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Xie Z, Chen M, Lian J, Wang H, Ma J. Glioblastoma-on-a-chip construction and therapeutic applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1183059. [PMID: 37503321 PMCID: PMC10368971 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1183059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant type of primary intracranial tumor with a median overall survival of only 14 months, a very poor prognosis and a recurrence rate of 90%. It is difficult to reflect the complex structure and function of the GBM microenvironment in vivo using traditional in vitro models. GBM-on-a-chip platforms can integrate biological or chemical functional units of a tumor into a chip, mimicking in vivo functions of GBM cells. This technology has shown great potential for applications in personalized precision medicine and GBM immunotherapy. In recent years, there have been efforts to construct GBM-on-a-chip models based on microfluidics and bioprinting. A number of research teams have begun to use GBM-on-a-chip models for the investigation of GBM progression mechanisms, drug candidates, and therapeutic approaches. This review first briefly discusses the use of microfluidics and bioprinting technologies for GBM-on-a-chip construction. Second, we classify non-surgical treatments for GBM in pre-clinical research into three categories (chemotherapy, immunotherapy and other therapies) and focus on the use of GBM-on-a-chip in research for each category. Last, we demonstrate that organ-on-a-chip technology in therapeutic field is still in its initial stage and provide future perspectives for research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jingyun Ma
- *Correspondence: Hongcai Wang, ; Jingyun Ma,
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2
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Hao Z, Huajun S, Zhen G, Yu X, Qian L, Ziling C, Zihao S, Qingqian X, Shujuan Z. AQP8 promotes glioma proliferation and growth, possibly through the ROS/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:516. [PMID: 37280594 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aquaporin (AQP) family of proteins has been implicated in the proliferation and growth of gliomas. Expression of AQP8 is higher in human glioma tissues than in normal brain tissues and is positively correlated with the pathological grade of glioma, suggesting that this protein is also involved in the proliferation and growth of glioma. However, the mechanism by which AQP8 promotes the proliferation and growth of glioma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism and role of abnormal AQP8 expression in glioma development. METHODS The dCas9-SAM and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques were used to construct viruses with overexpressed and knocked down AQP8, respectively, and infect A172 and U251 cell lines. The effects of AQP8 on the proliferation and growth of glioma and its mechanism via the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were observed using cell clone, transwell, flow cytometry, Hoechst, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. A nude mouse tumor model was also established. RESULTS Overexpression of AQP8 resulted in an increased number of cell clones and cell proliferation, enhanced cell invasion and migration, decreased apoptosis and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, and increased phosphorylated serine/threonine protein kinase (p-AKT) expression and ROS level, whereas the AQP8 knockdown groups showed opposite results. In the animal experiments, the AQP8 overexpression group had higher tumor volume and weight, whereas the AQP8 knockdown group had lower tumor volume and weight compared with those parameters measured in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our results preliminary suggest that AQP8 overexpression alters the ROS/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gliomas. Therefore, AQP8 may be a potential therapeutic target in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Sheng Huajun
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guo Zhen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liu Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Cai Ziling
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shen Zihao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xia Qingqian
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhu Shujuan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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3
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Zhu X, Fang Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Hong W, Wei W, Tu J. Interaction of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages and cancer stem cells in glioma. Life Sci 2023; 320:121558. [PMID: 36889666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common tumor of the primary central nervous system, and its malignant phenotype has been shown to be closely related to glioma stem cells (GSCs). Although temozolomide has significantly improved the therapeutic outcome of glioma with a high penetration rate of the blood-brain barrier, resistance is often present in patients. Moreover, evidence has shown that the crosstalk between GSCs and tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) affect the clinical occurrence, growth, and multi-tolerance of chemoradiotherapy in gliomas. Here, we highlight its vital roles in the maintenance of the stemness of GSCs and the ability of GSCs to recruit TAMs to the tumor microenvironment and promote their polarization into tumor-promoting macrophages, hence providing groundwork for future research into new treatment strategies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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4
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Arjmand B, Mansouri V, Hamzeloo Moghadam M, Tavirani SR. Introducing Albumin and Interleukin 6 as Common Critical Dysregulated Proteins Between Migraine and Gliosarcoma. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:185-191. [PMID: 38107530 PMCID: PMC10719970 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.1483.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is reported that migraine may be a risk factor for brain cancers. Since one of the best ways to assess this possible relationship is to study the molecular mechanism, here the common central dysregulated proteins between these diseases are investigated via network analysis. Methods The dysregulated proteins of migraine and gliosarcoma are extracted from the STRING database and interacted via Cytoscape software, version 3.7.2. to form two separate networks. Central nodes of the networks are compared to find the common central district proteins. First neighbors of the common central proteins are studied. Results The number of 11 hub bottlenecks was identified for each of the migraine and gliosarcoma cancer networks. Albumin (ALB) and interleukin 6 (IL6) were introduced as common differentially expressed central proteins. Kininogen 1 (KNG1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) the first neighbors of ALB-IL6 were connected to the central nodes of networks of the two studied diseases. Conclusion ALB and IL6 can be considered molecular links between migraine and brain cancers. Highlights Differentially expression of albumin (ALB) and interleukin 6 (IL6) is highlighted as the common key events in migraine and gliosarcoma.Kininogen 1 (KNG1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) are introduced as possible critical players in migraine and gliosarcoma.Based on four centrality parameters, ALB is characterized with stronger centrality properties relative to IL6. Plain Language Summary Migraine is considered as a possible risk factor for brain cancers. Therefor exploring of relationship between brain cancers and migraine is attracted attention of researchers. Understanding of diseases molecular mechanism is an important tool to better diagnosis and therapy of the studied disorders. In the present study, the common features of molecular events in migraine and gliosarcoma are studied based on protein expression changes. Analysis indicates that a few numbers of proteins play critical roles in migraine and gliosarcoma. ALB, IL6, KNG1, VEGFA, and NF1 are highlighted as the key proteins which are dysregulated in the two studied diseases. Prominent role of ALB in development of cancers is pointed out by several researchers. Important role of IL6 in promotion of migraine is disused in the previous documents. Since some diseases are risk factors for the other disorders, understanding the common features of two diseases can provide suitable therapeutic protocol to prevent development of diseases. Our finding can be used to provide suitable procedure to prevent conversion of migraine to brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeloo Moghadam
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Microglia and Brain Macrophages as Drivers of Glioma Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415612. [PMID: 36555253 PMCID: PMC9779147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that the tumour microenvironment (TME) has a key role in the progression of gliomas. Non-neoplastic cells in addition to the tumour cells are therefore finding increasing attention. Microglia and other glioma-associated macrophages are at the centre of this interest especially in the context of therapeutic considerations. New ideas have emerged regarding the role of microglia and, more recently, blood-derived brain macrophages in glioblastoma (GBM) progression. We are now beginning to understand the mechanisms that allow malignant glioma cells to weaken microglia and brain macrophage defence mechanisms. Surface molecules and cytokines have a prominent role in microglia/macrophage-glioma cell interactions, and we discuss them in detail. The involvement of exosomes and microRNAs forms another focus of this review. In addition, certain microglia and glioma cell pathways deserve special attention. These "synergistic" (we suggest calling them "Janus") pathways are active in both glioma cells and microglia/macrophages where they act in concert supporting malignant glioma progression. Examples include CCN4 (WISP1)/Integrin α6β1/Akt and CHI3L1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR. They represent attractive therapeutic targets.
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Investigational Microbiological Therapy for Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235977. [PMID: 36497459 PMCID: PMC9736089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS), and 50% of patients present with glioblastoma (GBM), which is the most aggressive type. Currently, the most popular therapies are progressive chemotherapy and treatment with temozolomide (TMZ), but the median survival of glioma patients is still low as a result of the emergence of drug resistance, so we urgently need to find new therapies. A growing number of studies have shown that the diversity, bioactivity, and manipulability of microorganisms make microbial therapy a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the many studies on the research progress of microorganisms and their derivatives in the development and treatment of glioma are scattered, and nobody has yet provided a comprehensive summary of them. Therefore, in this paper, we review the research progress of microorganisms and their derivatives in the development and treatment of glioma and conclude that it is possible to treat glioma by exogenous microbial therapies and targeting the gut-brain axis. In this article, we discuss the prospects and pressing issues relating to these therapies with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of glioma.
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Zhou C, Li T, Dong Q, Liang H, Xu L. SARM suppresses glioma progression in GL261 glioma cells and regulates microglial polarization. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1927-1936. [PMID: 35971755 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microglia is the major cellular component of glioma mass that promotes glioma growth, invasion, and chemoresistance by releasing inflammatory factors. Sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif (SARM), a member of the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor family, is primarily expressed in the central nervous system. However, the role of SARM in glioma is still undefined. In the present work, we examined the function of SARM in microglial polarization and glioma progression. Our results showed that forced the expression of SARM in GL261 glioma cells inhibited tumor growth, and reduced interleukin (IL)-6 secretion in conditioned media. Silencing of SARM in microglia cells inhibited IL-4-induced M2 polarization, enhanced lipopolysaccharide -induced M1 microglial polarization. Furthermore, overexpression of SARM increased the migration of microglia cells upon TGFβ stimulation. These data suggested that SARM is involved in neuro-inflammation and microglia activation. In summary, this study provides novel insight into the mechanisms of microglial polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianzun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Macrophages Are a Double-Edged Sword: Molecular Crosstalk between Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Cancer Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060850. [PMID: 35740975 PMCID: PMC9221070 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of highly tumorigenic cells in tumors. They have enhanced self-renewal properties, are usually chemo-radioresistant, and can promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. They can recruit macrophages into the tumor microenvironment and differentiate them into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs maintain CSC stemness and construct niches that are favorable for CSC survival. However, how CSCs and TAMs interact is not completely understood. An understanding on these mechanisms can provide additional targeting strategies for eliminating CSCs. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the reported mechanisms of crosstalk between CSCs and TAMs and update the related signaling pathways involved in tumor progression. In addition, we discuss potential therapies targeting CSC–TAM interaction, including targeting macrophage recruitment and polarization by CSCs and inhibiting the TAM-induced promotion of CSC stemness. This review also provides the perspective on the major challenge for developing potential therapeutic strategies to overcome CSC-TAM crosstalk.
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9
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Dialogue among Lymphocytes and Microglia in Glioblastoma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112632. [PMID: 35681612 PMCID: PMC9179556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we summarize in vitro and in vivo studies related to glioblastoma models and human patients to outline the symbiotic bidirectional interaction between microglia, lymphocytes, and tumor cells that develops during tumor progression. Particularly, we highlight the current experimental therapeutic approaches that aim to shape these interplays, such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery and CAR-T and -NK cell infusion, and to modulate the tumor microenvironment in an anti-tumoral way, thus counteracting glioblastoma growth. Abstract Microglia and lymphocytes are fundamental constituents of the glioblastoma microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art knowledge of the microglial role played in promoting the development and aggressive hallmarks of this deadly brain tumor. Particularly, we report in vitro and in vivo studies related to glioblastoma models and human patients to outline the symbiotic bidirectional interaction between microglia, lymphocytes, and tumor cells that develops during tumor progression. Furthermore, we highlight the current experimental therapeutic approaches that aim to shape these interplays, such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery and CAR-T and -NK cell infusion, and to modulate the tumor microenvironment in an anti-tumoral way, thus counteracting glioblastoma growth.
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10
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Chelluboina B, Chokkalla AK, Mehta SL, Morris-Blanco KC, Bathula S, Sankar S, Park JS, Vemuganti R. Tenascin-C induction exacerbates post-stroke brain damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:253-263. [PMID: 34689646 PMCID: PMC9122520 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211056392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of tenascin-C (TNC) in ischemic stroke pathology is not known despite its prognostic association with cerebrovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of TNC knockdown on post-stroke brain damage and its putative mechanism of action in adult mice of both sexes. Male and female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and injected (i.v.) with either TNC siRNA or a negative (non-targeting) siRNA at 5 min after reperfusion. Motor function (beam walk and rotarod tests) was assessed between days 1 and 14 of reperfusion. Infarct volume (T2-MRI), BBB damage (T1-MRI with contrast), and inflammatory markers were measured at 3 days of reperfusion. The TNC siRNA treated cohort showed significantly curtailed post-stroke TNC protein expression, motor dysfunction, infarction, BBB damage, and inflammation compared to the sex-matched negative siRNA treated cohort. These results demonstrate that the induction of TNC during the acute period after stroke might be a mediator of post-ischemic inflammation and secondary brain damage independent of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Sneha Sankar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jin Soo Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Voznyuk I, Pivovarova L, Gogoleva E, Osipova I, Ariskina O, Morozova E, Chernyavsky I, Markelova E. Biomarkers of brain damage and inflammation in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:54-60. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212208254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Vandenbark AA, Offner H, Matejuk S, Matejuk A. Microglia and astrocyte involvement in neurodegeneration and brain cancer. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:298. [PMID: 34949203 PMCID: PMC8697466 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is unique and the most complex organ of the body, containing neurons and several types of glial cells of different origins and properties that protect and ensure normal brain structure and function. Neurological disorders are the result of a failure of the nervous system multifaceted cellular networks. Although great progress has been made in the understanding of glia involvement in neuropathology, therapeutic outcomes are still not satisfactory. Here, we discuss recent perspectives on the role of microglia and astrocytes in neurological disorders, including the two most common neurodegenerative conditions, Alzheimer disease and progranulin-related frontotemporal lobar dementia, as well as astrocytoma brain tumors. We emphasize key factors of microglia and astrocytic biology such as the highly heterogeneic glial nature strongly dependent on the environment, genetic factors that predispose to certain pathologies and glia senescence that inevitably changes the CNS landscape. Our understanding of diverse glial contributions to neurological diseases can lead advances in glial biology and their functional recovery after CNS malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Szymon Matejuk
- Medical Student of Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Matejuk
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland.
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Arrieta VA, Najem H, Petrosyan E, Lee-Chang C, Chen P, Sonabend AM, Heimberger AB. The Eclectic Nature of Glioma-Infiltrating Macrophages and Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13382. [PMID: 34948178 PMCID: PMC8705822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are complex ecosystems composed of highly multifaceted tumor and myeloid cells capable of responding to different environmental pressures, including therapies. Recent studies have uncovered the diverse phenotypical identities of brain-populating myeloid cells. Differences in the immune proportions and phenotypes within tumors seem to be dictated by molecular features of glioma cells. Furthermore, increasing evidence underscores the significance of interactions between myeloid cells and glioma cells that allow them to evolve in a synergistic fashion to sustain tumor growth. In this review, we revisit the current understanding of glioma-infiltrating myeloid cells and their dialogue with tumor cells in consideration of their increasing recognition in response and resistance to immunotherapies as well as the immune impact of the current chemoradiotherapy used to treat gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor A. Arrieta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.A.); (H.N.); (E.P.); (C.L.-C.); (P.C.)
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04360, Mexico
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.A.); (H.N.); (E.P.); (C.L.-C.); (P.C.)
| | - Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.A.); (H.N.); (E.P.); (C.L.-C.); (P.C.)
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.A.); (H.N.); (E.P.); (C.L.-C.); (P.C.)
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.A.); (H.N.); (E.P.); (C.L.-C.); (P.C.)
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.A.); (H.N.); (E.P.); (C.L.-C.); (P.C.)
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.A.); (H.N.); (E.P.); (C.L.-C.); (P.C.)
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Sørensen MD, Kristensen BW. TUMOUR-ASSOCIATED CD204+ MICROGLIA/MACROPHAGES ACCUMULATE IN PERIVASCULAR AND PERINECROTIC NICHES AND CORRELATE WITH AN INTERLEUKIN-6 ENRICHED INFLAMMATORY PROFILE IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12772. [PMID: 34713474 PMCID: PMC9306597 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Dahl Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Xun Y, Yang H, Kaminska B, You H. Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:176. [PMID: 34715891 PMCID: PMC8555307 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma represents a fast proliferating and highly invasive brain tumor which is resistant to current therapies and invariably recurs. Despite some advancements in anti-glioma therapies, patients’ prognosis remains poor. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as the first line of defense in the immune system being the detectors of those associated with bacteria, viruses, and danger signals. In the glioma microenvironment, TLRs are expressed on both immune and tumor cells, playing dual roles eliciting antitumoral (innate and adaptive immunity) and protumoral (cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glioma stem cell maintenance) responses. Up to date, several TLR-targeting therapies have been developed aiming at glioma bulk and stem cells, infiltrating immune cells, the immune checkpoint axis, among others. While some TLR agonists exhibited survival benefit in clinical trials, it attracts more attention when they are involved in combinatorial treatment with radiation, chemotherapy, immune vaccination, and immune checkpoint inhibition in glioma treatment. TLR agonists can be used as immune modulators to enhance the efficacy of other treatment, to avoid dose accumulation, and what brings more interests is that they can potentiate immune checkpoint delayed resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade by upregulating PD-1/PD-L1 overexpression, thus unleash powerful antitumor responses when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we focus on recent developments and clinical trials exploring TLR-based treatment to provide a picture of the relationship between TLR and glioma and their implications for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xun
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
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16
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Bander ED, Rivera M, Cisse B. The Benedict Arnold of the Central Nervous System Tumor Microenvironment? The Role of Microglia/Macrophages in Glioma. World Neurosurg 2021; 154:214-221. [PMID: 34583498 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glioma microenvironment is heavily infiltrated by non-neoplastic myeloid cells, including bone marrow-derived macrophages and central nervous system-resident microglia. As opposed to executing the antitumor functions of immune surveillance, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis, these tumor-associated myeloid cells are co-opted to promote an immunosuppressive milieu and support tumor invasion and angiogenesis. This review explores evolving evidence and the research paradigms used to determine the interplay of tumor genetics, immune cell composition, and immune function in gliomas. Understanding these cells and how they are reprogrammed will be instrumental in finding new and effective treatments for these lethal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Bander
- Department of Neurosurgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maricruz Rivera
- Department of Neurosurgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Babacar Cisse
- Department of Neurosurgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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17
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Rivera M, Bander ED, Cisse B. Perspectives on Microglia-Based Immune Therapies Against Glioblastoma. World Neurosurg 2021; 154:228-231. [PMID: 34583500 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, it has a dismal prognosis. Over the last 20 years, the approach to GBM research and therapy has involved viewing the pathologic condition as a complex organ system with multiple nonneoplastic cells supporting tumor growth directly or through enhancement of the tumor microenvironment. Understanding the immune system effects on glioma growth, invasion, tumor survival, immune suppression, and angiogenesis is critical in immunotherapy target development. In this review, we discuss how the immune system generates a favorable microenvironment, and clinical trials currently underway targeting immune system pathways. Tumor-associated macrophages, particularly the M2 phenotype, are important residents of the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth through paracrine and direct signaling. Clinical trials targeting PD-L-1, CTLA-4, and colony stimulating factor-1 receptor in GBM are currently under investigation. Additionally, several phase I/II clinical trials are underway using vaccines, oncolytic viruses, antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting glioma cells. Co-opting the immune system as a therapeutic partner against GBM is in early stages of investigation, and the potential use of such approaches as treatment adjuncts is indispensable for combating this highly heterogeneous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricruz Rivera
- Department of Neurosurgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evan D Bander
- Department of Neurosurgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Babacar Cisse
- Department of Neurosurgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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18
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Czerwinska P, Mackiewicz AA. Low Levels of TRIM28-Interacting KRAB-ZNF Genes Associate with Cancer Stemness and Predict Poor Prognosis of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194835. [PMID: 34638319 PMCID: PMC8508054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This is the first report investigating the involvement of TRIM28-interacting KRAB-ZNFs in kidney cancer progression. We demonstrate a significant negative association between KRAB-ZNFs and cancer stemness followed by an attenuated immune-suppressive response and reveal the prognostic role for several KRAB-ZNFs. Our findings may help better understand the molecular basis of kidney cancer and ultimately pave the way to more appropriate prognostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies directly eradicating the dedifferentiated compartment of the tumor. Abstract Krüppel-associated box zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF) proteins are known to regulate diverse biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue-specific gene expression, and cancer progression. However, their involvement in the regulation of cancer stemness-like phenotype acquisition and maintenance is scarcely explored across solid tumor types, and to date, there are no data for kidney renal clear cell cancer (KIRC). We have harnessed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database transcriptomic data and used several bioinformatic tools (i.e., GEPIA2, GSCALite, TISIDB, GSEA, CIBERSORT) to verify the relation between the expression and genomic alterations in KRAB-ZNFs and kidney cancer, focusing primarily on tumor dedifferentiation status and antitumor immune response. Our results demonstrate a significant negative correlation between KRAB-ZNFs and kidney cancer dedifferentiation status followed by an attenuated immune-suppressive response. The transcriptomic profiles of high KRAB-ZNF-expressing kidney tumors are significantly enriched with stem cell markers and show a depletion of several inflammatory pathways known for favoring cancer stemness. Moreover, we show for the first time the prognostic role for several KRAB-ZNFs in kidney cancer. Our results provide new insight into the role of selected KRAB-ZNF proteins in kidney cancer development. We believe that our findings may help better understand the molecular basis of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwinska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; or
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; or
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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19
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Chaudhary R, Morris RJ, Steinson E. The multifactorial roles of microglia and macrophages in the maintenance and progression of glioblastoma. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 357:577633. [PMID: 34153803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The functional characteristics of glial cells, in particular microglia, have attained considerable importance in several diseases, including glioblastoma, the most hostile and malignant type of intracranial tumor. Microglia performs a highly significant role in the brain's inflammatory response mechanism. They exhibit anti-tumor properties via phagocytosis and the activation of a number of different cytotoxic substances. Some tumor-derived factors, however, transform these microglial cells into immunosuppressive and tumor-supportive, facilitating survival and progression of tumorigenic cells. Glioma-associated microglia and/or macrophages (GAMs) accounts for a large proportion of glioma infiltrating cells. Once within the tumor, GAMs exhibit a distinct phenotype of initiation that subsequently supports the growth and development of tumorigenic cells, angiogenesis and stimulates the infiltration of healthy brain regions. Interventions that suppress or prohibit the induction of GAMs at the tumor site or attenuate their immunological activities accommodating anti-tumor actions are likely to exert positive impact on glioblastoma treatment. In the present paper, we aim to summarize the most recent knowledge of microglia and its physiology, as well as include a very brief description of different molecular factors involved in microglia and glioblastoma interplay. We further address some of the major signaling pathways that regulate the baseline motility of glioblastoma progression. Finally, we discussed a number of therapeutic approaches regarding glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India.
| | - Rhianna J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Steinson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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20
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Ali H, Harting R, de Vries R, Ali M, Wurdinger T, Best MG. Blood-Based Biomarkers for Glioma in the Context of Gliomagenesis: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665235. [PMID: 34150629 PMCID: PMC8211985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common and aggressive tumors of the central nervous system. A robust and widely used blood-based biomarker for glioma has not yet been identified. In recent years, a plethora of new research on blood-based biomarkers for glial tumors has been published. In this review, we question which molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, circulating cells, and metabolomics, are most promising blood-based biomarkers for glioma diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and other purposes, and align them to the seminal processes of cancer. METHODS The Pubmed and Embase databases were systematically searched. Biomarkers were categorized in the identified biomolecules and biosources. Biomarker characteristics were assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and/or specificity values and the degree of statistical significance among the assessed clinical groups was reported. RESULTS 7,919 references were identified: 3,596 in PubMed and 4,323 in Embase. Following screening of titles, abstracts and availability of full-text, 262 articles were included in the final systematic review. Panels of multiple biomarkers together consistently reached AUCs >0.8 and accuracies >80% for various purposes but especially for diagnostics. The accuracy of single biomarkers, consisting of only one measurement, was far more variable, but single microRNAs and proteins are generally more promising as compared to other biomarker types. CONCLUSION Panels of microRNAs and proteins are most promising biomarkers, while single biomarkers such as GFAP, IL-10 and individual miRNAs also hold promise. It is possible that panels are more accurate once these are involved in different, complementary cancer-related molecular pathways, because not all pathways may be dysregulated in cancer patients. As biomarkers seem to be increasingly dysregulated in patients with short survival, higher tumor grades and more pathological tumor types, it can be hypothesized that more pathways are dysregulated as the degree of malignancy of the glial tumor increases. Despite, none of the biomarkers found in the literature search seem to be currently ready for clinical implementation, and most of the studies report only preliminary application of the identified biomarkers. Hence, large-scale validation of currently identified and potential novel biomarkers to show clinical utility is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Romée Harting
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ralph de Vries
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meedie Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Myron G. Best
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Haydar D, Houke H, Chiang J, Yi Z, Odé Z, Caldwell K, Zhu X, Mercer KS, Stripay JL, Shaw TI, Vogel P, DeRenzo C, Baker SJ, Roussel MF, Gottschalk S, Krenciute G. Cell-surface antigen profiling of pediatric brain tumors: B7-H3 is consistently expressed and can be targeted via local or systemic CAR T-cell delivery. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:999-1011. [PMID: 33320196 PMCID: PMC8168826 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is actively being explored for pediatric brain tumors in preclinical models and early phase clinical studies. At present, it is unclear which CAR target antigens are consistently expressed across different pediatric brain tumor types. In addition, the extent of HLA class I expression is unknown, which is critical for tumor recognition by conventional αβTCR T cells. METHODS We profiled 49 low- and high-grade pediatric brain tumor patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) by flow analysis for the expression of 5 CAR targets (B7-H3, GD2, IL-13Rα2, EphA2, and HER2), and HLA class I. In addition, we generated B7-H3-CAR T cells and evaluated their antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We established an expression hierarchy for the analyzed antigens (B7-H3 = GD2 >> IL-13Rα2 > HER2 = EphA2) and demonstrated that antigen expression is heterogenous. All high-grade gliomas expressed HLA class I, but only 57.1% of other tumor subtypes had detectable expression. We then selected B7-H3 as a target for CAR T-cell therapy. B7-H3-CAR T cells recognized tumor cells in an antigen-dependent fashion. Local or systemic administration of B7-H3-CAR T cells induced tumor regression in PDOX and immunocompetent murine glioma models resulting in a significant survival advantage. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of studying target antigen and HLA class I expression in PDOX samples for the future design of immunotherapies. In addition, our results support active preclinical and clinical exploration of B7-H3-targeted CAR T-cell therapies for a broad spectrum of pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Haydar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Haley Houke
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zhongzhen Yi
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zelda Odé
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kenneth Caldwell
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly S Mercer
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer L Stripay
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Timothy I Shaw
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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22
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Mitchell K, Troike K, Silver DJ, Lathia JD. The evolution of the cancer stem cell state in glioblastoma: emerging insights into the next generation of functional interactions. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:199-213. [PMID: 33173943 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is a hallmark of advanced cancers and has been ascribed in part to a population of self-renewing, therapeutically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, has served as a platform for the study of CSCs. In addition to illustrating the complexities of CSC biology, these investigations have led to a deeper understanding of GBM pathogenesis, revealed novel therapeutic targets, and driven innovation towards the development of next-generation therapies. While there continues to be an expansion in our knowledge of how CSCs contribute to GBM progression, opportunities have emerged to revisit this conceptual framework. In this review, we will summarize the current state of CSCs in GBM using key concepts of evolution as a paradigm (variation, inheritance, selection, and time) to describe how the CSC state is subject to alterations of cell intrinsic and extrinsic interactions that shape their evolutionarily trajectory. We identify emerging areas for future consideration, including appreciating CSCs as a cell state that is subject to plasticity, as opposed to a discrete population. These future considerations will not only have an impact on our understanding of this ever-expanding field but will also provide an opportunity to inform future therapies to effectively treat this complex and devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katie Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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23
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Maurya SK, Bhattacharya N, Mishra S, Bhattacharya A, Banerjee P, Senapati S, Mishra R. Microglia Specific Drug Targeting Using Natural Products for the Regulation of Redox Imbalance in Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654489. [PMID: 33927630 PMCID: PMC8076853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, a type of innate immune cell of the brain, regulates neurogenesis, immunological surveillance, redox imbalance, cognitive and behavioral changes under normal and pathological conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury. Microglia produces a wide variety of cytokines to maintain homeostasis. It also participates in synaptic pruning and regulation of neurons overproduction by phagocytosis of neural precursor cells. The phenotypes of microglia are regulated by the local microenvironment of neurons and astrocytes via interaction with both soluble and membrane-bound mediators. In case of neuron degeneration as observed in acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases, microglia gets released from the inhibitory effect of neurons and astrocytes, showing activated phenotype either of its dual function. Microglia shows neuroprotective effect by secreting growths factors to heal neurons and clears cell debris through phagocytosis in case of a moderate stimulus. But the same microglia starts releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IFN-γ, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), increasing neuroinflammation and redox imbalance in the brain under chronic signals. Therefore, pharmacological targeting of microglia would be a promising strategy in the regulation of neuroinflammation, redox imbalance and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies present potentials of natural products like curcumin, resveratrol, cannabidiol, ginsenosides, flavonoids and sulforaphane to suppress activation of microglia. These natural products have also been proposed as effective therapeutics to regulate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review article intends to explain the molecular mechanisms and functions of microglia and molecular dynamics of microglia specific genes and proteins like Iba1 and Tmem119 in neurodegeneration. The possible interventions by curcumin, resveratrol, cannabidiol, ginsenosides, flavonoids and sulforaphane on microglia specific protein Iba1 suggest possibility of natural products mediated regulation of microglia phenotypes and its functions to control redox imbalance and neuroinflammation in management of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Multiple Sclerosis for microglia-mediated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neetu Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Mishra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, SGPGI, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Banerjee
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Rajnikant Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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24
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Buonfiglioli A, Hambardzumyan D. Macrophages and microglia: the cerberus of glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:54. [PMID: 33766119 PMCID: PMC7992800 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and deadliest of the primary brain tumors, characterized by malignant growth, invasion into the brain parenchyma, and resistance to therapy. GBM is a heterogeneous disease characterized by high degrees of both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Another layer of complexity arises from the unique brain microenvironment in which GBM develops and grows. The GBM microenvironment consists of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. The most abundant non-neoplastic cells are those of the innate immune system, called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs constitute up to 40% of the tumor mass and consist of both brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived myeloid cells from the periphery. Although genetically stable, TAMs can change their expression profiles based upon the signals that they receive from tumor cells; therefore, heterogeneity in GBM creates heterogeneity in TAMs. By interacting with tumor cells and with the other non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment, TAMs promote tumor progression. Here, we review the origin, heterogeneity, and functional roles of TAMs. In addition, we discuss the prospects of therapeutically targeting TAMs alone or in combination with standard or newly-emerging GBM targeting therapies.
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25
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Reimunde P, Pensado-López A, Carreira Crende M, Lombao Iglesias V, Sánchez L, Torrecilla-Parra M, Ramírez CM, Anfray C, Torres Andón F. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Glioblastoma and Zebrafish Models for the Discovery of New Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1087. [PMID: 33802571 PMCID: PMC7961726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common of all brain malignant tumors; it displays a median survival of 14.6 months with current complete standard treatment. High heterogeneity, aggressive and invasive behavior, the impossibility of completing tumor resection, limitations for drug administration and therapeutic resistance to current treatments are the main problems presented by this pathology. In recent years, our knowledge of GBM physiopathology has advanced significantly, generating relevant information on the cellular heterogeneity of GBM tumors, including cancer and immune cells such as macrophages/microglia, genetic, epigenetic and metabolic alterations, comprising changes in miRNA expression. In this scenario, the zebrafish has arisen as a promising animal model to progress further due to its unique characteristics, such as transparency, ease of genetic manipulation, ethical and economic advantages and also conservation of the major brain regions and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) which are similar to a human structure. A few papers described in this review, using genetic and xenotransplantation zebrafish models have been used to study GBM as well as to test the anti-tumoral efficacy of new drugs, their ability to interact with target cells, modulate the tumor microenvironment, cross the BBB and/or their toxicity. Prospective studies following these lines of research may lead to a better diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Reimunde
- Department of Medicine, Campus de Oza, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alba Pensado-López
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Campus de Lugo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.-L.); (M.C.C.); (V.L.I.); (L.S.)
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martín Carreira Crende
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Campus de Lugo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.-L.); (M.C.C.); (V.L.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Vanesa Lombao Iglesias
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Campus de Lugo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.-L.); (M.C.C.); (V.L.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Campus de Lugo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.-L.); (M.C.C.); (V.L.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Marta Torrecilla-Parra
- IMDEA Research Institute of Food and Health Sciences, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.-P.); (C.M.R.)
| | - Cristina M. Ramírez
- IMDEA Research Institute of Food and Health Sciences, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.-P.); (C.M.R.)
| | - Clément Anfray
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via A. Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
| | - Fernando Torres Andón
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via A. Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
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Cole AP, Hoffmeyer E, Chetty SL, Cruz-Cruz J, Hamrick F, Youssef O, Cheshier S, Mitra SS. Microglia in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1273:197-208. [PMID: 33119883 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the brain resident phagocytes that act as the primary form of the immune defense in the central nervous system. These cells originate from primitive macrophages that arise from the yolk sac. Advances in imaging and single-cell RNA-seq technologies provided new insights into the complexity of microglia biology.Microglia play an essential role in the brain development and maintenance of brain homeostasis. They are also crucial in injury repair in the central nervous system. The tumor microenvironment is complex and includes neoplastic cells as well as varieties of host and infiltrating immune cells. Microglia are part of the glioma microenvironment and play a critical part in initiating and maintaining tumor growth and spread. Microglia can also act as effector cells in treatments against gliomas. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge of how and where microglia are generated. We also discuss their functions during brain development, injury repair, and homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss the role of microglia in the tumor microenvironment of gliomas and highlight their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric Hoffmeyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Senthilnath Lakshmana Chetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joselyn Cruz-Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Forrest Hamrick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Osama Youssef
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Samuel Cheshier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Siddhartha S Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Huang Y, Zhang B, Haneke H, Haage V, Lubas M, Yuan Y, Xia P, Motta E, Nanvuma C, Dzaye O, Hu F, Kettenmann H. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor increases matrix metallopeptidase 9 and 14 expression in microglia and promotes microglia-mediated glioma progression. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1048-1063. [PMID: 33404121 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is released by glioma cells and promotes tumor growth. We have previously found that GDNF released from the tumor cells is a chemoattractant for microglial cells, the immune cells of the central nervous system. Here we show that GDNF increases matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and MMP14 expression in cultured microglial cells from mixed sexes of neonatal mice. The GDNF-induced microglial MMP9 and MMP14 upregulation is mediated by GDNF family receptor alpha 1 receptors and dependent on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In organotypic brain slices, GDNF promotes the growth of glioma and this effect depends on the presence of microglia. We also previously found that MMP9 and MMP14 upregulation can be mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 signaling and here we demonstrate that GDNF increases the expression of TLR1 and TLR2. In conclusion, GDNF promotes the pro-tumorigenic phenotype of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Huang
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Baole Zhang
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hannah Haneke
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Haage
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Lubas
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Yuan
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pengfei Xia
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edyta Motta
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cynthia Nanvuma
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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Costanza A, Zenga F, Rudà R, Amerio A, Aguglia A, Serafini G, Amore M, Bondolfi G, Berardelli I, Nguyen KD. Suicidality in Patients with Brain Tumors: A Brief Literature Review with Clinical Exemplar. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:725. [PMID: 33371470 PMCID: PMC7767493 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Suicidality and brain tumors are two life-threatening conditions and, somewhat unexpectedly, the associations between them have scarcely been reported. Objective: In this study, we aimed to provide a brief literature review of epidemiological studies on suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal behavior (SB) in patients with brain tumors. To illustrate various aspects of brain tumors that potentially underlie the emergence of suicidality, the review is supplemented with a clinical exemplar of a long-term survivor of brain tumor (glioblastoma) who experienced persistent SI. Furthermore, we discuss putative both neurobiological (including anatomical and immunological) and psychosocial mechanisms that might be accountable for the development of SI and SB in patients with brain tumors. Conclusions: While the etiology of this phenomenon appears to be multifactorial and still remains a subject of much debate, it is of critical importance to identify patients for which a psychiatric evaluation could recognize, in a timely manner, a possible suicide risk and alleviate the deep related suffering, by appropriate psychopharmacological and supportive and psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Costanza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Psychiatry, ASO Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Zenga
- Department of Neurosurgery, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16133 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16133 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16133 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16133 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16133 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16133 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16133 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16133 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guido Bondolfi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of Liaison Psychiatry and Crisis Intervention, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Berardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Khoa Dinh Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
- Tranquis Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Mesaros O, Jimbu L, Neaga A, Popescu C, Berceanu I, Tomuleasa C, Fetica B, Zdrenghea M. Macrophage Polarization in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Nurse-Like Cells Are the Caretakers of Leukemic Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110516. [PMID: 33228048 PMCID: PMC7699370 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are terminally differentiated innate immune cells. Through their activation, they can be polarized towards the pro-inflammatory M1 type or the wound healing-associated, anti-inflammatory M2 type macrophages. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), M2 is the dominant phenotype and these cells are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs secrete cytokines and chemokines, exerting an antiapoptotic, proliferative and pro-metastatic effect on the tumor cells. TAMs can be found in many cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where they are called nurse-like cells (NLCs). Despite the generally indolent behavior of CLL, the proportion of treatment-refractory patients is significant. As with the majority of cancers, despite significant recent progress, CLL pathogenesis is poorly understood. The emerging role of the TME in nurturing the neoplastic process warrants the investigation of macrophages as a significant pathogenetic element of tumors. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the role of stromal macrophages in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Mesaros
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-741-237-703
| | - Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Alexandra Neaga
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Cristian Popescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, County Emergency Hospital Alba Iulia, 20 Decebal str., 510093 Alba-Iulia, Romania
| | - Iulia Berceanu
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Bogdan Fetica
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
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30
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Hu F, Huang Y, Semtner M, Zhao K, Tan Z, Dzaye O, Kettenmann H, Shu K, Lei T. Down-regulation of Aquaporin-1 mediates a microglial phenotype switch affecting glioma growth. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112323. [PMID: 33058832 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin 1 (AQP1), a transmembrane protein that forms water channels, has previously been shown to facilitate growth and progression of many types of tumors by modulating tumor cell migration, proliferation and angiogenesis. Here, we determined the impact of AQP1 expression in the tumor environment on the progression of brain tumors. Primary microglia from wild type(WT) and AQP1 knockout(KO) mice were used to test AQP1 effect on microglia function by using Western blot, quantative PCR, in an experimental in vivo mouse glioma model and organotypic brain slice culture. Deletion of AQP1 in the host tissue significantly reduced the survival of the mice implanted with GL261 glioma cells. The density of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages was almost doubled in AQP1KO mice. We found that factors secreted from GL261 cells decrease microglial AQP1 expression via the MEK/ERK pathway, and that inhibition of this pathway with Trametinib reduced tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor bearing mice, an effect which required the presence of microglia. Deletion of AQP1 in cultured microglia resulted in an increase in migratory activity and a decrease in TLR4-dependent innate immune responses. Our study demonstrates a functional relevance of AQP1 expression in microglia and hints to AQP1 as a potential novel target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cellular Neuroscience, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Semtner
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhoubin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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31
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Buonfiglioli A, Efe IE, Guneykaya D, Ivanov A, Huang Y, Orlowski E, Krüger C, Deisz RA, Markovic D, Flüh C, Newman AG, Schneider UC, Beule D, Wolf SA, Dzaye O, Gutmann DH, Semtner M, Kettenmann H, Lehnardt S. let-7 MicroRNAs Regulate Microglial Function and Suppress Glioma Growth through Toll-Like Receptor 7. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3460-3471.e7. [PMID: 31825829 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that sense pathogen- and host-derived factors, including single-stranded RNA. In the brain, let-7 microRNA (miRNA) family members are abundantly expressed, and some have recently been shown to serve as TLR7 ligands. We investigated whether let-7 miRNA family members differentially control microglia biology in health and disease. We found that a subset of let-7 miRNA family members function as signaling molecules to induce microglial release of inflammatory cytokines, modulate antigen presentation, and attenuate cell migration in a TLR7-dependent manner. The capability of the let-7 miRNAs to control microglial function is sequence specific, mapping to a let-7 UUGU motif. In human and murine glioblastoma/glioma, let-7 miRNAs are differentially expressed and reduce murine GL261 glioma growth in the same sequence-specific fashion through microglial TLR7. Taken together, these data establish let-7 miRNAs as key TLR7 signaling activators that serve to regulate the diverse functions of microglia in health and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Buonfiglioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ibrahim E Efe
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dilansu Guneykaya
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Orlowski
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Krüger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Deisz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Darko Markovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Clinics, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flüh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrew G Newman
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf C Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus Semtner
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Seija Lehnardt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Ifuku M, Hinkelmann L, Kuhrt LD, Efe IE, Kumbol V, Buonfiglioli A, Krüger C, Jordan P, Fulde M, Noda M, Kettenmann H, Lehnardt S. Activation of Toll-like receptor 5 in microglia modulates their function and triggers neuronal injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:159. [PMID: 32912327 PMCID: PMC7488138 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune-competent cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and sense both pathogen- and host-derived factors through several receptor systems including the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. Although TLR5 has previously been implicated in different CNS disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, its mode of action in the brain remained largely unexplored. We sought to determine the expression and functional consequences of TLR5 activation in the CNS. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that microglia is the major CNS cell type that constitutively expresses TLR5. Using Tlr5−/− mice and inhibitory TLR5 antibody we found that activation of TLR5 in microglial cells by its agonist flagellin, a principal protein component of bacterial flagella, triggers their release of distinct inflammatory molecules, regulates chemotaxis, and increases their phagocytic activity. Furthermore, while TLR5 activation does not affect tumor growth in an ex vivo GL261 glioma mouse model, it triggers microglial accumulation and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex in vivo. TLR5-mediated microglial function involves the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, as specific inhibitors of this signaling pathway abolish microglial activation. Taken together, our findings establish TLR5 as a modulator of microglial function and indicate its contribution to inflammatory and injurious processes in the CNS.
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Synergistic Toll-like Receptor 3/9 Signaling Affects Properties and Impairs Glioma-Promoting Activity of Microglia. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6428-6443. [PMID: 32631940 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0666-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In murine experimental glioma models, TLR3 or TLR9 activation of microglial/macrophages has been shown to impair glioma growth, which could, however, not been verified in recent clinical trials. We therefore tested whether combined TLR3 and TLR9 activation of microglia/macrophages would have a synergistic effect. Indeed, combined TLR3/TLR9 activation augmented the suppression of glioma growth in organotypic brain slices from male mice in a microglia-dependent fashion, and this synergistic suppression depended on interferon β release and phagocytic tumor clearance. Combined TLR3/TLR9 stimulation also augmented several functional features of microglia, such as the release of proinflammatory factors, motility, and phagocytosis activity. TLR3/TLR9 stimulation combined with CD47 blockade further augmented glioma clearance. Finally, we confirmed that the coactivation of TLR3/TLR9 also augments the impairment of glioma growth in vivo Our results show that combined activation of TLR3/TLR9 in microglia/macrophages results in a more efficient glioma suppression, which may provide a potential strategy for glioma treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) are the predominant immune cells in glioma growth and are recently considered as antitumor targets. TLRs are involved in glioma growth, but the TLR3 or TLR9 ligands were not successful in clinical trials in treating glioma. We therefore combined TLR3 and TLR9 activation of GAMs, resulting in a strong synergistic effect of tumor clearance in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo Mechanisms of this GAM-glioma interaction involve IFNβ signaling and increased tumor clearance by GAMs. Interfering with CD47 signaling had an additional impact on tumor clearance. We propose that these signaling pathways could be exploited as anti-glioma targets.
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34
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Experimental evidence for alpha enolase as one potential autoantigen in the pathogenesis of both autoimmune thyroiditis and its related encephalopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106563. [PMID: 32442899 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-enolase (ENO1) is a ubiquitous protein. Patients with autoimmune thyroiditis-associated encephalopathy have high serum ENO1Ab titers. We aimed to explore whether ENO1Ab was the pathogenic antibody in the thyroid and brain. The serum ENO1Ab titers were significantly increased in the mice immunized with Thyroglobulin (Tg). And in the mice immunized with ENO1, serum levels of both TgAb and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were significantly increased. Obvious CD16+ cell infiltration, IgG deposit and cleaved caspase-3 were observed in the thyroid of ENO1-immunized mice. Spatial learning and memory abilities and synaptic functions were impaired in ENO1-immunized mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of Iba-1, GFAP, interlukin-6, CDK5, and phosphorylated tau were increased, and endothelial tight junction proteins were decreased in the brain of ENO1-immunized mice. These results suggest that ENO1Ab can cause thyrocyte damage via ADCC effect and impair cerebral function by disrupting the blood-brain barrier.
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Litak J, Grochowski C, Litak J, Osuchowska I, Gosik K, Radzikowska E, Kamieniak P, Rolinski J. TLR-4 Signaling vs. Immune Checkpoints, miRNAs Molecules, Cancer Stem Cells, and Wingless-Signaling Interplay in Glioblastoma Multiforme-Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093114. [PMID: 32354122 PMCID: PMC7247696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like-receptor (TLR) family members were detected in the central nervous system (CNS). TLR occurrence was noticed and widely described in glioblastomamultiforme (GBM) cells. After ligand attachment, TLR-4 reorients domains and dimerizes, activates an intracellular cascade, and promotes further cytoplasmatic signaling. There is evidence pointing at a strong relation between TLR-4 signaling and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression. The TLR-4/miRNA interplay changes typical signaling and encourages them to be a target for modern immunotherapy. TLR-4 agonists initiate signaling and promote programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1L) expression. Most of those molecules are intensively expressed in the GBM microenvironment, resulting in the autocrine induction of regional immunosuppression. Another potential target for immunotreatment is connected with limited TLR-4 signaling that promotes Wnt/DKK-3/claudine-5 signaling, resulting in a limitation of GBM invasiveness. Interestingly, TLR-4 expression results in bordering proliferative trends in cancer stem cells (CSC) and GBM. All of these potential targets could bring new hope for patients suffering from this incurable disease. Clinical trials concerning TLR-4 signaling inhibition/promotion in many cancers are recruiting patients. There is still a lot to do in the field of GBM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John‘s Cancer Center in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ida Osuchowska
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gosik
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Rolinski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Mendoza-Reinoso V, McCauley LK, Fournier PG. Contribution of Macrophages and T Cells in Skeletal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1014. [PMID: 32326073 PMCID: PMC7226332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site for metastases with a local microenvironment that is highly conducive for tumor establishment and growth. The bone marrow is replete with myeloid and lymphoid linage cells that provide a fertile niche for metastatic cancer cells promoting their survival and growth. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages and T cells in pro- and anti-tumoral mechanisms, their interaction to support cancer cell growth, and their contribution to the development of skeletal metastases. Importantly, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting macrophages and T cells in cancer are also discussed in this review as they represent a great promise for patients suffering from incurable bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mendoza-Reinoso
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierrick G.J. Fournier
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, BC 22860, Mexico
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Gutmann DH, Kettenmann H. Microglia/Brain Macrophages as Central Drivers of Brain Tumor Pathobiology. Neuron 2020; 104:442-449. [PMID: 31697921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common brain tumors in children and adults is glioma or astrocytoma. There are few effective therapies for these cancers, and patients with malignant glioma fare poorly, even after aggressive surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Over the past decade, it is now appreciated that these tumors are composed of numerous distinct neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell populations, which could each influence overall tumor biology and response to therapy. Among these noncancerous cell types, monocytes (microglia and macrophages) predominate. In this Review, we discuss the complex interactions involving microglia and macrophages relevant to glioma formation, progression, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
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Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Leidgens V, Feliciello G, Klein CA, Hau P. Tumor Cell Invasion in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061932. [PMID: 32178267 PMCID: PMC7139341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a particularly devastating tumor with a median survival of about 16 months. Recent research has revealed novel insights into the outstanding heterogeneity of this type of brain cancer. However, all GBM subtypes share the hallmark feature of aggressive invasion into the surrounding tissue. Invasive glioblastoma cells escape surgery and focal therapies and thus represent a major obstacle for curative therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of glioma invasion mechanisms with respect to tumor-cell-intrinsic properties as well as cues provided by the microenvironment. We discuss genetic programs that may influence the dissemination and plasticity of GBM cells as well as their different invasion patterns. We also review how tumor cells shape their microenvironment and how, vice versa, components of the extracellular matrix and factors from non-neoplastic cells influence tumor cell motility. We further discuss different research platforms for modeling invasion. Finally, we highlight the importance of accounting for the complex interplay between tumor cell invasion and treatment resistance in glioblastoma when considering new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.V.-Z.); (V.L.)
| | - Verena Leidgens
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.V.-Z.); (V.L.)
| | - Giancarlo Feliciello
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.F.); (C.A.K.)
| | - Christoph A. Klein
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.F.); (C.A.K.)
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.V.-Z.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-941-8083; Fax: +49-941-941-363013
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Role of Infiltrating Microglia/Macrophages in Glioma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:281-298. [PMID: 32034719 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter we describe the state of the art knowledge of the role played by myeloid cells in promoting and supporting the growth and the invasive properties of a deadly brain tumor, glioblastoma. We provide a review of the works describing the intercellular communication among glioma and associated microglia/macrophage cells (GAMs) using in vitro cellular models derived from mice, rats and human patients and in vivo animal models using syngeneic or xenogeneic experimental systems. Special emphasis will be given to 1) the timing alteration of brain microenvironment under the influence of glioma, 2) the bidirectional communication among tumor and GAMs, 3) possible approaches to interfere with or to guide these interactions, with the aim to identify molecular and cellular targets which could revert or delay the vicious cycle that favors tumor biology.
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40
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Haage V, Elmadany N, Roll L, Faissner A, Gutmann DH, Semtner M, Kettenmann H. Tenascin C regulates multiple microglial functions involving TLR4 signaling and HDAC1. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:470-483. [PMID: 31271872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin C (Tnc) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, expressed in the CNS during development, as well as in the setting of inflammation, fibrosis and cancer, which operates as an activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Although TLR4 is highly expressed in microglia, the effect of Tnc on microglia has not been elucidated to date. Herein, we demonstrate that Tnc regulates microglial phagocytic activity at an early postnatal age (P4), and that this process is partially dependent on microglial TLR4 expression. We further show that Tnc regulates proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, chemotaxis and phagocytosis in primary microglia in a TLR4-dependent fashion. Moreover, Tnc induces histone-deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression in microglia, such that HDAC1 inhibition by MS-275 decreases Tnc-induced microglial IL-6 and TNF-α production. Finally, Tnc-/- cortical microglia have reduced HDAC1 expression levels at P4. Taken together, these findings establish Tnc as a regulator of microglia function during early postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Haage
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Nirmeen Elmadany
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Lars Roll
- Zellmorphologie und Molekulare Neurobiologie, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Wastfalen 44801, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Zellmorphologie und Molekulare Neurobiologie, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Wastfalen 44801, Germany
| | - David H Gutmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus Semtner
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
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Wang J, Leavenworth JW, Hjelmeland AB, Smith R, Patel N, Borg B, Si Y, King PH. Deletion of the RNA regulator HuR in tumor-associated microglia and macrophages stimulates anti-tumor immunity and attenuates glioma growth. Glia 2019; 67:2424-2439. [PMID: 31400163 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor that portends a poor prognosis. Its resilience, in part, is related to a remarkable capacity for manipulating the microenvironment to promote its growth and survival. Microglia/macrophages are prime targets, being drawn into the tumor and stimulated to produce factors that support tumor growth and evasion from the immune system. Here we show that the RNA regulator, HuR, plays a key role in the tumor-promoting response of microglia/macrophages. Knockout (KO) of HuR led to reduced tumor growth and proliferation associated with prolonged survival in a murine model of glioblastoma. Analysis of tumor composition by flow cytometry showed that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were decreased, more polarized toward an M1-like phenotype, and had reduced PD-L1 expression. There was an overall increase in infiltrating CD4+ cells, including Th1 and cytotoxic effector cells, and a concomitant reduction in tumor-associated polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Molecular and cellular analyses of HuR KO TAMs and cultured microglia showed changes in migration, chemoattraction, and chemokine/cytokine profiles that provide potential mechanisms for the altered tumor microenvironment and reduced tumor growth in HuR KO mice. In summary, HuR is a key modulator of pro-glioma responses by microglia/macrophages through the molecular regulation of chemokines, cytokines, and other factors. Our findings underscore the relevance of HuR as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Reed Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Neha Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ben Borg
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ying Si
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Przanowski P, Mondal SS, Cabaj A, Dębski KJ, Wojtas B, Gielniewski B, Kaza B, Kaminska B, Dabrowski M. Open chromatin landscape of rat microglia upon proinvasive or inflammatory polarization. Glia 2019; 67:2312-2328. [PMID: 31339627 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident, myeloid cells that play important roles in health and brain pathologies. Herein, we report a comprehensive, replicated, false discovery rate-controlled dataset of DNase-hypersensitive (DHS) open chromatin regions for rat microglia. We compared the open chromatin landscapes in untreated primary microglial cultures and cultures stimulated for 6 hr with either glioma-conditioned medium (GCM) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Glioma-secreted factors induce proinvasive and immunosuppressive activation of microglia, and these cells then promote tumor growth. The open chromatin landscape of the rat microglia consisted of 126,640 reproducible DHS regions, among which 2,303 and 12,357 showed a significant change in openness following stimulation with GCM or LPS, respectively. Active genes exhibited constitutively open promoters, but there was no direct dependence between the aggregated openness of DHS regions near a gene and its expression. Individual regions mapped to the same gene often presented different patterns of openness changes. GCM-regulated DHS regions were more frequent in areas away from gene bodies, while LPS-regulated regions were more frequent in introns. GCM and LPS differentially affected the openness of regions mapped to immune checkpoint genes. The two treatments differentially affected the aggregated openness of regions mapped to genes in the Toll-like receptor signaling and axon guidance pathways, suggesting that the molecular machinery used by migrating microglia is similar to that of growing axons and that modulation of these pathways is instrumental in the induction of proinvasive polarization of microglia by glioma. Our dataset of open chromatin regions paves the way for studies of gene regulation in rat microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Przanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shamba S Mondal
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cabaj
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad J Dębski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojtas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gielniewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kaza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dabrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Sharifzad F, Yasavoli‐Sharahi H, Mardpour S, Fakharian E, Nikuinejad H, Heydari Y, Mardpour S, Taghikhani A, khellat R, Vafaei S, Kiani S, Ghavami S, Łos M, Noureddini M, Ebrahimi M, Verdi J, Hamidieh AA. Neuropathological and genomic characterization of glioblastoma‐induced rat model: How similar is it to humans for targeted therapy? J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22493-22504. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Yasavoli‐Sharahi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology University of Science and Culture Tehran Iran
| | - Saeid Mardpour
- Department of Radiology Medical Imaging Center Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran Iran
- Department of Radiology Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Esmaeil Fakharian
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Hassan Nikuinejad
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center Baqiyataallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Yasaman Heydari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
- Department of Medical Physics Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Soura Mardpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
| | - Adeleh Taghikhani
- Department of Immunology, Medical School Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Reza khellat
- Shafa Hospital Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Cancer Care Manitoba University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada
| | - Marek Łos
- Biotechnology Centre Silesian Technical University of Technology Gliwice Poland
| | - Mehdi Noureddini
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
- Department of Medical Physics Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department, Children's Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Couto M, Coelho-Santos V, Santos L, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Silva AP, Gomes CMF. The interplay between glioblastoma and microglia cells leads to endothelial cell monolayer dysfunction via the interleukin-6-induced JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19750-19760. [PMID: 30937892 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, with an average life expectancy of 12-15 months. GBM is highly infiltrated by microglial cells (MG) promoting tumor growth and invasiveness. Moreover, microglia activation and subsequent neuroinflammation seem to be involved in blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction commonly observed in several central nervous system diseases, including brain tumors. Nevertheless, how the crosstalk between microglia and tumor cells interferes with BBB function is far from being clarified. Herein, we evaluated the effects of reciprocal interactions between MG and GBM cells in the barrier properties of brain endothelial cells (ECs), using an in vitro approach. The exposure of ECs to the inflammatory microenvironment mediated by MG-GBM crosstalk induced a decrease in the transendothelial electric resistance and an increase in permeability across the ECs (macromolecular flux of 4 kDa-fluorescein isothiocyanate and 70 kDa-Rhodamine B isothiocyanate-Dextran). These effects were accompanied by a downregulation of the intercellular junction proteins, β-catenin and zonula occludens. Moreover, the dynamic interaction between microglia and tumor cells triggered the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by microglia and subsequent activation of the downstream Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Interestingly, the depletion of IL-6 or the blockade of the JAK/STAT3 signaling with AG490 were able to prevent the EC hyperpermeability. Overall, we demonstrated that IL-6 released during MG-GBM crosstalk leads to barrier dysfunction through the activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway in ECs and downregulation of intercellular junction proteins. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the disruption of BBB permeability in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Couto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC. IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC. IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC. IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC. IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC. IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia M F Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC. IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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45
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Rajani KR, Carlstrom LP, Parney IF, Johnson AJ, Warrington AE, Burns TC. Harnessing Radiation Biology to Augment Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2019; 8:656. [PMID: 30854331 PMCID: PMC6395389 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common adult primary brain tumor and carries a dismal prognosis. Radiation is a standard first-line therapy, typically deployed following maximal safe surgical debulking, when possible, in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. For other systemic cancers, standard of care is being transformed by immunotherapies, including checkpoint-blocking antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, with potential for long-term remission. Ongoing studies are evaluating the role of immunotherapies for GBM. Despite dramatic responses in some cases, randomized trials to date have not met primary outcomes. Challenges have been attributed in part to the immunologically "cold" nature of glioblastoma relative to other malignancies successfully treated with immunotherapy. Radiation may serve as a mechanism to improve tumor immunogenicity. In this review, we critically evaluate current evidence regarding radiation as a synergistic facilitator of immunotherapies through modulation of both the innate and adaptive immune milieu. Although current preclinical data encourage efforts to harness synergistic biology between radiation and immunotherapy, several practical and scientific challenges remain. Moreover, insights from radiation biology may unveil additional novel opportunities to help mobilize immunity against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma R. Rajani
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lucas P. Carlstrom
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ian F. Parney
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Terry C. Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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46
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Morisse MC, Jouannet S, Dominguez-Villar M, Sanson M, Idbaih A. Interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells in glioblastoma: unraveling promising targeted therapies. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:729-737. [PMID: 30099909 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1510321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest primary malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor with a median overall survival of 15 months despite a very intensive therapeutic regimen including maximal safe surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Therefore, GBM treatment still raises major biological and therapeutic challenges. Areas covered: One of the hallmarks of the GBM is its tumor microenvironment including tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). TAM, accounting for approximately 30% of the GBM bulk cell population, may explain, at least in part, the immunosuppressive features of GBMs. The TAM are active and highly plastic immune cells and include two major ontogenetically different cell populations: (i) microglia and, (ii) monocytes-derived macrophages (MDM). TAM recruited to the tumor bulk can be reprogramed by GBM cells resulting in an ineffective anti-tumor response. Interestingly, interactions between TAM and GBM cells promote tumor oncogenesis (i.e. tumor cells proliferation and migration/invasion). This review aims to explore TAM targeting in GBM as a promising therapeutic option in the near future. Expert Commentary: A better understanding of TAM-GBM interactions and dynamics will certainly uncover new anti-GBM therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mony Chenda Morisse
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP , Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix , Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris , France.,b Department of Medical Oncology , CHU Sud , Amiens , France
| | - Stéphanie Jouannet
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP , Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix , Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris , France
| | | | - Marc Sanson
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP , Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix , Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris , France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP , Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix , Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris , France
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47
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Matias D, Balça-Silva J, da Graça GC, Wanjiru CM, Macharia LW, Nascimento CP, Roque NR, Coelho-Aguiar JM, Pereira CM, Dos Santos MF, Pessoa LS, Lima FRS, Schanaider A, Ferrer VP, Moura-Neto V. Microglia/Astrocytes-Glioblastoma Crosstalk: Crucial Molecular Mechanisms and Microenvironmental Factors. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:235. [PMID: 30123112 PMCID: PMC6086063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the functions of glial cells, namely, astrocytes and microglia, have gained prominence in several diseases of the central nervous system, especially in glioblastoma (GB), the most malignant primary brain tumor that leads to poor clinical outcomes. Studies showed that microglial cells or astrocytes play a critical role in promoting GB growth. Based on the recent findings, the complex network of the interaction between microglial/astrocytes cells and GB may constitute a potential therapeutic target to overcome tumor malignancy. In the present review, we summarize the most important mechanisms and functions of the molecular factors involved in the microglia or astrocytes-GB interactions, which is particularly the alterations that occur in the cell's extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. We overview the cytokines, chemokines, neurotrophic, morphogenic, metabolic factors, and non-coding RNAs actions crucial to these interactions. We have also discussed the most recent studies regarding the mechanisms of transportation and communication between microglial/astrocytes - GB cells, namely through the ABC transporters or by extracellular vesicles. Lastly, we highlight the therapeutic challenges and improvements regarding the crosstalk between these glial cells and GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matias
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana Balça-Silva
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Grazielle C da Graça
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Wanjiru
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucy W Macharia
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Pires Nascimento
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia R Roque
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Coelho-Aguiar
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos F Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Pessoa
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia R S Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Schanaider
- Centro de Cirurgia Experimental do Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria P Ferrer
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Universidade do Grande Rio (Unigranrio), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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48
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Zhang X, Lu Y, Wu Q, Dai H, Li W, Lv S, Zhou X, Zhang X, Hang C, Wang J. Astaxanthin mitigates subarachnoid hemorrhage injury primarily by increasing sirtuin 1 and inhibiting the Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling pathway. FASEB J 2018; 33:722-737. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800642rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing University Nanjing China
- Department of AnesthesiologyCritical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of NeurosurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of NeurosurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Shengyin Lv
- Department of NeurosurgeryJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryChangzheng HospitalSchool of MedicineSecond Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyCritical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Chunhua Hang
- Department of NeurosurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyCritical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
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49
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Chen Y, Tan W, Wang C. Tumor-associated macrophage-derived cytokines enhance cancer stem-like characteristics through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3817-3826. [PMID: 30013362 PMCID: PMC6038883 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a small population of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation and are an important source of cancer initiation, treatment resistance, and recurrence. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial phenotype and convert to mesenchymal cells. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells undergoing EMT can become stem-like cells. Many kinds of tumors are associated with chronic inflammation, which plays a role in tumor progression. Among the various immune cells mediating chronic inflammation, macrophages account for ~30%-50% of the tumor mass. Macrophages are highly infiltrative in the tumor microenvironment and secrete a series of inflammatory factors and cytokines, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which promote EMT and enhance the stemness of cancer cells. This review summarizes and discusses recent research findings on some specific mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophage-derived cytokines in EMT and cancer stemness transition, which are emerging targets of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Chen
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China, .,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wei Tan
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Changjun Wang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China, .,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China,
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50
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Zhang S, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang C. Interplay between inflammatory tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:679-686. [PMID: 29963133 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have a close connection with tumor microenvironment, play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. The inflammatory microenvironment is an essential component of tumor microenvironment. In the recent years, many studies have demonstrated that the inflammatory microenvironment induces the initiation of tumors, and contributes to the process of the progression of tumors, as well as metastasis. In this review, we summarize the relationship between CSCs and inflammatory components, such as inflammatory cytokines (IFNs, TNF, IL-6, IL-17) and inflammatory cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages). To illuminate the key factors that exert important actions in the tumor process would be important to improve the clinical outcome of the treatment for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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