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Martin ML, Pervent M, Lambert I, Colella S, Tancelin M, Severac D, Clément G, Tillard P, Frugier F, Lepetit M. Localized osmotic stress activates systemic responses to N limitation in Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium symbiotic plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1288070. [PMID: 38053772 PMCID: PMC10694431 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1288070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In mature symbiotic root nodules, differentiated rhizobia fix atmospheric dinitrogen and provide ammonium to fulfill the plant nitrogen (N) demand. The plant enables this process by providing photosynthates to the nodules. The symbiosis is adjusted to the whole plant N demand thanks to systemic N signaling controlling nodule development. Symbiotic plants under N deficit stimulate nodule expansion and activate nodule senescence under N satiety. Besides, nodules are highly sensitive to drought. Here, we used split-root systems to characterize the systemic responses of symbiotic plants to a localized osmotic stress. We showed that polyéthylène glycol (PEG) application rapidly inhibited the symbiotic dinitrogen fixation activity of nodules locally exposed to the treatment, resulting to the N limitation of the plant supplied exclusively by symbiotic dinitrogen fixation. The localized PEG treatment triggered systemic signaling stimulating nodule development in the distant untreated roots. This response was associated with an enhancement of the sucrose allocation. Our analyses showed that transcriptomic reprogramming associated with PEG and N deficit systemic signaling(s) shared many targets transcripts. Altogether, our study suggests that systemic N signaling is a component of the adaptation of the symbiotic plant to the local variations of its edaphic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ d’Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA, Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marjorie Pervent
- LSTM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilana Lambert
- LSTM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefano Colella
- LSTM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Tancelin
- LSTM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dany Severac
- MGX, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Pascal Tillard
- Biologie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Frugier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ d’Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marc Lepetit
- LSTM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Lepetit M, Brouquisse R. Control of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis by the plant nitrogen demand is tightly integrated at the whole plant level and requires inter-organ systemic signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1114840. [PMID: 36968361 PMCID: PMC10033964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nodules formed on legume roots with rhizobia fix atmospheric N2. Bacteria reduce N2 to NH4 + that is assimilated into amino acids by the plant. In return, the plant provides photosynthates to fuel the symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Symbiosis is tightly adjusted to the whole plant nutritional demand and to the plant photosynthetic capacities, but regulatory circuits behind this control remain poorly understood. The use of split-root systems combined with biochemical, physiological, metabolomic, transcriptomic, and genetic approaches revealed that multiple pathways are acting in parallel. Systemic signaling mechanisms of the plant N demand are required for the control of nodule organogenesis, mature nodule functioning, and nodule senescence. N-satiety/N-deficit systemic signaling correlates with rapid variations of the nodules' sugar levels, tuning symbiosis by C resources allocation. These mechanisms are responsible for the adjustment of plant symbiotic capacities to the mineral N resources. On the one hand, if mineral N can satisfy the plant N demand, nodule formation is inhibited, and nodule senescence is activated. On the other hand, local conditions (abiotic stresses) may impair symbiotic activity resulting in plant N limitation. In these conditions, systemic signaling may compensate the N deficit by stimulating symbiotic root N foraging. In the past decade, several molecular components of the systemic signaling pathways controlling nodule formation have been identified, but a major challenge remains, that is, to understand their specificity as compared to the mechanisms of non-symbiotic plants that control root development and how they contribute to the whole plant phenotypes. Less is known about the control of mature nodule development and functioning by N and C nutritional status of the plant, but a hypothetical model involving the sucrose allocation to the nodule as a systemic signaling process, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and the redox status as potential effectors of this signaling is emerging. This work highlights the importance of organism integration in plant biology.
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Chammakhi C, Boscari A, Pacoud M, Aubert G, Mhadhbi H, Brouquisse R. Nitric Oxide Metabolic Pathway in Drought-Stressed Nodules of Faba Bean ( Vicia faba L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13057. [PMID: 36361841 PMCID: PMC9654674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is an environmental stress that strongly impacts plants. It affects all stages of growth and induces profound disturbances that influence all cellular functions. Legumes can establish a symbiosis with Rhizobium-type bacteria, whose function is to fix atmospheric nitrogen in organs called nodules and to meet plant nitrogen needs. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is particularly sensitive to drought. We raised the hypothesis that, in drought-stressed nodules, SNF inhibition is partly correlated to hypoxia resulting from nodule structure compaction and an increased O2 diffusion barrier, and that the nodule energy regeneration involves phytoglobin-nitric oxide (Pgb-NO) respiration. To test this hypothesis, we subjected faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants nodulated with a Rhizobium laguerreae strain to either drought or osmotic stress. We monitored the N2-fixation activity, the energy state (ATP/ADP ratio), the expression of hypoxia marker genes (alcohol dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase), and the functioning of the Pgb-NO respiration in the nodules. The collected data confirmed our hypothesis and showed that (1) drought-stressed nodules were subject to more intense hypoxia than control nodules and (2) NO production increased and contributed via Pgb-NO respiration to the maintenance of the energy state of drought-stressed nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Chammakhi
- Sophia Agrobiotech Institute, INRAE 1355, CNRS 7254, Côte d’Azur University, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
- National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Sophia Agrobiotech Institute, INRAE 1355, CNRS 7254, Côte d’Azur University, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marie Pacoud
- Sophia Agrobiotech Institute, INRAE 1355, CNRS 7254, Côte d’Azur University, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Grégoire Aubert
- Agroecology, INRAE, Agro Institute, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - Haythem Mhadhbi
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Sophia Agrobiotech Institute, INRAE 1355, CNRS 7254, Côte d’Azur University, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
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Thilakarathna MS, Cope KR. Split-root assays for studying legume-rhizobia symbioses, rhizodeposition, and belowground nitrogen transfer in legumes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5285-5299. [PMID: 33954584 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Split-root assays have been used widely in studies focused on understanding the complex regulatory mechanisms in legume-rhizobia symbioses, root nitrogen rhizodeposition, and belowground nitrogen transfer, and the effects of different biotic/abiotic factors on this symbiotic interaction. This assay allows a plant to have a root system that is physically divided into two distinct sections that are both still attached to a common shoot. Thus, each root section can be treated separately to monitor local and systemic plant responses. Different techniques are used to establish split-root assemblies, including double-pot systems, divided growth pouches, elbow root assembly, twin-tube systems, a single pot or chamber with a partition in the center, and divided agar plates. This review is focused on discussing the various types of split-root assays currently used in legume-based studies, and their associated advantages and limitations. Furthermore, this review also focuses on how split-root assays have been used for studies on nitrogen rhizodeposition, belowground nitrogen transfer, systemic regulation of nodulation, and biotic and abiotic factors affecting legume-rhizobia symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malinda S Thilakarathna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin R Cope
- Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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Cobos-Porras L, Rubia MI, Huertas R, Kum D, Dalton DA, Udvardi MK, Arrese-Igor C, Larrainzar E. Increased Ascorbate Biosynthesis Does Not Improve Nitrogen Fixation Nor Alleviate the Effect of Drought Stress in Nodulated Medicago truncatula Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:686075. [PMID: 34262586 PMCID: PMC8273863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.686075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants are able to establish nitrogen-fixing symbiotic relations with Rhizobium bacteria. This symbiosis is, however, affected by a number of abiotic constraints, particularly drought. One of the consequences of drought stress is the overproduction of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), leading to cellular damage and, ultimately, cell death. Ascorbic acid (AsA), also known as vitamin C, is one of the antioxidant compounds that plants synthesize to counteract this oxidative damage. One promising strategy for the improvement of plant growth and symbiotic performance under drought stress is the overproduction of AsA via the overexpression of enzymes in the Smirnoff-Wheeler biosynthesis pathway. In the current work, we generated Medicago truncatula plants with increased AsA biosynthesis by overexpressing MtVTC2, a gene coding for GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase. We characterized the growth and physiological responses of symbiotic plants both under well-watered conditions and during a progressive water deficit. Results show that increased AsA availability did not provide an advantage in terms of plant growth or symbiotic performance either under well-watered conditions or in response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libertad Cobos-Porras
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rubia
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raúl Huertas
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - David Kum
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David A. Dalton
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael K. Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Cesar Arrese-Igor
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Guiguitant J, Marrou H, Vile D, Sinclair TR, Pradhan D, Ramirez M, Ghanem ME. An exploration of the variability of physiological responses to soil drying in relation with C/N balance across three species of the under-utilized genus Vigna. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:477-486. [PMID: 33002192 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The genus Vigna (Fabaceae) is an agriculturally important taxon, which includes several crop species such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), mung bean (Vigna radiata) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis). Most studies have focused on cowpea (V. unguiculata (L.) as a drought-resistant crop, although insights on the mechanisms that confer this species the ability to grow in dry environment are still not fully resolved. The diversity of this rich genus has been overlooked in many physiological studies. This study explores the physiological mechanisms of response to soil drying (N2 fixation, transpiration rate and changes in C and N allocation) across three species of the Vigna genus: V. radiata, V. unguiculata, V. vexillata (tuber cowpea). A significant variability among the studied Vigna accessions was found for the threshold in decline of N2 fixation with soil drying. Less variability was observed in the transpiration threshold. Through the analysis of leaf traits variation under well-watered and water-deficit conditions, we were able to relate the variability in N2 fixation and transpiration response to C/N metabolism modifications resulting in different allocation of carbon and nitrogen to leaves under water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guiguitant
- SYSTEM, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, IAMM, Montpellier, France
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Marrou
- Plant Physiology and Crop Improvement Program, AgroBioSciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Hay Moulay Rachid, Morocco
- Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas R Sinclair
- Crop and Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deepti Pradhan
- Crop and Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martha Ramirez
- US Department of Agriculture, ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michel Edmond Ghanem
- Plant Physiology and Crop Improvement Program, AgroBioSciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Hay Moulay Rachid, Morocco
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Lambert I, Pervent M, Le Queré A, Clément G, Tauzin M, Severac D, Benezech C, Tillard P, Martin-Magniette ML, Colella S, Lepetit M. Responses of mature symbiotic nodules to the whole-plant systemic nitrogen signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5039-5052. [PMID: 32386062 PMCID: PMC7410188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In symbiotic root nodules of legumes, terminally differentiated rhizobia fix atmospheric N2 producing an NH4+ influx that is assimilated by the plant. The plant, in return, provides photosynthates that fuel the symbiotic nitrogen acquisition. Mechanisms responsible for the adjustment of the symbiotic capacity to the plant N demand remain poorly understood. We have investigated the role of systemic signaling of whole-plant N demand on the mature N2-fixing nodules of the model symbiotic association Medicago truncatula/Sinorhizobium using split-root systems. The whole-plant N-satiety signaling rapidly triggers reductions of both N2 fixation and allocation of sugars to the nodule. These responses are associated with the induction of nodule senescence and the activation of plant defenses against microbes, as well as variations in sugars transport and nodule metabolism. The whole-plant N-deficit responses mirror these changes: a rapid increase of sucrose allocation in response to N-deficit is associated with a stimulation of nodule functioning and development resulting in nodule expansion in the long term. Physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data together provide evidence for strong integration of symbiotic nodules into whole-plant nitrogen demand by systemic signaling and suggest roles for sugar allocation and hormones in the signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Lambert
- Laboratoire de Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marjorie Pervent
- Laboratoire de Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Le Queré
- Laboratoire de Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Marc Tauzin
- Laboratoire de Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dany Severac
- MGX, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Benezech
- Laboratoire de Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Tillard
- Biologie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRAE, CNRS, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Evry, CNRS, INRAE, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Orsay, France
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Colella
- Laboratoire de Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Lepetit
- Laboratoire de Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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8
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Rubia MI, Ramachandran VK, Arrese-Igor C, Larrainzar E, Poole PS. A novel biosensor to monitor proline in pea root exudates and nodules under osmotic stress and recovery. PLANT AND SOIL 2020; 452:413-422. [PMID: 32713966 PMCID: PMC7371648 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant and bacteria are able to synthesise proline, which acts as a compound to counteract the negative effects of osmotic stresses. Most methodologies rely on the extraction of compounds using destructive methods. This work describes a new proline biosensor that allows the monitoring of proline levels in a non-invasive manner in root exudates and nodules of legume plants. METHODS The proline biosensor was constructed by cloning the promoter region of pRL120553, a gene with high levels of induction in the presence of proline, in front of the lux cassette in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. RESULTS Free-living assays show that the proline biosensor is sensitive and specific for proline. Proline was detected in both root exudates and nodules of pea plants. The luminescence detected in bacteroids did not show variations during osmotic stress treatments, but significantly increased during recovery. CONCLUSIONS This biosensor is a useful tool for the in vivo monitoring of proline levels in root exudates and bacteroids of symbiotic root nodules, and it contributes to our understanding of the metabolic exchange occurring in nodules under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I. Rubia
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, 31006 Spain
| | | | - Cesar Arrese-Igor
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, 31006 Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona, 31006 Spain
| | - Philip S. Poole
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB UK
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Sańko-Sawczenko I, Łotocka B, Mielecki J, Rekosz-Burlaga H, Czarnocka W. Transcriptomic Changes in Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus Root Nodules during Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1204. [PMID: 30857310 PMCID: PMC6429210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major environmental factors limiting biomass and seed yield production in agriculture. In this research, we focused on plants from the Fabaceae family, which has a unique ability for the establishment of symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and are relatively susceptible to water limitation. We have presented the changes in nitrogenase activity and global gene expression occurring in Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus root nodules during water deficit. Our results proved a decrease in the efficiency of nitrogen fixation, as well as extensive changes in plant and bacterial transcriptomes, shortly after watering cessation. We showed for the first time that not only symbiotic plant components but also Sinorhizobium meliloti and Mesorhizobium loti bacteria residing in the root nodules of M. truncatula and L. japonicus, respectively, adjust their gene expression in response to water shortage. Although our results demonstrated that both M. truncatula and L. japonicus root nodules were susceptible to water deprivation, they indicated significant differences in plant and bacterial response to drought between the tested species, which might be related to the various types of root nodules formed by these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sańko-Sawczenko
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Łotocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Mielecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hanna Rekosz-Burlaga
- Department of Microbial Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Garneau MG, Tan Q, Tegeder M. Function of pea amino acid permease AAP6 in nodule nitrogen metabolism and export, and plant nutrition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5205-5219. [PMID: 30113690 PMCID: PMC6184819 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with bacteroids in root nodules. Following fixation in pea (Pisum sativum L.) nodules, nitrogen is reduced to amino acids that are exported via the nodule xylem to the shoot, and in the phloem to roots in support of growth. However, the mechanisms involved in amino acid movement towards the nodule vasculature, and their importance for nodule function and plant nutrition, were unknown. We found that in pea nodules the apoplasmic pathway is an essential route for amino acid partitioning from infected cells to the vascular bundles, and that amino acid permease PsAAP6 is a key player in nitrogen retrieval from the apoplasm into inner cortex cells for nodule export. Using an miRNA interference (miR) approach, it was demonstrated that PsAAP6 function in nodules, and probably in roots, and affects both shoot and root nitrogen supply, which were strongly decreased in PsAAP6-miR plants. Further, reduced transporter function resulted in increased nodule levels of ammonium, asparagine, and other amino acids. Surprisingly, nitrogen fixation and nodule metabolism were up-regulated in PsAAP6-miR plants, indicating that under shoot nitrogen deficiency, or when plant nitrogen demand is high, systemic signaling leads to an increase in nodule activity, independent of the nodule nitrogen status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Garneau
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Qiumin Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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11
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Adams MA, Buchmann N, Sprent J, Buckley TN, Turnbull TL. Crops, Nitrogen, Water: Are Legumes Friend, Foe, or Misunderstood Ally? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:539-550. [PMID: 29559299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by crop legumes reduces demand for industrial nitrogen fixation (INF). Nonetheless, rates of BNF in agriculture remain low, with strong negative feedback to BNF from reactive soil nitrogen (N) and drought. We show that breeding for yield has resulted in strong relationships between photosynthesis and leaf N in non-leguminous crops, whereas grain legumes show strong relations between leaf N and water use efficiency (WUE). We contrast these understandings with other studies that draw attention to the water costs of grain legume crops, and their potential for polluting the biosphere with N. We propose that breeding grain legumes for reduced stomatal conductance can increase WUE without compromising production or BNF. Legume crops remain a better bet than relying on INF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Adams
- Swinburne University, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; Centre for Carbon Water and Food, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Nina Buchmann
- ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Janet Sprent
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at JHI, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tarryn L Turnbull
- Centre for Carbon Water and Food, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2480, Australia
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12
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Furlan AL, Bianucci E, Castro S, Dietz KJ. Metabolic features involved in drought stress tolerance mechanisms in peanut nodules and their contribution to biological nitrogen fixation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:12-22. [PMID: 28818367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Legumes belong to the most important crops worldwide. They increase soil fertility due their ability to establish symbiotic associations with soil microorganisms, known as rhizobia, capable of fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere. However, they are frequently exposed to abiotic stress conditions in particular drought. Such adverse conditions impair the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and depend largely on the legume. Therefore, two peanut cultivars with contrasting tolerance to drought, namely the more tolerant EC-98 and the sensitive Granoleico, were investigated to elucidate the relative contribution of BNF to the tolerance to drought. The tolerant cultivar EC-98 sustained growth and BNF similar to the control condition despite the reduced water potential and photosynthesis, suggesting the functioning of distinct metabolic pathways that contributed to enhance the tolerance. The biochemical and metabolomics approaches revealed that nodules from the tolerant cultivar accumulated trehalose, proline and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), metabolites with known function in protecting against drought stress. The amide metabolism was severely affected in nodules from the sensitive cultivar Granoleico as revealed by the low content of asparagine and glutamine in the drought stressed plants. The sensitive cultivar upon rehydration was unable to re-establish a metabolism similar to well-watered plants. This was evidenced by the low level of metabolites and, transcripts and specific activities of enzymes from the carbon (sucrose synthase) and nitrogen (glutamine synthetase) metabolism which decreased below the values of control plants. Therefore, the increased content of metabolites with protective functions under drought stress likely is crucial for the full restoration upon rehydration. Smaller changes of drought stress-related metabolites in nodule are another trait that contributes to the effective control of BNF in the tolerant peanut cultivar (EC-98).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Furlan
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Eliana Bianucci
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stella Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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Souza SCR, Mazzafera P, Sodek L. Flooding of the root system in soybean: biochemical and molecular aspects of N metabolism in the nodule during stress and recovery. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1285-95. [PMID: 26825550 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation of the nodule of soybean is highly sensitive to oxygen deficiency such as provoked by waterlogging of the root system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of flooding on N metabolism in nodules of soybean. Flooding resulted in a marked decrease of asparagine (the most abundant amino acid) and a concomitant accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Flooding also resulted in a strong reduction of the incorporation of (15)N2 in amino acids. Nodule amino acids labelled before flooding rapidly lost (15)N during flooding, except for GABA, which initially increased and declined slowly thereafter. Both nitrogenase activity and the expression of nifH and nifD genes were strongly decreased on flooding. Expression of the asparagine synthetase genes SAS1 and SAS2 was reduced, especially the former. Expression of genes encoding the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD1, GAD4, GAD5) was also strongly suppressed except for GAD2 which increased. Almost all changes observed during flooding were reversible after draining. Possible changes in asparagine and GABA metabolism that may explain the marked fluctuations of these amino acids during flooding are discussed. It is suggested that the accumulation of GABA has a storage role during flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C R Souza
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ladaslav Sodek
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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14
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Gil-Quintana E, Lyon D, Staudinger C, Wienkoop S, González EM. Medicago truncatula and Glycine max: Different Drought Tolerance and Similar Local Response of the Root Nodule Proteome. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:5240-51. [PMID: 26503705 PMCID: PMC4673605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Legume crops present important agronomical and environmental advantages mainly due to their capacity to reduce atmospheric N2 to ammonium via symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). This process is very sensitive to abiotic stresses such as drought, but the mechanism underlying this response is not fully understood. The goal of the current work is to compare the drought response of two legumes with high economic impact and research importance, Medicago truncatula and Glycine max, by characterizing their root nodule proteomes. Our results show that, although M. truncatula exhibits lower water potential values under drought conditions compared to G. max, SNF declined analogously in the two legumes. Both of their nodule proteomes are very similar, and comparable down-regulation responses in the diverse protein functional groups were identified (mainly proteins related to the metabolism of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur). We suggest lipoxygenases and protein turnover as newly recognized players in SNF regulation. Partial drought conditions applied to a split-root system resulted in the local down-regulation of the entire proteome of drought-stressed nodules in both legumes. The high degree of similarity between both legume proteomes suggests that the vast amount of research conducted on M. truncatula could be applied to economically important legume crops, such as soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erena Gil-Quintana
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Public University
of Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Lyon
- Department
of Molecular Systems Biology, University
of Vienna, Althanstrasse
14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department
of Molecular Systems Biology, University
of Vienna, Althanstrasse
14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department
of Molecular Systems Biology, University
of Vienna, Althanstrasse
14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther M. González
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Public University
of Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
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15
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Influence of Rhizobia Inoculation on Biomass Gain and Tissue Nitrogen Content of Leucaena leucocephala Seedlings under Drought. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Sulieman S, Ha CV, Nasr Esfahani M, Watanabe Y, Nishiyama R, Pham CTB, Nguyen DV, Tran LSP. DT2008: a promising new genetic resource for improved drought tolerance in soybean when solely dependent on symbiotic N2 fixation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:687213. [PMID: 25685802 PMCID: PMC4299153 DOI: 10.1155/2015/687213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is one of the major constraints for soybean production in Vietnam. The soybean breeding research efforts conducted at the Agriculture Genetics Institute (AGI) of Vietnam resulted in the development of promising soybean genotypes, suitable for the drought-stressed areas in Vietnam and other countries. Such a variety, namely, DT2008, was recommended by AGI and widely used throughout the country. The aim of this work was to assess the growth of shoots, roots, and nodules of DT2008 versus Williams 82 (W82) in response to drought and subsequent rehydration in symbiotic association as a means to provide genetic resources for genomic research. Better shoot, root, and nodule growth and development were observed in the cultivar DT2008 under sufficient, water deficit, and recovery conditions. Our results represent a good foundation for further comparison of DT2008 and W82 at molecular levels using high throughput omic technologies, which will provide huge amounts of data, enabling us to understand the genetic network involved in regulation of soybean responses to water deficit and increasing the chances of developing drought-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Sulieman
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, 13314 Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Maryam Nasr Esfahani
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Rie Nishiyama
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chung Thi Bao Pham
- Department of Mutation and Heterosis Breeding, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dong Van Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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17
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Larrainzar E, Gil-Quintana E, Arrese-Igor C, González EM, Marino D. Split-root systems applied to the study of the legume-rhizobial symbiosis: what have we learned? JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:1118-24. [PMID: 24975457 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Split-root system (SRS) approaches allow the differential treatment of separate and independent root systems, while sharing a common aerial part. As such, SRS is a useful tool for the discrimination of systemic (shoot origin) versus local (root/nodule origin) regulation mechanisms. This type of approach is particularly useful when studying the complex regulatory mechanisms governing the symbiosis established between legumes and Rhizobium bacteria. The current work provides an overview of the main insights gained from the application of SRS approaches to understand how nodule number (nodulation autoregulation) and nitrogen fixation are controlled both under non-stressful conditions and in response to a variety of stresses. Nodule number appears to be mainly controlled at the systemic level through a signal which is produced by nodule/root tissue, translocated to the shoot, and transmitted back to the root system, involving shoot Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases. In contrast, both local and systemic mechanisms have been shown to operate for the regulation of nitrogenase activity in nodules. Under drought and heavy metal stress, the regulation is mostly local, whereas the application of exogenous nitrogen seems to exert a regulation of nitrogen fixation both at the local and systemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, E-31006, Spain
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18
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Irar S, González EM, Arrese-Igor C, Marino D. A proteomic approach reveals new actors of nodule response to drought in split-root grown pea plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:634-45. [PMID: 24754352 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought is considered the more harmful abiotic stress resulting in crops yield loss. Legumes in symbiosis with rhizobia are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Biological nitrogen fixation (SNF) is a very sensitive process to drought and limits legumes agricultural productivity. Several factors are known to regulate SNF including oxygen availability to bacteroids, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms; but the signaling pathways leading to SNF inhibition are largely unknown. In this work, we have performed a proteomic approach of pea plants grown in split-root system where one half of the root was well-irrigated and the other was subjected to drought. Water stress locally provoked nodule water potential decrease that led to SNF local inhibition. The proteomic approach revealed 11 and 7 nodule proteins regulated by drought encoded by Pisum sativum and Rhizobium leguminosarum genomes respectively. Among these 18 proteins, 3 proteins related to flavonoid metabolism, 2 to sulfur metabolism and 3 RNA-binding proteins were identified. These proteins could be molecular targets for future studies focused on the improvement of legumes tolerance to drought. Moreover, this work also provides new hints for the deciphering of SNF regulation machinery in nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Irar
- Servicio de Proteómica y Metabolómica, CRAG - Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica - CSIC IRTA UAB UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra (Cerdenyola del Valles), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Nasr Esfahani M, Sulieman S, Schulze J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Tran LSP. Mechanisms of physiological adjustment of N2 fixation in Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) during early stages of water deficit: single or multi-factor controls. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:964-80. [PMID: 24947137 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought negatively impacts symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea), thereby limiting yield potential. Understanding how drought affects chickpea nodulation will enable the development of strategies to biotechnologically engineer chickpea varieties with enhanced SNF under drought conditions. By analyzing carbon and nitrogen metabolism, we studied the mechanisms of physiological adjustment of nitrogen fixation in chickpea plants nodulated with Mesorhizobium ciceri during both drought stress and subsequent recovery. The nitrogenase activity, levels of several key carbon (in nodules) and nitrogen (in both nodules and leaves) metabolites and antioxidant compounds, as well as the activity of related nodule enzymes were examined in M. ciceri-inoculated chickpea plants under early drought stress and subsequent recovery. Results indicated that drought reduced nitrogenase activity, and that this was associated with a reduced expression of the nifK gene. Furthermore, drought stress promoted an accumulation of amino acids, mainly asparagine in nodules (but not in leaves), and caused a cell redox imbalance in nodules. An accumulation of organic acids, especially malate, in nodules, which coincided with the decline of nodulated root respiration, was also observed under drought stress. Taken together, our findings indicate that reduced nitrogenase activity occurring at early stages of drought stress involves, at least, the inhibition of respiration, nitrogen accumulation and an imbalance in cell redox status in nodules. The results of this study demonstrate the potential that the genetic engineering-based improvement of SNF efficiency could be applied to reduce the impact of drought on the productivity of chickpea, and perhaps other legume crops.
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20
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Larrainzar E, Molenaar JA, Wienkoop S, Gil-Quintana E, Alibert B, Limami AM, Arrese-Igor C, González EM. Drought stress provokes the down-regulation of methionine and ethylene biosynthesis pathways in Medicago truncatula roots and nodules. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2051-63. [PMID: 24471423 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is one of the first physiological processes inhibited in legume plants under water-deficit conditions. Despite the progress made in the last decades, the molecular mechanisms behind this regulation are not fully understood yet. Recent proteomic work carried out in the model legume Medicago truncatula provided the first indications of a possible involvement of nodule methionine (Met) biosynthesis and related pathways in response to water-deficit conditions. To better understand this involvement, the drought-induced changes in expression and content of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Met, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and ethylene in M. truncatula root and nodules were analyzed using targeted approaches. Nitrogen-fixing plants were subjected to a progressive water deficit and a subsequent recovery period. Besides the physiological characterization of the plants, the content of total sulphur, sulphate and main S-containing metabolites was measured. Results presented here show that S availability is not a limiting factor in the drought-induced decline of nitrogen fixation rates in M. truncatula plants and provide evidences for a down-regulation of the Met and ethylene biosynthesis pathways in roots and nodules in response to water-deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Marino D, Damiani I, Gucciardo S, Mijangos I, Pauly N, Puppo A. Inhibition of nitrogen fixation in symbiotic Medicago truncatula upon Cd exposure is a local process involving leghaemoglobin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5651-60. [PMID: 24151304 PMCID: PMC3871818 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is very sensitive to environmental fluctuations. It is still contentious how BNF is regulated under stress conditions. The local or systemic control of BNF and the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in such regulation have still not been elucidated completely. Cadmium, which belongs to the so-called heavy metals, is one of the most toxic substances released into the environment. The mechanisms involved in Cd toxicity are still not completely understood but the overproduction of ROS is one of its characteristic symptoms. In this work, we used a split-root system approach to study nodule BNF and the antioxidant machinery's response to the application of a mild Cd treatment on one side of a nodulated Medicago truncatula root system. Cd induced the majority of nodule antioxidants without generating any oxidative damage. Cd treatment also provoked BNF inhibition exclusively in nodules directly exposed to Cd, without provoking any effect on plant shoot biomass or chlorophyll content. The overall data suggest that the decline in BNF was not due to a generalized breakdown of the plant but to control exerted through leghaemoglobin/oxygen availability, affecting nitrogenase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marino
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 – CNRS 6243 – Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Isabelle Damiani
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 – CNRS 6243 – Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Gucciardo
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 – CNRS 6243 – Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Iker Mijangos
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nicolas Pauly
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 – CNRS 6243 – Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301 – CNRS 6243 – Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
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22
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Gil-Quintana E, Larrainzar E, Seminario A, Díaz-Leal JL, Alamillo JM, Pineda M, Arrese-Igor C, Wienkoop S, González EM. Local inhibition of nitrogen fixation and nodule metabolism in drought-stressed soybean. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:2171-82. [PMID: 23580751 PMCID: PMC3654410 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major factor limiting symbiotic nitrogen fixation (NF) in soybean crop production. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in this inhibition are still controversial. Soybean plants were symbiotically grown in a split-root system (SRS), which allowed for half of the root system to be irrigated at field capacity while the other half remained water deprived. NF declined in the water-deprived root system while nitrogenase activity was maintained at control values in the well-watered half. Concomitantly, amino acids and ureides accumulated in the water-deprived belowground organs regardless of transpiration rates. Ureide accumulation was found to be related to the decline in their degradation activities rather than increased biosynthesis. Finally, proteomic analysis suggests that plant carbon metabolism, protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and cell growth are among the processes most altered in soybean nodules under drought stress. Results presented here support the hypothesis of a local regulation of NF taking place in soybean and downplay the role of ureides in the inhibition of NF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erena Gil-Quintana
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA95616, USA
| | - Amaia Seminario
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Díaz-Leal
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, CEIA3. Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Josefa M. Alamillo
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, CEIA3. Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Pineda
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, CEIA3. Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cesar Arrese-Igor
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther M. González
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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