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Wybouw B, Zhang X, Mähönen AP. Vascular cambium stem cells: past, present and future. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:851-865. [PMID: 38890801 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Secondary xylem and phloem originate from a lateral meristem called the vascular cambium that consists of one to several layers of meristematic cells. Recent lineage tracing studies have shown that only one of the cambial cells in each radial cell file functions as the stem cell, capable of producing both secondary xylem and phloem. Here, we first review how phytohormones and signalling peptides regulate vascular cambium formation and activity. We then propose how the stem cell concept, familiar from apical meristems, could be applied to cambium studies. Finally, we discuss how this concept could set the basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Wybouw
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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2
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Liu S, Chen T, Li X, Cui J, Tian Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of EPF/EPFL gene family in Populus trichocarpa. Front Genet 2024; 15:1432376. [PMID: 39092431 PMCID: PMC11291230 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1432376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Epidermal Patterning Factor/EPF-like (EPF/EPFL) family encodes a specific type of secreted protein in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development, especially in the process of morphogenesis. To investigate the characteristics of EPF/EPFL gene family members and their regulatory functions in stomatal development of Populus trichocarpa, a total of 15 EPF/EPFL family genes were identified. Then the gene structure, chromosome location, phylogenetic relationship, protein conserved domain and gene expression profile were analyzed. According to phylogenetic analysis, PtEPF/EPFL can be classified into four groups. The gene structure and protein conservation motifs within the EPF family indicate the high conservation of the PtEPF/EPFL sequence. The promoter region of PtEPF/EPFL was found to contain cis-elements in response to stress and plant hormones. In addition, RT-qPCR results indicated that the PtEPF/EPFL have a differentially expressed in different tissues. Under drought stress treatment, a substantial upregulation was observed in the majority of PtEPF/EPFL members, suggesting their potential involvement in drought response. These results provide a theoretical basis for future exploration of the characteristics and functions of more PtEPF/EPFL genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yinshuai Tian
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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3
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Li P, Zhao Z, Wang W, Wang T, Hu N, Wei Y, Sun Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Liu Q, Yang S, Gong J, Xiao X, Liu Y, Shi Y, Peng R, Lu Q, Yuan Y. Genome-wide analyses of member identification, expression pattern, and protein-protein interaction of EPF/EPFL gene family in Gossypium. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:554. [PMID: 38877405 PMCID: PMC11177404 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal patterning factor / -like (EPF/EPFL) gene family encodes a class of cysteine-rich secretory peptides, which are widelyfound in terrestrial plants.Multiple studies has indicated that EPF/EPFLs might play significant roles in coordinating plant development and growth, especially as the morphogenesis processes of stoma, awn, stamen, and fruit skin. However, few research on EPF/EPFL gene family was reported in Gossypium. RESULTS We separately identified 20 G. raimondii, 24 G. arboreum, 44 G. hirsutum, and 44 G. barbadense EPF/EPFL genes in the 4 representative cotton species, which were divided into four clades together with 11 Arabidopsis thaliana, 13 Oryza sativa, and 17 Selaginella moellendorffii ones based on their evolutionary relationships. The similar gene structure and common motifs indicated the high conservation among the EPF/EPFL members, while the uneven distribution in chromosomes implied the variability during the long-term evolutionary process. Hundreds of collinearity relationships were identified from the pairwise comparisons of intraspecifc and interspecific genomes, which illustrated gene duplication might contribute to the expansion of cotton EPF/EPFL gene family. A total of 15 kinds of cis-regulatory elements were predicted in the promoter regions, and divided into three major categories relevant to the biological processes of development and growth, plant hormone response, and abiotic stress response. Having performing the expression pattern analyses with the basic of the published RNA-seq data, we found most of GhEPF/EPFL and GbEPF/EPFL genes presented the relatively low expression levels among the 9 tissues or organs, while showed more dramatically different responses to high/low temperature and salt or drought stresses. Combined with transcriptome data of developing ovules and fibers and quantitative Real-time PCR results (qRT-PCR) of 15 highly expressed GhEPF/EPFL genes, it could be deduced that the cotton EPF/EPFL genes were closely related with fiber development. Additionally, the networks of protein-protein interacting among EPF/EPFLs concentrated on the cores of GhEPF1 and GhEPF7, and thosefunctional enrichment analyses indicated that most of EPF/EPFLs participate in the GO (Gene Ontology) terms of stomatal development and plant epidermis development, and the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways of DNA or base excision repair. CONCLUSION Totally, 132 EPF/EPFL genes were identified for the first time in cotton, whose bioinformatic analyses of cis-regulatory elements and expression patterns combined with qRT-PCR experiments to prove the potential functions in the biological processes of plant growth and responding to abiotic stresses, specifically in the fiber development. These results not only provide comprehensive and valuable information for cotton EPF/EPFL gene family, but also lay solid foundation for screening candidate EPF/EPFL genes in further cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang , Henan, 455000, China
| | - Zilin Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang , Henan, 455000, China
| | - Wenkui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang , Henan, 455000, China
| | - Nan Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang , Henan, 455000, China
| | - Yangyang Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang , Henan, 455000, China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alaer , Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Qiankun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alaer , Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Juwu Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang , Henan, 455000, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang , Henan, 455000, China
| | - Quanwei Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang , Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Youlu Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
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Wang H. Endogenous and environmental signals in regulating vascular development and secondary growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1369241. [PMID: 38628366 PMCID: PMC11018896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1369241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science & Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for System Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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5
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Jiao Z, Wang J, Shi Y, Wang Z, Zhang J, Du Q, Liu B, Jia X, Niu J, Gu C, Lv P. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the EPF Gene Family in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3912. [PMID: 38005809 PMCID: PMC10674733 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) plays a crucial role in plant response to abiotic stress. While the EPF has been extensively studied in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, there is a lack of research on identifying EPF genes in the whole sorghum genome and its response to drought stress. In this study, we employed bioinformatics tools to identify 12 EPF members in sorghum. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that SbEPFs can be categorized into four branches. Further examination of the gene structure and protein conservation motifs of EPF family members demonstrated the high conservation of the SbEPF sequence. The promoter region of SbEPFs was found to encompass cis-elements responsive to stress and plant hormones. Moreover, real-time fluorescence quantitative results indicated that the SbEPFs have a tissue-specific expression. Under drought stress treatment, most SbEPF members were significantly up-regulated, indicating their potential role in drought response. Our research findings establish a foundation for investigating the function of SbEPFs and offer candidate genes for stress-resistant breeding and enhanced production in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Jiao
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yannan Shi
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Hebei Seed Management Station, Shijiazhuang 050031, China;
| | - Qi Du
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Bocheng Liu
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Xinyue Jia
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Jingtian Niu
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Chun Gu
- Hebei Xingtang County Agro-Technology Extension Center, Shijiazhuang 050600, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
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6
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Wang X, Mäkilä R, Mähönen AP. From procambium patterning to cambium activation and maintenance in the Arabidopsis root. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102404. [PMID: 37352651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In addition to primary growth, which elongates the plant body, many plant species also undergo secondary growth to thicken their body. During primary vascular development, a subset of the vascular cells, called procambium and pericycle, remain undifferentiated to later gain vascular cambium and cork cambium identity, respectively. These two cambia are the lateral meristems providing secondary growth. The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem, which give plants mechanical support and transport capacity. Cork cambium produces a protective layer called cork. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the formation of procambium and its gradual maturation to active cambium in the Arabidopsis thaliana root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Mäkilä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Yu TY, Gao TY, Li WJ, Cui DL. "Single-pole dual-control" competing mode in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1149522. [PMID: 37457334 PMCID: PMC10348426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1149522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant development and pattern formation depend on diffusible signals and location cues. These developmental signals and cues activate intracellular downstream components through cell surface receptors that direct cells to adopt specific fates for optimal function and establish biological fitness. There may be a single-pole dual-control competing mode in controlling plant development and microbial infection. In plant development, paracrine signaling molecules compete with autocrine signaling molecules to bind receptors or receptor complexes, turn on antagonistic molecular mechanisms, and precisely regulate developmental processes. In the process of microbial infection, two different signaling molecules, competing receptors or receptor complexes, form their respective signaling complexes, trigger opposite signaling pathways, establish symbiosis or immunity, and achieve biological adaptation. We reviewed several "single-pole dual-control" competing modes, focusing on analyzing the competitive commonality and characterization of "single-pole dual-control" molecular mechanisms. We suggest it might be an economical protective mechanism for plants' sequentially and iteratively programmed developmental events. This mechanism may also be a paradigm for reducing internal friction in the struggle and coexistence with microbes. It provides extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell-to-cell communication, and protein-protein interactions. A detailed understanding of the "single-pole dual-control" competing mode will contribute to the discovery of more receptors or antagonistic peptides, and lay the foundation for food, biofuel production, and crop improvement.
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8
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Hardtke CS. Phloem development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37243530 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the plant vascular system is a key process in Earth history because it enabled plants to conquer land and transform the terrestrial surface. Among the vascular tissues, the phloem is particularly intriguing because of its complex functionality. In angiosperms, its principal components are the sieve elements, which transport phloem sap, and their neighboring companion cells. Together, they form a functional unit that sustains sap loading, transport, and unloading. The developmental trajectory of sieve elements is unique among plant cell types because it entails selective organelle degradation including enucleation. Meticulous analyses of primary, so-called protophloem in the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem have revealed key steps in protophloem sieve element formation at single-cell resolution. A transcription factor cascade connects specification with differentiation and also orchestrates phloem pole patterning via noncell-autonomous action of sieve element-derived effectors. Reminiscent of vascular tissue patterning in secondary growth, these involve receptor kinase pathways, whose antagonists guide the progression of sieve element differentiation. Receptor kinase pathways may also safeguard phloem formation by maintaining the developmental plasticity of neighboring cell files. Our current understanding of protophloem development in the A. thaliana root has reached sufficient detail to instruct molecular-level investigation of phloem formation in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Hardtke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Guo T, Lu ZQ, Xiong Y, Shan JX, Ye WW, Dong NQ, Kan Y, Yang YB, Zhao HY, Yu HX, Guo SQ, Lei JJ, Liao B, Chai J, Lin HX. Optimization of rice panicle architecture by specifically suppressing ligand-receptor pairs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1640. [PMID: 36964129 PMCID: PMC10039049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice panicle architecture determines the grain number per panicle and therefore impacts grain yield. The OsER1-OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 pathway shapes panicle architecture by regulating cytokinin metabolism. However, the specific upstream ligands perceived by the OsER1 receptor are unknown. Here, we report that the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF)/EPF-LIKE (EPFL) small secreted peptide family members OsEPFL6, OsEPFL7, OsEPFL8, and OsEPFL9 synergistically contribute to rice panicle morphogenesis by recognizing the OsER1 receptor and activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Notably, OsEPFL6, OsEPFL7, OsEPFL8, and OsEPFL9 negatively regulate spikelet number per panicle, but OsEPFL8 also controls rice spikelet fertility. A osepfl6 osepfl7 osepfl9 triple mutant had significantly enhanced grain yield without affecting spikelet fertility, suggesting that specifically suppressing the OsEPFL6-OsER1, OsEPFL7-OsER1, and OsEPFL9-OsER1 ligand-receptor pairs can optimize rice panicle architecture. These findings provide a framework for fundamental understanding of the role of ligand-receptor signaling in rice panicle development and demonstrate a potential method to overcome the trade-off between spikelet number and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zi-Qi Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yehui Xiong
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Shan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wang-Wei Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Nai-Qian Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yi Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yi-Bing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huai-Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Xiao Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuang-Qin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie-Jie Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ben Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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10
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Shimadzu S, Furuya T, Kondo Y. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Establishment and Maintenance of Vascular Stem Cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:274-283. [PMID: 36398989 PMCID: PMC10599399 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system plays pivotal roles in transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant body. Primary vasculature is established as a continuous strand, which subsequently initiates secondary growth through cell division. Key factors regulating primary and secondary vascular developments have been identified in numerous studies, and the regulatory networks including these factors have been elucidated through omics-based approaches. However, the vascular system is composed of a variety of cells such as xylem and phloem cells, which are commonly generated from vascular stem cells. In addition, the vasculature is located deep inside the plant body, which makes it difficult to investigate the vascular development while distinguishing between vascular stem cells and developing xylem and phloem cells. Recent technical advances in the tissue-clearing method, RNA-seq analysis and tissue culture system overcome these problems by enabling the cell-type-specific analysis during vascular development, especially with a special focus on stem cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the establishment and maintenance of vascular stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Shimadzu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of
Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku,
Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuya
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of
Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan
University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577 Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of
Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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11
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Negoro S, Hirabayashi T, Iwasaki R, Torii KU, Uchida N. EPFL peptide signalling ensures robust self-pollination success under cool temperature stress by aligning the length of the stamen and pistil. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:451-463. [PMID: 36419209 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Successful sexual reproduction of plants requires temperature-sensitive processes, and temperature stress sometimes causes developmental asynchrony between male and female reproductive tissues. In Arabidopsis thaliana, self-pollination occurs when the stamen and pistil lengths are aligned in a single flower so that pollens at the stamen tip are delivered to the stigma at the pistil tip. Although intercellular signalling acts in several reproduction steps, how signalling molecules, including secreted peptides, contribute to the synchronous growth of reproductive tissues remains limited. Here, we show that the mutant of the secreted peptide EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR LIKE 6 (EPFL6), which shows no phenotypes at a moderate temperature, fails in fruit production at a cool temperature due to insufficient elongation of stamens. EPFL6 is expressed in stamen filaments and promotes filament elongation to achieve the alignment of stamen and pistil lengths at a cool temperature. We also found that, at a moderate temperature, all EPFL6-subfamily genes are required for stamen elongation. Furthermore, we showed that ERECTA (ER), known as a common receptor for EPFL-family peptides, mediates the stamen-pistil growth coordination. Lastly, we provided evidence that modulation of ER activity rescues the reproduction failure caused by insufficient stamen elongation by realigning the stamen and pistil lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Negoro
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomo Hirabayashi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rie Iwasaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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12
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Jiang H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Shang J, Sun X, Du J. Multifaceted roles of the ERECTA family in plant organ morphogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7208-7218. [PMID: 36056777 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) can participate in multiple signalling pathways and are considered one of the most critical components of the early events of intercellular signalling. As an RLK, the ERECTA family (ERf), which comprises ERECTA (ER), ERECTA-Like1 (ERL1), and ERECTA-Like2 (ERL2) in Arabidopsis, regulates multiple signalling pathways in plant growth and development. Despite its indispensability, detailed information on ERf-manipulated signalling pathways remains elusive. In this review, we attempt to summarize the essential roles of the ERf in plant organ morphogenesis, including shoot apical meristem, stem, and reproductive organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengke Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Shang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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13
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Turley EK, Etchells JP. Laying it on thick: a study in secondary growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:665-679. [PMID: 34655214 PMCID: PMC8793872 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of secondary vascular tissue enhances the transport capacity and mechanical strength of plant bodies, while contributing a huge proportion of the world's biomass in the form of wood. Cell divisions in the cambium, which constitutes the vascular meristem, provide progenitors from which conductive xylem and phloem are derived. The cambium is a somewhat unusual stem cell population in two respects, making it an interesting subject for developmental research. Firstly, it arises post-germination, and thus represents a model for understanding stem cell initiation beyond embryogenesis. Secondly, xylem and phloem differentiate on opposing sides of cambial stem cells, making them bifacial in nature. Recent discoveries in Arabidopsis thaliana have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the initiation, patterning, and maintenance of the cambium. In this review, the roles of intercellular signalling via mobile transcription factors, peptide-receptor modules, and phytohormones are described. Crosstalk between these regulatory pathways is becoming increasingly apparent, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Future study of the interaction between multiple independently identified regulators, as well as the functions of their orthologues in trees, will deepen our understanding of radial growth in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Turley
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - J Peter Etchells
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Correspondence:
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14
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Yuan B, Wang H. Peptide Signaling Pathways Regulate Plant Vascular Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:719606. [PMID: 34539713 PMCID: PMC8446620 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.719606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant small peptides, including CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) and Epidermal Patterning Factor-Like (EPFL) peptides, play pivotal roles in coordinating developmental processes through cell-cell communication. Recent studies have revealed that the phloem-derived CLE peptides, CLE41/44 and CLE42, promote (pro-)cambial cell proliferation and inhibit xylem cell differentiation. The endodermis-derived EPFL peptides, EPFL4 and EPFL6, modulate vascular development in the stem. Further, several other peptide ligands CLE9, CLE10, and CLE45 play crucial roles in regulating vascular development in the root. The peptide signaling pathways interact with each other and crosstalk with plant hormone signals. In this mini-review, we summtarize the recent advances on peptides function in vascular development and discuss future perspectives for the research of the CLE and EPFL peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Yuan
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for System Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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15
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Furuya T, Saito M, Uchimura H, Satake A, Nosaki S, Miyakawa T, Shimadzu S, Yamori W, Tanokura M, Fukuda H, Kondo Y. Gene co-expression network analysis identifies BEH3 as a stabilizer of secondary vascular development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2618-2636. [PMID: 34059919 PMCID: PMC8408481 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In plants, vascular stem cells located in the cambium continuously undergo self-renewal and differentiation during secondary growth. Recent advancements in cell sorting techniques have enabled access to the transcriptional regulatory framework of cambial cells. However, mechanisms underlying the robust control of vascular stem cells remain unclear. Here, we identified a new cambium-related regulatory module through co-expression network analysis using multiple transcriptome datasets obtained from an ectopic vascular cell transdifferentiation system using Arabidopsis cotyledons, Vascular cell Induction culture System Using Arabidopsis Leaves (VISUAL). The cambium gene list included a gene encoding the transcription factor BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3 (BEH3), whose homolog BES1 negatively affects vascular stem cell maintenance. Interestingly, null beh3 mutant alleles showed a large variation in their vascular size, indicating that BEH3 functions as a stabilizer of vascular stem cells. Genetic analysis revealed that BEH3 and BES1 perform opposite functions in the regulation of vascular stem cells and the differentiation of vascular cells in the context of the VISUAL system. At the biochemical level, BEH3 showed weak transcriptional repressor activity and functioned antagonistically to other BES/BZR members by competing for binding to the brassinosteroid response element. Furthermore, mathematical modeling suggested that the competitive relationship between BES/BZR homologs leads to the robust regulation of vascular stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furuya
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruka Uchimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shohei Nosaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shunji Shimadzu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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16
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Jangra R, Brunetti SC, Wang X, Kaushik P, Gulick PJ, Foroud NA, Wang S, Lee JS. Duplicated antagonistic EPF peptides optimize grass stomatal initiation. Development 2021; 148:271118. [PMID: 34328169 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptide signaling has emerged as a key component of plant growth and development, including stomatal patterning, which is crucial for plant productivity and survival. Although exciting progress has been made in understanding EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) signaling in Arabidopsis, the mechanisms by which EPF peptides control different stomatal patterns and morphologies in grasses are poorly understood. Here, by examining expression patterns, overexpression transgenics and cross-species complementation, the antagonistic stomatal ligands orthologous to Arabidopsis AtEPF2 and AtSTOMAGEN/AtEPFL9 peptides were identified in Triticum aestivum (wheat) and the grass model organism Brachypodium distachyon. Application of bioactive BdEPF2 peptides inhibited stomatal initiation, but not the progression or differentiation of stomatal precursors in Brachypodium. Additionally, the inhibitory roles of these EPF peptides during grass stomatal development were suppressed by the contrasting positive action of the BdSTOMAGEN peptide in a dose-dependent manner. These results not only demonstrate how conserved EPF peptides that control different stomatal patterns exist in nature, but also suggest new strategies to improve crop yield through the use of plant-derived antagonistic peptides that optimize stomatal density on the plant epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Jangra
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sabrina C Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Xutong Wang
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Patrick J Gulick
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jin Suk Lee
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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17
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Krizek BA, Bantle AT, Heflin JM, Han H, Freese NH, Loraine AE. AINTEGUMENTA and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 directly regulate floral homeotic, growth, and vascular development genes in young Arabidopsis flowers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5478-5493. [PMID: 34013313 PMCID: PMC8318262 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis flower primordia give rise to organ primordia in stereotypical positions within four concentric whorls. Floral organ primordia in each whorl undergo distinct developmental programs to become one of four organ types (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels). The Arabidopsis transcription factors AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 (AIL6) are required for correct positioning of floral organ initiation, contribute to the specification of floral organ identity, and regulate the growth and morphogenesis of developing floral organs. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which ANT and AIL6 contribute to floral organogenesis, we identified the genome-wide binding sites of both ANT and AIL6 in stage 3 flower primordia, the developmental stage at which sepal primordia become visible and class B and C floral homeotic genes are first expressed. AIL6 binds to a subset of ANT sites, suggesting that AIL6 regulates some but not all of the same target genes as ANT. ANT- and AIL6-binding sites are associated with genes involved in many biological processes related to meristem and flower organ development. Comparison of genes associated with both ANT and AIL6 ChIP-Seq peaks and those differentially expressed after perturbation of ANT and/or AIL6 activity identified likely direct targets of ANT and AIL6 regulation. These include class B and C floral homeotic genes, growth regulatory genes, and genes involved in vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Krizek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexis T Bantle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jorman M Heflin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nowlan H Freese
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ann E Loraine
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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18
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Sakai K, Citerne S, Antelme S, Le Bris P, Daniel S, Bouder A, D'Orlando A, Cartwright A, Tellier F, Pateyron S, Delannoy E, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Mouille G, Palauqui JC, Vogel J, Sibout R. BdERECTA controls vasculature patterning and phloem-xylem organization in Brachypodium distachyon. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:196. [PMID: 33892630 PMCID: PMC8067424 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular system of plants consists of two main tissue types, xylem and phloem. These tissues are organized into vascular bundles that are arranged into a complex network running through the plant that is essential for the viability of land plants. Despite their obvious importance, the genes involved in the organization of vascular tissues remain poorly understood in grasses. RESULTS We studied in detail the vascular network in stems from the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) and identified a large set of genes differentially expressed in vascular bundles versus parenchyma tissues. To decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms of vascularization in grasses, we conducted a forward genetic screen for abnormal vasculature. We identified a mutation that severely affected the organization of vascular tissues. This mutant displayed defects in anastomosis of the vascular network and uncommon amphivasal vascular bundles. The causal mutation is a premature stop codon in ERECTA, a LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase. Mutations in this gene are pleiotropic indicating that it serves multiple roles during plant development. This mutant also displayed changes in cell wall composition, gene expression and hormone homeostasis. CONCLUSION In summary, ERECTA has a pleiotropic role in Brachypodium. We propose a major role of ERECTA in vasculature anastomosis and vascular tissue organization in Brachypodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sakai
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | | | | | | | - Amy Cartwright
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, 94598, USA
| | - Frédérique Tellier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
| | | | - Gregory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Jean Christophe Palauqui
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - John Vogel
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, 94598, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France.
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19
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Herrmann A, Torii KU. Shouting out loud: signaling modules in the regulation of stomatal development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:765-780. [PMID: 33793896 PMCID: PMC8133662 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are small pores on the surface of land plants that facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. The function of stomata is pivotal for plant growth and survival. Intensive research on the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has discovered key peptide signaling pathways, transcription factors, and polarity components that together drive proper stomatal development and patterning. In this review, we focus on recent findings that have revealed co-option of peptide-receptor kinase signaling modules-utilized for diverse developmental processes and immune response. We further discuss an emerging connection between extrinsic signaling and intrinsic polarity modules. These findings have further enlightened our understanding of this fascinating developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Herrmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Author for communication:
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20
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Bagdassarian KS, Brown CM, Jones ET, Etchells P. Connections in the cambium, receptors in the ring. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:96-103. [PMID: 32866742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants, pluripotent cells in meristems divide to provide cells for the formation of postembryonic tissues. The cambium is the meristem from which the vascular tissue is derived and is the main driver for secondary (radial) growth in dicots. Xylem and phloem are specified on opposing sides of the cambium, and tightly regulated cell divisions ensure their spatial separation. Peptide ligands, phytohormones, and their receptors are central to maintaining this patterning and regulating proliferation. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of how these signals are integrated to control vascular development and secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine M Brown
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan T Jones
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Etchells
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
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21
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Kawamoto N, Del Carpio DP, Hofmann A, Mizuta Y, Kurihara D, Higashiyama T, Uchida N, Torii KU, Colombo L, Groth G, Simon R. A Peptide Pair Coordinates Regular Ovule Initiation Patterns with Seed Number and Fruit Size. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4352-4361.e4. [PMID: 32916111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana involves pattern formation, which ensures that ovules are regularly arranged in the pistils to reduce competition for nutrients and space. Mechanisms underlying pattern formation in plants, such as phyllotaxis, flower morphogenesis, or lateral root initiation, have been extensively studied, and genes controlling the initiation of ovules have been identified. However, the fundamental patterning mechanism that determines the spacing of ovule anlagen within the placenta remained unexplored. Using natural variation analysis combined with quantitative trait locus analysis, we found that the spacing of ovules in the developing gynoecium and fruits is controlled by two secreted peptides, EPFL2 and EPFL9 (also known as Stomagen), and their receptors from the ERECTA (ER) family that act from the carpel wall and the placental tissue. We found that a signaling pathway controlled by EPFL9 acting from the carpel wall through the LRR-receptor kinases ER, ERL1, and ERL2 promotes fruit growth. Regular spacing of ovules depends on EPFL2 expression in the carpel wall and in the inter-ovule spaces, where it acts through ERL1 and ERL2. Loss of EPFL2 signaling results in shorter gynoecia and fruits and irregular spacing of ovules or even ovule twinning. We propose that the EPFL2 signaling module evolved to control the initiation and regular, equidistant spacing of ovule primordia, which may serve to minimize competition between seeds or facilitate equal resource allocation. Together, EPFL2 and EPFL9 help to coordinate ovule patterning and thereby seed number with gynoecium and fruit growth through a set of shared receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Kawamoto
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dunia Pino Del Carpio
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Agriculture Research Division, Agriculture Victoria, Level 43 Rialto South 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University, University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yoko Mizuta
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; JST, PRESTO, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Universita degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Georg Groth
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Agriculture Research Division, Agriculture Victoria, Level 43 Rialto South 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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22
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Hoang NV, Park C, Kamran M, Lee JY. Gene Regulatory Network Guided Investigations and Engineering of Storage Root Development in Root Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:762. [PMID: 32625220 PMCID: PMC7313660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The plasticity of plant development relies on its ability to balance growth and stress resistance. To do this, plants have established highly coordinated gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of the transcription factors and signaling components involved in developmental processes and stress responses. In root crops, yields of storage roots are mainly determined by secondary growth driven by the vascular cambium. In relation to this, a dynamic yet intricate GRN should operate in the vascular cambium, in coordination with environmental changes. Despite the significance of root crops as food sources, GRNs wired to mediate secondary growth in the storage root have just begun to emerge, specifically with the study of the radish. Gene expression data available with regard to other important root crops are not detailed enough for us directly to infer underlying molecular mechanisms. Thus, in this review, we provide a general overview of the regulatory programs governing the development and functions of the vascular cambium in model systems, and the role of the vascular cambium on the growth and yield potential of the storage roots in root crops. We then undertake a reanalysis of recent gene expression data generated for major root crops and discuss common GRNs involved in the vascular cambium-driven secondary growth in storage roots using the wealth of information available in Arabidopsis. Finally, we propose future engineering schemes for improving root crop yields by modifying potential key nodes in GRNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam V. Hoang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chulmin Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Wang H. Regulation of vascular cambium activity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110322. [PMID: 31928672 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cambium contributes to lateral growth in dicotyledonous plants and gymnosperms. Physiological, genetics and molecular studies indicate that cambial activity is regulated by a combination of long-distance hormonal signals and short-range peptide signaling pathways. Communication from endodermis and phloem tissues also affects cambial stem cell proliferation. Interactions between these signaling pathways provide flexibility for vascular development. In this mini-review, we discuss the new findings in long- and short-range signaling pathways in regulating vascular cambium proliferation and provide future perspectives in the cambium research. Deep imaging and mathematical modeling will help further dissecting the functional mechanisms of cambial activity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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24
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Zhang J, Eswaran G, Alonso-Serra J, Kucukoglu M, Xiang J, Yang W, Elo A, Nieminen K, Damén T, Joung JG, Yun JY, Lee JH, Ragni L, Barbier de Reuille P, Ahnert SE, Lee JY, Mähönen AP, Helariutta Y. Transcriptional regulatory framework for vascular cambium development in Arabidopsis roots. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:1033-1042. [PMID: 31595065 PMCID: PMC6795544 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cambium, a lateral plant meristem, is a central producer of woody biomass. Although a few transcription factors have been shown to regulate cambial activity1, the phenotypes of the corresponding loss-of-function mutants are relatively modest, highlighting our limited understanding of the underlying transcriptional regulation. Here, we use cambium cell-specific transcript profiling followed by a combination of transcription factor network and genetic analyses to identify 62 new transcription factor genotypes displaying an array of cambial phenotypes. This approach culminated in virtual loss of cambial activity when both WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 4 (WOX4) and KNOTTED-like from Arabidopsis thaliana 1 (KNAT1; also known as BREVIPEDICELLUS) were mutated, thereby unlocking the genetic redundancy in the regulation of cambium development. We also identified transcription factors with dual functions in cambial cell proliferation and xylem differentiation, including WOX4, SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and PETAL LOSS (PTL). Using the transcription factor network information, we combined overexpression of the cambial activator WOX4 and removal of the putative inhibitor PTL to engineer Arabidopsis for enhanced radial growth. This line also showed ectopic cambial activity, thus further highlighting the central roles of WOX4 and PTL in cambium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gugan Eswaran
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan Alonso-Serra
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Melis Kucukoglu
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jiale Xiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Weibing Yang
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annakaisa Elo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Nieminen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teddy Damén
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yun
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Laura Ragni
- ZMBP-Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian E Ahnert
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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25
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Wang N, Bagdassarian KS, Doherty RE, Kroon JT, Connor KA, Wang XY, Wang W, Jermyn IH, Turner SR, Etchells JP. Organ-specific genetic interactions between paralogues of the PXY and ER receptor kinases enforce radial patterning in Arabidopsis vascular tissue. Development 2019; 146:dev.177105. [PMID: 31043420 DOI: 10.1242/dev.177105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In plants, cells do not migrate. Tissues are frequently arranged in concentric rings; thus, expansion of inner layers is coordinated with cell division and/or expansion of cells in outer layers. In Arabidopsis stems, receptor kinases, PXY and ER, genetically interact to coordinate vascular proliferation and organisation via inter-tissue signalling. The contribution of PXY and ER paralogues to stem patterning is not known, nor is their function understood in hypocotyls, which undergo considerable radial expansion. Here, we show that removal of all PXY and ER gene-family members results in profound cell division and organisation defects. In hypocotyls, these plants failed to transition to true radial growth. Gene expression analysis suggested that PXY and ER cross- and inter-family transcriptional regulation occurs, but it differs between stem and hypocotyl. Thus, PXY and ER signalling interact to coordinate development in a distinct manner in different organs. We anticipate that such specialised local regulatory relationships, where tissue growth is controlled via signals moving across tissue layers, may coordinate tissue layer expansion throughout the plant body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.,College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | | | - Rebecca E Doherty
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Johannes T Kroon
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Katherine A Connor
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Xiao Y Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ian H Jermyn
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Simon R Turner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - J Peter Etchells
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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26
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Fischer U, Kucukoglu M, Helariutta Y, Bhalerao RP. The Dynamics of Cambial Stem Cell Activity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:293-319. [PMID: 30822110 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell populations in meristematic tissues at distinct locations in the plant body provide the potency of continuous plant growth. Primary meristems, at the apices of the plant body, contribute mainly to the elongation of the main plant axes, whereas secondary meristems in lateral positions are responsible for the thickening of these axes. The stem cells of the vascular cambium-a secondary lateral meristem-produce the secondary phloem (bast) and secondary xylem (wood). The sites of primary and secondary growth are spatially separated, and mobile signals are expected to coordinate growth rates between apical and lateral stem cell populations. Although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been uncovered, it seems likely that hormones, peptides, and mechanical cues orchestrate primary and secondary growth. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge and recent discoveries of how cambial stem cell activity is regulated, with a focus on mobile signals and the response of cambial activity to environmental and stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Fischer
- KWS SAAT SE, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Melis Kucukoglu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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27
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Sun Q, Qu J, Yu Y, Yang Z, Wei S, Wu Y, Yang J, Peng Z. TaEPFL1, an EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE (EPFL) secreted peptide gene, is required for stamen development in wheat. Genetica 2019; 147:121-130. [PMID: 30911860 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Members of the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE (EPFL) family play diverse roles in plant growth and development, including the guidance of inflorescence architecture and pedicel length. In this work, we identified and characterized the EFPL gene TaEPFL1 from the wheat pistillody mutant HTS-1. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that TaEPFL1 belongs to the EPFL1 gene. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the TaEPFL1 gene is expressed at an abnormally high level in pistillody stamens compared with that in pistils and stamens. Heterologous expression of the TaEPFL1 gene in Arabidopsis caused shortened filaments and pedicels and might reduce the level of AtACO2 gene expression. These results suggest that TaEPFL1 plays an important role in the development of stamen and that overexpression of TaEPFL1 results in abnormal stamens. We deduced that the overexpression of the TaEPFL1 gene may contribute to the homeotic transformation of stamens into pistils or pistil-like structures in wheat. These data offer insights into the molecular mechanism of pistillody mutation in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Qu
- School of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuhong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengsong Peng
- School of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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28
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Uchida N, Torii KU. Stem cells within the shoot apical meristem: identity, arrangement and communication. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1067-1080. [PMID: 30523363 PMCID: PMC11105333 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are specific cells that renew themselves and also provide daughter cells for organ formation. In plants, primary stem cell populations are nurtured within shoot and root apical meristems (SAM and RAM) for the production of aerial and underground parts, respectively. This review article summarizes recent progress on control of stem cells in the SAM from studies of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To that end, a brief overview of the RAM is provided first to emphasize similarities and differences between the two apical meristems, which would help in better understanding of stem cells in the SAM. Subsequently, we will discuss in depth how stem cells are arranged in an organized manner in the SAM, how dynamically the stem cell identity is regulated, what factors participate in stem cell control, and how intercellular communication by mobile signals modulates stem cell behaviors within the SAM. Remaining questions and perspectives are also presented for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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29
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Kondo Y. Reconstitutive approach for investigating plant vascular development. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:23-29. [PMID: 29181650 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants generate various tissues and organs via a strictly regulated developmental program. The plant vasculature is a complex tissue system consisting of xylem and phloem tissues with a layer of cambial cells in between. Multiple regulatory steps are involved in vascular development. Although molecular and genetic studies have uncovered a variety of key factors controlling vascular development, studies of the actual functions of these factors have been limited due to the inaccessibility of the plant vasculature. Thus, to obtain a different perspective, culture systems have been widely used to analyze the sequential processes that occur during vascular development. A tissue culture system known as VISUAL, in which molecular genetic analysis can easily be performed, was recently established in Arabidopsis thaliana. This reconstitutive approach to vascular development enables this process to be investigated quickly and easily. In this review, I summarize our recent knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms underlying vascular development and provide future perspectives on vascular analyses that can be performed using VISUAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kondo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan.
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30
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Ragni L, Greb T. Secondary growth as a determinant of plant shape and form. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 79:58-67. [PMID: 28864343 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the primary producers of biomass on earth. As an almost stereotypic feature, higher plants generate continuously growing bodies mediated by the activity of different groups of stem cells, the meristems. Shoot and root thickening is one of the fundamental growth processes determining form and function of these bodies. Mediated by a group of cylindrical meristems located below organ surfaces, vascular and protective tissues are continuously generated in a highly plastic manner, a competence essential for the survival in an ever changing environment. Acknowledging the fundamental role of this process, which is overall designated as secondary growth, we discuss in this review our current knowledge about the evolution and molecular regulation of the vascular cambium. The cambium is the meristem responsible for the formation of wood and bast, the two types of vascular tissues important for long-distance transport of water and assimilates, respectively. Although regulatory patterns are only beginning to emerge, we show that cambium activity represents a highly rewarding model for studying cell fate decisions, tissue patterning and differentiation, which has experienced an outstanding phylogenetic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ragni
- ZMBP, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Kucukoglu M, Nilsson J, Zheng B, Chaabouni S, Nilsson O. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4)-like genes regulate cambial cell division activity and secondary growth in Populus trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:642-657. [PMID: 28609015 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary growth derives from the meristematic activity of the vascular cambium. In Arabidopsis thaliana, cell divisions in the cambium are regulated by the transcription factor WOX4, a key target of the CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)-RELATED 41 (CLE41) signaling pathway. However, function of the WOX4-like genes in plants that are dependent on a much more prolific secondary growth, such as trees, remains unclear. Here, we investigate the role of WOX4 and CLE41 homologs for stem secondary growth in Populus trees. In Populus, PttWOX4 genes are specifically expressed in the cambial region during vegetative growth, but not after growth cessation and during dormancy, possibly involving a regulation by auxin. In PttWOX4a/b RNAi trees, primary growth was not affected whereas the width of the vascular cambium was severely reduced and secondary growth was greatly diminished. Our data show that in Populus trees, PttWOX4 genes control cell division activity in the vascular cambium, and hence growth in stem girth. This activity involves the positive regulation of PttWOX4a/b through PttCLE41-related genes. Finally, expression profiling suggests that the CLE41 signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved program for the regulation of vascular cambium activity between angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Kucukoglu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Salma Chaabouni
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
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32
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Ikematsu S, Tasaka M, Torii KU, Uchida N. ERECTA-family receptor kinase genes redundantly prevent premature progression of secondary growth in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1697-1709. [PMID: 27891614 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary growth is driven by continuous cell proliferation and differentiation of the cambium that acts as vascular stem cells, producing xylem and phloem to expand vascular tissues laterally. During secondary growth of hypocotyls in Arabidopsis thaliana, the xylem undergoes a drastic phase transition from a parenchyma-producing phase to a fiber-producing phase at the appropriate time. However, it remains to be fully elucidated how progression of secondary growth is properly controlled. We focused on phenotypes of hypocotyl vasculatures caused by double mutation in ERECTA (ER) and ER-LIKE1 (ERL1) receptor-kinase genes to elucidate their roles in secondary growth. ER and ERL1 redundantly suppressed excessive radial growth of the hypocotyl vasculature during secondary growth. ER and ERL1 also prevented premature initiation of the fiber differentiation process mediated by the NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTORs in the hypocotyl xylem. Upon floral transition, the hypocotyl xylem gained a competency to respond to GA in a BREVIPEDICELLUS-dependent manner, which was a prerequisite for fiber differentiation. However, even after the floral transition, ER and ERL1 prevented precocious initiation of the GA-mediated fiber formation. Collectively, our findings reveal that ER and ERL1 redundantly prevent premature progression of sequential events in secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuka Ikematsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masao Tasaka
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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33
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Barra-Jiménez A, Ragni L. Secondary development in the stem: when Arabidopsis and trees are closer than it seems. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 35:145-151. [PMID: 28013083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary growth, the increase in girth of plant organs, is primarily driven by the vascular and cork cambium. In perennial dicotyledons and gymnosperms, it represents a major source of biomass accumulation in the form of wood. However, the molecular framework underlying secondary growth is largely based on studies in the annual herbaceous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In this review, we will focus on a selection of major regulators of stem secondary growth, which have recently been shown to play a role in woody species. In particular, we will focus on thermospermine and its bivalent role in controlling xylem differentiation and cell proliferation and we will highlight the contributions of the different LRR-Receptor-Like Kinase signaling hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Barra-Jiménez
- ZMBP-Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Ragni
- ZMBP-Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
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34
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Cho H, Dang TVT, Hwang I. Emergence of plant vascular system: roles of hormonal and non-hormonal regulatory networks. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 35:91-97. [PMID: 27918941 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The divergence of land plants followed by vascular plants has entirely changed the terrestrial ecology. The vascular system is a prerequisite for this evolutionary event, providing upright stature and communication for sink demand-source capacity and facilitating the development of plants and colonization over a wide range of environmental habitats. Various hormonal and non-hormonal regulatory networks have been identified and reviewed as key processes for vascular formation; however, how these factors have evolutionarily emerged and interconnected to trigger the emergence of the vascular system still remains elusive. Here, to understand the intricacy of cross-talks among these factors, we highlight how core hormonal signaling and transcriptional networks are coalesced into the appearance of vascular plants during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuong Vi T Dang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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Tameshige T, Ikematsu S, Torii KU, Uchida N. Stem development through vascular tissues: EPFL-ERECTA family signaling that bounces in and out of phloem. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:45-53. [PMID: 27965367 PMCID: PMC5854166 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells communicate with each other using a variety of signaling molecules. Recent studies have revealed that various types of secreted peptides, as well as phytohormones known since long ago, mediate cell-cell communication in diverse contexts of plant life. These peptides affect cellular activities, such as proliferation and cell fate decisions, through their perception by cell surface receptors located on the plasma membrane of target cells. ERECTA (ER), an Arabidopsis thaliana receptor kinase gene, was first identified as a stem growth regulator, and since then an increasing number of studies have shown that ER is involved in a wide range of developmental and physiological processes. In particular, molecular functions of ER have been extensively studied in stomatal patterning. Furthermore, the importance of ER signaling in vascular tissues of inflorescence stems, especially in phloem cells, has recently been highlighted. In this review article, first we briefly summarize the history of ER research including studies on stomatal development, then introduce ER functions in vascular tissues, and discuss its interactions with phytohormones and other receptor kinase signaling pathways. Future questions and challenges will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tameshige
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shuka Ikematsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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36
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Etchells JP, Turner SR. Realizing pipe dreams - a detailed picture of vascular development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1-4. [PMID: 28013229 PMCID: PMC5183087 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Etchells
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK,
| | - Simon R Turner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Abstract
Vascular tissue, comprising xylem and phloem, is responsible for the transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant body. Such tissue is continually produced from stable populations of stem cells, specifically the procambium during primary growth and the cambium during secondary growth. As the majority of plant biomass is produced by the cambium, there is an obvious demand for an understanding of the genetic mechanisms that control the rate of vascular cell division. Moreover, wood is an industrially important product of the cambium, and research is beginning to uncover similar mechanisms in trees such as poplar. This review focuses upon recent work that has identified the major molecular pathways that regulate procambial and cambial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Campbell
- University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Turner
- University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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38
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Qu X, Zhao Z, Tian Z. ERECTA Regulates Cell Elongation by Activating Auxin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1688. [PMID: 29021806 PMCID: PMC5623719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ERECTA family genes, ERECTA (ER), ERECTA-LIKE1 (ERL1), and ERECTA-LIKE2 (ERL2), encode leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Knocking out these three genes can cause severe phenotypes, which indicates that they play significant roles in plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanism within remains unclear. Here we show that the short hypocotyl phenotypes of er erl1 erl2 mutants are mainly due to the defects of cell elongation rather than the cell division. In contrast, in the ERECTA overexpression transgenic plants, the hypocotyl length is increased with elongated cells. Moreover, we show that the er erl1 erl2 triple mutant contains a low level of auxin, and the expression levels of the key auxin biosynthesis genes are significantly reduced. Consistent with this observation, increasing exogenous or endogenous auxin levels could partially rescue the cell elongation defects of the er erl1 erl2 triple mutant. Therefore, our results provide a molecular basis for auxin mediated ERECTA control of the hypocotyl length in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhong Zhao
- *Correspondence: Zhong Zhao, Zhaoxia Tian,
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A Secreted Peptide and Its Receptors Shape the Auxin Response Pattern and Leaf Margin Morphogenesis. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2478-2485. [PMID: 27593376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Secreted peptides mediate intercellular communication [1, 2]. Several secreted peptides in the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE (EPFL) family regulate morphogenesis of tissues, such as stomata and inflorescences in plants [3-15]. The biological functions of other EPFL family members remain unknown. Here, we show that the EPFL2 gene is required for growth of leaf teeth. EPFL2 peptide physically interacts with ERECTA (ER) family receptor-kinases and, accordingly, the attenuation of ER family activities leads to formation of toothless leaves. During the tooth growth process, responses to the phytohormone auxin are maintained at tips of the teeth to promote their growth [16-19]. In the growing tooth tip of epfl2 and multiple er family mutants, the auxin response becomes broader. Conversely, overexpression of EPFL2 diminishes the auxin response, indicating that the EPFL2 signal restricts the auxin response to the tooth tip. Interestingly, the tip-specific auxin response in turn organizes characteristic expression patterns of ER family and EPFL2 by enhancing ER family expression at the tip while eliminating the EPFL2 expression from the tip. Our findings identify the novel ligand-receptor pairs promoting the tooth growth, and further reveal a feedback circuit between the peptide-receptor system and auxin response as a mechanism for maintaining proper auxin maxima during leaf margin morphogenesis.
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Leida C, Dal Rì A, Dalla Costa L, Gómez MD, Pompili V, Sonego P, Engelen K, Masuero D, Ríos G, Moser C. Insights into the Role of the Berry-Specific Ethylene Responsive Factor VviERF045. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1793. [PMID: 28018369 PMCID: PMC5146979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During grape ripening, numerous transcriptional and metabolic changes are required in order to obtain colored, sweet, and flavored berries. There is evidence that ethylene, together with other signals, plays an important role in triggering the onset of ripening. Here, we report the functional characterization of a berry-specific Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF), VviERF045, which is induced just before véraison and peaks at ripening. Phylogenetic analysis revealed it is close to the SHINE clade of ERFs, factors involved in the regulation of wax biosynthesis and cuticle morphology. Transgenic grapevines lines overexpressing VviERF045 were obtained, in vitro propagated, phenotypically characterized, and analyzed for the content of specific classes of metabolites. The effect of VviERF045 was correlated with the level of transgene expression, with high-expressing lines showing stunted growth, discolored and smaller leaves, and a lower level of chlorophylls and carotenoids. One line with intermediate expression, L15, was characterized at the transcriptomic level and showed 573 differentially expressed genes compared to wild type plants. Microscopy and gene expression analyses point toward a major role of VviERF045 in epidermis patterning by acting on waxes and cuticle. They also indicate that VviERF045 affects phenolic secondary metabolism and induces a reaction resembling a plant immune response with modulation of receptor like-kinases and pathogen related genes. These results suggest also a possible role of this transcription factor in berry ripening, likely related to changes in epidermis and cuticle of the berry, cell expansion, a decrease in photosynthetic capacity, and the activation of several defense related genes as well as from the phenylpropanoid metabolism. All these processes occur in the berry during ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Leida
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carmen Leida,
| | - Antonio Dal Rì
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Maria D. Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Valerio Pompili
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Fruit Tree Breeding Department, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones AgrariasMoncada, Spain
| | - Claudio Moser
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
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Etchells JP, Smit ME, Gaudinier A, Williams CJ, Brady SM. A brief history of the TDIF-PXY signalling module: balancing meristem identity and differentiation during vascular development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:474-84. [PMID: 26414535 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
474 I. 474 II. 475 III. 475 IV. 477 V. 477 VI. 477 VII. 479 VIII. 481 482 References 482 SUMMARY: A significant proportion of terrestrial biomass is constituted of xylem cells that make up woody plant tissue. Xylem is required for water transport, and is present in the vascular tissue with a second conductive tissue, phloem, required primarily for nutrient transport. Both xylem and phloem are derived from cell divisions in vascular meristems known as the cambium and procambium. One major component that influences several aspects of plant vascular development, including cell division in the vascular meristem, vascular organization and differentiation of vascular cell types, is a signalling module characterized by a peptide ligand called TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF) and its cognate receptor, PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM (PXY). In this review, we explore the literature that describes signalling components, phytohormones and transcription factors that interact with these two central factors, to control the varying outputs required in vascular tissues for normal organization and elaboration of plant vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Etchells
- Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Margot E Smit
- Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Allison Gaudinier
- Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Clara J Williams
- Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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42
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Kondo Y, Fukuda H. The TDIF signaling network. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 28:106-110. [PMID: 26550938 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are coordinately controlled by intercellular signaling molecules. CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) peptides are crucial intercellular signaling molecules that control plant meristem maintenance. CLE peptides are perceived by plasma membrane-located receptor-like kinases, followed by the initiation of intracellular signaling cascades. Recent studies have uncovered these intracellular signaling networks involving signal divergence and integration. This review summarizes recent advances in the study of TDIF peptide signaling pathway, a representative model of CLE peptide signaling, focusing on newly uncovered biological functions and unique signal transduction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kondo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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43
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Kucukoglu M, Nilsson O. CLE peptide signaling in plants - the power of moving around. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:74-87. [PMID: 26096704 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)-RELATED (CLE) gene family encodes small secreted peptide ligands in plants. These peptides function non-cell autonomously through interactions with plasma membrane-associated LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASEs (LRR-RLKs). These interactions are critical for cell-to-cell communications and control a variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants, such as regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the meristems, embryo and endosperm development, vascular development and autoregulation of nodulation. Here, we review the current knowledge in the field of CLE polypeptide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Kucukoglu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
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44
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Nieminen K, Blomster T, Helariutta Y, Mähönen AP. Vascular Cambium Development. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2015; 13:e0177. [PMID: 26078728 PMCID: PMC4463761 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Secondary phloem and xylem tissues are produced through the activity of vascular cambium, the cylindrical secondary meristem which arises among the primary plant tissues. Most dicotyledonous species undergo secondary development, among them Arabidopsis. Despite its small size and herbaceous nature, Arabidopsis displays prominent secondary growth in several organs, including the root, hypocotyl and shoot. Together with the vast genetic resources and molecular research methods available for it, this has made Arabidopsis a versatile and accessible model organism for studying cambial development and wood formation. In this review, we discuss and compare the development and function of the vascular cambium in the Arabidopsis root, hypocotyl, and shoot. We describe the current understanding of the molecular regulation of vascular cambium and compare it to the function of primary meristems. We conclude with a look at the future prospects of cambium research, including opportunities provided by phenotyping and modelling approaches, complemented by studies of natural variation and comparative genetic studies in perennial and woody plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Nieminen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Green Technology, Vantaa 01301, Finland
| | - Tiina Blomster
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
- Cardiff University Cardiff School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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45
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Jouannet V, Brackmann K, Greb T. (Pro)cambium formation and proliferation: two sides of the same coin? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 23:54-60. [PMID: 25449727 PMCID: PMC4353845 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The body of higher plants is usually pervaded by the (pro)cambium, a reticulate system of meristematic cells harboring the potential for producing vascular tissues at critical times and places. The (pro)cambium thereby provides the basis for the differential modulation of long-distance transport capacities and plant body stability. Distinct regulatory networks responsible for the initiation and proliferation of (pro)cambium cells have been identified. However, although a tight interaction between these networks can be expected, connections have been established only sporadically. Here we highlight recent discoveries of how (pro)cambium development is regulated and discuss possible interfaces between networks regulating two processes: (pro)cambium formation and cambium proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Jouannet
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Brackmann
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Greb
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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46
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Endo S, Betsuyaku S, Fukuda H. Endogenous peptide ligand-receptor systems for diverse signaling networks in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 21:140-146. [PMID: 25113600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous peptide ligand-receptor systems regulate cell-cell communications in various developmental processes in plants. Recent studies have revealed that the peptide-receptor combinations are not simply one-on-one with single roles. One peptide activates multiple downstream signaling through different receptors, while one receptor transmits different signals depending on peptide partners. Peptide signaling pathways also crosstalk with signaling pathways of phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroids. Furthermore, environmental cues such as temperature, nutrient, and microbes activate or inactivate peptide signaling pathways, which in turn modulate developmental processes. This report summarizes recent advance on peptide-receptor signaling, which makes a signaling network with phytohormone signaling pathways and environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Endo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Betsuyaku
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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47
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Engineer CB, Ghassemian M, Anderson JC, Peck SC, Hu H, Schroeder JI. Carbonic anhydrases, EPF2 and a novel protease mediate CO2 control of stomatal development. Nature 2014; 513:246-50. [PMID: 25043023 PMCID: PMC4274335 DOI: 10.1038/nature13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stimuli, including elevated carbon dioxide levels, regulate stomatal development; however, the key mechanisms mediating the perception and relay of the CO2 signal to the stomatal development machinery remain elusive. To adapt CO2 intake to water loss, plants regulate the development of stomatal gas exchange pores in the aerial epidermis. A diverse range of plant species show a decrease in stomatal density in response to the continuing rise in atmospheric CO2 (ref. 4). To date, one mutant that exhibits deregulation of this CO2-controlled stomatal development response, hic (which is defective in cell-wall wax biosynthesis, ref. 5), has been identified. Here we show that recently isolated Arabidopsis thaliana β-carbonic anhydrase double mutants (ca1 ca4) exhibit an inversion in their response to elevated CO2, showing increased stomatal development at elevated CO2 levels. We characterized the mechanisms mediating this response and identified an extracellular signalling pathway involved in the regulation of CO2-controlled stomatal development by carbonic anhydrases. RNA-seq analyses of transcripts show that the extracellular pro-peptide-encoding gene EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 (EPF2), but not EPF1 (ref. 9), is induced in wild-type leaves but not in ca1 ca4 mutant leaves at elevated CO2 levels. Moreover, EPF2 is essential for CO2 control of stomatal development. Using cell-wall proteomic analyses and CO2-dependent transcriptomic analyses, we identified a novel CO2-induced extracellular protease, CRSP (CO2 RESPONSE SECRETED PROTEASE), as a mediator of CO2-controlled stomatal development. Our results identify mechanisms and genes that function in the repression of stomatal development in leaves during atmospheric CO2 elevation, including the carbonic-anhydrase-encoding genes CA1 and CA4 and the secreted protease CRSP, which cleaves the pro-peptide EPF2, in turn repressing stomatal development. Elucidation of these mechanisms advances the understanding of how plants perceive and relay the elevated CO2 signal and provides a framework to guide future research into how environmental challenges can modulate gas exchange in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cawas B Engineer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Scott C Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Honghong Hu
- 1] Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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48
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Marmiroli N, Maestri E. Plant peptides in defense and signaling. Peptides 2014; 56:30-44. [PMID: 24681437 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on plant peptides involved in defense against pathogen infection and those involved in the regulation of growth and development. Defense peptides, defensins, cyclotides and anti-microbial peptides are compared and contrasted. Signaling peptides are classified according to their major sites of activity. Finally, a network approach to creating an interactomic peptide map is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Elena Maestri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Kajala K, Ramakrishna P, Fisher A, C. Bergmann D, De Smet I, Sozzani R, Weijers D, Brady SM. Omics and modelling approaches for understanding regulation of asymmetric cell divisions in arabidopsis and other angiosperm plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 113:1083-1105. [PMID: 24825294 PMCID: PMC4030820 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric cell divisions are formative divisions that generate daughter cells of distinct identity. These divisions are coordinated by either extrinsic ('niche-controlled') or intrinsic regulatory mechanisms and are fundamentally important in plant development. SCOPE This review describes how asymmetric cell divisions are regulated during development and in different cell types in both the root and the shoot of plants. It further highlights ways in which omics and modelling approaches have been used to elucidate these regulatory mechanisms. For example, the regulation of embryonic asymmetric divisions is described, including the first divisions of the zygote, formative vascular divisions and divisions that give rise to the root stem cell niche. Asymmetric divisions of the root cortex endodermis initial, pericycle cells that give rise to the lateral root primordium, procambium, cambium and stomatal cells are also discussed. Finally, a perspective is provided regarding the role of other hormones or regulatory molecules in asymmetric divisions, the presence of segregated determinants and the usefulness of modelling approaches in understanding network dynamics within these very special cells. CONCLUSIONS Asymmetric cell divisions define plant development. High-throughput genomic and modelling approaches can elucidate their regulation, which in turn could enable the engineering of plant traits such as stomatal density, lateral root development and wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kajala
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Priya Ramakrishna
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Adam Fisher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dominique C. Bergmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ive De Smet
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siobhan M. Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Zhang J, Nieminen K, Serra JAA, Helariutta Y. The formation of wood and its control. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 17:56-63. [PMID: 24507495 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wood continues to increase in importance as a sustainable source of energy and shelter. Wood formation is a dynamic process derived from plant secondary (radial) growth. Several experimental systems have been employed to study wood formation and its regulation. The use of genetic manipulation approaches and genome-wide analyses in model plants have significantly advanced our understanding of wood formation. In this review, we provide an update of our knowledge of the genetic and hormonal regulation of wood formation based on research in different plants systems, as well as considering the subject from an evo-devo perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Nieminen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 18, 01301 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Juan Antonio Alonso Serra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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