1
|
Chung S, Lai J, Hawkey EJ, Dvorsky MR, Owens E, Huston E, Pfiffner LJ. Feasibility study of a telehealth school-based behavioral parent training group program for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr Psychol 2024:jsae060. [PMID: 39186568 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of Telehealth Behavioral Parent Training (T-BPT), a school telehealth group intervention for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a companion training program for school clinicians. METHODS T-BPT was developed in an iterative three-phase design in partnership with community stakeholders during the COVID-19 pandemic. School clinicians (N = 4) delivered T-BPT over 8 weeks to parents (N = 21, groups of 5-6 per school) of children (Grades 2-5) with ADHD while simultaneously receiving training and consultation from PhD-level study trainers. A single-arm open trial was used to assess feasibility, engagement, and preliminary efficacy. RESULTS Parents and school clinicians endorsed high feasibility, acceptability, and usability of T-BPT. Parent attendance was high (M = 94.6%) and a majority of parents (66.7%) attended all eight sessions. Preliminary outcomes indicate moderate to large reductions in parent-reported ADHD symptoms (ω2 = .36), functional and clinical global impairment (ω2s= .21 and .19, respectively), and distance learning challenges (ω2 = .22). CONCLUSIONS Results were in line with in-person delivery, indicating promising feasibility of school telehealth BPT groups. This study also provided further support for the feasibility of the remote training model for school clinicians. Implications of the commonly endorsed barriers and benefits beyond COVID-19 and relevance to under resourced communities are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chung
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jasmine Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Hawkey
- Mental Health/Substance Use Disorder Group, Providence Hood River Memorial Hospital, Hood River, OR, United States
| | - Melissa R Dvorsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Owens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emma Huston
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, PGSP Stanford PsyD Consortium, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Linda J Pfiffner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fang Z, Martin M, Copeland L, Evans R, Shenderovich Y. Parenting Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of the Rationales, Process, Feasibility, Acceptability, and Impacts of Adaptation. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241266183. [PMID: 39082191 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241266183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Evidence shows that parenting interventions are an effective method of reducing caregiver-perpetrated child maltreatment. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has changed the provision of parenting interventions worldwide, with many interventions adapting to continue providing services during the crisis. This global systematic review examined how parenting interventions targeting child maltreatment and its risk and protective factors were adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic. We searched for studies published between 2020 and 2022 and identified 31 eligible studies. The data on the rationale, process, feasibility, acceptability, and impacts of adaptations were narratively synthesized in accordance with the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-Based Interventions. Results showed that most adaptations were proactive and focused on delivery methods, predominantly digitalization. While feasibility and acceptability were generally observed, the impacts of adapted programs were inconclusive. Inadequate reporting, especially regarding rationale, fidelity, facilitator capacity building, stakeholder involvement, and decision-making processes, was noted. The review recommends enhanced planning, documentation, and reporting of program adaptations using established guidelines, as well as process and impact evaluations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cavallini MC, Caravita SCS, Fandrem H. Feasibility and Early Outcomes of a Parent Training Intervention to Engage Parents in Children's Media Education. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2130. [PMID: 37570371 PMCID: PMC10418340 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of parents in mediating adolescents' Internet use is documented by many studies in the literature. Very few, however, regard interventions to support parents in this role. We wanted to assess the feasibility and the early outcomes of an Internet-based parent educational group course aimed to support parents in adolescents' media education. The intervention was conducted with two different groups of parents (N = 20, 75% women; mean age = 46.9 y; SD = 6.3) at different time-points. The intervention included five sessions, during which information about parental mediation strategies was provided and practical exercises based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) approach were proposed. The intervention generated greater awareness, openness and flexibility and increased parental familiarity with technological devices. Overall, the proposed web-based and group-based parent training model has shown good feasibility and promising early outcomes in supporting parents as Internet mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Carla Silvia Caravita
- Norwegian Centre for Learning Environment, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; (S.C.S.C.); (H.F.)
| | - Hildegunn Fandrem
- Norwegian Centre for Learning Environment, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; (S.C.S.C.); (H.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cavallo M, Pedroli E, Cantoia M, McGrath B, Cecchetti S. Attitudes of Mental Health Professionals towards Telepsychology during the Pandemic: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111542. [PMID: 37297682 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study investigated mental health professionals' attitudes towards remote psychological consultations and internet-based interventions. METHODS An online survey in Italian and English was administered to a sample of 191 psychologists and psychotherapists to collect detailed information about their professional experience providing online psychological interventions a year and a half after the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. RESULTS The results did not reveal a statistically significant association between the participants' theoretical approaches and the number of patients treated via the online modality. Overall, most of the participants found advantages to the online setting but also noted critical issues regarding privacy and the ease of integrating new technology into their clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS According to the participants, despite the challenges that must be addressed, telehealth is a viable psychological therapeutic option that is destined to grow in importance in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavallo
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, CO, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Service, Saint George Foundation, 12030 Cavallermaggiore, CN, Italy
| | - Elisa Pedroli
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, CO, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuropsychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20135 Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Manuela Cantoia
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, CO, Italy
| | - Breeda McGrath
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL 60601, USA
| | - Sonja Cecchetti
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, CO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Merrill BM, Monopoli WJ, Rejman E, Fabiano GA. Supporting Parents of Children with ADHD During COVID-19 School Closures: A Multiple-Baseline Trial of Behavioral Parent Training for Home Learning. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 15:1-14. [PMID: 36777457 PMCID: PMC9899333 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-023-09569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, schools rapidly changed from in-class instruction to remote learning. Parent involvement and management of the home learning situation was greatly emphasized, and this presented challenges and opportunities for parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There was an urgent need for effective parent support in the home learning situation, particularly for parents of youth with ADHD. The current study implemented a behavioral parent training (BPT) program, an evidence-based intervention for childhood ADHD, modified to target home learning and be delivered via telehealth. The intervention was evaluated in a multiple baseline trial across families of youth with ADHD (n = 3). The primary outcome was daily, parent-reported academic engagement during home learning. Parents also completed daily ratings of their child's respectful and disruptive behavior, and remote, home observations of academic tasks were recorded at baseline and post-treatment. Based on visual analysis of baseline, treatment and post-treatment daily ratings, two of the three participants had a positive response to treatment indicated by improved academic engagement. These findings provide preliminary support for the home-learning, telehealth-delivered BPT program in supporting families during the COVID pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12310-023-09569-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M. Merrill
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 4600 Main Street, Suite 101, Buffalo, NY 14226 USA
| | - W. John Monopoli
- Department of Psychology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA 17837 USA
| | - Emilea Rejman
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 4600 Main Street, Suite 101, Buffalo, NY 14226 USA
| | - Gregory A. Fabiano
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 4600 Main Street, Suite 101, Buffalo, NY 14226 USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shenderovich Y, Sacolo-Gwebu H, Fang Z, Lachman J, Cluver L, Ward C. Adaptations and staff experiences in delivering parenting programmes and other family support services in three community-based organisations in Cape Town, South Africa during the COVID pandemic. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2129725. [PMID: 36342401 PMCID: PMC10802685 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2129725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We explore how organisations working on parenting programmes and other types of family support and violence prevention in low-resource settings experienced the pandemic. In August 2020-May 2021, we interviewed (1) staff from three community-based organisations delivering evidence-informed parenting interventions and other psychosocial services for families in Cape Town, South Africa, (2) staff from a parenting programme training organisation and (3) staff from two international organisations supporting psychosocial services in South Africa. Interviews (22) were thematically analysed, with findings in three areas. First, respondents noted changes in the context, including the job losses, food insecurity, and stress experienced by local communities, and reductions in organisational funding. Second, we found that in response to these context changes, the organisations shifted their focus to food provision and COVID prevention. Parenting and psychosocial programmes were adapted - e.g. by changing the physical delivery settings, reducing group sizes, and taking up digital and phone implementation. Participants reported improved perceptions of remote delivery as a feasible approach for working with families - but internet and phone access remained challenging. Third, the pandemic brought new responsibilities for staff, and both the challenges of working from home and the health risks of in-person work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Shenderovich
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Zuyi Fang
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jamie Lachman
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lucie Cluver
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Ward
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Williams TS, Burek B, Deotto A, Ford MK, Green R, Wade SL. Pandemic Perils and Promise: Implementation of a Virtual Parenting Intervention during COVID-19 among Children with Early Neurological Conditions. Dev Neurorehabil 2022; 25:505-517. [PMID: 35918818 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2099996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a telepsychological positive parenting intervention (I-InTERACT-North, Internet-basedInteracting Together Everyday: Recovery After Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury) during the COVID-19 pandemic among Canadian families of children at-risk for neurodevelopmental challenges given congenital or neonatal conditions. I-InTERACT-North was developed to improve behavioral and emotional outcomes in children with neurological conditions by utilizing and adapting parenting strategies from several established family-focused programmes. METHODS A pragmatic prospective pre-post single-site pilot study design was used to assess feasibility, acceptabilty, and preliminary efficacy of I-InTERACT North during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Thirty-five families of children ages three to nine years were referred between March 2020 and January 2021. Eighteen families enrolled, and 12 (67% adherence) completed the programme. Parents reported strong therapeutic alliance and programme acceptability with barriers due to competing time demands. Therapists reported high acceptability but perceived parental burnout. Parenting confidence (d = 0.70), and child behavior (d = 1.30) improved following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate the programme's value to families during the pandemic, while underscoring unique participation barriers. Future research and clinicial implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tricia S Williams
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brittany Burek
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Deotto
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan K Ford
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rivka Green
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shari L Wade
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen CY, Chen JS, Lin CY, Hsiao RC, Tsai CS, Yen CF. Difficulties in Managing Children's Learning among Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Association with Worsened Behavioral and Emotional Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13722. [PMID: 36360603 PMCID: PMC9659146 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
School closures during the COVID-19 pandemic have interfered with children's learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the difficulties in managing children's learning at home and attending afterschool learning programs and their related factors among caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 252 caregivers of children with ADHD completed a questionnaire collecting difficulties in managing children's learning, parenting styles, children's worsened symptoms of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and emotion, and increased Internet use. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the factors related to caregiver difficulties in managing children's learning and children's worsened ADHD, ODD, and emotional symptoms. In total, 85.3% of the caregivers had difficulty in asking their children to learn at home; 28.2% had difficulty in taking children to afterschool learning programs. Children's worsened anger was significantly associated with higher caregiver difficulty in asking children to learn at home, whereas parental overprotection was significantly associated with lower caregiver difficulty in asking children to learn at home. Worsened hyperactivity and opposition were significantly associated with higher caregiver difficulty in taking children to attend afterschool learning programs. Interventions for enhancing caregivers' skills to manage children's learning and children's behavioral and emotional symptoms should take the related factors found in this study into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatric, New Taipei City Tucheng Hospital (Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ray C. Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98295, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ching-Shu Tsai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schlief M, Saunders KRK, Appleton R, Barnett P, Vera San Juan N, Foye U, Olive RR, Machin K, Shah P, Chipp B, Lyons N, Tamworth C, Persaud K, Badhan M, Black CA, Sin J, Riches S, Graham T, Greening J, Pirani F, Griffiths R, Jeynes T, McCabe R, Lloyd-Evans B, Simpson A, Needle JJ, Trevillion K, Johnson S. Synthesis of the Evidence on What Works for Whom in Telemental Health: Rapid Realist Review. Interact J Med Res 2022; 11:e38239. [PMID: 35767691 PMCID: PMC9524537 DOI: 10.2196/38239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemental health (delivering mental health care via video calls, telephone calls, or SMS text messages) is becoming increasingly widespread. Telemental health appears to be useful and effective in providing care to some service users in some settings, especially during an emergency restricting face-to-face contact, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, important limitations have been reported, and telemental health implementation risks the reinforcement of pre-existing inequalities in service provision. If it is to be widely incorporated into routine care, a clear understanding is needed of when and for whom it is an acceptable and effective approach and when face-to-face care is needed. OBJECTIVE This rapid realist review aims to develop a theory about which telemental health approaches work (or do not work), for whom, in which contexts, and through what mechanisms. METHODS Rapid realist reviewing involves synthesizing relevant evidence and stakeholder expertise to allow timely development of context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations in areas where evidence is urgently needed to inform policy and practice. The CMO configurations encapsulate theories about what works for whom and by what mechanisms. Sources included eligible papers from 2 previous systematic reviews conducted by our team on telemental health; an updated search using the strategy from these reviews; a call for relevant evidence, including "gray literature," to the public and key experts; and website searches of relevant voluntary and statutory organizations. CMO configurations formulated from these sources were iteratively refined, including through discussions with an expert reference group, including researchers with relevant lived experience and frontline clinicians, and consultation with experts focused on three priority groups: children and young people, users of inpatient and crisis care services, and digitally excluded groups. RESULTS A total of 108 scientific and gray literature sources were included. From our initial CMO configurations, we derived 30 overarching CMO configurations within four domains: connecting effectively; flexibility and personalization; safety, privacy, and confidentiality; and therapeutic quality and relationship. Reports and stakeholder input emphasized the importance of personal choice, privacy and safety, and therapeutic relationships in telemental health care. The review also identified particular service users likely to be disadvantaged by telemental health implementation and a need to ensure that face-to-face care of equivalent timeliness remains available. Mechanisms underlying the successful and unsuccessful application of telemental health are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Service user choice, privacy and safety, the ability to connect effectively, and fostering strong therapeutic relationships need to be prioritized in delivering telemental health care. Guidelines and strategies coproduced with service users and frontline staff are needed to optimize telemental health implementation in real-world settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); CRD42021260910; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021260910.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merle Schlief
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine R K Saunders
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Appleton
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe Barnett
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norha Vera San Juan
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Una Foye
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Rowan Olive
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Machin
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prisha Shah
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beverley Chipp
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Lyons
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Tamworth
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Persaud
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Badhan
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie-Ann Black
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Sin
- Centre for Mental Health Research, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Riches
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Graham
- Centre for Anxiety Disorders & Trauma, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Greening
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farida Pirani
- Psychological Medicine & Older Adult Directorate, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raza Griffiths
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamar Jeynes
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rose McCabe
- Centre for Mental Health Research, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Simpson
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin J Needle
- Centre for Health Services Research, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kylee Trevillion
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Johnson
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van Leuven L, Lalouni M, Forster M. "Will it Work as Well on Zoom?" A Natural Experiment During the Covid-19 Pandemic of Delivering Parenting Groups Via Video Conferencing or in Person. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 32:67-80. [PMID: 35965634 PMCID: PMC9358366 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While rates of child maltreatment increased during the Covid-19-pandemic, face-to-face interventions to support families got difficult to carry out due to restrictions. Meanwhile, many services do not have access to parenting programs designed for digital or remote delivery. A solution employed by some services was to use video conferencing (VC) to deliver their regular parenting programs. This study examined the effectiveness of the universal group-based parenting program ABC offered through VC instead of on-site meetings during the pandemic. Pre and post measurements were collected from 469 parents participating in either 1) ABC with VC meetings only, 2) on-site meetings only, or 3) blended - a combination of VC and on-site sessions. In addition, 74 group leaders completed a survey about their experiences of VC groups. Analyses showed general improvements in parent practices and child conduct over time, but no differences in effectiveness depending on the format of the parent group (VC, blended, or on-site). Qualitative analyses of group leaders' experiences revealed four key-themes pertaining to both challenges (e.g., concerns about parents' ability to benefit and learn parenting skills) and benefits (e.g., reaching parents who would not have been able to attend physical meetings) of VC groups. Overall, this study showed no significant differences in outcomes between the VC, blended, or on-site format of delivery. There are however limitations of this trial, and results should be considered preliminary. Effectiveness and potential negative consequences of replacing interventions intended to be delivered on-site with VC alternatives need to be further investigated in future trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia van Leuven
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Lalouni
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Martin Forster
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adapting PCIT-Health for Telehealth Delivery: A Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148352. [PMID: 35886202 PMCID: PMC9317098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, children’s physical health and access to mental health resources have been two critical concerns. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Health (PCIT-Health) is a treatment model aimed at helping parents manage children’s general behavior and their behavior in obesogenic contexts (screen time and mealtime). Due to social distancing guidelines, PCIT-Health was adapted for remote delivery through video conferencing. In this article, we describe the experience of implementing virtual PCIT-Health with a family. The family’s progress through treatment is described, along with the challenges associated with remote service delivery and how those challenges were addressed. Progress through treatment was measured with questionnaires administered to caregivers and with observational measures of parent-child interactions. The results from these measures indicate that caregivers experienced a reduction in stress and improvements in their child’s behavior after PCIT-Health completion. They also reported engaging in healthier management of their child’s screen time and mealtime behaviors. As coded from observational assessments, parents increased their use of positive parenting practices. Telehealth-delivered PCIT-Health is a promising treatment modality for increasing parenting skills and improving child behavior.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rosenthal E, Franklin-Gillette S, Jung HJ, Nelson A, Evans SW, Power TJ, Yerys BE, Dever BV, Reckner E, DuPaul GJ. Impact of COVID-19 on Youth With ADHD: Predictors and Moderators of Response to Pandemic Restrictions on Daily Life. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1223-1234. [PMID: 34920689 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211063641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined COVID-19 symptoms and infection rates, disruptions to functioning, and moderators of pandemic response for 620 youth with ADHD and 614 individually matched controls (70% male; Mage = 12.4) participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. There were no group differences in COVID-19 infection rate; however, youth with ADHD were more likely to exhibit COVID-19 symptoms (d = 0.25), greater sleep problems (d = -0.52), fear and negative emotions to infection risk (d = -0.56), trouble with remote learning (d = -0.54), rule-breaking behavior related to COVID-19 restrictions (d = -0.23), family conflict (d = -0.13), and were less prepared for the next school year (d = 0.38). Youth with ADHD were less responsive to protective environmental variables (e.g., parental monitoring, school engagement) during the pandemic and may need more specialized support with return to in-person schooling and daily activities.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vogel LK, Yeo V. “It’s Not a Cookie-Cutter Scenario Anymore”: the COVID-19 Pandemic and Transitioning to Virtual Work. JOURNAL OF POLICY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2022. [PMCID: PMC8886194 DOI: 10.1007/s42972-022-00050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced human services agencies, including child support agencies, to find ways to continue providing services. Many agencies considered changes to where and how staff work, in addition to new modalities for service provision. This paper explores how five Wisconsin child support agencies approached staff work arrangements and service delivery during the pandemic; challenges and opportunities encountered; changes agencies expect to persist; and implications for policy and practice. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with child support directors and staff in five Wisconsin counties between January and February, 2021. Data were analyzed thematically. Despite limited information and little prior experience working virtually, county agencies rapidly adapted staff work arrangements and service delivery methods to facilitate service continuity. Strategies used by agencies varied across counties, given local directives, resources, and constraints, and as the pandemic evolved. Despite variation, counties contended with a similar array of decision points, including changes to physical spaces, office closures, and staff work locations. Agencies also implemented creative strategies to connect with customers and keep services accessible. Findings suggest that innovative combinations of traditional and newer methods can help agencies maximize reach. Further, the infrastructure and experiences counties gained by working in new ways offer increased flexibility and improved capacity for service continuity in the future. Policymakers could support these efforts by providing guidance related to confidentiality and data security; supporting and facilitating crisis contingency planning; coordinating information exchanges; procuring technology and resources; and advocating for infrastructure, particularly broadband internet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Klein Vogel
- Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, WI 53706 Madison, USA
| | - Vee Yeo
- Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, WI 53706 Madison, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee JI, Hsiao RC, Tsai CS, Yen CF. Caregivers' Difficulty in Managing Smartphone Use of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relationships with Caregiver and Children Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095194. [PMID: 35564588 PMCID: PMC9104195 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the difficulty encountered by caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in managing children’s smartphone use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the caregiver- and children-related factors that influence this difficulty. In total, 252 caregivers of children with ADHD were recruited into this study. The caregivers completed a research questionnaire to provide data regarding the difficulty they encountered in managing the smartphone use of children during the COVID-19 pandemic, their general mental health and parenting styles, and the ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms of the children they are caring for. The results indicated that almost 45% of the caregivers of children with ADHD sometimes or often found it difficult to manage the smartphone use of children with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the caregivers, a short duration of education, poor general mental health, unaffectionate/uncaring and overprotective parenting styles, older children, and inattention and ODD symptoms were significantly associated with increased difficulty in managing their children’s smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic. On the basis of the relevant factors identified in this study, an intervention should be developed to enhance the skills of caregivers of children with ADHD with respect to the management of children’s smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-In Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ray C. Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
| | - Ching-Shu Tsai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-S.T.); (C.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8751) (C.-S.T.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 6816) (C.-F.Y.); Fax: +886-7-7326817 (C.-S.T.); +886-7-3134761 (C.-F.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-S.T.); (C.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8751) (C.-S.T.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 6816) (C.-F.Y.); Fax: +886-7-7326817 (C.-S.T.); +886-7-3134761 (C.-F.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tessarollo V, Scarpellini F, Costantino I, Cartabia M, Canevini MP, Bonati M. Distance Learning in Children with and without ADHD: A Case-control Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:902-914. [PMID: 34388941 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211027640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research involved the parents of ADHD students to explore how their children coped with online distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic and what implications this schooling method had on their emotional and behavioral well-being. METHOD Data were collected during lockdown using an online questionnaire addressed to 100 mothers and were compared with 184 matched controls from a national survey launched in the same period. RESULTS Attention span, spontaneous commitment, and autonomy in distance learning was found to be more limited in ADHD group. Compared to controls, 21.7% of ADHD students were not assessed and 40.9% did not receive grades. Behavioral changes were reported in both groups (64.2%), represented mainly by restlessness, aggressiveness, and anxiety. CONCLUSION Distance education increases academic difficulties, especially in ADHD pupils. The effects of lockdown should be adequately evaluated upon school reopening and appropriate recovery interventions should be planned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Massimo Cartabia
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Bonati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Preparing Families for Evidence-Based Treatment of ADHD: Development of Bootcamp for ADHD. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Luberto CM, Perez GK, Finkelstein-Fox L, Millstein RA, Fell L, Chad-Friedman E, Park ER, Kuhlthau KA. Acceptability of a Virtual Mind-Body Intervention for Parents of Children With Autism or Learning Disabilities. Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:21649561211047804. [PMID: 34917419 PMCID: PMC8669114 DOI: 10.1177/21649561211047804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Parents of children with learning/attentional disabilities (LAD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at elevated risk for chronic stress. Types of stress and treatment needs differ between these parent groups. We adapted our evidence-based mind–body intervention (SMART-3RP) for parents of children with LAD and ASD, delivered via videoconferencing. Preliminary results from our two wait-list randomized pilot trials suggest the programs were feasible and efficacious. To gain an in-depth understanding of acceptability, the purpose of this secondary analysis from the RCTs is to (1) explore feedback regarding the virtual SMART-3RP and (2) compare feedback across LAD and ASD parents. Methods Participants were randomized to immediate or delayed SMART-3RP (separate groups for LAD and ASD) and completed a feedback questionnaire post-intervention (N = 33 LAD, N = 37 ASD; 93% female, 93% white, Mage = 45.52, SD = 6.50). Results Participants reported the intervention had the right number of sessions (69%), session duration (83%), and amount of structure (83%). They felt comfortable during sessions (89%) and found mind–body skills helpful (89%). There were no significant differences between parent groups other than a trend for more ASD parents reporting sessions were too long (22% ASD vs. 6% LAD, X2 = 5.67, p =0.06). Qualitative themes were similar across parents and included that video delivery had some technical challenges but enabled participation; group support and mind–body skills were helpful; and further SMART-3RP sessions or therapy is needed. Conclusion LAD and ASD parents found a synchronous video-based mind–body resiliency program acceptable. Technology limitations notwithstanding, online delivery was very satisfactory and overcame obstacles to participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Luberto
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giselle K Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucy Finkelstein-Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel A Millstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucy Fell
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Chad-Friedman
- Department of Psychiatry, Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Elyse R Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen A Kuhlthau
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sullivan ADW, Forehand R, Acosta J, Parent J, Comer JS, Loiselle R, Jones DJ. COVID-19 and the Acceleration of Behavioral Parent Training Telehealth: Current Status and Future Directions. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2021; 28:618-629. [PMID: 34629838 PMCID: PMC8488182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated social distancing guidelines have accelerated the telehealth transition in mental health. For those providing Behavioral Parent Training (BPT), this transition has called for moving sessions that are traditionally clinic-based, active, and directive to engaging, supporting, and treating families of children with behavior disorders remotely in their homes. Whereas many difficulties accompany this transition, the lessons learned during the current public health crisis have the potential to transform BPT service delivery on a large scale in ways that address many of its long-standing limitations. We describe both challenges and opportunities and consider the possibilities inherent in a large scale BPT service delivery model capable of increasing the reach and impact of evidence-based treatment for all families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Acosta
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University
| | - Justin Parent
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University
| | - Jonathan S Comer
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Poor Mental Health in Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Relationships with Caregivers' Difficulties in Managing the Children's Behaviors and Worsened Psychological Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189745. [PMID: 34574669 PMCID: PMC8470011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has thrown out a challenge to caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study examined the factors related to the poor general mental health state of the caregivers of children with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic, including (1) difficulties of caregivers in asking their child to adopt protective behaviors against COVID-19, (2) difficulties of caregivers in managing the child’s daily performance, and (3) worsened psychological symptoms in children. In total, 161 caregivers completed an online questionnaire to provide data regarding their general mental health state and difficulties in asking their child with ADHD to adopt protective behaviors against COVID-19 and in managing the child’s after-school learning, sleep routine, and internet use, as well as worsened psychological symptoms. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that caregivers’ difficulties in managing ADHD children’s self-protective behaviors and after-school learning and the children’s worsened emotional symptoms were significantly associated with poor caregiver general mental health state. An intervention that enhances the mental health of caregivers of children with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic by addressing their difficulties in managing the children’s behaviors and psychological problems is warranted.
Collapse
|
20
|
Drieves AA. Case Examples and Process-Oriented Questions in Teletherapy with Couples and Families. FAMILY PROCESS 2021; 60:1048-1061. [PMID: 34189727 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper shares learned experiences in teletherapy (also called tele-mental-health, remote video therapy, and virtual therapy) with couples and families. It aims to enhance teletherapy practice with couples and families by providing tools for screening and coaching. The paper describes common pitfalls in teletherapy with couples and families and how to avoid or address them, describes the opportunities for added insight when engaging couples and families in teletherapy from their homes, provides concrete interventions in the form of process-focused questions which therapists can draw from, and provides case examples. The case examples and process-oriented questions focus on four areas: screening, logistical coaching of technology, using the family's meeting place to learn about the family, and avoiding pitfalls.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hollingdale J, Adamo N, Tierney K. Impact of COVID-19 for people living and working with ADHD: A brief review of the literature. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:581-597. [PMID: 34786421 PMCID: PMC8568596 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 lockdowns have changed the social and environmental context. Those with ADHD are more vulnerable to experiencing difficulties than their non-ADHD peers. This paper attempts to provide a brief summary of the literature that has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A literature search was completed using the following databases; Embase, Ovid Medline, APA PsycInfo. A total of 36 papers were identified as relevant to the topic. RESULTS The pandemic has exacerbated the core symptoms of ADHD and co-occurring difficulties. Services have adapted their assessment and intervention protocols for tele-health working and findings suggest that tele-interventions present a viable alternative. However, much of this research utilises small sample sizes and a restricted number of population groups. CONCLUSIONS More research is required to determine the effectiveness of ADHD care during the pandemic and whether adaptations will be retained post-pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoletta Adamo
- SCAAND Department, Michael Rutter Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Tierney
- SCAAND Department, Michael Rutter Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wade M, Prime H, Johnson D, May SS, Jenkins JM, Browne DT. The disparate impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of female and male caregivers. Soc Sci Med 2021; 275:113801. [PMID: 33713927 PMCID: PMC9756753 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caregiver mental health is crucial to the wellbeing of children. This is most apparent when caregivers face high levels of stress or life adversity. To study this phenomenon in the current global context, this study examined the relation between stress/disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health of female and male caregivers. Pre-pandemic childhood adversity was considered as a moderator of this association. A multi-national sample (United Kingdom, 76%; United States, 19%; Canada, 4%, and Australia, 1%) was recruited in May 2020, of whom 348 female and 143 male caregivers of 5-18 year-old children provided data on the constructs of interest. At this time, caregivers reported on their history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and COVID stress/disruption. About two months later (July 2020) caregiver mental health was evaluated. We examined differences between female and male caregivers on ACEs, COVID stress/disruption, and mental health (distress, anxiety, substance use, and posttraumatic stress). Main and interactive effects of ACEs and COVID stress/disruption on each mental health outcome were examined. Female caregivers reported higher COVID stress/disruption, more ACEs, and greater distress, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms compared to male caregivers. Among female caregivers, higher COVID stress/disruption and more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) independently predicted all mental health outcomes, consistent with a stress accumulation model. Among male caregivers, a pattern of interactions between COVID stress/disruption and ACEs suggested that the effects of COVID stress/disruption on mental health was stronger for those with higher ACEs, especially for substance use, consistent with a stress sensitization model. Higher levels of stress and mental health difficulties among female caregivers suggests a disproportionate burden due to pandemic-related disruption compared to male caregivers. Findings speak to the disparate effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of female compared to male caregivers, and the role of pre-existing vulnerabilities in shaping current adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wade
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Heather Prime
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Johnson
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shealyn S May
- Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Jenkins
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dillon T Browne
- Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pecor KW, Barbayannis G, Yang M, Johnson J, Materasso S, Borda M, Garcia D, Garla V, Ming X. Quality of Life Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Caregivers of Children with ADHD and/or ASD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3667. [PMID: 33915884 PMCID: PMC8037979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented many challenges to caregivers of children. Families with children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are an understudied but potentially vulnerable population to changes during the outbreak. As such, the aim of this study was to contrast quality of life for caregivers of children with ADHD and/or ASD, before and during the pandemic, compared to caregivers of neurotypical (NT) children. Total, Parent Health-Related Quality of Life, and Family Functioning Summary Scores from the Family Impact Module of the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM were contrasted among caregivers of children with ADHD, ASD, comorbid ADHD and ASD, and NT development. For all scores, caregivers of ADHD and/or ASD children reported lower quality of life, both before and during the pandemic, in comparison to caregivers of NT children. For all diagnoses, quality of life decreased during the pandemic, but caregivers of children with ADHD and/or ASD reported a greater decrease in quality of life than caregivers for NT children. There are limitations to this study in terms of the composition of the sample and the survey methodology, but we are able to conclude that caregivers of children with ADHD and/or ASD have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic, and it is imperative that these families receive additional resources and support to improve their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith W. Pecor
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA;
| | - Georgia Barbayannis
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (G.B.); (J.J.); (D.G.)
| | - Max Yang
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Jacklyn Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (G.B.); (J.J.); (D.G.)
| | - Sarah Materasso
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Mauricio Borda
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA;
| | - Disleidy Garcia
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (G.B.); (J.J.); (D.G.)
| | - Varsha Garla
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Xue Ming
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (G.B.); (J.J.); (D.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Children and Adolescents with Disabilities and Exposure to Disasters, Terrorism, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Scoping Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:80. [PMID: 34643813 PMCID: PMC8511280 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews the empirical literature on exposures to disaster or terrorism and their impacts on the health and well-being of children with disabilities and their families since the last published update in 2017. We also review the literature on studies examining the mental health and functioning of children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS Few studies have examined the effects of disaster or terrorism on children with disabilities. Research shows that children with disabilities and their families have higher levels of disaster exposure, lower levels of disaster preparedness, and less recovery support due to longstanding discriminatory practices. Similarly, many reports of the COVID-19 pandemic have documented its negative and disproportionate impacts on children with disabilities and their families. In the setting of climate change, environmental disasters are expected to increase in frequency and severity. Future studies identifying mitigating factors to disasters, including COVID-19; increasing preparedness on an individual, community, and global level; and evaluating post-disaster trauma-informed treatment practices are imperative to support the health and well-being of children with disabilities and their families.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ros-DeMarize R, Chung P, Stewart R. Pediatric behavioral telehealth in the age of COVID-19: Brief evidence review and practice considerations. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2021; 51:100949. [PMID: 33436319 PMCID: PMC8049735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2021.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Considerable efforts over the last decade have been placed on harnessing technology to improve access to behavioral health services. These efforts have exponentially risen since the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has prompted a move to novel systems of care, largely based on telehealth delivery. This article aims to provide a broad review of evidence for telehealth assessment and treatment of externalizing disorders and internalizing disorders in children and discuss practice considerations and established guidelines for telehealth delivery. Existing literature supports the promise of behavioral health interventions including behavioral parent training and combination approaches for externalizing disorders as well as cognitive-behavioral based interventions for internalizing disorders. There is a scarcity of work on assessment via telehealth compared with the available treatment literature. While treatment may be most pressing given the COVID-19 circumstances to continue delivery of care, movement toward establishing evidence-based assessment via telehealth will be of increased importance. Lastly, practice guidelines have been set forth by national associations, professional societies, and supported by the development of national Telehealth Centers of Excellence. These guidelines and practice considerations are discussed within the context of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Chung
- University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Regan Stewart
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|