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Mirzaee M, Leung A, Parulekar M, Candia A, Matsuoka A, Lutz KA, Maliga P. Seed plastids: A novel platform for recombinant protein expression. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2575-2577. [PMID: 38803087 PMCID: PMC11331780 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mirzaee
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Alyssa Leung
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Mugdha Parulekar
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ana Candia
- Department of Biology, Farmingdale State CollegeFarmingdaleNew YorkUSA
| | - Aki Matsuoka
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kerry A. Lutz
- Department of Biology, Farmingdale State CollegeFarmingdaleNew YorkUSA
| | - Pal Maliga
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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Yao L, Wu X, Jiang X, Shan M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang A, Li Y, Yang C. Subcellular compartmentalization in the biosynthesis and engineering of plant natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108258. [PMID: 37722606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are specialized metabolites with diverse bioactivities. They are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries. PNPs are synthesized in plant cells by enzymes that are distributed in different subcellular compartments with unique microenvironments, such as ions, co-factors and substrates. Plant metabolic engineering is an emerging and promising approach for the sustainable production of PNPs, for which the knowledge of the subcellular compartmentalization of their biosynthesis is instrumental. In this review we describe the state of the art on the role of subcellular compartments in the biosynthesis of major types of PNPs, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and glucosinolates, and highlight the efforts to target biosynthetic pathways to subcellular compartments in plants. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and strategies in the field of plant synthetic biology and subcellular engineering. We expect that newly developed methods and tools, together with the knowledge gained from the microbial chassis, will greatly advance plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuoxiang Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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Wang Y, Wei Z, Fan J, Song X, Xing S. Hyper-expression of GFP-fused active hFGF21 in tobacco chloroplasts. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 208-209:106271. [PMID: 37084839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor 21 (hFGF21) is a promising candidate for metabolic diseases. In this study, a tobacco chloroplast transformation vector, pWYP21406, was constructed that consisted of codon-optimized encoding gene hFGF21 fused with GFP at its 5' terminal; it was driven by the promoter of plastid rRNA operon (Prrn) and terminated by the terminator of plastid rps16 gene (Trps16). Spectinomycin-resistant gene (aadA) was the marker and placed in the same cistron between hFGF21 and the terminator Trps16. Transplastomic plants were generated by the biolistic bombardment method and proven to be homoplastic by Southern blotting analysis. The expression of GFP was detected under ultraviolet light and a laser confocal microscope. The expression of GFP-hFGF21 was confirmed by immunoblotting and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA). The accumulation of GFP-hFGF21 was confirmed to be 12.44 ± 0.45% of the total soluble protein (i.e., 1.9232 ± 0.0673 g kg-1 of fresh weight). GFP-hFGF21 promoted the proliferation of hepatoma cell line HepG2, inducing the expression of glucose transporter 1 in hepatoma HepG2 cells and improving glucose uptake. These results suggested that a chloroplast expression is a promising approach for the production of bioactive recombinant hFGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China; Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jieying Fan
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xinyuan Song
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Shaochen Xing
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Legen J, Dühnen S, Gauert A, Götz M, Schmitz-Linneweber C. A CRR2-Dependent sRNA Sequence Supports Papillomavirus Vaccine Expression in Tobacco Chloroplasts. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030315. [PMID: 36984756 PMCID: PMC10054877 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer, and vaccination with HPV L1 capsid proteins has been successful in controlling it. However, vaccination coverage is not universal, particularly in developing countries, where 80% of all cervical cancer cases occur. Cost-effective vaccination could be achieved by expressing the L1 protein in plants. Various efforts have been made to produce the L1 protein in plants, including attempts to express it in chloroplasts for high-yield performance. However, manipulating chloroplast gene expression requires complex and difficult-to-control expression elements. In recent years, a family of nuclear-encoded, chloroplast-targeted RNA-binding proteins, the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, were described as key regulators of chloroplast gene expression. For example, PPR proteins are used by plants to stabilize and translate chloroplast mRNAs. Objectives: To demonstrate that a PPR target site can be used to drive HPV L1 expression in chloroplasts. Methods: To test our hypothesis, we used biolistic chloroplast transformation to establish tobacco lines that express two variants of the HPV L1 protein under the control of the target site of the PPR protein CHLORORESPIRATORY REDUCTION2 (CRR2). The transgenes were inserted into a dicistronic operon driven by the plastid rRNA promoter. To determine the effectiveness of the PPR target site for the expression of the HPV L1 protein in the chloroplasts, we analyzed the accumulation of the transgenic mRNA and its processing, as well as the accumulation of the L1 protein in the transgenic lines. Results: We established homoplastomic lines carrying either the HPV18 L1 protein or an HPV16B Enterotoxin::L1 fusion protein. The latter line showed severe growth retardation and pigment loss, suggesting that the fusion protein is toxic to the chloroplasts. Despite the presence of dicistronic mRNAs, we observed very little accumulation of monocistronic transgenic mRNA and no significant increase in CRR2-associated small RNAs. Although both lines expressed the L1 protein, quantification using an external standard suggested that the amounts were low. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PPR binding sites can be used to drive vaccine expression in plant chloroplasts; however, the factors that modulate the effectiveness of target gene expression remain unclear. The identification of dozens of PPR binding sites through small RNA sequencing expands the set of expression elements available for high-value protein production in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Legen
- Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Dühnen
- Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Gauert
- Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Götz
- BioEnergy GmbH, Dietersberg 1, 92334 Berching, Germany
| | - Christian Schmitz-Linneweber
- Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-20-2093-49700
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Strand DD, Walker BJ. Energetic considerations for engineering novel biochemistries in photosynthetic organisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116812. [PMID: 36814754 PMCID: PMC9939686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans have been harnessing biology to make valuable compounds for generations. From beer and biofuels to pharmaceuticals, biology provides an efficient alternative to industrial processes. With the continuing advancement of molecular tools to genetically modify organisms, biotechnology is poised to solve urgent global problems related to environment, increasing population, and public health. However, the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are constrained to produce a fixed stoichiometry of ATP and reducing equivalents that may not match the newly introduced synthetic metabolism, leading to inefficiency or damage. While photosynthetic organisms have evolved several ways to modify the ATP/NADPH output from their thylakoid electron transport chain, it is unknown if the native energy balancing mechanisms grant enough flexibility to match the demands of the synthetic metabolism. In this review we discuss the role of photosynthesis in the biotech industry, and the energetic considerations of using photosynthesis to power synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deserah D. Strand
- U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Berkley J. Walker
- U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Wang Y, Fan J, Ahmad N, Xin W, Wei Z, Xing S. Successful production of human epidermal growth factor in tobacco chloroplasts in a biologically active conformation. Growth Factors 2023; 41:20-31. [PMID: 36454601 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2150187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is an important therapeutic compound with multiple applications particularly in pharmaceutical industry. Human EGF has already been expressed in different expression systems, however, the production of hEGF with bioactivity in chloroplasts has not been successful so far. In this study, we expressed a 6 × His-tagged hEGF in tobacco chloroplasts in its native conformation for the potential of large-scale production of hEGF for industrial applications. Several transplastomic plant lines were obtained, which were screened by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using primers specific to selectable gene aadA, hEGF- and GFP-coding sequences that were included in the chloroplast expression vector. The selected lines were confirmed to be homoplasmic by PCR verification and Southern blot analysis. Immunoblotting assays of homoplasmic lines using antibodies raised against hEGF confirmed the accumulation of hEGF in transplastomic plants and the ELISA results demonstrated the expression levels of hEGF were between 0.124% and 0.165% of the total soluble proteins (TSP), namely, 23.16-25.77 ng/g of the fresh weight. In terms of activity, the data from cell proliferation and elongation assays showed that the tobacco-derived recombinant hEGF was as bioactive as its commercial counterpart. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recombinant production of hEGF with native bioactivity form in the chloroplast stroma. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of higher plant chloroplasts for the production of a human therapeutic, hEGF, in an active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jieying Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wen Xin
- Beijing TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shaochen Xing
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Kolotilin I. Plant-produced recombinant cytokines IL-37b and IL-38 modulate inflammatory response from stimulated human PBMCs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19450. [PMID: 36376518 PMCID: PMC9663505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Affordable therapeutics are vitally needed for humans worldwide. Plant-based production of recombinant proteins can potentially enhance, back-up, or even substitute for the manufacturing capacity of the conventional, fermenter-based technologies. We plastome-engineered a tobacco cultivar to express high levels of two "plantakines" - recombinant human cytokines, interleukins IL-37b and IL-38, and confirmed their native conformation and folding. Assessment of their biological functionality was performed ex vivo by analyzing the effects exerted by the plantakines on levels of 11 cytokines secreted from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) challenged with an inflammatory agent. Application of the plant-produced IL-37b and IL-38 in PBMCs stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide or Phytohaemagglutinin resulted in significant, and in particular cases-dose-dependent modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, showing attenuation in two-thirds of significant level modulations observed. Plantakine treatments that increased inflammatory responses were associated with the higher dosage. Our results demonstrate feasibility of manufacturing functional recombinant human proteins using scalable, cost-effective and eco-friendly plant-based bioreactors.
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Bravo-Vázquez LA, Srivastava A, Bandyopadhyay A, Paul S. The elusive roles of chloroplast microRNAs: an unexplored facet of the plant transcriptome. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:667-671. [PMID: 35614291 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc., 76130, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Section of Bioinformatics, Clinical Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, 4031, Manila, Philippines.
- Reliance Industries Ltd., 400701, Navi Mumbai, India.
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc., 76130, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico.
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Li S, Shen P, Wang B, Mu X, Tian M, Chen T, Han Y. Modification of Chloroplast Antioxidant Capacity by Plastid Transformation. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2526:3-13. [PMID: 35657508 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2469-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As immobile organisms, green plants must be frequently challenged by a broad range of environmental stresses. During these constantly adverse conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels can rise extremely in plants, leading to cellular dysfunction and cell death presumably due to irreversible protein overoxidation. Once considered merely as deleterious molecules, cells seek to remove them as efficiently as possible. To enhance ROS scavenging capacity, genes encoding antioxidative enzymes can be directly expressed from the genome of plastid (chloroplast), a major compartment for ROS production in photosynthetic organisms. Thus, overexpression of antioxidant enzymes by plastid engineering may provide an alternative to enhance plant's tolerance to stressful conditions specifically related with chloroplast-derived ROS. Here, we describe basic procedures for expressing glutathione reductase, a vital component of ascorbate-glutathione pathway, in tobacco via plastid transformation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiujie Mu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mimi Tian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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Chen Q, Shen P, Bock R, Li S, Zhang J. Comprehensive analysis of plastid gene expression during fruit development and ripening of kiwifruit. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1103-1114. [PMID: 35226116 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global survey of plastid gene expression during fruit ripening in kiwifruit provides cis-elements for the future engineering of the plastid genome of kiwifruit. A limitation in the application of plastid biotechnology for molecular farming is the low-level expression of transgenes in non-green plastids compared with photosynthetically active chloroplasts. Unlike other fruits, not all chloroplasts are transformed into chromoplasts during ripening of red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang) fruits, which may make kiwifruit an ideal horticultural plant for recombinant protein production by plastid engineering. To identify cis-elements potentially triggering high-level transgene expression in edible tissues of the 'Hongyang' kiwifruit, here we report a comprehensive analysis of kiwifruit plastid gene transcription in green leaves and fruits at three different developmental stages. While transcripts of a few photosynthesis-related genes and most genetic system genes were substantially upregulated in green fruits compared with leaves, nearly all plastid genes were significantly downregulated at the RNA level during fruit development. Expression of a few genes remained unchanged, including psbA, the gene encoding the D1 polypeptide of photosystem II. However, PsbA protein accumulation decreased continuously during chloroplast-to-chromoplast differentiation. Analysis of post-transcriptional steps in mRNA maturation, including intron splicing and RNA editing, revealed that splicing and editing may contribute to regulation of plastid gene expression. Altogether, 40 RNA editing sites were verified, and 5 of them were newly discovered. Taken together, this study has generated a valuable resource for the analysis of plastid gene expression and provides cis-elements for future efforts to engineer the plastid genome of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Pan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Gerszberg A, Hnatuszko-Konka K. Compendium on Food Crop Plants as a Platform for Pharmaceutical Protein Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3236. [PMID: 35328657 PMCID: PMC8951019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous advances in crop biotechnology related to the availability of molecular tools and methods developed for transformation and regeneration of specific plant species have been observed. As a consequence, the interest in plant molecular farming aimed at producing the desired therapeutic proteins has significantly increased. Since the middle of the 1980s, recombinant pharmaceuticals have transformed the treatment of many serious diseases and nowadays are used in all branches of medicine. The available systems of the synthesis include wild-type or modified mammalian cells, plants or plant cell cultures, insects, yeast, fungi, or bacteria. Undeniable benefits such as well-characterised breeding conditions, safety, and relatively low costs of production make plants an attractive yet competitive platform for biopharmaceutical production. Some of the vegetable plants that have edible tubers, fruits, leaves, or seeds may be desirable as inexpensive bioreactors because these organs can provide edible vaccines and thus omit the purification step of the final product. Some crucial facts in the development of plant-made pharmaceuticals are presented here in brief. Although crop systems do not require more strictly dedicated optimization of methodologies at any stages of the of biopharmaceutical production process, here we recall the complete framework of such a project, along with theoretical background. Thus, a brief review of the advantages and disadvantages of different systems, the principles for the selection of cis elements for the expression cassettes, and available methods of plant transformation, through to the protein recovery and purification stage, are all presented here. We also outline the achievements in the production of biopharmaceuticals in economically important crop plants and provide examples of their clinical trials and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gerszberg
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Liu H, Shen E, Wu H, Ma W, Chen H, Lin Y. Trans-kingdom expression of an insect endogenous microRNA in rice enhances resistance to striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:770-777. [PMID: 34704657 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis Walker, is a major pest of rice worldwide. Breeding of transgenic rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins is a powerful strategy to control SSB. However, pests may evolve certain resistance to Bt toxins in transgenic plants. Hence, new controlling strategies must be continuously developed. RESULTS We successfully generated SSB-resistant rice (csu-53) expressing the artificial microRNA (amiRNA) of SSB endogenous miRNA (csu-novel-miR53) through the RNAi-based technology. Feeding assays demonstrated that csu-53 rice inhibited larval growth, delayed pupation time, and reduced pupal weight and eclosion rate of SSB larva. In a 10-day feeding experiment, the miRNA mimic of csu-novel-miR53 also suppressed larval growth and more importantly increased larval mortality. Transcriptome analysis identified 28 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) in the midgut between SSB larvae fed on csu-53 rice and the wild type. One DEG (DN90065_c0_g12) validated by qRT-PCR had a predicted target site of csu-novel-miR53. In addition, in vitro double-stranded RNA synthesis and further feeding assay proved that DN90065_c0_g12 is most likely the target of csu-novel-miR53. CONCLUSION amiRNA-mediated strategy can be applied to the development of insect-resistant crops, and the novel amiRNA csu-novel-miR53 of SSB has important application potential in developing SSB resistant rice. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoju Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Enlong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Suhag A, Yadav H, Chaudhary D, Subramanian S, Jaiwal R, Jaiwal PK. Biotechnological interventions for the sustainable management of a global pest, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1228-1252. [PMID: 32696581 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) are polyphagous invasive hemipteran insects that cause serious losses of important crops by directly feeding on phloem sap and transmitting pathogenic viruses. These insects have emerged as a major threat to global agriculture and food security. Chemically synthesized insecticides are currently the only option to control whiteflies, but the ability of whiteflies to evolve resistance against insecticides has made the management of these insects very difficult. Natural host-plant resistance against whiteflies identified in some crop plants has not been exploited to a great extent. Genetic engineering approaches, such as transgenics and RNA interference (RNAi), are potentially useful for the control of whiteflies. Transgenic plants harboring insecticidal toxins/lectins developed via nuclear or chloroplast transformation are a promising vehicle for whitefly control. Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of several insect genes, delivered either through microinjection into the insect body cavity or orally via an artificial diet and transiently or stably expressed in transgenic plants, have controlled whiteflies in model plants and in some crops at the laboratory level, but not at the field level. In this review, we highlight the merits and demerits of each delivery method along with strategies for sustained delivery of dsRNAs via fungal entomopathogen/endosymbiont or nontransgenic RNAi approaches, foliar sprays, root absorption or nanocarriers as well as the factors affecting efficient RNAi and their biosafety issues. Genome sequencing and transcriptome studies of whitefly species are facilitating the selection of appropriate genes for RNAi and gene-editing technology for the efficient and resilient management of whiteflies and their transmitted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Suhag
- Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | - Honey Yadav
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - S Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pawan K Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
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14
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Zhu X, Liu X, Liu T, Wang Y, Ahmed N, Li Z, Jiang H. Synthetic biology of plant natural products: From pathway elucidation to engineered biosynthesis in plant cells. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100229. [PMID: 34746761 PMCID: PMC8553972 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are the main sources of drugs, food additives, and new biofuels and have become a hotspot in synthetic biology. In the past two decades, the engineered biosynthesis of many PNPs has been achieved through the construction of microbial cell factories. Alongside the rapid development of plant physiology, genetics, and plant genetic modification techniques, hosts have now expanded from single-celled microbes to complex plant systems. Plant synthetic biology is an emerging field that combines engineering principles with plant biology. In this review, we introduce recent advances in the biosynthetic pathway elucidation of PNPs and summarize the progress of engineered PNP biosynthesis in plant cells. Furthermore, a future vision of plant synthetic biology is proposed. Although we are still a long way from overcoming all the bottlenecks in plant synthetic biology, the ascent of this field is expected to provide a huge opportunity for future agriculture and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Life Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Nida Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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15
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Ahmad N, Nielsen BL, Mansoor S. Editing the plastid genome of recalcitrant plant species. Trends Genet 2021; 37:955-957. [PMID: 34412923 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of the chloroplast genome offers key advantages over traditional methods for generating transgenic plants, but this approach is limited to a few plant species. Nakazato et al. have developed a novel technique that will help to extend the technology to other plant species that are recalcitrant to current tissue culture-based chloroplast transformation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Brent L Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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16
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Watanabe K, Odahara M, Miyamoto T, Numata K. Fusion Peptide-Based Biomacromolecule Delivery System for Plant Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2246-2254. [PMID: 33901395 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of DNA, RNA, and proteins into plant cells has become important in plant science with the recent development of innovative technologies such as genome editing. As a new method for the delivery of such biomacromolecules, fusion peptides, which have multiple functional domains, have been developed. The functional domains include cell-penetrating peptides for crossing cell membranes, polycationic peptides for biomacromolecule binding, and organelle-targeting peptides. The fusion peptide-based macromolecule delivery system enables the efficient introduction of DNA, RNA, and proteins, which are much larger in size than the peptide, into plant cells while retaining the activity of the biomacromolecules. Compared to pre-existing delivery methods, this system has advantages in that it does not require any special equipment and can be performed easily and quickly on a wide variety of plants. Furthermore, as a characteristic feature of the fusion peptide system, the application of organelle-targeting peptides to fusion peptides allows selective delivery of biomacromolecules to chloroplasts or mitochondria. Here, we provide a representative method of the fusion peptide-based biomacromolecule delivery system and an example of the results of biomacromolecule delivery as promising new tools for plant biology and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Watanabe
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaki Odahara
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyamoto
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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17
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Li S, Chang L, Zhang J. Advancing organelle genome transformation and editing for crop improvement. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100141. [PMID: 33898977 PMCID: PMC8060728 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells contain three organelles that harbor DNA: the nucleus, plastids, and mitochondria. Plastid transformation has emerged as an attractive platform for the generation of transgenic plants, also referred to as transplastomic plants. Plastid genomes have been genetically engineered to improve crop yield, nutritional quality, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as for recombinant protein production. Despite many promising proof-of-concept applications, transplastomic plants have not been commercialized to date. Sequence-specific nuclease technologies are widely used to precisely modify nuclear genomes, but these tools have not been applied to edit organelle genomes because the efficient homologous recombination system in plastids facilitates plastid genome editing. Unlike plastid transformation, successful genetic transformation of higher plant mitochondrial genome transformation was tested in several research group, but not successful to date. However, stepwise progress has been made in modifying mitochondrial genes and their transcripts, thus enabling the study of their functions. Here, we provide an overview of advances in organelle transformation and genome editing for crop improvement, and we discuss the bottlenecks and future development of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ling Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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18
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Díaz AH, Koop HU. Nicotiana tabacum: An Update on PEG-Mediated Plastid Transformation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2317:155-166. [PMID: 34028767 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stable plastid transformation in Nicotiana tabacum has been achieved by using two different methods, the biolistic method, using a particle gun, and the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation. PEG-mediated plastid transformation involves the treatment of isolated protoplasts (plant cells without cell wall) with PEG in the presence of DNA. We have previously shown that in Nicotiana tabacum both methods are equally efficient. The PEG-mediated transformation efficiencies range between 20 and 50 plastid transformants per experiment (106 viable treated protoplasts). One advantage of the PEG method is that no expensive equipment such as a particle gun is required. The only crucial points are the handling and the cultivation of protoplasts. Furthermore, markers for the selection of transformed plastids are required. One of the most often used selection markers is the aadA gene which encodes for spectinomycin and streptomycin resistance. Here we describe a simplified and inexpensive protocol for the transformation of plastids in Nicotiana tabacum using an optimized protoplast culture protocol. PEG-mediated plastid transformation has the potential to be developed into a high-throughput, automated pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areli Herrera Díaz
- Department of Biology I - Botany, Ludwig-Maximillians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Koop
- Department of Biology I - Botany, Ludwig-Maximillians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- , Munich, Germany.
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19
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Staub JM. Transformation of the Plastid Genome in Tobacco Suspension Cell Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2317:167-175. [PMID: 34028768 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast transformation has been extremely valuable for the study of plastid biology and gene expression, but the tissue culture methodology involved can be laborious and it can take several months to obtain homoplasmic regenerated plants useful for molecular or physiological studies. In contrast, transformation of tobacco suspension cell plastids provides an easy and efficient system to rapidly evaluate the efficacy of multiple constructs prior to plant regeneration. Suspension cell cultures can be initiated from many cell types, and once established, can be maintained by subculture for more than a year with no loss of transformation efficiency. Using antibiotic selection, homoplasmy is readily achieved in uniform cell colonies useful for comparative gene expression analyses, with the added flexibility to subsequently regenerate plants for in planta studies. Plastids from suspension cells grown in the dark are similar in size and cellular morphology to those in embryogenic culture systems of monocot species, thus providing a useful model for understanding the steps leading to plastid transformation in those recalcitrant species.
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20
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Yarra R. Plastome engineering in vegetable crops: current status and future prospects. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8061-8074. [PMID: 32880066 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastome (plastid genome) engineering has grown up and got smarter for the transgene expression. Plastid transformation has profound benefits over nuclear transformation, includes a higher level of transgene expression, integration via homologous recombination, transgene containment, lack of gene silencing, and position effect. Substantial and fruitful progress has been achieved in plastome engineering of vegetable crops through the use of improved regeneration/selection procedures, plastid transformation vectors with efficient promoters, and 3/, 5/regulatory sequences. Plastid transformation technology developed for vegetable crops being used as a platform for the production of industrially important proteins and some of the genes of agronomic importance has been stably integrated and expressed in plastome. Although great progress has been accomplished in the plastid transformation of vegetable crops, still it is restricted to few species because of the unavailability of whole plastome sequencing. In this review, the author focus on the technology, progress, and advancements in plastid transformation of vegetable plants such as lettuce, tomato, potato, cabbage, cauliflower, eggplant, carrot, soybean, and bitter melon are reviewed. The conclusions, future prospects, and expansion of plastid transformation technology to other vegetable crops for genetic improvement and production of edible vaccines are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Yarra
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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21
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Bally J, Fishilevich E, Doran RL, Lee K, de Campos SB, German MA, Narva KE, Waterhouse PM. Plin-amiR, a pre-microRNA-based technology for controlling herbivorous insect pests. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1925-1932. [PMID: 32012433 PMCID: PMC7415779 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a major insect pest for a wide range of agricultural crops. It causes significant yield loss through feeding damage and by increasing the crop's vulnerability to bacterial and fungal infections. Although expression of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in transgenic crops has been very successful in protecting against insect pests, including H. armigera, field-evolved resistance has occurred in multiple species. To manage resistant populations, new protection strategies must be continuously developed. Trans-kingdom RNA interference (TK-RNAi) is a promising method for controlling herbivorous pests. TK-RNAi is based on delivering dsRNA or hairpin RNA containing essential insect gene sequences to the feeding insect. The ingested molecules are processed by the insect's RNAi machinery and guide it to silence the target genes. Recently, TK-RNAi delivery has been enhanced by expressing the ds- or hpRNAs in the chloroplast. This compartmentalizes the duplexed RNA away from the plant's RNAi machinery, ensuring that it is delivered in an unprocessed form to the insect. Here, we report another alternative approach for delivering precursor anti-insect RNA in plants. Insect pre-microRNA (pre-miR) transcripts were modified to contain artificial microRNAs (amiRs), targeting insect genes, and expressed in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants. These modified pre-miRs remained largely unprocessed in the plants, and H. armigera feeding on leaves from these plants had increased mortality, developmental abnormalities and delayed growth rates. This shows that plant-expressed insect pre-amiRs (plin-amiRs) are a new strategy of protecting plants against herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bally
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQUTBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Elane Fishilevich
- Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™Corteva Agriscience™IndianapolisINUSA
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Rachel L. Doran
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQUTBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Karen Lee
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQUTBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | | | - Marcelo A. German
- Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™Corteva Agriscience™IndianapolisINUSA
| | - Kenneth E. Narva
- Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™Corteva Agriscience™IndianapolisINUSA
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22
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Yu Q, Tungsuchat-Huang T, Verma K, Radler MR, Maliga P. Independent translation of ORFs in dicistronic operons, synthetic building blocks for polycistronic chloroplast gene expression. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2318-2329. [PMID: 32497322 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We designed a dicistronic plastid marker system that relies on the plastid's ability to translate polycistronic mRNAs. The identification of transplastomic clones is based on selection for antibiotic resistance encoded in the first open reading frame (ORF) and accumulation of the reporter gene product in tobacco chloroplasts encoded in the second ORF. The antibiotic resistance gene may encode spectinomycin or kanamycin resistance based on the expression of aadA or neo genes, respectively. The reporter gene used in the study is the green fluorescent protein (GFP). The mRNA level depends on the 5'-untranslated region of the first ORF. The protein output depends on the strengths of the ribosome binding, and is proportional with the level of translatable mRNA. Because the dicistronic mRNA is not processed, we could show that protein output from the second ORF is independent from the first ORF. High-level GFP accumulation from the second ORF facilitates identification of transplastomic events under ultraviolet light. Expression of multiple proteins from an unprocessed mRNA is an experimental design that enables predictable protein output from polycistronic mRNAs, expanding the toolkit of plant synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguo Yu
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - Kanak Verma
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Megan R Radler
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Pal Maliga
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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23
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Lu H, Yuan G, Strauss SH, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Chen JG, Yang X. Reconfiguring Plant Metabolism for Biodegradable Plastic Production. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2020; 2020:9078303. [PMID: 37849903 PMCID: PMC10530661 DOI: 10.34133/2020/9078303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, plants have been the subject of genetic engineering to synthesize novel, value-added compounds. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a large class of biodegradable biopolymers naturally synthesized in eubacteria, are among the novel products that have been introduced to make use of plant acetyl-CoA metabolic pathways. It was hoped that renewable PHA production would help address environmental issues associated with the accumulation of nondegradable plastic wastes. However, after three decades of effort synthesizing PHAs, and in particular the simplest form polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and seeking to improve their production in plants, it has proven very difficult to reach a commercially profitable rate in a normally growing plant. This seems to be due to the growth defects associated with PHA production and accumulation in plant cells. Here, we review major breakthroughs that have been made in plant-based PHA synthesis using traditional genetic engineering approaches and discuss challenges that have been encountered. Then, from the point of view of plant synthetic biology, we provide perspectives on reprograming plant acetyl-CoA pathways for PHA production, with the goal of maximizing PHA yield while minimizing growth inhibition. Specifically, we suggest genetic elements that can be considered in genetic circuit design, approaches for nuclear genome and plastome modification, and the use of multiomics and mathematical modeling in understanding and restructuring plant metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Steven H. Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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24
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Plastid Transformation: How Does it Work? Can it Be Applied to Crops? What Can it Offer? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144854. [PMID: 32659946 PMCID: PMC7402345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plant genetic engineering has advanced agriculture in terms of crop improvement, stress and disease resistance, and pharmaceutical biosynthesis. Cells from land plants and algae contain three organelles that harbor DNA: the nucleus, plastid, and mitochondria. Although the most common approach for many plant species is the introduction of foreign DNA into the nucleus (nuclear transformation) via Agrobacterium- or biolistics-mediated delivery of transgenes, plastid transformation offers an alternative means for plant transformation. Since there are many copies of the chloroplast genome in each cell, higher levels of protein accumulation can often be achieved from transgenes inserted in the chloroplast genome compared to the nuclear genome. Chloroplasts are therefore becoming attractive hosts for the introduction of new agronomic traits, as well as for the biosynthesis of high-value pharmaceuticals, biomaterials and industrial enzymes. This review provides a comprehensive historical and biological perspective on plastid transformation, with a focus on current and emerging approaches such as the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as DNA delivery vehicles, overexpressing morphogenic regulators to enhance regeneration ability, applying genome editing techniques to accelerate double-stranded break formation, and reconsidering protoplasts as a viable material for plastid genome engineering, even in transformation-recalcitrant species.
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25
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Ancín M, Sanz-Barrio R, Santamaría E, Fernández-San Millán A, Larraya L, Veramendi J, Farran I. Functional Improvement of Human Cardiotrophin 1 Produced in Tobacco Chloroplasts by Co-expression with Plastid Thioredoxin m. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020183. [PMID: 32024318 PMCID: PMC7076529 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cardiotrophin 1 (CT1), a cytokine with excellent therapeutic potential, was previously expressed in tobacco chloroplasts. However, the growth conditions required to reach the highest expression levels resulted in an impairment of its bioactivity. In the present study, we have examined new strategies to modulate the expression of this recombinant protein in chloroplasts so as to enhance its production and bioactivity. In particular, we assessed the effect of both the fusion and co-expression of Trx m with CT1 on the production of a functional CT1 by using plastid transformation. Our data revealed that the Trx m fusion strategy was useful to increase the expression levels of CT1 inside the chloroplasts, although CT1 bioactivity was significantly impaired, and this was likely due to steric hindrance between both proteins. By contrast, the expression of functional CT1 was increased when co-expressed with Trx m, because we demonstrated that recombinant CT1 was functionally active during an in vitro signaling assay. While Trx m/CT1 co-expression did not increase the amount of CT1 in young leaves, our results revealed an increase in CT1 protein stability as the leaves aged in this genotype, which also improved the recombinant protein's overall production. This strategy might be useful to produce other functional biopharmaceuticals in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ancín
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
| | - Ruth Sanz-Barrio
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Plant Molecular Genetics Department, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Santamaría
- Hepatology Program, University of Navarra, CIMA, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Fernández-San Millán
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
| | - Luis Larraya
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
| | - Jon Veramendi
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
| | - Inmaculada Farran
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-168034
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26
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Ahmad N, Mehmood MA, Malik S. Recombinant Protein Production in Microalgae: Emerging Trends. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:105-110. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666191014124855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
In recent years, microalgae have emerged as an alternative platform for large-scale
production of recombinant proteins for different commercial applications. As a production
platform, it has several advantages, including rapid growth, easily scale up and ability to grow with
or without the external carbon source. Genetic transformation of several species has been
established. Of these, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has become significantly attractive for its
potential to express foreign proteins inexpensively. All its three genomes – nuclear, mitochondrial
and chloroplastic – have been sequenced. As a result, a wealth of information about its genetic
machinery, protein expression mechanism (transcription, translation and post-translational
modifications) is available. Over the years, various molecular tools have been developed for the
manipulation of all these genomes. Various studies show that the transformation of the chloroplast
genome has several advantages over nuclear transformation from the biopharming point of view.
According to a recent survey, over 100 recombinant proteins have been expressed in algal
chloroplasts. However, the expression levels achieved in the algal chloroplast genome are generally
lower compared to the chloroplasts of higher plants. Work is therefore needed to make the algal
chloroplast transformation commercially competitive. In this review, we discuss some examples
from the algal research, which could play their role in making algal chloroplast commercially
successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Malik
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Moon KB, Park JS, Park YI, Song IJ, Lee HJ, Cho HS, Jeon JH, Kim HS. Development of Systems for the Production of Plant-Derived Biopharmaceuticals. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010030. [PMID: 31878277 PMCID: PMC7020158 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, plants have been developed as a platform for the production of useful recombinant proteins due to a number of advantages, including rapid production and scalability, the ability to produce unique glycoforms, and the intrinsic safety of food crops. The expression methods used to produce target proteins are divided into stable and transient systems depending on applications that use whole plants or minimally processed forms. In the early stages of research, stable expression systems were mostly used; however, in recent years, transient expression systems have been preferred. The production of the plant itself, which produces recombinant proteins, is currently divided into two major approaches, open-field cultivation and closed-indoor systems. The latter encompasses such regimes as greenhouses, vertical farming units, cell bioreactors, and hydroponic systems. Various aspects of each system will be discussed in this review, which focuses mainly on practical examples and commercially feasible approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Beom Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (K.-B.M.); (J.-S.P.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.J.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Deahank-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (K.-B.M.); (J.-S.P.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Deahank-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - In-Ja Song
- National Research Safety Headquarters, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Chungbuk-do 28116, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (K.-B.M.); (J.-S.P.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (K.-B.M.); (J.-S.P.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (K.-B.M.); (J.-S.P.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (K.-B.M.); (J.-S.P.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.-H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-860-4493
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Ahmad N, Rahman M, Mukhtar Z, Zafar Y, Zhang B. A critical look on CRISPR‐based genome editing in plants. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:666-682. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mehboob‐ur Rahman
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mukhtar
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Zafar
- Pakistan Agriculture Research Council Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology East Carolina University Greenville North Caroline
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Corigliano MG, Albarracín RM, Vilas JM, Sánchez López EF, Bengoa Luoni SA, Deng B, Farran I, Veramendi J, Maiale SJ, Sander VA, Clemente M. Heat treatment alleviates the growth and photosynthetic impairment of transplastomic plants expressing Leishmania infantum Hsp83-Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 fusion protein. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 284:117-126. [PMID: 31084864 PMCID: PMC6785835 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that transplastomic tobacco plants expressing the LiHsp83-SAG1 fusion protein displayed a chlorotic phenotype and growth retardation, while plants expressing the SAG1 and GRA4 antigens alone did not. We conducted a comprehensive examination of the metabolic and photosynthetic parameters that could be affecting the normal growth of LiHsp83-SAG1 plants in order to understand the origin of these pleiotropic effects. These plants presented all photosynthetic pigments and parameters related to PSII efficiency significantly diminished. However, the expression of CHLI, RSSU and LHCa/b genes did not show significant differences between LiHsp83-SAG1 and control plants. Total protein, starch, and soluble sugar contents were also greatly reduced in LiHsp83-SAG1 plants. Since Hsp90 s are constitutively expressed at much higher concentrations at high temperatures, we tested if the fitness of LiHsp83-SAG1 over-expressing LiHsp83 would improve after heat treatment. LiHsp83-SAG1 plants showed an important alleviation of their phenotype and an evident recovery of the PSII function. As far as we know, this is the first report where it is demonstrated that a transplastomic line performs much better at higher temperatures. Finally, we detected that LiHsp83-SAG1 protein could be binding to key photosynthesis-related proteins at 37 °C. Our results suggest that the excess of this molecular chaperone could benefit the plant in a possible heat shock and prevent the expected denaturation of proteins. However, the LiHsp83-SAG1 protein content was weakly decreased in heat-treated plants. Therefore, we cannot rule out that the alleviation observed at 37 °C may be partially due to a reduction of the levels of the recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Corigliano
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina M Albarracín
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Vilas
- Laboratorio de Estrés Abiótico en Plantas, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edwin F Sánchez López
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía A Bengoa Luoni
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bin Deng
- Marsh Life Science Building, Rm 337, University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Inmaculada Farran
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC, Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Veramendi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC, Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago J Maiale
- Laboratorio de Estrés Abiótico en Plantas, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Sander
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Clemente
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rojas M, Yu Q, Williams-Carrier R, Maliga P, Barkan A. Engineered PPR proteins as inducible switches to activate the expression of chloroplast transgenes. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:505-511. [PMID: 31036912 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of plant genomes presents exciting opportunities to modify agronomic traits and to produce high-value products in plants. Expression of foreign proteins from transgenes in the chloroplast genome offers advantages that include the capacity for prodigious protein output, the lack of transgene silencing and the ability to express multicomponent pathways from polycistronic mRNA. However, there remains a need for robust methods to regulate plastid transgene expression. We designed orthogonal activators that boost the expression of chloroplast transgenes harbouring cognate cis-elements. Our system exploits the programmable RNA sequence specificity of pentatricopeptide repeat proteins and their native functions as activators of chloroplast gene expression. When expressed from nuclear transgenes, the engineered proteins stimulate the expression of plastid transgenes by up to ~40-fold, with maximal protein abundance approaching that of Rubisco. This strategy provides a means to regulate and optimize the expression of foreign genes in chloroplasts and to avoid deleterious effects of their products on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Rojas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Qiguo Yu
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Pal Maliga
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alice Barkan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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31
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Kwak SY, Lew TTS, Sweeney CJ, Koman VB, Wong MH, Bohmert-Tatarev K, Snell KD, Seo JS, Chua NH, Strano MS. Chloroplast-selective gene delivery and expression in planta using chitosan-complexed single-walled carbon nanotube carriers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:447-455. [PMID: 30804482 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant genetic engineering is an important tool used in current efforts in crop improvement, pharmaceutical product biosynthesis and sustainable agriculture. However, conventional genetic engineering techniques target the nuclear genome, prompting concerns about the proliferation of foreign genes to weedy relatives. Chloroplast transformation does not have this limitation, since the plastid genome is maternally inherited in most plants, motivating the need for organelle-specific and selective nanocarriers. Here, we rationally designed chitosan-complexed single-walled carbon nanotubes, utilizing the lipid exchange envelope penetration mechanism. The single-walled carbon nanotubes selectively deliver plasmid DNA to chloroplasts of different plant species without external biolistic or chemical aid. We demonstrate chloroplast-targeted transgene delivery and transient expression in mature Eruca sativa, Nasturtium officinale, Nicotiana tabacum and Spinacia oleracea plants and in isolated Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts. This nanoparticle-mediated chloroplast transgene delivery tool provides practical advantages over current delivery techniques as a potential transformation method for mature plants to benefit plant bioengineering and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Connor J Sweeney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Min Hao Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jun Sung Seo
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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32
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Queiroz LN, Maldaner FR, Mendes ÉA, Sousa AR, D'Allastta RC, Mendonça G, Mendonça DBS, Aragão FJL. Evaluation of lettuce chloroplast and soybean cotyledon as platforms for production of functional bone morphogenetic protein 2. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:213-224. [PMID: 30888592 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein BMP2 plays a crucial role in the formation and regeneration of bone and cartilage, which is critical for maintaining skeletal integrity and bone fracture repair. Because of its important role in osteogenic properties it has been commercially produced for clinical use. Here we report attempts to express human BMP2 using two plant systems (lettuce chloroplast and soybean seeds). The rhBMP2 gene (coding for the 13 kDa active polypeptide) was introduced in two regions of the lettuce chloroplast genome. Two homoplasmic events were achieved and RT-PCR demonstrated that the BMP2 gene was transcribed. However, it was not possible to detect accumulation of rhBMP2 in leaves. Two soybean events were achieved to express a full-length hBMP2 gene (coding for the 45 kDa pro-BMP2) fused with the α-coixin signal peptide, under control of the β-conglycinin promoter. Pro-BMP2 was expressed in the transgenic seeds at levels of up to 9.28% of the total soluble seed protein as determined by ELISA. It was demonstrated that this recombinant form was biologically active upon administration to C2C12 cell cultures, because it was able to induce an osteogenic cascade, as observed by the enhanced expression of SP7 (osterix) and ALPI (alkaline phosphatase) genes. Collectively, these results corroborated our previous observation that soybean seeds provide an effective strategy for achieving stable accumulation of functional therapeutic proteins, such as BMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia N Queiroz
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 49109-1078, USA
| | - Franciele R Maldaner
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Érica A Mendes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Aline R Sousa
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Rebeca C D'Allastta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Mendonça
- Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 49109-1078, USA
| | - Daniela B S Mendonça
- Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 49109-1078, USA
| | - Francisco J L Aragão
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Wei Z, Xing S. Stable plastid transformation of rice, a monocot cereal crop. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2376-2379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Genetic manipulations in crops: Challenges and opportunities. Genomics 2017; 109:494-505. [PMID: 28778540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An alarming increase in the human population necessitates doubling the world food production in the next few decades. Although a number of possible biotechnological measures are under consideration, central to these efforts is the development of transgenic crops to produce more food, and the traits with which plants could better adapt to adverse environmental conditions in a changing climate. The emergence of new tools for the introduction of foreign genes into plants has increased both our knowledge and the capacity to develop transgenic plants. In addition, a better understanding of genetic modifications has allowed us to study the impact that genetically modified crop plants may have on the environment. This article discusses different techniques routinely used to carry out genetic modifications in plants while highlighting challenges with them, which future research must address to increase acceptance of GM crops for meeting food security challenges effectively.
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Adem M, Beyene D, Feyissa T. Recent achievements obtained by chloroplast transformation. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:30. [PMID: 28428810 PMCID: PMC5395794 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play a great role for sustained wellbeing of life on the planet. They have the power and raw materials that can be used as sophisticated biological factories. They are rich in energy as they have lots of pigment-protein complexes capable of collecting sunlight, in sugar produced by photosynthesis and in minerals imported from the plant cell. Chloroplast genome transformation offers multiple advantages over nuclear genome which among others, include: integration of the transgene via homologus recombination that enables to eliminate gene silencing and position effect, higher level of transgene expression resulting into higher accumulations of foreign proteins, and significant reduction in environmental dispersion of the transgene due to maternal inheritance which helps to minimize the major critic of plant genetic engineering. Chloroplast genetic engineering has made fruit full progresses in the development of plants resistance to various stresses, phytoremediation of toxic metals, and production of vaccine antigens, biopharmaceuticals, biofuels, biomaterials and industrial enzymes. Although successful results have been achieved, there are still difficulties impeding full potential exploitation and expansion of chloroplast transformation technology to economical plants. These include, lack of species specific regulatory sequences, problem of selection and shoot regeneration, and massive expression of foreign genes resulting in phenotypic alterations of transplastomic plants. The aim of this review is to critically recapitulate the latest development of chloroplast transformation with special focus on the different traits of economic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Adem
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Forestry, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Madawalabu University, P.O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Oromiya Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Beyene
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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