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Hanlon MT, Vejchasarn P, Fonta JE, Schneider HM, McCouch SR, Brown KM. Genome wide association analysis of root hair traits in rice reveals novel genomic regions controlling epidermal cell differentiation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:6. [PMID: 36597029 PMCID: PMC9811729 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome wide association (GWA) studies demonstrate linkages between genetic variants and traits of interest. Here, we tested associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rice (Oryza sativa) and two root hair traits, root hair length (RHL) and root hair density (RHD). Root hairs are outgrowths of single cells on the root epidermis that aid in nutrient and water acquisition and have also served as a model system to study cell differentiation and tip growth. Using lines from the Rice Diversity Panel-1, we explored the diversity of root hair length and density across four subpopulations of rice (aus, indica, temperate japonica, and tropical japonica). GWA analysis was completed using the high-density rice array (HDRA) and the rice reference panel (RICE-RP) SNP sets. RESULTS We identified 18 genomic regions related to root hair traits, 14 of which related to RHD and four to RHL. No genomic regions were significantly associated with both traits. Two regions overlapped with previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with root hair density in rice. We identified candidate genes in these regions and present those with previously published expression data relevant to root hair development. We re-phenotyped a subset of lines with extreme RHD phenotypes and found that the variation in RHD was due to differences in cell differentiation, not cell size, indicating genes in an associated genomic region may influence root hair cell fate. The candidate genes that we identified showed little overlap with previously characterized genes in rice and Arabidopsis. CONCLUSIONS Root hair length and density are quantitative traits with complex and independent genetic control in rice. The genomic regions described here could be used as the basis for QTL development and further analysis of the genetic control of root hair length and density. We present a list of candidate genes involved in root hair formation and growth in rice, many of which have not been previously identified as having a relation to root hair growth. Since little is known about root hair growth in grasses, these provide a guide for further research and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith T Hanlon
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Phanchita Vejchasarn
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani Rice Research Center, Ubon Ratchathani, 34000, Thailand
| | - Jenna E Fonta
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hannah M Schneider
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Susan R McCouch
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
- Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Hendriks PW, Ryan PR, Hands P, Rolland V, Gurusinghe S, Weston LA, Rebetzke GJ, Delhaize E. Selection for early shoot vigour in wheat increases root hair length but reduces epidermal cell size of roots and leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2499-2510. [PMID: 35195714 PMCID: PMC9015806 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Six cycles of recurrent selection for early shoot vigour in wheat resulted in significant increases in leaf width and shoot biomass. Here, in replicated controlled-environment studies, the effect of early shoot vigour on root biomass, rhizosheath size, root hair length, and cell size in the roots and leaves was examined across different cycles of selection. Increased shoot vigour was associated with greater root biomass, larger rhizosheath size, and longer root hairs. Our findings demonstrate that rhizosheath size was a reliable surrogate for root hair length in this germplasm. Examination of the root epidermis revealed that the 'cell body' of the trichoblasts (hair-forming cells) and the atrichoblasts (non-hair-forming cells) decreased in size as shoot vigour increased. Therefore, in higher vigour germplasm, longer root hairs emerged from smaller trichoblasts so that total trichoblast volume (root hair plus cell body) was generally similar regardless of shoot vigour. Similarly, the sizes of the four main cell types on the leaf epidermis became progressively smaller as shoot vigour increased, which also increased stomatal density. The relationship between shoot vigour and root traits is considered, and the potential contribution of below-ground root traits to performance and competitiveness of high vigour germplasm is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Willem Hendriks
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Charles Sturt University, School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga-Wagga, 14 NSW, 2650, Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter R Ryan
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Philip Hands
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Vivien Rolland
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Saliya Gurusinghe
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Leslie A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | | | - Emmanuel Delhaize
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, Australian National University Node, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
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Raissig MT, Woods DP. The wild grass Brachypodium distachyon as a developmental model system. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 147:33-71. [PMID: 35337454 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The arrival of cheap and high-throughput sequencing paired with efficient gene editing technologies allows us to use non-traditional model systems and mechanistically approach biological phenomena beyond what was conceivable just a decade ago. Venturing into different model systems enables us to explore for example clade-specific environmental responses to changing climates or the genetics and development of clade-specific organs, tissues and cell types. We-both early career researchers working with the wild grass model Brachypodium distachyon-want to use this review to (1) highlight why we think B. distachyon is a fantastic grass developmental model system, (2) summarize the tools and resources that have enabled discoveries made in B. distachyon, and (3) discuss a handful of developmental biology vignettes made possible by using B. distachyon as a model system. Finally, we want to conclude by (4) relating our personal stories with this emerging model system and (5) share what we think is important to consider before starting work with an emerging model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Raissig
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel P Woods
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States.
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Gajek K, Janiak A, Korotko U, Chmielewska B, Marzec M, Szarejko I. Whole Exome Sequencing-Based Identification of a Novel Gene Involved in Root Hair Development in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413411. [PMID: 34948205 PMCID: PMC8709170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Root hairs play a crucial role in anchoring plants in soil, interaction with microorganisms and nutrient uptake from the rhizosphere. In contrast to Arabidopsis, there is a limited knowledge of root hair morphogenesis in monocots, including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We have isolated barley mutant rhp1.e with an abnormal root hair phenotype after chemical mutagenesis of spring cultivar ‘Sebastian’. The development of root hairs was initiated in the mutant but inhibited at the very early stage of tip growth. The length of root hairs reached only 3% of the length of parent cultivar. Using a whole exome sequencing (WES) approach, we identified G1674A mutation in the HORVU1Hr1G077230 gene, located on chromosome 1HL and encoding a cellulose synthase-like C1 protein (HvCSLC1) that might be involved in the xyloglucan (XyG) synthesis in root hairs. The identified mutation led to the retention of the second intron and premature termination of the HvCSLC1 protein. The mutation co-segregated with the abnormal root hair phenotype in the F2 progeny of rhp1.e mutant and its wild-type parent. Additionally, different substitutions in HORVU1Hr1G077230 were found in four other allelic mutants with the same root hair phenotype. Here, we discuss the putative role of HvCSLC1 protein in root hair tube elongation in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gajek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Urszula Korotko
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Chmielewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marek Marzec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (A.J.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska‐Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon‐Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:973-1122. [PMID: 34608637 PMCID: PMC8518129 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T. Freschet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSHCentre PACA, site AgroparcINRAE84914Avignon cedex 9France
| | - Colleen M. Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Louise H. Comas
- USDA‐ARS Water Management Research Unit2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320Fort CollinsCO80526USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1190Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of Botany CASDukelska 13537901TrebonCzech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesParkowa 562‐035KórnikPoland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG‐2)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHD‐52425JülichGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | | | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska‐Zadworna
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661-614PoznańPoland
| | - A. Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee,DD2 5DAUK
- School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of DundeeDundee,DD1 4HNUK
| | | | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1085Amsterdam1081 HVthe Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Functional Forest EcologyUniversity of HamburgHaidkrugsweg 122885BarsbütelGermany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 476700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University935 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONP3E 2C6Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental SciencesCMLLeiden UniversityLeiden2300 RAthe Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAEAMAPCIRAD, IRDCNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier34000France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 21-23Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia140 E. Green StreetAthensGA30602USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for ClimateUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem StudiesMillbrookNY12545USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Goiás1974690-900Goiânia, GoiásBrazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley (Perth)WA 6009Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawley (Perth)WAAustralia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - M. Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree ScienceMorton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53LisleIL60532USA
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6
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon-Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021. [PMID: 34608637 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572.hal-03379708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSH, Centre PACA, site Agroparc, INRAE, 84914, Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Louise H Comas
- USDA-ARS Water Management Research Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelska 135, 37901, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Johannes A Postma
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas S Adams
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee,, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee,, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Haidkrugsweg 1, 22885, Barsbütel, Germany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAE, AMAP, CIRAD, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, 19, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
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Marzec M, Daszkowska-Golec A, Collin A, Melzer M, Eggert K, Szarejko I. Barley strigolactone signalling mutant hvd14.d reveals the role of strigolactones in abscisic acid-dependent response to drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2239-2253. [PMID: 32501539 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of plant hormones involved in many aspects of plant development and stress adaptation. Here, we investigated the drought response of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant carrying a missense mutation in the gene encoding the SL-specific receptor HvD14. Our results clearly showed that hvd14.d mutant is hyper-sensitive to drought stress. This was illustrated by a lower leaf relative water content (RWC), impaired photosynthesis, disorganization of chloroplast structure, altered stomatal density and slower closure of stomata in response to drought in the mutant compared to the wild type parent cultivar Sebastian. Although the content of abscisic acid (ABA) and its derivatives remained unchanged in the mutant, significant differences in expression of genes related to ABA biosynthesis were observed. Moreover, hvd14.d was insensitive to ABA during seed germination. Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutant atd14-1 also demonstrated that mutation in the SL receptor resulted in increased sensitivity to drought. Our results indicate that the drought-sensitive phenotype of barley SL mutant might be caused by a disturbed ABA metabolism and/or signalling pathways. These results together uncovered a link between SL signalling and ABA-dependent drought stress response in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Collin
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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8
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Hertig C, Melzer M, Rutten T, Erbe S, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Weschke W, Weber H, Thiel J. Barley HISTIDINE KINASE 1 (HvHK1) coordinates transfer cell specification in the young endosperm. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1869-1884. [PMID: 32530511 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cereal endosperm represents the most important source of the world's food; nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying cell and tissue differentiation in cereal grains remain poorly understood. Endosperm cellularization commences at the maternal-filial intersection of grains and generates endosperm transfer cells (ETCs), a cell type with a prominent anatomy optimized for efficient nutrient transport. Barley HISTIDINE KINASE1 (HvHK1) was identified as a receptor component with spatially restricted expression in the syncytial endosperm where ETCs emerge. Here, we demonstrate its function in ETC fate acquisition using RNA interference-mediated downregulation of HvHK1. Repression of HvHK1 impairs cell specification in the central ETC region and the development of transfer cell morphology, and consecutively defects differentiation of adjacent endosperm tissues. Coinciding with reduced expression of HvHK1, disturbed cell plate formation and fusion were observed at the initiation of endosperm cellularization, revealing that HvHK1 triggers initial cytokinesis of ETCs. Cell-type-specific RNA sequencing confirmed loss of transfer cell identity, compromised cell wall biogenesis and reduced transport capacities in aberrant cells and elucidated two-component signaling and hormone pathways that are mediated by HvHK1. Gene regulatory network modeling was used to specify the direct targets of HvHK1; this predicted non-canonical auxin signaling elements as the main regulatory links governing cellularization of ETCs, potentially through interaction with type-B response regulators. This work provides clues to previously unknown molecular mechanisms directing ETC specification, a process with fundamental impact on grain yield in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hertig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland/OT Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland/OT Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland/OT Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Stephan Erbe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland/OT Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Götz Hensel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland/OT Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland/OT Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Winfriede Weschke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland/OT Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Hans Weber
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland/OT Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Johannes Thiel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland/OT Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
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9
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Gajecka M, Marzec M, Chmielewska B, Jelonek J, Zbieszczyk J, Szarejko I. Plastid differentiation during microgametogenesis determines green plant regeneration in barley microspore culture. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110321. [PMID: 31928659 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing plants from in vitro culture of microspores or immature pollen grains (androgenesis) is a highly genotype-dependent process whose effectiveness in cereals is significantly reduced by occurrence of albino regenerants. Here, we examined a hypothesis that the molecular differentiation of plastids in barley microspores prior to in vitro culture affects the genotype ability to regenerate green plants in culture. At the mid-to-late uninucleate (ML) stage, routinely used to initiate microspore culture, the expression of most genes involved in plastid transcription, translation and starch synthesis was significantly higher in microspores of barley cv. 'Mercada' producing 90% albino regenerants, than in cv. 'Jersey' that developed 90% green regenerants. The ML microspores of cv. 'Mercada' contained a large proportion of amyloplasts filled with starch, while in cv. 'Jersey' there were only proplastids. Using additional spring barley genotypes that differed in their ability to regenerate green plants we confirmed the correlation between plastid differentiation prior to culture and albino regeneration in culture. The expression of GBSSI gene (Granule-bound starch synthaseI) in early-mid (EM) microspores was a good marker of a genotype potential to produce green regenerants during androgenesis. Initiating culture from EM microspores that significantly improved regeneration of green plants may overcome the problem of albinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gajecka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Chmielewska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Janusz Jelonek
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Zbieszczyk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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10
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Milewska-Hendel A, Witek W, Rypień A, Zubko M, Baranski R, Stróż D, Kurczyńska EU. The development of a hairless phenotype in barley roots treated with gold nanoparticles is accompanied by changes in the symplasmic communication. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4724. [PMID: 30886208 PMCID: PMC6423127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake of water and nutrients by roots affects the ontogenesis of the whole plant. Nanoparticles, e.g. gold nanoparticles, have a broad range of applications in many fields which leads to the transfer of these materials into the environment. Thus, the understanding of their impact on the growth and development of the root system is an emerging issue. During our studies on the effect of positively charged gold nanoparticles on the barley roots, a hairless phenotype was found. We investigated whether this phenotype correlates with changes in symplasmic communication, which is an important factor that regulates, among others, differentiation of the rhizodermis into hair and non-hair cells. The results showed no restriction in symplasmic communication in the treated roots, in contrast to the control roots, in which the trichoblasts and atrichoblasts were symplasmically isolated during their differentiation. Moreover, differences concerning the root morphology, histology, ultrastructure and the cell wall composition were detected between the control and the treated roots. These findings suggest that the harmful effect of nanoparticles on plant growth may, among others, consist in disrupting the symplasmic communication/isolation, which leads to the development of a hairless root phenotype, thus limiting the functioning of the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Milewska-Hendel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Weronika Witek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rypień
- Laboratory of Microscopy Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Zubko
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1a, Chorzów, 41-500, Poland
- Department of Physics, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danuta Stróż
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1a, Chorzów, 41-500, Poland
| | - Ewa U Kurczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
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11
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Preparation of Barley Roots for Histological, Structural, and Immunolocalization Studies Using Light and Electron Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30460564 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8944-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Microscopic investigations of biological objects are an integral part in plant research and most fields of life sciences. They allow the description of morphological, histological, and structural aspects of individual cells or tissues. Based on various cell biological tools and methods it is possible to characterize different plant genotypes or study their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. In combination with antibodies raised against specific antigens and epitopes light and electron microscopy enable investigation of the function of single genes/proteins in plant growth and development or their role related to abiotic or biotic stresses.Here, we describe sample preparation of barley roots for cell biological investigations using light and electron microscopy, to characterize morphological, structural, and functional aspects on root sections and the root surface.
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12
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Gajewska P, Janiak A, Kwasniewski M, Kędziorski P, Szarejko I. Forward Genetics Approach Reveals a Mutation in bHLH Transcription Factor-Encoding Gene as the Best Candidate for the Root Hairless Phenotype in Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1229. [PMID: 30233607 PMCID: PMC6129617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are the part of root architecture contributing significantly to the root surface area. Their role is particularly substantial in maintaining plant growth under stress conditions, however, knowledge on mechanism of root hair differentiation is still limited for majority of crop species, including barley. Here, we report the results of a map-based identification of a candidate gene responsible for the lack of root epidermal cell differentiation, which results in the lack of root hairs in barley. The analysis was based on the root hairless barley mutant rhl1.b, obtained after chemical mutagenesis of spring cultivar 'Karat'. The rhl1 gene was located in chromosome 7HS in our previous studies. Fine mapping allowed to narrow the interval encompassing rhl1 gene to 3.7 cM, which on physical barley map spans a region of 577 kb. Five high confidence genes are located within this region and their sequencing resulted in the identification of A>T mutation in one candidate, HORVU7Hr1G030250 (MLOC_38567), differing the mutant from its parent variety. The mutation, located in the 3' splice-junction site, caused the retention of the last intron, 98 bp long, in mRNA of rhl1.b allele. This resulted in the frameshift, the synthesis of 71 abnormal amino acids and introduction of premature STOP codon in mRNA. The mutation was present in the recombinants from the mapping population (F2rhl1.b × 'Morex') that lacked root hairs. The candidate gene encodes a bHLH transcription factor with LRL domain and may be involved in early stages of root hair cell development. We discuss the possible involvement of HORVU7Hr1G030250 in this process, as the best candidate responsible for early stages of rhizodermis differentiation in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Gajewska
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kędziorski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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13
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Single measurement detection of individual cell ionic oscillations using an n-type semiconductor - electrolyte interface. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7875. [PMID: 29777196 PMCID: PMC5959918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen tubes are used as models in studies on the type of tip-growth in plants. They are an example of polarised and rapid growth because pollen tubes are able to quickly invade the flower pistil in order to accomplish fertilisation. How different ionic fluxes are perceived, processed or generated in the pollen tube is still not satisfactorily understood. In order to measure the H+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl− fluxes of a single pollen tube, we developed an Electrical Lab on a Photovoltaic-Chip (ELoPvC) on which the evolving cell was immersed in an electrolyte of a germination medium. Pollen from Hyacinthus orientalis L. was investigated ex vivo. We observed that the growing cell changed the (redox) potential in the medium in a periodic manner. This subtle measurement was feasible due to the effects that were taking place at the semiconductor-liquid interface. The experiment confirmed the existence of the ionic oscillations that accompany the periodic extension of pollen tubes, thereby providing – in a single run – the complete discrete frequency spectrum and phase relationships of the ion gradients and fluxes, while all of the metabolic and enzymatic functions of the cell life cycle were preserved. Furthermore, the global 1/fα characteristic of the power spectral density, which corresponds to the membrane channel noise, was found.
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14
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Shi R, Melzer M, Zheng S, Benke A, Stich B, von Wirén N. Iron Retention in Root Hemicelluloses Causes Genotypic Variability in the Tolerance to Iron Deficiency-Induced Chlorosis in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:557. [PMID: 29755495 PMCID: PMC5932200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Antagonistic interactions of phosphorus (P) hamper iron (Fe) acquisition by plants and can cause Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis. To determine the physiological processes underlying adverse Fe-P interactions, the maize lines B73 and Mo17, which differ in chlorosis susceptibility, were grown hydroponically at different Fe:P ratios. In the presence of P, Mo17 became more chlorotic than B73. The higher sensitivity of Mo17 to Fe deficiency was not related to Fe-P interactions in leaves but to lower Fe translocation to shoots, which coincided with a larger pool of Fe being fixed in the root apoplast of P-supplied Mo17 plants. Fractionating cell wall components from roots showed that most of the cell wall-contained P accumulated in pectin, whereas most of the Fe was bound to root hemicelluloses, revealing that co-precipitation of Fe and P in the apoplast was not responsible for Fe inactivation in roots. A negative correlation between chlorophyll index and hemicellulose-bound Fe in 85 inbred lines of the intermated maize B73 × Mo17 (IBM) population indicated that apoplastic Fe retention contributes to genotypic differences in chlorosis susceptibility of maize grown under low Fe supplies. Our study indicates that Fe retention in the hemicellulose fraction of roots is an important determinant in the tolerance to Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis of graminaceous plant species with low phytosiderophore release, like maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Shi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Shaojian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andreas Benke
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stich
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
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15
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Biernacki M, Marzec M, Roick T, Pätz R, Baronian K, Bode R, Kunze G. Enhancement of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) accumulation in Arxula adeninivorans by stabilization of production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:144. [PMID: 28818103 PMCID: PMC5561651 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years the production of biobased biodegradable plastics has been of interest of researchers partly due to the accumulation of non-biodegradable plastics in the environment and to the opportunity for new applications. Commonly investigated are the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) poly(hydroxybutyrate) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB-V). The latter has the advantage of being tougher and less brittle. The production of these polymers in bacteria is well established but production in yeast may have some advantages, e.g. the ability to use a broad spectrum of industrial by-products as a carbon sources. Results In this study we increased the synthesis of PHB-V in the non-conventional yeast Arxula adeninivorans by stabilization of polymer accumulation via genetic modification and optimization of culture conditions. An A. adeninivorans strain with overexpressed PHA pathway genes for β-ketothiolase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, PHAs synthase and the phasin gene was able to accumulate an unexpectedly high level of polymer. It was found that an optimized strain cultivated in a shaking incubator is able to produce up to 52.1% of the DCW of PHB-V (10.8 g L−1) with 12.3%mol of PHV fraction. Although further optimization of cultivation conditions in a fed-batch bioreactor led to lower polymer content (15.3% of the DCW of PHB-V), the PHV fraction and total polymer level increased to 23.1%mol and 11.6 g L−1 respectively. Additionally, analysis of the product revealed that the polymer has a very low average molecular mass and unexpected melting and glass transition temperatures. Conclusions This study indicates a potential of use for the non-conventional yeast, A. adeninivorans, as an efficient producer of polyhydroxyalkanoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Biernacki
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Marek Marzec
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska, 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Thomas Roick
- Jäckering Mühlen-und Nährmittelwerke GmbH, Vorsterhauser Weg 46, 59007, Hamm, Germany
| | - Reinhard Pätz
- Division Bioprocess Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Str. 55, 06366, Köthen, Germany
| | - Kim Baronian
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rüdiger Bode
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Jahnstr. 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gotthard Kunze
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
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16
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Root hair development in grasses and cereals (Poaceae). Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 45:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Daszkowska-Golec A, Skubacz A, Marzec M, Slota M, Kurowska M, Gajecka M, Gajewska P, Płociniczak T, Sitko K, Pacak A, Szweykowska-Kulinska Z, Szarejko I. Mutation in HvCBP20 ( Cap Binding Protein 20) Adapts Barley to Drought Stress at Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:942. [PMID: 28626467 PMCID: PMC5454077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CBP20 (Cap-Binding Protein 20) encodes a small subunit of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which is involved in the conserved cell processes related to RNA metabolism in plants and, simultaneously, engaged in the signaling network of drought response, which is dependent on ABA. Here, we report the enhanced tolerance to drought stress of barley mutant in the HvCBP20 gene manifested at the morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic levels. Physiological analyses revealed differences between the hvcbp20.ab mutant and its WT in response to a water deficiency. The mutant exhibited a higher relative water content (RWC), a lower stomatal conductance and changed epidermal pattern compared to the WT after drought stress. Transcriptome analysis using the Agilent Barley Microarray integrated with observed phenotypic traits allowed to conclude that the hvcbp20.ab mutant exhibited better fitness to stress conditions by its much more efficient and earlier activation of stress-preventing mechanisms. The network hubs involved in the adjustment of hvcbp20.ab mutant to the drought conditions were proposed. These results enabled to make a significant progress in understanding the role of CBP20 in the drought stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Anna Skubacz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Michal Slota
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Marzena Kurowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Monika Gajecka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Gajewska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płociniczak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sitko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pacak
- Department of Gene Expression, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznanPoznań, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
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18
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Kim CM, Han CD, Dolan L. RSL class I genes positively regulate root hair development in Oryza sativa. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:314-323. [PMID: 27716929 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are filamentous protuberances from superficial cells of plant roots that are critical for nutrient uptake. Genes encoding ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE-SIX LIKE (RSL) class I basic helix-loop-helix proteins are expressed in future root hair cells (trichoblasts) of the Arabidopsis thaliana root where they positively regulate root hair cell development. We characterized the function of class I genes in Oryza sativa root development. We show that there are three RSL class I genes in O. sativa and that each is expressed in developing root hair cells. Reduction of RSL class I function results in the development of shorter root hairs than in wild-type. Ectopic overexpression results in the development of ectopic root hair cells. These data suggest that expression of individual RSL class I proteins is sufficient for root hair development in the cereal O. sativa (rice). Therefore RSL class I genes have been conserved since O. sativa and A. thaliana last shared a common ancestor. However, given that RSL class I genes are not sufficient for root hair development in A. thaliana, it suggests that there are differences in the mechanisms repressing RSL class I gene activity between members of the Poaceae and Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Min Kim
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
- Oxford Martin School, Plants for the 21st Century Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Chang-Deok Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Liam Dolan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
- Oxford Martin School, Plants for the 21st Century Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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19
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Robertson-Albertyn S, Alegria Terrazas R, Balbirnie K, Blank M, Janiak A, Szarejko I, Chmielewska B, Karcz J, Morris J, Hedley PE, George TS, Bulgarelli D. Root Hair Mutations Displace the Barley Rhizosphere Microbiota. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1094. [PMID: 28694814 PMCID: PMC5483447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere, the thin layer of soil surrounding and influenced by plant roots, defines a distinct and selective microbial habitat compared to unplanted soil. The microbial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere, the rhizosphere microbiota, engage in interactions with their host plants which span from parasitism to mutualism. Therefore, the rhizosphere microbiota emerges as one of the determinants of yield potential in crops. Studies conducted with different plant species have unequivocally pointed to the host plant as a driver of the microbiota thriving at the root-soil interface. Thus far, the host genetic traits shaping the rhizosphere microbiota are not completely understood. As root hairs play a critical role in resource exchanges between plants and the rhizosphere, we hypothesized that they can act as a determinant of the microbiota thriving at the root-soil interface. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant lines contrasting for their root hair characteristics. Plants were grown in two agricultural soils, differentiating in their organic matter contents, under controlled environmental conditions. At early stem elongation rhizosphere specimens were collected and subjected to high-resolution 16S rRNA gene profiling. Our data revealed that the barley rhizosphere microbiota is largely dominated by members of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, regardless of the soil type and the root hair characteristics of the host plant. Conversely, ecological indices calculated using operational taxonomic units (OTUs) presence, abundance, and phylogeny revealed a significant impact of root hair mutations on the composition of the rhizosphere microbiota. In particular, our data indicate that mutant plants host a reduced-complexity community compared to wild-type genotypes and unplanted soil controls. Congruently, the host genotype explained up to 18% of the variation in ecological distances computed for the rhizosphere samples. Importantly, this effect is manifested in a soil-dependent manner. A closer inspection of the sequencing profiles revealed that the root hair-dependent diversification of the microbiota is supported by a taxonomically narrow group of bacteria, with a bias for members of the orders Actinomycetales, Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, and Xanthomonadales. Taken together, our results indicate that the presence and function of root hairs are a determinant of the bacterial community thriving in the rhizosphere and their perturbations can markedly impact on the recruitment of individual members of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katharin Balbirnie
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Blank
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Beata Chmielewska
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Jagna Karcz
- Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S. George
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Bulgarelli
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundee, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Davide Bulgarelli,
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20
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Slota M, Maluszynski M, Szarejko I. An automated, cost-effective and scalable, flood-and-drain based root phenotyping system for cereals. PLANT METHODS 2016; 12:34. [PMID: 27347000 PMCID: PMC4919847 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-016-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies on the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of root growth require the characterisation of a specific root phenotype to be linked with a certain genotype. Such studies using classical labour-intensive methods are severely hindered due to the technical limitations that are associated with the impeded observation of the root system of a plant during its growth. The aim of the research presented here was to develop a reliable, cost-effective method for the analysis of a plant root phenotype that would enable the precise characterisation of the root system architecture of cereals. RESULTS The presented method describes a complete system for automatic supplementation and continuous sensing of culture solution supplied to plants that are grown in transparent tubes containing a solid substrate. The presented system comprises the comprehensive pipeline consisting of a modular-based and remotely-controlled plant growth system and customized imaging setup for root and shoot phenotyping. The system enables an easy extension of the experimental capacity in order to form a combined platform that is comprised of parallel modules, each holding up to 48 plants. The conducted experiments focused on the selection of the most suitable conditions for phenotyping studies in barley: an optimal size of the glass beads, diameters of the acrylic tubes, composition of a medium, and a rate of the medium flow. CONCLUSIONS The developed system enables an efficient, accurate and highly repeatable analysis of the morphological features of the root system of cereals. Because a simple and fully-automated control system is used, the experimental conditions can easily be normalised for different species of cereals. The scalability of the module-based system allows its capacity to be adjusted in order to meet the requirements of a particular experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Slota
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Maluszynski
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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21
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Scheler B, Schnepf V, Galgenmüller C, Ranf S, Hückelhoven R. Barley disease susceptibility factor RACB acts in epidermal cell polarity and positioning of the nucleus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3263-75. [PMID: 27056842 PMCID: PMC4892720 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RHO GTPases are regulators of cell polarity and immunity in eukaryotes. In plants, RHO-like RAC/ROP GTPases are regulators of cell shaping, hormone responses, and responses to microbial pathogens. The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) RAC/ROP protein RACB is required for full susceptibility to penetration by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh), the barley powdery mildew fungus. Disease susceptibility factors often control host immune responses. Here we show that RACB does not interfere with early microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses such as the oxidative burst or activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. RACB also supports rather than restricts expression of defence-related genes in barley. Instead, silencing of RACB expression by RNAi leads to defects in cell polarity. In particular, initiation and maintenance of root hair growth and development of stomatal subsidiary cells by asymmetric cell division is affected by silencing expression of RACB. Nucleus migration is a common factor of developmental cell polarity and cell-autonomous interaction with Bgh RACB is required for positioning of the nucleus near the site of attack from Bgh We therefore suggest that Bgh profits from RACB's function in cell polarity rather than from immunity-regulating functions of RACB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Scheler
- Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Vera Schnepf
- Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Carolina Galgenmüller
- Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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22
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Kwasniewski M, Daszkowska-Golec A, Janiak A, Chwialkowska K, Nowakowska U, Sablok G, Szarejko I. Transcriptome analysis reveals the role of the root hairs as environmental sensors to maintain plant functions under water-deficiency conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1079-94. [PMID: 26585228 PMCID: PMC4753848 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An important part of the root system is the root hairs, which play a role in mineral and water uptake. Here, we present an analysis of the transcriptomic response to water deficiency of the wild-type (WT) barley cultivar 'Karat' and its root-hairless mutant rhl1.a. A comparison of the transcriptional changes induced by water stress resulted in the identification of genes whose expression was specifically affected in each genotype. At the onset of water stress, more genes were modulated by water shortage in the roots of the WT plants than in the roots of rhl1.a. The roots of the WT plants, but not of rhl1.a, specifically responded with the induction of genes that are related to the abscisic acid biosynthesis, stomatal closure, and cell wall biogenesis, thus indicating the specific activation of processes that are related to water-stress signalling and protection. On the other hand, the processes involved in the further response to abiotic stimuli, including hydrogen peroxide, heat, and high light intensity, were specifically up-regulated in the leaves of rhl1.a. An extended period of severe stress caused more drastic transcriptome changes in the roots and leaves of the rhl1.a mutant than in those of the WT. These results are in agreement with the much stronger damage to photosystem II in the rhl1.a mutant than in its parent cultivar after 10 d of water stress. Taking into account the putative stress sensing and signalling features of the root hair transcriptome, we discuss the role of root hairs as sensors of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Urszula Nowakowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Gaurav Sablok
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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23
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Marzec M, Melzer M, Szarejko I. Root hair development in the grasses: what we already know and what we still need to know. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:407-14. [PMID: 25873551 PMCID: PMC4453783 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A priority in many crop improvement programs for a long time has been to enhance the tolerance level of plants to both abiotic and biotic stress. Recognition that the root system is the prime determinant of a plant's ability to extract both water and minerals from the soil implies that its architecture is an important variable underlying a cultivar's adaptation. The density and/or length of the root hairs (RHs) that are formed are thought to have a major bearing on the plant's performance under stressful conditions. Any attempt to improve a crop's root system will require a detailed understanding of the processes of RH differentiation. Recent progress in uncovering the molecular basis of root epidermis specialization has been recorded in the grasses. This review seeks to present the current view of RH differentiation in grass species. It combines what has been learned from molecular-based analyses, histological studies, and observation of the phenotypes of both laboratory- and field-grown plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland (M.Ma., I.S.); andDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (M.Me.)
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland (M.Ma., I.S.); andDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (M.Me.)
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland (M.Ma., I.S.); andDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (M.Me.)
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24
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Marzec M, Szarejko I, Melzer M. Arabinogalactan proteins are involved in root hair development in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1245-57. [PMID: 25465033 PMCID: PMC4339589 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are involved in a range of plant processes, including cell differentiation and expansion. Here, barley root hair mutants and their wild-type parent cultivars were used, as a model system, to reveal the role of AGPs in root hair development. The treatment of roots with different concentrations of βGlcY (a reagent which binds to all classes of AGPs) inhibited or totally suppressed the development of root hairs in all of the cultivars. Three groups of AGP (recognized by the monoclonal antibodies LM2, LM14, and MAC207) were diversely localized in trichoblasts and atrichoblasts of root hair-producing plants. The relevant epitopes were present in wild-type trichoblast cell walls and cytoplasm, whereas in wild-type atrichoblasts and in all epidermal cells of a root hairless mutant, they were only present in the cytoplasm. In all of cultivars the higher expression of LM2, LM14, and MAC207 was observed in trichoblasts at an early stage of development. Additionally, the LM2 epitope was detected on the surface of primordia and root hair tubes in plants able to generate root hairs. The major conclusion was that the AGPs recognized by LM2, LM14, and MAC207 are involved in the differentiation of barley root epidermal cells, thereby implying a requirement for these AGPs for root hair development in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-032, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-032, Poland
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben D-06466, Germany
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25
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Bhardwaj D, Medici A, Gojon A, Lacombe B, Tuteja N. A new insight into root responses to external cues: Paradigm shift in nutrient sensing. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1049791. [PMID: 26146897 PMCID: PMC4854350 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1049791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants are sessile and their growth relies on nutrients present in the soil. The acquisition of nutrients is challenging for plants. Phosphate and nitrate sensing and signaling cascades play significant role during adverse conditions of nutrient unavailability. Therefore, it is important to dissect the mechanism by which plant roots acquire nutrients from the soil. Root system architecture (RSA) exhibits extensive developmental flexibility and changes during nutrient stress conditions. Growth of root system in response to external concentration of nutrients is a joint operation of sensor or receptor proteins along with several other cytoplasmic accessory proteins. After nutrient sensing, sensor proteins start the cellular relay involving transcription factors, kinases, ubiquitin ligases and miRNA. The complexity of nutrient sensing is still nebulous and many new players need to be better studied. This review presents a survey of recent paradigm shift in the advancements in nutrient sensing in relation to plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bhardwaj
- International Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Medici
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes; UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM; Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes “Claude Grignon”; Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Alain Gojon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes; UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM; Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes “Claude Grignon”; Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Benoît Lacombe
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes; UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM; Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes “Claude Grignon”; Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
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26
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Dockter C, Gruszka D, Braumann I, Druka A, Druka I, Franckowiak J, Gough SP, Janeczko A, Kurowska M, Lundqvist J, Lundqvist U, Marzec M, Matyszczak I, Müller AH, Oklestkova J, Schulz B, Zakhrabekova S, Hansson M. Induced variations in brassinosteroid genes define barley height and sturdiness, and expand the green revolution genetic toolkit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1912-27. [PMID: 25332507 PMCID: PMC4256852 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced plant height and culm robustness are quantitative characteristics important for assuring cereal crop yield and quality under adverse weather conditions. A very limited number of short-culm mutant alleles were introduced into commercial crop cultivars during the Green Revolution. We identified phenotypic traits, including sturdy culm, specific for deficiencies in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling in semidwarf mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare). This set of characteristic traits was explored to perform a phenotypic screen of near-isogenic short-culm mutant lines from the brachytic, breviaristatum, dense spike, erectoides, semibrachytic, semidwarf, and slender dwarf mutant groups. In silico mapping of brassinosteroid-related genes in the barley genome in combination with sequencing of barley mutant lines assigned more than 20 historic mutants to three brassinosteroid-biosynthesis genes (BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC DWARF, and DIMINUTO) and one brassinosteroid-signaling gene (BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 [HvBRI1]). Analyses of F2 and M2 populations, allelic crosses, and modeling of nonsynonymous amino acid exchanges in protein crystal structures gave a further understanding of the control of barley plant architecture and sturdiness by brassinosteroid-related genes. Alternatives to the widely used but highly temperature-sensitive uzu1.a allele of HvBRI1 represent potential genetic building blocks for breeding strategies with sturdy and climate-tolerant barley cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Dockter
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Ilka Braumann
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Arnis Druka
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Ilze Druka
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Jerome Franckowiak
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Simon P Gough
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Marzena Kurowska
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Joakim Lundqvist
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Udda Lundqvist
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Marek Marzec
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Izabela Matyszczak
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - André H Müller
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Burkhard Schulz
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Shakhira Zakhrabekova
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
| | - Mats Hansson
- Carlsberg Laboratory, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (C.D., I.B., S.P.G., J.L., I.M., A.H.M., S.Z., M.H.);Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland (D.G., M.K., M.M.);James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (A.D., I.D.);Department of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia (J.F.);Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland (A.J.);Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (U.L.);Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.O.); and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture,University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (B.S.)
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Meister R, Rajani MS, Ruzicka D, Schachtman DP. Challenges of modifying root traits in crops for agriculture. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:779-88. [PMID: 25239776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Roots play an essential role in the acquisition of water and minerals from soils. Measuring crop root architecture and assaying for changes in function can be challenging, but examples have emerged showing that modifications to roots result in higher yield and increased stress tolerance. In this review, we focus mainly on the molecular genetic advances that have been made in altering root system architecture and function in crop plants, as well as phenotyping methods. The future for the modification of crop plant roots looks promising based on recent advances, but there are also important challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meister
- Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - M S Rajani
- Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Daniel Ruzicka
- Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Daniel P Schachtman
- University of Nebraska Lincoln, Center for Plant Science Innovation, E243 Beadle, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA.
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Morphological, genetic and molecular characteristics of barley root hair mutants. J Appl Genet 2014; 55:433-47. [PMID: 24899566 PMCID: PMC4185097 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Root hairs are tubular outgrowths of specialized epidermal cells called trichoblasts. They affect anchoring plants in soil, the uptake of water and nutrients and are the sites of the interaction between plants and microorganisms. Nineteen root hair mutants of barley representing different stages of root hair development were subjected to detailed morphological and genetic analyses. Each mutant was monogenic and recessive. An allelism test revealed that nine loci were responsible for the mutated root hair phenotypes in the collection and 1–4 mutated allelic forms were identified at each locus. Genetic relationships between the genes responsible for different stages of root hair formation were established. The linkage groups of four loci rhl1, rhp1, rhi1 and rhs1, which had previously been mapped on chromosomes 7H, 1H, 6H and 5H, respectively, were enriched with new markers that flank the genes at a distance of 0.16 cM to 4.6 cM. The chromosomal position of three new genes – two that are responsible for the development of short root hairs (rhs2 and rhs3) and the gene that controls an irregular root hair pattern (rhi2) – were mapped on chromosomes 6H, 2H and 1H, respectively. A comparative analysis of the agrobotanical parameters between some mutants and their respective parental lines showed that mutations in genes responsible for root hair development had no effect on the agrobotanical performance of plants that were grown under controlled conditions. The presented mutant collection is a valuable tool for further identification of genes controlling root hair development in barley.
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Marzec M, Kurczynska E. Importance of symplasmic communication in cell differentiation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27931. [PMID: 24476959 PMCID: PMC4091221 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Symplasmic communication via plasmodesmata (PD) is part of the system of information exchange between plant cells. Molecules that pass through the PD include ions, some hormones, minerals, amino acids, and sugars but also proteins, transcription factors, and different classes of RNA, and as such PD can participate in the coordination of plant growth and development. This review summarizes the current literature on this subject and the role of PD in signal exchange, the importance of symplasmic communication and symplasmic domains in plant cell differentiation, and highlights the future prospective in the exploration of PD functions in plants. Moreover, this review also describes the potential use of barley root epidermis and non-zygotic embryogenesis in study of symplasmic communication during cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Silesia; Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Kurczynska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Silesia; Katowice, Poland
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30
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Marzec M, Melzer M, Szarejko I. The evolutionary context of root epidermis cell patterning in grasses (Poaceae). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27972. [PMID: 24521825 PMCID: PMC4091389 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last century, the mechanism for establishing the root epidermal pattern in grasses was proposed as a differentiating trait that can be used in taxonomic studies and as a useful tool to indicate the relationships between genera. However, knowledge about root hair differentiation in monocots is still scarce. During the last few years, this process has been studied intensively, mainly based on genetics and histological studies. A histological analysis of the root epidermis pattern composed from root hairs (trichoblasts) and non-root hair cells (atrichoblasts), as well as observations of the mechanism of the establishment of this pattern allowed 2 different methods of epidermal cell specialization in monocots to be precisely described. Additionally, a recently published paper describing root hair development in barley shed new light on the evolutionary context of the mechanism of root epidermis cell specialization, which is discussed in the presented work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Silesia; Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence to: Marek Marzec,
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK); Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Silesia; Katowice, Poland
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