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Bao R, Zeng C, Li K, Li M, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang H, Wang Y, Huang D, Wang W, Chen X. MeGT2.6 increases cellulose synthesis and active gibberellin content to promote cell enlargement in cassava. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1014-1029. [PMID: 38805573 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Cassava, a pivotal tropical crop, exhibits rapid growth and possesses a substantial biomass. Its stem is rich in cellulose and serves as a crucial carbohydrate storage organ. The height and strength of stems restrict the mechanised operation and propagation of cassava. In this study, the triple helix transcription factor MeGT2.6 was identified through yeast one-hybrid assay using MeCesA1pro as bait, which is critical for cellulose synthesis. Over-expression and loss-of-function lines were generated, and results revealed that MeGT2.6 could promote a significant increase in the plant height, stem diameter, cell size and thickness of SCW of cassava plant. Specifically, MeGT2.6 upregulated the transcription activity of MeGA20ox1 and downregulated the expression level of MeGA2ox1, thereby enhancing the content of active GA3, resulting in a large cell size, high plant height and long stem diameter in cassava. Moreover, MeGT2.6 upregulated the transcription activity of MeCesA1, which promoted the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose and produced a thick secondary cell wall. Finally, MeGT2.6 could help supply additional substrates for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose by upregulating the invertase genes (MeNINV1/6). Thus, MeGT2.6 was found to be a multiple regulator; it was involved in GA metabolism and sucrose decomposition and the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Bao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Changying Zeng
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xincheng Zhou
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Dongyi Huang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
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Cui B, Yu M, Bai J, Zhu Z. SlbHLH22-Induced Hypertrophy Development Is Related to the Salt Stress Response of the GTgamma Gene in Tomatoes. Metabolites 2023; 13:1195. [PMID: 38132877 PMCID: PMC10744757 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophy development induced by the overexpression of SlbHLH22 (also called SlUPA-like) was susceptible to Xanthomonas in tomatoes. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed on the hypertrophy leaves of a SlbHLH22-overexpressed line (OE) and wild type (WT) to investigate the molecular mechanism. Metabolome analysis revealed that six key metabolites were over-accumulated in the OE, including Acetylserine/O-Acetyl-L-serine, Glucono-1,5-lactone, Gluconate, 2-Oxoglutarate, and Loganate, implying that the OE plants increased salt or oxidant resistance under normal growth conditions. The RNA-seq analysis showed the changed expressions of downstream genes involved in high-energy consumption, photosynthesis, and transcription regulation in OE lines, and we hypothesized that these biological processes were related to the GTgamma subfamily of trihelix factors. The RT-PCR results showed that the expressions of the GTgamma genes in tomatoes, i.e., SlGT-7 and SlGT-36, were suppressed in the hypertrophy development. The expression of the GTgamma gene was downregulated by salinity, indicating a coordinated role of GTgamma in hypertrophy development and salt stress. Further research showed that both SlGT-7 and SlGT-36 were highly expressed in leaves and could be significantly induced by abscisic acid (ABA). The GTgamma protein had a putative phosphorylation site at S96. These results suggested GTgamma's role in hypertrophy development by increasing the salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolu Cui
- College of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (B.C.); (M.Y.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Min Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (B.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jiaojiao Bai
- College of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (B.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (B.C.); (M.Y.)
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Zhang L, Zhang N, Wang S, Tian H, Liu L, Pei D, Yu X, Zhao L, Chen F. A TaSnRK1α Modulates TaPAP6L-Mediated Wheat Cold Tolerance through Regulating Endogenous Jasmonic Acid. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303478. [PMID: 37740426 PMCID: PMC10625090 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, a sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase alpha subunit (TaSnRK1α-1A) is identified as associated with cold stress through integration of genome-wide association study, bulked segregant RNA sequencing, and virus-induced gene silencing. It is confirmed that TaSnRK1α positively regulates cold tolerance by transgenes and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants. A plastid-lipid-associated protein 6, chloroplastic-like (TaPAP6L-2B) strongly interacting with TaSnRK1α-1A is screened. Molecular chaperone DJ-1 family protein (TaDJ-1-7B) possibly bridged the interaction of TaSnRK1α-1A and TaPAP6L-2B. It is further revealed that TaSnRK1α-1A phosphorylated TaPAP6L-2B. Subsequently, a superior haplotype TaPAP6L-2B30S /38S is identified and confirmed that both R30S and G38S are important phosphorylation sites that influence TaPAP6L-2B in cold tolerance. Overexpression (OE) and EMS-mutant lines verified TaPAP6L positively modulating cold tolerance. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing revealed that TaPAP6L-2B-OE lines significantly increased jasmonic acid (JA) content, possibly by improving precursor α-linolenic acid contributing to JA synthesis and by repressing JAR1 degrading JA. Exogenous JA significantly improved the cold tolerance of wheat plants. In summary, TaSnRK1α profoundly regulated cold stress, possibly through phosphorylating TaPAP6L to increase endogenous JA content of wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingran Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Sisheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Lu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Dan Pei
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
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Pasternak T, Kircher S, Palme K, Pérez-Pérez JM. Regulation of early seedling establishment and root development in Arabidopsis thaliana by light and carbohydrates. PLANTA 2023; 258:76. [PMID: 37670114 PMCID: PMC10480265 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Root development is regulated by sucrose and light during early seedling establishment through changes in the auxin response and chromatin topology. Light is a key environmental signal that regulates plant growth and development. The impact of light on development is primarily analyzed in the above-ground tissues, but little is known about the mechanisms by which light shapes the architecture of underground roots. Our study shows that carbohydrate starvation during skotomorphogenesis is accompanied by compaction of nuclei in the root apical meristem, which prevents cell cycle progression and leads to irreversible root differentiation in the absence of external carbohydrates, as evidenced by the lack of DNA replication and increased numbers of nuclei with specific chromatin characteristics. In these conditions, induction of photomorphogenesis was unable to restore seedling growth, as overall root growth was compromised. The addition of carbohydrates, either locally or systemically by transferring seedlings to sugar-containing medium, led to the induction of adventitious root formation with rapid recovery of seedling growth. Conversely, transferring in vitro carbohydrate-grown seedlings from light to dark transiently promoted cell elongation and significantly reduced root meristem size, but did not primarily affect cell cycle kinetics. We show that, in the presence of sucrose, dark incubation does not affect zonation in the root apical meristem but leads to shortening of the proliferative and transition zones. Sugar starvation led to a rapid increase in lysine demethylation of histone H3 at position K9, which preceded a rapid decline in cell cycle activity and activation of cell differentiation. In conclusion, carbohydrates are required for cell cycle activity, epigenetics reprogramming and for postmitotic cell elongation and auxin-regulated response in the root apical meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Pasternak
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Faculty for Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Faculty for Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Faculty for Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for BioSystems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- ScreenSYSGmbH, Engesserstr. 4a, Freiburg, 79108 Germany
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Hu J, Liu T, Huo H, Liu S, Liu M, Liu C, Zhao M, Wang K, Wang Y, Zhang M. Genome-wide characterization, evolutionary analysis, and expression pattern analysis of the trihelix transcription factor family and gene expression analysis under MeJA treatment in Panax ginseng. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:376. [PMID: 37525122 PMCID: PMC10392005 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng is a well-known medicinal plant with several pharmacological uses in China. The trihelix family transcription factors, also known as GT factors, can be involved in the regulation of growth and developmental processes in plants. There have been no in-depth reports or systematic studies about the trihelix transcription factor in ginseng. In this study, the structure, chromosomal localization, gene duplication, phylogeny, functional differentiation, expression patterns and coexpression interactions of trihelix transcripts were analysed using bioinformatics methods based on the ginseng transcriptome database. Thirty-two trihelix transcription factor genes were identified in ginseng, and these genes were alternatively spliced to obtain 218 transcripts. These transcripts were unevenly distributed on different chromosomes of ginseng, and phylogenetic analysis classified the PgGT transcripts into five subgroups. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis classified PgGT transcripts into eight functional subclasses, indicating that they are functionally diverse. The expression pattern analysis of 218 PgGT transcripts revealed that their expression was tissue-specific and spatiotemporally-specific in 14 different tissues of 4-year-old ginseng, 4 different ages of ginseng roots, and 42 farmers' cultivars of 4-year-old ginseng roots. Despite the differences in the expression patterns of these transcripts, coexpression network analysis revealed that these transcripts could be expressed synergistically in ginseng. In addition, two randomly selected PgGT transcripts in each of the five different subfamilies were subjected to methyl jasmonate treatment at different times, and PgGT was able to respond to the regulation of methy1 jasmonate. These results provide a theoretical basis and gene resources for an in-depth study of the function of trihelix genes in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Huimin Huo
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Sizhang Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Kangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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Interactome of Arabidopsis Thaliana. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030350. [PMID: 35161331 PMCID: PMC8838453 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
More than 95,000 protein–protein interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana have been published and deposited in databases. This dataset was supplemented by approximately 900 additional interactions, which were identified in the literature from the years 2002–2021. These protein–protein interactions were used as the basis for a Cytoscape network and were supplemented with data on subcellular localization, gene ontologies, biochemical properties and co-expression. The resulting network has been exemplarily applied in unraveling the PPI-network of the plant vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase), which was selected due to its central importance for the plant cell. In particular, it is involved in cellular pH homeostasis, providing proton motive force necessary for transport processes, trafficking of proteins and, thereby, cell wall synthesis. The data points to regulation taking place on multiple levels: (a) a phosphorylation-dependent regulation by 14-3-3 proteins and by kinases such as WNK8 and NDPK1a, (b) an energy-dependent regulation via HXK1 and the glucose receptor RGS1 and (c) a Ca2+-dependent regulation by SOS2 and IDQ6. The known importance of V-ATPase for cell wall synthesis is supported by its interactions with several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis. The resulting network was further analyzed for (experimental) biases and was found to be enriched in nuclear, cytosolic and plasma membrane proteins but depleted in extracellular and mitochondrial proteins, in comparison to the entity of protein-coding genes. Among the processes and functions, proteins involved in transcription were highly abundant in the network. Subnetworks were extracted for organelles, processes and protein families. The degree of representation of organelles and processes reveals limitations and advantages in the current knowledge of protein–protein interactions, which have been mainly caused by a high number of database entries being contributed by only a few publications with highly specific motivations and methodologies that favor, for instance, interactions in the cytosol and the nucleus.
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Wu R, Liu Z, Wang J, Guo C, Zhou Y, Bawa G, Rochaix JD, Sun X. COE2 Is Required for the Root Foraging Response to Nitrogen Limitation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020861. [PMID: 35055047 PMCID: PMC8778332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are numerous exchanges of signals and materials between leaves and roots, including nitrogen, which is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development. In this study we identified and characterized the Chlorophyll A/B-Binding Protein (CAB) (named coe2 for CAB overexpression 2) mutant, which is defective in the development of chloroplasts and roots under normal growth conditions. The phenotype of coe2 is caused by a mutation in the Nitric Oxide Associated (NOA1) gene that is implicated in a wide range of chloroplast functions including the regulation of metabolism and signaling of nitric oxide (NO). A transcriptome analysis reveals that expression of genes involved in metabolism and lateral root development are strongly altered in coe2 seedlings compared with WT. COE2 is expressed in hypocotyls, roots, root hairs, and root caps. Both the accumulation of NO and the growth of lateral roots are enhanced in WT but not in coe2 under nitrogen limitation. These new findings suggest that COE2-dependent signaling not only coordinates gene expression but also promotes chloroplast development and function by modulating root development and absorption of nitrogen compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Jiajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Chenxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Yaping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - George Bawa
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen S, Li X, Yang C, Yan W, Liu C, Tang X, Gao C. Genome-wide Identification and Characterization of FCS-Like Zinc Finger (FLZ) Family Genes in Maize ( Zea mays) and Functional Analysis of ZmFLZ25 in Plant Abscisic Acid Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3529. [PMID: 33805388 PMCID: PMC8037668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
FCS-like zinc finger family proteins (FLZs), a class of plant-specific scaffold of SnRK1 complex, are involved in the regulation of various aspects of plant growth and stress responses. Most information of FLZ family genes was obtained from the studies in Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas little is known about the potential functions of FLZs in crop plants. In this study, 37 maize FLZ (ZmFLZ) genes were identified to be asymmetrically distributed on 10 chromosomes and can be divided into three subfamilies. Protein interaction and subcellular localization assays demonstrated that eight typical ZmFLZs interacted and partially co-localized with ZmKIN10, the catalytic α-subunit of the SnRK1 complex in maize leaf mesophyll cells. Expression profile analysis revealed that several ZmFLZs were differentially expressed across various tissues and actively responded to diverse abiotic stresses. In addition, ectopic overexpression of ZmFLZ25 in Arabidopsis conferred hypersensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and triggered higher expression of ABA-induced genes, pointing to the positive regulatory role of ZmFLZ25 in plant ABA signaling, a scenario further evidenced by the interactions between ZmFLZ25 and ABA receptors. In summary, these data provide the most comprehensive information on FLZ family genes in maize, and shed light on the biological function of ZmFLZ25 in plant ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunquan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (S.C.); (X.L.); (C.Y.); (W.Y.); (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xibao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (S.C.); (X.L.); (C.Y.); (W.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (S.C.); (X.L.); (C.Y.); (W.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Wei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (S.C.); (X.L.); (C.Y.); (W.Y.); (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chuanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (S.C.); (X.L.); (C.Y.); (W.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (S.C.); (X.L.); (C.Y.); (W.Y.); (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (S.C.); (X.L.); (C.Y.); (W.Y.); (C.L.)
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Feng X, Feng P, Yu H, Yu X, Sun Q, Liu S, Minh TN, Chen J, Wang D, Zhang Q, Cao L, Zhou C, Li Q, Xiao J, Zhong S, Wang A, Wang L, Pan H, Ding X. GsSnRK1 interplays with transcription factor GsERF7 from wild soybean to regulate soybean stress resistance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1192-1211. [PMID: 31990078 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the function and regulation of SnRK1 have been studied in various plants, its molecular mechanisms in response to abiotic stresses are still elusive. In this work, we identified an AP2/ERF domain-containing protein (designated GsERF7) interacting with GsSnRK1 from a wild soybean cDNA library. GsERF7 gene expressed dominantly in wild soybean roots and was responsive to ethylene, salt, and alkaline. GsERF7 bound GCC cis-acting element and could be phosphorylated on S36 by GsSnRK1. GsERF7 phosphorylation facilitated its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus and enhanced its transactivation activity. When coexpressed in the hairy roots of soybean seedlings, GsSnRK1(wt) and GsERF7(wt) promoted plants to generate higher tolerance to salt and alkaline stresses than their mutated species, suggesting that GsSnRK1 may function as a biochemical and genetic upstream kinase of GsERF7 to regulate plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Furthermore, the altered expression patterns of representative abiotic stress-responsive and hormone-synthetic genes were determined in transgenic soybean hairy roots after stress treatments. These results will aid our understanding of molecular mechanism of how SnRK1 kinase plays a cardinal role in regulating plant stress resistances through activating the biological functions of downstream factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Peng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Huilin Yu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xingyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Thuy Nguyen Minh
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Changmei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jialei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shihua Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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10
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Ramon M, Dang TVT, Broeckx T, Hulsmans S, Crepin N, Sheen J, Rolland F. Default Activation and Nuclear Translocation of the Plant Cellular Energy Sensor SnRK1 Regulate Metabolic Stress Responses and Development. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1614-1632. [PMID: 31123051 PMCID: PMC6635846 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is vital to all living organisms. In eukaryotes, this process is controlled by fuel gauging protein kinases: AMP-activated kinase in mammals, Sucrose Non-Fermenting1 (SNF1) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and SNF1-related kinase1 (SnRK1) in plants. These kinases are highly conserved in structure and function and (according to this paradigm) operate as heterotrimeric complexes of catalytic-α and regulatory β- and γ-subunits, responding to low cellular nucleotide charge. Here, we determined that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SnRK1 catalytic α-subunit has regulatory subunit-independent activity, which is consistent with default activation (and thus controlled repression), a strategy more generally used by plants. Low energy stress (caused by darkness, inhibited photosynthesis, or hypoxia) also triggers SnRK1α nuclear translocation, thereby controlling induced but not repressed target gene expression to replenish cellular energy for plant survival. The myristoylated and membrane-associated regulatory β-subunits restrict nuclear localization and inhibit target gene induction. Transgenic plants with forced SnRK1α-subunit localization consistently were affected in metabolic stress responses, but their analysis also revealed key roles for nuclear SnRK1 in leaf and root growth and development. Our findings suggest that plants have modified the ancient, highly conserved eukaryotic energy sensor to better fit their unique lifestyle and to more effectively cope with changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ramon
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Tuong Vi T Dang
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Broeckx
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Hulsmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Crepin
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Blanco NE, Liebsch D, Guinea Díaz M, Strand Å, Whelan J. Dual and dynamic intracellular localization of Arabidopsis thaliana SnRK1.1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2325-2338. [PMID: 30753728 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1.1 (SnRK1.1; also known as KIN10 or SnRK1α) has been identified as the catalytic subunit of the complex SnRK1, the Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of a central integrator of energy and stress signalling in eukaryotes dubbed AMPK/Snf1/SnRK1. A nuclear localization of SnRK1.1 has been previously described and is in line with its function as an integrator of energy and stress signals. Here, using two biological models (Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana), native regulatory sequences, different microscopy techniques, and manipulations of cellular energy status, it was found that SnRK1.1 is localized dynamically between the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This distribution was confirmed at a spatial and temporal level by co-localization studies with two different fluorescent ER markers, one of them being the SnRK1.1 phosphorylation target HMGR. The ER and nuclear localization displayed a dynamic behaviour in response to perturbations of the plastidic electron transport chain. These results suggest that an ER-associated SnRK1.1 fraction might be sensing the cellular energy status, being a point of crosstalk with other ER stress regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás E Blanco
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET/UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiologyogy, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Daniela Liebsch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiologyogy, Umeå University, Sweden
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Manuel Guinea Díaz
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiologyogy, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Feng C, Song X, Tang H. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of GT-2-like genes in strawberry. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:105. [PMID: 30800616 PMCID: PMC6387661 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
GT-2 factors are the members of trihelix transcription factors (TFs) which can function in regulating plant development and responding to different abiotic stress. These proteins contain two structural domains composed by three tandem repeats helix-loop-helix-loop-helix. The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is one of the most prevalent fruit crops due to its high economic and nutritional value. Nevertheless, strawberry production is limited by a range of biotic and abiotic stresses (such as drought, extreme temperature) that cause significant losses every year. Despite the potential roles of GT-2 transcription factor in plants, the functional and systematic analysis of the strawberry GT-2 subfamily has not been reported yet. In this research, we identified six GT-2 factors in 'Benihoppe' strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and all the FaGT-2-like proteins contain two trihelix domains. In addition, bioinformatics analysis showed that FaGT-2-like proteins might participate in transcription or transcription regulation. Compared with other reported GT-2 proteins, the similarity between FaGT-2-like and FvGT-2-like amino acid sequences was the highest, which can reach to 100%. Expression of these TFs indicated all of the FaGT-2-like genes could express in different tissues: root, stem, and leaf within distinct expression patterns. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis provided us with cues that all the FaGT-2-like genes were downregulated in response to various abiotic stress and hormone treatment. All the gene expressions can be inhibited by salt, drought, cold and ABA treatments, indicating that all the FaGT-2-like genes in 'Benihoppe' strawberry might act as the negative regulatory factors to respond to the abiotic stress. In summary, these results would lay a useful foundation for FaGT-2-like genes on functional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Xia Song
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
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13
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Wang C, Wang Y, Pan Q, Chen S, Feng C, Hai J, Li H. Comparison of Trihelix transcription factors between wheat and Brachypodium distachyon at genome-wide. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:142. [PMID: 30770726 PMCID: PMC6377786 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant Trihelix transcription factors, specifically bind to GT elements and play important roles in plant physiology and development. Wheat is a main cereal crop. Brachypodium distachyon is a close relative of wheat and has been described as a new model species for studying of grass functional genomics. Presently, little is known about wheat and B. distachyon Trihelix genes. RESULTS In 51 species, 2387 Trihelix genes were identified, including 80 wheat Trihelix genes and 27 B. distachyon Trihelix genes. Consistent with the results of previous studies, these genes were classified into five subfamilies: GT-1, GT-2, SIP1, GTγ, and SH4. Members of the same subfamily shared similar gene structures and common motifs. Most TaGT and BdGT genes contained many kinds of cis-elements, such as development-, stress-, and phytohormone-related cis-acting elements. Additionally, 21 randomly selected TaGT genes were mainly expressed in the roots and flowers, while the expression of 19 selected BdGT genes was constitutive. These results indicate that the roles of Trihelix genes in wheat and B. distachyon might have diversified during the evolutionary process. The expression of the most selected TaGT and BdGT genes was down-regulated when exposed to low temperatures, NaCl, ABA, and PEG, implying that TaGT and BdGT genes negatively respond to abiotic stress. On the contrary, the expression of some genes was up-regulated under heat stress. CONCLUSIONS Trihelix genes exist extensively in plants and have many functions. During the evolutionary process, this gene family expanded and their functions diversified. As a result, the expression pattern and functions of members of the same family might be different. This study lays a foundation for further functional analyses of TaGT and BdGT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000 China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000 China
| | - Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000 China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000 China
| | - Cuizhu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000 China
| | - Jiangbo Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000 China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000 China
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14
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Smyth DR. Evolution and genetic control of the floral ground plan. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:70-86. [PMID: 29959892 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 70 I. Introduction 70 II. What is the floral ground plan? 71 III. Diversity and evolution of the floral ground plan 72 IV. Genetic mechanisms 77 V. What's next? 82 Acknowledgements 83 References 83 SUMMARY: The floral ground plan is a map of where and when floral organ primordia arise. New results combining the defined phylogeny of flowering plants with extensive character mapping have predicted that the angiosperm ancestor had whorls rather than spirals of floral organs in large numbers, and was bisexual. More confidently, the monocot ancestor likely had three organs in each whorl, whereas the rosid and asterid ancestor (Pentapetalae) had five, with the perianth now divided into sepals and petals. Genetic mechanisms underlying the establishment of the floral ground plan are being deduced using model species, the rosid Arabidopsis, the asterid Antirrhinum, and in grasses such as rice. In this review, evolutionary and genetic conclusions are drawn together, especially considering how known genes may control individual processes in the development and evolution of ground plans. These components include organ phyllotaxis, boundary formation, organ identity, merism (the number or organs per whorl), variation in the form of primordia, organ fusion, intercalary growth, floral symmetry, determinacy and, finally, cases where the distinction between flowers and inflorescences is blurred. It seems likely that new pathways of ground plan evolution, and new signalling mechanisms, will soon be uncovered by integrating morphological and genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Smyth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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15
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Dröge-Laser W, Weiste C. The C/S 1 bZIP Network: A Regulatory Hub Orchestrating Plant Energy Homeostasis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 29525129 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining energy homeostasis is crucial to every living being. To balance energy supply and demand, plants make use of an evolutionarily conserved management system consisting of two counteracting kinases, TOR (TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN) and SnRK1 (Snf1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1). SnRK1 is involved in reorganizing enzymatic and transcriptional responses to survive energy-limiting conditions. Recently, members of the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcription factor family have been established as SnRK1 downstream mediators. We review here current knowledge on the functional impact of these group C and S1 bZIPs, and analyze their regulation by environmental and endogenous cues. Given their specific homo- and heterodimerization, the so-called C/S1 bZIP network is proposed to act as a signaling hub that coordinates plant development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dröge-Laser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
| | - Christoph Weiste
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
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16
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Xu H, Shi X, He L, Guo Y, Zang D, Li H, Zhang W, Wang Y. Arabidopsis thaliana Trihelix Transcription Factor AST1 Mediates Salt and Osmotic Stress Tolerance by Binding to a Novel AGAG-Box and Some GT Motifs. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:946-965. [PMID: 29420810 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Trihelix transcription factors are characterized by containing a conserved trihelix (helix-loop-helix-loop-helix) domain that binds to GT elements required for light response, and they play roles in light stress and in abiotic stress responses. However, only a few of them have been functionally characterized. In the present study, we characterized the function of AST1 (Arabidopsis SIP1 clade Trihelix1) in response to salt and osmotic stress. AST1 shows transcriptional activation activity, and its expression is induced by osmotic and salt stress. A conserved sequence highly present in the promoters of genes regulated by AST1 was identified, which was bound by AST1, and termed the AGAG-box with the sequence [A/G][G/A][A/T]GAGAG. Additionally, AST1 also binds to some GT motifs including the sequence of GGTAATT, TACAGT, GGTAAAT and GGTAAA, but failed in binding to the sequence of GTTAC and GGTTAA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis suggested that AST1 binds to the AGAG-box and/or some GT motifs to regulate the expression of stress tolerance genes, resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species, Na+ accumulation, stomatal apertures, lipid peroxidation, cell death and water loss rate, and increased proline content and reactive oxygen species scavenging capability. These physiological changes affected by AST1 finally improve salt and osmotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lin He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dandan Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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17
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Pedrotti L, Weiste C, Nägele T, Wolf E, Lorenzin F, Dietrich K, Mair A, Weckwerth W, Teige M, Baena-González E, Dröge-Laser W. Snf1-RELATED KINASE1-Controlled C/S 1-bZIP Signaling Activates Alternative Mitochondrial Metabolic Pathways to Ensure Plant Survival in Extended Darkness. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:495-509. [PMID: 29348240 PMCID: PMC5868691 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining energy homeostasis is of pivotal importance for all living organisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, evolutionarily conserved SnRK1 kinases (Snf1-RELATED KINASE1) control metabolic adaptation during low energy stress. To unravel starvation-induced transcriptional mechanisms, we performed transcriptome studies of inducible knockdown lines and found that S1-basic leucine zipper transcription factors (S1-bZIPs) control a defined subset of genes downstream of SnRK1. For example, S1-bZIPs coordinate the expression of genes involved in branched-chain amino acid catabolism, which constitutes an alternative mitochondrial respiratory pathway that is crucial for plant survival during starvation. Molecular analyses defined S1-bZIPs as SnRK1-dependent regulators that directly control transcription via binding to G-box promoter elements. Moreover, SnRK1 triggers phosphorylation of group C-bZIPs and the formation of C/S1-heterodimers and, thus, the recruitment of SnRK1 directly to target promoters. Subsequently, the C/S1-bZIP-SnRK1 complex interacts with the histone acetylation machinery to remodel chromatin and facilitate transcription. Taken together, this work reveals molecular mechanisms underlying how energy deprivation is transduced to reprogram gene expression, leading to metabolic adaptation upon stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pedrotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Christoph Weiste
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Elmar Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Francesca Lorenzin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Katrin Dietrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Andrea Mair
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Dröge-Laser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
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18
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Nietzsche M, Guerra T, Alseekh S, Wiermer M, Sonnewald S, Fernie AR, Börnke F. STOREKEEPER RELATED1/G-Element Binding Protein (STKR1) Interacts with Protein Kinase SnRK1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1773-1792. [PMID: 29192025 PMCID: PMC5813543 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose nonfermenting related kinase1 (SnRK1) is a conserved energy sensor kinase that regulates cellular adaptation to energy deficit in plants. Activation of SnRK1 leads to the down-regulation of ATP-consuming biosynthetic processes and the stimulation of energy-generating catabolic reactions by transcriptional reprogramming and posttranslational modifications. Although considerable progress has been made during the last years in understanding the SnRK1 signaling pathway, many of its components remain unidentified. Here, we show that the catalytic α-subunits KIN10 and KIN11 of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SnRK1 complex interact with the STOREKEEPER RELATED1/G-Element Binding Protein (STKR1) inside the plant cell nucleus. Overexpression of STKR1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants led to reduced growth, a delay in flowering, and strongly attenuated senescence. Metabolite profiling revealed that the transgenic lines exhausted their carbohydrates during the dark period to a greater extent than the wild type and accumulated a range of amino acids. At the global transcriptome level, genes affected by STKR1 overexpression were broadly associated with systemic acquired resistance, and transgenic plants showed enhanced resistance toward a virulent strain of the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. We discuss a possible connection of STKR1 function, SnRK1 signaling, and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Nietzsche
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Tiziana Guerra
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marcel Wiermer
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, RG Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Frederik Börnke
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Glab N, Oury C, Guérinier T, Domenichini S, Crozet P, Thomas M, Vidal J, Hodges M. The impact of Arabidopsis thaliana SNF1-related-kinase 1 (SnRK1)-activating kinase 1 (SnAK1) and SnAK2 on SnRK1 phosphorylation status: characterization of a SnAK double mutant. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:1031-1041. [PMID: 27943466 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana SNF1-related-kinase 1 (SnRK1)-activating kinase 1 (AtSnAK1) and AtSnAK2 have been shown to phosphorylate in vitro and activate the energy signalling integrator, SnRK1. To clarify this signalling cascade in planta, a genetic- and molecular-based approach was developed. Homozygous single AtSnAK1 and AtSnAK2 T-DNA insertional mutants did not display an apparent phenotype. Crossing of the single mutants did not allow the isolation of double-mutant plants, whereas self-pollinating the S1-/- S2+/- sesquimutant specifically gave approximatively 22% individuals in their offspring that, when rescued on sugar-supplemented media in vitro, were shown to be AtSnAK1 AtSnAK2 double mutants. Interestingly, this was not obtained in the case of the other sesquimutant, S1+/- S2-/-. Although reduced in size, the double mutant had the capacity to produce flowers, but not seeds. Immunological characterization established the T-loop of the SnRK1 catalytic subunit to be non-phosphorylated in the absence of both SnAKs. When the double mutant was complemented with a DNA construct containing an AtSnAK2 open reading frame driven by its own promoter, a normal phenotype was restored. Therefore, wild-type plant growth and development is dependent on the presence of SnAK in vivo, and this is correlated with SnRK1 phosphorylation. These data show that both SnAKs are kinases phosphorylating SnRK1, and thereby they contribute to energy signalling in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Glab
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Céline Oury
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Guérinier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Domenichini
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Crozet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Martine Thomas
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jean Vidal
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
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Quon T, Lampugnani ER, Smyth DR. PETAL LOSS and ROXY1 Interact to Limit Growth Within and between Sepals But to Promote Petal Initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:152. [PMID: 28228771 PMCID: PMC5296375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The activity of genes controlling organ development may be associated with the redox state of subregions within the meristem. Glutaredoxins react to the level of oxidative potential and can reduce cysteine dithiols, in some cases to activate specific transcription factors. In Arabidopsis, loss of function of the glutaredoxin ROXY1 or the trihelix transcription factor PETAL LOSS (PTL) each results in reduced numbers of petals. Here, genetic studies have revealed that loss of petals in ptl mutant plants depends on ROXY1 function. The two genes also act together to restrain stamen-identifying C function from entering the outer whorls. On the other hand, they suppress growth between sepals and in sepal margins, with ROXY1 action partially redundant to that of PTL. Genetic interactions with aux1 mutations indicate that auxin activity is reduced in the petal whorl of roxy1 mutants as in ptl mutants. However, it is apparently increased in the sepal whorl of triple mutants associated with the ectopic outgrowth of sepal margins, and of finger-like extensions of inter-sepal zones that in 20% of cases are topped with bunches of ectopic sepals. These interactions may be indirect, although PTL and ROXY1 proteins can interact directly when co-expressed in a transient assay. Changes of conserved cysteines within PTL to similar amino acids that cannot be oxidized did not block its function. It may be in some cases that under reducing conditions ROXY1 binds PTL and activates it by reducing specific conserved cysteines, thus resulting in growth suppression.
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Sablowski R. Coordination of plant cell growth and division: collective control or mutual agreement? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 34:54-60. [PMID: 27723536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue growth requires the interdependent cellular processes of cytoplasmic growth, cell wall extension and cell division, but the feedbacks that link these processes are poorly understood. Recent papers have revealed developmentally regulated coupling between plant cell growth and progression through both mitotic cycles and endocycles. Modeling has given insight into the effects of cell geometry and tissue mechanics on the orientation of cell divisions. Developmental inputs by auxin have been highlighted in the control of cell turgor, vacuole function and the microtubule dynamics that underlies oriented growth and division. Overall, recent work emphasizes growth and proliferation as processes that are negotiated within and between cells, rather than imposed on cells across tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sablowski
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Broeckx T, Hulsmans S, Rolland F. The plant energy sensor: evolutionary conservation and divergence of SnRK1 structure, regulation, and function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6215-6252. [PMID: 27856705 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The SnRK1 (SNF1-related kinase 1) kinases are the plant cellular fuel gauges, activated in response to energy-depleting stress conditions to maintain energy homeostasis while also gatekeeping important developmental transitions for optimal growth and survival. Similar to their opisthokont counterparts (animal AMP-activated kinase, AMPK, and yeast Sucrose Non-Fermenting 1, SNF), they function as heterotrimeric complexes with a catalytic (kinase) α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits. Although the overall configuration of the kinase complexes is well conserved, plant-specific structural modifications (including a unique hybrid βγ subunit) and associated differences in regulation reflect evolutionary divergence in response to fundamentally different lifestyles. While AMP is the key metabolic signal activating AMPK in animals, the plant kinases appear to be allosterically inhibited by sugar-phosphates. Their function is further fine-tuned by differential subunit expression, localization, and diverse post-translational modifications. The SnRK1 kinases act by direct phosphorylation of key metabolic enzymes and regulatory proteins, extensive transcriptional regulation (e.g. through bZIP transcription factors), and down-regulation of TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase signaling. Significant progress has been made in recent years. New tools and more directed approaches will help answer important fundamental questions regarding their structure, regulation, and function, as well as explore their potential as targets for selection and modification for improved plant performance in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Broeckx
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven-KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Hulsmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven-KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven-KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
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Gao XQ, Liu CZ, Li DD, Zhao TT, Li F, Jia XN, Zhao XY, Zhang XS. The Arabidopsis KINβγ Subunit of the SnRK1 Complex Regulates Pollen Hydration on the Stigma by Mediating the Level of Reactive Oxygen Species in Pollen. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006228. [PMID: 27472382 PMCID: PMC4966946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen–stigma interactions are essential for pollen germination. The highly regulated process of pollen germination includes pollen adhesion, hydration, and germination on the stigma. However, the internal signaling of pollen that regulates pollen–stigma interactions is poorly understood. KINβγ is a plant-specific subunit of the SNF1-related protein kinase 1 complex which plays important roles in the regulation of plant development. Here, we showed that KINβγ was a cytoplasm- and nucleus-localized protein in the vegetative cells of pollen grains in Arabidopsis. The pollen of the Arabidopsis kinβγ mutant could not germinate on stigma, although it germinated normally in vitro. Further analysis revealed the hydration of kinβγ mutant pollen on the stigma was compromised. However, adding water to the stigma promoted the germination of the mutant pollen in vivo, suggesting that the compromised hydration of the mutant pollen led to its defective germination. In kinβγ mutant pollen, the structure of the mitochondria and peroxisomes was destroyed, and their numbers were significantly reduced compared with those in the wild type. Furthermore, we found that the kinβγ mutant exhibited reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pollen. The addition of H2O2in vitro partially compensated for the reduced water absorption of the mutant pollen, and reducing ROS levels in pollen by overexpressing Arabidopsis CATALASE 3 resulted in compromised hydration of pollen on the stigma. These results indicate that Arabidopsis KINβγ is critical for the regulation of ROS levels by mediating the biogenesis of mitochondria and peroxisomes in pollen, which is required for pollen–stigma interactions during pollination. After landing on the stigma, pollen grains germinate and create pollen tubes following adhesion and hydration processes, during which pollen–stigma interactions determine whether the pollen grains can germinate on the stigma. In recent years, the interaction mechanisms between the pollen and stigma have been studied extensively at the cellular and molecular level in self-incompatibility systems. However, few studies have focused on pollen–stigma interactions during self-compatible pollination. Arabidopsis thaliana provides an excellent system to study the interaction mechanisms between the pollen and stigma during self-compatible pollination. KINβγ is a plant-specific subunit of the SNF1-related protein kinase 1 complex. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis kinβγ mutant showing defective pollen germination on the surface of the stigma but not on the culture medium, which resulted from the compromised hydration of pollen on the stigma. Further analysis revealed that the biogenesis of mitochondria and peroxisomes was impaired in this mutant, which reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pollen. Application of H2O2 recovered the capability of pollen to undergo hydration in vitro. These results suggest that ROS signaling is involved in the regulation of pollen–stigma interactions during pollination. This study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying pollen–stigma interactions in self-compatible plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chang Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Dan Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ting Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiao Na Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail:
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Plant SnRK1 Kinases: Structure, Regulation, and Function. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM 2016; 107:403-438. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43589-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Perochon A, Jianguang J, Kahla A, Arunachalam C, Scofield SR, Bowden S, Wallington E, Doohan FM. TaFROG Encodes a Pooideae Orphan Protein That Interacts with SnRK1 and Enhances Resistance to the Mycotoxigenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2895-906. [PMID: 26508775 PMCID: PMC4677899 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
All genomes encode taxonomically restricted orphan genes, and the vast majority are of unknown function. There is growing evidence that such genes play an important role in the environmental adaptation of taxa. We report the functional characterization of an orphan gene (Triticum aestivum Fusarium Resistance Orphan Gene [TaFROG]) as a component of resistance to the globally important wheat (T. aestivum) disease, Fusarium head blight. TaFROG is taxonomically restricted to the grass subfamily Pooideae. Gene expression studies showed that it is a component of the early wheat response to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which is a virulence factor produced by the causal fungal agent of Fusarium head blight, Fusarium graminearum. The temporal induction of TaFROG by F. graminearum in wheat spikelets correlated with the activation of the defense Triticum aestivum Pathogenesis-Related-1 (TaPR1) gene. But unlike TaPR1, TaFROG induction by F. graminearum was toxin dependent, as determined via comparative analysis of the effects of wild-type fungus and a DON minus mutant derivative. Using virus-induced gene silencing and overexpressing transgenic wheat lines, we present evidence that TaFROG contributes to host resistance to both DON and F. graminearum. TaFROG is an intrinsically disordered protein, and it localized to the nucleus. A wheat alpha subunit of the Sucrose Non-Fermenting1-Related Kinase1 was identified as a TaFROG-interacting protein based on a yeast two-hybrid study. In planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays confirmed the interaction. Thus, we conclude that TaFROG encodes a new Sucrose Non-Fermenting1-Related Kinase1-interacting protein and enhances biotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Perochon
- University College Dublin Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (A.P., J.J., A.K., C.A., F.M.D.);United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, and Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054 (S.R.S.); andNational Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom (S.B., E.W.)
| | - Jia Jianguang
- University College Dublin Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (A.P., J.J., A.K., C.A., F.M.D.);United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, and Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054 (S.R.S.); andNational Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom (S.B., E.W.)
| | - Amal Kahla
- University College Dublin Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (A.P., J.J., A.K., C.A., F.M.D.);United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, and Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054 (S.R.S.); andNational Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom (S.B., E.W.)
| | - Chanemougasoundharam Arunachalam
- University College Dublin Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (A.P., J.J., A.K., C.A., F.M.D.);United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, and Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054 (S.R.S.); andNational Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom (S.B., E.W.)
| | - Steven R Scofield
- University College Dublin Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (A.P., J.J., A.K., C.A., F.M.D.);United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, and Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054 (S.R.S.); andNational Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom (S.B., E.W.)
| | - Sarah Bowden
- University College Dublin Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (A.P., J.J., A.K., C.A., F.M.D.);United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, and Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054 (S.R.S.); andNational Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom (S.B., E.W.)
| | - Emma Wallington
- University College Dublin Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (A.P., J.J., A.K., C.A., F.M.D.);United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, and Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054 (S.R.S.); andNational Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom (S.B., E.W.)
| | - Fiona M Doohan
- University College Dublin Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (A.P., J.J., A.K., C.A., F.M.D.);United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, and Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054 (S.R.S.); andNational Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom (S.B., E.W.)
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