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Xiong C, Li X, Wang X, Wang J, Lambers H, Vance CP, Shen J, Cheng L. Flavonoids are involved in phosphorus-deficiency-induced cluster-root formation in white lupin. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:101-112. [PMID: 34668958 PMCID: PMC8829899 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Initiation of cluster roots in white lupin (Lupinus albus) under phosphorus (P) deficiency requires auxin signalling, whereas flavonoids inhibit auxin transport. However, little information is available about the interactions between P deficiency and flavonoids in terms of cluster-root formation in white lupin. METHODS Hydroponic and aeroponic systems were used to investigate the role of flavonoids in cluster-root formation, with or without 75 μm P supply. KEY RESULTS Phosphorus-deficiency-induced flavonoid accumulation in cluster roots depended on developmental stage, based on in situ determination of fluorescence of flavonoids and flavonoid concentration. LaCHS8, which codes for a chalcone synthase isoform, was highly expressed in cluster roots, and silencing LaCHS8 reduced flavonoid production and rootlet density. Exogenous flavonoids suppressed cluster-root formation. Tissue-specific distribution of flavonoids in roots was altered by P deficiency, suggesting that P deficiency induced flavonoid accumulation, thus fine-tuning the effect of flavonoids on cluster-root formation. Furthermore, naringenin inhibited expression of an auxin-responsive DR5:GUS marker, suggesting an interaction of flavonoids and auxin in regulating cluster-root formation. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorus deficiency triggered cluster-root formation through the regulation of flavonoid distribution, which fine-tuned an auxin response in the early stages of cluster-root development. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cluster-root formation under P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyong Xiong
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carroll P Vance
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota and United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- For correspondence. E-mail ;
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- For correspondence. E-mail ;
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Yang Z, Gao Z, Zhou H, He Y, Liu Y, Lai Y, Zheng J, Li X, Liao H. GmPTF1 modifies root architecture responses to phosphate starvation primarily through regulating GmEXPB2 expression in soybean. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:525-543. [PMID: 33960526 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Though root architecture modifications may be critically important for improving phosphorus (P) efficiency in crops, the regulatory mechanisms triggering these changes remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that genotypic variation in GmEXPB2 expression is strongly correlated with root elongation and P acquisition efficiency, and enhancing its transcription significantly improves soybean yield in the field. Promoter deletion analysis was performed using 5' truncation fragments (P1-P6) of GmEXPB2 fused with the GUS gene in soybean transgenic hairy roots, which revealed that the P1 segment containing three E-box elements significantly enhances induction of gene expression in response to phosphate (Pi) starvation. Further experimentation demonstrated that GmPTF1, a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is the regulatory factor responsible for the induction of GmEXPB2 expression in response to Pi starvation. In short, Pi starvation induced expression of GmPTF1, with the GmPTF1 product directly binding to the E-box motif in the P1 region of the GmEXPB2 promoter. Plus, both GmPTF1 and GmEXPB2 highly expressed in lateral roots, and were significantly enhanced by P deficiency. Further work with soybean stable transgenic plants through RNA sequencing analysis showed that altering GmPTF1 expression significantly impacted the transcription of a series of cell wall genes, including GmEXPB2, and thereby affected root growth, biomass and P uptake. Taken together, this work identifies a novel regulatory factor, GmPTF1, involved in changing soybean root architecture partially through regulation of the expression of GmEXPB2 by binding the E-box motif in its promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yang
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhi Gao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huiwen Zhou
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ying He
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanxing Liu
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yelin Lai
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiakun Zheng
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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3
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Liu D. Root developmental responses to phosphorus nutrition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1065-1090. [PMID: 33710755 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form of phosphorus that plants uptake. In this review, I first consider the relationship between RSA and plant phosphorus-acquisition efficiency, describe how external phosphorus conditions both induce and impose changes in the RSA of major crops and of the model plant Arabidopsis, and discuss whether shoot phosphorus status affects RSA and whether there is a universal root developmental response across all plant species. I then summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing root developmental responses to phosphorus deficiency. I also explore the possible reasons for the inconsistent results reported by different research groups and comment on the relevance of some studies performed under laboratory conditions to what occurs in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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4
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Delgado M, Henríquez-Castillo C, Zuñiga-Feest A, Sepúlveda F, Hasbún R, Hanna P, Reyes-Díaz M, Bertin-Benavides A. Cluster roots of Embothrium coccineum modify their metabolism and show differential gene expression in response to phosphorus supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 161:191-199. [PMID: 33621863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Embothrium coccineum produces cluster roots (CR) to acquire sparingly soluble phosphorus (P) from the soil through the exudation of organic compounds. However, the physiological mechanisms involved in carbon drainage through its roots, as well as the gene expression involved in the biosynthesis of carboxylates and P uptake, have not been explored. In this work, we evaluated the relationship between carboxylate exudation rate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity in roots of E. coccineum seedlings grown in a nutrient-poor volcanic substrate. Second, we evaluated CR formation and the expression of genes involved in the production of carboxylates (PEPC) and P uptake (PHT1) in E. coccineum seedlings grown under three different P supplies in hydroponic conditions. Our results showed that the carboxylate exudation rate was higher in CR than in non-CR, which was consistent with the higher PEPC activity in CR. We found higher CR formation in seedlings grown at 5 μM of P supply, concomitant with a higher expression of EcPEPC and EcPHT1 in CR than in non-CR. Overall, mature CR of E. coccineum seedlings growing on volcanic substrates poor in nutrients modify their metabolism compared to non-CR, enhancing carboxylate biosynthesis and subsequent carboxylate exudation. Additionally, transcriptional responses of EcPEPC and EcPHT1 were induced simultaneously when E. coccineum seedlings were grown in P-limited conditions that favored CR formation. Our results showed, for the first time, changes at the molecular level in CR of a species of the Proteaceae family, demonstrating that these root structures are highly specialized in P mobilization and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Delgado
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Alejandra Zuñiga-Feest
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco Sepúlveda
- Laboratorio de Epigenética Vegetal, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Hasbún
- Laboratorio de Epigenética Vegetal, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ariana Bertin-Benavides
- Laboratorio de Epigenética Vegetal, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; ONG Conciencia Sur, Chile.
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5
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Yang A, Kong L, Wang H, Yao X, Xie F, Wang H, Ao X. Response of Soybean Root to Phosphorus Deficiency under Sucrose Feeding: Insight from Morphological and Metabolome Characterizations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2148032. [PMID: 32904516 PMCID: PMC7456465 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2148032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one the least available essential plant macronutrients in soils that is a major constraint on plant growth. Soybean (Glycine max L.) production is often limited due to low P availability. The better management of P deficiency requires improvement of soybean's P use efficiency. Sugars are implicated in P starvation responses, and a complete understanding of the role of sucrose together with P in coordinating P starvation responses is missing in soybean. This study explored global metabolomic changes in previously screened low-P-tolerant (Liaodou, L13) and low-P-sensitive (Tiefeng 3, T3) soybean genotypes by liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. We also studied the root morphological response to sucrose application (1%) in P-starved soybean genotypes against normal P supply. Root morphology in L13 genotype has significantly improved P starvation responses as compared to the T3 genotype. Exogenous sucrose application greatly affected root length, root volume, and root surface area in L13 genotype while low-P-sensitive genotype, i.e., T3, only responded by increasing number of lateral roots. Root : shoot ratio increased after sucrose treatment regardless of P conditions, in both genotypes. T3 showed a relatively higher number of differentially accumulated metabolites between P-starved and normal P conditions as compared to L13 genotype. Common metabolites accumulated under the influence of sucrose were 5-O-methylembelin, D-glucuronic acid, and N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine. We have discussed the possible roles of the pathways associated with these metabolites. The differentially accumulated metabolites between both genotypes under the influence of sucrose are also discussed. These results are important to further explore the role of sucrose in the observed pathways. Especially, our results are relevant to formulate strategies for improving P efficiency of soybean genotypes with different P efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahui Yang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lingjian Kong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xingdong Yao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Futi Xie
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xue Ao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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6
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Zhou T, Wang L, Yang H, Gao Y, Liu W, Yang W. Ameliorated light conditions increase the P uptake capability of soybean in a relay-strip intercropping system by altering root morphology and physiology in the areas with low solar radiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1069-1080. [PMID: 31726538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Belowground interspecific facilitation and complementarity contribute to the phosphorus (P) uptake advantages in the cereal-legume intercropping system. However, the root morphological and physiological plasticity and, subsequently, the P uptake capability response to light conditions in intercropping systems remain unclear. Soybean was grown under two levels of P application rates in sole and intercropping systems (maize/soybean relay strip intercropping) from 2016 to 2018 in Renshou, southwest of China. As a supplement to the field experiment, soybean was also grown in L-S (simulating the light conditions of sole cropping in the field: light first and then shading) and S-L (simulating the light conditions of intercropping in the field: shading first and then light) light conditions with two levels of P application in 2018 in a pot experiment. After maize harvest (approximately 3/4 of the soybean growth period), light capture in intercropping was higher than sole (ameliorated light conditions in intercropping system), which resulted in an advantage of P uptake in intercropped soybean. Both low P supply and more light capture increased the total root length and root APase activity. The genes GmEXPB2 (which is associated with root growth) and GmACP1 (which is associated with exudation of APase) were highly expressed in plants that captured more light under both P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. Additionally, more light capture increased the production of lateral roots and the proportion of in the upper 15 cm soil layer roots at the reproductive stage in the field. Across the field and pot experiments, increased root morphological and physiological plasticity were associated with lower P concentrations in the leaves and greater allocation of photosynthates to roots as sucrose. It is suggested that ameliorated light conditions can regulate soybean root growth plasticity and, consequently, P uptake in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping systems, especially in the areas with low solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China..
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China..
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7
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Zhang ZW, Feng LY, Wang JH, Fu YF, Cai X, Wang CQ, Du JB, Yuan M, Chen YE, Xu PZ, Lan T, Chen GD, Wu LT, Li Y, Hu JY, Yuan S. Two-factor ANOVA of SSH and RNA-seq analysis reveal development-associated Pi-starvation genes in oilseed rape. PLANTA 2019; 250:1073-1088. [PMID: 31165231 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 5-leaf-stage rape seedlings were more insensitive to Pi starvation than that of the 3-leaf-stage plants, which may be attributed to the higher expression levels of ethylene signaling and sugar-metabolism genes in more mature seedlings. Traditional suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and RNA-Seq usually screen out thousands of differentially expressed genes. However, identification of the most important regulators has not been performed to date. Here, we employed two methods, namely, a two-round SSH and two-factor transcriptome analysis derived from the two-factor ANOVA that is commonly used in the statistics, to identify development-associated inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation-induced genes in Brassica napus. Several of these genes are related to ethylene signaling (such as EIN3, ACO3, ACS8, ERF1A, and ERF2) or sugar metabolism (such as ACC2, GH3, LHCB1.4, XTH4, and SUS2). Although sucrose and ethylene may counteract each other at the biosynthetic level, they may also work synergistically on Pi-starvation-induced gene expression (such as PT1, PT2, RNS1, ACP5, AT4, and IPS1) and root acid phosphatase activation. Furthermore, three new transcription factors that are responsive to Pi starvation were identified: the zinc-finger MYND domain-containing protein 15 (MYND), a Magonashi family protein (MAGO), and a B-box zinc-finger family salt-tolerance protein. This study indicates that the two methods are highly efficient for functional gene screening in non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling-Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Hui Wang
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Cai
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang-Quan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun-Bo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei-Zhou Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guang-Deng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin-Tao Wu
- Rape Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550008, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Rape Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin-Yao Hu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Zhou Y, Sarker U, Neumann G, Ludewig U. The LaCEP1 peptide modulates cluster root morphology in Lupinus albus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:525-537. [PMID: 29984412 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
White lupin cluster roots are specialized brush-like root structures that are formed in some species under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions. They intensely secrete protons and organic acid anions for solubilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble phosphates. Phytohormones and sucrose modulate cluster root number, but the molecular mechanisms of cluster root formation have been elusive. Here, a novel peptide phytohormone was identified that affects cluster root development. It belongs to the C-TERMINALLY-ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) family. Members of that family arrest root growth and modulate branching in model species. LaCEP1 was highly expressed in the pre-emergence zone of clusters. Over-expression of the gene encoding the LaCEP1 propeptide resulted in moderate inhibition of cluster root formation. The primary and lateral root lengths of lupin were little affected by the overexpression, but LaCEP1 reduced cluster rootlet and root hair elongation. Addition of a 15-mer core peptide derived from LaCEP1 similarly altered root morphology and modified cluster activity, suggesting that a core sequence of the propeptide is functionally sufficient. Stable overexpression in Arabidopsis confirmed the LaCEP1 function in root growth inhibition across species. Taken together, the root inhibitory effects of the LaCEP1 phytohormone suggest a role as of a regulatory module involved in cluster root development in white lupin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, D-70593, Germany
| | - Upama Sarker
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, D-70593, Germany
| | - Günter Neumann
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, D-70593, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, D-70593, Germany
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9
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Zhou T, Wang L, Li S, Gao Y, Du Y, Zhao L, Liu W, Yang W. Interactions Between Light Intensity and Phosphorus Nutrition Affect the P Uptake Capacity of Maize and Soybean Seedling in a Low Light Intensity Area. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:183. [PMID: 30838016 PMCID: PMC6390497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To capture more nutrients, root systems of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) exhibit morphological and physiological plasticity to a localized supply of phosphorus (P). However, the mechanisms of the interaction between light intensity and P affecting root morphological and physiological alterations remain unclear. In the present study, the regulation of P uptake capacity of maize and soybean by light intensity and localized P supply was investigated in a low solar radiation area. The plants were grown under continual and disrupted light conditions with homogeneous and heterogeneous P supply. Light capture of maize and soybean increased under the disrupted light condition. Plant dry weight and P uptake were increased by more light capture, particularly when plants were grown in soil with heterogeneous P supply. Similarly, both localized P supply and disrupted light treatment increased the production of fine roots and specific root length in maize. Both homogeneous P supply and disrupted light treatment increased the malate and citrate exudation in the root of soybean. Across all of the experimental treatments, high root morphological plasticity of maize and root physiological plasticity of soybean were associated with lower P concentrations in leaves and greater sucrose concentrations in roots. It is suggested that the carbon (C), exceeded shoot growth capabilities and was transferred to roots as sucrose, which may serve as both a nutritional signal and a C-substrate for root morphological and physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongli Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Sichuan Coalfield Geological Bureau, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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10
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Liu Y, Xie Y, Wang H, Ma X, Yao W, Wang H. Light and Ethylene Coordinately Regulate the Phosphate Starvation Response through Transcriptional Regulation of PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2269-2284. [PMID: 28842534 PMCID: PMC5635990 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved an array of adaptive responses to low Pi availability, a process modulated by various external stimuli and endogenous growth regulatory signals. Little is known about how these signaling processes interact to produce an integrated response. Arabidopsis thaliana PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1) encodes a conserved MYB-type transcription factor that is essential for programming Pi starvation-induced gene expression and downstream Pi starvation responses (PSRs). Here, we show that loss-of-function mutations in FHY3 and FAR1, encoding two positive regulators of phytochrome signaling, and in EIN3, encoding a master regulator of ethylene responses, cause attenuated PHR1 expression, whereas mutation in HY5, encoding another positive regulator of light signaling, causes increased PHR1 expression. FHY3, FAR1, HY5, and EIN3 directly bind to the PHR1 promoter through distinct cis-elements. FHY3, FAR1, and EIN3 activate, while HY5 represses, PHR1 expression. FHY3 directly interacts with EIN3, and HY5 suppresses the transcriptional activation activity of FHY3 and EIN3 on PHR1 Finally, both light and ethylene promote FHY3 protein accumulation, and ethylene blocks the light-promoted stabilization of HY5. Our results suggest that light and ethylene coordinately regulate PHR1 expression and PSRs through signaling convergence at the PHR1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yurong Xie
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjun Yao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Thompson M, Gamage D, Hirotsu N, Martin A, Seneweera S. Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Photosynthesis and Carbon Partitioning: A Perspective on Root Sugar Sensing and Hormonal Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2017; 8:578. [PMID: 28848452 PMCID: PMC5550704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant responses to atmospheric carbon dioxide will be of great concern in the future, as carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) are predicted to continue to rise. Elevated [CO2] causes increased photosynthesis in plants, which leads to greater production of carbohydrates and biomass. Which organ the extra carbohydrates are allocated to varies between species, but also within species. These carbohydrates are a major energy source for plant growth, but they also act as signaling molecules and have a range of uses beyond being a source of carbon and energy. Currently, there is a lack of information on how the sugar sensing and signaling pathways of plants are affected by the higher content of carbohydrates produced under elevated [CO2]. Particularly, the sugar signaling pathways of roots are not well understood, along with how they are affected by elevated [CO2]. At elevated [CO2], some plants allocate greater amounts of sugars to roots where they are likely to act on gene regulation and therefore modify nutrient uptake and transport. Glucose and sucrose also promote root growth, an effect similar to what occurs under elevated [CO2]. Sugars also crosstalk with hormones to regulate root growth, but also affect hormone biosynthesis. This review provides an update on the role of sugars as signaling molecules in plant roots and thus explores the currently known functions that may be affected by elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thompson
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Dananjali Gamage
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Naoki Hirotsu
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo UniversityItakura-machi, Japan
| | - Anke Martin
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Chen W, Li J, Zhu H, Xu P, Chen J, Yao Q. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Enhances Lateral Root Formation in Poncirus trifoliata (L.) as Revealed by RNA-Seq Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2039. [PMID: 29238356 PMCID: PMC5713035 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiosis with most terrestrial plants, and greatly regulate lateral root (LR) formation. Phosphorus (P), sugar, and plant hormones are proposed being involved in this regulation, however, no global evidence regarding these factors is available so far, especially in woody plants. In this study, we inoculated trifoliate orange seedlings (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf) with an AMF isolate, Rhizophagus irregularis BGC JX04B. After 4 months of growth, LR formation was characterized, and sugar contents in roots were determined. RNA-Seq analysis was performed to obtain the transcriptomes of LR root tips from non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal seedlings. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) of selected genes was also conducted for validation. The results showed that AMF significantly increased LR number, as well as plant biomass and shoot P concentration. The contents of glucose and fructose in primary root, and sucrose content in LR were also increased. A total of 909 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to AMF inoculation, and qRT-PCR validated the transcriptomic data. The numbers of DEGs related to P, sugar, and plant hormones were 31, 32, and 25, respectively. For P metabolism, the most up-regulated DEGs mainly encoded phosphate transporter, and the most down-regulated DEGs encoded acid phosphatase. For sugar metabolism, the most up-regulated DEGs encoded polygalacturonase and chitinase. For plant hormones, the most up-regulated DEGs were related to auxin signaling, and the most down-regulated DEGs were related to ethylene signaling. PLS-SEM analysis indicates that P metabolism was the most important pathway by which AMF regulates LR formation in this study. These data reveal the changes of genome-wide gene expression in responses to AMF inoculation in trifoliate orange and provide a solid basis for the future identification and characterization of key genes involved in LR formation induced by AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyang Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiezhong Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Yao
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13
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Müller J, Gödde V, Niehaus K, Zörb C. Metabolic Adaptations of White Lupin Roots and Shoots under Phosphorus Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1014. [PMID: 26635840 PMCID: PMC4656794 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is highly adapted to phosphorus-diminished soils. P-deficient white lupin plants modify their root architecture and physiology to acquire sparingly available soil phosphorus. We employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for metabolic profiling of P-deficient white lupins, to investigate biochemical pathways involved in the P-acquiring strategy. After 14 days of P-deficiency, plants showed reduced levels of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in shoots. Phosphorylated metabolites such as glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, myo-inositol-phosphate and glycerol-3-phosphate were reduced in both shoots and roots. After 22 days of P-deficiency, no effect on shoot or root sugar metabolite levels was found, but the levels of phosphorylated metabolites were further reduced. Organic acids, amino acids and several shikimate pathway products showed enhanced levels in 22-day-old P-deficient roots and shoots. These results indicate that P-deficient white lupins adapt their carbohydrate partitioning between shoot and root in order to supply their growing root system as an early response to P-deficiency. Organic acids are released into the rhizosphere to mobilize phosphorus from soil particles. A longer period of P-deficiency leads to scavenging of Pi from P-containing metabolites and reduced protein anabolism, but enhanced formation of secondary metabolites. The latter can serve as stress protection molecules or actively acquire phosphorus from the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Müller
- Crop Product Quality, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Victoria Gödde
- Centre for Biotechnology–CeBiTec, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Centre for Biotechnology–CeBiTec, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Crop Product Quality, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
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14
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Song L, Liu D. Ethylene and plant responses to phosphate deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:796. [PMID: 26483813 PMCID: PMC4586416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Phosphate (Pi), the major form of phosphorus that plants take up through roots, however, is limited in most soils. To cope with Pi deficiency, plants activate an array of adaptive responses to reprioritize internal Pi use and enhance external Pi acquisition. These responses are modulated by sophisticated regulatory networks through both local and systemic signaling, but the signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. Early studies suggested that the phytohormone ethylene plays a key role in Pi deficiency-induced remodeling of root system architecture. Recently, ethylene was also shown to be involved in the regulation of other signature responses of plants to Pi deficiency. In this article, we review how researchers have used pharmacological and genetic approaches to dissect the roles of ethylene in regulating Pi deficiency-induced developmental and physiological changes. The interactions between ethylene and other signaling molecules, such as sucrose, auxin, and microRNA399, in the control of plant Pi responses are also examined. Finally, we provide a perspective for the future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, BeijingChina
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15
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Wang X, Veneklaas EJ, Pearse SJ, Lambers H. Interactions among cluster-root investment, leaf phosphorus concentration, and relative growth rate in two Lupinus species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:1529-1537. [PMID: 26346428 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Cluster-root (CR) formation is a desirable trait to improve phosphorus (P) acquisition as global P resources are dwindling. CRs in some lupine species are suppressed at higher P status. Whether increased growth rate enhances CR formation due to a "dilution" of leaf P concentration is unknown. We investigated interactive effects of leaf P status and relative growth rate (RGR) on CR formation in two Lupinus species, which differ in their CR biomass investment. Variation in RGR was imposed by varying day length. METHODS Lupinus albus and L. pilosus were grown hydroponically with KH2PO4 at a day length of 6, 10, or 14 h. We used a slightly higher P supply at longer day lengths to avoid a decline in leaf P concentration, which would induce CRs. Cluster-root percentage, leaf P concentrations, and RGR were determined at 22, 38, and 52 d after sowing. KEY RESULTS Lupinus species grown at similar root P availability, but with a faster growth rate, as dependent on day length, showed a greater CR percentage. Because our aim to achieve exactly the same leaf P concentrations at different day lengths was only partially achieved, we carried out a multiple regression analysis. This analysis showed the CR percentage was strongly and negatively correlated with plant P status and only marginally and positively correlated with RGR. CONCLUSIONS The two Lupinus species invariably formed fewer cluster roots at higher leaf P status, irrespective of RGR. Differences in RGR or leaf P concentration cannot explain the species-specific variation in cluster-root investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- School of Plant Biology and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Plant Biology and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart J Pearse
- School of Plant Biology and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
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16
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Wang Z, Shen J, Ludewig U, Neumann G. A re-assessment of sucrose signaling involved in cluster-root formation and function in phosphate-deficient white lupin (Lupinus albus). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 154:407-19. [PMID: 25412792 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Apart from substrate functions, a signaling role of sucrose in root growth regulation is well established. This raised the question whether sucrose signals might also be involved in formation of cluster-roots (CRs) under phosphate (Pi) limitation, mediating exudation of phosphorus (P)-mobilizing root exudates, e.g. in Lupinus albus and members of the Proteaceae. Earlier studies demonstrated that CR formation in L. albus was mimicked to some extent by external application of high sucrose concentrations (25 mM) in the presence of extremely high P supply (1-10 mM), usually suppressing CR formation. In this study, we re-addressed this question using an axenic hydroponic culture system with normal P supply (0.1 mM) and a range of sucrose applications (0.25-25 mM). The 2.5 mM sucrose concentration was comparable with internal sucrose levels in the zone of CR initiation in first-order laterals of P-deficient plants (3.4 mM) and induced the same CR morphology. Similar to earlier studies, high sucrose concentrations (25 mM) resulted in root thickening and inhibition of root elongation, associated with a 10-fold increase of the internal sucrose level. The sucrose analog palatinose and a combination of glucose/fructose failed to stimulate CR formation under P-sufficient conditions, demonstrating a signal function of sucrose and excluding osmotic or carbon source effects. In contrast to earlier findings, sucrose was able to induce CR formation but had no effect on CR functioning with respect to citrate exudation, in vitro activity and expression of genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, secretory acid phosphatase and MATE transporters, mediating P-mobilizing functions of CRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Wang
- Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Günter Neumann
- Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
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17
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Lambers H, Martinoia E, Renton M. Plant adaptations to severely phosphorus-impoverished soils. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:23-31. [PMID: 25912783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizas play a pivotal role in phosphorus (P) acquisition of plant roots, by enhancing the soil volume that can be explored. Non-mycorrhizal plant species typically occur either in relatively fertile soil or on soil with a very low P availability, where there is insufficient P in the soil solution for mycorrhizal hyphae to be effective. Soils with a very low P availability are either old and severely weathered or relatively young with high concentrations of oxides and hydroxides of aluminium and iron that sorb P. In such soils, cluster roots and other specialised roots that release P-mobilising carboxylates are more effective than mycorrhizas. Cluster roots are ephemeral structures that release carboxylates in an exudative burst. The carboxylates mobilise sparingly-available sources of soil P. The relative investment of biomass in cluster roots and the amount of carboxylates that are released during the exudative burst differ between species on severely weathered soils with a low total P concentration and species on young soils with high total P concentrations but low P availability. Taking a modelling approach, we explore how the optimal cluster-root strategy depends on soil characteristics, thus offering insights for plant breeders interested in developing crop plants with optimal cluster-root strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Renton
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia
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18
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Jin C, Fang C, Yuan H, Wang S, Wu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Luo J. Interaction between carbon metabolism and phosphate accumulation is revealed by a mutation of a cellulose synthase-like protein, CSLF6. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2557-67. [PMID: 25740927 PMCID: PMC4986868 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. However, the network that affects phosphate (Pi) accumulation in crops is not well established. It is reported here that OsCSLF6, a member of the cellulose synthase-like family (CSLF), which is found only in grasses, is involved in Pi accumulation. The oscslf6 mutants (oscslf6-1 and oscslf6-2) display Pi toxic symptoms and increased Pi accumulation in both roots and shoots under the Pi-sufficient condition, which correlate with the induced expression of Pi transporters in the knockout mutants. Consistent with the over-accumulation of Pi, a significant decrease in primary root length, adventitious root length, and adventitious root number were observed in the oscslf6 mutants when compared with the wild type (WT) under Pi-sufficient conditions. In addition, the sucrose (Suc) level was increased in the oscslf6 mutants and the expression of sucrose synthases (OsSUS4/5) and sucrose transporters (OsSUT1/2/4/OsSweet14) genes were also induced in the shoots of oscslf6 mutants, suggesting that OsCSLF6 may play a role in affecting Pi accumulation by affecting the level of carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanying Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wang Z, Rahman ABMM, Wang G, Ludewig U, Shen J, Neumann G. Hormonal interactions during cluster-root development in phosphate-deficient white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 177:74-82. [PMID: 25668414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses hormonal interactions involved in cluster-root (CR) development of phosphate (Pi)-deficient white lupin (Lupinus albus), which represents the most efficient plant strategy for root-induced mobilisation of sparingly soluble soil phosphorus (P) sources. Shoot-to-root translocation of auxin was unaffected by P-limitation, while strong stimulatory effects of external sucrose on CR formation, even in P-sufficient plants, suggest sucrose, rather than auxins, acts as a shoot-borne signal, triggering the induction of CR primordia. Ethylene may act as mediator of the sucrose signal, as indicated by moderately increased expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis in pre-emergent clusters and by strong inhibitory effects of the ethylene antagonist CoCl2 on CR formation induced by sucrose amendments or P-limitation. As reported in other plants, moderately increased production of brassinosteroids (BRs) and cytokinin, in pre-emergent clusters, may be required for the formation of auxin gradients necessary for induction of CR primordia via interference with auxin biosynthesis and transport. The well-documented inhibition of root elongation by high doses of ethylene may be involved in the growth inhibition of lateral rootlets during CR maturation, indicated by a massive increased expression of gene involved in ethylene production, associated with a declined expression of transcripts with stimulatory effects (BR and auxin-related genes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Wang
- Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - A B M Moshiur Rahman
- Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Guoying Wang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Günter Neumann
- Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Neumann G. The Role of Ethylene in Plant Adaptations for Phosphate Acquisition in Soils - A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1224. [PMID: 26834759 PMCID: PMC4718997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although a role of ethylene in the regulation of senescence and plant stress responses in general has a long history, a possible involvement in the regulation of adaptive responses to nutrient deficiencies has been mainly investigated since the last two decades. In the case of plant responses to phosphate (Pi) starvation, ethylene was identified as a modulator of adaptive responses in root growth and morphology. The molecular base of these adaptations has been elucidated in supplementation studies with ethylene precursors and antagonists, as well as analysis of mutants and transgenic plants with modified ethylene biosynthesis and responsiveness, using mainly Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant. However, increasing evidence suggests that apart from root growth responses, ethylene may be involved in various additional plant adaptations to Pi limitation including Pi mobilization in the rhizosphere, Pi uptake and internal Pi recycling. The ethylene-mediated responses are frequently characterized by high genotypic variability and may partially share common pathways in different nutrient limitations.
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21
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Wang Z, Straub D, Yang H, Kania A, Shen J, Ludewig U, Neumann G. The regulatory network of cluster-root function and development in phosphate-deficient white lupin (Lupinus albus) identified by transcriptome sequencing. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 151:323-38. [PMID: 24635386 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lupinus albus serves as model plant for root-induced mobilization of sparingly soluble soil phosphates via the formation of cluster-roots (CRs) that mediate secretion of protons, citrate, phenolics and acid phosphatases (APases). This study employed next-generation sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind these complex adaptive responses at the transcriptome level. We compared different stages of CR development, including pre-emergent (PE), juvenile (JU) and the mature (MA) stages. The results confirmed that the primary metabolism underwent significant modifications during CR maturation, promoting the biosynthesis of organic acids, as had been deduced from physiological studies. Citrate catabolism was downregulated, associated with citrate accumulation in MA clusters. Upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway reflected the accumulation of phenolics. Specific transcript expression of ALMT and MATE transporter genes correlated with the exudation of citrate and flavonoids. The expression of transcripts related to nucleotide degradation and APases in MA clusters coincided with the re-mobilization and hydrolysis of organic phosphate resources. Most interestingly, hormone-related gene expression suggested a central role of ethylene during CR maturation. This was associated with the upregulation of the iron (Fe)-deficiency regulated network that mediates ethylene-induced expression of Fe-deficiency responses in other species. Finally, transcripts related to abscisic acid and jasmonic acid were upregulated in MA clusters, while auxin- and brassinosteroid-related genes and cytokinin receptors were most strongly expressed during CR initiation. Key regulations proposed by the RNA-seq data were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and some physiological analyses. A model for the gene network regulating CR development and function is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Wang
- Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
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22
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Cheng L, Tang X, Vance CP, White PJ, Zhang F, Shen J. Interactions between light intensity and phosphorus nutrition affect the phosphate-mining capacity of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2995-3003. [PMID: 24723402 PMCID: PMC4071820 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity affects photosynthetic carbon (C) fixation and the supply of carbon to roots. To evaluate interactions between carbon supply and phosphorus (P) supply, effects of light intensity on sucrose accumulation, root growth, cluster root formation, carboxylate exudation, and P uptake capacity were studied in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) grown hydroponically with either 200 µmol m(-2) s(-1) or 600 µmol m(-2) s(-1) light and a sufficient (50 µM P) or deficient (1 µM P) P supply. Plant biomass and root:shoot ratio increased with increasing light intensity, particularly when plants were supplied with sufficient P. Both low P supply and increasing light intensity increased the production of cluster roots and citrate exudation. Transcripts of a phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase gene (LaPEPC3) in cluster roots (which is related to the exudation of citrate), transcripts of a phosphate transporter gene (LaPT1), and P uptake all increased with increasing light intensity, under both P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. Across all four experimental treatments, increased cluster root formation and carboxylate exudation were associated with lower P concentration in the shoot and greater sucrose concentration in the roots. It is suggested that C in excess of shoot growth capabilities is translocated to the roots as sucrose, which serves as both a nutritional signal and a C-substrate for carboxylate exudation and cluster root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Cheng
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Carroll P Vance
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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23
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Lin WY, Huang TK, Leong SJ, Chiou TJ. Long-distance call from phosphate: systemic regulation of phosphate starvation responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:1817-27. [PMID: 24368506 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for plants but is normally fixed in soil, which limits plant growth and reproduction. In response to low availability of Pi, shoots and roots react differently but cooperatively to improve Pi acquisition from the rhizosphere and adjust Pi distribution and metabolism within plants. Shoot and root responses are coordinated by the trafficking of various kinds of systemic signals through the vasculature. Mutual communication between different tissues is necessary to integrate the environmental stimuli with the internal cues at the whole-plant level. Different approaches have been used to monitor or manipulate components in the vascular stream to reveal several candidates of systemic signals from roots or shoots, including photosynthates, phytohormones, microRNAs, and Pi. In addition, the downstream signalling pathways mediated by these signals have been discovered. The crosstalk among different signalling pathways has been revealed, showing the complexity of the Pi signalling network. In this review, we summarize the approaches used for studying systemic signalling and discuss recent progress and challenges in investigating the systemic signalling pathway that integrates Pi starvation responses to maintain Pi at physiological concentrations. Knowledge gained from this study may help improve the phosphorus use efficiency of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Fusconi A. Regulation of root morphogenesis in arbuscular mycorrhizae: what role do fungal exudates, phosphate, sugars and hormones play in lateral root formation? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 113:19-33. [PMID: 24227446 PMCID: PMC3864729 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMs) form a widespread root-fungus symbiosis that improves plant phosphate (Pi) acquisition and modifies the physiology and development of host plants. Increased branching is recognized as a general feature of AM roots, and has been interpreted as a means of increasing suitable sites for colonization. Fungal exudates, which are involved in the dialogue between AM fungi and their host during the pre-colonization phase, play a well-documented role in lateral root (LR) formation. In addition, the increased Pi content of AM plants, in relation to Pi-starved controls, as well as changes in the delivery of carbohydrates to the roots and modulation of phytohormone concentration, transport and sensitivity, are probably involved in increasing root system branching. SCOPE This review discusses the possible causes of increased branching in AM plants. The differential root responses to Pi, sugars and hormones of potential AM host species are also highlighted and discussed in comparison with those of the non-host Arabidopsis thaliana. CONCLUSIONS Fungal exudates are probably the main compounds regulating AM root morphogenesis during the first colonization steps, while a complex network of interactions governs root development in established AMs. Colonization and high Pi act synergistically to increase root branching, and sugar transport towards the arbusculated cells may contribute to LR formation. In addition, AM colonization and high Pi generally increase auxin and cytokinin and decrease ethylene and strigolactone levels. With the exception of cytokinins, which seem to regulate mainly the root:shoot biomass ratio, these hormones play a leading role in governing root morphogenesis, with strigolactones and ethylene blocking LR formation in the non-colonized, Pi-starved plants, and auxin inducing them in colonized plants, or in plants grown under high Pi conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fusconi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Wang X, Pearse SJ, Lambers H. Cluster-root formation and carboxylate release in three Lupinus species as dependent on phosphorus supply, internal phosphorus concentration and relative growth rate. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1449-59. [PMID: 24061491 PMCID: PMC3806539 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Some Lupinus species produce cluster roots in response to low plant phosphorus (P) status. The cause of variation in cluster-root formation among cluster-root-forming Lupinus species is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if cluster-root formation is, in part, dependent on different relative growth rates (RGRs) among Lupinus species when they show similar shoot P status. METHODS Three cluster-root-forming Lupinus species, L. albus, L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, were grown in washed river sand at 0, 7·5, 15 or 40 mg P kg(-1) dry sand. Plants were harvested at 34, 42 or 62 d after sowing, and fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems, cluster roots and non-cluster roots of different ages were measured. The percentage of cluster roots, tissue P concentrations, root exudates and plant RGR were determined. KEY RESULTS Phosphorus treatments had major effects on cluster-root allocation, with a significant but incomplete suppression in L. albus and L. pilosus when P supply exceeded 15 mg P kg(-1) sand. Complete suppression was found in L. atlanticus at the highest P supply; this species never invested more than 20 % of its root weight in cluster roots. For L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, cluster-root formation was decreased at high internal P concentration, irrespective of RGR. For L. albus, there was a trend in the same direction, but this was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Cluster-root formation in all three Lupinus species was suppressed at high leaf P concentration, irrespective of RGR. Variation in cluster-root formation among the three species cannot be explained by species-specific variation in RGR or leaf P concentration.
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Meng ZB, You XD, Suo D, Chen YL, Tang C, Yang JL, Zheng SJ. Root-derived auxin contributes to the phosphorus-deficiency-induced cluster-root formation in white lupin (Lupinus albus). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:481-9. [PMID: 23067249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Formation of cluster roots is a typical morphological response to phosphorus (P) deficiency in white lupin (Lupinus albus), but its physiological and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. We investigated the role of auxin in the initiation of cluster roots by distinguishing the sources of auxin, measuring the longitudinal distribution patterns of free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) along the root and the related gene expressions responsible for polar auxin transport (PAT) in different developmental stages of cluster roots. We found that removal of shoot apex or primary root apex and application of auxin-influx or -efflux transport inhibitors, 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, to the stem did not affect the number of cluster roots and the free-IAA concentration in the roots of P-deficient plants, but when these inhibitors were applied directly to the growth media, the cluster-root formation was greatly suppressed, suggesting the fundamental role of root-derived IAA in cluster-root formation. The concentration of free IAA in the roots was higher in P-deficient plants than in P-adequate ones, and the highest in the lateral-root apex and the lowest in the mature cluster roots. Meanwhile the expression patterns of LaAUX1, LaPIN1 and LaPIN3 transcripts related to PAT was consistent with concentrations of free IAA along the lateral root, indicating the contribution of IAA redistribution in the cluster-root development. We proposed that root-derived IAA plays a direct and important role in the P-deficiency-induced formation of cluster roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Bin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Niu YF, Chai RS, Jin GL, Wang H, Tang CX, Zhang YS. Responses of root architecture development to low phosphorus availability: a review. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:391-408. [PMID: 23267006 PMCID: PMC3698383 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development but it is often a limiting nutrient in soils. Hence, P acquisition from soil by plant roots is a subject of considerable interest in agriculture, ecology and plant root biology. Root architecture, with its shape and structured development, can be considered as an evolutionary response to scarcity of resources. SCOPE This review discusses the significance of root architecture development in response to low P availability and its beneficial effects on alleviation of P stress. It also focuses on recent progress in unravelling cellular, physiological and molecular mechanisms in root developmental adaptation to P starvation. The progress in a more detailed understanding of these mechanisms might be used for developing strategies that build upon the observed explorative behaviour of plant roots. CONCLUSIONS The role of root architecture in alleviation of P stress is well documented. However, this paper describes how plants adjust their root architecture to low-P conditions through inhibition of primary root growth, promotion of lateral root growth, enhancement of root hair development and cluster root formation, which all promote P acquisition by plants. The mechanisms for activating alterations in root architecture in response to P deprivation depend on changes in the localized P concentration, and transport of or sensitivity to growth regulators such as sugars, auxins, ethylene, cytokinins, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA). In the process, many genes are activated, which in turn trigger changes in molecular, physiological and cellular processes. As a result, root architecture is modified, allowing plants to adapt effectively to the low-P environment. This review provides a framework for understanding how P deficiency alters root architecture, with a focus on integrated physiological and molecular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fang Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ru Shan Chai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gu Lei Jin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cai Xian Tang
- Centre for AgriBioscience/Department of Agricultural Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Yong Song Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lambers H, Clements JC, Nelson MN. How a phosphorus-acquisition strategy based on carboxylate exudation powers the success and agronomic potential of lupines (Lupinus, Fabaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:263-88. [PMID: 23347972 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lupines (Lupinus species; Fabaceae) are an ancient crop with great potential to be developed further for high-protein feed and food, cover crops, and phytoremediation. Being legumes, they are capable of symbiotically fixing atmospheric nitrogen. However, Lupinus species appear to be nonmycorrhizal or weakly mycorrhizal at most; instead some produce cluster roots, which release vast amounts of phosphate-mobilizing carboxylates (inorganic anions). Other lupines produce cluster-like roots, which function in a similar manner, and some release large amounts of carboxylates without specialized roots. These traits associated with nutrient acquisition make lupines ideally suited for either impoverished soils or soils with large amounts of phosphorus that is poorly available for most plants, e.g., acidic or alkaline soils. Here we explore how common the nonmycorrhizal phosphorus-acquisition strategy based on exudation of carboxylates is in the genus Lupinus, concluding it is very likely more widespread than generally acknowledged. This trait may partly account for the role of lupines as pioneers or invasive species, but also makes them suitable crop plants while we reach "peak phosphorus".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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O’Rourke JA, Yang SS, Miller SS, Bucciarelli B, Liu J, Rydeen A, Bozsoki Z, Uhde-Stone C, Tu ZJ, Allan D, Gronwald JW, Vance CP. An RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of orthophosphate-deficient white lupin reveals novel insights into phosphorus acclimation in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:705-24. [PMID: 23197803 PMCID: PMC3561014 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.209254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus, in its orthophosphate form (P(i)), is one of the most limiting macronutrients in soils for plant growth and development. However, the whole-genome molecular mechanisms contributing to plant acclimation to P(i) deficiency remain largely unknown. White lupin (Lupinus albus) has evolved unique adaptations for growth in P(i)-deficient soils, including the development of cluster roots to increase root surface area. In this study, we utilized RNA-Seq technology to assess global gene expression in white lupin cluster roots, normal roots, and leaves in response to P(i) supply. We de novo assembled 277,224,180 Illumina reads from 12 complementary DNA libraries to build what is to our knowledge the first white lupin gene index (LAGI 1.0). This index contains 125,821 unique sequences with an average length of 1,155 bp. Of these sequences, 50,734 were transcriptionally active (reads per kilobase per million reads ≥ 3), representing approximately 7.8% of the white lupin genome, using the predicted genome size of Lupinus angustifolius as a reference. We identified a total of 2,128 sequences differentially expressed in response to P(i) deficiency with a 2-fold or greater change and P ≤ 0.05. Twelve sequences were consistently differentially expressed due to P(i) deficiency stress in three species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and white lupin, making them ideal candidates to monitor the P(i) status of plants. Additionally, classic physiological experiments were coupled with RNA-Seq data to examine the role of cytokinin and gibberellic acid in P(i) deficiency-induced cluster root development. This global gene expression analysis provides new insights into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the acclimation to P(i) deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. O’Rourke
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | - S. Samuel Yang
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | - Susan S. Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | - Bruna Bucciarelli
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | - Junqi Liu
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | - Ariel Rydeen
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | - Zoltan Bozsoki
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | - Claudia Uhde-Stone
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | | | - Deborah Allan
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | - John W. Gronwald
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
| | - Carroll P. Vance
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (J.A.O., S.S.Y., S.S.M., B.B., J.W.G., C.P.V.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (J.A.O., S.S.M., B.B., J.L., A.R., J.W.G., C.P.V.), Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research (Z.J.T.), and Department Soil Water and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.B.); and Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542 (C.U.-S.)
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Meng ZB, Chen LQ, Suo D, Li GX, Tang CX, Zheng SJ. Nitric oxide is the shared signalling molecule in phosphorus- and iron-deficiency-induced formation of cluster roots in white lupin (Lupinus albus). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:1055-64. [PMID: 22351487 PMCID: PMC3336943 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Formation of cluster roots is one of the most specific root adaptations to nutrient deficiency. In white lupin (Lupinus albus), cluster roots can be induced by phosphorus (P) or iron (Fe) deficiency. The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential shared signalling pathway in P- and Fe-deficiency-induced cluster root formation. METHODS Measurements were made of the internal concentration of nutrients, levels of nitric oxide (NO), citrate exudation and expression of some specific genes under four P × Fe combinations, namely (1) 50 µm P and 10 µm Fe (+P + Fe); (2) 0 P and 10 µm Fe (-P + Fe); (3) 50 µm P and 0 Fe (+P-Fe); and (4) 0 P and 0 Fe (-P-Fe), and these were examined in relation to the formation of cluster roots. KEY RESULTS The deficiency of P, Fe or both increased the cluster root number and cluster zones. It also enhanced NO accumulation in pericycle cells and rootlet primordia at various stages of cluster root development. The formation of cluster roots and rootlet primordia, together with the expression of LaSCR1 and LaSCR2 which is crucial in cluster root formation, were induced by the exogenous NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) under the +P + Fe condition, but were inhibited by the NO-specific endogenous scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl- 3-oxide (cPTIO) under -P + Fe, +P-Fe and -P-Fe conditions. However, cluster roots induced by an exogenous supply of the NO donor did not secrete citrate, unlike those formed under -P or -Fe conditions. CONCLUSIONS NO plays an important role in the shared signalling pathway of the P- and Fe-deficiency-induced formation of cluster roots in white lupin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Bin Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Qian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong Suo
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gui Xin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cai Xian Tang
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora (Melbourne), Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Cheng L, Bucciarelli B, Shen J, Allan D, Vance CP. Update on lupin cluster roots. Update on white lupin cluster root acclimation to phosphorus deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1025-32. [PMID: 21464472 PMCID: PMC3135949 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.175174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carroll P. Vance
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China (L.C., J.S.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (L.C., B.B., C.P.V.) and Department of Soil, Water, and Climate (D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (B.B., C.P.V.)
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Hammond JP, White PJ. Sugar signaling in root responses to low phosphorus availability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1033-40. [PMID: 21487049 PMCID: PMC3135921 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.175380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John P Hammond
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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Lei M, Liu Y, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Wang X, Zhou Y, Raghothama KG, Liu D. Genetic and genomic evidence that sucrose is a global regulator of plant responses to phosphate starvation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1116-30. [PMID: 21346170 PMCID: PMC3135933 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.171736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to phosphate (Pi) starvation by exhibiting a suite of developmental, biochemical, and physiological changes to cope with this nutritional stress. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying these responses, we isolated an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, hypersensitive to phosphate starvation1 (hps1), which has enhanced sensitivity in almost all aspects of plant responses to Pi starvation. Molecular and genetic analyses indicated that the mutant phenotype is caused by overexpression of the SUCROSE TRANSPORTER2 (SUC2) gene. As a consequence, hps1 has a high level of sucrose (Suc) in both its shoot and root tissues. Overexpression of SUC2 or its closely related family members SUC1 and SUC5 in wild-type plants recapitulates the phenotype of hps1. In contrast, the disruption of SUC2 functions greatly inhibits plant responses to Pi starvation. Microarray analysis further indicated that 73% of the genes that are induced by Pi starvation in wild-type plants can be induced by elevated levels of Suc in hps1 mutants, even when they are grown under Pi-sufficient conditions. These genes include several important Pi signaling components and those that are directly involved in Pi transport, mobilization, and distribution between shoot and root. Interestingly, Suc and low-Pi signals appear to interact with each other both synergistically and antagonistically in regulating gene expression. Our genetic and genomic studies provide compelling evidence that Suc is a global regulator of plant responses to Pi starvation. This finding will help to further elucidate the signaling mechanism that controls plant responses to this particular nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Liu
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (M.L., Y.L., D.L.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (B.Z., Y.Zho.), and State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (Y.Zha., X.W.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of 2Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (K.G.R.)
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Cheng L, Bucciarelli B, Liu J, Zinn K, Miller S, Patton-Vogt J, Allan D, Shen J, Vance CP. White lupin cluster root acclimation to phosphorus deficiency and root hair development involve unique glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1131-48. [PMID: 21464471 PMCID: PMC3135957 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.173724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
White lupin (Lupinus albus) is a legume that is very efficient in accessing unavailable phosphorus (Pi). It develops short, densely clustered tertiary lateral roots (cluster/proteoid roots) in response to Pi limitation. In this report, we characterize two glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GPX-PDE) genes (GPX-PDE1 and GPX-PDE2) from white lupin and propose a role for these two GPX-PDEs in root hair growth and development and in a Pi stress-induced phospholipid degradation pathway in cluster roots. Both GPX-PDE1 and GPX-PDE2 are highly expressed in Pi-deficient cluster roots, particularly in root hairs, epidermal cells, and vascular bundles. Expression of both genes is a function of both Pi availability and photosynthate. GPX-PDE1 Pi deficiency-induced expression is attenuated as photosynthate is deprived, while that of GPX-PDE2 is strikingly enhanced. Yeast complementation assays and in vitro enzyme assays revealed that GPX-PDE1 shows catalytic activity with glycerophosphocholine while GPX-PDE2 shows highest activity with glycerophosphoinositol. Cell-free protein extracts from Pi-deficient cluster roots display GPX-PDE enzyme activity for both glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoinositol. Knockdown of expression of GPX-PDE through RNA interference resulted in impaired root hair development and density. We propose that white lupin GPX-PDE1 and GPX-PDE2 are involved in the acclimation to Pi limitation by enhancing glycerophosphodiester degradation and mediating root hair development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carroll P. Vance
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China (L.C., J.S.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (L.C., B.B., J.L., S.M., C.P.V.) and Department of Soil, Water, and Climate (J.L., K.Z., D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (B.B., S.M., C.P.V.); Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282 (J.P.-V.)
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The remarkable diversity of plant PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase): recent insights into the physiological functions and post-translational controls of non-photosynthetic PEPCs. Biochem J 2011; 436:15-34. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PEPC [PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) carboxylase] is a tightly controlled enzyme located at the core of plant C-metabolism that catalyses the irreversible β-carboxylation of PEP to form oxaloacetate and Pi. The critical role of PEPC in assimilating atmospheric CO2 during C4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis has been studied extensively. PEPC also fulfils a broad spectrum of non-photosynthetic functions, particularly the anaplerotic replenishment of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates consumed during biosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. An impressive array of strategies has evolved to co-ordinate in vivo PEPC activity with cellular demands for C4–C6 carboxylic acids. To achieve its diverse roles and complex regulation, PEPC belongs to a small multigene family encoding several closely related PTPCs (plant-type PEPCs), along with a distantly related BTPC (bacterial-type PEPC). PTPC genes encode ~110-kDa polypeptides containing conserved serine-phosphorylation and lysine-mono-ubiquitination sites, and typically exist as homotetrameric Class-1 PEPCs. In contrast, BTPC genes encode larger ~117-kDa polypeptides owing to a unique intrinsically disordered domain that mediates BTPC's tight interaction with co-expressed PTPC subunits. This association results in the formation of unusual ~900-kDa Class-2 PEPC hetero-octameric complexes that are desensitized to allosteric effectors. BTPC is a catalytic and regulatory subunit of Class-2 PEPC that is subject to multi-site regulatory phosphorylation in vivo. The interaction between divergent PEPC polypeptides within Class-2 PEPCs adds another layer of complexity to the evolution, physiological functions and metabolic control of this essential CO2-fixing plant enzyme. The present review summarizes exciting developments concerning the functions, post-translational controls and subcellular location of plant PTPC and BTPC isoenzymes.
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Yao Y, Sun H, Xu F, Zhang X, Liu S. Comparative proteome analysis of metabolic changes by low phosphorus stress in two Brassica napus genotypes. PLANTA 2011; 233:523-37. [PMID: 21110039 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to determine the adaptation strategy to phosphorous (Pi) deficiency in oilseed rape, comparative proteome analyses were conducted to investigate the differences of metabolic changes in two oilseed rape genotypes with different tolerance to low phosphorus (LP). Generally in either roots or leaves, there existed few low phosphorus (LP)-induced proteins shared in the two lines. The LP-tolerant genotype 102 maintained higher Pi concentrations than LP-sensitive genotype 105 when growing hydroponically under the 5-μM phosphorus condition. In 102 we observed the downregulation of the proteins related to gene transcription, protein translation, carbon metabolism, and energy transfer in leaves and roots, and the downregulation of proteins related to leaf growth and root cellular organization. But the proteins related to the formation of lateral root were upregulated, such as the auxin-responsive family proteins in roots and the sucrose-phosphate synthase-like protein in roots and leaves. On the other hand, the LP-sensitive genotype 105 maintained the low level of Pi concentrations and suffered high oxidative pressure under the LP condition, and stress-shocking proteins were pronouncedly upregulated such as the proteins for signal transduction, gene transcription, secondary metabolism, universal stress family proteins, as well as the proteins involved in lipid oxygenation and the disease resistance in both leaves and roots. Although the leaf proteins for growth in 105 were downregulated, the protein expressions in roots related to glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were enhanced to satisfy the requirement of organic acid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Chiou TJ, Lin SI. Signaling network in sensing phosphate availability in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 62:185-206. [PMID: 21370979 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants acquire phosphorus in the form of phosphate (Pi), the concentration of which is often limited for plant uptake. Plants have developed diverse responses to conserve and remobilize internal Pi and to enhance Pi acquisition to secure them against Pi deficiency. These responses are achieved by the coordination of an elaborate signaling network comprising local and systemic machineries. Recent advances have revealed several important components involved in this network. Pi functions as a signal to report its own availability. miR399 and sugars act as systemic signals to regulate responses occurring in roots. Hormones also play crucial roles in modulating gene expression and in altering root system architecture. Transcription factors function as a hub to perceive the signals and to elicit steady outputs. In this review, we outline the current knowledge on this subject and present hypotheses pertaining to other potential signals and to the organization and coordination of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyy-Jen Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liu J, Vance CP. Crucial roles of sucrose and microRNA399 in systemic signaling of P deficiency: a tale of two team players? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:1556-60. [PMID: 21139425 PMCID: PMC3115102 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.12.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as important regulators in plant response to nutrient deficiencies. Of particular interest is the discovery that miR399 functions systemically in the maintenance of phosphate (Pi) homeostasis in response to external Pi fluctuation. Recent studies have further implicated both miR399 and sugars (mainly sucrose) as potential signal molecules in the shoot-to-root communication of phosphorus (P) status. Given that both miR399 and sucrose are transported via the phloem, their potential interaction (or cross-talk) along the signaling pathway is especially appealing for further exploration. In this mini-review, we highlight recent progress in unraveling crucial roles of both sucrose and miR399 in P-deficiency signaling. In particular, we further discuss recent findings that photosynthetic carbon (C) assimilation and subsequent partitioning, by overriding signaling of low external Pi, act as checkpoints upstream of miR399 for the onset of a systemic P-deficiency status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Liu
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Vance CP. Quantitative trait loci, epigenetics, sugars, and microRNAs: quaternaries in phosphate acquisition and use. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:582-8. [PMID: 20921189 PMCID: PMC2949005 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.161067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carroll P Vance
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Agronomy and Plant Genetics Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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Neumann G. Mining for nutrients - regulatory aspects of cluster root function and development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 187:879-882. [PMID: 20707850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Neumann
- Institute of Plant Nutrition (330), Universität Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (tel +49 711 459 24373; email )
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Abdolzadeh A, Wang X, Veneklaas EJ, Lambers H. Effects of phosphorus supply on growth, phosphate concentration and cluster-root formation in three Lupinus species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 105:365-74. [PMID: 20037142 PMCID: PMC2826247 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In some lupin species, phosphate deficiency induces cluster-root formation, which enhances P uptake by increasing root surface area and, more importantly, the release of root exudates which enhances P availability. METHODS Three species of Lupinus, L. albus, L. atlanticus and L. micranthus, with inherently different relative growth rates were cultivated under hydroponics in a greenhouse at four phosphate concentrations (1, 10, 50 and 150 microm) to compare the role of internal P in regulating cluster-root formation. KEY RESULTS The highest growth rate was observed in L. atlanticus, followed by L. albus and L. micranthus. At 1 microm P, cluster-root formation was markedly induced in all three species. The highest P uptake and accumulation was observed in L. micranthus, followed by L. atlanticus and then L. albus. Inhibition of cluster-root formation was severe at 10 microm P in L. atlanticus, but occurred stepwise with increasing P concentration in the root medium in L. albus. CONCLUSIONS In L. atlanticus and L. albus cluster-root formation was suppressed by P treatments above 10 microm, indicating a P-inducible regulating system for cluster-root formation, as expected. By contrast, production of cluster roots in L. micranthus, in spite of a high internal P concentration, indicated a lower sensitivity to P status, which allowed P-toxicity symptoms to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abdolzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golsatan University, PO Box 155, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran.
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