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Vaghar M, Eshghizadeh HR, Ehsanzadeh P. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration mitigates salt damages to safflower: Evidence from physiological and biochemical examinations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108242. [PMID: 38070243 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical responses of salt-stressed safflower to elevated CO2 remain inadequately known. This study investigated the interactive effects of high CO2 concentration (700 ± 50 vs. 400 ± 50 μmol mol-1) and salinity stress levels (0.4, 6, and 12 dS m-1, NaCl) on growth and physiological properties of four safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes, under open chamber conditions. Results showed that the effects of CO2 on biomass of shoot and grains depend on salt stress and plant genotype. Elevated CO2 conditions increased shoot dry weight under moderate salinity stress and decreased it under severe stress. The increased CO2 concentration also increased the safflower genotypes' relative water content and their K+/Na + concentrations. Also enriched CO2 increased total carotenoid levels in safflower genotypes and improved membrane stability index by reducing H2O2 levels. In addition, increased CO2 level led to an increase in seed oil content, under both saline and non-saline conditions. This effect was particularly pronounced under severe saline conditions. Under conditions of high CO2 and salinity, the Koseh genotype exhibited higher grain weight and seed oil content than other genotypes. This advantage is due to the higher relative water content, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and K+/Na+, as well as the lower Na+ and H2O2 concentrations. Results indicate that the high CO2 level mitigated the destructive effect of salinity on safflower growth by reducing Na + uptake and increasing the Fv/Fm, total soluble carbohydrates, and membrane stability index. This finding can be used in safflower breeding programs to develop cultivars that can thrive in arid regions with changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vaghar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - H R Eshghizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - P Ehsanzadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
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2
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Hulkko LSS, Chaturvedi T, Custódio L, Thomsen MH. Harnessing the Value of Tripolium pannonicum and Crithmum maritimum Halophyte Biomass through Integrated Green Biorefinery. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:380. [PMID: 37504911 PMCID: PMC10381832 DOI: 10.3390/md21070380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive extracts are often the target fractions in bioprospecting, and halophyte plants could provide a potential source of feedstock for high-value applications as a part of integrated biorefineries. Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. (sea aster) and Crithmum maritimum L. (sea fennel) are edible plants suggested for biosaline halophyte-based agriculture. After food production and harvesting of fresh leaves for food, the inedible plant fractions could be utilized to produce extracts rich in bioactive phytochemicals to maximize feedstock application and increase the economic feasibility of biomass processing to bioenergy. This study analyzed fresh juice and extracts from screw-pressed sea aster and sea fennel for their different phenolic compounds and pigment concentrations. Antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities were also tested in vitro. Extracts from sea aster and sea fennel had phenolic contents up to 45.2 mgGAE/gDM and 64.7 mgGAE/gDM, respectively, and exhibited >70% antioxidant activity in several assays. Ethanol extracts also showed >70% inhibition activity against acetylcholinesterase and >50% inhibition of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase. Therefore, these species can be seen as potential feedstocks for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanmay Chaturvedi
- AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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3
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Ludwiczak A, Ciarkowska A, Rajabi Dehnavi A, Cárdenas-Pérez S, Piernik A. Growth Stage-, Organ- and Time-Dependent Salt Tolerance of Halophyte Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020462. [PMID: 36836819 PMCID: PMC9962771 DOI: 10.3390/life13020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. is a member of the diverse group of halophytes with the potential for the desalination and reclamation of degraded land. The adaptive processes of T. pannonicum to salinity habitats are still not well recognized. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of NaCl (0, 200, 400, and 800 mM) on: (1) two plant growth stages, (2) the activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of H2O2 and the proline in roots, stems, and leaves, and (3) the effect of long- and short-term salt stress on physiological responses. Germination, pot experiments, and a biochemical analysis were performed. The effective T. pannonicum's seed germination was achieved in the control. We demonstrated that halophyte's organs do not simply tolerate high-salt conditions. The activities of APX, POD, and catalase observed at 400 mM and 800 mM NaCl were varied between organs and revealed the following pattern: root > leaves > stem. Proline was preferentially accumulated in leaves that were more salt-tolerant than other organs. Salt stress enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentrations of salinity stress indicators in a time-dependent manner. Our study has indicated that salt tolerance is a complex mechanism that depends on the growth phase, organs, and duration of salinity exposure. The results have potential for further proteomic and metabolomic analyses of adaptive salt tolerance processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ludwiczak
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Ciarkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Ahmad Rajabi Dehnavi
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Stefany Cárdenas-Pérez
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piernik
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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McDowell NG, Ball M, Bond‐Lamberty B, Kirwan ML, Krauss KW, Megonigal JP, Mencuccini M, Ward ND, Weintraub MN, Bailey V. Processes and mechanisms of coastal woody-plant mortality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5881-5900. [PMID: 35689431 PMCID: PMC9544010 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Observations of woody plant mortality in coastal ecosystems are globally widespread, but the overarching processes and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This knowledge deficiency, combined with rapidly changing water levels, storm surges, atmospheric CO2 , and vapor pressure deficit, creates large predictive uncertainty regarding how coastal ecosystems will respond to global change. Here, we synthesize the literature on the mechanisms that underlie coastal woody-plant mortality, with the goal of producing a testable hypothesis framework. The key emergent mechanisms underlying mortality include hypoxic, osmotic, and ionic-driven reductions in whole-plant hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis that ultimately drive the coupled processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation. The relative importance of these processes in driving mortality, their order of progression, and their degree of coupling depends on the characteristics of the anomalous water exposure, on topographic effects, and on taxa-specific variation in traits and trait acclimation. Greater inundation exposure could accelerate mortality globally; however, the interaction of changing inundation exposure with elevated CO2 , drought, and rising vapor pressure deficit could influence mortality likelihood. Models of coastal forests that incorporate the frequency and duration of inundation, the role of climatic drivers, and the processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation can yield improved estimates of inundation-induced woody-plant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate G. McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change DivisionPacific Northwest National LabRichlandWashingtonUSA
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Marilyn Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Ben Bond‐Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Matthew L. Kirwan
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & MaryGloucester PointVirginiaUSA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research CenterLafayetteLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23BarcelonaSpain
- CREAFCampus UAB, BellaterraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nicholas D. Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratorySequimWashingtonUSA
- School of OceanographyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Michael N. Weintraub
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUSA
| | - Vanessa Bailey
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUSA
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Abideen Z, Koyro HW, Hussain T, Rasheed A, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Hussain MI, Zulfiqar F, Mansoor S, Abbas Z. Biomass Production and Predicted Ethanol Yield Are Linked with Optimum Photosynthesis in Phragmites karka under Salinity and Drought Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1657. [PMID: 35807609 PMCID: PMC9268768 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant photosynthesis and biomass production are closely associated traits but critical to unfavorable environmental constraints such as salinity and drought. The relationships among stress tolerance, photosynthetic mechanisms, biomass and ethanol yield were assessed in Phragmites karka. The growth parameters, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of P. karka were studied when irrigated with the control and 100 and 300 mM NaCl in a nutrient solution and water deficit conditions (drought, at 50% water holding capacity). The plant shoot fresh biomass was increased in the low NaCl concentration; however, it significantly declined in high salinity and drought. Interestingly the addition of low salinity increased the shoot biomass and ethanol yield. The number of tillers was increased at 100 mM NaCl in comparison to the control treatment. High salinity increased the photosynthetic performance, but there were no significant changes in drought-treated plants. The saturated irradiance (Is) for photosynthesis increased significantly in low salinity, but it declined (about 50%) in high salt-stressed and (about 20%) in drought-treated plants compared to the control. The rates of dark respiration (Rd) and compensation irradiance (Ic) were decreased significantly under all treatments of salinity and drought, with the exception of unchanged Rd values in the control and drought treatments. A-Ci curve analyses revealed a significant improvement in the Jmax, Vc, max, and triose-phosphate utilization (TPU) at lower salinity levels but decreased at 300 mM NaCl and drought treatments compared to the control. In the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII, and Y(NO)), the non-photochemical yields were not affected under the salt and drought treatments, although an effective photochemical quantum yield (YII) and electron transport rate (ETR) were significantly enhanced in water deficit compared to control plants. P. karka regulates an efficient photosynthesis mechanism to grow in saline and arid areas and can therefore be used as a sustainable biofuel crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Mouhammed Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (T.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Hans Werner Koyro
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Dr. Mouhammed Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (T.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Aysha Rasheed
- Dr. Mouhammed Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (T.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Simeen Mansoor
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Zaheer Abbas
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
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Poorter H, Knopf O, Wright IJ, Temme AA, Hogewoning SW, Graf A, Cernusak LA, Pons TL. A meta-analysis of responses of C 3 plants to atmospheric CO 2 : dose-response curves for 85 traits ranging from the molecular to the whole-plant level. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1560-1596. [PMID: 34657301 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Generalised dose-response curves are essential to understand how plants acclimate to atmospheric CO2 . We carried out a meta-analysis of 630 experiments in which C3 plants were experimentally grown at different [CO2 ] under relatively benign conditions, and derived dose-response curves for 85 phenotypic traits. These curves were characterised by form, plasticity, consistency and reliability. Considered over a range of 200-1200 µmol mol-1 CO2 , some traits more than doubled (e.g. area-based photosynthesis; intrinsic water-use efficiency), whereas others more than halved (area-based transpiration). At current atmospheric [CO2 ], 64% of the total stimulation in biomass over the 200-1200 µmol mol-1 range has already been realised. We also mapped the trait responses of plants to [CO2 ] against those we have quantified before for light intensity. For most traits, CO2 and light responses were of similar direction. However, some traits (such as reproductive effort) only responded to light, others (such as plant height) only to [CO2 ], and some traits (such as area-based transpiration) responded in opposite directions. This synthesis provides a comprehensive picture of plant responses to [CO2 ] at different integration levels and offers the quantitative dose-response curves that can be used to improve global change simulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Oliver Knopf
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Andries A Temme
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Graf
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4879, Australia
| | - Thijs L Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3512 PN, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Extraction and Quantification of Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Vitamins from Halophyte Biomasses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants, and they have been utilised as healthy, nutritious vegetables and medicinal herbs. Various studies have shown halophytes to be rich in health-beneficial compounds with antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxic properties. Despite their potential, these plants are still underutilised in agriculture and industrial applications. This review includes the state-of-the-art literature concerning the contents of proanthocyanidins (also known as condensed tannins), total phenolic compounds, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and vitamins in various halophyte biomasses. Various extraction and analytical methods are also considered. The study shows that various species have exhibited potential for use not only as novel food products but also in the production of nutraceuticals and as ingredients for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Bomle DV, Kiran A, Kumar JK, Nagaraj LS, Pradeep CK, Ansari MA, Alghamdi S, Kabrah A, Assaggaf H, Dablool AS, Murali M, Amruthesh KN, Udayashankar AC, Niranjana SR. Plants Saline Environment in Perception with Rhizosphere Bacteria Containing 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111461. [PMID: 34768893 PMCID: PMC8584133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity stress has become a serious roadblock for food production worldwide since it is one of the key factors affecting agricultural productivity. Salinity and drought are predicted to cause considerable loss of crops. To deal with this difficult situation, a variety of strategies have been developed, including plant breeding, plant genetic engineering, and a wide range of agricultural practices, including the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and seed biopriming techniques, to improve the plants' defenses against salinity stress, resulting in higher crop yields to meet future human food demand. In the present review, we updated and discussed the negative effects of salinity stress on plant morphological parameters and physio-biochemical attributes via various mechanisms and the beneficial roles of PGPR with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate(ACC) deaminase activity as green bio-inoculants in reducing the impact of saline conditions. Furthermore, the applications of ACC deaminase-producing PGPR as a beneficial tool in seed biopriming techniques are updated and explored. This strategy shows promise in boosting quick seed germination, seedling vigor and plant growth uniformity. In addition, the contentious findings of the variation of antioxidants and osmolytes in ACC deaminase-producing PGPR treated plants are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Vijayrao Bomle
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Asha Kiran
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Jeevitha Kodihalli Kumar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Lavanya Senapathyhalli Nagaraj
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Chamanahalli Kyathegowda Pradeep
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.C.U.); (S.R.N.)
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Ahmed Kabrah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Anas S. Dablool
- Department of Public Health, Health Science College Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Arakere Chunchegowda Udayashankar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.C.U.); (S.R.N.)
| | - Siddapura Ramachandrappa Niranjana
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.C.U.); (S.R.N.)
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9
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Hameed A, Ahmed MZ, Hussain T, Aziz I, Ahmad N, Gul B, Nielsen BL. Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function. Cells 2021; 10:2023. [PMID: 34440792 PMCID: PMC8395010 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Irfan Aziz
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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10
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He J, You X, Qin L. High Salinity Reduces Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Performance but Enhances Certain Nutritional Quality of C 4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Hydroponically Under LED Lighting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651341. [PMID: 33828578 PMCID: PMC8019967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (known as purslane) is one of the most nutritious leafy vegetables owing to its high content of antioxidants. In this study, all plants were grown indoors hydroponically with different NaCl salinities. Photosynthetic photo flux density (PPFD) at 200 μmol m-2 s-1 (12 h) was provided to all plants by LED with red:blue ratio of 2.2. Thirty days after transplanting, plants grown with100 mM NaCl had the highest productivity and the fastest leaf growth followed by those with 0, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Grown with 300 mM NaCl, purslane had the lowest specific leaf area due to its highest leaf dry matter content and its lowest water content. All plants had similar values of leaf succulence except for those with 300 mM NaCl. Total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were significantly higher in plants grown with 0 and 100 mM NaCl than with 200, and 300 mM NaCl. All plants had Fv/Fm ratios close to 0.8. However, electron transport rate and ΔF/Fm' were significantly higher in plants grown with 0 and 100 mM NaCl than with 200 and 300 mM NaCl. CAM-induced purslane with 300 mM NaCl had higher non-photochemical quenching. Maximum net photosynthetic O2 evolution rate and Cyt b6f concentration were significantly lower with 300 mM NaCl compared to all other plants while all plants had similar PS II concentration. Proline concentration increased with increasing salinities. All plants had similar levels of total soluble sugars. Plants grown with 0 and 100 mM NaCl had significantly higher concentrations of NO3 -, total reduced nitrogen, total leaf soluble protein, Rubisco protein, total ascorbic acid, and total phenolic compounds than with 200 and 300 mM NaCl. The highest concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg were found in purslane grown under 0 mM NaCl. Statistically, no significant differences in Fe concentrations were observed among all plants. However, salinity seems to increase Fe concentration. In conclusion, it is feasible to grow purslane under 100 mM NaCl as it is the most optimal condition to achieve higher productivity and better quality. However, the production of antioxidants may depend on not only salinity but also other growth conditions.
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Duarte B, Matos AR, Caçador I. Photobiological and lipidic responses reveal the drought tolerance of Aster tripolium cultivated under severe and moderate drought: Perspectives for arid agriculture in the mediterranean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:304-315. [PMID: 32590292 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past Aster tripolium has already proved to be a good candidate for saline agriculture in soils with low water availability. Thus, the aim of the present work was to disentangle the photobiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the response of A. tripolium to PEG-induced drought stress, by exposing plants to PEG-induced moderate and severe drought conditions. Plant primary productivity was maintained under moderate drought conditions, due to the presence of alternative electron donors fueling the PSII. Additionally, the high anthocyanin production under drought conditions, act as photoprotective shields against photoinhibition. Moreover, the increased quinone turnover rate simultaneously with a net rate of RC closure and density increase, acted as a counteractive measure, allowing high energy fluxes into the photosystems under drought conditions. PSI showed an activity reduction, indicating that under drought conditions the ETC activity acts as an energetic escape route. Furthermore, membrane remodeling could also be observed under drought. The total fatty acid and omega-3 linolenic acid (18:3) contents were maintained, under osmotic stress. Membrane restructuring with lower amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:3) is considered an adaptation to osmotically stressful environments. Increased 18:1 and 16:1t fatty acids production improve the LHCs and chloroplast membrane stabilization, allowing the LHC to maintain its efficient functioning. The results here presented are very similar to the ones observed in the past regarding A. tripolium feedback to salinity stress, indicating that the mechanisms to overcome osmotic stress, either due to increased salinity or reduced water availability, are the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Jothiramshekar S, Benjamin JJ, Krishnasamy R, George S, Swaminathan R, Parida A. Identification of salt-responsive genes from C4 halophyte Suaeda nudiflora through suppression subtractive hybridization and expression analysis under individual and combined treatment of salt and elevated carbon dioxide conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:163-172. [PMID: 32158127 PMCID: PMC7036381 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of soil is a prime abiotic stress that limits agriculture productivity worldwide. To Study the mechanisms that halophytes take up to survive under high salt condition is important in engineering salinity stress tolerance in sensitive species. Suaeda nudiflora is a halophyte plant that grows in the saline environment and extreme high tidal belt. The species have high capability to produce high protein biomass in salty soils due to C4 photosynthesis. The physiological and biochemical changes in S. nudiflora under salinity stress were studied by measuring chlorophyll content, electrolytic leakage, level of lipid peroxidation and total soluble sugars. Increased lipid peroxidation and electrolytic leakage was observed in salt stressed S. nudiflora compared to control plants. A suppression subtractive hybridization strategy was employed to identify differentially expressed genes under salt treatment in S. nudiflora. A total of 333 positive clones were identified and screened. Of these, 250 expressed sequence tags were identified. cDNA subtraction library resulted in 33 contigs and 138 singletons. The functional annotation and metabolic pathways identification were performed using the Blast2GO program. In addition, we analyzed the expression patterns of 18 genes associated with salt stress-responsive pathways by semi-quantitative PCR under salt and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) conditions. Several of the analyzed genes showed an increase in expression levels under different time points of salt treatment and at different concentrations of salt. When the same genes were studied for its expression under elevated CO2 concentrations, most of the known salt responsive genes showed higher expression under the combined treatment of elevated CO2 concentrations (500 ppm) and NaCl treatment (200 mM) compare to ambient condition. This implies that salt responsive genes are enhanced at elevated CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rani Krishnasamy
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Suja George
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Ajay Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Furtado BU, Nagy I, Asp T, Tyburski J, Skorupa M, Gołębiewski M, Hulisz P, Hrynkiewicz K. Transcriptome profiling and environmental linkage to salinity across Salicornia europaea vegetation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:427. [PMID: 31619171 PMCID: PMC6794796 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicornia europaea, a succulent obligatory halophyte is the most salt-tolerant plant species in the world. It survives salt concentrations of more than 1 M. Therefore, it is a suitable model plant to identify genes involved in salt tolerance mechanisms that can be used for the improvement of crops. The changes in a plant's gene expression in response to abiotic stresses may depend on factors like soil conditions at the site, seasonality, etc. To date, experiments were performed to study the gene expression of S. europaea only under controlled conditions. Conversely, the present study investigates the transcriptome and physicochemical parameters of S. europaea shoots and roots from two different types of saline ecosystems growing under natural conditions. RESULTS The level of soil salinity was higher at the naturally saline site than at the anthropogenic saline site. The parameters such as ECe, Na+, Cl-, Ca+, SO42- and HCO3- of the soils and plant organs significantly varied according to sites and seasons. We found that Na+ mainly accumulated in shoots, whereas K+ and Ca2+ levels were higher in roots throughout the growing period. Moreover, changes in S. europaea gene expression were more prominent in seasons, than sites and plant organs. The 30 differentially expressed genes included enzymes for synthesis of S-adenosyl methionine, CP47 of light-harvesting complex II, photosystem I proteins, Hsp70 gene, ATP-dependent Clp proteases, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and ATP synthase. CONCLUSION The comparisons made based on two seasons, plant organs and two different sites suggest the importance of seasonal variations in gene expression of S. europaea. We identify the genes that may play an important role in acclimation to season-dependent changes of salinity. The genes were involved in processes such as osmotic adjustment, energy metabolism and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bliss Ursula Furtado
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Torben Asp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jarosław Tyburski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Hulisz
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Perri S, Katul GG, Molini A. Xylem-phloem hydraulic coupling explains multiple osmoregulatory responses to salt stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:644-662. [PMID: 31349369 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is known to affect plant productivity by limiting leaf-level carbon exchange, root water uptake, and carbohydrates transport in the phloem. However, the mechanisms through which plants respond to salt exposure by adjusting leaf gas exchange and xylem-phloem flow are still mostly unexplored. A physically based model coupling xylem, leaf, and phloem flows is here developed to explain different osmoregulation patterns across species. Hydraulic coupling is controlled by leaf water potential, ψl , and determined under four different maximization hypotheses: water uptake (1), carbon assimilation (2), sucrose transport (3), or (4) profit function - i.e. carbon gain minus hydraulic risk. All four hypotheses assume that finite transpiration occurs, providing a further constraint on ψl . With increasing salinity, the model captures different transpiration patterns observed in halophytes (nonmonotonic) and glycophytes (monotonically decreasing) by reproducing the species-specific strength of xylem-leaf-phloem coupling. Salt tolerance thus emerges as plant's capability of differentiating between salt- and drought-induced hydraulic risk, and to regulate internal flows and osmolytes accordingly. Results are shown to be consistent across optimization schemes (1-3) for both halophytes and glycophytes. In halophytes, however, profit-maximization (4) predicts systematically higher ψl than (1-3), pointing to the need of an updated definition of hydraulic cost for halophytes under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Perri
- Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gabriel G Katul
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Annalisa Molini
- Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Sreeharsha RV, Mudalkar S, Sengupta D, Unnikrishnan DK, Reddy AR. Mitigation of drought-induced oxidative damage by enhanced carbon assimilation and an efficient antioxidative metabolism under high CO 2 environment in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:425-439. [PMID: 30244353 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.), a promising legume food crop was assessed for its photosynthetic physiology, antioxidative system as well as C and N metabolism under elevated CO2 and combined drought stress (DS). Pigeonpea was grown in open top chambers under elevated CO2 (600 µmol mol-1) and ambient CO2 (390 ± 20 µmol mol-1) concentrations, later subjected to DS by complete water withholding. The DS plants were re-watered and recovered (R) to gain normal physiological growth and assessed the recoverable capacity in both elevated and ambient CO2 concentrations. The elevated CO2 grown pigeonpea showed greater gas exchange physiology, nodule mass and total dry biomass over ambient CO2 grown plants under well-watered (WW) and DS conditions albeit a decrease in leaf relative water content (LRWC). Glucose, fructose and sucrose levels were measured to understand the role of hexose to sucrose ratios (H:S) in mediating the drought responses. Free amino acid levels as indicative of N assimilation provided insights into C and N balance under DS and CO2 interactions. The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants showed significant upregulation in elevated CO2 grown plants under DS thereby protecting the plant from oxidative damage caused by the reactive oxygen species. Our results clearly demonstrated the protective role of elevated CO2 under DS at lower LRWC and gained comparative advantage of mitigating the DS-induced damage over ambient CO2 grown pigeonpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachapudi Venkata Sreeharsha
- Photosynthesis and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Shalini Mudalkar
- Photosynthesis and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Debashree Sengupta
- Photosynthesis and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Divya K Unnikrishnan
- Photosynthesis and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Attipalli Ramachandra Reddy
- Photosynthesis and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
- Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, 516003, India.
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Pérez-Romero JA, Duarte B, Barcia-Piedras JM, Matos AR, Redondo-Gómez S, Caçador I, Mateos-Naranjo E. Investigating the physiological mechanisms underlying Salicornia ramosissima response to atmospheric CO 2 enrichment under coexistence of prolonged soil flooding and saline excess. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:149-159. [PMID: 30551074 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A 45-days long climatic chamber experiment was design to evaluate the effect of 400 and 700 ppm atmospheric CO2 treatments with and without soil water logging in combination with 171 and 510 mM NaCl in the halophyte Salicornia ramosissima. In order to ascertain the possible synergetic impact of these factors associate to climatic change in this plant species physiological and growth responses. Our results indicated that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration improved plant physiological performance under suboptimal root-flooding and saline conditions plants. Thus, this positive impact was mainly ascribed to an enhancement of energy transport efficiency, as indicated the greater PG, N and Sm values, and the maintaining of carbon assimilation capacity due to the higher net photosynthetic rate (AN) and water use efficiency (iWUE). This could contribute to reduce the risk of oxidative stress owing to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, plants grown at 700 ppm had a greater capacity to cope with flooding and salinity synergistic impact by a greater efficiency in the modulation in enzyme antioxidant machinery and by the accumulation of osmoprotective compounds and saturated fatty acids in its tissues. These responses indicate that atmospheric CO2 enrichment would contribute to preserve the development of Salicornia ramosissima against the ongoing process of increment of soil stressful conditions linked with climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jose-Maria Barcia-Piedras
- Department of Ecological Production and Natural Resources Center IFAPA Las Torres-Tomejil Road Sevilla - Cazalla Km 12'2, 41200, Alcalá del Río, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Caçador
- Department of Ecological Production and Natural Resources Center IFAPA Las Torres-Tomejil Road Sevilla - Cazalla Km 12'2, 41200, Alcalá del Río, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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Christophe BG, Hermann P, Séraphin AZ, Agapit DW, Stanley L, David HM, Françoise AK, Armel CGM. Effects of salinity stress on growth in relation to gas exchanges parameters and water status in amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ijppb2018.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Pérez-Romero JA, Idaszkin YL, Barcia-Piedras JM, Duarte B, Redondo-Gómez S, Caçador I, Mateos-Naranjo E. Disentangling the effect of atmospheric CO 2 enrichment on the halophyte Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods physiological performance under optimal and suboptimal saline conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:617-629. [PMID: 29738990 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A mesocosm experiment was designed to assess the effect of atmospheric CO2 increment on the salinity tolerance of the C3 halophyte Salicornia ramosissima. Thus, the combined effect of 400 ppm and 700 ppm CO2 at 0, 171 and 510 mM NaCl on plants growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, pigments profiles, antioxidative enzyme activities and water relations was studied. Our results highlighted a positive effect of atmospheric CO2 increment on plant physiological performance under suboptimal salinity concentration (510 mM NaCl). Thus, we recorded higher net photosynthetic rate (AN) values under saline conditions and 700 ppm CO2, being this effect mainly mediated by a reduction of mesophyll (gm) and biochemical limitation imposed to salt excess. In addition, rising atmospheric CO2 led to a better plant water balance, linked with a reduction of stomatal conductante (gs) and an overall increment of osmotic potential (Ѱo) with NaCl concentration increment. In spite of these positive effects, there were no significant biomass variations between any treatments. Being this fact ascribed by the investment of the higher energy fixed for salinity stress defence mechanisms, which allowed plants to maintain more active the photochemical machinery even at high salinities, reducing the risk of ROS production, as indicated an improvement of the electron flux and a rise of the energy dissipation. Finally, the positive effect of the CO2 was also supported by the modulation of pigments profiles (mainly zeaxhantin and violaxhantin) concentrations and anti-oxidative stress enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Yanina Lorena Idaszkin
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET), Boulevard Brown, 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Boulevard Brown, 3051, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Jose-Maria Barcia-Piedras
- Department of Ecological Production and Natural Resources Center IFAPA Las Torres, Tomejil Road Sevilla, Cazalla Km 12'2, 41200, Alcalá del Río, Seville, Spain
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Munuera M, Piñero MC, López-Ortega G, Del Amor FM. Are commercial sweet cherry rootstocks adapted to climate change? Short-term waterlogging and CO 2 effects on sweet cherry cv. 'Burlat'. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:908-918. [PMID: 28107563 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High CO2 is able to ameliorate some negative effects due to climate change and intensify others. This study involves the sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cultivar 'Burlat' grafted on the 'Mariana 2624', 'Adara' and 'LC 52' rootstocks. In a climate chamber at two CO2 concentrations, ambient (400 µmol mol-1 ) and elevated (800 µmol mol-1 ), the plants were submitted to waterlogging for 7 d, followed by 7 d of recovery after drainage. Waterlogging drastically decreased the rate of photosynthesis, significantly endangering plant survival, particularly for the 'LC 52' and 'Adara' rootstocks. 'Mariana 2624' was also clearly affected by waterlogging that increased lipid peroxidation and the Cl- and SO42- concentrations in all the studied plants. Nevertheless, CO2 was able to overcome this reduction in photosynthesis, augmenting growth, increasing soluble sugars and starch, raising turgor and regulating the concentrations of Cl- and SO42- , while lowering the NO3- concentration in leaves of all the studied rootstocks. In concordance with these results, the proline levels indicated a more intense stress at control CO2 than at high CO2 for waterlogged plants. 'Mariana 2624' was more resistant to waterlogging than 'Adara', and both were more resistant than 'LC 52' in control CO2 conditions; this clearly enhanced the chance of survival under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Munuera
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Piñero
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregorio López-Ortega
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
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Zhu X, Cao Q, Sun L, Yang X, Yang W, Zhang H. Stomatal Conductance and Morphology of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Wheat Plants Response to Elevated CO 2 and NaCl Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1363. [PMID: 30283478 PMCID: PMC6156373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomata play a critical role in the regulation of gas exchange between the interior of the leaf and the exterior environment and are affected by environmental and endogenous stimuli. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, on the stomatal behavior of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants under combination with elevated CO2 and NaCl stress. Wheat seedlings were exposed to ambient (400 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) CO2 concentrations and 0, 1, and 2 g kg-1 dry soil NaCl treatments for 10 weeks. AM symbiosis increased the leaf area and stomatal density (SD) of the abaxial surface. Stomatal size and the aperture of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were higher in the AM than non-AM plants under elevated CO2 and salinity stress. AM plants showed higher stomatal conductance (g s ) and maximum rate of g s to water vapor (g smax ) compared with non-AM plants. Moreover, leaf water potential (Ψ) was increased and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) was decreased by AM colonization, and both were significantly associated with stomatal conductance. The results suggest that AM symbiosis alters stomatal morphology by changing SD and the size of the guard cells and stomatal pores, thereby improving the stomatal conductance and water relations of wheat leaves under combined elevated CO2 and salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancan Zhu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiancan Zhu
| | - Qingjun Cao
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Luying Sun
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Elevated CO2 leads to carbon sequestration by modulating C4 photosynthesis pathway enzyme (PPDK) in Suaeda monoica and S. fruticosa. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:310-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Pérez-Romero JA, Idaszkin YL, Duarte B, Baeta A, Marques JC, Redondo-Gómez S, Caçador I, Mateos-Naranjo E. Atmospheric CO 2 enrichment effect on the Cu-tolerance of the C 4 cordgrass Spartina densiflora. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:155-166. [PMID: 29179083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A glasshouse experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the co-occurrence of 400 and 700ppm CO2 at 0, 15 and 45mM Cu on the Cu-tolerance of C4 cordgrass species Spartina densiflora, by measuring growth, gas exchange, efficiency of PSII, pigments profiles, antioxidative enzyme activities and nutritional balance. Our results revealed that the rising atmospheric CO2 mitigated growth reduction imposed by Cu in plants grown at 45mM Cu, leading to leaf Cu concentration bellow than 270mgKg-1 Cu, caused by an evident dilution effect. On the other hand, non-CO2 enrichment plants showed leaf Cu concentration values up to 737.5mgKg-1 Cu. Furthermore, improved growth was associated with higher net photosynthetic rate (AN). The beneficial effect of rising CO2 on photosynthetic apparatus seems to be associated with a reduction of stomatal limitation imposed by Cu excess, which allowed these plants to maintain greater iWUE values. Also, plants grown at 45mM Cu and 700ppm CO2, showed higher ETR values and lower energy dissipation, which could be linked with an induction of Rubisco carboxylation and supported by the recorded amelioration of N imbalance. Furthermore, higher ETR values under CO2 enrichment could lead to an additional consumption of reducing equivalents. Idea that was reflected in the lower values of ETRmax/AN ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx), guaiacol peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities under Cu excess, which could indicate a lower production of ROS species under elevated CO2 concentration, due to a better use of absorbed energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yanina Lorena Idaszkin
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Boulevard Brown 3051, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Baeta
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, c/o DCV, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Marques
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, c/o DCV, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain.
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Munuera M, Piñero Zapata MC, López-Ortega G, Del Amor FM. Two minuses can make a plus: waterlogging and elevated CO 2 interactions in sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cultivars. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:257-272. [PMID: 28568609 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the ambient concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases is producing climate events that can compromise crop survival. However, high CO2 concentrations are sometimes able to mitigate certain stresses such as salinity or drought. In this experiment, the effects of waterlogging and CO2 are studied in combination to elucidate the eventual response in sweet cherry trees. For this purpose, four sweet cherry cultivars ('Burlat', 'Cashmere', 'Lapins and 'New Star') were grafted on a typically hypoxia-tolerant rootstock (Mariana 2624) and submitted to waterlogging for 7 days at either ambient CO2 concentration (400 µmol mol-1 ) or at elevated CO2 (800 µmol mol-1 ). Waterlogging affected plants drastically, by decreasing photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth. It also brought about the accumulation of proline, chloride and sulfate. Nonetheless, raising the CO2 supply not only mitigated all these effects but also induced the accumulation of soluble sugars and starch in the leaf. Therefore, sweet cherry plants submitted to waterlogging were able to overcome this stress when grown in a CO2 -enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Munuera
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Piñero Zapata
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Gregorio López-Ortega
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Munuera M, Piñero MC, López-Ortega G, Del Amor FM. CO 2 effects on the waterlogging response of 'Gisela 5' and 'Gisela 6' (Prunus cerasusxPrunus canescens) sweet cherry (Prunus avium) rootstocks. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 213:178-187. [PMID: 28407490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is submitting countries of the Mediterranean arc to periods of drought alternating with heavy rain and waterlogging. Eventual floods along with the rising CO2 in the atmosphere present an unpredictable scenario that affects crop survival. The effect of both stresses combined has been studied in sweet cherry plants. 'Gisela 5' and 'Gisela 6' were evaluated as rootstocks of the sweet cherry cultivar 'Burlat'. Plants were placed in a controlled-climate chamber for 7days, then they were submitted to waterlogging for another 7days and the response to this stress and the subsequent recovery were studied (7 more days). The experiment was carried out at 400μmolmol-1 CO2 (ambient CO2) and 800μmolmol-1 CO2, at 26°C, and plant water status and growth, net CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, anions content, proline, lipid peroxidation, soluble sugars, and starch were measured. Differences in the response and in its intensity were detected in both rootstocks. Some parameters - such as photosynthesis, soluble sugars, starch, TBARS, and NO3- - varied depending on the CO2 conditions and the waterlogging effect. Elevated CO2 was able to increase photosynthesis and thereby help plants to overcome waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Hernández-Munuera
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Piñero
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregorio López-Ortega
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
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25
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Li Y, Duan B, Chen J, Korpelainen H, Niinemets Ü, Li C. Males exhibit competitive advantages over females of Populus deltoides under salinity stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1573-1584. [PMID: 27587482 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexual competition among dioecious plants affects sex ratios and the spatial distribution of the sexes in different environments. At present, little is known about sexual dimorphisms induced by different competition patterns under salinity stress. We employed Populus deltoides as a model to investigate sex-related growth as well as physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress under conditions of intrasexual and intersexual competition. Potted seedlings (two seedlings per pot; two females, two males, or one female and one male) were exposed to two salt levels (0 and 50 mM NaCl) and salinity- and competition-driven differences in growth, assimilation rate, water use, contents of leaf pigments and osmotica, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and antioxidant enzyme and nitrate reductase activity were examined. In the absence of salinity, no significant differences in competitive ability between males and females subjected to intrasexual competition were observed, although the growth of females was moderately greater under intersexual competition. The salinity treatment significantly increased the sex differences in competitive ability, especially under intersexual competition. Under salinity stress, males showed decreased height, but displayed greater capacity for osmotic adjustment, enhancement of long-term water-use efficiency and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. The absolute values of these traits were greater in salt-stressed males than in females under intersexual competition. In addition, salt-stressed males accumulated less Cl- and had lower H2O2 contents than females. These data collectively demonstrate that the competitive advantage of females in non-stressed conditions is lost under salinity. Greater salinity resistance of males growing intermixed with females under salt stress can importantly affect the sex ratio of P. deltoides populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baoli Duan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chunyang Li
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China
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Zaghdoud C, Carvajal M, Ferchichi A, Del Carmen Martínez-Ballesta M. Water balance and N-metabolism in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) plants depending on nitrogen source under salt stress and elevated CO2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:763-71. [PMID: 27450252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Elevated [CO2] and salinity in the soils are considered part of the effects of future environmental conditions in arid and semi-arid areas. While it is known that soil salinization decreases plant growth, an increased atmospheric [CO2] may ameliorate the negative effects of salt stress. However, there is a lack of information about the form in which inorganic nitrogen source may influence plant performance under both conditions. Single factor responses and the interactive effects of two [CO2] (380 and 800ppm), three different NO3(-)/NH4(+) ratios in the nutrient solution (100/0, 50/50 and 0/100, with a total N concentration of 3.5mM) and two NaCl concentrations (0 and 80mM) on growth, leaf gas exchange parameters in relation to root hydraulic conductance and N-assimilating enzymes of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) plants were determined. The results showed that a reduced NO3(-) or co-provision of NO3(-) and NH4(+) could be an optimal source of inorganic N for broccoli plants. In addition, elevated [CO2] ameliorated the effect of salt exposure on the plant growth through an enhanced rate of photosynthesis, even at low N-concentration. However, NO3(-) or NO3(-)/NH4(+) co-provision display differential plant response to salt stress regarding water balance, which was associated to N metabolism. The results may contribute to our understanding of N-fertilization modes under increasing atmospheric [CO2] to cope with salt stress, where variations in N nutrition significantly influenced plant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Zaghdoud
- Laboratoire Aridoculture et Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Route de Djerba Km 22.5, Médenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, Edificio 25, E-Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Ali Ferchichi
- Laboratoire Aridoculture et Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Route de Djerba Km 22.5, Médenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - María Del Carmen Martínez-Ballesta
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, Edificio 25, E-Murcia, 30100, Spain.
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27
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Han J, Wang H, Zhou Y, Zhou C. Sodium uptake of Iris wilsonii and its photosynthetic responses to high-salinity stress in microcosm submerged beds. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2185-2191. [PMID: 27842038 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the performance of Iris wilsonii in high-salinity wastewater, seven microcosm submerged beds were built with rectangular plastic tanks and packed with marble chips and sand. Each submerged bed was transplanted with six stems of I. wilsonii. The submerged beds were operated in a 7-d batch mode in a greenhouse with artificial wastewater for three 42-d periods. Influent to the seven submerged beds had different contents of NaCl, 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% (by weight). The results suggested that lower salinity contents (1-2%) in influent or during short stress time (0-14d) did not inhibit net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of I. wilsonii, and the chlorophyll of I. wilsonii was not damaged. When initial NaCl contents were at 4% and above, however, all photosynthetic parameters were significantly decreased. It was concluded that I. wilsonii could take up Na+ in wastewater, but higher salinity (4-10%) in wastewater would inhibit the growth of I. wilsonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Han
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China E-mail:
| | - Haiyan Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yumei Zhou
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China E-mail:
| | - Chunliang Zhou
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China E-mail:
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28
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Piñero MC, Pérez-Jiménez M, López-Marín J, Del Amor FM. Changes in the salinity tolerance of sweet pepper plants as affected by nitrogen form and high CO2 concentration. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 200:18-27. [PMID: 27317970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The assimilation and availability of nitrogen in its different forms can significantly affect the response of primary productivity under the current atmospheric alteration and soil degradation. An elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) triggers changes in the efficiency and efficacy of photosynthetic processes, water use and product yield, the plant response to stress being altered with respect to ambient CO2 conditions (a[CO2]). Additionally, NH4(+) has been related to improved plant responses to stress, considering both energy efficiency in N-assimilation and the overcoming of the inhibition of photorespiration at e[CO2]. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the response of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) receiving an additional supply of NH4(+) (90/10 NO3(-)/NH4(+)) to salinity stress (60mM NaCl) under a[CO2] (400μmolmol(-1)) or e[CO2] (800μmolmol(-1)). Salt-stressed plants grown at e[CO2] showed DW accumulation similar to that of the non-stressed plants at a[CO2]. The supply of NH4(+) reduced growth at e[CO2] when salinity was imposed. Moreover, NH4(+) differentially affected the stomatal conductance and water use efficiency and the leaf Cl(-), K(+), and Na(+) concentrations, but the extent of the effects was influenced by the [CO2]. An antioxidant-related response was prompted by salinity, the total phenolics and proline concentrations being reduced by NH4(+) at e[CO2]. Our results show that the effect of NH4(+) on plant salinity tolerance should be globally re-evaluated as e[CO2] can significantly alter the response, when compared with previous studies at a[CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Piñero
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura. Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura. Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa López-Marín
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura. Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura. Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
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29
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De Souza AP, Cocuron JC, Garcia AC, Alonso AP, Buckeridge MS. Changes in Whole-Plant Metabolism during the Grain-Filling Stage in Sorghum Grown under Elevated CO2 and Drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:1755-65. [PMID: 26336093 PMCID: PMC4634081 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Projections indicate an elevation of the atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) concomitant with an intensification of drought for this century, increasing the challenges to food security. On the one hand, drought is a main environmental factor responsible for decreasing crop productivity and grain quality, especially when occurring during the grain-filling stage. On the other hand, elevated [CO2] is predicted to mitigate some of the negative effects of drought. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a C4 grass that has important economical and nutritional values in many parts of the world. Although the impact of elevated [CO2] and drought in photosynthesis and growth has been well documented for sorghum, the effects of the combination of these two environmental factors on plant metabolism have yet to be determined. To address this question, sorghum plants (cv BRS 330) were grown and monitored at ambient (400 µmol mol(-1)) or elevated (800 µmol mol(-1)) [CO2] for 120 d and subjected to drought during the grain-filling stage. Leaf photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance were measured at 90 and 120 d after planting, and plant organs (leaves, culm, roots, prop roots, and grains) were harvested. Finally, biochemical composition and intracellular metabolites were assessed for each organ. As expected, elevated [CO2] reduced the stomatal conductance, which preserved soil moisture and plant fitness under drought. Interestingly, the whole-plant metabolism was adjusted and protein content in grains was improved by 60% in sorghum grown under elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P De Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, Brazil (A.P.D.S., A.C.G., M.S.B.); andDepartment of Molecular Genetics (J.-C.C., A.P.A.) and Center for Applied Plant Sciences (J.-C.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jean-Christophe Cocuron
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, Brazil (A.P.D.S., A.C.G., M.S.B.); andDepartment of Molecular Genetics (J.-C.C., A.P.A.) and Center for Applied Plant Sciences (J.-C.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ana Carolina Garcia
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, Brazil (A.P.D.S., A.C.G., M.S.B.); andDepartment of Molecular Genetics (J.-C.C., A.P.A.) and Center for Applied Plant Sciences (J.-C.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ana Paula Alonso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, Brazil (A.P.D.S., A.C.G., M.S.B.); andDepartment of Molecular Genetics (J.-C.C., A.P.A.) and Center for Applied Plant Sciences (J.-C.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, Brazil (A.P.D.S., A.C.G., M.S.B.); andDepartment of Molecular Genetics (J.-C.C., A.P.A.) and Center for Applied Plant Sciences (J.-C.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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30
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Li Q, Yin M, Li Y, Fan C, Yang Q, Wu J, Zhang C, Wang H, Zhou Y. Expression of Brassica napus TTG2, a regulator of trichome development, increases plant sensitivity to salt stress by suppressing the expression of auxin biosynthesis genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5821-36. [PMID: 26071533 PMCID: PMC4566978 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are plant specific and play important roles in regulating diverse biological processes. To identify TFs with broad-spectrum effects on various stress responses in Brassica napus, an important oil crop grown across diverse ecological regions worldwide, we functionally characterized Bna.TTG2 genes, which are homologous to the Arabidopsis AtTTG2 (WRKY44) gene. Four Bna.TTG2 genes were capable of rescuing the trichome phenotypes of Arabidopsis ttg2 mutants. Overexpressing one Bna.TTG2 family member, BnaA.TTG2.a.1, remarkably increased trichome numbers in Arabidopsis and B. napus plants. Interestingly, the BnaA.TTG2.a.1-overexpressing plants of both species exhibited increased sensitivity to salt stress. In BnaA.TTG2.a.1-overexpressing Arabidopsis under salt stress, the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content was reduced, and the expression of two auxin biosynthesis genes, TRYPTOPHAN BIOSYNTHESIS 5 (TRP5) and YUCCA2 (YUC2), was downregulated. The results from yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that BnaA.TTG2.a.1 is able to bind to the promoters of TRP5 and YUC2. These data indicated that BnaA.TTG2.a.1 confers salt sensitivity to overexpressing plants by suppressing the expression of IAA synthesis genes and thus lowering IAA levels. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants with an N-terminus-deleted BnaA.TTG2.a.1 no longer showed hypersensitivity to salt stress, suggesting that the N terminus of BnaA.TTG2.a.1 plays a critical role in salt stress responses. Therefore, in addition to its classical function in trichome development, our study reveals a novel role for Bna.TTG2 genes in salt stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingyong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Reef R, Winter K, Morales J, Adame MF, Reef DL, Lovelock CE. The effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations on the performance of the mangrove Avicennia germinans over a range of salinities. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 154:358-68. [PMID: 25263409 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
By increasing water use efficiency and carbon assimilation, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations could potentially improve plant productivity and growth at high salinities. To assess the effect of elevated CO2 on the salinity response of a woody halophyte, we grew seedlings of the mangrove Avicennia germinans under a combination of five salinity treatments [from 5 to 65 parts per thousand (ppt)] and three CO2 concentrations (280, 400 and 800 ppm). We measured survivorship, growth rate, photosynthetic gas exchange, root architecture and foliar nutrient and ion concentrations. The salinity optima for growth shifted higher with increasing concentrations of CO2 , from 0 ppt at 280 ppm to 35 ppt at 800 ppm. At optimal salinity conditions, carbon assimilation rates were significantly higher under elevated CO2 concentrations. However, at salinities above the salinity optima, salinity had an expected negative effect on mangrove growth and carbon assimilation, which was not alleviated by elevated CO2 , despite a significant improvement in photosynthetic water use efficiency. This is likely due to non-stomatal limitations to growth at high salinities, as indicated by our measurements of foliar ion concentrations that show a displacement of K(+) by Na(+) at elevated salinities that is not affected by CO2 . The observed shift in the optimal salinity for growth with increasing CO2 concentrations changes the fundamental niche of this species and could have significant effects on future mangrove distribution patterns and interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Reef
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | - Jorge Morales
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Dana L Reef
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
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Razzaghi F, Jacobsen SE, Jensen CR, Andersen MN. Ionic and photosynthetic homeostasis in quinoa challenged by salinity and drought - mechanisms of tolerance. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:136-148. [PMID: 32480660 DOI: 10.1071/fp14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grown under field conditions was exposed to five irrigation water salinities (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40dSm-1; 4:1 NaCl:CaCl2 molar ratio) from flowering, and divided between full irrigation and progressive drought (PD) during seed filling. Quinoa demonstrated homeostatic mechanisms which contributed to quinoa's extraordinary tolerance. Salinity increased K+ and Na+ uptake by 60 and 100kgha-1, respectively, resulting in maintenance of cell turgor by osmotic adjustment, and a 50% increase of the leaf's fresh weight (FW):dry weight (DW) ratio and non-significant increase in elasticity enhanced crop water-capacitance. Day respiration (Rd) increased 2.7 times at high salinity but decreased 0.6 times during drought compared with control. Mesophyll conductance (gm) tended to be negatively affected by salinity as the increased succulence (FW:DW) possibly decreased intercellular space and increased cell-wall thickness. However, the increased K+ uptake seemed to alleviate biochemical limitations, as maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and photosynthetic electron transport (J) tended to increase under salinity. Overall, salinity and PD restricted stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (An) moderately, leading to decreased leaf internal to ambient [CO2], increase of intrinsic-water-use-efficiency (An/gs). The saturated electrical conductivity (ECe) resulting in 50% yield was estimated to be 25dSm-1, reaching no yield at 51.5dSm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Razzaghi
- Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
| | - Sven-Erik Jacobsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkeggaard Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Christian Richardt Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkeggaard Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Mathias Neumann Andersen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Ventura Y, Eshel A, Pasternak D, Sagi M. The development of halophyte-based agriculture: past and present. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:529-40. [PMID: 25122652 PMCID: PMC4332600 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freshwater comprises about a mere 2·5% of total global water, of which approximately two-thirds is locked into glaciers at the polar ice caps and on mountains. In conjunction with this, in many instances irrigation with freshwater causes an increase in soil salinity due to overirrigation of agricultural land, inefficient water use and poor drainage of unsuitable soils. The problem of salinity was recognized a long time ago and, due to the importance of irrigated agriculture, numerous efforts have been devoted towards improving crop species for better utilization of saline soils and water. Irrigating plants with saline water is a challenge for practitioners and researchers throughout the world. SCOPE Recruiting wild halophytes with economic potential was suggested several decades ago as a way to reduce the damage caused by salinization of soil and water. A range of cultivation systems for the utilization of halophytes have been developed, for the production of biofuel, purification of saline effluent in constructed wetlands, landscaping, cultivation of gourmet vegetables, and more. This review critically analyses past and present halophyte-based production systems in the context of genetics, physiology, agrotechnical issues and product value. There are still difficulties that need to be overcome, such as direct germination in saline conditions or genotype selection. However, more and more research is being directed not only towards determining salt tolerance of halophytes, but also to the improvement of agricultural traits for long-term progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ventura
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amram Eshel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dov Pasternak
- Drylands Agriculture, 16 Harav Goren St., Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Zinta G, AbdElgawad H, Domagalska MA, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Nijs I, Janssens IA, Beemster GTS, Asard H. Physiological, biochemical, and genome-wide transcriptional analysis reveals that elevated CO2 mitigates the impact of combined heat wave and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana at multiple organizational levels. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:3670-85. [PMID: 24802996 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes increasingly threaten plant growth and productivity. Such changes are complex and involve multiple environmental factors, including rising CO2 levels and climate extreme events. As the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying plant responses to realistic future climate extreme conditions are still poorly understood, a multiple organizational level analysis (i.e. eco-physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional) was performed, using Arabidopsis exposed to incremental heat wave and water deficit under ambient and elevated CO2 . The climate extreme resulted in biomass reduction, photosynthesis inhibition, and considerable increases in stress parameters. Photosynthesis was a major target as demonstrated at the physiological and transcriptional levels. In contrast, the climate extreme treatment induced a protective effect on oxidative membrane damage, most likely as a result of strongly increased lipophilic antioxidants and membrane-protecting enzymes. Elevated CO2 significantly mitigated the negative impact of a combined heat and drought, as apparent in biomass reduction, photosynthesis inhibition, chlorophyll fluorescence decline, H2 O2 production, and protein oxidation. Analysis of enzymatic and molecular antioxidants revealed that the stress-mitigating CO2 effect operates through up-regulation of antioxidant defense metabolism, as well as by reduced photorespiration resulting in lowered oxidative pressure. Therefore, exposure to future climate extreme episodes will negatively impact plant growth and production, but elevated CO2 is likely to mitigate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Zinta
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium
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Duarte B, Santos D, Silva H, Marques JC, Caçador I, Sleimi N. Light-dark O2 dynamics in submerged leaves of C3 and C4 halophytes under increased dissolved CO2: clues for saltmarsh response to climate change. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu067. [PMID: 25381259 PMCID: PMC4260444 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging and submergence are the major constraints to which wetland plants are subjected, with inevitable impacts on their physiology and productivity. Global warming and climate change, as driving forces of sea level rise, tend to increase such submersion periods and also modify the carbonate chemistry of the water column due to the increased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. In the present work, the underwater O2 fluxes in the leaves of two abundant Mediterranean halophytes were evaluated at different levels of dissolved CO2. Photosynthetic enhancement due to increased dissolved CO2 was confirmed for both Halimione portulacoides and Spartina maritima, probably due to high tissue porosity, formation of leaf gas films and reduction of the oxygenase activity of Rubisco. Enhancement of the photosynthetic rates in H. portulacoides and S. maritima was concomitant with an increase in energy trapping and transfer, mostly due to enhancement of the carboxylation reaction of Rubisco, leading to a reduction of the energy costs for carbon fixation. Transposing these findings to the ecosystem, and assuming increased dissolved CO2 concentration scenarios, the halophyte community displays a new ecosystem function, increasing the water column oxygenation and thus reinforcing their role as principal primary producers of the estuarine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Duarte
- Centre of Oceanography of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (CO), Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D Santos
- Centre of Oceanography of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (CO), Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - H Silva
- Biology Department & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J C Marques
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal c/o Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Institute of Marine Research-Marine and Environment Research Centre (IMAR-CMA), University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Caçador
- Centre of Oceanography of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (CO), Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N Sleimi
- UR: MaNE, Faculté des sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisie
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Eller F, Lambertini C, Nielsen MW, Radutoiu S, Brix H. Expression of major photosynthetic and salt-resistance genes in invasive reed lineages grown under elevated CO2 and temperature. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4161-72. [PMID: 25505541 PMCID: PMC4242567 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to investigate the molecular causes of the variation in ecologically important traits to fully understand phenotypic responses to climate change. In the Mississippi River Delta, two distinct, sympatric invasive lineages of common reed (Phragmites australis) are known to differ in several ecophysiological characteristics and are expected to become more salt resistant due to increasing atmospheric CO2 and temperature. We investigated whether different patterns of gene expression can explain their ecophysiological differences and increased vigor under future climatic conditions. We compared the transcript abundance of photosynthetic genes of the Calvin cycle (Rubisco small subunit, RbcS; Phosphoglycerate kinase, PGK; Phosphoribulokinase, PRK), genes related with salt transport (Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, PhaNHA) and oxidative stress response genes (Manganese Superoxide dismutase, MnSOD; Glutathione peroxidase, GPX), and the total aboveground biomass production between two genotypes representing the two lineages. The two genotypes (Delta-type, Mediterranean lineage, and EU-type, Eurasian lineage) were grown under an ambient and a future climate scenario with simultaneously elevated CO2 and temperature, and under two different soil salinities (0‰ or 20‰). We found neither differences in the aboveground biomass production nor the transcript abundances of the two genotypes, but soil salinity significantly affected all the investigated parameters, often interacting with the climatic conditions. At 20‰ salinity, most genes were higher expressed in the future than in the ambient climatic conditions. Higher transcription of the genes suggests higher abundance of the protein they code for, and consequently increased photosynthate production, improved stress responses, and salt exclusion. Therefore, the higher expression of these genes most likely contributed to the significantly ameliorated salinity impact on the aboveground biomass production of both P. australis genotypes under elevated temperature and CO2. Although transcript abundances did not explain differences between the lineages, they correlated with the increased vigor of both lineages under anticipated future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Eller
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Ole Worms Alle 1, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark ; Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Hamburg University Ohnhorststrasse 18, Hamburg, D-22609, Germany
| | - Carla Lambertini
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Ole Worms Alle 1, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Mette W Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Ole Worms Alle 1, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
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Piñero MC, Houdusse F, Garcia-Mina JM, Garnica M, Del Amor FM. Regulation of hormonal responses of sweet pepper as affected by salinity and elevated CO2 concentration. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 151:375-89. [PMID: 24152078 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the extent to which the predicted CO2 -protective effects on the inhibition of growth, impairment of photosynthesis and nutrient imbalance caused by saline stress are mediated by an effective adaptation of the endogenous plant hormonal balance. Therefore, sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum, cv. Ciclón) were grown at ambient or elevated [CO2] (400 or 800 µmol mol(-1)) with a nutrient solution containing 0 or 80 mM NaCl. The results show that, under saline conditions, elevated [CO2] increased plant dry weight, leaf area, leaf relative water content and net photosynthesis compared with ambient [CO2], whilst the maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II was not modified. In salt-stressed plants, elevated [CO2 ] increased leaf NO3(-) concentration and reduced Cl(-) concentration. Salinity stress induced ABA accumulation in the leaves but it was reduced in the roots at high [CO2], being correlated with the stomatal response. Under non-stressed conditions, IAA was dramatically reduced in the roots when high [CO2] was applied, which resulted in greater root DW and root respiration. Additionally, the observed high CK concentration in the roots (especially tZR) could prevent downregulation of photosynthesis at high [CO2], as the N level in the leaves was increased compared with the ambient [CO2], under salt-stress conditions. These results demonstrate that the hormonal balance was altered by the [CO2], which resulted in significant changes at the growth, gas exchange and nutritional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Piñero
- Equipo de Calidad Alimentaria, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
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Duarte B, Santos D, Silva H, Marques JC, Caçador I. Photochemical and biophysical feedbacks of C₃ and C₄ Mediterranean halophytes to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment confirmed by their stable isotope signatures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 80:10-22. [PMID: 24713121 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
According the latest predictions, an increase of about two times in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, is expected to occur by the end of this century. In order to understand the effects of this atmospheric composition changes on two abundant Mediterranean halophytes (Halimione portulacoides and Spartina maritima), mesocosmos trials were performed simulating two atmospheric CO2 environments (380 ppm and 760 ppm of CO2 respectively). The two chosen halophyte species present different metabolic characteristics: H. portulacoides, is a C3 specie while S. maritima is a C4 species. Distinct feedbacks were obtained for each of the studied species. Stable Isotope discrimination showed that both species showed an enhancement of the Rubisco carboxylation capacity and photosynthetic efficiency mostly due to an increase in intracellular [CO2]. In H. portulacoides CO2 fertilization induced an enhancement of ETR and a decrease in non-photochemical quenching and in dissipated energy fluxes. On the other hand the C4 grass S. maritima, already at full capacity, showed no photosynthetic enhancement. In fact this highly productive grass presented lower photosynthetic efficiencies accompanied by increases in dissipated energy fluxes mostly due to reductions in energy flux associated with the transport of reducing power throughout the quinone pool. The accumulation of reducing power led to oxidative stress, and thus the photosynthetic ability of this grass was greatly reduced. Both these feedbacks to realistic future CO2 concentrations are important consideration for in future primary productivity models, indicating a possible reduced abundance of the pioneer S. maritima and an increased biomass spreading of the sediment stabilizer H. portulacoides, inevitably affecting the morphology and function of the salt marshes imposed by these atmospheric changes, both in terms of ecosystem functioning and loss of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Duarte
- Centre of Oceanography of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon (CO), Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - D Santos
- Centre of Oceanography of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon (CO), Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - H Silva
- Biology Department & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J C Marques
- Institute of Marine Research - Marine and Environment Research Centre (IMAR-CMA), c/o Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Caçador
- Centre of Oceanography of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon (CO), Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Eller F, Lambertini C, Nguyen LX, Brix H. Increased invasive potential of non-native Phragmites australis: elevated CO2 and temperature alleviate salinity effects on photosynthesis and growth. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:531-43. [PMID: 23913622 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The prospective rise in atmospheric CO2 and temperature may change the distribution and invasive potential of a species; and intraspecific invasive lineages may respond differently to climate change. In this study, we simulated a future climate scenario with simultaneously elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature, and investigated its interaction with soil salinity, to assess the effects of global change on the ecophysiology of two competing haplotypes of the wetland grass Phragmites australis, that are invasive in the coastal marshes of North America. The two haplotypes with the phenotypes ‘EU-type’ (Eurasian haplotype) and ‘Delta-type’ (Mediterranean haplotype), were grown at 0‰ and 20‰ soil salinity, and at ambient or elevated climatic conditions (700 ppm CO2, +5 °C) in a phytotron system. The aboveground growth of both phenotypes was highest at the elevated climatic conditions. Growth at 20‰ salinity resulted in declined aboveground growth, lower transpiration rates (E), stomata conductance (gs), specific leaf area, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and a reduced photosynthetic performance. The negative effects of salinity were, however, significantly less severe at elevated CO2 and temperature than at the ambient climatic conditions. The Delta-type P. australis had higher shoot elongation rates than the EU-type P. australis, particularly at high salinity. The Delta-type also had higher maximum light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (Asat), maximum carboxylation rates of Rubisco (Vcmax), maximum electron transport rates (Jmax), triose phosphate utilization rates (Tp), stomata conductance (gs), as well as higher Rubisco carboxylation-limited, RuBP regeneration-limited and Tp-regeneration limited CO2 assimilation rates than the EU-type under all growth conditions. Our results suggest that the EU-type will not become dominant over the Delta-type, since the Delta-type has superior ecophysiological traits. However, the projected rise in atmospheric CO2 and temperature will alleviate the effects of salinity on both phenotypes and facilitate their expansion into more saline areas.
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Semenova G, Fomina I, Ivanov A. Combined Effect of Water Deficit and Salt Stress on the Structure of Mesophyll Cells in Wheat Seedlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/cellbio.2014.31002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li L, Zhang Y, Luo J, Korpelainen H, Li C. Sex-specific responses of Populus yunnanensis exposed to elevated CO2 and salinity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 147:477-88. [PMID: 22897484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Populus yunnanensis Dode., a native dioecious woody plant in southwestern China, was employed as a model species to study sex-specific morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to elevated CO2 and salinity. To investigate the effects of elevated CO2 , salinity and their combination, the cuttings were exposed to two CO2 regimes (ambient CO2 and double ambient CO2 ) and two salt treatments in growth chambers. Males exhibited greater downregulation of net photosynthesis rate (Anet ) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) than females at elevated CO2 , whereas these sexual differences were lessened under salt stress. On the other hand, salinity induced a higher decrease in Anet and CE, more growth inhibition and leaf Cl(-) accumulation and more damage to cell organelles in females than in males, whereas the sexual differences in photosynthesis and growth were lessened at elevated CO2 . Moreover, elevated CO2 exacerbated membrane lipid peroxidation and organelle damage in females but not in males under salt stress. Our results indicated that: (1) females are more sensitive and suffer from greater negative effects than do males under salt stress, and elevated CO2 lessens the sexual differences in photosynthesis and growth under salt stress; (2) elevated CO2 tends to aggravate the negative effects of salinity in females; and (3) sex-specific reactions under the combination of elevated CO2 and salinity are distinct from single-stress responses. Therefore, these results provide evidence for different adaptive responses between plants of different sexes exposed to elevated CO2 and salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Farfan-Vignolo ER, Asard H. Effect of elevated CO₂ and temperature on the oxidative stress response to drought in Lolium perenne L. and Medicago sativa L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 59:55-62. [PMID: 22795847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies addressing the combined impact of multiple climate factors on plant abiotic stress responses are still scarce. We investigated physiological and molecular (antioxidant), responses to water deficit, in grassland-model species, Lolium perenne L. and Medicago lupulina L., under future climate conditions, i.e. elevated CO₂ (+CO₂, +375 ppm) and elevated temperature (+T, +3 °C). Elevated CO₂, but not warming, significantly increased biomass (gDW) in L. perenne, but not in M. lupulina. Photosynthesis (A(sat)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)), were differently affected by climate in each species, L. perenne generally being more sensitive. Elevated CO₂ increased lipid peroxidation levels in M. lupulina, but not in L. perenne, and had no effect on protein oxidation and little effect on antioxidant levels. Drought stress caused severe inhibition in biomass and photosynthesis, most severely in L. perenne, and strongly increased oxidative damage. Elevated CO₂ protected against the drought-induced damage. Decreased activities of APX and POX may indicate lower levels of oxidative challenge (relaxation) at the level of H₂O₂ production. Polyphenols, tocopherols and antioxidant capacity, increased under drought stress, in all climate conditions. Elevated CO₂, increased reduced ascorbate (ASC) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and their redox status, in both species, although to different levels. Changes in activities of key ASC/GSH cycle enzymes, under stress and climate treatments, showed weak correlations with ASC and GSH levels, indicating the complexity of this network. Together this work supports the idea that redox changes are involved in responses to climate changes, in the absence and presence of water-deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Roxana Farfan-Vignolo
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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de la Mata L, Cabello P, de la Haba P, Agüera E. Growth under elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration accelerates leaf senescence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1392-400. [PMID: 22818664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Some morphogenetic and metabolic processes were sensitive to a high atmospheric CO(2) concentration during sunflower primary leaf ontogeny. Young leaves of sunflower plants growing under elevated CO(2) concentration exhibited increased growth, as reflected by the high specific leaf mass referred to as dry weight in young leaves (16 days). The content of photosynthetic pigments decreased with leaf development, especially in plants grown under elevated CO(2) concentrations, suggesting that high CO(2) accelerates chlorophyll degradation, and also possibly leaf senescence. Elevated CO(2) concentration increased the oxidative stress in sunflower plants by increasing H(2)O(2) levels and decreasing activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. The loss of plant defenses probably increases the concentration of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplast, decreasing the photosynthetic pigment content as a result. Elevated CO(2) concentration was found to boost photosynthetic CO(2) fixation, especially in young leaves. High CO(2) also increased the starch and soluble sugar contents (glucose and fructose) and the C/N ratio during sunflower primary leaf development. At the beginning of senescence, we observed a strong increase in the hexoses to sucrose ratio that was especially marked at high CO(2) concentration. These results indicate that elevated CO(2) concentration could promote leaf senescence in sunflower plants by affecting the soluble sugar levels, the C/N ratio and the oxidative status during leaf ontogeny. It is likely that systemic signals produced in plants grown with elevated CO(2), lead to early senescence and a higher oxidation state of the cells of these plant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes de la Mata
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis (C4), 3ª planta, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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Naeem MS, Warusawitharana H, Liu H, Liu D, Ahmad R, Waraich EA, Xu L, Zhou W. 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviates the salinity-induced changes in Brassica napus as revealed by the ultrastructural study of chloroplast. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 57:84-92. [PMID: 22695221 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an important plant growth regulator which is derived from 5-carbon aliphatic amino acid. The present study investigates the interaction of increasing NaCl-salinity and ALA on plant growth, leaf pigment composition, leaf and root Na(+)/K(+) ratio and chloroplast ultrastructure in mesophyll cells of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves. The plants were treated hydroponically with three different salinity levels (0, 100, 200 mM) and foliar application of ALA (30 mg l(-1)) simultaneously. Ten days after treatment, higher NaCl-salinity significantly reduced the plant biomass and height. However, ALA application restored the plant biomass and plant height under saline conditions. A concentration-dependent increase in Na(+) uptake was observed in the aerial parts of B. napus plants. On the other hand, ALA reduced Na(+) uptake, leading to a significant decrease in Na(+)/K(+) ratio. Accumulation of Na(+) augmented the oxidative stress, which was evident by electron microscopic images, highlighting several changes in cell shape and size, chloroplast swelling, increased number of plastogloubli, reduced starch granules and dilations of the thylakoids. Foliar application of ALA improved the energy supply and investment in mechanisms (higher chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency), reduced the oxidative stress as evident by the regular shaped chloroplasts with more intact thylakoids. On the basis of these results we can suggest that ALA is a promising plant growth regulator which can improve plant survival under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Naeem
- Institute of Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Pérez-López U, Robredo A, Lacuesta M, Mena-Petite A, Muñoz-Rueda A. Elevated CO2 reduces stomatal and metabolic limitations on photosynthesis caused by salinity in Hordeum vulgare. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 111:269-83. [PMID: 22286185 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The future environment may be altered by high concentrations of salt in the soil and elevated [CO(2)] in the atmosphere. These have opposite effects on photosynthesis. Generally, salt stress inhibits photosynthesis by stomatal and non-stomatal mechanisms; in contrast, elevated [CO(2)] stimulates photosynthesis by increasing CO(2) availability in the Rubisco carboxylating site and by reducing photorespiration. However, few studies have focused on the interactive effects of these factors on photosynthesis. To elucidate this knowledge gap, we grew the barley plant, Hordeum vulgare (cv. Iranis), with and without salt stress at either ambient or elevated atmospheric [CO(2)] (350 or 700 μmol mol(-1) CO(2), respectively). We measured growth, several photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, and carbohydrate content. Under saline conditions, the photosynthetic rate decreased, mostly because of stomatal limitations. Increasing salinity progressively increased metabolic (photochemical and biochemical) limitation; this included an increase in non-photochemical quenching and a reduction in the PSII quantum yield. When salinity was combined with elevated CO(2), the rate of CO(2) diffusion to the carboxylating site increased, despite lower stomatal and internal conductance. The greater CO(2) availability increased the electron sink capacity, which alleviated the salt-induced metabolic limitations on the photosynthetic rate. Consequently, elevated CO(2) partially mitigated the saline effects on photosynthesis by maintaining favorable biochemistry and photochemistry in barley leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usue Pérez-López
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Tang S, Liao S, Guo J, Song Z, Wang R, Zhou X. Growth and cesium uptake responses of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Amaranthus cruentus L. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated CO2 or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Burkholderia sp. D54, or in combination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 198:188-197. [PMID: 22074893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Growth and cesium uptake responses of plants to elevated CO(2) and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, can be explored for clean-up of contaminated soils, and this induced phytoextraction may be better than the natural process. The present study used open-top chambers to investigate combined effects of Burkholderia sp. D54 inoculation and elevated CO(2) (860 μL L(-1)) on growth and Cs uptake by Phytolacca americana and Amaranthus cruentus grown on soil spiked with various levels of Cs (0-1000 mg kg(-1)). Elevated CO(2) and bacterial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly increased biomass production with increased magnitude, ranging from 22% to 139% for P. americana, and 14% to 254% for A. cruentus. Total tissue Cs in both plants was significantly greater for bacterial inoculation treatment singly, and combined treatments of bacterial inoculation and elevated CO(2) than for the control treatment in most cases. Regardless of CO(2) concentrations and bacterial inoculation, A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana, but they had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that combined effects of elevated CO(2) and microbial inoculation with regard to plant ability to grow and remove radionuclides from soil can be explored for CO(2)- and microbe-assisted phytoextraction technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Tang
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, PR China.
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Volpe V, Manzoni S, Marani M, Katul G. Leaf conductance and carbon gain under salt-stressed conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jia Y, Ju X, Liao S, Song Z, Li Z. Phytochelatin synthesis in response to elevated CO2 under cadmium stress in Lolium perenne L. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1723-1728. [PMID: 21676492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The increasing atmospheric CO(2) and heavy metal contamination in soil are two of the major environmental problems. Knowledge of the Cd stress coping mechanisms is needed to understand the regulation of the plants' metabolism under the increasing atmospheric CO(2) levels. Lolium perenne L. was grown hydroponically under two concentrations of atmospheric CO(2) (360 and 1000μLL(-1)) and six concentrations of cadmium (0-160μmolL(-1)) to investigate Cd uptake, Cd transportation, and variations in phytochelatin (PC) concentration. Cd concentrations in roots and shoots were decreased, but transport index (Ti) was increased under elevated CO(2) compared to ambient CO(2). Regardless of CO(2) concentrations, Cd and PC concentrations, especially the concentrations of high molecular weight PCs (PC(4), PC(5), PC(6)) were higher with increasing Cd concentration in growth media and longer Cd exposure time. Under the elevated CO(2), more high molecular weight PCs (PC(4), PC(5), PC(6)) in shoots and roots were synthesized compared to ambient CO(2), with higher SH:Cd ratio in roots as well. These results indicate that under elevated CO(2), L. perenne may be better protected against Cd stress with higher biomass, lower Cd concentration and better detoxification by phytochelatins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Jia Y, Tang SR, Ju XH, Shu LN, Tu SX, Feng RW, Giusti L. Effects of elevated CO(2) levels on root morphological traits and Cd uptakes of two Lolium species under Cd stress. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2011; 12:313-25. [PMID: 21462388 PMCID: PMC3072595 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of elevated CO(2) levels and cadmium (Cd) on the root morphological traits and Cd accumulation in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Lolium perenne L. exposed to two CO(2) levels (360 and 1 000 μl/L) and three Cd levels (0, 4, and 16 mg/L) under hydroponic conditions. The results show that elevated levels of CO(2) increased shoot biomass more, compared to root biomass, but decreased Cd concentrations in all plant tissues. Cd exposure caused toxicity to both Lolium species, as shown by the restrictions of the root morphological parameters including root length, surface area, volume, and tip numbers. These parameters were significantly higher under elevated levels of CO(2) than under ambient CO(2), especially for the number of fine roots. The increases in magnitudes of those parameters triggered by elevated levels of CO(2) under Cd stress were more than those under non-Cd stress, suggesting an ameliorated Cd stress under elevated levels of CO(2). The total Cd uptake per pot, calculated on the basis of biomass, was significantly greater under elevated levels of CO(2) than under ambient CO(2). Ameliorated Cd toxicity, decreased Cd concentration, and altered root morphological traits in both Lolium species under elevated levels of CO(2) may have implications in food safety and phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shi-rong Tang
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xue-hai Ju
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Li-na Shu
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shu-xing Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ren-wei Feng
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lorenzino Giusti
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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Chen L, Zhang S, Zhao H, Korpelainen H, Li C. Sex-related adaptive responses to interaction of drought and salinity in Populus yunnanensis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:1767-78. [PMID: 20545878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We used Populus yunnanensis Dode., a native dioecious species in southwestern China, as a model species to study morphological, physiological, biochemical and ultrastructural responses to drought, salinity and their combination. Females exhibited more growth inhibition, gas exchange rate depression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; higher lipid peroxide levels, lower osmotic adjustment capacity and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzyme activities; and more damage to cell organelles than did males under drought, salinity and especially under their combination. In addition, we found sex-specific responses in total chlorophyll content (TC), carotenoid concentration and carbon isotope composition under different osmotic stresses. Our results indicated that: (1) females are more sensitive and suffer from greater negative effects than do males under drought, salinity and especially under their combination; (2) sexual differences in adaptive responses to drought, salinity and their combination are context dependent; and (3) sex-specific reactions under a combination of stresses are distinct from single-stress responses. Thus, these results provide evidence for adaptive differentiation between sexes in responses to osmotic stresses and in the sensitivity to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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