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Parsons RD, McParland JL, Halligan SL, Goubert L, Noel M, Jordan A. Looking on the bright side: The relationships between flourishing and pain-related outcomes among adolescents living with chronic pain. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:877-890. [PMID: 38102737 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231214099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A deficits-based approach to adolescent chronic pain currently dominates the literature, to the exclusion of positive approaches, such as flourishing. Addressing this knowledge gap, this study examined the relationships between flourishing and pain-related outcomes in adolescent chronic pain. Seventy-nine adolescents aged 11-24 years were asked to complete self-report measures of three domains of flourishing and four pain-related outcomes. Correlation coefficients and four hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted, controlling for age and gender. Flourishing mental health was associated with, and significantly contributed to explaining, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and social and family functioning impairment. Benefit finding and posttraumatic growth were each associated with social and family functioning impairment, while posttraumatic growth was also associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Additionally, benefit finding significantly contributed to explaining pain intensity. Study findings underscore the importance of assessing the relationships between flourishing and pain-related outcomes in adolescents with chronic pain.
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Hui Z, Wang X, Teng Z, Zou W, Wang J, Ji P, Wang M. The Chinese version of the general benefit finding scale (GBFS): Psychometric properties in a sample of college students. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300064. [PMID: 38713666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefit finding has become a central construct in the evolution of positive psychology and attracted attention in recent literature. This study aimed to translate and validate the General Benefit Finding Scale (GBFS) in Chinese college students. METHODS Forward- and back-translation of the GBFS was followed by the assessment of semantic equivalence and content validity. A sample of 589 college students was recruited in China to conduct reliability and validity analysis. The construct validity was assessed using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients of the GBFS with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being (WHO-5). Internal consistency and two-week test-retest reliability were also evaluated. RESULTS The content validity index for each item ranged from 0.83 to 1.00. EFA revealed a six-factor model, which exhibited acceptable goodness of fit in CFA (standardized root mean square residual = 0.031, root mean square error of approximation = 0.059, goodness-of-fit index = 0.860, comparative fit index = 0.904, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.890, chi-squared/degree of freedom = 2.07). The concurrent validity of the GBFS was supported by its statistically significant correlations with PSS (r = -0.271, p<0.001) and WHO-5 (r = 0.354, p<0.001). Moreover, the internal consistency for the overall scale was satisfactory, with Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.93 and McDonald's omega reliability of 0.94. The test-retest reliability was 0.82. CONCLUSIONS Although the Chinese version of GBFS was examined in a homogeneous convenience sample of college students, it provides a reliable and valid instrument for assessing benefit finding in the Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Hui
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Health Culture Research Center, Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Tongchuan Peolple's Hospital, Tongchuan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziyi Teng
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Ji
- Periodicals Publishing House, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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von Rezori RE, Baumeister H, Holl RW, Minden K, Müller-Stierlin AS, Reinauer C, Temming S, Warschburger P. Testing a model of benefit-finding and growth in youths with chronic health conditions. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 38183031 PMCID: PMC10768283 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience of benefit-finding and growth (BFG), defined as perceiving positive life changes resulting from adversity, is increasingly studied among youths with chronic health conditions (CCs). However, empirical evidence is scarce for explaining individual differences in BFG. The study aimed to test a model of BFG, including an interplay of personal and environmental factors and coping processes. METHODS A sample of N = 498 youths (12-21 years) recruited from three German patient registries for CCs (type 1 diabetes: n = 388, juvenile idiopathic arthritis: n = 82, cystic fibrosis: n = 28) completed a questionnaire including self-reported optimism, social support from parents and peers, coping strategies, and BFG. The model was created to reflect the theoretical assumptions of the Life Crisis and Personal Growth model and current empirical evidence. Structural equation modeling was conducted to evaluate the incremental explanatory power of optimism, peer group integration, parental support, acceptance, cognitive reappraisal, and seeking social support over and above sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics. RESULTS The model (CFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.04; SRMR = 0.05) explained 32% of the variance in BFG. Controlling for sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics, acceptance, cognitive reappraisal, and seeking social support were directly and positively linked to BFG. All tested coping strategies significantly mediated the association between optimism and BFG, whereas seeking social support significantly mediated the relation between peer group integration and BFG. DISCUSSION The study stresses the prominent role of emotion-focused coping strategies and peer group integration in enhancing BFG in youths with CCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), no. DRKS00025125. Registered on May 17, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman E von Rezori
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kirsten Minden
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christina Reinauer
- Department of General, Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Temming
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Joosten MMH, van Gorp M, van Dijk J, Kremer LCM, van Dulmen-den Broeder E, Tissing WJE, Loonen JJ, van der Pal HJH, de Vries ACH, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Ronckers C, Bresters D, Louwerens M, Neggers SJCCM, van der Heiden-van der Loo M, Maurice-Stam H, Grootenhuis MA. Psychosocial functioning of adult siblings of Dutch very long-term survivors of childhood cancer: DCCSS-LATER 2 psycho-oncology study. Psychooncology 2023; 32:1401-1411. [PMID: 37434295 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe psychosocial outcomes among adult siblings of very long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS), to compare these outcomes to reference populations and to identify factors associated with siblings' psychosocial outcomes. METHODS Siblings of survivors (diagnosed <18 years old, between 1963 and 2001, >5 years since diagnosis) of the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study DCCSS-LATER cohort were invited to complete questionnaires on HRQoL (TNO-AZL Questionnaire for Adult's HRQoL), anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress (Self-Rating Scale for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and benefit and burden (Benefit and Burden Scale for Children). Outcomes were compared to a reference group if available, using Mann-Whitney U and chi-Square tests. Associations of siblings' sociodemographic and CCS' cancer-related characteristics with the outcomes were assessed with mixed model analysis. RESULTS Five hundred five siblings (response rate 34%, 64% female, mean age 37.5, mean time since diagnosis 29.5) of 412 CCS participated. Siblings had comparable HRQoL, anxiety and self-esteem to references with no or small differences (r = 0.08-0.15, p < 0.05) and less depression. Proportions of symptomatic PTSD were very small (0.4%-0.6%). Effect sizes of associations of siblings' sociodemographic and CCS cancer-related characteristics were mostly small to medium (β = 0.19-0.67, p < 0.05) and no clear trend was found in the studied associated factors for worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS On the very long-term, siblings do not have impaired psychosocial functioning compared to references. Cancer-related factors seem not to impact siblings' psychosocial functioning. Early support and education remain essential to prevent long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala M H Joosten
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes van Gorp
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer van Dijk
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leontien C M Kremer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim J E Tissing
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Beatrix Children's Hospital/University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J Loonen
- Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Cancer Survivorship, Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrica C H de Vries
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital/Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital/Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Ronckers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl v Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dorine Bresters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Maas A, Maurice-Stam H, van der Aa-van Delden AM, van Dalen EC, van Dulmen-den Broeder E, Tissing WJE, Loonen JJ, van der Pal HJH, de Vries ACH, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Janssens GO, Ronckers C, Neggers S, Bresters D, Louwerens M, Versluys BAB, van der Heiden-van der Loo M, Kremer LCM, van Gorp M, Grootenhuis MA. Positive and negative survivor-specific psychosocial consequences of childhood cancer: the DCCSS-LATER 2 psycho-oncology study. J Cancer Surviv 2023:10.1007/s11764-023-01394-1. [PMID: 37170006 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous studies investigated generic psychosocial outcomes in survivors of childhood cancer (CCS). The present study aimed to describe survivor-specific psychosocial consequences in CCS, and to identify socio-demographic and medical associated factors. METHODS CCS from the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (DCCSS)-LATER cohort (diagnosed 1963-2001) part 2 (age ≥ 18 years, diagnosed < 18 years, ≥ 5 years since diagnosis) completed the Benefit & Burden Scale (BBSC) and the Impact of Cancer-Childhood Cancer (IOC-CS). Items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale (range 1-5). We examined outcomes with descriptive statistics, and socio-demographic and medical associated factors with regression analyses, corrected for multiple testing (p < 0.004). RESULTS CCS, N = 1713, age mean (M) 36 years, 49% female, ≥ 15 years since diagnosis, participated. On average, CCS reported 'somewhat' Benefit (M = 2.9), and 'not at all' to 'a little' Burden (M = 1.5) of childhood cancer. Average scores on IOC-CS' positive impact scales ranged from 2.5 (Personal Growth) to 4.1 (Socializing), and on the negative impact scales from 1.4 (Financial Problems) to 2.4 (Thinking/Memory). Apart from cognitive problems, CCS reported challenges as worries about relationship status, fertility, and how cancer had affected siblings. Female sex was associated with more Personal Growth, and more negative impact. CCS more highly educated, partnered, and employed had higher positive and lower negative impact. CCS older at diagnosis reported more positive impact. CNS tumor survivors and those who had head/cranium radiotherapy had higher negative impact. CNS tumor survivors reported less positive impact. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The majority of CCS reported positive impact of cancer while most CCS reported little negative impact. While this may indicate resiliency in most CCS, health care providers should be aware that they can also experience survivor-specific challenges that warrant monitoring/screening, information provision and psychosocial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Maas
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | - Wim J E Tissing
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrica C H de Vries
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert O Janssens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Ronckers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics Informatics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neggers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine Bresters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Birgitta A B Versluys
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leontien C M Kremer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes van Gorp
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Parsons RD, McParland JL, Halligan SL, Goubert L, Jordan A. Glass half full: A diary and interview qualitative investigation of flourishing among adolescents living with chronic pain. Eur J Pain 2023. [PMID: 37128852 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Counter to paediatric pain literature that typically highlights the deleterious impacts associated with adolescent chronic pain, evidence suggests that some adolescents flourish in their experience of pain. This study sought to explore how adolescents experience, understand and perceive flourishing while living with chronic pain. METHODS Twenty-four adolescents aged 11-24 years were recruited via clinical and online settings. All adolescents were asked to complete daily diary entries, with a subset of 10 participants asked to complete follow-up interviews. RESULTS Inductive reflexive thematic analysis generated two themes: 'Appreciating the moment' and 'Becoming a better version of myself'. Themes addressed how self and other comparisons facilitated a renewed appreciation for achievements and pleasures in life due to living with chronic pain. Adolescents further demonstrated a perception of continued personal and social growth in their experience of chronic pain, including increased emotional maturity, resilience, positivity, kindness and improved communication skills. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that adolescents can experience positive changes in functioning and flourish in some domains of life despite, or resulting from, chronic pain. Further research with an exclusive focus on flourishing is needed to build on this work and address this important gap in knowledge. SIGNIFICANCE We present evidence that adolescents can flourish when living with chronic pain. Such knowledge may inform the development of positive psychological treatment strategies that are focused on reinforcing adolescents' existing strengths, to expand on current treatment options for adolescents living with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Parsons
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Sarah L Halligan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liesbet Goubert
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abbie Jordan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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van der Laan SEI, Berkelbach van der Sprenkel EE, Lenters VC, Finkenauer C, van der Ent CK, Nijhof SL. Defining and Measuring Resilience in Children with a Chronic Disease: a Scoping Review. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2023; 4:105-123. [PMID: 37139096 PMCID: PMC10088629 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-023-00092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
More than 25% of all children grow up with a chronic disease. They are at higher risk for developmental and psychosocial problems. However, children who function resiliently manage to adapt positively to these challenges. We aim to systematically review how resilience is defined and measured in children with a chronic disease. A search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and PsycINFO was performed on December 9, 2022, using resilience, disease, and child/adolescent as search terms. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion according to predefined criteria. Extraction domains included study characteristics, definition, and instruments assessing resilience outcomes, and resilience factors. Fifty-five out of 8766 articles were identified as relevant. In general, resilience was characterized as positive adaptation to adversity. The included studies assessed resilience by the outcomes of positive adaptation, or by resilience factors, or both. We categorized the assessed resilience outcomes into three groups: personal traits, psychosocial functioning, and disease-related outcomes. Moreover, myriad of resilience factors were measured, which were grouped into internal resilience factors (cognitive, social, and emotional competence factors), disease-related factors, and external factors (caregiver factors, social factors, and contextual factors). Our scoping review provides insight into the definitions and instruments used to measure resilience in children with a chronic disease. More knowledge is needed on which resilience factors are related to positive adaptation in specific illness-related challenges, which underlying mechanisms are responsible for this positive adaptation, and how these underlying mechanisms interact with one another. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42844-023-00092-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine E. I. van der Laan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology,Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Virissa C. Lenters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K. van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology,Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne L. Nijhof
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Koutná V, Blatný M, Jelínek M. Posttraumatic stress and growth in adolescent childhood cancer survivors: Links to quality of life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:992310. [PMID: 36160575 PMCID: PMC9505020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer can be considered an event potentially leading to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) as well as posttraumatic growth (PTG). While clinically significant levels of PTSS are rare in childhood cancer survivors, PTG is common in this population. However, the relationship of PTG to overall adaptation and quality of life (QOL) in pediatric cancer patients is not clear. Therefore, our study aims to analyse the relationships of PTSS and PTG with QOL in childhood cancer survivors. In this study, 172 childhood cancer survivors completed measures of quality of life (Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life Scale; child and adolescent version), posttraumatic stress (UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DMS-IV) and posttraumatic growth (Benefit Finding Scale for Children). Correlation analyses were carried out separately for the child (up to 13 years, N = 47) and adolescent (more than 13 years, N = 125) groups and each QOL dimension. In the adolescent group, the relationship of PTSS and PTG with QOL was further verified by regression analyses while controlling for age, gender, and time off treatment. In children, negative relationships between PTSS and QOL were found, but the relationships between QOL and PTG were not significant. In adolescents, significant relationships were found for all dimensions of QOL and PTSS and also for several dimensions of QOL and PTG. The relationships between PTSS and QOL dimensions were negative in both groups, and the relationships between PTG and QOL in the adolescent group were weakly positive. In adolescents, regression analyses controlling for age, gender and time off treatment were performed and confirmed a negative relationship of PTSS with all QOL dimensions except for social functioning. For PTG, regression analyses revealed a significant positive relationship with QOL dimensions of social functioning, outlook on life and intimate relations. While the relationship between PTSS and QOL is negative for almost all QOL dimensions in children and adolescents, the nature of the relationship between PTG and QOL appears to be more complex and changing over time. PTG in children may reflect different processes with different outcomes than PTG in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Koutná
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Veronika Koutná,
| | - Marek Blatný
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Jelínek
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Tureluren E, Claes L, Andriessen K. Personal growth in bereaved students: Associations with support, grief, and distress. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:307-314. [PMID: 35435135 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2063457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Experiencing the death of a loved one can have a substantial negative impact on the grief and mental health of students. However, the bereavement can also lead to personal growth. We investigated the association between personal growth and support, grief, and distress. Bereaved students (N = 666) at Flemish universities and colleges (Belgium) completed an online survey with sociodemographic questions and four scales assessing personal growth, support, grief, and distress. Support and grief positively predicted personal growth. Emotional closeness correlated positively with personal growth. Our findings indicate a need for supporting bereaved students in their process of personal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Tureluren
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karl Andriessen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Wayant C, Bixler K, Garrett M, Mack JW, Wright D, Vassar M. Evaluation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Positive Psychosocial Constructs in Children and Adolescent/Young Adults with Cancer: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2022; 11:78-94. [PMID: 33983839 PMCID: PMC8864417 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer are a vulnerable population in whom improvements in psycho-oncology care would be valuable. We previously published a scoping review exploring what is known about positive psychological constructs in this population. A key finding was that evidence-based patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were needed to standardize psycho-oncology research. Methods: We undertook a systematic review of measurement properties focused on PROMs in the pediatric and adolescent/young adults (AYAs) with cancer populations. We searched for PROMs that measured at least 1 of 15 previously identified, key positive constructs. This systematic review followed COSMIN guidelines, considered the gold standard manual for systematic reviews of measurement properties. Results: We identified 20 (22 if proxy reports are counted separately) unique PROMs that met inclusion criteria. Of those, only five were recommended for use given the current evidence. The remainder may be used if no alternative exists. Only eight PROMs had any evidence of content validity, considered the most important psychometric property by COSMIN. Many studies were at risk of bias owing to incomplete or suboptimal methods. Discussion: Five PROMs are considered reliable for the pediatric and AYA with cancer populations. A number of PROMs require additional research to ensure their items and instructions are comprehensive, relevant, and comprehensible to children and AYAs. Given the overall lack of research, this review may be considered a starting point for the future refinement of a core set of PROMs to measure positive psychological constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Wayant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.,Address correspondence to: Cole Wayant, DO, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - Kaylea Bixler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Morgan Garrett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jennifer W. Mack
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Drew Wright
- Department of Information Technologies and Services, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Matt Vassar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
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Exploring Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth among Children Living beyond Cancer and Their Parents Using an Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030704. [PMID: 35158977 PMCID: PMC8833714 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A diagnosis of childhood cancer, and its subsequent treatment, initiates a difficult and long-lasting experience for families which can result in posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, positive change, such as growth, may also occur. The relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and growth in the wake of childhood cancer is poorly understood. We sought to better understand the relationships between children’s posttraumatic stress symptoms and growth and those of their parents via a survey. The results from our study showed that the children and parents in our study were faring relatively well, reporting low levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms and moderate levels of growth. The children’s posttraumatic stress symptom score was not related to, nor did it predict their growth. The same was true for their parents wherein their posttraumatic stress symptom score was not related to, nor did it predict their growth. Notably, lower posttraumatic stress symptom scores among children were associated with greater growth in their parents, and vice versa, but the parents’ posttraumatic stress symptom score was not associated with the children’s growth. Abstract There is a growing focus on describing both negative and positive outcomes in the wake of childhood cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the relationships between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among children living beyond cancer and one of their parents. As part of a larger online survey, 113 children (Mage at time of study = 15.82 (SD = 4.81); Mage at diagnosis = 5.86 (SD = 4.66)) and one of their parents completed questionnaires assessing PTSS and PTG. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample and levels of PTSS and PTG. Data were z-transformed and analyzed using bivariate correlations and t-tests. An actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) was used to test whether children’s and their parents’ PTSS was associated with their own PTG (actor effect) and the others’ PTG (partner effect). PTSS was low and PTG was moderate in this sample relative to scale ranges. There were no significant differences between the children’s and their parents’ PTSS (p = 0.535) or PTG (p = 0.534). Results from the APIM showed no significant actor effects (p = 0.185). A significant overall partner effect (p = 0.020) emerged. Lower PTSS for children was associated with greater PTG for their parents (b = −0.29, p = 0.018), but parent’s PTSS was not associated with children’s PTG (p = 0.434). This sample reported similar levels of PTSS and PTG to that which has been reported in the literature. Children and their parents’ scores on PTSS and PTG measures were not significantly different from one another. Children’s PTSS was negatively associated with their parents PTG, illuminating the ways in which PTSS and PTG may be related in the context of childhood cancer. Exploring family-based strategies to reduce PTSS and enhance PTG may be warranted, though further studies are required.
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12
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von Rezori RE, Buchallik F, Warschburger P. Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale for Youth with chronic conditions. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:2. [PMID: 35016724 PMCID: PMC8753927 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefit finding, defined as perceiving positive life changes resulting from adversity and negative life stressors, gains growing attention in the context of chronic illness. The study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) in a sample of German youth facing chronic conditions. METHODS A sample of adolescents with various chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 - 21years) completed the 10-item BFSC along with measures of intra- and interpersonal resources, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (hrQoL). The total sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA). RESULTS EFA revealed that the BFSC scores had a one-dimensional factor structure. CFA verified the one-dimensional factor structure with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.87 - 0.88) and construct validity. In line with our hypotheses, benefit finding was positively correlated with optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and hrQoL. Sex differences in benefit finding were not consistent across subsamples. Benefit finding was also positively associated with age, disease severity, and social status. CONCLUSIONS The BFSC is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess benefit finding in adolescents with chronic illness and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in adolescents, irrespective of their specific diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman E. von Rezori
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht- Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Friederike Buchallik
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht- Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht- Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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13
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Zhao J, An Y, Li X, Huang J. After Experiencing a Tornado: Adolescents' Longitudinal Trajectories in Posttraumatic Growth and Their Association with Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 54:786-795. [PMID: 34843034 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the trajectories in posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents who survived from the Yancheng tornado in China, and explored the effects of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) on these trajectories. Participants (n = 246) finished 4 assessments at 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after the tornado. Growth mixture model and logistic regression were used to examine the heterogeneous trajectories and the role of PTSS for differentiating trajectories respectively. Two latent PTG trajectories were observed: group with decreasing PTG and group with fluctuant PTG, which might stem from the illusory component and the factual component of PTG respectively based on the two-component model; and adolescents with more PTSS had higher probabilities generating decreasing PTG, that is, illusory PTG. This study suggested differentiating PTG trajectories and related influencing factors to improve the post-disaster psychological interventions in a longitudinal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
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14
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Kritikos TK, Stiles-Shields C, Winning AM, Starnes M, Ohanian DM, Clark OE, del Castillo A, Chavez P, Holmbeck GN. A Systematic Review of Benefit-Finding and Growth in Pediatric Medical Populations. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:1076-1090. [PMID: 34382081 PMCID: PMC8628652 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review synthesizes the literature on benefit-finding and growth (BFG) among youth with medical illnesses and disabilities and their parents. Specifically, we summarized: (a) methods for assessing BFG; (b) personal characteristics, personal, and environmental resources, as well as positive outcomes, associated with BFG; (c) interventions that have enhanced BFG; and (d) the quality of the literature. METHODS A medical research librarian conducted the search across PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Studies on BFG among children ages 0-18 with chronic illnesses and disabilities, or the parents of these youth were eligible for inclusion. Articles were uploaded into Covidence; all articles were screened by two reviewers, who then extracted data (e.g., study characteristics and findings related to BFG) independently and in duplicate for each eligible study. The review was based on a systematic narrative synthesis framework and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020189339). RESULTS In total, 110 articles were included in this review. Generally, BFG capabilities were present across a range of pediatric health conditions and disabilities. Correlates of both youth and parent BFG are presented, including personal and environmental resources, coping resources, and positive outcomes. In addition, studies describing interventions aimed at enhancing BFG are discussed, and a quality assessment of the included studies is provided. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations are provided regarding how to assess BFG and with whom to study BFG to diversify and extend our current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen Stiles-Shields
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Section of Community Behavioral Health, Rush University Medical
Center
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15
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Warschburger P, Petersen AC, von Rezori RE, Buchallik F, Baumeister H, Holl RW, Minden K, Müller-Stierlin AS, Reinauer C, Staab D. A prospective investigation of developmental trajectories of psychosocial adjustment in adolescents facing a chronic condition - study protocol of an observational, multi-center study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:404. [PMID: 34521358 PMCID: PMC8438102 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relatively little is known about protective factors and the emergence and maintenance of positive outcomes in the field of adolescents with chronic conditions. Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to acquire a deeper understanding of the dynamic process of resilience factors, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents living with chronic conditions. Methods/design We plan to consecutively recruit N = 450 adolescents (12–21 years) from three German patient registries for chronic conditions (type 1 diabetes, cystic fibrosis, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis). Based on screening for anxiety and depression, adolescents are assigned to two parallel groups – “inconspicuous” (PHQ-9 and GAD-7 < 7) vs. “conspicuous” (PHQ-9 or GAD-7 ≥ 7) – participating in a prospective online survey at baseline and 12-month follow-up. At two time points (T1, T2), we assess (1) intra- and interpersonal resiliency factors, (2) coping strategies, and (3) health-related quality of life, well-being, satisfaction with life, anxiety and depression. Using a cross-lagged panel design, we will examine the bidirectional longitudinal relations between resiliency factors and coping strategies, psychological adaptation, and psychosocial adjustment. To monitor Covid-19 pandemic effects, participants are also invited to take part in an intermediate online survey. Discussion The study will provide a deeper understanding of adaptive, potentially modifiable processes and will therefore help to develop novel, tailored interventions supporting a positive adaptation in youths with a chronic condition. These strategies should not only support those at risk but also promote the maintenance of a successful adaptation. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), no. DRKS00025125. Registered on May 17, 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02869-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Ann-Christin Petersen
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roman E von Rezori
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Friederike Buchallik
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kirsten Minden
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christina Reinauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Doris Staab
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Koutná V, Blatný M, Jelínek M. Concordance of Child Self-Reported and Parent Proxy-Reported Posttraumatic Growth in Childhood Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164230. [PMID: 34439384 PMCID: PMC8391169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In pediatric cancer settings, parents can be asked to provide information about the impact of cancer on the child. However, their assessment of the child may not be accurate. Research has shown that parents tend to underestimate the quality of life of their child following pediatric cancer. Little is known about the accuracy of parental reports of posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a consequence of pediatric cancer. Our study aimed to examine concordance of parent- and child-reported PTG with taking into account the parents’ own level of PTG. We found poor parent–child concordance, with parents reporting higher levels of PTG for their children than the children themselves. When assessing their child’s PTG, parents are influenced by their own level of PTG. These findings provide implications for the research on psychosocial outcomes of pediatric cancer using a multi-informant perspective as well as for the topic of veracity of PTG in general. Abstract This article aimed to analyze concordance of parent- and child-reported child posttraumatic growth (PTG) following pediatric cancer, the influence of the parents’ own level of PTG on the level of concordance and the influence of the parents’ and the child’s own level of PTG on the parents’ proxy reports of PTG in the child. The sample included 127 parent–child dyads. The children provided self-reports of PTG and the parents provided reports of their own as well as the child’s PTG. Overall, the results showed poor parent–child agreement on the child PTG, with the parents proxy-reporting higher levels of PTG than the children. The parents’ proxy reports of the child PTG were the most accurate at the lowest levels of the parents’ own level of PTG. The parents’ own level of PTG was a stronger predictor of the parents’ proxy reports than the child self-reported PTG. The results suggest that parents are not very accurate reporters of PTG in the child; therefore, their reports should be completed with child self-reports whenever possible.
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17
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Abstract
Existing literature on posttraumatic growth following adverse experiences has questioned adolescent capacity to experience such growth given immature cognitive and affective development. The aim of this review was to conduct the first review of the literature regarding post-traumatic growth among adolescents (ages 12-18) to determine whether there is empirical evidence of adolescent post-traumatic growth. Results of the review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, are reported to (1) summarize existing support for adolescent post-traumatic growth within available empirical literature, (2) discuss potential moderators of adolescent post-traumatic growth occurrence, and (3) review existing measures of post-traumatic growth. Evidence of adolescent post-traumatic growth was found within three studies with correlational designs and two studies with longitudinal designs. The majority of the literature regarding adolescent post-traumatic growth provides initial support in the form of correlational evidence; however, such support is difficult to empirically establish given the lack of longitudinal studies in this area. Critiques of the extant research and areas for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Harmon
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA
| | - Amanda Venta
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, USA.
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18
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Damsma Bakker A, Roodbol P, van Leeuwen R. The Qualitative Assessment of Two Translated Dutch Spirituality Scales for Children. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 59:e26-e31. [PMID: 33541745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article describes the translation and qualitative assessment and small scale validation of two spirituality scales designed for children from English to Dutch and includes the translation and validation process and the results of the two most commonly used and best validated measurement instruments for spirituality in children: the Feeling Good, Living Life scale (FGLL) by Fisher (2004, 2009) and the Spirituality Sensitivity Scale for Children by Stoyles et al. (2012). DESIGN AND METHODS The translation process was designed according to Beaton et al. (2000) and both the translation and the validation process followed the instructions of the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN, 2018). The qualitative validation was done by a three-step test-interview eliciting the face validity of both questionnaires. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results show that both instruments were reliably translated, are face valid with some minor alterations and structurally validated overall in the small-scale pilot. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS More attention from healthcare professionals and educators should be directed at using spiritual measuring instrument to develop the spiritual vocabulary of children. A larger study is needed to also confirm the cultural validity of the translated scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Damsma Bakker
- School of Nursing, Viaa University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
| | - P Roodbol
- Nursing Research, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - R van Leeuwen
- School of Nursing, Viaa University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
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19
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Otimismo e ganho percebido em cuidadores de crianças com câncer. PSICO 2021. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-8623.2021.1.34179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Com o objetivo de analisar as relações entre otimismo e ganho percebido em cuidadores de crianças com câncer, constituiu-se uma amostra de conveniência de 60 cuidadores, com média de idade de 36,5 anos (DP=9,17), 81,7% de mulheres, em um hospital de referência. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos: Teste de Orientação da Vida, Inventário de Desenvolvimento Pós-Traumático, e questionário sociodemográfico e clínico. Após análise estatística descritiva e inferencial, verificou-se correlação positiva entre otimismo e ganho percebido (percepção de recursos e competências pessoais). Otimismo e ganho percebido também se associaram às variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas: cuidadores casados e com crianças fora de quimioterapia referiram maior ganho percebido; e cuidadores cujos filhos tinham mais tempo de tratamento, se mostraram mais otimistas e com maior ganho percebido. Conclui-se que características individuais e clínicas devem ser consideradas em intervenções com foco na ressignificação da experiência de ter um filho com câncer e o crescimento frente à adversidade.
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20
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Shin YJ, Oh EG. Factors Influencing Resilience among Korean adolescents and young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021; 53:101977. [PMID: 34144358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The number of childhood cancer survivors has been steadily increasing because of improved cancer treatment outcomes. We aimed to examine the level of cancer stigma, coping, spirituality, hope, family communication, social support and resilience in adolescent and adult childhood cancer survivors and identify factors associated with resilience. METHOD This study is a descriptive survey conducted on 139 childhood cancer survivors aged 15-29 years who had been diagnosed with cancer prior to the age of 19 years at a general hospital in Seoul. The questionnaire consisted of the Cancer Stigma Scale, Jalowiec Coping Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic-Illness Therapy-Spirituality (FACIT-Sp), Hearth Hope Index (HHI), Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory (PACI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Haase Resilience in Illness Scale (HARS). Collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 23.0. RESULTS Resilience positively correlated with courageous coping, spirituality, hope, family communication and social support, and negatively correlated with cancer stigma and defensive coping. Regression analyses revealed that courageous coping (β = 0.303, p < .001), hope (β = 0.317, p = .001), and solid tumor diagnosis (β = -0.144, p = .012) were significantly predictive of resilience among childhood cancer survivors, and these factors explained 65.2% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Resilience among childhood cancer survivors was higher with increasing courageous coping and hope and lower with solid tumors. These results suggest that coping and hope management should be included in the strategies to enhance the resilience of AYA cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Shin
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Geum Oh
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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21
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Dattilo TM, Olshefski RS, Nahata L, Hansen-Moore JA, Gerhardt CA, Lehmann V. Growing up after childhood cancer: maturity and life satisfaction in young adulthood. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:6661-6668. [PMID: 33961121 PMCID: PMC8464568 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Young individuals face a variety of developmental tasks as they mature into adulthood. For survivors of childhood cancer, growing up may be more difficult due to their illness and late effects from treatment. This study is the first to quantitatively examine perceptions of maturity and how these perceptions contribute to satisfaction with life among young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Methods Ninety survivors of childhood cancer (Mage = 29.8; 7–37 years post-diagnosis) were recruited to complete online surveys on how mature they felt relative to peers, their perceived maturity on three domains (financial, personal, social), and life satisfaction. Results Most survivors (62%; n = 56) felt they grew up faster than their peers, and over half (56%; n = 50) felt more mature. Perceived maturity was high on all three domains, but brain tumor survivors reported significantly lower maturity than other survivors (d = 0.76–1.11). All maturity domains were positively associated with life satisfaction (r = .49–.56). Hierarchical linear regressions indicated that 44% of the variance in life satisfaction was explained by perceptions of growing up slower (β = − 1.08, p = .004) and marginally by greater perceived personal maturity (β = 0.45, p = .061). Conclusions Childhood cancer can influence development, with most survivors feeling that they grew up faster and were more mature than peers. Personal maturity was related to life satisfaction, with survivors of brain tumors or those who felt they grew up slower at greatest risk for lower life satisfaction. Future research and clinical practice should consider survivors’ development and maturation across the life span to promote overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Dattilo
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Randal S Olshefski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leena Nahata
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Divison of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hansen-Moore
- Division of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vicky Lehmann
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Farahani AS, Heidarzadeh M, Tajalli S, Ashrafizade H, Akbarpour M, Khaki S, Khademi F, Beikmirza R, Masoumpoor A, Rassouli M. Psychometric Properties of the Farsi Version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children-Revised in Iranian Children with Cancer. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021; 8:295-303. [PMID: 33850963 PMCID: PMC8030598 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon-2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Coping with childhood cancer, as a stressful incident, can lead to a growth in various aspects of the child's life. Therefore, this study aims to validate Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children-Revised (PTGI-C-R) in children with cancer. Methods: This methodological research was carried out in referral children hospitals in Tehran. PTGI-C-R was translated and back-translated. Content and face validity were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on 200 children with inclusion criteria, using LISREL V8.5. Due to the rejection of the model, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done, using SPSS V21. The correlation of posttraumatic growth (PTG) with the variables, i.e., age and gender, was investigated. Results: Some writing changes were made in phrases in the sections concerning face and content validity. CFA rejected the five-factor model due to the undesirable fit indices. Therefore, an EFA was used and the three-factor model was not approved, either despite the statistical appropriateness or due to the lack of similarity between the items loaded on factors. The results also indicated a significant relationship between PTG and age (r = 0.13, P = 0.05). There is no significant relationship between PTG and gender (z = −1.35, P = 0.83). Conclusions: PTGI-C-R does not have desirable psychometric properties in Iranian children with cancer and may not be able to reflect all the aspects of PTG experienced by them. Therefore, it cannot be used as an appropriate scale, and it is necessary to develop and validate a specific tool through a qualitative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Shirinabadi Farahani
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Heidarzadeh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saleheh Tajalli
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Ashrafizade
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marjan Akbarpour
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soore Khaki
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khademi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Razieh Beikmirza
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Masoumpoor
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rassouli
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Okado Y, Long A, Phipps S. Profiles and predictors of resilient functioning in youths with pediatric cancer history. J Psychosoc Oncol 2021; 39:493-508. [PMID: 33480312 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2020.1844843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and predict resilient functioning over time among youths with pediatric cancer experience (YPCE). DESIGN YPCE aged 8-17 years (N = 231) were followed prospectively for 3 years. Their psychosocial adjustment was assessed using self-report and parent-report at 1 year (T2) and 3 years (T3) post-baseline. METHODS Latent profile analysis identified subgroups of YPCE with different patterns of adjustment over time. Self-reported factors from baseline and T2 were examined as predictors of subgroup membership. FINDINGS Three subgroups of youths were found. Two exhibited average (52.5% of the sample) to better-than-average (41.3%) functioning. One subgroup (6.2%) exhibited subclinical but at-risk range of adjustment. Low optimism and low connectedness to parents and school predicted membership in this group. CONCLUSIONS Most YPCE exhibit resilient functioning across time. However, approximately 6% report persistent maladjustment. IMPLICATIONS Most YPCE are well-adjusted, but those with low optimism and poor connection to parents or school may require monitoring for psychosocial difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Okado
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Alanna Long
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean Phipps
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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24
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Cook JL, Russell K, Long A, Phipps S. Centrality of the childhood cancer experience and its relation to post-traumatic stress and growth. Psychooncology 2020; 30:564-570. [PMID: 33232545 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Event centrality, the degree to which a traumatic event is perceived as central to one's identity, has been associated with post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and post-traumatic growth (PTG) outcomes in various trauma samples. Trauma frameworks are widely used to understand the psychological impact of pediatric cancer; however, event centrality has not been studied in this population. We investigated event centrality in pediatric cancer survivors and healthy comparisons, and its relation with PTS and PTG outcomes. METHOD Cancer survivors, age 13-23 (N = 196) and healthy comparisons (N = 131) completed the Centrality of Events Scale and PTS and PTG measures in reference to their most traumatic life event. Cancer survivors who first identified a non-cancer-related event repeated all measures in reference to cancer. RESULTS Centrality scores were significantly higher when referencing cancer compared to non-cancer events, even in survivors for whom cancer was not rated as most stressful (53.1%). Centrality scores for non-cancer events were not significantly different between survivors and healthy comparisons. Event centrality showed significant positive relations to both PTS and PTG outcomes. CONCLUSION The pediatric cancer experience is perceived as central to survivors' identity regardless of whether the experience is perceived as highly traumatic. Centrality of cancer is a significant predictor of both positive and negative psychological outcomes in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Cook
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathryn Russell
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alanna Long
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean Phipps
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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25
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Scott SR, O'Daffer AG, Bradford MC, Fladeboe K, Lau N, Steineck A, Taylor M, Yi-Frazier JP, Rosenberg AR. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and medically traumatic events (TEs) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer: a report from the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM) randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:3773-3781. [PMID: 33219407 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, we examined (1) the distribution and type of traumatic events (TEs) experienced prior to baseline assessment and (2) how a resilience intervention, Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM), impacted changes in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for AYAs with and without TEs. METHODS AYAs (12-25 years) within 1-10 weeks of diagnosis of new malignancy or ever diagnosed with advanced cancer were enrolled and randomly assigned to usual care (UC) with or without PRISM. To assess TEs, we screened medical records for traditionally defined adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and medical traumatic events. Age-validated PROs assessed resilience, benefit-finding, hope, generic health-related quality of life (QoL), cancer-specific QoL, depression, and anxiety at enrollment and 6 months later. We calculated effect sizes (Cohen's d) for PRISM vs. UC effect on PRO score change at 6 months for 1+ TEs and 0 TE groups. RESULTS Ninety-two AYAs enrolled and completed baseline surveys (44-UC, 48-PRISM; N = 74 at 6 months, 38-UC, 36-PRISM); 60% experienced 1+ TEs. PROs at baseline were similar across groups. PRISM's effect on score change was greater (Cohen's d ≥ 0.5) for the 1+ TE group on domains of benefit-finding and hope; and similar (d < 0.5) on domains of resilience, depression, anxiety, and both generic and cancer-specific QoL. CONCLUSIONS In AYAs with cancer, TEs occurred at similar rates as the general population. PRISM may be particularly helpful for improving benefit-finding and hope for those who have experienced TEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Scott
- Palliative Care & Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alison G O'Daffer
- Palliative Care & Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miranda C Bradford
- Children's Core for Biomedical Statistics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Fladeboe
- Palliative Care & Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy Lau
- Palliative Care & Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela Steineck
- Palliative Care & Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mallory Taylor
- Palliative Care & Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joyce P Yi-Frazier
- Palliative Care & Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Abby R Rosenberg
- Palliative Care & Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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26
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Berkman AM, Robert RS, Roth M, Askins MA. A review of psychological symptoms and post-traumatic growth among adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Health Psychol 2020; 27:990-1005. [PMID: 33153307 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320971706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of childhood cancer patients survive well into adulthood, but remain at risk for psychological late effects that can impact overall health and quality of life. The current narrative review summarizes the literature on psychological late effects, including anxiety, depression, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidality, psychoactive medication use, and post-traumatic growth in survivors of childhood cancers. While results were mixed, many studies demonstrated that psychological symptoms occurred at levels higher than would be expected in the general population. Treatment, environmental, and behavioral risk factors, as well as symptom onset and trajectory merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Roth
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
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27
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Koutná V, Blatný M. Socialization of Coping in Pediatric Oncology Settings: Theoretical Consideration on Parent-Child Connections in Posttraumatic Growth. Front Psychol 2020; 11:554325. [PMID: 33071875 PMCID: PMC7530937 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.554325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This theoretical article aims to summarize the results of studies relevant to parental influence on coping with childhood cancer and provide implications for future research focused on parent–child connections in posttraumatic growth (PTG) following childhood cancer. Parental influence on child coping described by the socialization of coping and socialization of emotions theories has already been studied in connection with posttraumatic stress, but the role of parents in the process of PTG in the child has not been clearly described yet. Several studies focused on PTG in childhood cancer survivors and their parents simultaneously, but only two studies explicitly included a parent–child connection in PTG in statistical analysis. Studies suggest that child PTG may be facilitated through parental coping advice supporting emotion expression and that parent–child connection in PTG may be mediated by the child’s subjective perception of the parents’ PTG. More research is needed to describe specific strategies proposed by parents and leading to child PTG and design tailored interventions for the use in the clinical care of childhood cancer survivors and their family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Koutná
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Blatný
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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28
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Yoshitsugu M, Sobue I. Nurse's difficulty and their educational needs regarding pediatric cancer care in Japan. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2020; 18:e12370. [PMID: 32945119 PMCID: PMC7891603 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aim Aiming at environmental arrangements for pediatric cancer patients and their families to receive appropriate medical care and support with a sense of security, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare designated 15 hub hospitals for childhood cancer. These hub hospitals have established networks with approximately 200 centers/hospitals treating pediatric cancer. In order to promote equal access to nursing, we investigated nurses' difficulties and needs at these treatment hospitals with limited experience in pediatric cancer nursing. Methods In order to examine education on pediatric cancer nursing, we investigated difficulties felt by treatment hospital nurses, their educational experience and their educational needs. A total of 584 nurses (66.51%) from 52 hospitals from which written consent was received completed the questionnaires. Results Nurses had difficulties regarding nursing care for patients with critical conditions, such as terminal care, and actions to be taken when a patient's physical condition rapidly changes. Nurses most strongly desired education on nursing care for patients with serious problems, such as terminal care, and follow‐up provided in the form of in‐ and hub‐hospital lectures. Conclusion Our study suggested that in order to provide nurses in treatment hospitals with education focusing on nursing care for patients with serious problems, education systems based on cooperation between hub and treatment hospitals are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yoshitsugu
- Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Zentsuji, Japan
| | - Ikuko Sobue
- Division of Nursing Science, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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29
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Koutná V, Blatný M, Jelínek M. Posttraumatic stress and growth in childhood cancer survivors: Considering the pathways for relationship. J Psychosoc Oncol 2020; 39:105-117. [DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2020.1789907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Koutná
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Blatný
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jelínek
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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30
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Marziliano A, Tuman M, Moyer A. The relationship between post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth in cancer patients and survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology 2020; 29:604-616. [PMID: 31834657 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)/post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in cancer patients and survivors is increasing. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 51 studies that assessed the relationship between PTSD/PTSS and PTG, in cancer patients/survivors. Five databases were searched through 29 April 2019. The purpose of this manuscript is to report a summary of this literature, the aggregate effect size of the relationship between PTSD and PTG, and the examination of potential moderators that may impact the relationship between PTSD and PTG. RESULTS The aggregate weighted effect size for the association between PTSD/PTSS and PTG was small, r = .08, but significantly different from zero. We examined whether time since diagnosis, stage of cancer, type of measure used to assess PTSD/PTSS, or type of measure used to assess PTG explained the significant heterogeneity among the individual effect sizes. The relationship was significantly stronger for the small subset of studies that included only stage 4 patients compared with those that included only non-stage 4 patients. Additionally, the strongest relationship was for those studies that used the Impact of Events Scale-Revised to assess PTSD. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between PTSD/PTSD and PTG is modestly positive and robust. There is evidence that the threat of advanced cancer is more strongly associated with growth, but none supporting that more time since cancer diagnosis allows survivors the opportunity to positively reinterpret and find meaning in the traumatic aspects of the disease resulting in more growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Marziliano
- Center for Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Malwina Tuman
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Anne Moyer
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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31
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Graetz D, Fasciano K, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Block SD, Mack JW. Things that matter: Adolescent and young adult patients' priorities during cancer care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27883. [PMID: 31207103 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) experience cancer while balancing emerging identity and life goals. We investigated AYAs' priorities during cancer, including psychosocial concerns, cure-directed therapy, and potential late effects. METHODS We surveyed 203 cancer patients aged 15-29 treated at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, and their oncologists. Patients were approached and rated the importance of aspects of treatment, outcomes, and life during therapy. Response options were "extremely," "very," "somewhat," "a little important," or "not at all important." Ratings of "extremely" or "very important" were used as indicators of strong priorities. RESULTS Patients' three most frequent priorities were cure (97%), being good to the people they care about (95%), and having supportive people around them (94%). Most prioritized being with family (90%), returning to school/work (89%), maintaining relationships with friends (88%), and feeling normal (85%). Fewer prioritized minimizing long-term (78%) and acute side effects (68%) and fertility (59%). Many participants (88%) said that cure influenced their decisions "a great deal," while fewer were influenced by side effects (32%), fertility (36%), or relationships (16%). Most patients (85%) thought their oncologist understood what was most important to them when treatment started. CONCLUSION Nearly all AYA cancer patients prioritize cure, while maintaining social relationships and a sense of normalcy. These priorities influence decisions they make about treatment to differing degrees, with cure influencing decision-making for most patients. Although the priority of cure is well established, recognizing other AYA priorities allows providers to optimally support these patients from the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Graetz
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Karen Fasciano
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Oncology and Global Pediatric Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Susan D Block
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer W Mack
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Division of Population Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
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32
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Zhou X, Zhen R, Wu X. Trajectories of posttraumatic growth among adolescents over time since the Wenchuan earthquake. J Adolesc 2019; 74:188-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chan SF, Hoag JA, Karst JS, Bingen KM. Social adjustment of adolescent cancer patients transitioning off active treatment: A short-term prospective mixed methods study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27530. [PMID: 30426663 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial follow-up in survivorship is a standard of care in pediatric oncology; however, little is known about patients' psychosocial functioning during the transition off active treatment, a unique time in the cancer journey. This study examined the social adjustment of adolescent cancer patients during this transition period, which has been understudied to date. PROCEDURE Participants were 21 patients (ages 12-18 years; age M = 14.71 years; 62% female, 81% White) with various cancer diagnoses. Patients and their parents completed the Social Competence subscale of the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), respectively, PedsQL Social Functioning subscale, and a semistructured interview 1-2 months prior to ending treatment (time 1) and 3-7 months after ending treatment (time 2). RESULTS YSR and CBCL social competence scores were within the normal range at both time points. PedsQL social functioning scores were more consistent with norms for pediatric cancer samples at time 1 and norms for healthy children at time 2, with self-reported scores significantly improving from time 1 to time 2. A subset of patients had elevated social concerns at time 1, a number that decreased by time 2. Interviews revealed both positive and negative themes related to peer relationships and support, quantity of friends, and socialization. CONCLUSIONS Most adolescent cancer patients are socially well adjusted as they transition off treatment, although a subset have elevated concerns. Interviews provide insight into complex social experiences not captured on questionnaires. Patients may benefit from screening and support during this unique time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilynn F Chan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Kosir U, Wiedemann M, Wild J, Bowes L. Psychiatric disorders in adolescent cancer survivors: A systematic review of prevalence and predictors. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Urska Kosir
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Milan Wiedemann
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
- Clinical Informatics Research OfficeOxford NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
| | - Jennifer Wild
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Lucy Bowes
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
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Panjikidze M, Beelmann A, Martskvishvili K, Chitashvili M. Posttraumatic Growth, Personality Factors, and Social Support Among War-Experienced Young Georgians. Psychol Rep 2019; 123:687-709. [PMID: 30704339 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118823177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite much research on adult posttraumatic growth in recent decades, few studies have focused on posttraumatic growth in the young and especially after experiencing war. This study examined personality factors and different types and sources of social support as key correlates of posttraumatic growth in war-experienced children and adolescents. Participants were 242 individuals from settlements for internally displaced people in Georgia with a mean age of 13.22 years (SD = 2.73). Relations between variables were examined with correlations, standard multiple regressions, and mediation analyses. Results showed that the main predictors of posttraumatic growth were extraversion, conscientiousness, and social support. In addition, informational type of support from peers related significantly to posttraumatic growth. Moreover, general social support mediated the link between personality factors and posttraumatic growth. Conclusions are drawn on the mechanisms underlying posttraumatic growth in young persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Panjikidze
- Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andreas Beelmann
- Department of Research Synthesis, Intervention and Evaluation, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Khatuna Martskvishvili
- Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Marine Chitashvili
- Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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36
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Watanabe H. Association between benefit-finding and identity development in adolescence: are there benefit-finding domains related to high identity achievement? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2018.1464480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Watanabe
- Department of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
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37
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Rosenberg AR, Bradford MC, Barton KS, Etsekson N, McCauley E, Curtis JR, Wolfe J, Baker KS, Yi-Frazier J. Hope and benefit finding: Results from the PRISM randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27485. [PMID: 30270489 PMCID: PMC6249081 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes, perhaps because they have not acquired skills to navigate the adversities of illness. In a recent phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT), the "Promoting Resilience in Stress Management" (PRISM) intervention was associated with improved patient-reported resilience, quality of life, and distress. In this planned analysis of secondary aims, we hypothesized PRISM would also improve targeted coping skills of hopeful thinking, benefit finding, and goal setting. METHODS We conducted this parallel RCT at Seattle Children's Hospital from January 2015 to October 2016. English-speaking AYAs (12-25 years old) with cancer were randomized one-to-one to PRISM or usual care (UC). PRISM teaches stress-management, goal-setting, cognitive-reframing, and meaning-making skills in four sessions delivered in-person every other week. Participants completed surveys at enrollment and 6 months later. Mixed effects linear regression models evaluated associations between PRISM and benefit finding (Benefit-Finding Scale for Children), hopeful thinking (Hope Scale), and an exploratory outcome of goal setting (queried with open-ended items about participant's goals, measured qualitatively by three blinded reviewers). RESULTS Of N = 92 AYAs (48 PRISM, 44 UC), 73% were 12-17 years old, 43% female, and 62% diagnosed with leukemia or lymphoma. PRISM was associated with improved benefit finding and hope with moderate-to-large effect sizes-benefit finding: +3.1 points, 95% CI 0.0, 6.2, d = 0.4, and P = 0.05; and hope: +3.6 points, 95% CI 0.7, 6.4, d = 0.6, and P = 0.01. We did not detect changes in goal setting (-0.5 points, 95% CI -1.2, 0.3, d = -0.3, P = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS PRISM was associated with improvements in benefit finding and hopeful thinking, two adaptive coping skills which may mitigate long-term psychosocial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby R. Rosenberg
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Seattle, WA,Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics; Seattle, WA,Seattle Children’s Hospital; Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders Center; Seattle, WA,University of Washington School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Seattle, WA
| | - Miranda C. Bradford
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Seattle, WA
| | - Krysta S. Barton
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Seattle, WA,Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics; Seattle, WA
| | - Nicole Etsekson
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Seattle, WA
| | - Elizabeth McCauley
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development; Seattle, WA,University of Washington School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Seattle, WA
| | - J. Randall Curtis
- Harborview Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Seattle, WA,Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Medicine; Seattle, WA
| | - Joanne Wolfe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care; Boston, MA,Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine; Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - K. Scott Baker
- Seattle Children’s Hospital; Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders Center; Seattle, WA,University of Washington School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Seattle, WA,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division; Seattle, WA
| | - Joyce Yi-Frazier
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Seattle, WA
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McClatchey IS. Trauma-Informed Care and Posttraumatic Growth Among Bereaved Youth: A Pilot Study. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2018; 82:196-213. [PMID: 30303460 DOI: 10.1177/0030222818804629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although a fair amount has been written about posttraumatic stress disorder among bereaved children and adolescents, less has been written about posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its predictors among this population. This study examines predictors of PTG and the impact of trauma-informed care on PTG among bereaved youth. A preexperimental, pretest-posttest design was applied to measure PTG among bereaved children (N = 32) before and after attending a healing camp that provides trauma-informed care. A regression model was applied to examine predictors of PTG. Results showed that children participating in the camp increased their PTG scores to a statistically significant degree. Circumstance of death (sudden or expected) was a predictor in this study. The results are discussed in relation to limitations, implications for future research, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene S McClatchey
- Department of Social Work and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
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Tillery R, Cohen R, Berlin KS, Long A, Phipps S. Youth's Adjustment to Cancer: Examination of Patterns of Adjustment and the Role of Peer Relations. J Pediatr Psychol 2018; 42:1123-1132. [PMID: 28369552 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Examine unique forms of peer relations (i.e., peer group vs. friendships) in relation to patterns of youth's resilience and challenge-related growth in the context of cancer. Methods In all, 279 youth (cancer, n = 156; control, n = 123) completed measures of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and perceived positive changes. Youth also reported on their peer relations. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to examine patterns of youth's adjustment. Peer relations were examined as predictors of youth's adjustment. Results LPA revealed three profiles (42.1% resilient high growth, 21.4% resilient low growth, and 36.5% mild distress with growth). Youth's peer relations, demographic factors, and disease-related factors predicted assignment to profiles. Differences in adjustment emerged depending on youth's connection with their peers versus their friends. Summary Peer relations serve an important role in youth's adjustment to stressful life events. Assessment of peer and friend support may provide a more nuanced understanding of adjustment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Cohen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis
| | | | - Alanna Long
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Sean Phipps
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
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McGeehin Heilferty C. The Search for Balance: Prolonged Uncertainty in Parent Blogs of Childhood Cancer. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2018; 24:250-270. [PMID: 29732956 DOI: 10.1177/1074840718772310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Illness blogs are the online narrative expression of the experience of illness and its treatment. The purpose of the present research was to explore, describe, and analyze blog narratives created by parents during their child's cancer experience in the hope that knowledge generated would amplify the voices of these vulnerable families. The study aimed to answer this question: What themes are evident in illness blogs created by a parent when a child has cancer? The purposive sample of 14 parent blogs included publicly accessible, English language narratives that contained descriptions of life with a child who had undergone treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL; five blogs analyzed) or neuroblastoma (nine blogs analyzed) in the previous 5 years or who was currently undergoing treatment for these types of cancer. Analysis resulted in discovery of new knowledge of the uncertainty inherent in daily family life during illness and treatment. The parents' vivid depictions of the quest for balance while living with prolonged uncertainty during the illness experience suggested new ways to understand experiences of parents of children with cancer.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Questionnaire-based research has shown that parents exert a powerful influence on and are profoundly influenced by living with a child with chronic pain. Examination of parents' pain narratives through an observational lens offers an alternative approach to understanding the complexity of pediatric chronic pain; however, the narratives of parents of youth with chronic pain have been largely overlooked. The present study aimed to characterize the vulnerability-based and resilience-based aspects of the pain narratives of parents of youth with chronic pain. METHODS Pain narratives of 46 parents were recorded during the baseline session as part of 2 clinical trials evaluating a behavioral intervention for parents of youth with chronic pain. The narratives were coded for aspects of pain-related vulnerability and resilience. RESULTS Using exploratory cluster analysis, 2 styles of parents' pain narratives were identified. Distress narratives were characterized by more negative affect and an exclusively unresolved orientation toward the child's diagnosis of chronic pain, whereas resilience narratives were characterized by positive affect and a predominantly resolved orientation toward the child's diagnosis. Preliminary support for the validity of these clusters was provided through our finding of differences between clusters in parental pain catastrophizing about child pain (helplessness). DISCUSSION Findings highlight the multidimensional nature of parents' experience of their child's pain problem. Clinical implications in terms of assessment and treatment are discussed.
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Turner JK, Hutchinson A, Wilson C. Correlates of post-traumatic growth following childhood and adolescent cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology 2017; 27:1100-1109. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin K. Turner
- School of Psychology; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Amanda Hutchinson
- School of Psychology, Social Work & Social Policy; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Carlene Wilson
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer; Flinders University; Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre; Heidelberg VIC Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health; La Trobe University; Melbourne VIC Australia
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Soltani S, Neville A, Hurtubise K, Hildenbrand A, Noel M. Finding Silver Linings: A Preliminary Examination of Benefit Finding in Youth With Chronic Pain. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 43:285-293. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Soltani
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary
- Behaviour and the Developing Brain Theme, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute
| | - Alex Neville
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary
- Behaviour and the Developing Brain Theme, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute
| | - Karen Hurtubise
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke
| | | | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary
- Behaviour and the Developing Brain Theme, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute
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‘Having cancer was awful but also something good came out’: Post-traumatic growth among adult survivors of pediatric and adolescent cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2017; 28:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in Childhood Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9030026. [PMID: 28300764 PMCID: PMC5366821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study aims to analyze predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among gender, age, objective factors of the disease and its treatment, family environment factors and negative emotionality. The sample consisted of 97 childhood cancer survivors (50 girls and 47 boys) aged 11-25 years who were in remission 1.7 to seven years at T1 and four to 12.5 years at T2. Survivors completed a set of questionnaires including the Benefit Finding Scale for Children and the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Index. Regression and correlation analyses were performed. The relation between PTSS and PTG was not proven. A higher level of PTSS (T2) was associated with higher levels of negative emotionality (T1). A higher level of PTG (T2) was connected to a higher level of warmth in parenting (T1), female gender and older age at assessment. Medical variables such as the severity of late effects and the time from treatment completion did not play a significant role in the prediction of PTSS and PTG. PTG and PTSS are more influenced by factors of parenting and emotional well-being of childhood cancer survivors than by objective medical data.
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Straehla JP, Barton KS, Yi-Frazier JP, Wharton C, Baker KS, Bona K, Wolfe J, Rosenberg AR. The Benefits and Burdens of Cancer: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study of Adolescents and Young Adults. J Palliat Med 2017; 20:494-501. [PMID: 28051888 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2016.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and early young adults (AYAs) with cancer are at high risk for poor outcomes. Positive psychological responses such as benefit-finding may buffer the negative impacts of cancer but are poorly understood in this population. OBJECTIVE We aimed to prospectively describe the content and trajectory of benefit- and burden-finding among AYAs to develop potential targets for future intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS One-on-one semistructured interviews were conducted with English-speaking AYA patients (aged 14-25 years) within 60 days of diagnosis of a noncentral nervous system malignancy requiring chemotherapy, 6-12 and 12-18 months later. Interviews were coded using directed content analyses with a priori schema defined by existing theoretical frameworks, including changed sense of self, relationships, philosophy of life, and physical well-being. We compared the content, raw counts, and ratios of benefit-to-burden by patient and by time point. SETTING/SUBJECTS Seventeen participants at one tertiary academic medical center (mean age 17.1 years, SD = 2.7) with sarcoma (n = 8), acute leukemia (n = 6), and lymphoma (n = 3) completed 44 interviews with >100 hours of transcript-data. RESULTS Average benefit counts were higher than average burden counts at each time point; 68% of interviews had a benefit-to-burden ratio >1. Positive changed sense-of-self was the most common benefit across all time points (44% of all reported benefits); reports of physical distress were the most common burden (32%). Longitudinal analyses suggested perceptions evolved; participants tended to focus less on physical manifestations and more on personal strengths and life purpose. CONCLUSIONS AYAs with cancer identify more benefits than burdens throughout cancer treatment and demonstrate rapid maturation of perspectives. These findings not only inform communication practices with AYAs but also suggest opportunities for interventions to potentially improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle P Straehla
- 1 Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krysta S Barton
- 3 Cancer and Blood Disorders Center , Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,4 Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics , Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joyce P Yi-Frazier
- 3 Cancer and Blood Disorders Center , Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,5 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Claire Wharton
- 3 Cancer and Blood Disorders Center , Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin Scott Baker
- 3 Cancer and Blood Disorders Center , Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,5 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,6 Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington
| | - Kira Bona
- 1 Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts.,7 Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,8 Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joanne Wolfe
- 1 Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,7 Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,8 Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts.,9 Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abby R Rosenberg
- 3 Cancer and Blood Disorders Center , Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,4 Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics , Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,5 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,6 Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington
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Huston SA, Blount RL, Heidesch T, Southwood R. Resilience, emotion processing and emotion expression among youth with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17:623-631. [PMID: 26771087 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Poor adherence to self-care among youth with type-1 diabetes (YWD) can lead to significant long-term health problems. Negative diabetes-related emotions (NDRE) are common, and are significantly correlated with poor/deteriorating A1c. Resilient youth handle diabetes self-care challenges, such as adjusting for diabetes in public, better. Resiliency skills and perceptions include benefit finding (BF), fitting in with friends (FI), diabetes acceptance (DA), emotion processing (EP) and emotion expression (EE). First study goal: to verify structure of underlying measurement variables: NDRE, EP, EE, BF, DA, FI and comfort in adjusting for diabetes in public (CA) among youth 11-16 yr of age with diabetes. We also hypothesize: (i) YWD who engage in EP and EE will have higher levels of BF, FI, DA, (ii) EP and EE will moderate NDRE impact and (iii) higher levels of EP, EE, BF, FI and DA will be associated with higher CA. SUBJECTS 243 summer diabetes campers between 11-16 yr of age. METHODS Pre-camp survey. RESULTS Measurement variables were verified. EP and EE to friends were positively associated with BF, FI and DA for most YWD. NDRE was negatively associated with FI and DA, and for YWD aged 14-16 yr with CA. FI was positively associated with CA. EE moderated the impact of NDRE on CA among youth 11-13 yr. R2 for CA in youth 14-16 yr was 48.2%, for 11-13 yr was 38.3%. DA was positively associated with CA for youth 14-16 yr. CONCLUSIONS Resilience factors appear to influence CA either directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Huston
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute School of Pharmacy, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | - Ronald L Blount
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Troy Heidesch
- School of Nursing , College of Health Sciences, Brenau University, Gainesville, GA, USA
| | - Robin Southwood
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Wilson JZ, Marin D, Maxwell K, Cumming J, Berger R, Saini S, Ferguson W, Chibnall JT. Association of Posttraumatic Growth and Illness-Related Burden With Psychosocial Factors of Patient, Family, and Provider in Pediatric Cancer Survivors. J Trauma Stress 2016; 29:448-456. [PMID: 27580167 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Research has indicated that childhood cancer may lead to posttraumatic growth (PTG), given cancer's association with posttraumatic stress. PTG may be associated with family/home and health care dynamics, as well as parental resilience, distress, and coping. This cross-sectional study investigated the associations of psychosocial factors of the patient, family, and health care team with PTG and illness-related burden (IRB) in childhood cancer survivors. The sample comprised 61 children and adolescents (7-18 years of age), their parents, and their nurses. Respondents completed their assessment an average of 1.73 years after the end of treatment for the child's disease, which was either leukemia, a solid tumor, or lymphoma. Regression analyses showed that PTG was positively associated with the patients' posttraumatic stress symptoms. It was also positively associated with the parents' religious coping, and with measures of stronger family and oncologist relationships (R2 = .32). IRB was positively associated with patient-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms, negatively associated with the nurse's trust in the family, and positively associated with parent-reported mental distress, lower family socioeconomic status, and female gender (R2 = .53). There was no significant association with parenting style or parent-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms in the child. The findings suggested that the young cancer patient's psychosocial and resource milieu (e.g., financial) may be instrumental in PTG and IRB. Psychosocial interventions with high-risk families and their health care teams could increase growth and reduce burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zachary Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Donna Marin
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katherine Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph Cumming
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shermini Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Ferguson
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John T Chibnall
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Children’s Spiritual Lives: The Development of a Children’s Spirituality Measure. RELIGIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rel7080095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chaves C, Hervas G, Vazquez C. Granting wishes of seriously ill children: Effects on parents’ well-being. J Health Psychol 2016; 21:2314-27. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105315576348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether a positive intervention (i.e. granting a wish) in children with a chronic illness could promote positive psychological responses in their parents. Hospitalized children were randomly assigned to either the wish group or to a waiting-list control group. Mothers and fathers’ responses ( N = 86 and 38, respectively) were studied. Parents from the wish group showed higher levels of positive emotions and beliefs in a benevolent world than the control group. Mothers from the wish group reported higher benefit finding, gratitude, and love than those in the control group. Given that the child’s illness inevitably affects their parents, it is important to promote studies that include parents’ well-being dimensions.
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