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Diehl Rodriguez R, Tavares MCH, Brucki SMD, Takada LT, Otaduy MCG, da Graça Morais Martin M, Kimie Suemoto C, Grinberg LT, Leite CC, Tomaz C, Nitrini R. Bearded capuchin monkeys as a model for Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6287. [PMID: 38491154 PMCID: PMC10943096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The absence of a natural animal model is one of the main challenges in Alzheimer's disease research. Despite the challenges of using nonhuman primates in studies, these animals can bridge mouse models and humans, as nonhuman primates are phylogenetically closer to humans and can spontaneously develop AD-type pathology. The capuchin monkey, a New World primate, has recently attracted attention due to its skill in creating and using instruments. We analyzed one capuchin brain using structural 7 T MRI and performed a neuropathological evaluation of three animals. Alzheimer-type pathology was found in the two of the capuchins. Widespread β-amyloid pathology was observed, mainly in focal deposits with variable morphology and a high density of mature plaques. Notably, plaque-associated dystrophic neurites associated with disruption of axonal transport and early cytoskeletal alteration were frequently found. Unlike in other species of New World monkeys, cerebral arterial angiopathy was not the predominant form of β-amyloid pathology. Additionally, abnormal aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau, resembling neurofibrillary pathology, were observed in the temporal and frontal cortex. Astrocyte hypertrophy surrounding plaques was found, suggesting a neuroinflammatory response. These findings indicate that aged capuchin monkeys can spontaneously develop Alzheimer-type pathology, indicating that they may be an advantageous animal model for research in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Diehl Rodriguez
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, 255 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética em Neurorradiologia (LIM-44) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 250 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Clotilde H Tavares
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
- Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Park Way-Núcleo Bandeirante, Brasília, DF, CEP 71750-000, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, 255 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Leonel Tadao Takada
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, 255 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Concepción Garcia Otaduy
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética em Neurorradiologia (LIM-44) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 250 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Morais Martin
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética em Neurorradiologia (LIM-44) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 250 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Claudia Costa Leite
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética em Neurorradiologia (LIM-44) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 250 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Euro-American University Center-UNIEURO, Asa Sul, Brasilia, DF, CEP 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, 255 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
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2
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Woulfe J, Munoz DG, Gray DA, Jinnah HA, Ivanova A. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase intranuclear inclusions are markers of aging and neuronal stress in the human substantia nigra. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 134:43-56. [PMID: 37992544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
We explored mechanisms involved in the age-dependent degeneration of human substantia nigra (SN) dopamine (DA) neurons. Owing to its important metabolic functions in post-mitotic neurons, we investigated the developmental and age-associated changes in the purine biosynthetic enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Tissue microarrays prepared from post-mortem samples of SN from 85 neurologically intact participants humans spanning the age spectrum were immunostained for IMPDH combined with other proteins. SN DA neurons contained two types of IMPDH structures: cytoplasmic IMPDH filaments and intranuclear IMPDH inclusions. The former were not age-restricted and may represent functional units involved in sustaining purine nucleotide supply in these highly metabolically active cells. The latter showed age-associated changes, including crystallization, features reminiscent of pathological inclusion bodies, and spatial associations with Marinesco bodies; structures previously associated with SN neuron dysfunction and death. We postulate dichotomous roles for these two subcellularly distinct IMPDH structures and propose a nucleus-based model for a novel mechanism of SN senescence that is independent of previously known neurodegeneration-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Woulfe
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David G Munoz
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute & Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A Gray
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyder A Jinnah
- Departments of Neurology, Human Genetics & Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alyona Ivanova
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children and Neurosurgery Research Department, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Chocarro J, Rico AJ, Ariznabarreta G, Roda E, Honrubia A, Collantes M, Peñuelas I, Vázquez A, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Labandeira-García JL, Vila M, Lanciego JL. Neuromelanin accumulation drives endogenous synucleinopathy in non-human primates. Brain 2023; 146:5000-5014. [PMID: 37769648 PMCID: PMC10689915 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neuromelanin is a dark pigment characteristic of dopaminergic neurons in the human substantia nigra pars compacta, its potential role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has often been neglected since most commonly used laboratory animals lack neuromelanin. Here we took advantage of adeno-associated viral vectors encoding the human tyrosinase gene for triggering a time-dependent neuromelanin accumulation within substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in macaques up to similar levels of pigmentation as observed in elderly humans. Furthermore, neuromelanin accumulation induced an endogenous synucleinopathy mimicking intracellular inclusions typically observed in PD together with a progressive degeneration of neuromelanin-expressing dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, Lewy body-like intracellular inclusions were observed in cortical areas of the frontal lobe receiving dopaminergic innervation, supporting a circuit-specific anterograde spread of endogenous synucleinopathy by permissive trans-synaptic templating. In summary, the conducted strategy resulted in the development and characterization of a new macaque model of PD matching the known neuropathology of this disorder with unprecedented accuracy. Most importantly, evidence is provided showing that intracellular aggregation of endogenous α-synuclein is triggered by neuromelanin accumulation, therefore any therapeutic approach intended to decrease neuromelanin levels may provide appealing choices for the successful implementation of novel PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chocarro
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Alberto J Rico
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Goiaz Ariznabarreta
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Elvira Roda
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Adriana Honrubia
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - María Collantes
- Translational Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- Translational Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Vázquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José L Labandeira-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Neurodegenerative Diseses Research Group, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Lanciego
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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4
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Chou SM, Yen YH, Yuan F, Zhang SC, Chong CM. Neuronal Senescence in the Aged Brain. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1618-1632. [PMID: 37196117 PMCID: PMC10529744 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a highly complicated cellular state that occurs throughout the lifespan of an organism. It has been well-defined in mitotic cells by various senescent features. Neurons are long-lived post-mitotic cells with special structures and functions. With age, neurons display morphological and functional changes, accompanying alterations in proteostasis, redox balance, and Ca2+ dynamics; however, it is ambiguous whether these neuronal changes belong to the features of neuronal senescence. In this review, we strive to identify and classify changes that are relatively specific to neurons in the aging brain and define them as features of neuronal senescence through comparisons with common senescent features. We also associate them with the functional decline of multiple cellular homeostasis systems, proposing the possibility that these systems are the main drivers of neuronal senescence. We hope this summary will serve as a steppingstone for further inputs on a comprehensive but relatively specific list of phenotypes for neuronal senescence and in particular their underlying molecular events during aging. This will in turn shine light on the association between neuronal senescence and neurodegeneration and lead to the development of strategies to perturb the processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Chou
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yu-Hsin Yen
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Fang Yuan
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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5
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Multimodal brain and retinal imaging of dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:203-220. [PMID: 35177849 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the brain. The development of parkinsonism is preceded by a long prodromal phase, and >50% of dopaminergic neurons can be lost from the substantia nigra by the time of the initial diagnosis. Therefore, validation of in vivo imaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression is essential for future therapeutic developments. PET and single-photon emission CT targeting the presynaptic terminals of dopaminergic neurons can be used for early diagnosis by detecting axonal degeneration in the striatum. However, these techniques poorly differentiate atypical parkinsonian syndromes from PD, and their availability is limited in clinical settings. Advanced MRI in which pathological changes in the substantia nigra are visualized with diffusion, iron-sensitive susceptibility and neuromelanin-sensitive sequences potentially represents a more accessible imaging tool. Although these techniques can visualize the classic degenerative changes in PD, they might be insufficient for phenotyping or prognostication of heterogeneous aspects of PD resulting from extranigral pathologies. The retina is an emerging imaging target owing to its pathological involvement early in PD, which correlates with brain pathology. Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technique to visualize structural changes in the retina. Progressive parafoveal thinning and fovea avascular zone remodelling, as revealed by OCT, provide potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostication in PD. As we discuss in this Review, multimodal imaging of the substantia nigra and retina is a promising tool to aid diagnosis and management of PD.
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6
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GSK-3 mediates nuclear translocation of p62/SQSTM1 in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2021; 763:136177. [PMID: 34400288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
p62/SQSTM1 is a multifunctional, cytoplasmic protein with fundamental roles in autophagy and antioxidant responses. Here we showed that p62 translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in nigral dopaminergic neurons in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrid (MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). We found that p62 was physically associated with glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, a serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD, and that MPTP treatment promoted dissociation of the complex in mice. Conditional knockout of GSK-3 prevented nuclear translocation of p62, suggesting that this translocation was detrimental to dopaminergic neurons. p62 knockout mice were used to investigate the role of p62 in MPTP-induced neuronal death. Knockout of p62 aggravated neuronal injury induced by MPTP intoxication, suggesting that p62 plays an important role in dopaminergic cell survival in stress conditions. Together, our data demonstrate that GSK-3 mediates nuclear translocation of p62 during MPTP-induced parkinsonian neurodegeneration. These findings shed new light on the role of the cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of p62 and the mechanism underlying GSK-3-depedent neuronal death in PD pathogenesis.
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7
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Gupta HV, Beach TG, Mehta SH, Shill HA, Driver-Dunckley E, Sabbagh MN, Belden CM, Liebsack C, Dugger BN, Serrano GE, Sue LI, Siderowf A, Pontecorvo MJ, Mintun MA, Joshi AD, Adler CH. Clinicopathological Correlation: Dopamine and Amyloid PET Imaging with Neuropathology in Three Subjects Clinically Diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease or Dementia with Lewy Bodies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1603-1612. [PMID: 33720879 PMCID: PMC10109539 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging biomarkers have the potential to distinguish between different brain pathologies based on the type of ligand used with PET. AV-45 PET (florbetapir, Amyvid™) is selective for the neuritic plaque amyloid of Alzheimer's disease (AD), while AV-133 PET (florbenazine) is selective for VMAT2, which is a dopaminergic marker. OBJECTIVE To report the clinical, AV-133 PET, AV-45 PET, and neuropathological findings of three clinically diagnosed dementia patients who were part of the Avid Radiopharmaceuticals AV133-B03 study as well as the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (AZSAND). METHODS Three subjects who had PET imaging with both AV-133 and AV-45 as well as a standardized neuropathological assessment were included. The final clinical, PET scan, and neuropathological diagnoses were compared. RESULTS The clinical and neuropathological diagnoses were made blinded to PET scan results. The first subject had a clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB); AV-133 PET showed bilateral striatal dopaminergic degeneration, and AV-45 PET was positive for amyloid. The final clinicopathological diagnosis was DLB and AD. The second subject was diagnosed clinically with probable AD; AV-45 PET was positive for amyloid, while striatal AV-133 PET was normal. The final clinicopathological diagnosis was DLB and AD. The third subject had a clinical diagnosis of DLB. Her AV-45 PET was positive for amyloid and striatal AV-133 showed dopaminergic degeneration. The final clinicopathological diagnosis was multiple system atrophy and AD. CONCLUSION PET imaging using AV-133 for the assessment of striatal VMAT2 density may help distinguish between AD and DLB. However, some cases of DLB with less-pronounced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal loss may be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh V Gupta
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Shyamal H Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brittany N Dugger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Lucia I Sue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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8
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Weijs R, Okkersen K, van Engelen B, Küsters B, Lammens M, Aronica E, Raaphorst J, van Cappellen van Walsum AM. Human brain pathology in myotonic dystrophy type 1: A systematic review. Neuropathology 2021; 41:3-20. [PMID: 33599033 PMCID: PMC7986875 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is characterized by heterogeneous cognitive, behavioral, and affective symptoms and imaging alterations indicative of widespread grey and white matter involvement. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the literature on brain pathology in DM1. We conducted a structured search in EMBASE (index period 1974–2017) and MEDLINE (index period 1887–2017) on December 11, 2017, using free text and index search terms related to myotonic dystrophy type 1 and brain structures or regions. Eligible studies were full‐text studies reporting on microscopic brain pathology of DM1 patients without potentially interfering comorbidity. We discussed the findings based on the anatomical region and the nature of the anomaly. Neuropathological findings in DM1 can be classified as follows: (1) protein and nucleotide deposits; (2) changes in neurons and glial cells; and (3) white matter alterations. Most findings are unspecific to DM1 and may occur with physiological aging, albeit to a lesser degree. There are similarities and contrasts with Alzheimer's disease; both show the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles in the limbic system without plaque occurrence. Likewise, there is myelin loss and gliosis, and there are dilated perivascular spaces in the white matter resemblant of cerebral small vessel disease. However, we did not find evidence of lacunar infarction or microbleeding. The various neuropathological findings in DM1 are reflective of the heterogeneous clinical and neuroimaging features of the disease. The strength of conclusions from this study's findings is bounded by limited numbers of participants in studies, methodological constraints, and lack of assessed associations between histopathology and clinical or neuroimaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weijs
- Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Okkersen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Baziel van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology and Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Raaphorst
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology and Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie van Cappellen van Walsum
- Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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9
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Dijkstra AA, Haify SN, Verwey NA, Prins ND, van der Toorn EC, Rozemuller AJM, Bugiani M, den Dunnen WFA, Todd PK, Charlet-Berguerand N, Willemsen R, Hukema RK, Hoozemans JJM. Neuropathology of FMR1-premutation carriers presenting with dementia and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab007. [PMID: 33709078 PMCID: PMC7936660 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CGG repeat expansions within the premutation range (55–200) of the FMR1 gene can lead to Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome and Fragile X-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. These CGG repeats are translated into a toxic polyglycine-containing protein, FMRpolyG. Pathology of Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome and Fragile X-associated neuropsychiatric disorders comprises FMRpolyG- and p62-positive intranuclear inclusions. Diagnosing a FMR1-premutation carrier remains challenging, as the clinical features overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we describe two male cases with Fragile X-associated neuropsychiatric disorders-related symptoms and mild movement disturbances and novel pathological features that can attribute to the variable phenotype. Macroscopically, both donors did not show characteristic white matter lesions on MRI; however, vascular infarcts in cortical- and sub-cortical regions were identified. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed a high number of FMRpolyG intranuclear inclusions throughout the brain, which were also positive for p62. Importantly, we identified a novel pathological vascular phenotype with inclusions present in pericytes and endothelial cells. Although these results need to be confirmed in more cases, we propose that these vascular lesions in the brain could contribute to the complex symptomology of FMR1-premutation carriers. Overall, our report suggests that Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome and Fragile X-associated neuropsychiatric disorders may present diverse clinical involvements resembling other types of dementia, and in the absence of genetic testing, FMRpolyG can be used post-mortem to identify premutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke A Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saif N Haify
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek A Verwey
- Department of Neurology, Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels D Prins
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands.,Brain Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K Todd
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renate K Hukema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Care Studies, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Beach TG, Adler CH, Zhang N, Serrano GE, Sue LI, Driver-Dunckley E, Mehta SH, Zamrini EE, Sabbagh MN, Shill HA, Belden CM, Shprecher DR, Caselli RJ, Reiman EM, Davis KJ, Long KE, Nicholson LR, Intorcia AJ, Glass MJ, Walker JE, Callan MM, Oliver JC, Arce R, Gerkin RC. Severe hyposmia distinguishes neuropathologically confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease dementia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231720. [PMID: 32320406 PMCID: PMC7176090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many subjects with neuropathologically-confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are never diagnosed during life, instead being categorized as Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) or unspecified dementia. Unrecognized DLB therefore is a critical impediment to clinical studies and treatment trials of both ADD and DLB. There are studies that suggest that olfactory function tests may be able to distinguish DLB from ADD, but few of these had neuropathological confirmation of diagnosis. We compared University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) results in 257 subjects that went on to autopsy and neuropathological examination. Consensus clinicopathological diagnostic criteria were used to define ADD and DLB, as well as Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), with (PDD+AD) or without (PDD-AD) concurrent AD; a group with ADD and Lewy body disease (LBD) not meeting criteria for DLB (ADLB) and a clinically normal control group were also included. The subjects with DLB, PDD+AD and PDD-AD all had lower (one-way ANOVA p < 0.0001, pairwise Bonferroni p < 0.05) first and mean UPSIT scores than the ADD, ADLB or control groups. For DLB subjects with first and mean UPSIT scores less than 20 and 17, respectively, Firth logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender and mean MMSE score, conferred statistically significant odds ratios of 17.5 and 18.0 for the diagnosis, vs ADD. For other group comparisons (PDD+AD and PDD-AD vs ADD) and UPSIT cutoffs of 17, the same analyses resulted in odds ratios ranging from 16.3 to 31.6 (p < 0.0001). To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date comparing olfactory function in subjects with neuropathologically-confirmed LBD and ADD. Olfactory function testing may be a convenient and inexpensive strategy for enriching dementia studies or clinical trials with DLB subjects, or conversely, reducing the inclusion of DLB subjects in ADD studies or trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Charles H. Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Geidy E. Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lucia I. Sue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Shayamal H. Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Edouard E. Zamrini
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Marwan N. Sabbagh
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Holly A. Shill
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Belden
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - David R. Shprecher
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Caselli
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kathryn J. Davis
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kathy E. Long
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Nicholson
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Intorcia
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Glass
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jessica E. Walker
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Callan
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Javon C. Oliver
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Richard Arce
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Gerkin
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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11
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Gómez‐Gálvez Y, Fuller HR, Synowsky S, Shirran SL, Gates MA. Quantitative proteomic profiling of the rat substantia nigra places glial fibrillary acidic protein at the hub of proteins dysregulated during aging: Implications for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1417-1432. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gómez‐Gálvez
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele University Keele UK
- School of Medicine Keele University Keele UK
| | - Heidi R. Fuller
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele University Keele UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital Oswestry UK
| | - Silvia Synowsky
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility University of St Andrews Fife UK
| | - Sally L. Shirran
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility University of St Andrews Fife UK
| | - Monte A. Gates
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele University Keele UK
- School of Medicine Keele University Keele UK
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12
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Vila M. Neuromelanin, aging, and neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1440-1451. [PMID: 31251435 PMCID: PMC7079126 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromelanin, a dark brown intracellular pigment, has long been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). In PD, neuromelanin-containing neurons preferentially degenerate, tell-tale neuropathological inclusions form in close association with this pigment, and neuroinflammation is restricted to neuromelanin-containing areas. In humans, neuromelanin accumulates with age, which in turn is the main risk factor for PD. The potential contribution of neuromelanin to PD pathogenesis remains unknown because, in contrast to humans, common laboratory animals lack neuromelanin. The recent introduction of a rodent model exhibiting an age-dependent production of human-like neuromelanin has allowed, for the first time, for the consequences of progressive neuromelanin accumulation-up to levels reached in elderly human brains-to be assessed in vivo. In these animals, intracellular neuromelanin accumulation above a specific threshold compromises neuronal function and triggers a PD-like pathology. As neuromelanin levels reach this threshold in PD patients and presymptomatic PD patients, the modulation of neuromelanin accumulation could provide a therapeutic benefit for PD patients and delay brain aging. © 2019 The Author. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Vila
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupVall d'Hebron Research Institute–Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative DiseasesBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAutonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced StudiesBarcelonaSpain
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13
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Hashiguchi S, Doi H, Kunii M, Nakamura Y, Shimuta M, Suzuki E, Koyano S, Okubo M, Kishida H, Shiina M, Ogata K, Hirashima F, Inoue Y, Kubota S, Hayashi N, Nakamura H, Takahashi K, Katsumoto A, Tada M, Tanaka K, Sasaoka T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Sato N, Ozaki K, Ohta K, Yokota T, Mizusawa H, Mitsui J, Ishiura H, Yoshimura J, Morishita S, Tsuji S, Takeuchi H, Ishikawa K, Matsumoto N, Ishikawa T, Tanaka F. Ataxic phenotype with altered Ca V3.1 channel property in a mouse model for spinocerebellar ataxia 42. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104516. [PMID: 31229688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 42 (SCA42) is a neurodegenerative disorder recently shown to be caused by c.5144G > A (p.Arg1715His) mutation in CACNA1G, which encodes the T-type voltage-gated calcium channel CaV3.1. Here, we describe a large Japanese family with SCA42. Postmortem pathological examination revealed severe cerebellar degeneration with prominent Purkinje cell loss without ubiquitin accumulation in an SCA42 patient. To determine whether this mutation causes ataxic symptoms and neurodegeneration, we generated knock-in mice harboring c.5168G > A (p.Arg1723His) mutation in Cacna1g, corresponding to the mutation identified in the SCA42 family. Both heterozygous and homozygous mutants developed an ataxic phenotype from the age of 11-20 weeks and showed Purkinje cell loss at 50 weeks old. Degenerative change of Purkinje cells and atrophic thinning of the molecular layer were conspicuous in homozygous knock-in mice. Electrophysiological analysis of Purkinje cells using acute cerebellar slices from young mice showed that the point mutation altered the voltage dependence of CaV3.1 channel activation and reduced the rebound action potentials after hyperpolarization, although it did not significantly affect the basic properties of synaptic transmission onto Purkinje cells. Finally, we revealed that the resonance of membrane potential of neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus was decreased in knock-in mice, which indicates that p.Arg1723His CaV3.1 mutation affects climbing fiber signaling to Purkinje cells. Altogether, our study shows not only that a point mutation in CACNA1G causes an ataxic phenotype and Purkinje cell degeneration in a mouse model, but also that the electrophysiological abnormalities at an early stage of SCA42 precede Purkinje cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Misako Kunii
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Misa Shimuta
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Etsuko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shigeru Koyano
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaki Okubo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hitaru Kishida
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hirashima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Flower and Forest Tokyo Hospital, 2-3-6 Nishigahara, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0024, Japan
| | - Yukichi Inoue
- Department of Neurology, Toyama Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital and Support Center for Children with Disabilities, 36 Shimoiino, Toyama 931-8517, Japan
| | - Shun Kubota
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Hayashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsuko Katsumoto
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nozomu Sato
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Kokoro Ozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Kiyobumi Ohta
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshimura
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morishita
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Taro Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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14
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Brain tyrosinase overexpression implicates age-dependent neuromelanin production in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:973. [PMID: 30846695 PMCID: PMC6405777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD) there is a selective degeneration of neuromelanin-containing neurons, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. In humans, neuromelanin accumulates with age, the latter being the main risk factor for PD. The contribution of neuromelanin to PD pathogenesis remains unknown because, unlike humans, common laboratory animals lack neuromelanin. Synthesis of peripheral melanins is mediated by tyrosinase, an enzyme also present at low levels in the brain. Here we report that overexpression of human tyrosinase in rat substantia nigra results in age-dependent production of human-like neuromelanin within nigral dopaminergic neurons, up to levels reached in elderly humans. In these animals, intracellular neuromelanin accumulation above a specific threshold is associated to an age-dependent PD phenotype, including hypokinesia, Lewy body-like formation and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Enhancing lysosomal proteostasis reduces intracellular neuromelanin and prevents neurodegeneration in tyrosinase-overexpressing animals. Our results suggest that intracellular neuromelanin levels may set the threshold for the initiation of PD.
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15
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Carballo-Carbajal I, Laguna A, Romero-Giménez J, Cuadros T, Bové J, Martinez-Vicente M, Parent A, Gonzalez-Sepulveda M, Peñuelas N, Torra A, Rodríguez-Galván B, Ballabio A, Hasegawa T, Bortolozzi A, Gelpi E, Vila M. Brain tyrosinase overexpression implicates age-dependent neuromelanin production in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 30846695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08858-y.pmid:30846695;pmcid:pmc6405777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD) there is a selective degeneration of neuromelanin-containing neurons, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. In humans, neuromelanin accumulates with age, the latter being the main risk factor for PD. The contribution of neuromelanin to PD pathogenesis remains unknown because, unlike humans, common laboratory animals lack neuromelanin. Synthesis of peripheral melanins is mediated by tyrosinase, an enzyme also present at low levels in the brain. Here we report that overexpression of human tyrosinase in rat substantia nigra results in age-dependent production of human-like neuromelanin within nigral dopaminergic neurons, up to levels reached in elderly humans. In these animals, intracellular neuromelanin accumulation above a specific threshold is associated to an age-dependent PD phenotype, including hypokinesia, Lewy body-like formation and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Enhancing lysosomal proteostasis reduces intracellular neuromelanin and prevents neurodegeneration in tyrosinase-overexpressing animals. Our results suggest that intracellular neuromelanin levels may set the threshold for the initiation of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Carballo-Carbajal
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Laguna
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Romero-Giménez
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thais Cuadros
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bové
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Martinez-Vicente
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabelle Parent
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Sepulveda
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Peñuelas
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Torra
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Galván
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Analía Bortolozzi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, IIBB-CSIC, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miquel Vila
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Toth RP, Atkin JD. Dysfunction of Optineurin in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Glaucoma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1017. [PMID: 29875767 PMCID: PMC5974248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia, and glaucoma, affect millions of people worldwide. ALS is caused by the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and brain, and genetic mutations are responsible for 10% of all ALS cases. Glaucoma is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells and is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Interestingly, mutations in OPTN, encoding optineurin, are associated with both ALS and glaucoma. Optineurin is a highly abundant protein involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including the inflammatory response, autophagy, Golgi maintenance, and vesicular transport. In this review, we summarize the role of optineurin in cellular mechanisms implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including neuroinflammation, autophagy, and vesicular trafficking, focusing in particular on the consequences of expression of mutations associated with ALS and glaucoma. This review, therefore showcases the impact of optineurin dysfunction in ALS and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka P Toth
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Opris I, Nestianu VS, Nestianu A, Bilteanu L, Ciurea J. George Marinesco in the Constellation of Modern Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:726. [PMID: 29317856 PMCID: PMC5748083 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
George Marinesco is the founder of Romanian School of Neurology and one of the most remarkable neuroscientists of the last century. He was the pupil of Jean-Martin Charcot in Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, France, but visited many other neurological centers where he met the entire constellation of neurologists of his time, including Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal. The last made the preface of Nervous Cell, written in French by Marinesco. The original title was “La Cellule Nerveuse” and is considered even now a basic reference book for specialists in the field. He was a refined clinical observer with an integrative approach, as could be seen from the multitude of his discoveries. The descriptions of the succulent hand in syringomyelia, senile plaque in old subjects, palmar jaw reflex known as Marinesco-Radovici sign, or the application of cinematography in medicine are some of his important contributions. He was the first who described changes of locus niger in a patient affected by tuberculosis, as a possible cause in Parkinson disease. Before modern genetics, Marinesco and Sjögren described a rare and complex syndrome bearing their names. He was a hardworking man, focused on his scientific research, did not accepted flattering of others and was a great fighter against the injustice of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Opris
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Adrian Nestianu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jean Ciurea
- Bagdasar Arseni Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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18
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Mori F, Tanji K, Miki Y, Toyoshima Y, Sasaki H, Yoshida M, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Wakabayashi K. Immunohistochemical localization of exoribonucleases (DIS3L2 and XRN1) in intranuclear inclusion body disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 662:389-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Abbott RD, Nelson JS, Ross GW, Uyehara-Lock JH, Tanner CM, Masaki KH, Launer LJ, White LR, Petrovitch H. Marinesco bodies and substantia nigra neuron density in Parkinson's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017. [PMID: 28626918 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Marinesco bodies (MB) are intranuclear inclusions in pigmented neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). While rare in children, frequency increases with normal ageing and is high in Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and other neurodegenerative disorders. Coinciding with the age-related rise in MB frequency is initiation of cell death among SN neurons. Whether MB have a role in this process is unknown. Our aim is to examine the association of MB with SN neuron density in Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. METHODS Data on MB and neuron density were measured in SN transverse sections in 131 autopsied men aged 73-99 years at the time of death from 1992 to 2007. RESULTS Marinesco body frequency was low in the presence vs. absence of PD (2.3% vs. 6.6%, P < 0.001). After PD onset, MB frequency declined as duration of PD increased (P = 0.006). Similar patterns were observed for SN neuron density. When MB frequency was low, neuron density was noticeably reduced in the SN ventrolateral quadrant, the region most vulnerable to PD neurodegeneration. Low MB frequency was unique to PD as its high frequency in non-PD cases was unrelated to parkinsonian signs and incidental Lewy bodies. Frequency was high in the presence of Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein ε4 alleles. CONCLUSIONS While findings confirm that MB frequency is low in PD, declines in MB frequency continue with PD duration. The extent to which MB have a distinct relationship with PD warrants clarification. Further studies of MB could be important in understanding PD processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Abbott
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - J S Nelson
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - G W Ross
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - J H Uyehara-Lock
- Department of Pathology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - C M Tanner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K H Masaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - L J Launer
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L R White
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - H Petrovitch
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA
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20
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Distribution of dipeptide repeat proteins in cellular models and C9orf72 mutation cases suggests link to transcriptional silencing. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:537-55. [PMID: 26085200 PMCID: PMC4575390 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A massive expansion of a GGGGCC repeat upstream of the C9orf72 coding region is the most common known cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Despite its intronic localization and lack of a canonical start codon, both strands are translated into aggregating dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins: poly-GA, poly-GP, poly-GR, poly-PR and poly-PA. To address conflicting findings on the predominant toxicity of the different DPR species in model systems, we compared the expression pattern of the DPR proteins in rat primary neurons and postmortem brain and spinal cord of C9orf72 mutation patients. Only poly-GA overexpression closely mimicked the p62-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions commonly observed for all DPR proteins in patients. In contrast, overexpressed poly-GR and poly-PR formed nucleolar p62-negative inclusions. In patients, most of the less common neuronal intranuclear DPR inclusions were para-nucleolar and p62 positive. Neuronal nucleoli in C9orf72 cases showed normal size and morphology regardless of the presence of poly-GR and poly-PR inclusions arguing against widespread nucleolar stress, reported in cellular models. Colocalization of para-nucleolar DPR inclusions with heterochromatin and a marker of transcriptional repression (H3K9me2) indicates a link to gene transcription. In contrast, we detected numerous intranuclear DPR inclusions not associated with nucleolar structures in ependymal and subependymal cells. In patients, neuronal inclusions of poly-GR, poly-GP and the poly-GA interacting protein Unc119 were less abundant than poly-GA inclusions, but showed similar regional and subcellular distribution. Regardless of neurodegeneration, all inclusions were most abundant in neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus, with few inclusions in brain stem and spinal cord. In the granular cell layer of the cerebellum, poly-GA and Unc119 inclusions were significantly more abundant in cases with FTLD than in cases with MND and FTLD/MND. Poly-PR inclusions were rare throughout the brain but significantly more abundant in the CA3/4 region of FTLD cases than in MND cases. Thus, although DPR distribution is not correlated with neurodegeneration spatially, it correlates with neuropathological subtypes.
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21
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O'Hearn EE, Hwang HS, Holmes SE, Rudnicki DD, Chung DW, Seixas AI, Cohen RL, Ross CA, Trojanowski JQ, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Margolis RL. Neuropathology and Cellular Pathogenesis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 12. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1813-1824. [PMID: 26340331 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SCA12 is a progressive autosomal-dominant disorder, caused by a CAG/CTG repeat expansion in PPP2R2B on chromosome 5q32, and characterized by tremor, gait ataxia, hyperreflexia, dysmetria, abnormal eye movements, anxiety, depression, and sometimes cognitive impairment. Neuroimaging has demonstrated cerebellar and cortical atrophy. We now present the neuropathology of the first autopsied SCA12 brain and utilize cell models to characterize potential mechanisms of SCA12 neurodegeneration. METHODS A fixed SCA12 brain was examined using gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical methods. The effect of the repeat expansion on PPP2R2B Bβ1 expression was examined in multiple cell types by transient transfection of constructs containing the PPP2R2B Bβ1 promoter region attached to a luciferase reporter. The neurotoxic effect of PPP2R2B overexpression was examined in transfected rat primary neurons. RESULTS Neuropathological investigation revealed enlarged ventricles, marked cerebral cortical atrophy and Purkinje cell loss, less-prominent cerebellar and pontine atrophy, and neuronal intranuclear ubiquitin-positive inclusions, consistent with Marinesco bodies, which did not stain for long polyglutamine tracts, alpha-synuclein, tau, or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43. Reporter assays demonstrated that the region of PPP2R2B containing the repeat functions as a promoter, and that promoter activity increases with longer repeat length and is dependent on cell type, repeat sequence, and sequence flanking the repeat. Overexpression of PPP2R2B in primary cortical neurons disrupted normal morphology. CONCLUSIONS SCA12 involves extensive, but selective, neurodegeneration distinct from Alzheimer's disease, synucleinopathies, tauopathies, and glutamine expansion diseases. SCA12 neuropathology may arise from the neurotoxic effect of repeat-expansion-induced overexpression of PPP2R2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E O'Hearn
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyon S Hwang
- Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan E Holmes
- Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dobrila D Rudnicki
- Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel W Chung
- Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana I Seixas
- Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Rachael L Cohen
- Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Institute on Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell L Margolis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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McCann H, Fung VSC, Klein C, Halliday GM. Unusual α-synuclein and cerebellar pathologies in a case of hereditary myoclonus-dystonia without SGCE mutation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:837-42. [PMID: 25582306 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather McCann
- Sydney Brain Bank, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Sydney Brain Bank, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Beach TG, Adler CH, Sue LI, Serrano G, Shill HA, Walker DG, Lue L, Roher AE, Dugger BN, Maarouf C, Birdsill AC, Intorcia A, Saxon-Labelle M, Pullen J, Scroggins A, Filon J, Scott S, Hoffman B, Garcia A, Caviness JN, Hentz JG, Driver-Dunckley E, Jacobson SA, Davis KJ, Belden CM, Long KE, Malek-Ahmadi M, Powell JJ, Gale LD, Nicholson LR, Caselli RJ, Woodruff BK, Rapscak SZ, Ahern GL, Shi J, Burke AD, Reiman EM, Sabbagh MN. Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Brain and Body Donation Program. Neuropathology 2015; 35:354-89. [PMID: 25619230 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Brain and Body Donation Program (BBDP) at Banner Sun Health Research Institute (http://www.brainandbodydonationprogram.org) started in 1987 with brain-only donations and currently has banked more than 1600 brains. More than 430 whole-body donations have been received since this service was commenced in 2005. The collective academic output of the BBDP is now described as the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (AZSAND). Most BBDP subjects are enrolled as cognitively normal volunteers residing in the retirement communities of metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Specific recruitment efforts are also directed at subjects with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cancer. The median age at death is 82. Subjects receive standardized general medical, neurological, neuropsychological and movement disorders assessments during life and more than 90% receive full pathological examinations by medically licensed pathologists after death. The Program has been funded through a combination of internal, federal and state of Arizona grants as well as user fees and pharmaceutical industry collaborations. Subsets of the Program are utilized by the US National Institute on Aging Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Core Center and the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Brain and Tissue Resource for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders. Substantial funding has also been received from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research. The Program has made rapid autopsy a priority, with a 3.0-hour median post-mortem interval for the entire collection. The median RNA Integrity Number (RIN) for frozen brain and body tissue is 8.9 and 7.4, respectively. More than 2500 tissue requests have been served and currently about 200 are served annually. These requests have been made by more than 400 investigators located in 32 US states and 15 countries. Tissue from the BBDP has contributed to more than 350 publications and more than 200 grant-funded projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Lucia I Sue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Geidy Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Holly A Shill
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - LihFen Lue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Alex E Roher
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Chera Maarouf
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Alex C Birdsill
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Joel Pullen
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jessica Filon
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah Scott
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Angelica Garcia
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kathryn J Davis
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Kathy E Long
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa D Gale
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiong Shi
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anna D Burke
- Banner Alzheimer Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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24
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Kon T, Mori F, Tanji K, Miki Y, Toyoshima Y, Yoshida M, Sasaki H, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Wakabayashi K. ALS-associated protein FIG4 is localized in Pick and Lewy bodies, and also neuronal nuclear inclusions, in polyglutamine and intranuclear inclusion body diseases. Neuropathology 2013; 34:19-26. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki
| | | | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology; Aichi Medical University; Nagakute
| | - Hidenao Sasaki
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathological Neuroscience; Center for Bioresource-based Researches; University of Niigata; Niigata
| | | | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki
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25
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Prudente C, Pardo C, Xiao J, Hanfelt J, Hess E, LeDoux M, Jinnah H. Neuropathology of cervical dystonia. Exp Neurol 2013; 241:95-104. [PMID: 23195594 PMCID: PMC3570661 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to search for neuropathological changes in postmortem brain tissue of individuals with cervical dystonia (CD). Multiple regions of formalin-preserved brains were collected from patients with CD and controls and examined with an extensive battery of histopathological stains in a two-stage study design. In stage one, 4 CD brains underwent a broad screening neuropathological examination. In stage two, these 4 CD brains were combined with 2 additional CD brains, and the subjective findings were quantified and compared to 16 age-matched controls. The initial subjective neuropathological assessment revealed only two regions with relatively consistent changes. The substantia nigra had frequent ubiquitin-positive intranuclear inclusions known as Marinesco bodies. Additionally, the cerebellum showed patchy loss of Purkinje cells, areas of focal gliosis and torpedo bodies. Other brain regions showed minor or inconsistent changes. In the second stage of the analysis, quantitative studies failed to reveal significant differences in the numbers of Marinesco bodies in CD versus controls, but confirmed a significantly lower Purkinje cell density in CD. Molecular investigations revealed 4 of the CD cases and 2 controls to harbor sequence variants in non-coding regions of THAP1, and these cases had lower Purkinje cell densities regardless of whether they had CD. The findings suggest that subtle neuropathological changes such as lower Purkinje cell density may be found in primary CD when relevant brain regions are investigated with appropriate methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C.A. Pardo
- Dept. of Neurology & Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD -
| | - J. Xiao
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN -
| | - J. Hanfelt
- Dept. of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta GA -
| | - E.J. Hess
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta GA -
| | - M.S. LeDoux
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN -
| | - H.A. Jinnah
- Dept. of Neurology, Human Genetics & Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta GA
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26
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Jellinger KA. The relevance of metals in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, pathological considerations. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 110:1-47. [PMID: 24209432 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410502-7.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are featured by a variety of pathological conditions that share similar critical processes, such as oxidative stress, free radical activity, proteinaceous aggregations, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and energy failure. They are mediated or triggered by an imbalance of metal ions leading to changes of critical biological systems and initiating a cascade of events finally leading to neurodegeneration and cell death. Their causes are multifactorial, and although the source of the shift in oxidative homeostasis is still unclear, current evidence points to changes in the balance of redox transition metals, especially iron, copper, and other trace metals. They are present at elevated levels in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multisystem atrophy, etc., while in other neurodegenerative disorders, copper, zinc, aluminum, and manganese are involved. This chapter will review the recent advances of the role of metals in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of major neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the use of chelating agents as potential therapies for metal-related disorders.
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27
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Kumar H, Lim HW, More SV, Kim BW, Koppula S, Kim IS, Choi DK. The role of free radicals in the aging brain and Parkinson's Disease: convergence and parallelism. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10478-10504. [PMID: 22949875 PMCID: PMC3431873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radical production and their targeted action on biomolecules have roles in aging and age-related disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). There is an age-associated increase in oxidative damage to the brain, and aging is considered a risk factor for PD. Dopaminergic neurons show linear fallout of 5-10% per decade with aging; however, the rate and intensity of neuronal loss in patients with PD is more marked than that of aging. Here, we enumerate the common link between aging and PD at the cellular level with special reference to oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Oxidative damage includes mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine auto-oxidation, α-synuclein aggregation, glial cell activation, alterations in calcium signaling, and excess free iron. Moreover, neurons encounter more oxidative stress as a counteracting mechanism with advancing age does not function properly. Alterations in transcriptional activity of various pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, mitogen activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, and reduced activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione with aging might be correlated with the increased incidence of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Hyung-Woo Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Sandeep Vasant More
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - In Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
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28
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Braak H, Thal DR, Matschke J, Ghebremedhin E, Del Tredici K. Age-related appearance of dendritic inclusions in catecholaminergic brainstem neurons. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:286-97. [PMID: 22503003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We identified p62-immunoreactive inclusions in dendrites of catecholaminergic brainstem projection neurons using antibodies against p62, ubiquitin, α-synuclein, hyperphosphorylated tau, and tyrosine hydroxylase in 100-μm sections through the brainstem dorsal vagal area, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra of 149 autopsy cases staged for intraneuronal Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease-associated lesions. The inclusions resembled Marinesco bodies within cell nuclei of catecholaminergic neurons as well as the dot-like structures previously described by Dickson in specific neuropil areas in humans. The p62-positive inclusions were confined to dendrites of catecholaminergic neurons, lacked neuromelanin granules, and were tau- and α-synuclein-negative. Their immunoreactivity for ubiquitin varied and their prevalence significantly increased with advancing age. The presence or absence of Alzheimer's and/or Parkinson's disease-associated pathology did not influence their existence. There was a strong association between the presence of p62-positive inclusions and Marinesco bodies (p < 0.0001). Our results reveal a hitherto unknown alteration within specific neuronal types of the human brainstem that may be independent of the sequestosome-ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway and unrelated to proteinaceous aggregate-formation of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Braak
- Clinical Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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29
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Optineurin is colocalized with ubiquitin in Marinesco bodies. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 123:289-92. [PMID: 22101367 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Odagiri S, Tanji K, Mori F, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Kamitani T, Wakabayashi K. Immunohistochemical analysis of Marinesco bodies, using antibodies against proteins implicated in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy and aggresome formation. Neuropathology 2011; 32:261-6. [PMID: 22118216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Marinesco bodies (MBs) are spherical eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. Previous immunohistochemical studies have shown that MBs are positive for ubiquitin, p62 and SUMO-1, suggesting the involvement of ubiquitination and related proteins in the formation or disaggregation of MBs. However, the involvement is not thoroughly understood. Therefore, we immunohistochemically examined the midbrain from five control subjects ranged from 53 to 84 years old. MBs were positive for various proteins implicated in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (ubiquitin, p62, EDD1, NEDD8, NUB1, SUMO-1 and SUMO-2), aggresome formation (HDAC6) and autophagy (ubiquitin, p62, LC3, GABARAP and GATE-16). These findings suggest that proteins related to ubiquitination, proteasomal degradation and autophagy are involved in the formation or disaggregation of MBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Odagiri
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
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Collier TJ, Kanaan NM, Kordower JH. Ageing as a primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease: evidence from studies of non-human primates. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12:359-66. [PMID: 21587290 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is the greatest risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease. However, the current dogma holds that cellular mechanisms that are associated with ageing of midbrain dopamine neurons and those that are related to dopamine neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease are unrelated. We propose, based on evidence from studies of non-human primates, that normal ageing and the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease are linked by the same cellular mechanisms and, therefore, that markers of cellular risk factors accumulate with age in a pattern that mimics the pattern of degeneration observed in Parkinson's disease. We contend that ageing induces a pre-parkinsonian state, and that the cellular mechanisms of dopamine neuron demise during normal ageing are accelerated or exaggerated in Parkinson's disease through a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Collier
- Division of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
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32
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Alladi PA, Mahadevan A, Vijayalakshmi K, Muthane U, Shankar SK, Raju TR. Ageing enhances alpha-synuclein, ubiquitin and endoplasmic reticular stress protein expression in the nigral neurons of Asian Indians. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:530-9. [PMID: 20615443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences suggest that dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) during ageing and in Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to neurodegenerative changes like exponential increase in alpha-synuclein expression and protein misfolding. Lewy body formation is also a quintessential observation in neurodegeneration and PD. In experimental models of PD, GRP78 a neuroprotective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein targets misfolded proteins for degradation and prevents release of caspase12 from the ER. Release of active caspase12 and its translocation to the nucleus induces ER mediated apoptosis. The effect of ageing on these proteins in human nigra is not known. We evaluated alpha-synuclein, caspase12, GRP78 and ubiquitin expression in the SNpc of Asian Indians, using immunohistochemistry and stereology. The number of alpha-synuclein and caspase12 immunoreactive neurons increased gradually with age whereas the number of GRP78-labeled neurons remained stable. In contrast, GRP78 protein expression was significantly upregulated with age, while alpha-synuclein and caspase12 increased slightly. An increase in the size and numbers of marinesco bodies was prominent after the sixth decade. The mild increase in alpha-synuclein expression and occurrence of marinesco bodies suggests ageing induced protein misfolding and GRP78 upregulation indicates presence of ER stress. The logarithmic upregulation of GRP78 could even be an indicator of neuroprotective or neuromodulatory response of ER to protein misfolding and initiation of unfolded protein response pathway. Since dopaminergic neurons are preserved in ageing Asian Indians, our study possibly signifies better proteasomal or ER response and partially explains the lower prevalence of PD in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
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33
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Cook C, Petrucelli L. A critical evaluation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1792:664-75. [PMID: 19419700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The evidence for impairment in the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is mounting and becoming increasingly more convincing. However, it is presently unclear whether UPS dysfunction is a cause or result of PD pathology, a crucial distinction which impedes both the understanding of disease pathogenesis and the development of effectual therapeutic approaches. Recent findings discussed within this review offer new insight and provide direction for future research to conclusively resolve this debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Cook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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34
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Gaig C, Martí MJ, Ezquerra M, Cardozo A, Rey MJ, Tolosa E. G2019S LRRK2 mutation causing Parkinson's disease without Lewy bodies. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009:bcr08.2008.0632. [PMID: 21686713 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.08.2008.0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) mutation has been identified in a significant proportion of familial and sporadic cases of Parkinson's disease (PD). Until now, information on the neuropathological changes associated with the G2019S LRRK2 mutation has been sparse. We report a 77-year-old patient who presented with a 14 year history of PD but, unexpectedly, histopathological examination disclosed mild neuronal loss in the substantia nigra without α-synuclein, tau or ubiquitin cytoplasmic inclusions. A G2019S LRRK2 mutation was eventually detected. The present case confirms that clinical PD caused by G2019S mutations can be associated with non-specific nigral degeneration without Lewy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Gaig
- Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Movement disorders Unit. Neurology Service, Villarroel 170, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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35
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Woulfe J. Nuclear bodies in neurodegenerative disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:2195-206. [PMID: 18539152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a relentlessly progressive loss of the functional and structural integrity of the central nervous system. In many cases, these diseases arise sporadically and the causes are unknown. The abnormal aggregation of protein within the cytoplasm or the nucleus of brain cells represents a unifying pathological feature of these diseases. There is increasing evidence for nuclear dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. How this relates to protein aggregation in the context of "cause and effect" remains to be determined in most cases. Co-ordinated nuclear function is predicated on the activity of distinct nuclear subdomains, or nuclear bodies, each responsible for a specific function. If nuclear dysfunction represents an important etiopathological feature in neurodegenerative disease, then this should be reflected by functional and/or morphological alterations in this nuclear compartmentalization. For most neurodegenerative diseases, evidence for nuclear dysfunction, with attendant consequences for nuclear architecture, is only beginning to emerge. In this review, I will discuss neurodegenerative diseases in the context of nuclear dysfunction and, more specifically, alterations in nuclear bodies. Although research in this field is in its infancy, identifying alterations in the nucleus in neurodegenerative disease has potentially profound implications for elucidating the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Woulfe
- Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9.
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36
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Dickson DW, Fujishiro H, DelleDonne A, Menke J, Ahmed Z, Klos KJ, Josephs KA, Frigerio R, Burnett M, Parisi JE, Ahlskog JE. Evidence that incidental Lewy body disease is pre-symptomatic Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2008; 115:437-44. [PMID: 18264713 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-008-0345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lewy bodies, the histologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), are detected in the brains of about 10% of clinically normal people over the age of 60 years. When Lewy bodies are found in normal individuals, the process is sometimes referred to as incidental Lewy body disease (iLBD). The distribution of Lewy bodies in iLBD is similar to the distribution in PD, but neuronal populations vulnerable to Lewy bodies do not show significant neuronal loss in iLBD. It remains unknown if Lewy bodies in this setting represent pre-symptomatic PD or an age-related change unrelated to PD. To address this question we identified cases of iLBD and used a marker for dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), to determine if there were changes similar to those found in PD. TH immunoreactivity in the striatum and the epicardial nerve fibers was decreased in iLBD compared to normal controls, but not to the same extent as in PD. The findings suggest that iLBD is preclinical PD and that the lack of symptoms is due to subthreshold pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Dickson
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Beach TG, Sue LI, Walker DG, Roher AE, Lue L, Vedders L, Connor DJ, Sabbagh MN, Rogers J. The Sun Health Research Institute Brain Donation Program: description and experience, 1987-2007. Cell Tissue Bank 2008; 9:229-45. [PMID: 18347928 PMCID: PMC2493521 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-008-9067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Brain Donation Program at Sun Health Research Institute has been in continual operation since 1987, with over 1000 brains banked. The population studied primarily resides in the retirement communities of northwest metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. The Institute is affiliated with Sun Health, a nonprofit community-owned and operated health care provider. Subjects are enrolled prospectively to allow standardized clinical assessments during life. Funding comes primarily from competitive grants. The Program has made short postmortem brain retrieval a priority, with a 2.75-h median postmortem interval for the entire collection. This maximizes the utility of the resource for molecular studies; frozen tissue from approximately 82% of all cases is suitable for RNA studies. Studies performed in-house have shown that, even with very short postmortem intervals, increasing delays in brain retrieval adversely affect RNA integrity and that cerebrospinal fluid pH increases with postmortem interval but does not predict tissue viability.
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38
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Petrucelli L, Dickson DW. Neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374028-1.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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39
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Beach TG, Sue LI, Walker DG, Roher AE, Lue L, Vedders L, Connor DJ, Sabbagh MN, Rogers J. The Sun Health Research Institute Brain Donation Program: description and experience, 1987–2007. Cell Tissue Bank 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-007-9056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Kuusisto E, Kauppinen T, Alafuzoff I. Use of p62/SQSTM1 antibodies for neuropathological diagnosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2007; 34:169-80. [PMID: 17961133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The demonstration of proteinaceous inclusions in the brain is the key step in the pathological diagnosis of degenerative dementias. The diversity of these diseases has necessitated the use of a panel of (immuno)stains to visualize all suspect pathologies, elevating diagnostic costs. Immunodetection of p62 (sequestosome 1), an abundant constituent in diverse pathological inclusions, holds the potential for a broad-specificity, high-contrast inclusion label. In the brain, pathological p62-positive aggregates comprise both cytoplasmic and nuclear types in neurones and glia, with abnormal tau, alpha-synuclein, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 or polyglutamine proteins as primary components. We therefore set out to evaluate the performance of p62 antibodies for diagnostic immunohistochemistry. We optimized the application conditions and compared the staining profiles of eight commercial p62 antibodies with each other and with reference immunostains, using 2-mm tissue multiarrays representing the major tauo- and synucleinopathies and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U). The lesions were best visualized using monoclonal antibodies, displaying most types of hallmark inclusions with excellent contrast. Expanding the list of p62-containing aggregates, we demonstrated p62 in tufted astrocytes, coiled bodies, astrocytic plaques, and variform neocortical inclusions and pathological processes in FTLD-U. Polyclonal antibodies exhibited lower sensitivities with variable background levels. We also noted more subtle p62-immunoreactive features lacking overt disease associations. Emphasizing the importance of proper antibody and epitope unmasking methods for maximum sensitivity, we recommend p62 immunodetection as a screening stain for diagnostic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kuusisto
- Department of Neurology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
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41
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Beach TG, Sue LI, Walker DG, Lue LF, Connor DJ, Caviness JN, Sabbagh MN, Adler CH. Marked microglial reaction in normal aging human substantia nigra: correlation with extraneuronal neuromelanin pigment deposits. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 114:419-24. [PMID: 17639428 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-007-0250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple reports have documented an age-related loss, estimated at about 10% per decade, of the pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra. This is associated with motor dysfunction, including bradykinesia, stooped posture and gait disturbance. As microglia are activated by cell death and neuromelanin pigment, we hypothesized that there should be a significant microglial reaction in normal aging human substantia nigra. Sections of substantia nigra from elderly subjects (N = 15; mean 81.3; SD 7.0) and younger subjects (N = 7; mean 30.3; SD = 8.7), all of which had no specific neurologically or neuropathologically defined disorders, were stained immunohistochemically for MHC Class II and the area occupied by microglia was quantified in substantia nigra pars compacta. All elderly subjects showed a pronounced microglial reaction in the substantia nigra, with frequent, intensely stained hypertrophic microglia, while immunoreactive nigral microglia were much less frequent in the younger subjects. Quantification showed that in older subjects, the percentage of substantia nigra area occupied by microglial bodies and processes was significantly greater than for younger subjects (mean 19.6 vs. 3.6; P = 0.005). Extraneuronal neuromelanin deposits were present in all the older subjects but were absent or rare in the younger subjects. The neuromelanin deposit abundance score in the older subjects correlated significantly with the area occupied by immunoreactive microglia. The marked microglial reaction in normal aging human substantia nigra, together with the previously reported 35-80% pigmented neuron loss, indicates the presence of a powerful pathologic process that may be additive with specific age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Beach
- Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 West Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
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42
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Kanaan NM, Kordower JH, Collier TJ. Age-related accumulation of Marinesco bodies and lipofuscin in rhesus monkey midbrain dopamine neurons: relevance to selective neuronal vulnerability. J Comp Neurol 2007; 502:683-700. [PMID: 17436290 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons. Although aging is a primary risk factor for PD, its role in DA neuron degeneration remains unknown. Neurodegeneration in PD is not uniform throughout the ventral midbrain: the ventral tier of the substantia nigra (vtSN) is most vulnerable, whereas the dorsal tier (dtSN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively resistant. We studied young (9-10 years old), middle-aged (14-17 years old), and old-aged (22-29 years old) rhesus monkeys to identify factors potentially underlying selective vulnerability and their association with aging. We focused on markers relevant to the ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS) and lysosome systems. Unbiased stereological counting was performed on tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) neurons and TH+ neurons containing Marinesco bodies (TH+MB) or lipofuscin (TH+lipo), markers of UPS or lysosomal activity, respectively. TH+ neuron numbers were inversely correlated with advancing age specifically in the vtSN, not the dtSN or VTA. TH intensity decreased throughout the ventral midbrain with increasing age, an effect exacerbated in the vtSN. TH+MB neurons were localized in the vulnerable vtSN of old monkeys. The number of MBs per cell increased with age, and TH intensity of TH+MB neurons decreased in middle age. Conversely, TH+lipo neurons were primarily found in the resistant dtSN and VTA. These data suggest that particular age-related changes localize to DAergic subregions relevant to degenerative patterns in PD. Furthermore, the results begin to characterize the nature of the link between aging and PD, and they support the concept that aged monkeys represent a valuable model for studying specific events preceding PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Kanaan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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43
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Gaig C, Martí MJ, Ezquerra M, Rey MJ, Cardozo A, Tolosa E. G2019S LRRK2 mutation causing Parkinson's disease without Lewy bodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:626-8. [PMID: 17210620 PMCID: PMC2077973 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) mutation has been identified in a significant proportion of familial and sporadic cases of Parkinson's disease (PD). Until now, information on the neuropathological changes associated with the G2019S LRRK2 mutation has been sparse. We report a 77-year-old patient who presented with a 14 year history of PD but, unexpectedly, histopathological examination disclosed mild neuronal loss in the substantia nigra without alpha-synuclein, tau or ubiquitin cytoplasmic inclusions. A G2019S LRRK2 mutation was eventually detected. The present case confirms that clinical PD caused by G2019S mutations can be associated with non-specific nigral degeneration without Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Gaig
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Woulfe JM. Abnormalities of the nucleus and nuclear inclusions in neurodegenerative disease: a work in progress. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2007; 33:2-42. [PMID: 17239006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized pathologically by the abnormal accumulation of pathogenic protein species within the cell. Several neurodegenerative diseases feature intranuclear protein aggregation in the form of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Studies of these intranuclear inclusions are providing important clues regarding the cellular pathophysiology of these diseases, as exemplified by recent progress in defining the genetic basis of a subset of frontotemporal dementia cases. The precise role of intranuclear inclusion bodies in disease pathogenesis is currently a focus of debate. The present review provides an overview of the diverse family of neurodegenerative diseases in which nuclear inclusions form part of the neuropathological spectrum. In addition, current pathogenetic concepts relevant to these diseases will be reviewed and arguments for and against a protective role for intranuclear inclusions will be presented. The relationship of pathological intranuclear inclusions to functional intranuclear bodies will also be discussed. Finally, by analogy with pathological intranuclear inclusions, I will speculate on the possibility that intranuclear protein aggregation may represent a constitutive cellular protective mechanism occurring in neurons under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Woulfe
- Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, and Cancer Research Program, The Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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45
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Villagra NT, Navascues J, Casafont I, Val-Bernal JF, Lafarga M, Berciano MT. The PML-nuclear inclusion of human supraoptic neurons: a new compartment with SUMO-1- and ubiquitin-proteasome-associated domains. Neurobiol Dis 2005; 21:181-93. [PMID: 16125395 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the cell nucleus is organized in structural and functional compartments involved in transcription, RNA processing and protein modifications such as conjugation with SUMO-1 and proteolysis. Promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) bodies are dynamic nuclear structures that concentrate PML protein, SUMO-1 and several sumoylated and non-sumoylated protein regulators of nuclear functions. PML bodies and their associated CBP has been involved in neuronal survival. By light and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization we reported the presence, in non-pathological conditions, of a large PML-nuclear inclusion (PML-NI) in human supraoptic neurons. This inclusion appears as a single nuclear structure composed of a capsule enriched in PML, SUMO-1 and CBP proteins and a central lattice of filaments immunoreactive for class III beta-tubulin, ubiquitinated proteins and proteasomes. Furthermore, the PML-NI concentrates the SUMO-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBC9). The PML-NI may be considered a nuclear factory involved in sumoylation and proteolysis via ubiquitin-proteasome system, two nuclear pathways engaged in the control of the nucleoplasmic concentration of active transcriptional regulators. Interestingly, the structural and molecular organization of the PML-NI is related to the Marinesco bodies, age-associated ubiquitinated intranuclear inclusions, and to the intranuclear rodlets enriched in class III beta-tubulin, which are nuclear structures markedly decreased in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria T Villagra
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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46
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Woulfe J, Gray D, Prichett-Pejic W, Munoz DG, Chretien M. Intranuclear Rodlets in the Substantia Nigra: Interactions with Marinesco Bodies, Ubiquitin, and Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2004; 63:1200-7. [PMID: 15581187 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/63.11.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing appreciation that the nucleus is organized into an array of discrete structural domains, each subserving a specific function. These functional nuclear bodies are to be distinguished from pathological intranuclear inclusions which have been described in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Marinesco bodies (MBs) are eosinophilic ubiquitinated intranuclear inclusions found in pigmented neurons of the human substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. Traditionally considered non-pathological entities, more recent studies have indicated that MBs are associated with the age-associated degenerative changes in the substantia nigra and striatal loss of dopaminergic terminals. In the present morphological study of the human substantia nigra, we demonstrate colocalization, contiguity, and focally shared immunoreactivity between MBs and neuronal intranuclear rodlets (INRs). The latter nuclear structures of uncertain function are markedly decreased in the cortex of Alzheimer's disease, but not dementia with Lewy bodies. In addition, we demonstrate an interaction between INRs and promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, the signature protein of PML nuclear bodies. These results suggest that structures which subserve the functional compartmentalization of the neuronal nucleus may be relevant to elucidating cellular mechanisms of age-related motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Woulfe
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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