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Guo P, Du H, Mao Q, Deng Y, Wang X, Li J, Xiong B, Fan X, Wang D, Agathokleous E, Ma M. The duality of sulfate-reducing bacteria: Reducing methylmercury production in rhizosphere but enhancing accumulation in rice plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135049. [PMID: 38970973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are known to alter methylmercury (MeHg) production in paddy soil, but the effect of SRB on MeHg dynamics in rhizosphere and rice plants remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the impact of SRB on MeHg levels in unsterilized and γ-sterilized mercury-polluted paddy soils, with the aim to close this knowledge gap. Results showed that the presence of SRB reduced MeHg production by ∼22 % and ∼17 % in the two soils, but elevated MeHg contents by approximately 55 % and 99 % in rice grains, respectively. Similar trend at smaller scales were seen in roots and shoots. SRB inoculation exerted the most profound impact on amino acid metabolism in roots, with the relative response of L-arginine positively linking to MeHg concentrations in rhizosphere. The SRB-induced enrichment of MeHg in rice plants may be interpreted by the stronger presence of endophytic nitrogen-related microbes (e.g. Methylocaldum, Hyphomicrobium and Methylocystis) and TGA transcription factors interacting with glutathione metabolism and calmodulin. Our study provides valuable insights into the complex effects of SRB inoculation on MeHg dynamics in rice ecosystems, and may help to develop strategies to effectively control MeHg accumulation in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Guo
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hongxia Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Innovative Application of Genetic Technology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qiaozhi Mao
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yuhan Deng
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xun Wang
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 401120, PR China
| | - Bingcai Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Innovative Application of Genetic Technology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xu Fan
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Shehzad J, Khan I, Zaheer S, Farooq A, Chaudhari SK, Mustafa G. Insights into heavy metal tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species: physiological, biochemical, and molecular interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108448-108476. [PMID: 37924172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of soil due to anthropogenic activities has led to bioaccumulation and biomagnification, posing toxic effects on plants by interacting with vital cellular biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. Brassica species have developed complex physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for adaptability, tolerance, and survival under these conditions. This review summarizes the HM tolerance strategies of Brassica species, covering the role of root exudates, microorganisms, cell walls, cell membranes, and organelle-specific proteins. The first line of defence against HM stress in Brassica species is the avoidance strategy, which involves metal ion precipitation, root sorption, and metal exclusion. The use of plant growth-promoting microbes, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Rhizobium species effectively immobilizes HMs and reduces their uptake by Brassica roots. The roots of Brassica species efficiently detoxify metals, particularly by flavonoid glycoside exudation. The composition of the cell wall and callose deposition also plays a crucial role in enhancing HMs resistance in Brassica species. Furthermore, plasma membrane-associated transporters, BjCET, BjPCR, BjYSL, and BnMTP, reduce HM concentration by stimulating the efflux mechanism. Brassica species also respond to stress by up-regulating existing protein pools or synthesizing novel proteins associated with HM stress tolerance. This review provides new insights into the HM tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species, which are necessary for future development of HM-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Shehzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ilham Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saira Zaheer
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atikah Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 42100, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, China.
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop growth and Development, Ministry of Agri-culture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Chen Z, Song B, Guo H, Xia D, Cai Y, Wang Y, Zhao W. Metagenomic characterization of biomethane transformation by lipid-catalyzed anaerobic fermentation of lignite. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115777. [PMID: 36966989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims at using lipid in a novel way to improve the efficiency of methane production from lignite anaerobic digestion. The obtained results showed an increase by 3.13 times of the cumulative biomethane content of lignite anaerobic fermentation, when 1.8 g lipid was added. The gene expression of functional metabolic enzymes was also found to be enhanced during the anaerobic fermentation. Moreover, the enzymes related to fatty acid degradation such as long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase were increased by 1.72 and 10.48 times, respectively, which consequently, accelerated the conversion of fatty acid. Furthermore, the addition of lipid enhanced the carbon dioxide trophic and acetic acid trophic metabolic pathways. Hence, the addition of lipids was argued to promote the production of methane from lignite anaerobic fermentation, which provided a new insight for the conversion and utilization of lipid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Chen
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Bo Song
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Hongyu Guo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Dapin Xia
- Mining Research Institute of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Yidong Cai
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Weizhong Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Plant Cadmium Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054378. [PMID: 36901809 PMCID: PMC10001906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal with high toxicity to plants. Plants have acquired specialized mechanisms to sense, transport, and detoxify Cd. Recent studies have identified many transporters involved in Cd uptake, transport, and detoxification. However, the complex transcriptional regulatory networks involved in Cd response remain to be elucidated. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding transcriptional regulatory networks and post-translational regulation of the transcription factors involved in Cd response. An increasing number of reports indicate that epigenetic regulation and long non-coding and small RNAs are important in Cd-induced transcriptional responses. Several kinases play important roles in Cd signaling that activate transcriptional cascades. We also discuss the perspectives to reduce grain Cd content and improve crop tolerance to Cd stress, which provides a theoretical reference for food safety and the future research of plant varieties with low Cd accumulation.
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Al-Khayri JM, Banadka A, Rashmi R, Nagella P, Alessa FM, Almaghasla MI. Cadmium toxicity in medicinal plants: An overview of the tolerance strategies, biotechnological and omics approaches to alleviate metal stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1047410. [PMID: 36733604 PMCID: PMC9887195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants, an important source of herbal medicine, are gaining more demand with the growing human needs in recent times. However, these medicinal plants have been recognized as one of the possible sources of heavy metal toxicity in humans as these medicinal plants are exposed to cadmium-rich soil and water because of extensive industrial and agricultural operations. Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely hazardous metal that has a deleterious impact on plant development and productivity. These plants uptake Cd by symplastic, apoplastic, or via specialized transporters such as HMA, MTPs, NRAMP, ZIP, and ZRT-IRT-like proteins. Cd exerts its effect by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interfere with a range of metabolic and physiological pathways. Studies have shown that it has detrimental effects on various plant growth stages like germination, vegetative and reproductive stages by analyzing the anatomical, morphological and biochemical changes (changes in photosynthetic machinery and membrane permeability). Also, plants respond to Cd toxicity by using various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Furthermore, the ROS generated due to the heavy metal stress alters the genes that are actively involved in signal transduction. Thus, the biosynthetic pathway of the important secondary metabolite is altered thereby affecting the synthesis of secondary metabolites either by enhancing or suppressing the metabolite production. The present review discusses the abundance of Cd and its incorporation, accumulation and translocation by plants, phytotoxic implications, and morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of medicinal plants to Cd toxicity. It explains the Cd detoxification mechanisms exhibited by the medicinal plants and further discusses the omics and biotechnological strategies such as genetic engineering and gene editing CRISPR- Cas 9 approach to ameliorate the Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akshatha Banadka
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Rashmi
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Fatima M. Alessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa I. Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Impact of Ferrous Sulfate on Thylakoidal Multiprotein Complexes, Metabolism and Defence of Brassica juncea L. under Arsenic Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121559. [PMID: 35736711 PMCID: PMC9228442 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Forty-day-old Brassica juncea (var. Pusa Jai Kisan) plants were exposed to arsenic (As, 250 µM Na2HAsO4·7H2O) stress. The ameliorative role of ferrous sulfate (2 mM, FeSO4·7H2O, herein FeSO4) was evaluated at 7 days after treatment (7 DAT) and 14 DAT. Whereas, As induced high magnitude oxidative stress, FeSO4 limited it. In general, As decreased the growth and photosynthetic parameters less when in the presence of FeSO4. Furthermore, components of the antioxidant system operated in better coordination with FeSO4. Contents of non-protein thiols and phytochelatins were higher with the supply of FeSO4. Blue-Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an As-induced decrease in almost every multi-protein-pigment complex (MPC), and an increase in PSII subcomplex, LHCII monomers and free proteins. FeSO4 supplication helped in the retention of a better stoichiometry of light-harvesting complexes and stabilized every MPC, including supra-molecular complexes, PSI/PSII core dimer/ATP Synthase, Cytochrome b6/f dimer and LHCII dimer. FeSO4 strengthened the plant defence, perhaps by channelizing iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) to biosynthetic and anabolic pathways. Such metabolism could improve levels of antioxidant enzymes, and the contents of glutathione, and phytochelatins. Important key support might be extended to the chloroplast through better supply of Fe-S clusters. Therefore, our results suggest the importance of both iron and sulfur to combat As-induced stress in the Indian mustard plant at biochemical and molecular levels through enhanced antioxidant potential and proteomic adjustments in the photosynthetic apparatus.
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Menhas S, Yang X, Hayat K, Aftab T, Bundschuh J, Arnao MB, Zhou Y, Zhou P. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Cd Tolerance and Phytoremediation Efficiency by Ameliorating Cd-Induced Stress in Oilseed Crops: A Review. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 41:922-935. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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Xu Q, Qin J, Sun H, Wang X, Chen W, Li Z. Effects of soil cadmium exposure on physio-ecological characteristics of Bletilla striata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:4008-4023. [PMID: 34398374 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. has shown rather extraordinary medicinal and economic value in recent years. However, the artificial cultivation of B. striata faces quite a lot of obstacles, especially the quality degradation and heavy metal pollution problems. Cadmium (Cd) in particular, is reported to generally exceed the standard in the artificial cultivation of B. striata. So far, little attention has been paid to analyze the effects of heavy metals on the growth and the medicinal treatment efficacy of B. striata. Herein, we investigate the physio-ecological response of B. striata under gradient Cd concentration treatment: Control (0.285 mg kg-1); Tr-1 (0.655 mg kg-1); Tr-2 (1.285 mg kg-1); Tr-3 (7.675 mg kg-1); Tr-4 (54.885 mg kg-1), so as to provide a reference for the study of the Cd response regulation on B. striata. In this work, we examined the biomass, total carbon, total nitrogen, and content of B. striata polysaccharides (BSP, the functional component of B. striata), as well as the absorption proportion of Cd in B. striata. Based on the preliminary research, ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment were allocated. Experiments were conducted in two batches (2018 and 2019, sampling in the same season) with the following findings: (1) The biomass showed no pronounced differences between the treatments or the sampling dates, only reached significant decrease at 54.885 mg kg-1 (Tr-4) soil Cd concentration in 2019; (2) The total carbon of B. striata under Cd treatment was in line with the Hormesis effect and reached a peak at 0.655 mg kg-1 (Tr-1) soil Cd concentration; (3) The total nitrogen content was generally promoted under Cd treatment with the highest content at 1.225 mg kg-1 (Tr-2); (4) The total BSP content in two sampling years are both sorted in decreasing order: Tr-4 < Tr-3 < Tr-2 < Tr-1 < Control; (5) The Cd content in Bletillae Rhizoma (tuber of B. striata) under 0.655 mg kg-1 soil Cd treatment was within the threshold stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 2018 batch and in 2019 batch, only the control group was qualified with a safe plantation limit of Cd. The results of ecological risk assessment showed moderate toxic risk under Tr-1 (0.655 mg Cd kg-1) and the human health risk assessment indicated negligible toxic effects on human health. Overall, the soil Cd concentration should be lower than 0.655 mg kg-1, if safe cultivation, medicinal effect of B. striata and human health risk are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jihong Qin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Feki K, Tounsi S, Mrabet M, Mhadhbi H, Brini F. Recent advances in physiological and molecular mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64967-64986. [PMID: 34599711 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among abiotic stress, the toxicity of metals impacts negatively on plants' growth and productivity. This toxicity promotes various perturbations in plants at different levels. To withstand stress, plants involve efficient mechanisms through the implication of various signaling pathways. These pathways enhance the expression of many target genes among them gene coding for metal transporters. Various metal transporters which are localized at the plasma membrane and/or at the tonoplast are crucial in metal stress response. Furthermore, metal detoxification is provided by metal-binding proteins like phytochelatins and metallothioneins. The understanding of the molecular basis of metal toxicities signaling pathways and tolerance mechanisms is crucial for genetic engineering to produce transgenic plants that enhance phytoremediation. This review presents an overview of the recent advances in our understanding of metal stress response. Firstly, we described the effect of metal stress on plants. Then, we highlight the mechanisms involved in metal detoxification and the importance of the regulation in the response to heavy metal stress. Finally, we mentioned the importance of genetic engineering for enhancing the phytoremediation technique. In the end, the response to heavy metal stress is complex and implicates various components. Thus, further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in response to this abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Feki
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystem (L2AD), Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Sana Tounsi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Mrabet
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystem (L2AD), Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Mhadhbi
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystem (L2AD), Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Molina L, Segura A. Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2305. [PMID: 34834668 PMCID: PMC8622723 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic components of atmospheric particles. These pollutants induce a wide variety of responses in plants, leading to tolerance or toxicity. Their effects on plants depend on many different environmental conditions, not only the type and concentration of contaminant, temperature or soil pH, but also on the physiological or genetic status of the plant. The main detoxification process in plants is the accumulation of the contaminant in vacuoles or cell walls. PAHs are normally transformed by enzymatic plant machinery prior to conjugation and immobilization; heavy metals are frequently chelated by some molecules, with glutathione, phytochelatins and metallothioneins being the main players in heavy metal detoxification. Besides these detoxification mechanisms, the presence of contaminants leads to the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dynamic of ROS production and detoxification renders different outcomes in different scenarios, from cellular death to the induction of stress resistances. ROS responses have been extensively studied; the complexity of the ROS response and the subsequent cascade of effects on phytohormones and metabolic changes, which depend on local concentrations in different organelles and on the lifetime of each ROS species, allow the plant to modulate its responses to different environmental clues. Basic knowledge of plant responses toward pollutants is key to improving phytoremediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Molina
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, C.S.I.C., Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
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Fasani E, DalCorso G, Furini A. MYB59 transcription factor behaves differently in metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations of Arabidopsis halleri. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:916-923. [PMID: 33972014 DOI: 10.1071/fp20356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., MYB59 transcription factor participates in regulating Ca homeostasis and signal transduction and is induced by Cd excess. To investigate its role in the facultative metallophyte Arabidopsis halleri ssp. halleri (L.) O'Kane and Al-Shehbaz, MYB59 expression was investigated under Cd treatment or Ca depletion in three populations belonging to distinct phylogeographic units (metallicolous PL22 and I16 and non-metallicolous I29), and compared with the expression in A. thaliana. In control conditions, MYB59 transcription in A. thaliana and the non-metallicolous population I29 follow a comparable trend with higher expression in roots than shoots, whereas in metallicolous populations I16 and PL22 its expression is similar in roots and shoots, suggesting a convergent evolution associated with adaptation to metalliferous environments. After 6 h of Ca depletion, MYB59 transcript levels were very high in I16 and PL22 populations, indicating that the adaptation to metalliferous environments requires tightly regulated Ca homeostasis and signalling. Cd treatment caused variability in MYB59 expression. In I29, MYB59 expression, as in A. thaliana, is likely associated to stress response, whereas its modulation in the two metallicolous populations reflects the different strategies for Cd tolerance and accumulation. In conclusion, MYB59 regulation in A. halleri is part of the network linking mineral nutrition and Cd tolerance/accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fasani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Furini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; and Corresponding author.
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Kintlová M, Vrána J, Hobza R, Blavet N, Hudzieczek V. Transcriptome Response to Cadmium Exposure in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:629089. [PMID: 34335638 PMCID: PMC8321094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.629089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant with high toxicity that negatively affects plant growth and development. To understand the molecular mechanisms of plant response to cadmium stress, we have performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis on barley plants treated with an increased concentration of cadmium. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 10,282 deregulated transcripts present in the roots and 7,104 in the shoots. Among them, we identified genes related to reactive oxygen species metabolism, cell wall formation and maintenance, ion membrane transport and stress response. One of the most upregulated genes was PLANT CADMIUM RESISTACE 2 (HvPCR2) known to be responsible for heavy metal detoxification in plants. Surprisingly, in the transcriptomic data we identified four different copies of the HvPCR2 gene with a specific pattern of upregulation in individual tissues. Heterologous expression of all five barley copies in a Cd-sensitive yeast mutant restored cadmium resistance. In addition, four HvPCR2 were located in tandem arrangement in a single genomic region of the barley 5H chromosome. To our knowledge, this is the first example showing multiplication of the PCR2 gene in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kintlová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Vrána
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Roman Hobza
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czechia
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, Czechia
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czechia
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, Czechia
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Screening and Identification of Host Proteins Interacting with Iris lactea var. chinensis Metallothionein IlMT2a by Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040554. [PMID: 33920321 PMCID: PMC8069374 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iris lactea var. chinensis (Fisch.) (I. lactea var. chinensis) is a well-known cadmium (Cd)-tolerant plant and we have previously shown that the metallothionein gene, IlMT2a, of the plant may be playing a key role in conferring the Cd tolerance. In this study, we have identified several proteins interacting with the IlMT2a by screening yeast two-hybrid library constructed from cDNAs isolated from Cd-treated I. lacteal var. chinensis plants. Putative functions of these proteins include those involved in photosynthesis, ROS scavenge, nutrient transport, and transcriptional regulation, to name a few. In particular, another metallothionein, which we assigned the name of IlMT3, was identified as an interacting partner of the IlMT2a. Unlike IlMT2a, it did not provide any significant protection against Cd toxicity in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana L. (A. thaliana). To our knowledge, this is the first time ever reporting the interaction of two metallothionein proteins in plants. Learning the biological significance of the interaction between IlMT2a and IlMT3 would be the focus of future study and would be able to provide valuable insights into the understanding plant metallothionein’s diverse and complex roles in coordinating many important cellular physiologies including stress responses, gene regulations, and energy metabolisms.
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Thakur B, Yadav R, Mukherjee A, Melayah D, Marmeisse R, Fraissinet-Tachet L, Reddy MS. Protection from metal toxicity by Hsp40-like protein isolated from contaminated soil using functional metagenomic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17132-17145. [PMID: 33394429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution in the environment due to accumulation of potentially toxic metals results in deterioration of soil and water quality, thus impacting health of all living organisms including microbes. In the present investigation, a functional metagenomics approach was adopted to mine functional genes involved in metal tolerance from potentially toxic metal contaminated site. Eukaryotic cDNA library (1.0-4.0 kb) was screened for the genes providing tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity through a functional complementation assay using Cd-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant ycf1Δ. Out of the 98 clones able to recover growth on Cd-supplemented selective medium, one clone designated as PLCc43 showed more tolerance to Cd along with some other clones. Sequence analysis revealed that cDNA PLCc43 encodes a 284 amino acid protein harbouring four characteristic zinc finger motif repeats (CXXCXGXG) and showing partial homology with heat shock protein (Hsp40) of Acanthamoeba castellanii. qPCR analysis revealed the induction of PLCc43 in the presence of Cd, which was further supported by accumulation of Cd in ycf1Δ/PLCc43 mutant. Cu-sensitive (cup1Δ), Zn-sensitive (zrc1Δ) and Co-sensitive (cot1Δ) yeast mutant strains were rescued from sensitivity when transformed with cDNA PLCc43 indicating its ability to confer tolerance to various potentially toxic metals. Oxidative stress tolerance potential of PLCc43 was also confirmed in the presence of H2O2. Present study results suggest that PLCc43 originating from a functional eukaryotic gene of soil community play an important role in detoxification of potentially toxic metals and may be used as biomarker in various contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Rajiv Yadav
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arkadeep Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Delphine Melayah
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Roland Marmeisse
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Fraissinet-Tachet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mondem Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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15
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Xu X, Zhang S, Cheng Z, Li T, Jia Y, Wang G, Yang Z, Xian J, Yang Y, Zhou W. Transcriptome analysis revealed cadmium accumulation mechanisms in hyperaccumulator Siegesbeckia orientalis L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18853-18865. [PMID: 32207009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Siegesbeckia orientalis L. was identified as a novel Cd-hyperaccumulator and valuable phytoremediation material. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation in S. orientalis are largely unknown. In this study, RNA-Seq analysis was performed to study the Cd-accumulating mechanisms in its roots with or without Cd treatment. The RNA-seq analysis generated 312 million pairs of clean reads and 78G sequencing data. De novo transcriptome assembly produced 355,070 transcripts with an average length of 823.59 bp and 194,207 unigenes with an average length of 605.68 bp. Comparative transcriptome analyses identified a large number of differentially expressed genes in roots under Cd stress, and functional annotation suggested that S. orientalis utilizes various biological pathways involving many gene networks working simultaneously to cope with the stress. This study revealed that four biological pathways were mainly involved in S. orientalis tolerance to Cd stress, including reactive oxygen species scavenging, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, Cd absorption and transport, and ABA signaling pathway. The genes related to photosynthesis and heavy metal transport are likely the potential candidates and could be further investigated to determine their roles in Cd tolerance in S. orientalis roots. These findings will be useful to understand the Cd accumulation mechanisms in S. orientalis and facilitate the study of phytoremediation at the molecular level in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxun Xu
- School of Environment Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- School of Environment Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Zhang Cheng
- School of Environment Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yongxia Jia
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- School of Environment Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- School of Environment Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junren Xian
- School of Environment Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiang Yang
- School of Environment Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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16
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Agarwal S, Khan S. Heavy Metal Phytotoxicity: DNA Damage. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYTOTOXICITY OF HEAVY METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45975-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Głowacka K, Źróbek-Sokolnik A, Okorski A, Najdzion J. The Effect of Cadmium on the Activity of Stress-Related Enzymes and the Ultrastructure of Pea Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E413. [PMID: 31615032 PMCID: PMC6843902 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the effects of cadmium (Cd) on plant cells is crucial to understand defense mechanisms and adaptation strategies of plants against Cd toxicity. In this study, we examined stress-related enzyme activities after one and seven days of Cd application and the ultrastructure of roots of Pisum sativum L. after seven days of Cd treatment (10, 50, 100, and 200 μM CdSO4). Our results showed that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and the amount of Cd accumulated in the roots were significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration used in our experiment. However, Cd caused a decrease of all studied antioxidative enzyme activities (i.e., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)). The analysis of the ultrastructure (TEM) showed various responses to Cd, depending on Cd concentrations. In general, lower Cd concentrations (50 and 100 μM CdSO4) mostly resulted in increased amounts of oil bodies, plastolysomes and the accumulation of starch granules in plastids. Meanwhile, roots treated with a higher concentration of Cd (200 μM CdSO4) additionally triggered protective responses such as an increased deposition of suberin lamellae in the endodermal cell walls. This indicates that Cd induces a complex defense response in root tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Głowacka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adam Okorski
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Janusz Najdzion
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
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18
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Sapara KK, Khedia J, Agarwal P, Gangapur DR, Agarwal PK. SbMYB15 transcription factor mitigates cadmium and nickel stress in transgenic tobacco by limiting uptake and modulating antioxidative defence system. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:702-714. [PMID: 31023418 DOI: 10.1071/fp18234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants require different inorganic minerals in an appropriate amount for growth; however, imbalance can limit growth and productivity. Heavy metal accumulation causes toxicity and generates signalling crosstalk with reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, genes and transcription factors (TFs). The MYB (myeloblastoma) TFs participate in plant processes such as metabolism, development, cell fate, hormone pathways and responses to stresses. This is the first report towards characterisation of R2R3-type MYB TF, SbMYB15, from succulent halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. for heavy metal tolerance. The SbMYB15 showed >5-fold increased transcript expression in the presence of CdCl2 and NiCl2•6H2O. The constitutive overexpression of SbMYB15 conferred cadmium and nickel tolerance in transgenic tobacco, with improved growth and chlorophyll content. Further, the transgenics showed reduced generation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2•-) as compared with the wild-type (WT) with both Cd2+ and Ni2+ stress. Transgenics also showed low uptake of heavy metal ions, increased scavenging activity of the antioxidative enzymes (CAT and SOD) and higher transcript expression of antioxidative genes (CAT1 and MnSOD). Thus, the present study signifies that SbMYB15 can be deployed for developing heavy metal tolerance in crop plants via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal K Sapara
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India
| | - Jackson Khedia
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India
| | | | - Doddabhimappa R Gangapur
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India; and Corresponding author.
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19
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Fasani E, DalCorso G, Costa A, Zenoni S, Furini A. The Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor MYB59 regulates calcium signalling during plant growth and stress response. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:517-534. [PMID: 30710226 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor MYB59 is involved in plant growth and stress responses by acting as negative regulator of Ca signalling and homeostasis. The Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor MYB59 is induced by cadmium (Cd) and plays a key role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and root elongation, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. We investigated the expression of MYB59 and differences between wild-type plants, the myb59 mutant and MYB59-overexpressing lines (obtained by transformation in the mutant genotype) during plant growth and in response to various forms of stress. We also compared the transcriptomes of wild-type and myb59 mutant plants to determine putative MYB59 targets. The myb59 mutant has longer roots, smaller leaves and smaller cells than wild-type plants and responds differently to stress in germination assay. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation in the myb59 mutant of multiple genes involved in calcium (Ca) homeostasis and signalling, including those encoding calmodulin-like proteins and Ca transporters. Notably, MYB59 was strongly induced by Ca deficiency, and the myb59 mutant was characterized by higher levels of cytosolic Ca in root cells and showed a modest alteration of Ca transient frequency in guard cells, associated with the absence of Ca-induced stomatal closure. These results indicate that MYB59 negatively regulates Ca homeostasis and signalling during Ca deficiency, thus controlling plant growth and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fasani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Furini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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20
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Li B, Liu Y, Cui XY, Fu JD, Zhou YB, Zheng WJ, Lan JH, Jin LG, Chen M, Ma YZ, Xu ZS, Min DH. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of Soybean TGA Transcription Factors Identified a Novel TGA Gene Involved in Drought and Salt Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:549. [PMID: 31156656 PMCID: PMC6531876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The TGA transcription factors, a subfamily of bZIP group D, play crucial roles in various biological processes, including the regulation of growth and development as well as responses to pathogens and abiotic stress. In this study, 27 TGA genes were identified in the soybean genome. The expression patterns of GmTGA genes showed that several GmTGA genes are differentially expressed under drought and salt stress conditions. Among them, GmTGA17 was strongly induced by both stress, which were verificated by the promoter-GUS fusion assay. GmTGA17 encodes a nuclear-localized protein with transcriptional activation activity. Heterologous and homologous overexpression of GmTGA17 enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress in both transgeinc Arabidopsis plants and soybean hairy roots. However, RNAi hairy roots silenced for GmTGA17 exhibited an increased sensitivity to drought and salt stress. In response to drought or salt stress, transgenic Arabidopsis plants had an increased chlorophyll and proline contents, a higher ABA content, a decreased MDA content, a reduced water loss rate, and an altered expression of ABA- responsive marker genes compared with WT plants. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants were more sensitive to ABA in stomatal closure. Similarly, measurement of physiological parameters showed an increase in chlorophyll and proline contents, with a decrease in MDA content in soybean seedlings with overexpression hairy roots after drought and salt stress treatments. The opposite results for each measurement were observed in RNAi lines. This study provides new insights for functional analysis of soybean TGA transcription factors in abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Yan Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Dong Fu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
| | - Jin-Hao Lan
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Long-Guo Jin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Shi Xu, Dong-Hong Min,
| | - Dong-Hong Min
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Shi Xu, Dong-Hong Min,
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21
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Ding Y, Jian H, Wang T, Di F, Wang J, Li J, Liu L. Screening of candidate gene responses to cadmium stress by RNA sequencing in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32433-32446. [PMID: 30232771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress is one of the most serious threats to agriculture in the world. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop; however, Cd can easily accumulate in rapeseed and thus harm human health through the food chain. In the first experiment, our purpose was to measure the Cd accumulation in mature B. napus plants and its influences on fatty acid composition. The results showed that most Cd was accumulated in the root, and the seed fatty acid content was considerably different at different Cd toxicity levels. In the second experiment, 7-day-old B. napus seedlings stressed by Cd (1 mM) for 0 h (CK-0h), 24 h (T-24h), or 72 h (T-72h) were submitted to physiological and biological analyses, RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. In total, 5469 and 6769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the comparisons of "CK-0h vs T-24h" and "CK-0h vs T-72h", respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that the photosynthetic and glutathione (GSH) pathways were significantly enriched in response to Cd stress. Key factors in the response to Cd stress included BnPCS1, BnGSTU12, BnGSTU5, and BnHMAs. The transcription factors BnWRKY11 (BnaA03g51590D), BnWRKY28 (BnaA03g43640D), BnWRKY33 (BnaA03g17820D), and BnWRKY75 (BnaA03g04160D) were upregulated after Cd exposure. The present study revealed that upregulation of the genes encoding GST and PCS under Cd stress promoted the formation of low-molecular weight complexes (PC-Cd), and upregulation of heavy metal ATPase genes induced PC-Cd transfer to vacuoles. These findings may provide the basis for the molecular mechanism of the response of B. napus to Cd.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Aminoacyltransferases/genetics
- Aminoacyltransferases/metabolism
- Biological Transport
- Brassica napus/drug effects
- Brassica napus/genetics
- Brassica napus/metabolism
- Cadmium/metabolism
- Cadmium/pharmacology
- Crops, Agricultural/drug effects
- Crops, Agricultural/genetics
- Crops, Agricultural/metabolism
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Glutathione/genetics
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Humans
- Metals, Heavy/metabolism
- Metals, Heavy/pharmacology
- Photosynthesis
- Plant Development
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plant Roots/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/analysis
- Seedlings/metabolism
- Seeds/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Stress, Physiological
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Ding
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Hongju Jian
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tengyue Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Feifei Di
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Liezhao Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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22
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Dutta S, Mitra M, Agarwal P, Mahapatra K, De S, Sett U, Roy S. Oxidative and genotoxic damages in plants in response to heavy metal stress and maintenance of genome stability. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1460048. [PMID: 29621424 PMCID: PMC6149466 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1460048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants, being sessile in nature, are constantly exposed to various environmental stresses, such as solar UV radiations, soil salinity, drought and desiccation, rehydration, low and high temperatures and other vast array of air and soil borne chemicals, industrial waste products, metals and metalloids. These agents, either directly or indirectly via the induction of oxidative stress and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), frequently perturb the chemical or physical structures of DNA and induce both cytotoxic or genotoxic stresses. Such condition, in turn, leads to genome instability and thus eventually severely affecting plant health and crop yield. With the growing industrialization process and non-judicious use of chemical fertilizers, the heavy metal mediated chemical toxicity has become one of the major environmental threats for the plants around the globe. The heavy metal ions cause damage to the structural, enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of plant cell, often resulting in loss of cell viability, thus negatively impacting plant growth and development. Plants have also evolved with an extensive and highly efficient mechanism to respond and adapt under such heavy metal toxicity mediated stress conditions. In addition to morpho-anatomical, hormonal and biochemical responses, at the molecular level, plants respond to heavy metal stress induced oxidative and genotoxic damage via the rapid change in the expression of the responsive genes at the transcriptional level. Various families of transcription factors play crucial role in triggering such responses. Apart from transcriptional response, epigenetic modifications have also been found to be essential for maintenance of plant genome stability under genotoxic stress. This review represents a comprehensive survey of recent advances in our understanding of plant responses to heavy metal mediated toxicity in general with particular emphasis on the transcriptional and epigenetic responses and highlights the importance of understanding the potential targets in the associated pathways for improved stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Dutta
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Mehali Mitra
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Puja Agarwal
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Mahapatra
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayanti De
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Upasana Sett
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
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Jian H, Yang B, Zhang A, Ma J, Ding Y, Chen Z, Li J, Xu X, Liu L. Genome-Wide Identification of MicroRNAs in Response to Cadmium Stress in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.) Using High-Throughput Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051431. [PMID: 29748489 PMCID: PMC5983666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in regulating stress-response genes in plants. However, identification of miRNAs and the corresponding target genes that are induced in response to cadmium (Cd) stress in Brassica napus remains limited. In the current study, we sequenced three small-RNA libraries from B. napus after 0 days, 1 days, and 3 days of Cd treatment. In total, 44 known miRNAs (belonging to 27 families) and 103 novel miRNAs were identified. A comprehensive analysis of miRNA expression profiles found 39 differentially expressed miRNAs between control and Cd-treated plants; 13 differentially expressed miRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Characterization of the corresponding target genes indicated functions in processes including transcription factor regulation, biotic stress response, ion homeostasis, and secondary metabolism. Furthermore, we propose a hypothetical model of the Cd-response mechanism in B. napus. Combined with qRT-PCR confirmation, our data suggested that miRNAs were involved in the regulations of TFs, biotic stress defense, ion homeostasis and secondary metabolism synthesis to respond Cd stress in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Jian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Aoxiang Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jinqi Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yiran Ding
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhiyou Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xinfu Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Liezhao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Cai SY, Zhang Y, Xu YP, Qi ZY, Li MQ, Ahammed GJ, Xia XJ, Shi K, Zhou YH, Reiter RJ, Yu JQ, Zhou J. HsfA1a upregulates melatonin biosynthesis to confer cadmium tolerance in tomato plants. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28095626 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin regulates broad aspects of plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, but the upstream regulation of melatonin biosynthesis by these stresses remains largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that transcription factor heat-shock factor A1a (HsfA1a) conferred cadmium (Cd) tolerance to tomato plants, in part through its positive role in inducing melatonin biosynthesis under Cd stress. Analysis of leaf phenotype, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency revealed that silencing of the HsfA1a gene decreased Cd tolerance, whereas its overexpression enhanced plant tolerance to Cd. HsfA1a-silenced plants exhibited reduced melatonin levels, and HsfA1a overexpression stimulated melatonin accumulation and the expression of the melatonin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (COMT1) under Cd stress. Both an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR analysis revealed that HsfA1a binds to the COMT1 gene promoter. Meanwhile, Cd stress induced the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which was compromised in HsfA1a-silenced plants and more robustly induced in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants under Cd stress. COMT1 silencing reduced HsfA1a-induced Cd tolerance and melatonin accumulation in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants. Additionally, the HsfA1a-induced expression of HSPs was partially compromised in COMT1-silenced wild-type or HsfA1a-overexpressing plants under Cd stress. These results demonstrate that HsfA1a confers Cd tolerance by activating transcription of the COMT1 gene and inducing accumulation of melatonin that partially upregulates expression of HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Cai
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey/Geological Research Center for Agricultural Applications, China Geological Survey, Hangzhou, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Vishwakarma K, Upadhyay N, Kumar N, Yadav G, Singh J, Mishra RK, Kumar V, Verma R, Upadhyay RG, Pandey M, Sharma S. Abscisic Acid Signaling and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Review on Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:161. [PMID: 28265276 PMCID: PMC5316533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is one of the severe stresses of environment that lowers the growth and yield of any crop even on irrigated land throughout the world. A major phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential part in acting toward varied range of stresses like heavy metal stress, drought, thermal or heat stress, high level of salinity, low temperature, and radiation stress. Its role is also elaborated in various developmental processes including seed germination, seed dormancy, and closure of stomata. ABA acts by modifying the expression level of gene and subsequent analysis of cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements of responsive promoters. It also interacts with the signaling molecules of processes involved in stress response and development of seeds. On the whole, the stress to a plant can be susceptible or tolerant by taking into account the coordinated activities of various stress-responsive genes. Numbers of transcription factor are involved in regulating the expression of ABA responsive genes by acting together with their respective cis-acting elements. Hence, for improvement in stress-tolerance capacity of plants, it is necessary to understand the mechanism behind it. On this ground, this article enlightens the importance and role of ABA signaling with regard to various stresses as well as regulation of ABA biosynthetic pathway along with the transcription factors for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishwakarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Gaurav Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Rohit K. Mishra
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity UniversityNoida, India
| | - Rishi Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - R. G. Upadhyay
- V.C.S.G Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and ForestryRanichauri, India
| | - Mayank Pandey
- Department of computer Science and Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
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26
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Kabir AH, Hossain MM, Khatun MA, Mandal A, Haider SA. Role of Silicon Counteracting Cadmium Toxicity in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1117. [PMID: 27512401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2010.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most phytotoxic elements causing an agricultural problem and human health hazards. This work investigates whether and how silicon (Si) ameliorates Cd toxicity in Alfalfa. The addition of Si in Cd-stressed plants caused significant improvement in morpho-physiological features as well as total protein and membrane stability, indicating that Si does have critical roles in Cd detoxification in Alfalfa. Furthermore, Si supplementation in Cd-stressed plants showed a significant decrease in Cd and Fe concentrations in both roots and shoots compared with Cd-stressed plants, revealing that Si-mediated tolerance to Cd stress is associated with Cd inhibition in Alfalfa. Results also showed no significant changes in the expression of two metal chelators [MsPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) and MsMT2 (metallothionein)] and PC (phytochelatin) accumulation, indicating that there may be no metal sequestration or change in metal sequestration following Si application under Cd stress in Alfalfa. We further performed a targeted study on the effect of Si on Fe uptake mechanisms. We observed the consistent reduction in Fe reductase activity, expression of Fe-related genes [MsIRT1 (Fe transporter), MsNramp1 (metal transporter) and OsFRO1 (ferric chelate reductase] and Fe chelators (citrate and malate) by Si application to Cd stress in roots of Alfalfa. These results support that limiting Fe uptake through the down-regulation of Fe acquisition mechanisms confers Si-mediated alleviation of Cd toxicity in Alfalfa. Finally, an increase of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities along with elevated methionine and proline subjected to Si application might play roles, at least in part, to reduce H2O2 and to provide antioxidant defense against Cd stress in Alfalfa. The study shows evidence of the effect of Si on alleviating Cd toxicity in Alfalfa and can be further extended for phytoremediation of Cd toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Kabir
- Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad M Hossain
- Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Most A Khatun
- Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Mandal
- System Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde Skövde, Sweden
| | - Syed A Haider
- Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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27
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Zhou Q, Guo JJ, He CT, Shen C, Huang YY, Chen JX, Guo JH, Yuan JG, Yang ZY. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Low- and High-Cadmium-Accumulating Genotypes of Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) in Response to Cadmium Stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6485-94. [PMID: 27228483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To reduce cadmium (Cd) pollution of food chains, screening and breeding of low-Cd-accumulating cultivars are the focus of much study. Two previously identified genotypes, a low-Cd-accumulating genotype (LAJK) and a high-Cd-accumulating genotype (HAJS) of pakchoi (Brassica chinesis L.), were stressed by Cd (12.5 μM) for 0 h (T0), 3 h (T3) and 24 h (T24). By comparative transcriptome analysis for root tissue, 3005 and 4343 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LAJK at T3 (vs T0) and T24 (vs T3), respectively, whereas 8677 and 5081 DEGs were detected in HAJS. Gene expression pattern analysis suggested a delay of Cd responded transcriptional changes in LAJK compared to HAJS. DEG functional enrichments proposed genotype-specific biological processes coped with Cd stress. Cell wall biosynthesis and glutathione (GSH) metabolism were found to involve in Cd resistance in HAJS, whereas DNA repair and abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction pathways played important roles in LAJK. Furthermore, the genes participating in Cd efflux such as PDR8 were overexpressed in LAJK, whereas those responsible for Cd transport such as YSL1 were more enhanced in HAJS, exhibiting different Cd transport processes between two genotypes. These novel findings should be useful for molecular assisted screening and breeding of low-Cd-accumulating genotypes for pakchoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jing-Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chun-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuang Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jing-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian-Gang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
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28
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Guo P, Qi YP, Yang LT, Ye X, Huang JH, Chen LS. Long-Term Boron-Excess-Induced Alterations of Gene Profiles in Roots of Two Citrus Species Differing in Boron-Tolerance Revealed by cDNA-AFLP. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:898. [PMID: 27446128 PMCID: PMC4919357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) toxicity is observed in some citrus orchards in China. However, limited data are available on the molecular mechanisms of citrus B-toxicity and B-tolerance. Using cDNA-AFLP, we identified 20 up- and 52 down-regulated genes, and 44 up- and 66 down-regulated genes from excess B-treated Citrus sinensis and Citrus grandis roots, respectively, thereby demonstrating that gene expression profiles were more affected in the latter. In addition, phosphorus and total soluble protein concentrations were lowered only in excess B-treated C. grandis roots. Apparently, C. sinensis had higher B-tolerance than C. grandis. Our results suggested that the following several aspects were responsible for the difference in the B-tolerance between the two citrus species including: (a) B-excess induced Root Hair Defective 3 expression in C. sinensis roots, and repressed villin4 expression in C. grandis roots; accordingly, root growth was less inhibited by B-excess in the former; (b) antioxidant systems were impaired in excess B-treated C. grandis roots, hence accelerating root senescence; (c) genes related to Ca(2+) signals were inhibited (induced) by B-excess in C. grandis (C. sinensis) roots. B-excess-responsive genes related to energy (i.e., alternative oxidase and cytochrome P450), lipid (i.e., Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 and citrus dioxygenase), and nucleic acid (i.e., HDA19, histone 4, and ribonucleotide reductase RNR1 like protein) metabolisms also possibly accounted for the difference in the B-tolerance between the two citrus species. These data increased our understanding of the mechanisms on citrus B-toxicity and B-tolerance at transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical SciencesFuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hao Huang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Pomological Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Song Chen
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29
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Kabir AH, Hossain MM, Khatun MA, Mandal A, Haider SA. Role of Silicon Counteracting Cadmium Toxicity in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1117. [PMID: 27512401 PMCID: PMC4961700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most phytotoxic elements causing an agricultural problem and human health hazards. This work investigates whether and how silicon (Si) ameliorates Cd toxicity in Alfalfa. The addition of Si in Cd-stressed plants caused significant improvement in morpho-physiological features as well as total protein and membrane stability, indicating that Si does have critical roles in Cd detoxification in Alfalfa. Furthermore, Si supplementation in Cd-stressed plants showed a significant decrease in Cd and Fe concentrations in both roots and shoots compared with Cd-stressed plants, revealing that Si-mediated tolerance to Cd stress is associated with Cd inhibition in Alfalfa. Results also showed no significant changes in the expression of two metal chelators [MsPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) and MsMT2 (metallothionein)] and PC (phytochelatin) accumulation, indicating that there may be no metal sequestration or change in metal sequestration following Si application under Cd stress in Alfalfa. We further performed a targeted study on the effect of Si on Fe uptake mechanisms. We observed the consistent reduction in Fe reductase activity, expression of Fe-related genes [MsIRT1 (Fe transporter), MsNramp1 (metal transporter) and OsFRO1 (ferric chelate reductase] and Fe chelators (citrate and malate) by Si application to Cd stress in roots of Alfalfa. These results support that limiting Fe uptake through the down-regulation of Fe acquisition mechanisms confers Si-mediated alleviation of Cd toxicity in Alfalfa. Finally, an increase of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities along with elevated methionine and proline subjected to Si application might play roles, at least in part, to reduce H2O2 and to provide antioxidant defense against Cd stress in Alfalfa. The study shows evidence of the effect of Si on alleviating Cd toxicity in Alfalfa and can be further extended for phytoremediation of Cd toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Kabir
- Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of RajshahiRajshahi, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Ahmad H. Kabir,
| | - Mohammad M. Hossain
- Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of RajshahiRajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Most A. Khatun
- Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of RajshahiRajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Mandal
- System Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of SkövdeSkövde, Sweden
| | - Syed A. Haider
- Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of RajshahiRajshahi, Bangladesh
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30
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Taamalli M, D'Alessandro A, Marrocco C, Gevi F, Timperio AM, Zolla L. Proteomic and metabolic profiles of Cakile maritima Scop. Sea Rocket grown in the presence of cadmium. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1096-109. [PMID: 25639878 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00567h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent physiological reports have documented how Cakile maritima Scop. Sea Rocket could accumulate high doses of Cd without altering its physiological parameters. In the present study, we performed an integrated proteomics (2DE) and metabolomics (HPLC-MS) investigation to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying cadmium (Cd) tolerance of this halophyte. Peculiar features were observed: (i) up-regulation of thiol compound anabolism, including glutathione and phytochelatin homeostasis, which allows an intracellular chelation of Cd and its compartmentalization into vacuole by a significant up-regulation of vacuolar transporters; (ii) up-regulation of the PPP and Calvin cycle (both at the enzyme and metabolite level), which utterly promoted the maintenance of NADPH/NADP(+) homeostasis, other than the accumulation of triose-phosphates (serving as anabolic intermediates for triacylglycerol biosynthesis) and the glyoxylate precursor phosphoglycolate, to promote photorespiration and consequently CO2 release. An up-regulation of carbonic anhydrase was also observed. This halophyte is also correlated with a highly efficient antioxidant system, especially a high up-regulation of SOD1, resulting more efficient in coping with heavy metals stress than common plants. Interestingly, exposure to high Cd concentrations partly affected photosystem integrity and metabolic activity, through the up-regulation of enzymes from the Calvin cycle and glutathione-ascorbate homeostasis and PAP3 which stabilizes thylakoid membrane structures. In addition, up-regulation of Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase CYP38 increases stability and biogenesis of PSII. Finally, metabolomics results confirmed proteomics and previous physiological evidence, also suggesting that osmoprotectants, betaine and proline, together with plant hormones, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid, might be involved in mediating responses to Cd-induced stress. Taken together, these peculiar features confirm that Cakile maritima Scop. Sea Rocket seemed to be naturally equipped to withstand even high doses of Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Taamalli
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
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31
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Saminathan T, Malkaram SA, Patel D, Taylor K, Hass A, Nimmakayala P, Huber DH, Reddy UK. Transcriptome Analysis of Invasive Plants in Response to Mineral Toxicity of Reclaimed Coal-Mine Soil in the Appalachian Region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10320-9. [PMID: 26269111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient postmining reclamation requires successful revegetation. By using RNA sequencing, we evaluated the growth response of two invasive plants, goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) and mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), grown in two Appalachian acid-mine soils (MS-I and -II, pH ∼ 4.6). Although deficient in macronutrients, both soils contained high levels of plant-available Al, Fe and Mn. Both plant types showed toxicity tolerance, but metal accumulation differed by plant and site. With MS-I, Al accumulation was greater for mugwort than goutweed (385 ± 47 vs 2151 ± 251 μg g-1). Al concentration was similar between mine sites, but its accumulation in mugwort was greater with MS-I than MS-II, with no difference in accumulation by site for goutweed. An in situ approach revealed deregulation of multiple factors such as transporters, transcription factors, and metal chelators for metal uptake or exclusion. The two plant systems showed common gene expression patterns for different pathways. Both plant systems appeared to have few common heavy-metal pathway regulators addressing mineral toxicity/deficiency in both mine sites, which implies adaptability of invasive plants for efficient growth at mine sites with toxic waste. Functional genomics can be used to screen for plant adaptability, especially for reclamation and phytoremediation of contaminated soils and waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangasamy Saminathan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Sridhar A Malkaram
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Dharmesh Patel
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Taylor
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Amir Hass
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - David H Huber
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
| | - Umesh K Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University , Institute, West Virginia 25112-1000, United States
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Jakubowska D, Janicka-Russak M, Kabała K, Migocka M, Reda M. Modification of plasma membrane NADPH oxidase activity in cucumber seedling roots in response to cadmium stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:50-9. [PMID: 25804809 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cadmium on plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase activity in cucumber roots. Plants were treated with cadmium for 1, 3 or 6 days. Some of the plants after 3-day exposure to cadmium were transferred to a medium without the heavy metal for the next 3 days. Treatment of plants with cadmium for 6 days stimulated the activity of NADPH oxidase. The highest stimulation of O2(•-) production by NADPH oxidase was observed in post-stressed plants, which was correlated with the stimulation of activity of PM H(+)-ATPase in the same conditions. In order to examine the effects of cadmium stresses on the expression level of genes encoding NADPH oxidase, putative cucumber homologs encoding RBOH proteins were selected and a real-time PCR assay was performed. NADPH is a substrate for oxidase; thus alterations in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme under cadmium stress were studied. The activity of NADPH dehydrogenases was increased under cadmium stress. The results indicate that PM NADPH oxidase could be involved in plants' response to cadmium stress by affecting the activity of PM H(+)-ATPase, and NADPH-generating enzymes could play important roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Jakubowska
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Janicka-Russak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kabała
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Migocka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Reda
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
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Liu T, Zhu S, Tang Q, Tang S. Genome-wide transcriptomic profiling of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) in response to cadmium stress. Gene 2014; 558:131-7. [PMID: 25550046 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils has become a major environmental problem in China. Ramie, a fiber crop, has frequently been proposed for use as a phytoremediation crop for the restoration of Cd-contaminated farmlands. However, high levels of Cd can greatly inhibit stem growth in ramie, which reduces its economic value as a crop. To understand the potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon, the ramie genes involved in the Cd stress response were identified using Illumina pair-end sequencing on two Cd-stressed plants (CdS1 and CdS2) and two control plants (CO1 and CO2). Approximately 48.7, 51.6, 41.2, and 47.1 million clean sequence reads were generated from the libraries of CO1, CO2, CdS1, and CdS2, respectively, and de novo assembled to yield 56,932 non-redundant unigenes. A total of 26,686 (46.9%) genes were annotated for their function. Comparison of gene expression levels in CO and CdS ramie revealed 155 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between treatment and control conditions. Sixteen DEGs were further analyzed for expression differences by using real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Among these 16 DEGs, 2 genes encoding GA2-oxidase (a major enzyme for deactivating bioactive gibberellins [GAs]) showed markedly up-regulated expression in Cd stressed ramie. This might be responsible for the growth inhibition of Cd-stressed ramie. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis pathway was markedly enriched by DEGs. The discovery of these Cd stress-responsive genes and pathways will be helpful in further understanding the mechanism of Cd-stress response and improving Cd stress tolerance in ramie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touming Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Siyuan Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Qingming Tang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Shouwei Tang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
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Viehweger K. How plants cope with heavy metals. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2014; 55:35. [PMID: 28510963 PMCID: PMC5432744 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-55-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are naturally occurring in the earth's crust but anthropogenic and industrial activities have led to drastic environmental pollutions in distinct areas. Plants are able to colonize such sites due to several mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance. Understanding of these pathways enables different fruitful approaches like phytoremediation and biofortification.Therefore, this review addresses mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance and toxicity in plants possessing a sophisticated network for maintenance of metal homeostasis. Key elements of this are chelation and sequestration which result either in removal of toxic metal from sensitive sites or conduct essential metal to their specific cellular destination. This implies shared pathways which can result in toxic symptoms especially in an excess of metal. These overlaps go on with signal transduction pathways induced by heavy metals which include common elements of other signal cascades. Nevertheless, there are specific reactions some of them will be discussed with special focus on the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Viehweger
- Radiotherapeutics Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV; Institute of Radiopharmacy, P.O. Box 510119, D-01314, Dresden, Germany.
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Tang M, Mao D, Xu L, Li D, Song S, Chen C. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in response to Cd exposure in rice seedlings. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:835. [PMID: 25273267 PMCID: PMC4193161 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Independent transcriptome profile analyses of miRNAs or mRNAs under conditions of cadmium (Cd) stress have been widely reported in plants. However, a combined analysis of sRNA sequencing expression data with miRNA target expression data to infer the relative activities of miRNAs that regulate gene expression changes resulting from Cd stress has not been reported in rice. To elucidate the roles played by miRNAs in the regulation of changes in gene expression in response to Cd stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we simultaneously characterized changes in the miRNA and mRNA profiles following treatment with Cd. RESULTS A total of 163 miRNAs and 2,574 mRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed under Cd stress, and the changes in the gene expression profile in the shoot were distinct from those in the root. At the miRNA level, 141 known miRNAs belonging to 48 families, and 39 known miRNAs in 23 families were identified to be differentially expressed in the root and shoot, respectively. In addition, we identified eight new miRNA candidates from the root and five from the shoot that were differentially expressed in response to Cd treatment. For the mRNAs, we identified 1,044 genes in the root and 448 genes in the shoot that were up-regulated, while 572 and 645 genes were down-regulated in the root and shoot, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that genes encoding secondary, metabolite synthases, signaling molecules, and ABC transporters were significantly enriched in the root, while only ribosomal protein and carotenoid biosynthesis genes were significantly enriched in the shoot. Then 10 known miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs and six new candidate ones, that showed the opposite expression patterns, were identified by aligning our two datasets against online databases and by using the UEA sRNA toolkit respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to use high throughput DNA sequencing to simultaneously detect changes in miRNA and mRNA expression patterns in the root and shoot in response to Cd treatment. These integrated high-throughput expression data provide a valuable resource to examine global genome expression changes in response to Cd treatment and how these are regulated by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Caiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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Cao F, Chen F, Sun H, Zhang G, Chen ZH, Wu F. Genome-wide transcriptome and functional analysis of two contrasting genotypes reveals key genes for cadmium tolerance in barley. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:611. [PMID: 25038590 PMCID: PMC4117959 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) is a severe detrimental environmental pollutant. To adapt to Cd-induced deleterious effects, plants have evolved sophisticated defence mechanisms. In this study, a genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the mechanisms of Cd tolerance using two barley genotypes with distinct Cd tolerance. Results Microarray expression profiling revealed that 91 genes were up-regulated by Cd in Cd-tolerant genotype Weisuobuzhi and simultaneously down-regulated or non-changed in Cd-sensitive Dong17, and 692 genes showed no change in Weisuobuzhi but down-regulated in Dong17. Novel genes that may play significant roles in Cd tolerance were mainly via generating protectants such as catalase against reactive oxygen species, Cd compartmentalization (e.g. phytochelatin-synthase and vacuolar ATPase), and defence response and DNA replication (e.g. chitinase and histones). Other 156 up-regulated genes in both genotypes also included those encoding proteins related to stress and defence responses, and metabolism-related genes involved in detoxification pathways. Meanwhile, biochemical and physiological analysis of enzyme (ATPase and chitinase), phytohormone (ethylene), ion distribution and transport (Cd, Na+, K+, Ca2+, ABC transporter) demonstrated that significantly larger Cd-induced increases of those components in Weisuobuzhi than those in Dong17. In addition, Cd-induced DNA damage was more pronounced in Dong17 than that in Weisuobuzhi. Conclusions Our findings suggest that combining microarray, physiological and biochemical analysis has provided valuable insights towards a novel integrated molecular mechanism of Cd tolerance in barley. The higher expression genes in Cd tolerant genotype could be used for transgenic overexpression in sensitive genotypes of barley or other cereal crops for elevating tolerance to Cd stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-611) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P,R, China.
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Gaur R, Bhatia S, Gupta M. Generation of expressed sequence tags under cadmium stress for gene discovery and development of molecular markers in chickpea. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:955-72. [PMID: 24414095 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is the world's third most important legume crop and belongs to Fabaceae family but suffered from severe yield loss due to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Development of modern genomic tools such as molecular markers and identification of resistant genes associated with these stresses facilitate improvement in chickpea breeding towards abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, 1597 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from a cDNA library of variety Pusa 1105 root tissue after cadmium (Cd) treatment. Assembly of ESTs resulted in a total of 914 unigenes of which putative homology was obtained for 38.8 % of unigenes after BLASTX search. In terms of species distribution, majority of sequences found similarity with Medicago truncatula followed by Glycine max, Vitis vinifera and Populus trichocarpa and Pisum sativum sequences. Functional annotation was assigned using Blast2Go, and the Gene Ontology (GO) terms were categorized into biological process, molecular function and cellular component. Approximately 10.83 % of unigenes were assigned at least one GO term. Moreover, in the distribution of transcripts into various biological pathways, 20 of the annotated transcripts were assigned to ten pathways in KEGG database. A majority of the genes were found to be involved in sulphur and nitrogen metabolism. In the quantitative real-time PCR analysis, five of the transcription factors and three of the transporter genes were found to be highly expressed after Cd treatment. Besides, the utility of ESTs was demonstrated by exploiting them for the development of 83 genic molecular markers including EST-simple sequence repeats and intron targeted polymorphism that would assist in tagging of genes related to metal stress for future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gaur
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India,
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Pérez-Chaca MV, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Molina AS, Pedranzani HE, Zirulnik F, Sandalio LM, Romero-Puertas MC. Cadmium induces two waves of reactive oxygen species in Glycine max (L.) roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1672-87. [PMID: 24433233 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that may be toxic or even lethal to plants as it can be easily taken up by the roots and loaded into the xylem to the leaves. Using soybean roots (Glycine max L.) DM 4800, we have analysed various parameters related to reactive oxygen metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) during a 6 day Cd exposure. A rise in H(2)O(2) and NO, and to a lesser extent O(2)(·-) content was observed after 6 h exposure with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation and carbonyl group content. Both oxidative markers were significantly reduced after 24 h. A second, higher wave of O(2)(·-) production was also observed after 72 h of exposure followed by a reduction until the end of the treatment. NOX and glicolate oxidase activity might be involved in the initial Cd-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and it appears that other sources may also participate. The analysis of antioxidative enzymes showed an increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity and in transcript levels and activity of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the NADPH-generating enzymes. These results suggest that soybean is able to respond rapidly to oxidative stress imposed by Cd by improving the availability of NADPH necessary for the ascorbate-glutathione cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Verónica Pérez-Chaca
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, FQByF. Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de los Andes 950, San Luis, 5700, Argentina
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Chmielowska-Bąk J, Gzyl J, Rucińska-Sobkowiak R, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Deckert J. The new insights into cadmium sensing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:245. [PMID: 24917871 PMCID: PMC4042028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is non-essential heavy metal, which in excess, exhibits deleterious effects to the most of the organisms. Mobilization of defense mechanisms against this toxic agent requires rapid activation of signaling pathways. The article presents recent advances in the research concerning cadmium signal transduction in plants. New insights into the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), plant growth regulators, and Cd-induced protein modifications are reviewed. Moreover, the role of recently recognized Cd-associated signal elements, including micro RNAs and several cis- and trans-acting elements is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Deckert
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznań, Poland
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Manara A, DalCorso G, Leister D, Jahns P, Baldan B, Furini A. AtSIA1 AND AtOSA1: two Abc1 proteins involved in oxidative stress responses and iron distribution within chloroplasts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:452-465. [PMID: 24117441 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Abc1 protein kinases are a large family of functionally diverse proteins with multiple roles in the regulation of respiration and oxidative stress tolerance. A functional characterization was carried out for AtSIA1, an Arabidopsis thaliana Abc1-like protein, focusing on its potential redundancy with its homolog AtOSA1. Both proteins are located within chloroplasts, even if a different subplastidial localization seems probable. The comparison of atsia1 and atosa1 mutants, atsia1/atosa1 double mutant and wild-type plants revealed a reduction in plastidial iron-containing proteins of the Cytb6 f complex in the mutants. Iron uptake from soil is not hampered in mutant lines, suggesting that AtSIA1 and AtOSA1 affect iron distribution within the chloroplast. Mutants accumulated more ferritin and superoxide, and showed reduced tolerance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially indicating a basal role in oxidative stress. The mutants produced higher concentrations of plastochromanol and plastoquinones than wild-type plants, but only atsia1 plants developed larger plastoglobules and contained higher concentrations of α- and γ-tocopherol and VTE1. Taken together, these data suggest that AtSIA1 and AtOSA1 probably act in signaling pathways that influence responses to ROS production and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Manara
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
| | - Dario Leister
- Dept Biologie I, Botanik, Biozentrum der LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Biochemie der Pflanzen, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Furini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
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Chmielowska-Bąk J, Lefèvre I, Lutts S, Deckert J. Short term signaling responses in roots of young soybean seedlings exposed to cadmium stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1585-94. [PMID: 23942356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the expression of fourteen genes involved in various signal transduction pathways was examined in young soybean (Glycine max) seedlings exposed to cadmium at two concentrations (10 mg L(-1) and 25 mg L(-1)) for short time periods (3, 6 and 24 h). The results show that cadmium causes induction of genes encoding proteins involved in ethylene and polyamines metabolism, nitric oxide generation, MAPK cascades and regulation of other genes' expression. The bioinformatic analysis of promoter sequences of Cd-inducible genes revealed that their promoters possess several regulative motifs associated with the plant response to stress factors and abscisic acid and ethylene signaling. The involvement of ethylene in the response of soybean seedlings to cadmium stress was further confirmed by the real-time analysis of ethylene production during 24 h of CdCl2 treatment. The role of the described signaling elements in transduction of the cadmium signal in young soybean seedlings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagna Chmielowska-Bąk
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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D'Alessandro A, Taamalli M, Gevi F, Timperio AM, Zolla L, Ghnaya T. Cadmium stress responses in Brassica juncea: hints from proteomics and metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4979-97. [PMID: 24074147 DOI: 10.1021/pr400793e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among heavy metal stressors, cadmium (Cd) pollution is one leading threat to the environment. In this view, research efforts have been increasingly put forward to promote the individuation of phytoextractor plants that are capable of accumulating and withstanding the toxic metals, including Cd, in the aerial parts. We hereby adopted the hyperaccumulator B. juncea (Indian mustard) as a model to investigate plant responses to Cd stress at low (25 μM) and high (100 μM) doses. Analytical strategies included mass-spectrometry-based determination of Cd and the assessment of its effect on the leaf proteome and metabolome. Results were thus integrated with routine physiological data. Taken together, physiology results highlighted the deregulation of photosynthesis efficiency, ATP synthesis, reduced transpiration, and the impairment of light-independent carbon fixation reactions. These results were supported at the proteomics level by the observed Cd-dependent alteration of photosystem components and the alteration of metabolic enzymes, including ATP synthase subunits, carbonic anhydrase, and enzymes involved in antioxidant responses (especially glutathione and phytochelatin homeostasis) and the Calvin cycle. Metabolomics results confirmed the alterations of energy-generating metabolic pathways, sulfur-compound metabolism (GSH and PCs), and Calvin cycle. Besides, metabolomics results highlighted the up-regulation of phosphoglycolate, a byproduct of the photorespiration metabolism. This was suggestive of the likely increased photorespiration rate as a means to cope with Cd-induced unbalance in stomatal conductance and deregulation of CO2 homeostasis, which would, in turn, promote CO2 depletion and O2 (and thus oxidative stress) accumulation under prolonged photosynthesis in the leaves from plants exposed to high doses of CdCl2. Overall, it emerges that Cd-stressed B. juncea might rely on photorespiration, an adaptation that would prevent the over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia , Largo dell'Università, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Tang C, Xiao X, Li H, Fan Y, Yang J, Qi J, Li H. Comparative analysis of latex transcriptome reveals putative molecular mechanisms underlying super productivity of Hevea brasiliensis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75307. [PMID: 24066172 PMCID: PMC3774812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing demand for natural rubber prompts studies into the mechanisms governing the productivity of rubber tree (Heveabrasiliensis). It is very interesting to notice that a rubber tree of clone PR107 in Yunnan, China is reported to yield more than 20 times higher than the average rubber tree. This super-high-yielding (SHY) rubber tree (designated as SY107), produced 4.12 kg of latex (cytoplasm of rubber producing laticifers, containing about 30% of rubber) per tapping, more than 7-fold higher than that of the control. This rubber tree is therefore a good material to study how the rubber production is regulated at a molecular aspect. A comprehensive cDNA-AFLP transcript profiling was performed on the latex of SY107 and its average counterparts by using the 384 selective primer pairs for two restriction enzyme combinations (ApoI/MseI and TaqI/MseI). A total of 746 differentially expressed (DE) transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were identified, of which the expression patterns of 453 TDFs were further confirmed by RT-PCR. These RT-PCR confirmed TDFs represented 352 non-redundant genes, of which 215 had known or partially known functions and were grouped into 10 functional categories. The top three largest categories were transcription and protein synthesis (representing 24.7% of the total genes), defense and stress (15.3%), and primary and secondary metabolism (14.0%). Detailed analysis of the DE-genes suggests notable characteristics of SHY phenotype in improved sucrose loading capability, rubber biosynthesis-preferred sugar utilization, enhanced general metabolism and timely stress alleviation. However, the SHY phenotype has little correlation with rubber-biosynthesis pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorong Tang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
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Zhou CP, Qi YP, You X, Yang LT, Guo P, Ye X, Zhou XX, Ke FJ, Chen LS. Leaf cDNA-AFLP analysis of two citrus species differing in manganese tolerance in response to long-term manganese-toxicity. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:621. [PMID: 24034812 PMCID: PMC3847489 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very little is known about manganese (Mn)-toxicity-responsive genes in citrus plants. Seedlings of ‘Xuegan’ (Citrus sinensis) and ‘Sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis) were irrigated for 17 weeks with nutrient solution containing 2 μM (control) or 600 μM (Mn-toxicity) MnSO4. The objectives of this study were to understand the mechanisms of citrus Mn-tolerance and to identify differentially expressed genes, which might be involved in Mn-tolerance. Results Under Mn-toxicity, the majority of Mn in seedlings was retained in the roots; C. sinensis seedlings accumulated more Mn in roots and less Mn in shoots (leaves) than C. grandis ones and Mn concentration was lower in Mn-toxicity C. sinensis leaves compared to Mn-toxicity C. grandis ones. Mn-toxicity affected C. grandis seedling growth, leaf CO2 assimilation, total soluble concentration, phosphorus (P) and magenisum (Mg) more than C. sinensis. Using cDNA-AFLP, we isolated 42 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated genes in Mn-toxicity C. grandis leaves. They were grouped into the following functional categories: biological regulation and signal transduction, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, protein metabolism, lipid metabolism, cell wall metabolism, stress responses and cell transport. However, only 7 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated genes were identified in Mn-toxicity C. sinensis ones. The responses of C. grandis leaves to Mn-toxicity might include following several aspects: (1) accelerating leaf senescence; (2) activating the metabolic pathway related to ATPase synthesis and reducing power production; (3) decreasing cell transport; (4) inhibiting protein and nucleic acid metabolisms; (5) impairing the formation of cell wall; and (6) triggering multiple signal transduction pathways. We also identified many new Mn-toxicity-responsive genes involved in biological and signal transduction, carbohydrate and protein metabolisms, stress responses and cell transport. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that C. sinensis was more tolerant to Mn-toxicity than C. grandis, and that Mn-toxicity affected gene expression far less in C. sinensis leaves. This might be associated with more Mn accumulation in roots and less Mn accumulation in leaves of Mn-toxicity C. sinensis seedlings than those of C. grandis seedlings. Our findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the responses of plants to Mn-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ping Zhou
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China.
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Li X, Kim YB, Uddin MR, Lee S, Kim SJ, Park SU. Influence of light on the free amino acid content and γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis in Brassica juncea seedlings. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8624-31. [PMID: 23909820 DOI: 10.1021/jf401956v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is an important enzyme in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis. Here we report the influence of light on amino acid accumulation and investigate the molecular mechanism by which light influences GABA biosynthesis at the seedling stage of two mustard (Brassica juncea) cultivars (green-leaf and purple-leaf). Gene expression profiles of four GAD-encoding genes (GAD1, GAD2, GAD4a, and GAD4b) and their impact on GABA biosynthesis were analyzed. Light exerted an obvious influence on amino acid accumulation in mustard seedlings. GAD gene expression was also significantly regulated by light/dark or dark treatment, which differentially regulated GABA biosynthesis in B. juncea seedlings. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the seeds of purple cultivars contain a higher amount of free amino acids and GABA than do the seeds of green cultivars. After seed germination, however, the accumulation of free amino acids peaked in dark-treated seedlings on day 9 in both cultivars, whereas GABA synthesis peaked at 9 days under light conditions. This study may provide a foundation for understanding the effect of light on amino acids, particularly GABA biosynthesis in Brassica plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Crop Science and ‡Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Gallego SM, Pena LB, Barcia RA, Azpilicueta CE, Iannone MF, Rosales EP, Zawoznik MS, Groppa MD, Benavides MP. Unravelling cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants: Insight into regulatory mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Azevedo RA, Gratão PL, Monteiro CC, Carvalho RF. What is new in the research on cadmium‐induced stress in plants? Food Energy Secur 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A. Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Priscila L. Gratão
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carolina C. Monteiro
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rogério F. Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
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Lundquist PK, Davis JI, van Wijk KJ. ABC1K atypical kinases in plants: filling the organellar kinase void. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:546-55. [PMID: 22694836 PMCID: PMC3926664 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surprisingly few protein kinases have been demonstrated in chloroplasts or mitochondria. Here, we discuss the activity of bc(1) complex kinase (ABC1K) protein family, which we suggest locate in mitochondria and plastids, thus filling the kinase void. The ABC1Ks are atypical protein kinases and their ancestral function is the regulation of quinone synthesis. ABC1Ks have proliferated from one or two members in non-photosynthetic organisms to more than 16 members in algae and higher plants. In this review, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of the ABC1K family, provide a functional domain analysis for angiosperms and a nomenclature for ABC1Ks in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays). Finally, we hypothesize that targets of ABC1Ks include enzymes of prenyl-lipid metabolism as well as components of the organellar gene expression machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Lundquist
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Shah K, Nahakpam S. Heat exposure alters the expression of SOD, POD, APX and CAT isozymes and mitigates low cadmium toxicity in seedlings of sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 57:106-13. [PMID: 22698753 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A 0-500 μM Cd(2+) alone and/or heat stress in rice cv. DR-92 (sensitive) and cv. Bh-1 (tolerant), altered the banding patterns of SOD, CAT, POD and APX enzymes in roots/shoots. In controls, six/seven activity bands for POD in roots/shoots were observed. The band intensities of some decreased under combination of Cd(2+) + heat stress. Six SOD isoforms in shoots of cv. Bh-1 and three in cv. DR-92 appeared. In sensitive cv. DR-92 a trinuclear Cu/Zn/Mn-SOD 1 isozyme was upregulated in shoots under Cd/HS/Cd + HS treatments whereas a suppression in the same was noticed in roots. Under Cd alone the Cu/Zn/Mn-SOD 2 was strongly induced in roots which was otherwise absent in all HS treatments. POD R7 band was absent in HS alone but was induced under Cd(2+) + HS treatments in rice cv. DR-92. In tolerant cv. Bh-1, isozyme Mn-SOD 3 was induced under Cd alone but was absent under HS. Cu/Zn/Mn-SOD 2 and Cu/Zn/Mn-SOD 3 were strongly induced in roots and shoots under low or moderate Cd(2+) + HS treatments. APX R4/CATR2 isozymes which were absent under Cd(2+) alone or HS alone were induced under combination of Cd(2+) + HS indicating de novo synthesis of enzyme proteins under combined stressors. Decreased band intensities under Cd(2+) + HS suggest a cross-talk between response pathways of Cd(2+) and heat stress in rice. Results suggest Cd(2+) specific, heat-specific, tissue specific and differential expression of SOD/POD/APX/CAT and that Mn-SOD 3/APXR4/CATR2 seem to form important components of antioxidant defense in rice roots under combination of Cd(2+) + HS which helps to mitigate the effect of low Cd(2+) toxicity in tolerant rice cv. Bh-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Shah
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Rampino P, Mita G, Fasano P, Borrelli GM, Aprile A, Dalessandro G, De Bellis L, Perrotta C. Novel durum wheat genes up-regulated in response to a combination of heat and drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 56:72-8. [PMID: 22609457 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of heat, drought and combined stress on the expression of a group of genes that are up-regulated under these conditions in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) plants. Modulation of gene expression was studied by cDNA-AFLP performed on RNAs extracted from flag leaves. By this approach, we identified several novel durum wheat genes whose expression is modulated under different stress conditions. We focused on a group of hitherto undescribed up-regulated genes in durum wheat, among these, 7 are up-regulated by heat, 8 by drought stress, 15 by combined heat and drought stress, 4 are up-regulated by both heat and combined stress, and 3 by both drought and combined stress. The functional characterization of these genes will provide new data that could help the developing of strategies aimed at improving durum wheat tolerance to field stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Rampino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov. le Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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