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Lan YY, Kovinthapillai R, Kędzia A, Niechciał E. Age-based challenges to type 1 diabetes management in the pediatric population. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1434276. [PMID: 39286453 PMCID: PMC11402681 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1434276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is rising in the pediatric population, affecting approximately 1.2 million children and adolescents globally. Its complex pathogenesis involves the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, leading to T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. This destruction results in insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia. Hence, managing type 1 diabetes requires a comprehensive approach that includes various aspects such as blood glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, carbohydrate counting, caloric intake monitoring, considering family habits and food preferences, planning daily schedules, and incorporating physical activity. Children with type 1 diabetes encounter age-specific challenges in disease management that may exacerbate the risk of metabolic complications and adverse health outcomes. These risk factors may be neurological, physiological, behavioral, psychological, or social, complicate management and necessitate tailored approaches for effective care. Regardless of the age group, primary caregivers have a high responsibility to maintain optimal glycemic control, including monitoring diet, daily activity, and administering insulin. By reviewing research on the challenges faced by pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes, we summarized key insights aimed at developing targeted interventions and support systems that enhance diabetes management and improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yi Lan
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rujith Kovinthapillai
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędzia
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Niechciał
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Pierce JS, Enlow P, Thomas C, Price J, Rachel W, Wysocki T, Alderfer MA. Parent and adolescent perspectives on a novel transdisciplinary model of healthcare delivery for type 1 diabetes. CLINICAL PRACTICE IN PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 12:279-290. [PMID: 39310916 PMCID: PMC11415229 DOI: 10.1037/cpp0000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to obtain pre-adolescent/adolescent and parent input on a proposed transdisciplinary model for routine type 1 diabetes (T1D) healthcare in which an advanced practice nurse, dietitian, and psychologist with expertise in T1D and extensive cross-discipline training co-deliver care during quarterly T1D care visits using a family-focused approach. Methods Participants were 17 parent-youth dyads plus one additional adolescent who responded to open-ended questions about the structure and format of the proposed transdisciplinary care model via an online, private social network. A six-member coding team developed and revised a codebook, coded question responses through iterative cycles of inductive coding, and distilled major recurring themes to obtain perspectives on the transdisciplinary care model and feedback on improving the model. Results We identified nine themes regarding reactions to our proposed transdisciplinary care model, which fell into three broad categories: 1) General Perceptions of Transdisciplinary Care (e.g., Transdisciplinary Care may facilitate improved communication and collaboration among providers and result in more holistic care); 2) Perceptions about Transdisciplinary Care Providers (e.g., Perspectives on the inclusion of dietitians and psychologists as members of the transdisciplinary care team were mixed); and 3) Suggestions for Improving the Transdisciplinary Care Model (e.g., Ensure care is patient/family centered and holistic). Conclusions The present findings provided important feedback to modify our transdisciplinary care model and on parent and youth preferences for T1D healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Pierce
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Florida
- University Central Florida College of Medicine
| | - Paul Enlow
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Courtney Thomas
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware
| | - Julia Price
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Wasserman Rachel
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Florida
- University Central Florida College of Medicine
| | - Tim Wysocki
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville
| | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
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3
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Mitchell AE, Morawska A, Lohan A, Filus A, Batch J. Randomised controlled trial of the Healthy Living Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for families of children with type 1 diabetes. J Child Health Care 2024; 28:235-255. [PMID: 35950339 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This randomised controlled trial examined the efficacy of a brief, group-based parenting program in improving child and family outcomes for families of children with type 1 diabetes. Families (N = 50) of children (2-10 years) with type 1 diabetes were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 22) or care-as-usual (n = 28). Assessments (pre-intervention, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up) evaluated parent- and child-reported parenting behaviour, child behaviour/adjustment and child quality of life (primary outcomes); and metabolic control (routinely-collected blood glucose data), parents' self-efficacy with diabetes management, diabetes-specific child behaviour difficulties, family quality of life, parents' diabetes-related and general parenting stress and observed parent and child behaviour (secondary outcomes). Intent-to-treat analyses indicated greater rate of improvement over time for families allocated to intervention compared to care-as-usual for use of corporal punishment (primary caregivers only), and confidence with managing children's emotions/behaviours, parent-rated child quality of life and adjustment to the child's illness (secondary caregivers only). There were no other intervention effects. Although families found the intervention useful, low levels of psychosocial problems at baseline limited the scope for group-level improvement and there was limited evidence for intervention efficacy. Individually-tailored measures of goal-specific behaviour change may be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aditi Lohan
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ania Filus
- DaVita Clinical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Batch
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Monzon AD, Clements MA, Patton SR. Group engagement in parent-focused telehealth interventions for families of children with type 1 diabetes. J Telemed Telecare 2024; 30:505-513. [PMID: 34931878 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x211067074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Group engagement is an important component of video-based telehealth interventions, yet this construct remains understudied. In the present study, we applied a multidimensional conceptualization of group engagement in two video-based telehealth interventions that either aimed to reduce fear of hypoglycemia or diabetes distress in parents of children with type 1 diabetes. We examined variability in group engagement across parents and assessed the relationship between parents' level of group engagement and their treatment outcomes. METHODS Twenty-nine parents participated in one of two manualized, closed-group, telehealth interventions and completed outcome measures pre- and post-treatment. We behaviorally coded telehealth sessions based on six dimensions of group engagement using the Group Engagement Measure (inter-rater reliability = 0.94). We examined correlations between group engagement dimensions, parent psychosocial well-being, and child hemoglobin A1c. Further, we examined independent sample t-tests to assess differences between treatment groups. RESULTS Mean parent age was 37.69 ± 6.83 years, mean child age was 7.69 ± 3.76 years, and mean child hemoglobin A1c was 8.06 ± 1.27% (41.4% had a hemoglobin A1c <7.5%). Parents who spent more time attending to other group member's issues, reported lower hypoglycemia fear at post-treatment, and parents who showed more active support of the group leader's purpose/goals during the session also reported fewer depressive symptoms at post-treatment. DISCUSSION We identify several dimensions of group engagement that are associate with improved parent psychosocial and child hemoglobin A1c outcomes. Intervention designs that use group engagement to guide treatment planning or inform treatment-related decisions in video-based telehealth interventions could help families achieve more optimal treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Monzon
- University of Kansas College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Clinical Child Psychology, USA
| | - Mark A Clements
- Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Endocrine/Diabetes Clinical Research, USA
| | - Susana R Patton
- Nemours Children's Health, Nemours Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, USA
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Driscoll CFB, Christofferson J, McWhorter LG, Demianczyk AC, Brosig CL, Jackson EA, Gramszlo C, Zyblewski SC, Kazak AE, Sood E. A Psychosocial Care Model for Families Affected by Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2023; 24:901-909. [PMID: 37318266 PMCID: PMC10721719 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a model of family-based psychosocial care for congenital heart disease (CHD). DESIGN Qualitative study using crowdsourced data collected from parents of young children with CHD who received care across 42 hospitals. SETTING Yammer, a social networking platform used to facilitate online crowdsourcing and qualitative data collection. SUBJECTS Geographically diverse sample of 100 parents (72 mothers and 28 fathers) of young children with CHD. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Parents joined a private group on Yammer and responded to 37 open-ended study questions over a 6-month period. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using an iterative process. Three broad themes corresponding to pillars of family-based psychosocial care were identified: pillar 1) parent partnership in family-integrated medical care, pillar 2) supportive interactions focused on parent and family wellbeing, and pillar 3) integrated psychosocial care and peer support for parents and families. Each pillar was supported by subthemes corresponding to specific intervention strategies. Most parents described the need for intervention strategies across multiple pillars, with almost half reporting needs across all three pillars of psychosocial care. Parents' preferences for psychosocial support changed over time with changes to their child's medical status and across care settings (e.g., hospital, outpatient clinic). CONCLUSIONS Results support a model of family-based psychosocial care that is multidimensional and flexible to meet the needs of families affected by CHD. All members of the healthcare team play an important role in providing psychosocial support. Future research incorporating components of implementation science is needed to promote uptake of these findings, with the goal of optimizing family-based psychosocial support in the hospital setting and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen F. Bechtel Driscoll
- Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Jennifer Christofferson
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Linda G. McWhorter
- Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Abigail C. Demianczyk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Cardiac Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Brosig
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin & Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8915 W Connell Ct, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Emily A. Jackson
- Department of Patient and Family Services, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Colette Gramszlo
- Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Sinai C. Zyblewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St. Ste. 601, MSC 617, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anne E. Kazak
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica Sood
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
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Franklin MK, Karpyn A, Christofferson J, McWhorter LG, Demianczyk AC, Brosig CL, Jackson EA, Lihn S, Zyblewski SC, Kazak AE, Sood E. Barriers and facilitators to discussing parent mental health within child health care: Perspectives of parents raising a child with congenital heart disease. J Child Health Care 2023; 27:360-373. [PMID: 34879743 PMCID: PMC9174345 DOI: 10.1177/13674935211058010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to discussing parent mental health within child health care for parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Seventy-nine parents of young children with CHD who received care across 40 hospitals in the United States responded to questions about barriers and facilitators to discussing their mental health with their child's health care providers. Responses were analyzed using qualitative research methods. Parents described multiple barriers: (1) belief that parent mental health support was outside the care team's scope of practice, (2) perceived expectation to "stay strong," (3) fear of negative judgment or repercussion, (4) individual preferences for communication/support, (5) desire to maintain care resources on their child, (6) perceived need to compartmentalize emotions, and (7) negative reactions to past emotional disclosure. Parents also described several facilitators: (1) confidence in the care team's ability to provide support, (2) intentional efforts by the care team to provide support, (3) naturally extroverted tendencies, and (4) developing personal connections with health care providers. It is important that health care providers normalize the impact of child illness on the family and create an environment in which parents feel comfortable discussing mental health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K. Franklin
- Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Allison Karpyn
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, 111 Alison Hall West, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Jennifer Christofferson
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Linda G. McWhorter
- Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Abigail C. Demianczyk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Cardiac Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Brosig
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin & Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8915 W Connell Ct, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Emily A. Jackson
- Department of Patient and Family Services, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | | | - Sinai C. Zyblewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St. Ste. 601, MSC 617, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anne E. Kazak
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erica Sood
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
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Choi S, Shin H. The burdens faced by parents of preschoolers with type 1 diabetes mellitus: an integrative review. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2023; 29:166-181. [PMID: 37554085 PMCID: PMC10415842 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2023.29.3.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the literature concerning the burdens of parents of preschool-aged children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We employed an integrative review methodology based on Whittemore and Knafl's framework. The literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO. Ultimately, 18 articles were included in the review. RESULTS The review yielded four themes: (1) parental burdens, (2) factors related to the burdens, (3) coping strategies, and (4) implications for clinical practice. Parents experienced psychological, physical, and social burdens due to the diabetes care of their children. Several factors influenced burdens, including child-related characteristics such as age, severity of diabetes, and hospitalization experience, as well as parental factors like family income, race, and residential area. Parents initially felt burdened when their child was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, but over time, they often adapted to the situation through support and sharing of responsibilities. Parents desired education and interventions reflecting the unique characteristics of preschoolers. CONCLUSION This integrative literature review revealed that parents experience numerous burdens when their child is diagnosed with diabetes. Future research should focus on developing interventions to address parents' psychological difficulties, including tracking parental psychological changes over time. Tailored nursing interventions should also be provided to parents of preschool-aged children, as opposed to the more generic nursing interventions traditionally applied across all age groups of children in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyeob Choi
- Graduate Student, College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Shin
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Cho MK, Kim MY. Factors Affecting Depression and Its Relation to Sleep Quality among Parents of Type 1 Diabetes Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070992. [PMID: 37046919 PMCID: PMC10094169 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated factors affecting depression (CES-D) among parents of patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), a chronic disease that requires constant management. A complex set of factors influence depression in parents and thus requires further research. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A survey on related variables was conducted on 217 parents of patients with T1DM. The collected data were analyzed using the PASW Statistics program, and factors influencing participants’ depression were identified through stepwise multiple regression. The results show that three variables exerted a significant effect on depression (source of information, resilience–personal competence, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index score), and all the variables explained a majority of the variance in depression. The results indicate that the parents of patients with T1DM were less depressed when the source of information was personal, when their resilience–personal competence was high, and when their Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score was low. Interventions targeting parents of patients with T1DM should be performed with positive information on how to overcome diabetes in their children, increase resilience–personal competence, and increase sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju KR28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul KR04763, Republic of Korea
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Sousa FAMDR, Andrade MDLMS, de Oliveira CMGS. Transition from parents to caregivers of a child with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a scoping review. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76:e20220201. [PMID: 36722648 PMCID: PMC9885367 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to map and summarize the existing scientific evidence on parents' transition experience to exercise the caregiver role of a child with 1DM, identifying gaps in knowledge of this experience. METHODS a scoping review was carried out based on JBI methodology, in two databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. RESULTS we included 31 articles. From the studies, constitutive elements of parents' transition experience to caregiver role of a child with 1DM were found, which focused on the nature of the experience, the feelings and emotions experienced, the hindering conditions, the facilitating conditions, the strategies used by parents and the results or effects obtained. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS the transition process' characterizing elements were identified, but not a theoretical explanation of it. Additional research should be carried out in order to allow a deeper understanding of this process.
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10
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Sousa FAMDR, Andrade MDLMS, Oliveira CMGSD. Transição de pais para cuidadores de um filho com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1: scoping review. Rev Bras Enferm 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0201pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivos: mapear e resumir a evidência científica existente sobre a experiência de transição dos pais para o exercício do papel de cuidador de um filho com DM1, identificando lacunas existentes no conhecimento dessa experiência. Métodos: efetuada revisão scoping baseada na metodologia do JBI, em duas bases de dados, seguindo a checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Resultados: foram incluídos 31 artigos. A partir dos estudos, foram encontrados elementos constitutivos da experiência de transição dos pais para o papel de cuidador de um filho com DM1, que se centraram na natureza da experiência, nos sentimentos e emoções experimentadas, nas condições dificultadoras, nas condições facilitadoras, nas estratégias utilizadas pelos pais e nos resultados ou efeitos obtidos. Considerações finais: identificaram-se elementos caracterizadores do processo de transição, mas não uma explicação teórica do mesmo. Investigação adicional deverá ser realizada, a fim de permitir compreender aprofundadamente este processo.
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11
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Wilcocks CP, Enlow P, Wasserman R, Wysocki T, Lee J, Aroian K, Pierce JS. Development and Evaluation of the Pediatric Diabetes Routine Questionnaire for Parents of Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022; 30:216-226. [PMID: 35716238 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Pediatric Diabetes Routines Questionnaire for Parents of Young Children (PDRQ-PYC) with type 1 diabetes, a measure adapted from the school-age and adolescent versions of the PDRQ, to measure diabetes-specific routines in families with children under age 6 years with type 1 diabetes. Participants included 173 parents of young children with type 1 diabetes (YC-T1D) who completed measures of diabetes-specific routines, diabetes adjustment, self-efficacy, benefit finding, depression, child behavior problems, spousal support, and T1D treatment engagement. Exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor model consisting of a unidimensional PDRQ-PYC total score. The PDRQ-PYC total score demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity, and criterion validity. The present study demonstrates that PDRQ-PYC is a valuable and feasible tool for measuring the consistency and regularity with which families of YC-T1D perform T1D management tasks. Along with the school-age and adolescent versions of the PDRQ, the PDRQ-PYC now provides the ability to assess diabetes-specific routines from early childhood through adolescence and findings support the notion that routines are associated with engagement in diabetes tasks.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03222180 (first posted July 19, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea P Wilcocks
- Division of Behavioral Health, Nemours Children's Hospital Delaware, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Paul Enlow
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Wasserman
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.,University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Tim Wysocki
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joyce Lee
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen Aroian
- University of Central Florida College of Nursing, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jessica S Pierce
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA. .,University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Patton SR, Pierce JS, Fox L, Benson M, Mc Donough R, Clements MA. Remedy to Diabetes Distress (R2D2): Development protocol for a scalable screen-to-treat program for families of school-age children. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 119:106829. [PMID: 35716992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-age children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) need help from parents or other adult caregivers (caregivers) to effectively manage T1D, resulting in greater vulnerability to Diabetes Distress (DD) for both children and caregivers. Unfortunately, there are no scalable screen-to-treat programs for clinics to adopt to identify and treat DD in school-age families. METHODS AND ANALYSES We aim to design a scalable, clinic-based screen-to-treat program for DD in families of school-age children and to test whether our new program to reduce caregiver and child DD also reduces child glycemic levels. Our Remedy to Diabetes Distress (R2D2) program will target caregivers and children with T1D who are between 8 and 12 years old. It will merge routine and automated surveillance of DD in the clinical setting with at home digital delivery of a theory-based behavioral and psychological treatment of DD. We will use the ORBIT Model for Behavioral Intervention development to guide four small and cost-effective formative studies to develop our R2D2 program and assess initial treatment effects. In tandem, we will implement clinic-based DD screening in school-age families and assess feasibility and acceptability of our screening platform as a Quality Improvement activity. The study started in September 2020 and is scheduled to conclude in 2025. CONCLUSIONS The study will use a single Institutional Review Board (IRB) with Children's Mercy-Kansas City operating as the IRB of record. We will disseminate study results through presentations at scientific conferences and through peer-reviewed journals read by the psychology and diabetes care communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana R Patton
- Nemours Children's Health-Jacksonville, 807 Children's Way, Jacksonville, FL 32207, United States of America.
| | - Jessica S Pierce
- Nemours Children's Health-Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States of America.
| | - Larry Fox
- Nemours Children's Health-Jacksonville, 807 Children's Way, Jacksonville, FL 32207, United States of America.
| | - Matthew Benson
- Nemours Children's Health-Jacksonville, 807 Children's Way, Jacksonville, FL 32207, United States of America.
| | - Ryan Mc Donough
- Children's Mercy-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America.
| | - Mark A Clements
- Children's Mercy-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America.
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Relationship between Diabetes Family Conflicts or Problem Recognition in Illness Self-Management and Quality of Life of Adolescents with T1DM and Their Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010710. [PMID: 34682456 PMCID: PMC8535413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes family conflicts or problem recognition in illness self-management (PRISM) and the parental perceived quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their parents. This was a cross-sectional study, and the participants comprised 111 parents of type 1 diabetes adolescents; data were collected via an online survey and analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis using the IBM SPSS 25.0 program. The explanatory power of the QoL model in parents of adolescents with T1DM, constructed using three variables—diabetes family conflict (B = −0.56), regimen pain and bother (B = −11.25), and peer interactions (B = −7.48), which are PRISM barriers—was 35.7% (F = 5.70, p < 0.001). Diabetes family conflicts (B = −0.86) and peer interactions (B = −9.04) explained 57.3% of the variance in the parental perceived QoL of adolescents with T1DM (F = 12.33, p < 0.001). In order to improve the QoL in parents and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, interventions to effectively manage diabetes family conflicts and improve peer interactions are necessary.
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14
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Shneider C, Hilliard ME, Monaghan M, Tully C, Wang CH, Sinisterra M, Jones J, Levy W, Streisand R. Recruiting and retaining parents in behavioral intervention trials: Strategies to consider. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 108:106502. [PMID: 34237457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recruitment and retention are paramount to the success of randomized controlled trials (RCTs); however, strategies and challenges to optimize recruitment and retention are often omitted from outcomes papers. The current manuscript presents strategies used to recruit and retain over 97% parents of young children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for over 15-months post-randomization enrolled in First STEPS, a behavioral, two-site RCT. METHOD Participants included 157 primary caregivers of young children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Recruitment and retention strategies are described and include collaboration with medical teams, careful selection and training of study staff, inclusion of a behavioral run-in prior to randomization, financial incentives, creation of a study identity using retention items, obtainment of feedback from community stakeholders, and minimization of participant burden. RESULTS Use of recruitment and retention strategies resulted in enrollment of 58% of eligible and reached families, with retention of the enrolled sample above 97% for over 15 months. Participants reported high acceptability of and satisfaction with specific recruitment and retention strategies. CONCLUSIONS The strategies used to recruit and retain caregivers of young children newly diagnosed with a chronic illness were feasible to implement within multidisciplinary diabetes clinics and may apply to other pediatric populations. Future research may benefit from a focus on strategies to engage more diverse samples. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02527525.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Shneider
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Maureen Monaghan
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Carrie Tully
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Christine H Wang
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Jasmine Jones
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Wendy Levy
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Randi Streisand
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America.
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15
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Monzon A, Kahhan N, Marker A, Patton S. Challenges and Considerations for Reducing Diabetes Distress and Fear of Hypoglycemia in Parents of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2021; 4:e25106. [PMID: 33848256 PMCID: PMC8074947 DOI: 10.2196/25106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes management can be challenging for children and their families. To address psychosocial concerns for parents of youth with type 1 diabetes, we developed two parent-focused interventions to reduce their diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia. Our team conducted several of these interventions during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and recognized a need to make timely adjustments to our interventions. In this viewpoint article, we describe our experience conducting these manualized treatment groups during the pandemic, the range of challenges and concerns specific to COVID-19 that parents expressed, and how we adjusted our approach to better address parents' treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Monzon
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Nicole Kahhan
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Arwen Marker
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Susana Patton
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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16
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Sood E, Wysocki T, Alderfer MA, Aroian K, Christofferson J, Karpyn A, Kazak AE, Pierce J. Topical Review: Crowdsourcing as a Novel Approach to Qualitative Research. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:189-196. [PMID: 33236059 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a novel, five-phase approach to collecting qualitative data from hard-to-reach populations using crowdsourcing methods. METHODS Drawing from experiences across recent studies with type 1 diabetes and congenital heart disease stakeholders, we describe five phases of crowdsourcing methodology, an innovative approach to conducting qualitative research within an online environment, and discuss relevant practical and ethical issues. RESULTS Phases of crowdsourcing methodology are: (I) Preparing; (II) Forming Crowds; (III) Collecting Crowdsourced Data; (IV) Coding and Analyzing Crowdsourced Data; and (V) Generating and Disseminating Findings. Iterative feedback from stakeholders is obtained in all five phases. Practical and ethical issues include accessing diverse stakeholders, emotional engagement of crowd participants, responsiveness and transparency of crowdsourcing methodology, and limited personal contact with crowd participants. CONCLUSIONS Crowdsourcing is an innovative, efficient, feasible, and timely approach to engaging hard-to-reach populations in qualitative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sood
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System.,Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children.,Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children.,Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Tim Wysocki
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System
| | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System.,Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Karen Aroian
- University of Central Florida, College of Nursing
| | | | - Allison Karpyn
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware
| | - Anne E Kazak
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System.,Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Jessica Pierce
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System.,Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida
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17
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Fathers of Children With Congenital Heart Disease: Sources of Stress and Opportunities for Intervention. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020; 21:e1002-e1009. [PMID: 32639475 PMCID: PMC7609567 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine sources of stress for fathers of children with congenital heart disease and opportunities for intervention to prevent or reduce paternal mental health problems. DESIGN Qualitative study using online crowdsourcing, an innovative research methodology to create an online community to serve as a research sample. SETTING Yammer, an online social networking site. SUBJECTS Geographically diverse sample of 70 parents (25 fathers and 45 mothers) of young children with congenital heart disease. INTERVENTIONS Participants joined a private group on Yammer and responded to 37 open-ended study questions over a 6-month period. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using an iterative process, and themes regarding sources of stress for fathers of children with congenital heart disease and opportunities for intervention were identified. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Four broad themes regarding sources of stress for fathers of children with congenital heart disease emerged from the qualitative data from both mothers and fathers: societal expectations for fatherhood and standards of masculinity, balancing work and family responsibilities, feeling overlooked as a partner in care, and lack of father supports. To begin to address these sources of stress, participants recommended that care teams acknowledge and normalize the impact of congenital heart disease on fathers, provide support for balancing work and family responsibilities, recognize and promote father knowledge and engagement, and provide formal and informal supports for fathers of children with congential heart disease. CONCLUSIONS Fathers of children with congenital heart disease experience unique sources of stress in the absence of targeted interventions to meet their needs. Care teams play an important role in acknowledging the experiences of fathers and including and engaging fathers in care.
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the parenting priorities of mothers and fathers of infants hospitalised with CHD and generate recommendations to support parenting during infant hospitalisation. STUDY DESIGN Through online crowdsourcing, an innovative research methodology to create an online community to serve as a research sample, 79 parents of young children with CHD responded to questions about parenting during hospitalisation via private social networking site. Responses were analysed using qualitative research methods. RESULTS Three broad themes were identified: (1) establishing a bond with my baby, (2) asserting the parental role, and (3) coping with fear and uncertainty. Parents value provider support in restoring normalcy to the parenting experience during infant hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS Care teams can support parenting during infant hospitalisation by promoting parents' roles as primary caretakers and decision-makers and attending to the emotional impact of infant hospitalisation on the family.
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19
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Arabiat D, Al Jabery M, Whitehead L. A concept analysis of psychological distress in parents related to diabetes management in children and adolescents. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2020; 25:e12287. [PMID: 31971657 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a concept analysis of parents' psychological distress in the context of diabetes management among children and adolescents. A clear understanding of the possible impact of diabetes management on parents will help to inform how nurses can work with parents to support glycaemic control in children and adolescents. DESIGN AND METHOD Concept analysis using Walker and Avant's eight-stage approach was used as a guiding framework. PubMed, OVID (CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo), the Cochrane library and the Joanna Briggs library were searched for the past 50 years. RESULTS Thirty-three studies provided data for the concept analysis. Attributes included difficulty coping, changes in emotional status and manifestations of mental health problems. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Based on the literature synthesis, we suggest all facets of distress related to diabetes can in principle be inferred through the proposed relationship between distress and other interactions of individual coping, caring burden and family relational functioning. The proposed conceptual model linking antecedents' factors and individual characteristics of parents to the concepts of psychological distress may assist researchers to design interventions for supporting diabetes management in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Arabiat
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Nursing, Maternal and Child Nursing Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Jabery
- Faculty of Education, Department of Special Education, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lisa Whitehead
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, western Australia, Australia.,Postgraduate Centre for Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchursch, New Zealand
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20
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Ndjaboue R, Chipenda Dansokho S, Boudreault B, Tremblay MC, Dogba MJ, Price R, Delgado P, McComber AM, Drescher O, McGavock J, Witteman H. Patients' perspectives on how to improve diabetes care and self-management: qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032762. [PMID: 32354775 PMCID: PMC7213839 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People living with diabetes need and deserve high-quality, individualised care. However, providing such care remains a challenge in many countries, including Canada. Patients' expertise, if acknowledged and adequately translated, could help foster patient-centred care. This study aimed to describe Expert Patients' knowledge, wisdom and advice to others with diabetes and to health professionals to improve diabetes self-management and care. DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited a convenience sample of 21 men and women. Participants were people of diverse backgrounds who are Patient Partners in a national research network (hereafter Expert Patients). We interviewed and video-recorded their knowledge, wisdom and advice for health professionals and for others with diabetes. Three researchers independently analysed videos using inductive framework analysis, identifying themes through discussion and consensus. Expert Patients were involved in all aspects of study design, conduct, analysis and knowledge translation. RESULTS Acknowledging and accepting the reality of diabetes, receiving support from family and care teams and not letting diabetes control one's life are essential to live well with diabetes. To improve diabetes care, health professionals should understand and acknowledge the impact of diabetes on patients and their families, and communicate with patients openly, respectfully, with empathy and cultural competency. CONCLUSION Expert Patients pointed to a number of areas of improvement in diabetes care that may be actionable individually by patients or health professionals, and also collectively through intergroup collaboration. Improving the quality of care in diabetes is crucial for improving health outcomes for people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ndjaboue
- Office of Education and Continuing Professional Development, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Selma Chipenda Dansokho
- Office of Education and Continuing Professional Development, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bianca Boudreault
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Tremblay
- Office of Education and Continuing Professional Development, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maman Joyce Dogba
- Office of Education and Continuing Professional Development, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Alex M McComber
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Drescher
- Office of Education and Continuing Professional Development, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Holly Witteman
- Office of Education and Continuing Professional Development, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Enlow PT, Wasserman R, Aroian K, Lee J, Wysocki T, Pierce J. Development and Validation of the Parent-Preschoolers Diabetes Adjustment Scale (PP-DAS). J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:170-180. [PMID: 31710685 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article extends work on a social-ecological model of caregiver adjustment and describes the: (a) development and (b) validation of the Parent-Preschoolers Diabetes Adjustment Scale (PP-DAS), a broad measure of caregiver adjustment. METHODS Participants were caregivers (nstudy1 = 51; nstudy2 = 177) of very young children (<6 years old) with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). In study 1, researchers and stakeholders collaborated to develop 92 items using the 5 domains of a social-ecological model of caregiver adjustment to the challenges of raising a very young child with T1D, and parents and researchers provided feedback on these items. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to examine the factor structure of the PP-DAS. Reliability and validity were also examined. RESULTS After review by parents and researchers, 52 items were removed resulting in the 40-item version used in study 2. The CFA demonstrated poor fit with the five proposed domains of the social-ecological model, so an EFA was conducted and supported a different five-factor solution. Twenty items were removed due to low factor loadings or communalities, resulting in a final 20-item measure. The PP-DAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency (α's = .73-.84), convergent validity with parent psychological functioning and self-efficacy in T1D management, and criterion validity with hemoglobin A1c and adherence. CONCLUSIONS The PP-DAS is a valid and reliable measure of adjustment in caregivers of very young children with T1D. The PP-DAS may help identify caregivers who are having adjustment difficulties and would benefit from additional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Enlow
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children
| | - Rachel Wasserman
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital
| | - Karen Aroian
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida
| | - Joyce Lee
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan
| | - Tim Wysocki
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System
| | - Jessica Pierce
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital
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22
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Patton SR, Clements MA, Marker AM, Nelson EL. Intervention to reduce hypoglycemia fear in parents of young kids using video-based telehealth (REDCHiP). Pediatr Diabetes 2020; 21:112-119. [PMID: 31610073 PMCID: PMC7393613 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a new video-based telehealth intervention to reduce hypoglycemia fear in parents of young children with type 1 diabetes. METHODS We randomized 42 parents to either immediate treatment (reducing emotional distress for childhood hypoglycemia in parents, REDCHiP; n = 22) or a waitlist control (WAITLIST; n = 21) condition. REDCHiP parents completed a 10-session video-based telehealth intervention, while WAITLIST parents continued in usual care. After 14-weeks, WAITLIST parents completed the telehealth treatment. We examined for between group changes in parental hypoglycemia fear and parenting stress (n = 18 per condition), 3-month maintenance of treatment effects for parents randomized to REDCHiP (n = 15), and pre-post changes for the entire sample (n = 36). RESULTS Mostly mothers participated (97.6%). They reported a mean age of 35.2 ± 5.0 years at pre-treatment. Children were 4.4 ± 1.4 years old and 59.5% boys. Between group comparisons showed a significant reduction in hypoglycemia fear (P = .04) and a trend toward reduction in parenting stress-frequency (P = .092) for REDCHiP parents compared to WAITLIST parents. After the three-month maintenance period, REDCHiP parents reported significant reductions in hypoglycemia fear, parenting stress-frequency, and parenting stress-difficulty (P's < .01) compared to pre-treatment. When all parents received the telehealth treatment, we also observed significant reductions in hypoglycemia fear, parenting stress-frequency, and parenting stress-difficulty (P's < .001), and sensitivity analyses revealed a significant reduction in child glycated hemoglobin for children who entered the treatment above target (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our new video-based telehealth intervention appears to reduce hypoglycemia fear and parenting stress and may help parents of very young children with T1D to better achieve optimal child glycemic control when children are above target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana R. Patton
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kansas City, KS;,Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO
| | - Mark A. Clements
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO;,Children’s Mercy-Kansas City, Division of Endocrinology, Kansas City, MO
| | - Arwen M. Marker
- University of Kansas, Clinical Child Psychology Program, Lawrence, KS
| | - Eve-Lynn Nelson
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kansas City, KS
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23
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Pierce JS, Wasserman R, Enlow P, Aroian K, Lee J, Wysocki T. Benefit finding among parents of young children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:652-660. [PMID: 31006941 PMCID: PMC7416424 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefit finding, perceived positive effects of adversity, has been associated with psychological well-being in people with chronic illnesses and with better adherence for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our qualitative research with parents of young children (< 6 years old) with T1D indicated that benefit finding (BF) is a common parental coping mechanism, but no tools exist to measure BF in parents. We determined psychometric properties of the Diabetes Benefit Finding Scale for Parents (DBFS-P), a 16-item questionnaire adapted from the validated adolescent version. Parents of young children with T1D (n = 172) were participants in a randomized trial of an online intervention. We examined the DBFS-P factor structure through principal component analysis (PCA); internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha; convergent validity via bivariate correlations between the DBFS-P and measures of parental depression, anxiety, T1D self-efficacy, and hypoglycemia fear; and discriminant validity via bivariate correlations between the DBFS-P and measures of parental somatization and child behavior problems. PCA revealed one factor (56.47% variance) with Cronbach's α = 0.95. Convergent validity of the DBFS-P was supported by significant correlations with parental depression (r = -0.35, P < 0.001), anxiety (r = -0.20, P = 0.008), T1D self-efficacy (r = 0.36, P < 0.001), and hypoglycemia fear (r = 0.27, P < 0.001). Non-significant correlations with parental somatization (r = -0.06, P = 0.42) and child behavior problems (r = -0.12, P = 0.14) support its discriminant validity. The DBFS-P demonstrated good psychometric properties as a tool for assessing BF among caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Pierce
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Rachel Wasserman
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Paul Enlow
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Karen Aroian
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Joyce Lee
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tim Wysocki
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, Florida
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24
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Wysocki T, Pierce J, Caldwell C, Aroian K, Miller L, Farless R, Hafezzadeh I, McAninch T, Lee JM. A Web-Based Coping Intervention by and for Parents of Very Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: User-Centered Design. JMIR Diabetes 2018; 3:e16. [PMID: 30559089 PMCID: PMC6307695 DOI: 10.2196/diabetes.9926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) among children aged <6 years is exceptionally challenging for parents and caregivers. Metabolic and psychosocial outcomes among very young children with T1D (YC-T1D) are tightly associated with their parents’ ability to meet these challenges. There is scant research testing interventions targeting these issues and few resources to equip health care providers with feasible and effective coping strategies for these parents. User-centered design (UCD) of a continuously accessible Web-based resource could be a mechanism for helping parents of YC-T1D cope more effectively with the complex challenges they face by providing them with information, solutions, and emotional support. Objective The objectives of this paper are to (1) describe the application of UCD principles to the development of a Web-based coping intervention designed by and for parents of very young children (<6 years old) with T1D; (2) illustrate the use of crowdsourcing methods in obtaining the perspectives of parents, health care providers, and Web development professionals in designing and creating this resource; and (3) summarize the design of an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) that is evaluating the effects of parental access to this resource on pertinent child and parent outcomes. Methods This paper illustrates the application of UCD principles to create a Web-based coping resource designed by and for parents of YC-T1D. A Web-based Parent Crowd, a Health Care Provider Crowd, and a Focus Group of minority parents provided input throughout the design process. A formal usability testing session and design webinars yielded additional stakeholder input to further refine the end product. Results This paper describes the completed website and the ongoing RCT to evaluate the effects of using this Web-based resource on pertinent parent and child outcomes. Conclusions UCD principles and the targeted application of crowdsourcing methods provided the foundation for the development, construction, and evaluation of a continuously accessible, archived, user-responsive coping resource designed by and for parents of YC-T1D. The process described here could be a template for the development of similar resources for other special populations that are enduring specific medical or psychosocial distress. The ongoing RCT is the final step in the UCD process and is designed to validate its merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wysocki
- Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica Pierce
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Cindy Caldwell
- Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Karen Aroian
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Louis Miller
- eCity Interactive, Inc, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Terri McAninch
- Nemours Foundation, Department of Marketing and Communication, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Joyce M Lee
- Child Health Evaluation Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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