1
|
Qin Z, Wang T, Zhao Y, Ma C, Shao Q. Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16039. [PMID: 38003229 PMCID: PMC10671748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been recognized: (1) lipolysis, in which lipid degradation is catalyzed by lipases on the LD surface, and (2) lipophagy, in which LDs are degraded by autophagy. Both of these pathways require the collective actions of several lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, some of which have been purified and analyzed for their in vitro activities. Furthermore, several genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and characterized. In seed plants, seed germination is initiated by the hydrolysis of stored lipids in LDs to provide energy and carbon equivalents for the germinating seedling. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating the LD mobilization. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding how lipids are degraded and the specific pathways that coordinate LD mobilization in plants, aiming to provide an accurate and detailed outline of the process. This will set the stage for future studies of LD dynamics and help to utilize LDs to their full potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leal-Dutra CA, Yuen LM, Guedes BAM, Contreras-Serrano M, Marques PE, Shik JZ. Evidence that the domesticated fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus recycles its cytoplasmic contents as nutritional rewards to feed its leafcutter ant farmers. IMA Fungus 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 37715276 PMCID: PMC10503033 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-023-00126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leafcutter ants farm a fungal cultivar (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus) that converts inedible vegetation into food that sustains colonies with up to millions of workers. Analogous to edible fruits of crops domesticated by humans, L. gongylophorus has evolved specialized nutritional rewards-swollen hyphal cells called gongylidia that package metabolites and are consumed by ant farmers. Yet, little is known about how gongylidia form, and thus how fungal physiology and ant provisioning collectively govern farming performance. We explored the process of gongylidium formation using advanced microscopy to image the cultivar at scales of nanometers, and both in vitro experiments and in silico analyses to examine the mechanisms of gongylidia formation when isolated from ant farmers. We first used transmission electron, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy imaging to see inside hyphal cells. This imaging showed that the cultivar uses a process called autophagy to recycle its own cellular material (e.g. cytosol, mitochondria) and then shuttles the resulting metabolites into a vacuole whose continual expansion displaces other organelles and causes the gongylidium cell's bulging bulb-like appearance. We next used scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to link this intracellular rearrangement to the external branching patterns of gongylidium cells as they clump together into edible bundles called staphyla. We next confirmed that autophagy plays a critical role in gongylidium formation both: (1) in vitro as gongylidium suppression occurred when isolated fungal cultures were grown on media with autophagy inhibitors, and (2) in silico as differential transcript expression (RNA-seq) analyses showed upregulation of multiple autophagy gene isoforms in gongylidia relative to undifferentiated hyphae. While autophagy is a ubiquitous and often highly derived process across the tree of life, our study reveals a new role for autophagy as a mechanism of functional integration between ant farmers and their fungal crop, and potentially as a signifier of higher-level homeostasis between uniquely life-time committed ectosymbionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio Ambrosio Leal-Dutra
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lok Man Yuen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 16, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Augusto Maciel Guedes
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, 35020-360, Brazil
| | - Marta Contreras-Serrano
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Zvi Shik
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Jin Y, Wu J, Ren Z. Beyond energy provider: multifunction of lipid droplets in embryonic development. Biol Res 2023; 56:38. [PMID: 37438836 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery, lipid droplets (LDs) have been recognized to be sites of cellular energy reserves, providing energy when necessary to sustain cellular life activities. Many studies have reported large numbers of LDs in eggs and early embryos from insects to mammals. The questions of how LDs are formed, what role they play, and what their significance is for embryonic development have been attracting the attention of researchers. Studies in recent years have revealed that in addition to providing energy for embryonic development, LDs in eggs and embryos also function to resist lipotoxicity, resist oxidative stress, inhibit bacterial infection, and provide lipid and membrane components for embryonic development. Removal of LDs from fertilized eggs or early embryos artificially leads to embryonic developmental arrest and defects. This paper reviews recent studies to explain the role and effect mechanisms of LDs in the embryonic development of several species and the genes involved in the regulation. The review contributes to understanding the embryonic development mechanism and provides new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to embryonic developmental abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai Li
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Dong Q, Geng Y, Ma C, Shao Q. Dynamic Regulation of Lipid Droplet Biogenesis in Plant Cells and Proteins Involved in the Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087476. [PMID: 37108639 PMCID: PMC10138601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous, dynamic organelles found in almost all organisms, including animals, protists, plants and prokaryotes. The cell biology of LDs, especially biogenesis, has attracted increasing attention in recent decades because of their important role in cellular lipid metabolism and other newly identified processes. Emerging evidence suggests that LD biogenesis is a highly coordinated and stepwise process in animals and yeasts, occurring at specific sites of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are defined by both evolutionarily conserved and organism- and cell type-specific LD lipids and proteins. In plants, understanding of the mechanistic details of LD formation is elusive as many questions remain. In some ways LD biogenesis differs between plants and animals. Several homologous proteins involved in the regulation of animal LD formation in plants have been identified. We try to describe how these proteins are synthesized, transported to the ER and specifically targeted to LD, and how these proteins participate in the regulation of LD biogenesis. Here, we review current work on the molecular processes that control LD formation in plant cells and highlight the proteins that govern this process, hoping to provide useful clues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qingdi Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yuhu Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu C, Fan J. Links between autophagy and lipid droplet dynamics. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2848-2858. [PMID: 35560198 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process in which cytoplasmic components are delivered to vacuoles or lysosomes for degradation and nutrient recycling. Autophagy-mediated degradation of membrane lipids provides a source of fatty acids for the synthesis of energy-rich, storage lipid esters such as triacylglycerol (TAG). In eukaryotes, storage lipids are packaged into dynamic subcellular organelles, lipid droplets. In times of energy scarcity, lipid droplets can be degraded via autophagy in a process termed lipophagy to release fatty acids for energy production via fatty acid β-oxidation. On the other hand, emerging evidence suggests that lipid droplets are required for the efficient execution of autophagic processes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of metabolic interactions between autophagy and TAG storage, and discuss mechanisms of lipophagy. Free fatty acids are cytotoxic due to their detergent-like properties and their incorporation into lipid intermediates that are toxic at high levels. Thus, we also discuss how cells manage lipotoxic stresses during autophagy-mediated mobilization of fatty acids from lipid droplets and organellar membranes for energy generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jilian Fan
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mugume Y, Ding G, Dueñas ME, Liu M, Lee YJ, Nikolau BJ, Bassham DC. Complex Changes in Membrane Lipids Associated with the Modification of Autophagy in Arabidopsis. Metabolites 2022; 12:190. [PMID: 35208263 PMCID: PMC8876039 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved mechanism among eukaryotes that degrades and recycles cytoplasmic components. Autophagy is known to influence the plant metabolome, including lipid content; however, its impact on the plant lipidome is not fully understood, and most studies have analyzed a single or few mutants defective in autophagy. To gain more insight into the effect of autophagy on lipid concentrations and composition, we quantitatively profiled glycerolipids from multiple Arabidopsis thaliana mutants altered in autophagy and compared them with wild-type seedlings under nitrogen replete (+N; normal growth) and nitrogen starvation (-N; autophagy inducing) conditions. Mutants include those in genes of the core autophagy pathway, together with other genes that have been reported to affect autophagy. Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS), we imaged the cellular distribution of specific lipids in situ and demonstrated that autophagy and nitrogen treatment did not affect their spatial distribution within Arabidopsis seedling leaves. We observed changes, both increases and decreases, in the relative amounts of different lipid species in the mutants compared to WT both in +N and -N conditions, although more changes were seen in -N conditions. The relative amounts of polyunsaturated and very long chain lipids were significantly reduced in autophagy-disrupted mutants compared to WT plants. Collectively, our results provide additional evidence that autophagy affects plant lipid content and that autophagy likely affects lipid properties such as chain length and unsaturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosia Mugume
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Geng Ding
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.D.); (B.J.N.)
| | - Maria Emilia Dueñas
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.E.D.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Meiling Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.E.D.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Basil J. Nikolau
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.D.); (B.J.N.)
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Diane C. Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Autophagy Improves ARA-Rich TAG Accumulation in Mortierella alpina by Regulating Resource Allocation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0130021. [PMID: 35138146 PMCID: PMC8881083 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01300-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the possibility of improving lipid production in oleaginous filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina based on an autophagy regulation strategy. According to multiomics information, vacuolate-centered macroautophagy was identified as the main type of autophagy in M. alpina under nitrogen-limited conditions. Mutation of autophagy-related gene MAatg8 led to impaired fatty acid synthesis, while overexpression of both MAatg8 and phosphatidylserine decarboxylases (MApsd2) showed promoting effects on fatty acid synthesis. MAatg8 overexpression strain with external supply of ethanolamine significantly increased arachidonic acid (ARA)-rich triacylglycerol (TAG) and biomass synthesis in M. alpina, and the final fatty acid content increased by approximately 110% compared with that in the wild-type strain. Metabolomics and lipidomics analyses revealed that cell autophagy enhanced the recycling of preformed carbon, nitrogen, and lipid in mycelium, and the released carbon skeleton and energy were contributed to the accumulation of TAG in M. alpina. This study suggests that regulation of autophagy-related MAatg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (MAatg8-PE) conjugation system could be a promising strategy for attaining higher lipid production and biomass growth. The mechanism of autophagy in regulating nitrogen limitation-induced lipid accumulation elucidated in this study provides a reference for development of autophagy-based strategies for improving nutrient use efficiency and high value-added lipid production by oleaginous microorganism. IMPORTANCE Studies have indicated that functional oil accumulation occurs in oleaginous microorganisms under nitrogen limitation. However, until now, large-scale application of nitrogen-deficiency strategies was limited by low biomass. Therefore, the identification of the critical nodes of nitrogen deficiency-induced lipid accumulation is urgently needed to further guide functional oil production. The significance of our research is in uncovering the function of cell autophagy in the ARA-rich TAG accumulation of oleaginous fungus M. alpina and demonstrating the feasibility of improving lipid production based on an autophagy regulation strategy at the molecular and omics levels. Our study proves that regulation of cell autophagy through the MAatg8-PE conjugation system-related gene overexpression or exogenous supply of ethanolamine would be an efficient strategy to increase and maintain biomass productivity when high TAG content is obtained under nitrogen deficiency, which could be useful for the development of new strategies that will achieve more biomass and maximal lipid productivity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Barros JAS, Magen S, Lapidot-Cohen T, Rosental L, Brotman Y, Araújo WL, Avin-Wittenberg T. Autophagy is required for lipid homeostasis during dark-induced senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1542-1558. [PMID: 33793926 PMCID: PMC8133563 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that mediates the degradation of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotic cells. In plants, autophagy has been extensively associated with the recycling of proteins during carbon-starvation conditions. Even though lipids constitute a significant energy reserve, our understanding of the function of autophagy in the management of cell lipid reserves and components remains fragmented. To further investigate the significance of autophagy in lipid metabolism, we performed an extensive lipidomic characterization of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) autophagy mutants (atg) subjected to dark-induced senescence conditions. Our results revealed an altered lipid profile in atg mutants, suggesting that autophagy affects the homeostasis of multiple lipid components under dark-induced senescence. The acute degradation of chloroplast lipids coupled with the differential accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and plastoglobuli indicates an alternative metabolic reprogramming toward lipid storage in atg mutants. The imbalance of lipid metabolism compromises the production of cytosolic lipid droplets and the regulation of peroxisomal lipid oxidation pathways in atg mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 9190401, Israel
| | - Sahar Magen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 9190401, Israel
| | - Taly Lapidot-Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Leah Rosental
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 9190401, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Podmaniczki A, Nagy V, Vidal-Meireles A, Tóth D, Patai R, Kovács L, Tóth SZ. Ascorbate inactivates the oxygen-evolving complex in prolonged darkness. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:232-245. [PMID: 33215703 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (Asc, vitamin C) is an essential metabolite participating in multiple physiological processes of plants, including environmental stress management and development. In this study, we acquired knowledge on the role of Asc in dark-induced leaf senescence using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model organism. One of the earliest effects of prolonged darkness is the inactivation of oxygen-evolving complexes (OEC) as demonstrated here by fast chlorophyll a fluorescence and thermoluminescence measurements. We found that inactivation of OEC due to prolonged darkness was attenuated in the Asc-deficient vtc2-4 mutant. On the other hand, the severe photosynthetic phenotype of a psbo1 knockout mutant, lacking the major extrinsic OEC subunit PSBO1, was further aggravated upon a 24-h dark treatment. The psbr mutant, devoid of the PSBR subunit of OEC, performed only slightly disturbed photosynthetic activity under normal growth conditions, whereas it showed a strongly diminished B thermoluminescence band upon dark treatment. We have also generated a double psbo1 vtc2 mutant, and it showed a slightly milder photosynthetic phenotype than the single psbo1 mutant. Our results, therefore, suggest that Asc leads to the inactivation of OEC in prolonged darkness by over-reducing the Mn-complex that is probably enabled by a dark-induced dissociation of the extrinsic OEC subunits. Our study is an example that Asc may negatively affect certain cellular processes and thus its concentration and localization need to be highly controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Podmaniczki
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Valéria Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Dávid Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barros JAS, Siqueira JAB, Cavalcanti JHF, Araújo WL, Avin-Wittenberg T. Multifaceted Roles of Plant Autophagy in Lipid and Energy Metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1141-1153. [PMID: 32565020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Together with sugars and proteins, lipids constitute the main carbon reserves in plants. Lipids are selectively recycled and catabolized for energy production during development and in response to environmental stresses. Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway, operating in the recycling of cellular components in eukaryotes. Although the autophagic degradation of lipids has been mainly characterized in mammals and yeast, growing evidence has highlighted the role of autophagy in several aspects of lipid metabolism in plants. Here, we summarize recent findings focusing on autophagy functions in lipid droplet (LD) metabolism. We further provide novel insights regarding the relevance of autophagy in the maintenance and clearance of mitochondria and peroxisomes and its consequences for proper lipid usage and energy homeostasis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - João A B Siqueira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - João H F Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Z, Zhou C, Shi H, Zhang N, Tang B, Ji N. Heme Induces BECN1/ATG5-Mediated Autophagic Cell Death via ER Stress in Neurons. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:1037-1048. [PMID: 32840757 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious medical problem, and effective treatment is limited. Hemorrhaged blood is highly toxic to the brain, and heme, which is mainly released from hemoglobin, plays a vital role in neurotoxicity. However, the specific mechanism involved in heme-mediated neurotoxicity has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated the neurotoxicity of heme in neurons. Neurons were treated with heme, and cell death, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in heme-induced cell death and the downstream effects were also assessed. We showed that heme induced cell death and autophagy in neurons. The suppression of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors (3-methyladenine) or RNA interference of essential autophagy genes (BECN1 and ATG5) decreased heme-induced cell death in neurons. Moreover, the ER stress activator thapsigargin increased cell autophagy and the cell death ratio following heme treatment. Autophagy promoted heme-induced cell apoptosis and cell death through the BECN1/ATG5 pathway. Our findings suggest that heme potentiates neuronal autophagy via ER stress, which in turn induces cell death via the BECN1/ATG5 pathway. Targeting ER stress-mediated autophagy might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Department of Neurology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Changlong Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Neurology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ortiz R, Geleta M, Gustafsson C, Lager I, Hofvander P, Löfstedt C, Cahoon EB, Minina E, Bozhkov P, Stymne S. Oil crops for the future. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 56:181-189. [PMID: 31982290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture faces enormous challenges including the need to substantially increase productivity, reduce environmental footprint, and deliver renewable alternatives that are being addressed by developing new oil crops for the future. The efforts include domestication of Lepidium spp. using genomics-aided breeding as a cold hardy perennial high-yielding oil crop that provides substantial environmental benefits, expands the geography for oil crops, and improves farmers' economy. In addition, genetic engineering in Crambe abyssinica may lead to a dedicated industrial oil crop to replace fossil oil. Redirection of photosynthates from starch to oil in plant tubers and cereal endosperm also provides a path for enhancing oil production to meet the growing demands for food, fuel, and biomaterials. Insect pheromone components are produced in seed oil plants in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly pest management replacing synthetically produced pheromones. Autophagy is explored for increasing crop fitness and oil accumulation using genetic engineering in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Gustafsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Per Hofvander
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elena Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sten Stymne
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Masclaux-Daubresse C, d’Andrea S, Bouchez I, Cacas JL. Reserve lipids and plant autophagy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2854-2861. [PMID: 32080724 PMCID: PMC7260719 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a universal mechanism that facilitates the degradation of unwanted cytoplasmic components in eukaryotic cells. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the investigation of the role of autophagy in lipid homeostasis in plants by comparison with algae, yeast, and animals. We consider the storage compartments that form the sources of lipids in plants, and the roles that autophagy plays in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and in the formation and maintenance of lipid droplets. We also consider the relationship between lipids and the biogenesis of autophagosomes, and the role of autophagy in the degradation of lipids in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine d’Andrea
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Bouchez
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Jean-Luc Cacas
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han B, Xu H, Feng Y, Xu W, Cui Q, Liu A. Genomic Characterization and Expressional Profiles of Autophagy-Related Genes ( ATGs) in Oilseed Crop Castor Bean ( Ricinus communis L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E562. [PMID: 31952322 PMCID: PMC7013546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular autophagy is a widely-occurring conserved process for turning over damaged organelles or recycling cytoplasmic contents in cells. Although autophagy-related genes (ATGs) have been broadly identified from many plants, little is known about the potential function of autophagy in mediating plant growth and development, particularly in recycling cytoplasmic contents during seed development and germination. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is one of the most important inedible oilseed crops. Its mature seed has a persistent and large endosperm with a hard and lignified seed coat, and is considered a model system for studying seed biology. Here, a total of 34 RcATG genes were identified in the castor bean genome and their sequence structures were characterized. The expressional profiles of these RcATGs were examined using RNA-seq and real-time PCR in a variety of tissues. In particular, we found that most RcATGs were significantly up-regulated in the later stage of seed coat development, tightly associated with the lignification of cell wall tissues. During seed germination, the expression patterns of most RcATGs were associated with the decomposition of storage oils. Furthermore, we observed by electron microscopy that the lipid droplets were directly swallowed by the vacuoles, suggesting that autophagy directly participates in mediating the decomposition of lipid droplets via the microlipophagy pathway in germinating castor bean seeds. This study provides novel insights into understanding the potential function of autophagy in mediating seed development and germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (B.H.); (W.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yingting Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (B.H.); (W.X.)
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in Southwest Mountains of China, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Yang Q, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Time-resolved multi-omics analysis reveals the role of nutrient stress-induced resource reallocation for TAG accumulation in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:116. [PMID: 32625246 PMCID: PMC7328260 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global resource reallocation is an established critical strategy through which organisms deal with environmental stress. The regulation of intracellular lipid storage or utilization is one of the most important strategies for maintaining energy homeostasis and optimizing growth. Oleaginous microorganisms respond to nitrogen deprivation by inducing lipid hyper accumulation; however, the associations between resource allocation and lipid accumulation are poorly understood. RESULTS Here, the time-resolved metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics data were generated in response to nutrient availability to examine how metabolic alternations induced by nitrogen deprivation drive the triacylglycerols (TAG) accumulation in M. alpina. The subsequent accumulation of TAG under nitrogen deprivation was a consequence of the reallocation of carbon, nitrogen sources, and lipids, rather than an up-regulation of TAG biosynthesis genes. On one hand, nitrogen deprivation induced the down-regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase level in TCA cycle and redirected glycolytic flux of carbon from amino acid biosynthesis into fatty acids' synthesis; on the other hand, nitrogen deprivation induced the up-regulation of cell autophagy and ubiquitin-mediated protein proteolysis which resulted in a recycling of preformed protein nitrogen and carbon. Combining with the up-regulation of glutamate decarboxylase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in GABA shunt, and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the central hub involving pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate/oxaloacetate, the products from nitrogen-containing compounds degradation were recycled to be intermediates of TCA cycle and be shunted toward de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. We found that nitrogen deprivation increased the protein level of phospholipase C/D that contributes to degradation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and supplied acyl chains for TAG biosynthesis pathway. In addition, ATP from substrate phosphorylation was presumed to be a critical factor regulation of the global resource allocation and fatty acids' synthesis rate. CONCLUSIONS The present findings offer a panoramic view of resource allocation by M. alpina in response to nutrient stress and revealed a set of intriguing associations between resource reallocation and TAG accumulation. This system-level insight provides a rich resource with which to explore in-depth functional characterization and gain information about the strategic combination of strain development and process integration to achieve optimal lipid productivity under nutrient stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004 China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004 China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Huang X, Lim DJ, Laserna AKC, Li SFY. Uptake and toxic effects of triphenyl phosphate on freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus: Insights from untargeted metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1239-1249. [PMID: 30308812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) has been widely detected in surface waters. Yet, little information is known regarding its impact on microalgae. We investigated the uptake and toxicity of TPhP on two freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Scenedesmus obliquus (SO) after exposure to 10 μg/l-10 mg/l for 5 days. The presence of microalgae significantly enhanced TPhP degradation, with the final concentrations dropped to 5.5-35.1% of the original concentrations. Most of the medium TPhP were sorbed and transformed by microalgae in just one day. Growth of CV was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas growth of SO were only inhibited significantly at 10 mg/l TPhP exposure. Mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics revealed concentration- and species-dependent metabolic responses. Exposure to TPhP in CV resulted in enhanced respiration (increase of fumarate and malate) and osmoregulation (increase of sucrose and myo-inositol), synthesis of membrane lipids (accumulation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), decrease of lysoglycerolipids, fatty acids, and glyceryl-glucoside). Exposure to TPhP in SO resulted in enhanced osmoregulation (increase of valine, proline, and raffinose) and lipolysis (decrease of MGDG, accumulation of fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and glycerol phosphate). Although chlorophyll a and b contents did not change significantly, decrease of chlorophyll derivatives was observed in both CV and SO at high exposure concentrations. Further bioassays confirmed that CV exhibited enhanced membrane integrity and decreased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) possibly as a defense strategy, whereas SO showed disruption of membrane integrity and induction of ROS at 10 mg/l exposure. This study demonstrated the potential of microalgae to remove TPhP in water, and offered new insights for the risk assessment of TPhP on freshwater microalgae using metabolomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
| | - Xulei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
| | - Dorothy Jingwen Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
| | | | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), #02-01, T-Lab Building (TL), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yoshitake Y, Ohta H, Shimojima M. Autophagy-Mediated Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Its Impact on the Growth in Algae and Seed Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:709. [PMID: 31214225 PMCID: PMC6558177 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Under nutrient starvation conditions, algae and seed-plant cells accumulate carbon metabolites such as storage lipids, triacylglycerols (TAGs), and starches. Recent research has suggested the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of carbon metabolites under nutrient starvation. When algae are grown under carbon starvation conditions, such as growth in darkness or in the presence of a photosynthesis inhibitor, lipid droplets are surrounded by phagophores. Indeed, the amount of TAGs in an autophagy-deficient mutant has been found to be greater than that in wild type under nitrogen starvation, and cerulenin, which is one of the inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis, induces autophagy. In land plants, TAGs accumulate predominantly in seeds and etiolated seedlings. These TAGs are degraded in peroxisomes via β-oxidation during germination as a source of carbon for growth without photosynthesis. A global analysis of the role of autophagy in Arabidopsis seedlings under carbon starvation revealed that a lack of autophagy enhances the accumulation of TAGs and fatty acids. In Oryza sativa, autophagy-mediated degradation of TAGs and diacylglycerols has been suggested to be important for pollen development. In this review, we introduce and summarize research findings demonstrating that autophagy affects lipid metabolism and discuss the role of autophagy in membrane and storage-lipid homeostasis, each of which affects the growth and development of seed plants and algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Yoshitake
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Open Innovation Platform with Enterprises, Research Institute and Academia (OPERA), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Mie Shimojima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mie Shimojima,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McLoughlin F, Augustine RC, Marshall RS, Li F, Kirkpatrick LD, Otegui MS, Vierstra RD. Maize multi-omics reveal roles for autophagic recycling in proteome remodelling and lipid turnover. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:1056-1070. [PMID: 30478358 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The turnover of cytoplasmic material by autophagic encapsulation and delivery to vacuoles is essential for recycling cellular constituents, especially under nutrient-limiting conditions. To determine how cells/tissues rely on autophagy, we applied in-depth multi-omic analyses to study maize (Zea mays) autophagy mutants grown under nitrogen-replete and -starvation conditions. Broad alterations in the leaf metabolome were evident in plants missing the core autophagy component ATG12, even in the absence of stress, particularly affecting products of lipid turnover and secondary metabolites, which were underpinned by substantial changes in the transcriptome and/or proteome. Cross-comparison of messenger RNA and protein abundances allowed for the identification of organelles, protein complexes and individual proteins targeted for selective autophagic clearance, and revealed several processes controlled by this catabolism. Collectively, we describe a facile multi-omic strategy to survey autophagic substrates, and show that autophagy has a remarkable influence in sculpting eukaryotic proteomes and membranes both before and during nutrient stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fionn McLoughlin
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Augustine
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard S Marshall
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Faqiang Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liam D Kirkpatrick
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Minina EA, Moschou PN, Vetukuri RR, Sanchez-Vera V, Cardoso C, Liu Q, Elander PH, Dalman K, Beganovic M, Lindberg Yilmaz J, Marmon S, Shabala L, Suarez MF, Ljung K, Novák O, Shabala S, Stymne S, Hofius D, Bozhkov PV. Transcriptional stimulation of rate-limiting components of the autophagic pathway improves plant fitness. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1415-1432. [PMID: 29365132 PMCID: PMC6019011 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a major catabolic process whereby autophagosomes deliver cytoplasmic content to the lytic compartment for recycling. Autophagosome formation requires two ubiquitin-like systems conjugating Atg12 with Atg5, and Atg8 with lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), respectively. Genetic suppression of these systems causes autophagy-deficient phenotypes with reduced fitness and longevity. We show that Atg5 and the E1-like enzyme, Atg7, are rate-limiting components of Atg8-PE conjugation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of ATG5 or ATG7 stimulates Atg8 lipidation, autophagosome formation, and autophagic flux. It also induces transcriptional changes opposite to those observed in atg5 and atg7 mutants, favoring stress resistance and growth. As a result, ATG5- or ATG7-overexpressing plants exhibit increased resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and oxidative stress, delayed aging and enhanced growth, seed set, and seed oil content. This work provides an experimental paradigm and mechanistic insight into genetic stimulation of autophagy in planta and shows its efficiency for improving plant productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: and
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramesh R Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Victoria Sanchez-Vera
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catarina Cardoso
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qinsong Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pernilla H Elander
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Dalman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mirela Beganovic
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Sofia Marmon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Lana Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Maria F Suarez
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, Malaga, Spain
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AS CR), Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hofius
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: and
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Avin-Wittenberg T, Baluška F, Bozhkov PV, Elander PH, Fernie AR, Galili G, Hassan A, Hofius D, Isono E, Le Bars R, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Minina EA, Peled-Zehavi H, Coll NS, Sandalio LM, Satiat-Jeunemaitre B, Sirko A, Testillano PS, Batoko H. Autophagy-related approaches for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop yield protection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1335-1353. [PMID: 29474677 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a eukaryotic catabolic pathway essential for growth and development. In plants, it is activated in response to environmental cues or developmental stimuli. However, in contrast to other eukaryotic systems, we know relatively little regarding the molecular players involved in autophagy and the regulation of this complex pathway. In the framework of the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) action TRANSAUTOPHAGY (2016-2020), we decided to review our current knowledge of autophagy responses in higher plants, with emphasis on knowledge gaps. We also assess here the potential of translating the acquired knowledge to improve crop plant growth and development in a context of growing social and environmental challenges for agriculture in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Frantisek Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pernilla H Elander
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gad Galili
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot Israel
| | - Ammar Hassan
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Hofius
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Isono
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Romain Le Bars
- Cell Biology Pôle Imagerie-Gif, Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Elena A Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hadas Peled-Zehavi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot Israel
| | - Núria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Béatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre
- Cell Biology Pôle Imagerie-Gif, Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pilar S Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Biological Research Centre (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henri Batoko
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Life Sciences, Croix du Sud, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|