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Sharma A, Dheer P, Rautela I, Thapliyal P, Thapliyal P, Bajpai AB, Sharma MD. A review on strategies for crop improvement against drought stress through molecular insights. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:173. [PMID: 38846012 PMCID: PMC11150236 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for food goods is rising along with the world population growth, which is directly related to the yield of agricultural crops around the world. However, a number of environmental factors, including floods, salinity, moisture, and drought, have a detrimental effect on agricultural production around the world. Among all of these stresses, drought stress (DS) poses a constant threat to agricultural crops and is a significant impediment to global agricultural productivity. Its potency and severity are expected to increase in the future years. A variety of techniques have been used to generate drought-resistant plants in order to get around this restriction. Different crop plants exhibit specific traits that contribute to drought resistance (DR), such as early flowering, drought escape (DE), and leaf traits. We are highlighting numerous methods that can be used to overcome the effects of DS in this review. Agronomic methods, transgenic methods, the use of sufficient fertilizers, and molecular methods such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs)-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, microRNA (miRNA) technology, and OMICS-based approaches make up the majority of these techniques. CRISPR technology has rapidly become an increasingly popular choice among researchers exploring natural tolerance to abiotic stresses although, only a few plants have been produced so far using this technique. In order to address the difficulties imposed by DS, new plants utilizing the CRISPR technology must be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Pallavi Dheer
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Indra Rautela
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Preeti Thapliyal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Priya Thapliyal
- Department of Biochemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Atal Bihari Bajpai
- Department of Botany, D.B.S. (PG) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Manish Dev Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
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Xing J, Xu H, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Bai M, Zhou X, Liu H, Wang Y. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolite Analysis Combined with Transcriptomics Reveals Genes Involved in Wax Biosynthesis in Allium fistulosum L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6106. [PMID: 38892292 PMCID: PMC11173144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuticular waxes are essential for protecting plants from various environmental stresses. Allium fistulosum serves as an excellent model for investigating the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax synthesis with notable epidermal wax characteristics. A combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolite analysis and transcriptomics was used to investigate variations in metabolites and gene expression patterns between the wild type (WT) and glossy mutant type (gl2) of A. fistulosum. The WT surface had a large number of acicular and lamellar waxy crystals, whereas the leaf surface of gl2 was essentially devoid of waxy crystals. And the results revealed a significant decrease in the content of 16-hentriacontanone, the principal component of cuticular wax, in the gl2 mutant. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 3084 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and gl2. Moreover, we identified 12 genes related to fatty acid or wax synthesis. Among these, 10 DEGs were associated with positive regulation of wax synthesis, whereas 2 genes exhibited negative regulatory functions. Furthermore, two of these genes were identified as key regulators through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Notably, the promoter region of AfisC5G01838 (AfCER1-LIKE1) exhibited a 258-bp insertion upstream of the coding region in gl2 and decreased the transcription of the AfCER1-LIKE1 gene. This study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms governing cuticular wax synthesis in A. fistulosum, laying the foundation for future breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xing
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Mifeng Bai
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuyang Zhou
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yongqin Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
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3
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Luo C, Akhtar M, Min W, Bai X, Ma T, Liu C. Domain of unknown function (DUF) proteins in plants: function and perspective. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:397-410. [PMID: 38158398 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Domains of unknown function (DUFs), which are deposited in the protein family database (Pfam), are protein domains with conserved amino acid sequences and uncharacterized functions. Proteins with the same DUF were classified as DUF families. Although DUF families are generally not essential for the survival of plants, they play roles in plant development and adaptation. Characterizing the functions of DUFs is important for deciphering biological puzzles. DUFs were generally studied through forward and reverse genetics. Some novelty approaches, especially the determination of crystal structures and interaction partners of the DUFs, should attract more attention. This review described the identification of DUF genes by genome-wide and transcriptome-wide analyses, summarized the function of DUF-containing proteins, and addressed the prospects for future studies in DUFs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengke Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Maryam Akhtar
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Weifang Min
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xiaorong Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Tianli Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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Xu L, Hao J, Lv M, Liu P, Ge Q, Zhang S, Yang J, Niu H, Wang Y, Xue Y, Lu X, Tang J, Zheng J, Gou M. A genome-wide association study identifies genes associated with cuticular wax metabolism in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2616-2630. [PMID: 38206190 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The plant cuticle is essential in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. To systematically elucidate the genetic architecture of maize (Zea mays L.) cuticular wax metabolism, 2 cuticular wax-related traits, the chlorophyll extraction rate (CER) and water loss rate (WLR) of 389 maize inbred lines, were investigated and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 1.25 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In total, 57 nonredundant quantitative trait loci (QTL) explaining 5.57% to 15.07% of the phenotypic variation for each QTL were identified. These QTLs contained 183 genes, among which 21 strong candidates were identified based on functional annotations and previous publications. Remarkably, 3 candidate genes that express differentially during cuticle development encode β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). While ZmKCS19 was known to be involved in cuticle wax metabolism, ZmKCS12 and ZmKCS3 functions were not reported. The association between ZmKCS12 and WLR was confirmed by resequencing 106 inbred lines, and the variation of WLR was significant between different haplotypes of ZmKCS12. In this study, the loss-of-function mutant of ZmKCS12 exhibited wrinkled leaf morphology, altered wax crystal morphology, and decreased C32 wax monomer levels, causing an increased WLR and sensitivity to drought. These results confirm that ZmKCS12 plays a vital role in maize C32 wax monomer synthesis and is critical for drought tolerance. In sum, through GWAS of 2 cuticular wax-associated traits, this study reveals comprehensively the genetic architecture in maize cuticular wax metabolism and provides a valuable reference for the genetic improvement of stress tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiaxin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengfan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qidong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Technology, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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5
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Liu J, Li L, Xiong Z, Robert CAM, Li B, He S, Chen W, Bi J, Zhai G, Guo S, Zhang H, Li J, Zhou S, Zhang X, Song CP. Trade-offs between the accumulation of cuticular wax and jasmonic acid-mediated herbivory resistance in maize. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:143-159. [PMID: 37975264 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex physical and chemical defense systems that allow them to withstand herbivory infestation. Composed of a complex mixture of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives, cuticular wax constitutes the first physical line of defense against herbivores. Here, we report the function of Glossy 8 (ZmGL8), which encodes a 3-ketoacyl reductase belonging to the fatty acid elongase complex, in orchestrating wax production and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defenses against herbivores in maize (Zea mays). The mutation of GL8 enhanced chemical defenses by activating the JA-dependent pathway. We observed a trade-off between wax accumulation and JA levels across maize glossy mutants and 24 globally collected maize inbred lines. In addition, we demonstrated that mutants defective in cuticular wax biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and maize exhibit enhanced chemical defenses. Comprehensive transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses indicated that the gl8 mutant confers chemical resistance to herbivores by remodeling VLCFA-related lipid metabolism and subsequent JA biosynthesis and signaling. These results suggest that VLCFA-related lipid metabolism has a critical role in regulating the trade-offs between cuticular wax and JA-mediated chemical defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhilong Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | | | - Baozhu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shan He
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiasheng Bi
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Guanqing Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jieping Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shutang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
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Yang T, Dong J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Zhou L, Yang W, Ma Y, Wang J, Fu H, Chen J, Li W, Hu H, Jiang X, Liu Z, Liu B, Zhang S. Genome-wide association mapping combined with gene-based haplotype analysis identify a novel gene for shoot length in rice (Oryza sativa L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:251. [PMID: 37985474 PMCID: PMC10661777 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genome-wide association mapping revealed a novel QTL for shoot length across multiple environments. Its causal gene, LOC_Os01g68500, was identified firstly through gene-based haplotype analysis, gene expression and knockout transgenic verification. Strong seedling vigor is an important breeding target for rice varieties used in direct seeding. Shoot length (SL) is one of the important traits associated with seedling vigor characterized by rapid growth of seedling, which enhance seedling emergence. Therefore, mining genes for SL and conducting molecular breeding help to develop varieties for direct seeding. However, few QTLs for SL have been fine mapped or cloned so far. In this study, a genome-wide association study of SL was performed in a diverse rice collection consisting of 391 accessions in two years, using phenotypes generated by different cultivation methods according to the production practice, and a total of twenty-four QTLs for SL were identified. Among them, the novel QTL qSL-1f on chromosome 1 could be stably detected across all three cultivation methods in the whole population and indica subpopulation. Through gene-based haplotype analysis of the annotated genes within the putative region of qSL-1f, and validated by gene expression and knockout transgenic experiments, LOC_Os01g68500 (i.e., Os01g0913100 in RAP-DB) was identified as the causal gene for SL, which has a single-base variation (C-to-A transversion) in its CDS region, resulting in the significant difference in SL of rice. LOC_Os01g68500 encodes a DUF538 (Domain of unknown function) containing protein, and the function of DUF538 protein gene on rice seedling growth is firstly reported in this study. These results provide a new clue for exploring the molecular mechanism regulating SL, and promising gene source for the molecular breeding in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tifeng Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jingfang Dong
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Longting Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yamei Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hua Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiansong Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haifei Hu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xianya Jiang
- Yangjiang Institute of Agricultural Science, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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7
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Chemelewski R, McKinley BA, Finlayson S, Mullet JE. Epicuticular wax accumulation and regulation of wax pathway gene expression during bioenergy Sorghum stem development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1227859. [PMID: 37936930 PMCID: PMC10626490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1227859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy sorghum is a drought-tolerant high-biomass C4 grass targeted for production on annual cropland marginal for food crops due primarily to abiotic constraints. To better understand the overall contribution of stem wax to bioenergy sorghum's resilience, the current study characterized sorghum stem cuticular wax loads, composition, morphometrics, wax pathway gene expression and regulation using vegetative phase Wray, R07020, and TX08001 genotypes. Wax loads on sorghum stems (~103-215 µg/cm2) were much higher than Arabidopsis stem and leaf wax loads. Wax on developing sorghum stem internodes was enriched in C28/30 primary alcohols (~65%) while stem wax on fully developed stems was enriched in C28/30 aldehydes (~80%). Scanning Electron Microscopy showed minimal wax on internodes prior to the onset of elongation and that wax tubules first appear associated with cork-silica cell complexes when internode cell elongation is complete. Sorghum homologs of genes involved in wax biosynthesis/transport were differentially expressed in the stem epidermis. Expression of many wax pathway genes (i.e., SbKCS6, SbCER3-1, SbWSD1, SbABCG12, SbABCG11) is low in immature apical internodes then increases at the onset of stem wax accumulation. SbCER4 is expressed relatively early in stem development consistent with accumulation of C28/30 primary alcohols on developing apical internodes. High expression of two SbCER3 homologs in fully elongated internodes is consistent with a role in production of C28/30 aldehydes. Gene regulatory network analysis aided the identification of sorghum homologs of transcription factors that regulate wax biosynthesis (i.e., SbSHN1, SbWRI1/3, SbMYB94/96/30/60, MYS1) and other transcription factors that could regulate and specify expression of the wax pathway in epidermal cells during cuticle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chemelewski
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Brian A. McKinley
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Scott Finlayson
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - John E. Mullet
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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8
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Wang L, Jäggi S, Cofer TM, Waterman JM, Walthert M, Glauser G, Erb M. Immature leaves are the dominant volatile-sensing organs of maize. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3679-3689.e3. [PMID: 37597519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive herbivory-induced volatiles and respond to them by upregulating their defenses. To date, the organs responsible for volatile perception remain poorly described. Here, we show that responsiveness to the herbivory-induced green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (HAC) in terms of volatile emission, transcriptional regulation, and jasmonate defense hormone activation is largely constrained to younger maize leaves. Older leaves are much less sensitive to HAC. In a given leaf, responsiveness to HAC is high at immature developmental stages and drops off rapidly during maturation. Responsiveness to the non-volatile elicitor ZmPep3 shows an opposite pattern, demonstrating that this form of hyposmia (i.e., decreased sense of smell) is not due to a general defect in jasmonate defense signaling in mature leaves. Neither stomatal conductance nor leaf cuticle composition explains the unresponsiveness of older leaves to HAC, suggesting perception mechanisms upstream of jasmonate signaling as driving factors. Finally, we show that hyposmia in older leaves is not restricted to HAC and extends to the full blend of herbivory-induced volatiles. In conclusion, our work identifies immature maize leaves as dominant stress volatile-sensing organs. The tight spatiotemporal control of volatile perception may facilitate within plant defense signaling to protect young leaves and may allow plants with complex architectures to explore the dynamic odor landscapes at the outer periphery of their shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Simon Jäggi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tristan M Cofer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jamie M Waterman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Walthert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
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9
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Ma P, Liu E, Zhang Z, Li T, Zhou Z, Yao W, Chen J, Wu J, Xu Y, Zhang H. Genetic variation in ZmWAX2 confers maize resistance to Fusarium verticillioides. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1812-1826. [PMID: 37293701 PMCID: PMC10440989 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides (F. verticillioides) is a widely distributed phytopathogen that incites multiple destructive diseases in maize, posing a grave threat to corn yields and quality worldwide. However, there are few reports of resistance genes to F. verticillioides. Here, we reveal that a combination of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to ZmWAX2 gene associates with quantitative resistance variations to F. verticillioides in maize through a genome-wide association study. A lack of ZmWAX2 compromises maize resistance to F. verticillioides-caused seed rot, seedling blight and stalk rot by reducing cuticular wax deposition, while the transgenic plants overexpressing ZmWAX2 show significantly increased immunity to F. verticillioides. A natural occurrence of two 7-bp deletions within the promoter increases ZmWAX2 transcription, thus enhancing maize resistance to F. verticillioides. Upon Fusarium stalk rot, ZmWAX2 greatly promotes the yield and grain quality of maize. Our studies demonstrate that ZmWAX2 confers multiple disease resistances caused by F. verticillioides and can serve as an important gene target for the development of F. verticillioides-resistant maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Ma
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Enpeng Liu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhirui Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zijian Zhou
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiafa Chen
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yufang Xu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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10
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Li Y, Wang W, Zhang N, Cheng Y, Hussain S, Wang Y, Tian H, Hussain H, Lin R, Yuan Y, Wang C, Wang T, Wang S. Antagonistic Regulation of ABA Responses by Duplicated Tandemly Repeated DUF538 Protein Genes in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2989. [PMID: 37631202 PMCID: PMC10459309 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) regulates plant responses to abiotic stresses by regulating the expression of ABA response genes. However, the functions of a large portion of ABA response genes have remained unclear. We report in this study the identification of ASDs (ABA-inducible signal peptide-containing DUF538 proteins), a subgroup of DUF538 proteins with a signal peptide, as the regulators of plant responses to ABA in Arabidopsis. ASDs are encoded by four closely related DUF538 genes, with ASD1/ASD2 and ASD3/ASD4 being two pairs of duplicated tandemly repeated genes. The quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the expression levels of ASDs increased significantly in response to ABA as well as NaCl and mannitol treatments, with the exception that the expression level of ASD2 remained largely unchanged in response to NaCl treatment. The results of Arabidopsis protoplast transient transfection assays showed that ASDs were localized on the plasma membrane and in the cytosol and nucleus. When recruited to the promoter of the reporter gene via a fused GD domain, ASDs were able to slightly repress the expression of the co-transfected reporter gene. Seed germination and cotyledon greening assays showed that ABA sensitivity was increased in the transgenic plants that were over-expressing ASD1 or ASD3 but decreased in the transgenic plants that were over-expressing ASD2 or ASD4. On the other hand, ABA sensitivity was increased in the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited asd2 single mutants but decreased in the asd3 single mutants. A transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the 35S:ASD2 transgenic plant seedlings were enriched in several different processes, including in plant growth and development, the secondary metabolism, and plant hormone signaling. In summary, our results show that ASDs are ABA response genes and that ASDs are involved in the regulation of plant responses to ABA in Arabidopsis; however, ASD1/ASD3 and ASD2/ASD4 have opposite functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (W.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (W.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Hadia Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Rao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (W.W.); (S.H.)
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11
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Zhao M, Peng Z, Qin Y, Tamang TM, Zhang L, Tian B, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lin G, Zheng H, He C, Lv K, Klaus A, Marcon C, Hochholdinger F, Trick HN, Liu Y, Cho MJ, Park S, Wei H, Zheng J, White FF, Liu S. Bacterium-enabled transient gene activation by artificial transcription factors for resolving gene regulation in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2736-2749. [PMID: 37233025 PMCID: PMC10396389 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding gene regulatory networks is essential to elucidate developmental processes and environmental responses. Here, we studied regulation of a maize (Zea mays) transcription factor gene using designer transcription activator-like effectors (dTALes), which are synthetic Type III TALes of the bacterial genus Xanthomonas and serve as inducers of disease susceptibility gene transcription in host cells. The maize pathogen Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum was used to introduce 2 independent dTALes into maize cells to induced expression of the gene glossy3 (gl3), which encodes a MYB transcription factor involved in biosynthesis of cuticular wax. RNA-seq analysis of leaf samples identified, in addition to gl3, 146 genes altered in expression by the 2 dTALes. Nine of the 10 genes known to be involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis were upregulated by at least 1 of the 2 dTALes. A gene previously unknown to be associated with gl3, Zm00001d017418, which encodes aldehyde dehydrogenase, was also expressed in a dTALe-dependent manner. A chemically induced mutant and a CRISPR-Cas9 mutant of Zm00001d017418 both exhibited glossy leaf phenotypes, indicating that Zm00001d017418 is involved in biosynthesis of cuticular waxes. Bacterial protein delivery of dTALes proved to be a straightforward and practical approach for the analysis and discovery of pathway-specific genes in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tej Man Tamang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yueying Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Guifang Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Huakun Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kaiwen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Alina Klaus
- INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Caroline Marcon
- INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Myeong-Je Cho
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Frank F White
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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12
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Langer M, Hilo A, Guan JC, Koch KE, Xiao H, Verboven P, Gündel A, Wagner S, Ortleb S, Radchuk V, Mayer S, Nicolai B, Borisjuk L, Rolletschek H. Causes and consequences of endogenous hypoxia on growth and metabolism of developing maize kernels. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1268-1288. [PMID: 36691698 PMCID: PMC10231453 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) kernels are the largest cereal grains, and their endosperm is severely oxygen deficient during grain fill. The causes, dynamics, and mechanisms of acclimation to hypoxia are minimally understood. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia develops in the small, growing endosperm, but not the nucellus, and becomes the standard state, regardless of diverse structural and genetic perturbations in modern maize (B73, popcorn, sweet corn), mutants (sweet4c, glossy6, waxy), and non-domesticated wild relatives (teosintes and Tripsacum species). We also uncovered an interconnected void space at the chalazal pericarp, providing superior oxygen supply to the placental tissues and basal endosperm transfer layer. Modeling indicated a very high diffusion resistance inside the endosperm, which, together with internal oxygen consumption, could generate steep oxygen gradients at the endosperm surface. Manipulation of oxygen supply induced reciprocal shifts in gene expression implicated in controlling mitochondrial functions (23.6 kDa Heat-Shock Protein, Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 2) and multiple signaling pathways (core hypoxia genes, cyclic nucleotide metabolism, ethylene synthesis). Metabolite profiling revealed oxygen-dependent shifts in mitochondrial pathways, ascorbate metabolism, starch synthesis, and auxin degradation. Long-term elevated oxygen supply enhanced the rate of kernel development. Altogether, evidence here supports a mechanistic framework for the establishment of and acclimation to hypoxia in the maize endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Langer
- Molecular Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilo
- Molecular Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jiahn-Chou Guan
- University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences Department, Fifield Hall, 2550 Hull Rd., PO Box 110690, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Karen E Koch
- University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences Department, Fifield Hall, 2550 Hull Rd., PO Box 110690, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Hui Xiao
- Biosystems Department, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, BIOSYST-MeBioS, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Biosystems Department, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, BIOSYST-MeBioS, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andre Gündel
- Molecular Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Molecular Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Stefan Ortleb
- Molecular Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Radchuk
- Molecular Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Simon Mayer
- Molecular Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Bart Nicolai
- Biosystems Department, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, BIOSYST-MeBioS, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Molecular Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Molecular Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
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13
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Wei J, Xu L, Shi Y, Cheng T, Tan W, Zhao Y, Li C, Yang X, Ouyang L, Wei M, Wang J, Lu G. Transcriptome profile analysis of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) during seed germination reveals the drought stress-induced genes associated with energy, hormone, and phenylpropanoid pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107750. [PMID: 37210860 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss) is an important oil and vegetable crop frequently affected by seasonal drought stress during seed germination, which retards plant growth and causes yield loss considerably. However, the gene networks regulating responses to drought stress in leafy Indian mustard remain elusive. Here, we elucidated the underlying gene networks and pathways of drought response in leafy Indian mustard using next-generation transcriptomic techniques. Phenotypic analysis showed that the drought-tolerant leafy Indian mustard cv. 'WeiLiang' (WL) had a higher germination rate, antioxidant capacity, and better growth performance than the drought-sensitive cv. 'ShuiDong' (SD). Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both cultivars under drought stress during four germination time points (i.e., 0, 12, 24, and 36 h); most of which were classified as drought-responsive, seed germination, and dormancy-related genes. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses, three main pathways (i.e., starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction) were unveiled involved in response to drought stress during seed germination. Furthermore, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified several hub genes (novel.12726, novel.1856, BjuB027900, BjuA003402, BjuA021578, BjuA005565, BjuB006596, novel.12977, and BjuA033308) associated with seed germination and drought stress in leafy Indian mustard. Taken together, these findings deepen our understanding of the gene networks for drought responses during seed germination in leafy Indian mustard and provide potential target genes for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Wei
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China; Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Linghui Xu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tianfang Cheng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenlan Tan
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongguo Zhao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Lejun Ouyang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Mingken Wei
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
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14
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Jiang Y, Su S, Chen H, Li S, Shan X, Li H, Liu H, Dong H, Yuan Y. Transcriptome analysis of drought-responsive and drought-tolerant mechanisms in maize leaves under drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13875. [PMID: 36775906 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major crop essential for food and feed, but its production is threatened by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Drought is one of the most common abiotic stresses, causing severe crop yield reduction. Although several studies have been devoted to selecting drought-tolerant maize lines and detecting the drought-responsive mechanism of maize, the transcriptomic differences between drought-tolerant and drought-susceptible maize lines are still largely unknown. In our study, RNA-seq was performed on leaves of the drought-tolerant line W9706 and the drought-susceptible line B73 after drought treatment. We identified 3147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two lines. The upregulated DEGs in W9706 were enriched in specific processes, including ABA signaling, wax biosynthesis, CHO metabolism, signal transduction and brassinosteroid biosynthesis-related processes, while the downregulated DEGs were enriched in specific processes, such as stomatal movement. Altogether, transcriptomic analysis suggests that the different drought resistances were correlated with the differential expression of genes, while the drought tolerance of W9706 is due to the more rapid response to stimulus, higher water retention capacity and stable cellular environment under water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengzhong Su
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Li
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongkui Liu
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haixiao Dong
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Yang Z, Qin F. The battle of crops against drought: Genetic dissection and improvement. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:496-525. [PMID: 36639908 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With ongoing global climate change, water scarcity-induced drought stress remains a major threat to agricultural productivity. Plants undergo a series of physiological and morphological changes to cope with drought stress, including stomatal closure to reduce transpiration and changes in root architecture to optimize water uptake. Combined phenotypic and multi-omics studies have recently identified a number of drought-related genetic resources in different crop species. The functional dissection of these genes using molecular techniques has enriched our understanding of drought responses in crops and has provided genetic targets for enhancing resistance to drought. Here, we review recent advances in the cloning and functional analysis of drought resistance genes and the development of technologies to mitigate the threat of drought to crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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16
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Germination Development of Powdery Mildew on Natural and Artificial Wheat Leaf Surfaces: A Study to Investigate Plant Wax Signals. SMALL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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17
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Fang S, Zhao P, Tan Z, Peng Y, Xu L, Jin Y, Wei F, Guo L, Yao X. Combining Physio-Biochemical Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Responses to Varying Degrees of Drought Stress in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158555. [PMID: 35955689 PMCID: PMC9368929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica napus L. has become one of the most important oil-bearing crops, and drought stress severely influences its yield and quality. By combining physio-biochemical characterization and transcriptome analysis, we studied the response of B. napus plants to different degrees of drought stress. Some physio-biochemical traits, such as fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), abscisic acid (ABA) content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (Tr), were measured, and the total content of the epidermal wax/cutin, as well as their compositions, was determined. The results suggest that both stomatal transpiration and cuticular transpiration are affected when B. napus plants are subjected to varying degrees of drought stress. A total of 795 up-regulated genes and 1050 down-regulated genes were identified under severe drought stress by transcriptome analysis. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that the up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the stress response processes, such as response to water deprivation and abscisic acid, while the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the chloroplast-related parts affecting photosynthesis. Moreover, overexpression of BnaA01.CIPK6, an up-regulated DEG, was found to confer drought tolerance in B. napus. Our study lays a foundation for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.F.); (P.Z.); (Z.T.); (Y.P.); (L.X.); (Y.J.); (L.G.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peimin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.F.); (P.Z.); (Z.T.); (Y.P.); (L.X.); (Y.J.); (L.G.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.F.); (P.Z.); (Z.T.); (Y.P.); (L.X.); (Y.J.); (L.G.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.F.); (P.Z.); (Z.T.); (Y.P.); (L.X.); (Y.J.); (L.G.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lintang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.F.); (P.Z.); (Z.T.); (Y.P.); (L.X.); (Y.J.); (L.G.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yutong Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.F.); (P.Z.); (Z.T.); (Y.P.); (L.X.); (Y.J.); (L.G.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.F.); (P.Z.); (Z.T.); (Y.P.); (L.X.); (Y.J.); (L.G.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.F.); (P.Z.); (Z.T.); (Y.P.); (L.X.); (Y.J.); (L.G.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Lin M, Qiao P, Matschi S, Vasquez M, Ramstein GP, Bourgault R, Mohammadi M, Scanlon MJ, Molina I, Smith LG, Gore MA. Integrating GWAS and TWAS to elucidate the genetic architecture of maize leaf cuticular conductance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2144-2158. [PMID: 35512195 PMCID: PMC9342973 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle, a hydrophobic layer of cutin and waxes synthesized by plant epidermal cells, is the major barrier to water loss when stomata are closed. Dissecting the genetic architecture of natural variation for maize (Zea mays L.) leaf cuticular conductance (gc) is important for identifying genes relevant to improving crop productivity in drought-prone environments. To this end, we performed an integrated genome- and transcriptome-wide association studies (GWAS and TWAS) to identify candidate genes putatively regulating variation in leaf gc. Of the 22 plausible candidate genes identified, 4 were predicted to be involved in cuticle precursor biosynthesis and export, 2 in cell wall modification, 9 in intracellular membrane trafficking, and 7 in the regulation of cuticle development. A gene encoding an INCREASED SALT TOLERANCE1-LIKE1 (ISTL1) protein putatively involved in intracellular protein and membrane trafficking was identified in GWAS and TWAS as the strongest candidate causal gene. A set of maize nested near-isogenic lines that harbor the ISTL1 genomic region from eight donor parents were evaluated for gc, confirming the association between gc and ISTL1 in a haplotype-based association analysis. The findings of this study provide insights into the role of regulatory variation in the development of the maize leaf cuticle and will ultimately assist breeders to develop drought-tolerant maize for target environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lin
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Pengfei Qiao
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | - Miguel Vasquez
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Richard Bourgault
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Marc Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Michael J Scanlon
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Laurie G Smith
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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19
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Yang Y, Shi J, Chen L, Xiao W, Yu J. ZmEREB46, a maize ortholog of Arabidopsis WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1, is involved in the biosynthesis of leaf epicuticular very-long-chain waxes and drought tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111256. [PMID: 35696901 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aerial surfaces of plants are covered by a layer of cuticular wax that is composed of long-chain hydrocarbon compounds for protection against adverse environmental conditions. The current study identified a maize (Zea mays L.) APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein (AP2/EREBP)-type transcription factor, ZmEREB46. Ectopic expression of ZmEREB46 in Arabidopsis increased the accumulation of epicuticular wax on the leaves and enhanced the drought tolerance of plants. The amounts of C24/C32 fatty acids, C32/C34 aldehydes, C32/C34 1-alcohols and C31 alkanes in zmereb46 (ZmEREB46 knockout mutant) leaves were reduced. The amount of leaf total epicuticular wax decreased approximately 50% in zmereb46. Compared to wild-type LH244 leaves, the cuticle permeability of zmereb46 leaves was increased, which resulted from decreased epicuticular wax load and a thinner cuticle layer. ZmEREB46 had transcriptional activation activity and directly bound to promoter regions of ZmCER2, ZmCER3.2 and ZmKCS1. The zmereb46 seedlings also exhibited reduced drought tolerance. These results, and the observations in ZmEREB46-overexpressing lines, suggest that ZmEREB46 is involved in cuticular metabolism by influencing the biosynthesis of very-long-chain waxes and participates in the cutin biosynthesis pathway. These results are helpful to further analyze the regulatory network of wax accumulation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; China Tobacco Jiangsu Industry CO., Ltd, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Limei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Chengdu Shishi High School, Sichuan 610052, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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20
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Liu L, Wang X, Chang C. Toward a smart skin: Harnessing cuticle biosynthesis for crop adaptation to drought, salinity, temperature, and ultraviolet stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961829. [PMID: 35958191 PMCID: PMC9358614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation are major environmental factors that adversely affect plant growth and crop production. As a protective shield covering the outer epidermal cell wall of plant aerial organs, the cuticle is mainly composed of cutin matrix impregnated and sealed with cuticular waxes, and greatly contributes to the plant adaption to environmental stresses. Past decades have seen considerable progress in uncovering the molecular mechanism of plant cutin and cuticular wax biosynthesis, as well as their important roles in plant stress adaptation, which provides a new direction to drive strategies for stress-resilient crop breeding. In this review, we highlighted the recent advances in cuticle biosynthesis in plant adaptation to drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and UV radiation stress, and discussed the current status and future directions in harnessing cuticle biosynthesis for crop improvement.
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21
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Zhao Z, Ju Y, Kou M, Tian M, Christensen MJ, Zhang X, Nan Z. Cuticular Wax Modification by Epichloë Endophyte in Achnatherum inebrians under Different Soil Moisture Availability. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070725. [PMID: 35887480 PMCID: PMC9325231 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cuticular wax serves as the outermost hydrophobic barrier of plants against nonstomatal water loss and various environmental stresses. An objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of the mutualistic fungal endophyte Epichloë gansuensis to leaf cuticular wax of Achnatherum inebrians under different soil moisture availability. Through a pot experiment and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) analysis, our results indicated that the hydrocarbons were the dominant components of leaf cuticular wax, and the proportion of alcohols, aldehydes, amines, and ethers varied with the presence or absence of E. gansuensis and different soil moisture availability. Amines and ethers are unique in endophyte-free (EF) A. inebrians plants and endophyte-infected (EI) A. inebrians plants, respectively. By transcriptome analysis, we found a total of 13 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cuticular biosynthesis, including FabG, desB, SSI2, fadD, BiP, KCS, KAR, FAR, and ABCB1. A model is proposed which provides insights for understanding cuticular wax biosynthesis in the association of A. inebrians plants with E. gansuensis. These results may help guide the functional analyses of candidate genes important for improving the protective layer of cuticular wax of endophyte-symbiotic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (M.K.); (Z.N.)
| | - Yawen Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (M.K.); (Z.N.)
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai’an 223001, China
| | - Mingzhu Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (M.K.); (Z.N.)
| | - Mei Tian
- Institute of Horticulture, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (X.Z.)
| | | | - Xingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (M.K.); (Z.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (M.K.); (Z.N.)
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22
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Yang Q, Yang X, Wang L, Zheng B, Cai Y, Ogutu CO, Zhao L, Peng Q, Liao L, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Han Y. Two R2R3-MYB genes cooperatively control trichome development and cuticular wax biosynthesis in Prunus persica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:179-196. [PMID: 35023174 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fruit surface has an enormous impact on the external appearance and postharvest shelf-life of fruit. Here, we report two functionally redundant genes, PpMYB25 and PpMYB26, involved in regulation of fruit skin texture in peach. PpMYB25 can activate transcription of PpMYB26 and they both induce trichome development and cuticular wax accumulation, resulting in peach fruit with a fuzzy and dull appearance. By contrast, nonfunctional mutation of PpMYB25 caused by an insertional retrotransposon in the last exon in nectarine fails to activate transcription of PpMYB26, resulting in nectarine fruit with a smooth and shiny appearance due to loss of trichome initiation and decreased cuticular wax accumulation. Secondary cell wall biosynthesis in peach fruit pubescence is controlled by a transcriptional regulatory network, including the master regulator PpNAC43 and its downstream MYB transcription factors such as PpMYB42, PpMYB46 and PpMYB83. Our results show that PpMYB25 and PpMYB26 coordinately regulate fruit pubescence and cuticular wax accumulation and their simultaneous perturbation results in the origin of nectarine, which is botanically classified as a subspecies of peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yaming Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Collins Otieno Ogutu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liao Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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23
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Stocky1, a Novel Gene Involved in Maize Seedling Development and Cuticle Integrity. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070847. [PMID: 35406827 PMCID: PMC9003528 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cuticle is the plant’s outermost layer that covers the surfaces of aerial parts. This structure is composed of a variety of aliphatic molecules and is well-known for its protective role against biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Mutants with a permeable cuticle show developmental defects such as organ fusions and altered seed germination and viability. In this study, we identified a novel maize mutant, stocky1, with unique features: lethal at the seedling stage, and showing a severely dwarfed phenotype, due to a defective cuticle. For the first time, the mutant was tentatively mapped to chromosome 5, bin 5.04. The mutant phenotype investigated in this work has the potential to contribute to the elucidation of the role of the cuticle during plant development. The possibility of controlling this trait is of relevance in the context of climate change, as it may contribute to tolerance to abiotic stresses.
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Genome-Wide Profiling of Alternative Splicing and Gene Fusion during Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030456. [PMID: 35328010 PMCID: PMC8955601 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) causes maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD), which is a viral disease that significantly affects maize yields worldwide. Plants tolerate stress through transcriptional reprogramming at the alternative splicing (AS), transcriptional, and fusion gene (FG) levels. However, it is unclear whether and how AS and FG interfere with transcriptional reprogramming in MRDD. In this study, we performed global profiling of AS and FG on maize response to RBSDV and compared it with transcriptional changes. There are approximately 1.43 to 2.25 AS events per gene in maize infected with RBSDV. GRMZM2G438622 was only detected in four AS modes (A3SS, A5SS, RI, and SE), whereas GRMZM2G059392 showed downregulated expression and four AS events. A total of 106 and 176 FGs were detected at two time points, respectively, including six differentially expressed genes and five differentially spliced genes. The gene GRMZM2G076798 was the only FG that occurred at two time points and was involved in two FG events. Among these, 104 GOs were enriched, indicating that nodulin-, disease resistance-, and chloroplastic-related genes respond to RBSDV stress in maize. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying post-transcriptional and transcriptional regulation of maize response to RBSDV stress.
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25
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Optogenetic and Chemical Induction Systems for Regulation of Transgene Expression in Plants: Use in Basic and Applied Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031737. [PMID: 35163658 PMCID: PMC8835832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous and ubiquitous expression of foreign genes sometimes results in harmful effects on the growth, development and metabolic activities of plants. Tissue-specific promoters help to overcome this disadvantage, but do not allow one to precisely control transgene expression over time. Thus, inducible transgene expression systems have obvious benefits. In plants, transcriptional regulation is usually driven by chemical agents under the control of chemically-inducible promoters. These systems are diverse, but usually contain two elements, the chimeric transcription factor and the reporter gene. The commonly used chemically-induced expression systems are tetracycline-, steroid-, insecticide-, copper-, and ethanol-regulated. Unlike chemical-inducible systems, optogenetic tools enable spatiotemporal, quantitative and reversible control over transgene expression with light, overcoming limitations of chemically-inducible systems. This review updates and summarizes optogenetic and chemical induction methods of transgene expression used in basic plant research and discusses their potential in field applications.
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26
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Singh PK, Indoliya Y, Agrawal L, Awasthi S, Deeba F, Dwivedi S, Chakrabarty D, Shirke PA, Pandey V, Singh N, Dhankher OP, Barik SK, Tripathi RD. Genomic and proteomic responses to drought stress and biotechnological interventions for enhanced drought tolerance in plants. CURRENT PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 29:100239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2022.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
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27
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Abhilasha A, Roy Choudhury S. Molecular and Physiological Perspectives of Abscisic Acid Mediated Drought Adjustment Strategies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122769. [PMID: 34961239 PMCID: PMC8708728 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most prevalent unfavorable condition that impairs plant growth and development by altering morphological, physiological, and biochemical functions, thereby impeding plant biomass production. To survive the adverse effects, water limiting condition triggers a sophisticated adjustment mechanism orchestrated mainly by hormones that directly protect plants via the stimulation of several signaling cascades. Predominantly, water deficit signals cause the increase in the level of endogenous ABA, which elicits signaling pathways involving transcription factors that enhance resistance mechanisms to combat drought-stimulated damage in plants. These responses mainly include stomatal closure, seed dormancy, cuticular wax deposition, leaf senescence, and alteration of the shoot and root growth. Unraveling how plants adjust to drought could provide valuable information, and a comprehensive understanding of the resistance mechanisms will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance under water limiting conditions. This review deals with the past and recent updates of ABA-mediated molecular mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the challenges of drought stress.
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Yu CY, Sharma O, Nguyen PHT, Hartono CD, Kanehara K. A pair of DUF538 domain-containing proteins modulates plant growth and trichome development through the transcriptional regulation of GLABRA1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:992-1004. [PMID: 34496091 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SMALLER TRICHOMES WITH VARIABLE BRANCHES (SVB) is an emerging plant growth regulator in trichome development, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and phosphoinositide signaling, and belongs to the land plant-specific DUF538 domain-containing protein family. Despite its multifaceted roles, the functions of this protein family are poorly understood in plant growth and development. Here, we report that SVB-like (SVBL), the closest homolog of SVB, modulates plant growth and trichome development with SVB in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although none of the single mutants showed an obvious growth defect, the double mutants of svb svbl exhibited dwarfed plant growth. In trichome development, the defects in svb mutant were greatly enhanced by the additional mutation in SVBL, despite the single knockout of SVBL showing the mild defects. The double mutation reduced the transcript level of one of the central hub genes for trichome development, GLABRA1 (GL1), which in turn affects the other downstream genes, GLABRA2 (GL2), TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2), TRIPTYCHON (TRY), CAPRICE (CPC), and ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 (ETC1). In situ translational reporter assays showed that SVB and SVBL share highly similar localization patterns both at tissue and subcellular levels. The present study suggests that SVB and SVBL play a pivotal role in plant growth and trichome development by affecting a specific subset of known trichome developmental regulators, highlighting the importance of the DUF538 protein family in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Oshin Sharma
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Phong H T Nguyen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chynthia D Hartono
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Kolahi M, Faghani E, Kazemian M, Goldson-Barnaby A, Dodangi S. Changes in secondary metabolites and fiber quality of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum) seed under consecutive water stress and in silico analysis of cellulose synthase and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1837-1857. [PMID: 34539119 PMCID: PMC8405814 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has led to severe drought conditions. The selection of plant varieties that can withstand drought and produce increased yields are of utmost importance. In the current study, secondary metabolites, seed trait and fiber characteristic of cottonseeds (Gossypium hirsutum) exposed to double and third water stress exposure was investigated. Total phenol and tannin content in W1S33 increased significantly after third water stress exposure. Accumulation of wax was enhanced in seeds of W3S33 and W3S34 that were subjected to third water stress. Fiber quality parameters decreased when cottonseeds were rainfed. High irrigation resulted in fragile and delicate fiber. Seeds grown under 66% FC irrigation saved water and produced seeds that had the potential of producing high quality fibers. In silico analysis was performed on cellulose synthase A (CesA) and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) enzymes present in Gossypium hirsutum. The intracellular locations of the CesA and XET1 enzymes are the plasma membrane and cell wall, respectively. Proline is conserved in the C-terminal of the CesA enzyme and plays an important role in enzyme functionality. This study provides a better understanding as to the mechanisms by which the plant can tolerate and combat water stress conditions as well as reduce water consumption. In order to grow cotton seeds with desirable morphometric characteristics and optimal fibers under water stress exposure and in dry areas, it is better to use seeds that are irrigated under optimal irrigation conditions, ie 66% FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kolahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 61357-43169 Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Faghani
- Agronomy Department, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Cotton Research Institute, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mina Kazemian
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sedighe Dodangi
- Expertise Lab, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Cotton Research Institute, Gorgan, Iran
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Yi Q, Álvarez-Iglesias L, Malvar RA, Romay MC, Revilla P. A worldwide maize panel revealed new genetic variation for cold tolerance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1083-1094. [PMID: 33582854 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A large association panel of 836 maize inbreds revealed a broader genetic diversity of cold tolerance, as predominantly favorable QTL with small effects were identified, indicating that genomic selection is the most promising option for breeding maize for cold tolerance. Maize (Zea mays L.) has limited cold tolerance, and breeding for cold tolerance is a noteworthy bottleneck for reaching the high potential of maize production in temperate areas. In this study, we evaluate a large panel of 836 maize inbred lines to detect genetic loci and candidate genes for cold tolerance at the germination and seedling stages. Genetic variation for cold tolerance was larger than in previous reports with moderately high heritability for most traits. We identified 187 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were integrated into 159 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for emergence and traits related to early growth. Most of the QTL have small effects and are specific for each environment, with the majority found under control conditions. Favorable alleles are more frequent in 120 inbreds including all germplasm groups, but mainly from Minnesota and Spain. Therefore, there is a large, potentially novel, genetic variability in the germplasm groups represented by these inbred lines. Most of the candidate genes are involved in metabolic processes and intracellular membrane-bounded organelles. We expect that further evaluations of germplasm with broader genetic diversity could identify additional favorable alleles for cold tolerance. However, it is not likely that further studies will find favorable alleles with large effects for improving cold tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yi
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, E-36080, Pontevedra, Spain
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - L Álvarez-Iglesias
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, E-36080, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - R A Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, E-36080, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - M C Romay
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Pedro Revilla
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, E-36080, Pontevedra, Spain.
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A co-opted steroid synthesis gene, maintained in sorghum but not maize, is associated with a divergence in leaf wax chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022982118. [PMID: 33723068 PMCID: PMC8000359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022982118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all above-ground plant surfaces, such as leaf and stem exteriors, are covered in a cuticle: a wax-infused polyester. This waxy biocomposite is the largest interface between Earth’s biosphere and atmosphere. Its chemical composition is not only highly tuned to mediate nonstomatal water loss, but it also self-assembles to produce superhydrophobic surfaces, protects against UV radiation, and contains bioactive compounds that help resist microbial attack. Developing fundamental knowledge of waxy biocomposites, particularly those on crop species, is a prerequisite for an understanding of their structure–function relationships. Here, we uncover a likely genetic basis for the presence and absence, respectively, of triterpenoids in the leaf waxes of sorghum and maize—compounds previously associated with creating heat-tolerant cuticular water barriers. Virtually all land plants are coated in a cuticle, a waxy polyester that prevents nonstomatal water loss and is important for heat and drought tolerance. Here, we describe a likely genetic basis for a divergence in cuticular wax chemistry between Sorghum bicolor, a drought tolerant crop widely cultivated in hot climates, and its close relative Zea mays (maize). Combining chemical analyses, heterologous expression, and comparative genomics, we reveal that: 1) sorghum and maize leaf waxes are similar at the juvenile stage but, after the juvenile-to-adult transition, sorghum leaf waxes are rich in triterpenoids that are absent from maize; 2) biosynthesis of the majority of sorghum leaf triterpenoids is mediated by a gene that maize and sorghum both inherited from a common ancestor but that is only functionally maintained in sorghum; and 3) sorghum leaf triterpenoids accumulate in a spatial pattern that was previously shown to strengthen the cuticle and decrease water loss at high temperatures. These findings uncover the possibility for resurrection of a cuticular triterpenoid-synthesizing gene in maize that could create a more heat-tolerant water barrier on the plant’s leaf surfaces. They also provide a fundamental understanding of sorghum leaf waxes that will inform efforts to divert surface carbon to intracellular storage for bioenergy and bioproduct innovations.
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Li L, Chai L, Xu H, Zhai H, Wang T, Zhang M, You M, Peng H, Yao Y, Hu Z, Xin M, Guo W, Sun Q, Chen X, Ni Z. Phenotypic characterization of the glossy1 mutant and fine mapping of GLOSSY1 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:835-847. [PMID: 33404673 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel wax locus GLOSSY1 was finely mapped to an approximately 308.1-kbp genomic interval on chromosome 2DS of wheat. The epicuticular wax, the outermost layer of aerial organs, gives plants their bluish-white (glaucous) appearance. Epicuticular wax is ubiquitous and provides an essential protective function against environmental stresses. In this study, we identified the glossy1 mutant on the basis of its glossy glume from an EMS population in the elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Jimai22. The mutant had a dramatically different profile in total wax load and composition of individual wax constituents relative to the wild type, resulting in the increased cuticle permeability of glumes. The glossy glume phenotype was controlled by a single, semidominant locus mapping to the short arm of chromosome 2D, within a 308.1-kbp genomic interval that contained ten annotated protein-coding genes. These results pave the way for an in-depth analysis of the underlying genetic basis of wax formation patterns and enrich our understanding of mechanisms regulating wax metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingling Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huanwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huijie Zhai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Dryland Agricultural Research Centre, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Mingshan You
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiyong Chen
- Hebei Crop Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China.
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing Municipality/China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China.
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33
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Liu X, Bourgault R, Galli M, Strable J, Chen Z, Feng F, Dong J, Molina I, Gallavotti A. The FUSED LEAVES1-ADHERENT1 regulatory module is required for maize cuticle development and organ separation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:388-402. [PMID: 32738820 PMCID: PMC7754373 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
All aerial epidermal cells in land plants are covered by the cuticle, an extracellular hydrophobic layer that provides protection against abiotic and biotic stresses and prevents organ fusion during development. Genetic and morphological analysis of the classic maize adherent1 (ad1) mutant was combined with genome-wide binding analysis of the maize MYB transcription factor FUSED LEAVES1 (FDL1), coupled with transcriptional profiling of fdl1 mutants. We show that AD1 encodes an epidermally-expressed 3-KETOACYL-CoA SYNTHASE (KCS) belonging to a functionally uncharacterized clade of KCS enzymes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Wax analysis in ad1 mutants indicates that AD1 functions in the formation of very-long-chain wax components. We demonstrate that FDL1 directly binds to CCAACC core motifs present in AD1 regulatory regions to activate its expression. Over 2000 additional target genes of FDL1, including many involved in cuticle formation, drought response and cell wall organization, were also identified. Our results identify a regulatory module of cuticle biosynthesis in maize that is conserved across monocots and eudicots, and highlight previously undescribed factors in lipid metabolism, transport and signaling that coordinate organ development and cuticle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Richard Bourgault
- Department of BiologyAlgoma UniversitySault Ste. MarieONP6A 2G4Canada
| | - Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Josh Strable
- School of Integrative Plant SciencePlant Biology SectionCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Fan Feng
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Jiaqiang Dong
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of BiologyAlgoma UniversitySault Ste. MarieONP6A 2G4Canada
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ08901USA
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34
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Liu X, Bourgault R, Galli M, Strable J, Chen Z, Feng F, Dong J, Molina I, Gallavotti A. The FUSED LEAVES1-ADHERENT1 regulatory module is required for maize cuticle development and organ separation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:388-402. [PMID: 32738820 DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.11.943787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
All aerial epidermal cells in land plants are covered by the cuticle, an extracellular hydrophobic layer that provides protection against abiotic and biotic stresses and prevents organ fusion during development. Genetic and morphological analysis of the classic maize adherent1 (ad1) mutant was combined with genome-wide binding analysis of the maize MYB transcription factor FUSED LEAVES1 (FDL1), coupled with transcriptional profiling of fdl1 mutants. We show that AD1 encodes an epidermally-expressed 3-KETOACYL-CoA SYNTHASE (KCS) belonging to a functionally uncharacterized clade of KCS enzymes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Wax analysis in ad1 mutants indicates that AD1 functions in the formation of very-long-chain wax components. We demonstrate that FDL1 directly binds to CCAACC core motifs present in AD1 regulatory regions to activate its expression. Over 2000 additional target genes of FDL1, including many involved in cuticle formation, drought response and cell wall organization, were also identified. Our results identify a regulatory module of cuticle biosynthesis in maize that is conserved across monocots and eudicots, and highlight previously undescribed factors in lipid metabolism, transport and signaling that coordinate organ development and cuticle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Richard Bourgault
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Josh Strable
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Fan Feng
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Trishla VS, Kirti PB. Structure-function relationship of Gossypium hirsutum NAC transcription factor, GhNAC4 with regard to ABA and abiotic stress responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110718. [PMID: 33288024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of GhNAC4, a NAC transcription factor from cotton, was induced by abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA). In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ABA and stress response of GhNAC4. Overexpression of GhNAC4 in transgenic tobacco conferred tolerance to salinity and drought treatments with associated enhanced expression of several stress-responsive marker genes. GhNAC4 is a protein that is translocated to the nucleus where it exhibits transcriptional activation property and also forms homo-dimers. In this study, we also investigated the domains essential for the biochemical functions of GhNAC4. We developed transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the GhNAC4 NAC-domain and the transcriptional regulatory (TR) domain separately. NAC-domain transgenics showed hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA while TR-domain transgenics exhibited reduced sensitivity. Abiotic stress assays indicated that transgenic plants expressing both the domains separately were more tolerant than wild type plants with the NAC-domain transgenics showing increased tolerance as compared to TR-domain transgenics. Expression analysis revealed that various stress-responsive genes were upregulated in both NAC-domain and TR-domain transgenics under salinity and drought treatments. These results suggest that the stress tolerance ability of GhNAC4 is associated with both the component domains while the ABA responsiveness is largely associated with N-terminal NAC-domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Shalibhadra Trishla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Pulugurtha Bharadwaja Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India; Agri Biotech Foundation, P.J.T.S.Agricultural University Campus, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, Telangana, India
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36
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Pan Z, Liu M, Zhao H, Tan Z, Liang K, Sun Q, Gong D, He H, Zhou W, Qiu F. ZmSRL5 is involved in drought tolerance by maintaining cuticular wax structure in maize. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1895-1909. [PMID: 32965083 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax is a natural barrier on terrestrial plant organs, which protects plants from damages caused by a variety of stresses. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a cuticular-wax-related gene, Zea mays L. SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 5 (ZmSRL5). The loss-of-function mutant srl5, which was created by a 3,745 bp insertion in the first intron that led to the premature transcript, exhibited abnormal wax crystal morphology and distribution, which, in turn, caused the pleiotropic phenotypes including increased chlorophyll leaching and water loss rate, decreased leaf temperature, sensitivity to drought, as well as semi-rolled mature leaves. However, total wax amounts showed no significant difference between wild type and semi-rolled leaf5 (srl5) mutant. The phenotype of srl5 was confirmed through the generation of two allelic mutants using CRISPR/Cas9. ZmSRL5 encodes a CASPARIAN-STRIP-MEMBRANE-DOMAIN-LIKE (CASPL) protein located in plasma membrane, and highly expressed in developing leaves. Further analysis showed that the expressions of the most wax related genes were not affected or slightly altered in srl5. This study, thus, primarily uncovers that ZmSRL5 is required for the structure formation of the cuticular wax and could increase the drought tolerance by maintaining the proper cuticular wax structure in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kun Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qin Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dianming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haijun He
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wenqi Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fazhan Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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37
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Castorina G, Domergue F, Chiara M, Zilio M, Persico M, Ricciardi V, Horner DS, Consonni G. Drought-Responsive ZmFDL1/MYB94 Regulates Cuticle Biosynthesis and Cuticle-Dependent Leaf Permeability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:266-282. [PMID: 32665334 PMCID: PMC7479886 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In all land plants, the outer surface of aerial parts is covered by the cuticle, a complex lipid layer that constitutes a barrier against damage caused by environmental factors and provides protection against nonstomatal water loss. We show in this study that both cuticle deposition and cuticle-dependent leaf permeability during the juvenile phase of plant development are controlled by the maize (Zea mays) transcription factor ZmFUSED LEAVES 1 (FDL1)/MYB94. Biochemical analysis showed altered cutin and wax biosynthesis and deposition in fdl1-1 mutant seedlings at the coleoptile stage. Among cutin compounds, ω-hydroxy fatty acids and polyhydroxy-fatty acids were specifically affected, while the reduction of epicuticular waxes was mainly observed in primary long chain alcohols and, to a minor extent, in long-chain wax esters. Transcriptome analysis allowed the identification of candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism and the assembly of a proposed pathway for cuticle biosynthesis in maize. Lack of ZmFDL1/MYB94 affects the expression of genes located in different modules of the pathway, and we highlighted the correspondence between gene transcriptional variations and biochemical defects. We observed a decrease in cuticle-dependent leaf permeability in maize seedlings exposed to drought as well as abscisic acid treatment, which implies coordinated changes in the transcript levels of ZmFDL1/MYB94 and associated genes. Overall, our results suggest that the response to water stress implies the activation of wax biosynthesis and the involvement of both ZmFDL1/MYB94 and abscisic acid regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Castorina
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, UMR5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zilio
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Persico
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricciardi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Consonni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Genome-Wide Association Study for Maize Leaf Cuticular Conductance Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in the Regulation of Cuticle Development. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:1671-1683. [PMID: 32184371 PMCID: PMC7202004 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cuticle, a hydrophobic layer of cutin and waxes synthesized by plant epidermal cells, is the major barrier to water loss when stomata are closed at night and under water-limited conditions. Elucidating the genetic architecture of natural variation for leaf cuticular conductance (gc) is important for identifying genes relevant to improving crop productivity in drought-prone environments. To this end, we conducted a genome-wide association study of gc of adult leaves in a maize inbred association panel that was evaluated in four environments (Maricopa, AZ, and San Diego, CA, in 2016 and 2017). Five genomic regions significantly associated with gc were resolved to seven plausible candidate genes (ISTL1, two SEC14 homologs, cyclase-associated protein, a CER7 homolog, GDSL lipase, and β-D-XYLOSIDASE 4). These candidates are potentially involved in cuticle biosynthesis, trafficking and deposition of cuticle lipids, cutin polymerization, and cell wall modification. Laser microdissection RNA sequencing revealed that all these candidate genes, with the exception of the CER7 homolog, were expressed in the zone of the expanding adult maize leaf where cuticle maturation occurs. With direct application to genetic improvement, moderately high average predictive abilities were observed for whole-genome prediction of gc in locations (0.46 and 0.45) and across all environments (0.52). The findings of this study provide novel insights into the genetic control of gc and have the potential to help breeders more effectively develop drought-tolerant maize for target environments.
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Martignago D, Rico-Medina A, Blasco-Escámez D, Fontanet-Manzaneque JB, Caño-Delgado AI. Drought Resistance by Engineering Plant Tissue-Specific Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1676. [PMID: 32038670 PMCID: PMC6987726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the primary cause of agricultural loss globally, and represents a major threat to food security. Currently, plant biotechnology stands as one of the most promising fields when it comes to developing crops that are able to produce high yields in water-limited conditions. From studies of Arabidopsis thaliana whole plants, the main response mechanisms to drought stress have been uncovered, and multiple drought resistance genes have already been engineered into crops. So far, most plants with enhanced drought resistance have displayed reduced crop yield, meaning that there is still a need to search for novel approaches that can uncouple drought resistance from plant growth. Our laboratory has recently shown that the receptors of brassinosteroid (BR) hormones use tissue-specific pathways to mediate different developmental responses during root growth. In Arabidopsis, we found that increasing BR receptors in the vascular plant tissues confers resistance to drought without penalizing growth, opening up an exceptional opportunity to investigate the mechanisms that confer drought resistance with cellular specificity in plants. In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising phenotypical drought traits that could be improved biotechnologically to obtain drought-tolerant cereals. In addition, we discuss how current genome editing technologies could help to identify and manipulate novel genes that might grant resistance to drought stress. In the upcoming years, we expect that sustainable solutions for enhancing crop production in water-limited environments will be identified through joint efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana I. Caño-Delgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang Y, Du Z, Han Y, Chen X, Kong X, Sun W, Chen C, Chen M. Plasticity of the Cuticular Transpiration Barrier in Response to Water Shortage and Resupply in Camellia sinensis: A Role of Cuticular Waxes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:600069. [PMID: 33505410 PMCID: PMC7829210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is regarded as a non-living tissue; it remains unknown whether the cuticle could be reversibly modified and what are the potential mechanisms. In this study, three tea germplasms (Wuniuzao, 0202-10, and 0306A) were subjected to water deprivation followed by rehydration. The epicuticular waxes and intracuticular waxes from both leaf surfaces were quantified from the mature 5th leaf. Cuticular transpiration rates were then measured from leaf drying curves, and the correlations between cuticular transpiration rates and cuticular wax coverage were analyzed. We found that the cuticular transpiration barriers were reinforced by drought and reversed by rehydration treatment; the initial weak cuticular transpiration barriers were preferentially reinforced by drought stress, while the original major cuticular transpiration barriers were either strengthened or unaltered. Correlation analysis suggests that cuticle modifications could be realized by selective deposition of specific wax compounds into individual cuticular compartments through multiple mechanisms, including in vivo wax synthesis or transport, dynamic phase separation between epicuticular waxes and the intracuticular waxes, in vitro polymerization, and retro transportation into epidermal cell wall or protoplast for further transformation. Our data suggest that modifications of a limited set of specific wax components from individual cuticular compartments are sufficient to alter cuticular transpiration barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenghua Du
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanting Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuan, China
| | - Weijiang Sun
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuan, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- *Correspondence: Mingjie Chen, ;
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Mehdi C, Virginie L, Audrey G, Axelle B, Colette L, Hélène R, Elisabeth J, Fabienne G, Mathilde FA. Cell Wall Proteome of Wheat Grain Endosperm and Outer Layers at Two Key Stages of Early Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010239. [PMID: 31905787 PMCID: PMC6981528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall is an important compartment in grain cells that fulfills both structural and functional roles. It has a dynamic structure that is constantly modified during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Non-structural cell wall proteins (CWPs) are key players in the remodeling of the cell wall during events that punctuate the plant life. Here, a subcellular and quantitative proteomic approach was carried out to identify CWPs possibly involved in changes in cell wall metabolism at two key stages of wheat grain development: the end of the cellularization step and the beginning of storage accumulation. Endosperm and outer layers of wheat grain were analyzed separately as they have different origins (maternal and seed) and functions in grains. Altogether, 734 proteins with predicted signal peptides were identified (CWPs). Functional annotation of CWPs pointed out a large number of proteins potentially involved in cell wall polysaccharide remodeling. In the grain outer layers, numerous proteins involved in cutin formation or lignin polymerization were found, while an unexpected abundance of proteins annotated as plant invertase/pectin methyl esterase inhibitors were identified in the endosperm. In addition, numerous CWPs were accumulating in the endosperm at the grain filling stage, thus revealing strong metabolic activities in the cell wall during endosperm cell differentiation, while protein accumulation was more intense at the earlier stage of development in outer layers. Altogether, our work gives important information on cell wall metabolism during early grain development in both parts of the grain, namely the endosperm and outer layers. The wheat cell wall proteome is the largest cell wall proteome of a monocot species found so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherkaoui Mehdi
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Lollier Virginie
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Geairon Audrey
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Bouder Axelle
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Larré Colette
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Rogniaux Hélène
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Jamet Elisabeth
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France;
| | - Guillon Fabienne
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Francin-Allami Mathilde
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang J, Yang J, Yang Y, Luo J, Zheng X, Wen C, Xu Y. Transcription Factor CsWIN1 Regulates Pericarp Wax Biosynthesis in Cucumber Grafted on Pumpkin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1564. [PMID: 31850038 PMCID: PMC6895144 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pericarp wax of cucumber is an important economic trait, determining sales and marketing. Grafting of cucumber onto pumpkin rootstock (Cucurbita moschata) is an effective way to produce glossy cucumber fruits. However, the molecular regulation mechanism of this phenomenon remains largely unknown. In the present study, transcriptome analyses, genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing, and wax metabolite analysis were performed on the pericarp of self-rooted versus grafted cucumber. We identified the AP2/ERF-type transcription factor CsWIN1 as methylated and significantly upregulated in grafted cucumber compared to self-rooted cucumber. The increased expression of CsWIN1 was also positively correlated with several key wax biosynthesis genes, including CsCER1, CsCER1-1, CsCER4, CsKCS1, and the wax transporter gene CsABC. The transcriptome expression level of these genes was validated through qRT-PCR profiles. Furthermore, wax metabolite analysis showed that more wax ester (C20 fatty acid composition), but fewer alkanes (C29 and C31) were deposited in grafted cucumber pericarp. The higher expression of CsWIN1 and wax biosynthesis genes was reflected in the glossier appearance of grafted pericarp, possibly the result of higher wax ester content and higher integration of small trichomes in the pericarp. This study demonstrates that grafting can affect the content and composition of pericarp wax in cucumber grafted on pumpkin, and a unique regulation model of CsWIN1 for wax biosynthesis may exist in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Luo
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Zheng
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changlong Wen, ; Yong Xu,
| | - Yong Xu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changlong Wen, ; Yong Xu,
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