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Liang Z, Shi Y, Huang Y, Lu J, Zhang M, Cao X, Hu R, Li D, Chen W, Zhu C, Wu D, Chen K. XYLEM NAC DOMAIN 1 (EjXND1) relieves cold-induced lignification by negatively regulating the EjHB1-EjPRX12 module in loquat fruit. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00376-X. [PMID: 39233002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lignin is a principal constituent of the secondary cell wall, which plays a role in both plant growth and defensing against stress, such as low temperature and pest infestation. Additionally, it also accumulates in fleshy fruits and negatively affects fruit quality. Red-fleshed loquat is temperature sensitive and exhibits cold-induced lignification. A number of technologies have been developed, for example, Low Temperature Conditioning (LTC) treatment, which has been applied in order to relieve the symptom of cold injury. OBJECTIVES The present study seeks to elucidate the regulatory mechanism underlying cold-induced lignification in loquat fruit. METHODS The target genes were isolated through the analysis of transcriptome. The gene function was analyzed by transient transgenic method in tobacco leaves and loquat fruit, respectively, as well as stable overexpression in liverwort. The regulatory mechanism study was achieved by in vitro protein-protein interaction assays, dual-luciferase assay, and EMSA. RESULTS In the present study, the Xylem NAC Domain transcription factor EjXND1 was identified as a repressor of loquat fruit lignification. It was demonstrated that EjXND1 could interact with the characterized lignin activator EjHB1, resulting in a diminution of the activation of EjHB1 on EjPRX12 promoter. Furthermore, two highly methylated regions were identified in the promoter of EjXDN1. One of these regions exhibited a negative correlation between methylation level and EjXND1 expression. Additionally, it was shown that hypermethylation of this region weaken the binding affinity of EjXND1 activators to its promoter. CONCLUSION The EjXND1 plays a role in modified Low Temperature Conditioning (mLTC) treatment that alleviates cold-induced lignification in red-fleshed loquat fruit by targeting the EjHB1-EjPRX12 module and EjXND1 is regulated by the dynamic of DNA methylation level in the promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanna Shi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqing Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xizhi Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruoqian Hu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Lima AC, da Silva Andrade SC, Gerolamo CS, de Souza DT, Coutinho LL, Rossi M, Angyalossy V. Liana attachment to supports leads to profound changes in xylem anatomy and transcriptional profile of cambium and differentiating xylem. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39169844 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Wood serves crucial functions in plants, yet our understanding of the mechanisms governing the composition, arrangement, and dimensions of its cells remains limited. The abrupt transition from nonlianescent to lianescent xylem in lianas represents an excellent model to address the underlying mechanisms, although consistent triggering factors for this process remain uncertain. In this study we examined how physical support attachment impacts the development of lianescent xylem in Bignonia magnifica (Bignoniaceae), employing a comprehensive approach integrating detailed anatomical analysis with gene expression profiling of cambium and differentiating xylem. Our findings demonstrate that attachment to physical supports triggers the formation of lianescent xylem, leading to increased vessel size, broader vessel distribution, reduced fibre content, and higher potential specific water conductivity than nonlianescent xylem. These shifts in wood anatomy coincide with the downregulation of genes associated with cell division and cell wall biosynthesis, and the upregulation of transcription factors, defense/cell death, and hormone-responsive genes in the lianescent xylem. Our findings provide insights into the regulation of xylem differentiation, driven by response to environmental stimuli. Additionally, they shed light on the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of lianas to climbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Carvalho Lima
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Caian Souza Gerolamo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Trindade de Souza
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Piracicaba, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veronica Angyalossy
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xue JS, Feng YF, Zhang MQ, Xu QL, Xu YM, Shi JQ, Liu LF, Wu XF, Wang S, Yang ZN. The regulatory mechanism of rapid lignification for timely anther dehiscence. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1788-1800. [PMID: 38888227 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Anther dehiscence is a crucial event in plant reproduction, tightly regulated and dependent on the lignification of the anther endothecium. In this study, we investigated the rapid lignification process that ensures timely anther dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Our findings reveal that endothecium lignification can be divided into two distinct phases. During Phase I, lignin precursors are synthesized without polymerization, while Phase II involves simultaneous synthesis of lignin precursors and polymerization. The transcription factors MYB26, NST1/2, and ARF17 specifically regulate the pathway responsible for the synthesis and polymerization of lignin monomers in Phase II. MYB26-NST1/2 is the key regulatory pathway responsible for endothecium lignification, while ARF17 facilitates this process by interacting with MYB26. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that the lignification of the endothecium, which occurs within approximately 26 h, is much faster than that of the vascular tissue. These findings provide valuable insights into the regulation mechanism of rapid lignification in the endothecium, which enables timely anther dehiscence and successful pollen release during plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yi-Feng Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming-Qi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Qin-Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Ya-Min Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jun-Qin Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Li Q, Fu C, Yang B, Yu H, He H, Xu Q, Miao W, Liu R, Chen W, Zhang Z, Zou X, Hu B, Ou L. Stem lodging Resistance-1 controls stem strength by positively regulating the biosynthesis of cell wall components in Capsicum annuum L. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae169. [PMID: 39135730 PMCID: PMC11317896 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Lodging presents a significant challenge in cultivating high-yield crops with extensive above-ground biomass, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in the Solanaceae family remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified a gene, CaSLR1 (Capsicum annuum Stem Lodging Resistance 1), which encodes a MYELOBLASTOSIS (MYB) family transcription factor, from a lodging-affected C. annuum EMS mutant. The suppression of CaSLR1 expression in pepper led to notable stem lodging, reduced thickness of the secondary cell wall, and decreased stem strength. A similar phenotype was observed in tomato with the knockdown of SlMYB61, the orthologous gene to CaSLR1. Further investigations demonstrated that CaNAC6, a gene involved in secondary cell wall (SCW) formation, is co-expressed with CaSLR1 and acts as a positive regulator of its expression, as confirmed through yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These findings elucidate the CaNAC6-CaSLR1 module that contributes to lodging resistance, emphasizing the critical role of CaSLR1 in the lodging resistance regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Education, Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Canfang Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Education, Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bozhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Education, Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huiyang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Education, Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huan He
- Engineering Research Center of Education, Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Education, Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wu Miao
- Hunan Xiangyan Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Rongyun Liu
- Hunan Xiangyan Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Education, Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Education, Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lijun Ou
- Engineering Research Center of Education, Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang H, Li S, Hu Y, Wei D, Tang Q, Yang Y, Tian S, Wang Z. Eggplant NAC domain transcription factor SmNST1 as an activator promotes secondary cell wall thickening. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38963294 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
NAC-domain transcription factors (TFs) are plant-specific transcriptional regulators playing crucial roles in plant secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. SCW is important for plant growth and development, maintaining plant morphology, providing rigid support, ensuring material transportation and participating in plant stress responses as a protective barrier. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SCW in eggplant have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, the NAC domain TFs SmNST1 and SmNST2 were cloned from the eggplant line 'Sanyue qie'. SmNST1 and SmNST2 expression levels were the highest in the roots and stems. Subcellular localization analysis showed that they were localized in the cell membrane and nucleus. Their overexpression in transgenic tobacco showed that SmNST1 promotes SCW thickening. The expression of a set of SCW biosynthetic genes for cellulose, xylan and lignin, which regulate SCW formation, was increased in transgenic tobacco. Bimolecular fluorescence and luciferase complementation assays showed that SmNST1 interacted with SmNST2 in vivo. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that SmMYB26 directly bound to the SmNST1 promoter and acted as an activator. SmNST1 and SmNST2 interact with the SmMYB108 promoter and repress SmMYB108 expression. Altogether, we showed that SmNST1 positively regulates SCW formation, improving our understanding of SCW biosynthesis transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiqin Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Sirui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Dayong Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinglin Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Shibing Tian
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
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Zhang W, Wang H, Guo Y, Hao X, Li Y, He W, Zhao X, Cai S, Song X. Functional Validation of Different Alternative Splicing Variants of the Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium ClNUM1 Gene in Tobacco. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5242-5256. [PMID: 38920986 PMCID: PMC11201747 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Asteraceae are widely distributed throughout the world, with diverse functions and large genomes. Many of these genes remain undiscovered and unstudied. In this study, we discovered a new gene ClNUM1 in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium and studied its function. In this study, bioinformatics, RT-qPCR, paraffin sectioning, and tobacco transgenics were utilized to bioinformatically analyze and functionally study the three variable splice variants of the unknown gene ClNUM1 cloned from C. lavandulifolium. The results showed that ClNUM1.1 and ClNUM1.2 had selective 3' splicing and selective 5' splicing, and ClNUM1.3 had selective 5' splicing. When the corresponding transgenic tobacco plants were subjected to abiotic stress treatment, in the tobacco seedlings, the ClNUM1.1 gene and the ClNUM1.2 gene enhanced salt and low-temperature tolerance and the ClNUM1.3 gene enhanced low-temperature tolerance; in mature tobacco plants, the ClNUM1.1 gene was able to enhance salt and low-temperature tolerance, and the ClNUM1.2 and ClNUM1.3 genes were able to enhance low-temperature tolerance. In summary, there are differences in the functions of the different splice variants and the different seedling stages of transgenic tobacco, but all of them enhanced the resistance of tobacco to a certain extent. The analysis and functional characterization of the ClNUM1 gene provided new potential genes and research directions for abiotic resistance breeding in Chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuebin Song
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (W.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.G.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (W.H.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
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Huang Y, Wu J, Lin J, Liu Z, Mao Z, Qian C, Zhong X. CcNAC6 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis in Sudan Grass ( Sorghum sudanense S.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1352. [PMID: 38794423 PMCID: PMC11125125 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The degree of forage lignification is a key factor affecting its digestibility by ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense S.) is a high-quality sorghum forage, and its lignocellulose is mostly stored in the secondary cell wall. However, the secondary cell wall synthesis mechanism of Sudan grass has not yet been studied in depth. To further study the secondary cell wall synthesis mechanism of Sudan grass using established transcriptome data, this study found that CcNAC6, a homologous gene of Arabidopsis AtSND2, is related to the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass. Accordingly, we constructed a CcNAC6-overexpressing line of Arabidopsis to investigate the function of the CcNAC6 gene in secondary cell wall synthesis. The results showed that the overexpression of the CcNAC6 gene could significantly increase the lignin content of Arabidopsis. Based on subcellular localization analysis, CcNAC6 is found in the nucleus. In addition, yeast two-hybridization screening showed that CcCP1, associated with secondary cell wall synthesis, can interact with CcNAC6. Therefore, the above results indicate that CcNAC6 has a positive regulatory effect on the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass, and it is speculated that CcNAC6 may be the main regulator of the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass through its interaction with another regulatory protein, CcCP1. This study provides a theoretical basis and new genetic resources for the creation of new Sudan grass germplasm with a low lignin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Huang
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Juanzi Wu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jianyu Lin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhengfeng Mao
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Chen Qian
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoxian Zhong
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
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Fuertes-Aguilar J, Matilla AJ. Transcriptional Control of Seed Life: New Insights into the Role of the NAC Family. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5369. [PMID: 38791407 PMCID: PMC11121595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by binding to specific sequences on DNA through their DNA-binding domain (DBD), a universal process. This update conveys information about the diverse roles of TFs, focusing on the NACs (NAM-ATAF-CUC), in regulating target-gene expression and influencing various aspects of plant biology. NAC TFs appeared before the emergence of land plants. The NAC family constitutes a diverse group of plant-specific TFs found in mosses, conifers, monocots, and eudicots. This update discusses the evolutionary origins of plant NAC genes/proteins from green algae to their crucial roles in plant development and stress response across various plant species. From mosses and lycophytes to various angiosperms, the number of NAC proteins increases significantly, suggesting a gradual evolution from basal streptophytic green algae. NAC TFs play a critical role in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance, with their function conserved in angiosperms. Furthermore, the modular organization of NACs, their dimeric function, and their localization within cellular compartments contribute to their functional versatility and complexity. While most NAC TFs are nuclear-localized and active, a subset is found in other cellular compartments, indicating inactive forms until specific cues trigger their translocation to the nucleus. Additionally, it highlights their involvement in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced programmed cell death (PCD) by activating the vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) gene. Moreover, this update provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse roles of NAC TFs in plants, including their participation in ER stress responses, leaf senescence (LS), and growth and development. Notably, NACs exhibit correlations with various phytohormones (i.e., ABA, GAs, CK, IAA, JA, and SA), and several NAC genes are inducible by them, influencing a broad spectrum of biological processes. The study of the spatiotemporal expression patterns provides insights into when and where specific NAC genes are active, shedding light on their metabolic contributions. Likewise, this review emphasizes the significance of NAC TFs in transcriptional modules, seed reserve accumulation, and regulation of seed dormancy and germination. Overall, it effectively communicates the intricate and essential functions of NAC TFs in plant biology. Finally, from an evolutionary standpoint, a phylogenetic analysis suggests that it is highly probable that the WRKY family is evolutionarily older than the NAC family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel J. Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 14971 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Cui X, Tang M, Li L, Chang J, Yang X, Chang H, Zhou J, Liu M, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Sun F, Chen Z. Expression Patterns and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Drought Tolerance of Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Conferred by Transcription Factor Gene GmNAC19. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2396. [PMID: 38397076 PMCID: PMC10889163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
NAC transcription factors are commonly involved in the plant response to drought stress. A transcriptome analysis of root samples of the soybean variety 'Jiyu47' under drought stress revealed the evidently up-regulated expression of GmNAC19, consistent with the expression pattern revealed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The overexpression of GmNAC19 enhanced drought tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1. The seed germination percentage and root growth of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana were improved in comparison with those of the wild type, while the transgenic soybean composite line showed improved chlorophyll content. The altered contents of physiological and biochemical indices (i.e., soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, and malondialdehyde) related to drought stress and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) revealed enhanced drought tolerance in both transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean. The expressions of three genes (i.e., P5CS, OAT, and P5CR) involved in proline synthesis were decreased in the transgenic soybean hairy roots, while the expression of ProDH involved in the breakdown of proline was increased. This study revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance enhanced by GmNAC19 via regulation of the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, providing a candidate gene for the molecular breeding of drought-tolerant crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Minghao Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiageng Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hongli Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fengjie Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| | - Zhanyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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10
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Ma B, Zhang J, Guo S, Xie X, Yan L, Chen H, Zhang H, Bu X, Zheng L, Wang Y. RtNAC055 promotes drought tolerance via a stomatal closure pathway linked to methyl jasmonate/hydrogen peroxide signaling in Reaumuria trigyna. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae001. [PMID: 38419969 PMCID: PMC10901477 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The stomata regulate CO2 uptake and efficient water usage, thereby promoting drought stress tolerance. NAC proteins (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) participate in plant reactions following drought stress, but the molecular mechanisms underlying NAC-mediated regulation of stomatal movement are unclear. In this study, a novel NAC gene from Reaumuria trigyna, RtNAC055, was found to enhance drought tolerance via a stomatal closure pathway. It was regulated by RtMYC2 and integrated with jasmonic acid signaling and was predominantly expressed in stomata and root. The suppression of RtNAC055 could improve jasmonic acid and H2O2 production and increase the drought tolerance of transgenic R. trigyna callus. Ectopic expression of RtNAC055 in the Arabidopsis atnac055 mutant rescued its drought-sensitive phenotype by decreasing stomatal aperture. Under drought stress, overexpression of RtNAC055 in poplar promoted ROS (H2O2) accumulation in stomata, which accelerated stomatal closure and maintained a high photosynthetic rate. Drought upregulated the expression of PtRbohD/F, PtP5CS2, and PtDREB1.1, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities in heterologous expression poplars. RtNAC055 promoted H2O2 production in guard cells by directly binding to the promoter of RtRbohE, thus regulating stomatal closure. The stress-related genes RtDREB1.1/P5CS1 were directly regulated by RtNAC055. These results indicate that RtNAC055 regulates stomatal closure by maintaining the balance between the antioxidant system and H2O2 level, reducing the transpiration rate and water loss, and improving photosynthetic efficiency and drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xinlei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan Province, China
| | - Huijing Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiangqi Bu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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11
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Han K, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Li Y. NACs, generalist in plant life. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2433-2457. [PMID: 37623750 PMCID: PMC10651149 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific NAC proteins constitute a major transcription factor family that is well-known for its roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the functions of NAC proteins. NAC proteins have a highly conserved DNA-binding domain; however, their functions are diverse. Previous understanding of the structure of NAC transcription factors can be used as the basis for their functional diversity. NAC transcription factors consist of a target-binding domain at the N-terminus and a highly versatile C-terminal domain that interacts with other proteins. A growing body of research on NAC transcription factors helps us comprehend the intricate signalling network and transcriptional reprogramming facilitated by NAC-mediated complexes. However, most studies of NAC proteins have been limited to a single function. Here, we discuss the upstream regulators, regulatory components and targets of NAC in the context of their prospective roles in plant improvement strategies via biotechnology intervention, highlighting the importance of the NAC transcription factor family in plants and the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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12
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Wang D, Qie B, Wang A, Wang M, Dai P, Xiao L, Zhai R, Yang C, Wang Z, Xu L. PbBPC4 involved in a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype in pear by directly regulating the expression of PbXND1. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154125. [PMID: 37979434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfing is an important agronomic trait in fruit breeding. At present, dwarf cultivars or dwarfing rootstocks are used for high-density planting. Although some dwarf rootstocks have been used in the cultivation of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd), the breeding of dwarf pear rootstocks or cultivars is still sorely lacking. A previous study reported that PbXND1 results in a xylem-dwarf phenotype in pear trees. However, the regulatory mechanism upstream of PbXND1 is unclear. In this study, we identified PbBPC4 as an upstream regulatory factor of PbXND1 in yeast one-hybrid assays. In β-glucuronidase staining and dual-luciferase assays, PbBPC4 enhanced the activity of the PbXND1 promoter. Tobacco plants overexpressing PbBPC4 showed decreased plant height because of a reduced xylem size. Similar changes in the xylem was observed in transgenic pear roots; those overexpressing PbBPC4 showed reduced xylem size, and those with silencing PbBPC4 expression showed increased xylem size, greater density of xylem vessels, and a larger proportion of the xylem out of the total cross-section area. Expression analyses showed that PbBPC4 increases the transcription of PbXND1, leading to reduced transcript levels of genes involved in the positive regulation of xylem development, ultimately resulting in a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype. Taken together, our results reveal the mechanism by which PbBPC4 participates in the regulation of xylem development via directly altering the expression of PbXND1, thus leading to the dwarf phenotype in pear. These findings have reference value for the breeding of dwarf pear trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Bingqing Qie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Azheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Minmin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Pingyuan Dai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the 1st Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Aral, 843300, China.
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Chengquan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
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13
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Liu G, Wu Z, Luo J, Wang C, Shang X, Zhang G. Genes expression profiles in vascular cambium of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis at different ages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:500. [PMID: 37848837 PMCID: PMC10583469 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wood is a secondary xylem generated by vascular cambium. Vascular cambium activities mainly include cambium proliferation and vascular tissue formation through secondary growth, thereby producing new secondary phloem inward and secondary xylem outward and leading to continuous tree thickening and wood formation. Wood formation is a complex biological process, which is strictly regulated by multiple genes. Therefore, molecular level research on the vascular cambium of different tree ages can lead to the identification of both key and related genes involved in wood formation and further explain the molecular regulation mechanism of wood formation. RESULTS In the present study, RNA-Seq and Pac-Bio Iso-Seq were used for profiling gene expression changes in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (E. urograndis) vascular cambium at four different ages. A total of 59,770 non-redundant transcripts and 1892 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The expression trends of the DEGs related to cell division and differentiation, cell wall biosynthesis, phytohormone, and transcription factors were analyzed. The DEGs encoding expansin, kinesin, cycline, PAL, GRP9, KNOX, C2C2-dof, REV, etc., were highly expressed in E. urograndis at three years old, leading to positive effects on growth and development. Moreover, some gene family members, such as NAC, MYB, HD-ZIP III, RPK, and RAP, play different regulatory roles in wood formation because of their sophisticated transcriptional network and function redundantly. CONCLUSIONS These candidate genes are a potential resource to further study wood formation, especially in fast-growing and adaptable eucalyptus. The results may also serve as a basis for further research to unravel the molecular mechanism underlying wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chubiao Wang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiuhua Shang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guowu Zhang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China.
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14
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Wang Y, Guo X, Cai X, Xu Y, Sun R, Umer MJ, Wang K, Qin T, Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhang P, Wang Z, Liu F, Wang Q, Zhou Z. Genome-Wide Association Study of Lint Percentage in Gossypium hirsutum L. Races. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10404. [PMID: 37373552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lint percentage is one of the most essential yield components and an important economic index for cotton planting. Improving lint percentage is an effective way to achieve high-yield in cotton breeding worldwide, especially upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). However, the genetic basis controlling lint percentage has not yet been systematically understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide association mapping for lint percentage using a natural population consisting of 189 G. hirsutum accessions (188 accessions of G. hirsutum races and one cultivar TM-1). The results showed that 274 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with lint percentage were detected, and they were distributed on 24 chromosomes. Forty-five SNPs were detected at least by two models or at least in two environments, and their 5 Mb up- and downstream regions included 584 makers related to lint percentage identified in previous studies. In total, 11 out of 45 SNPs were detected at least in two environments, and their 550 Kb up- and downstream region contained 335 genes. Through RNA sequencing, gene annotation, qRT-PCR, protein-protein interaction analysis, the cis-elements of the promotor region, and related miRNA prediction, Gh_D12G0934 and Gh_A08G0526 were selected as key candidate genes for fiber initiation and elongation, respectively. These excavated SNPs and candidate genes could supplement marker and gene information for deciphering the genetic basis of lint percentage and facilitate high-yield breeding programs of G. hirsutum ultimately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xinlei Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Runrun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Tengfei Qin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qinglian Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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15
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Ma L, Liu KW, Li Z, Hsiao YY, Qi Y, Fu T, Tang GD, Zhang D, Sun WH, Liu DK, Li Y, Chen GZ, Liu XD, Liao XY, Jiang YT, Yu X, Hao Y, Huang J, Zhao XW, Ke S, Chen YY, Wu WL, Hsu JL, Lin YF, Huang MD, Li CY, Huang L, Wang ZW, Zhao X, Zhong WY, Peng DH, Ahmad S, Lan S, Zhang JS, Tsai WC, Van de Peer Y, Liu ZJ. Diploid and tetraploid genomes of Acorus and the evolution of monocots. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3661. [PMID: 37339946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocots are a major taxon within flowering plants, have unique morphological traits, and show an extraordinary diversity in lifestyle. To improve our understanding of monocot origin and evolution, we generate chromosome-level reference genomes of the diploid Acorus gramineus and the tetraploid Ac. calamus, the only two accepted species from the family Acoraceae, which form a sister lineage to all other monocots. Comparing the genomes of Ac. gramineus and Ac. calamus, we suggest that Ac. gramineus is not a potential diploid progenitor of Ac. calamus, and Ac. calamus is an allotetraploid with two subgenomes A, and B, presenting asymmetric evolution and B subgenome dominance. Both the diploid genome of Ac. gramineus and the subgenomes A and B of Ac. calamus show clear evidence of whole-genome duplication (WGD), but Acoraceae does not seem to share an older WGD that is shared by most other monocots. We reconstruct an ancestral monocot karyotype and gene toolkit, and discuss scenarios that explain the complex history of the Acorus genome. Our analyses show that the ancestors of monocots exhibit mosaic genomic features, likely important for that appeared in early monocot evolution, providing fundamental insights into the origin, evolution, and diversification of monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ke-Wei Liu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yu-Yun Hsiao
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yiying Qi
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Fu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Guang-Da Tang
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei-Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ding-Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xue-Die Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yang Hao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xue-Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shijie Ke
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - You-Yi Chen
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Wu
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Lin
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung City, Pingtung County, 900003, Taiwan
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | | | | | | | - Dong-Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Ji-Sen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical AgroBiological Resources and Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Wen-Chieh Tsai
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Institute of Vegetable and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, 325005, China.
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16
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Xu W, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Diao Y, Wang Q, Yu J, Jiang E, Zhang Y, Liu B. Identification of ZmBK2 Gene Variation Involved in Regulating Maize Brittleness. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1126. [PMID: 37372306 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize stalk strength is a crucial agronomic trait that affects lodging resistance. We used map-based cloning and allelic tests to identify a maize mutant associated with decreased stalk strength and confirmed that the mutated gene, ZmBK2, is a homolog of Arabidopsis AtCOBL4, which encodes a COBRA-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. The bk2 mutant exhibited lower cellulose content and whole-plant brittleness. Microscopic observations showed that sclerenchymatous cells were reduced in number and had thinner cell walls, suggesting that ZmBK2 affects the development of cell walls. Transcriptome sequencing of differentially expressed genes in the leaves and stalks revealed substantial changes in the genes associated with cell wall development. We constructed a cell wall regulatory network using these differentially expressed genes, which revealed that abnormal cellulose synthesis may be a reason for brittleness. These results reinforce our understanding of cell wall development and provide a foundation for studying the mechanisms underlying maize lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qingzhi Liu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yuqiang Diao
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Qingkang Wang
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Jiamin Yu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Enjun Jiang
- Taian Denghai Wuyue Taishan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yongzhong Zhang
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Baoshen Liu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
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17
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Xiao S, Ming Y, Hu Q, Ye Z, Si H, Liu S, Zhang X, Wang W, Yu Y, Kong J, Klosterman SJ, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Aierxi A, Zhu L. GhWRKY41 forms a positive feedback regulation loop and increases cotton defence response against Verticillium dahliae by regulating phenylpropanoid metabolism. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:961-978. [PMID: 36632704 PMCID: PMC10106861 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the established significance of WRKY proteins and phenylpropanoid metabolism in plant immunity, how WRKY proteins modulate aspects of the phenylpropanoid pathway remains undetermined. To understand better the role of WRKY proteins in plant defence, we identified a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) protein, GhWRKY41, that is, universally and rapidly induced in three disease-resistant cotton cultivars following inoculation with the plant pathogenic fungus, Verticillium dahliae. We show that overexpression of GhWRKY41 in transgenic cotton and Arabidopsis enhances resistance to V. dahliae, while knock-down increases cotton more susceptibility to the fungus. GhWRKY41 physically interacts with itself and directly activates its own transcription. A genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), in combination with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses, revealed that 43.1% of GhWRKY41-binding genes were up-regulated in cotton upon inoculation with V. dahliae, including several phenylpropanoid metabolism master switches, receptor kinases, and disease resistance-related proteins. We also show that GhWRKY41 homodimer directly activates the expression of GhC4H and Gh4CL, thereby modulating the accumulation of lignin and flavonoids. This finding expands our understanding of WRKY-WRKY protein interactions and provides important insights into the regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plant immune responses by a WRKY protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri‐Biological Resources, College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yuqing Ming
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Qin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri‐Biological Resources, College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Zhengxiu Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Huan Si
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Weiran Wang
- Institute of Economic CropsXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinjiangChina
| | - Yu Yu
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural & Reclamation SciencesShiheziChina
| | - Jie Kong
- Institute of Economic CropsXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinjiangChina
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceSalinasCAUSA
| | | | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Alifu Aierxi
- Institute of Economic CropsXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinjiangChina
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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18
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Pedersen GB, Blaschek L, Frandsen KEH, Noack LC, Persson S. Cellulose synthesis in land plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:206-231. [PMID: 36564945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides cohesion, protection, and a means of directional growth to plants. Cellulose microfibrils contribute the main biomechanical scaffold for most of these walls. The biosynthesis of cellulose, which typically is the most prominent constituent of the cell wall and therefore Earth's most abundant biopolymer, is finely attuned to developmental and environmental cues. Our understanding of the machinery that catalyzes and regulates cellulose biosynthesis has substantially improved due to recent technological advances in, for example, structural biology and microscopy. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and regulation of the cellulose synthesis machinery and its regulatory interactors. We aim to highlight important knowledge gaps in the field, and outline emerging approaches that promise a means to close those gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav B Pedersen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Leonard Blaschek
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lise C Noack
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Zhang S, Xu T, Ren Y, Song L, Liu Z, Kang X, Li Y. The NAC transcription factor family in Eucommia ulmoides: Genome-wide identification, characterization, and network analysis in relation to the rubber biosynthetic genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1030298. [PMID: 37077635 PMCID: PMC10106570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The NAC transcription factor family is a large plant gene family, participating in plant growth and development, secondary metabolite synthesis, biotic and abiotic stresses responses, and hormone signaling. Eucommia ulmoides is a widely planted economic tree species in China that can produce trans-polyisoprene: Eucommia rubber (Eu-rubber). However, genome-wide identification of the NAC gene family has not been reported in E. ulmoides. In this study, 71 NAC proteins were identified based on genomic database of E. ulmoides. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the EuNAC proteins were distributed in 17 subgroups based on homology with NAC proteins in Arabidopsis, including the E. ulmoides-specific subgroup Eu_NAC. Gene structure analysis suggested that the number of exons varied from 1 to 7, and multitudinous EuNAC genes contained two or three exons. Chromosomal location analysis revealed that the EuNAC genes were unevenly distributed on 16 chromosomes. Three pairs of genes of tandem duplicates genes and 12 segmental duplications were detected, which indicated that segmental duplications may provide the primary driving force of expansion of EuNAC. Prediction of cis-regulatory elements indicated that the EuNAC genes were involved in development, light response, stress response and hormone response. For the gene expression analysis, the expression levels of EuNAC genes in various tissues were quite different. To explore the effect of EuNAC genes on Eu-rubber biosynthesis, a co-expression regulatory network between Eu-rubber biosynthesis genes and EuNAC genes was constructed, which indicated that six EuNAC genes may play an important role in the regulation of Eu-rubber biosynthesis. In addition, this six EuNAC genes expression profiles in E. ulmoides different tissues were consistent with the trend in Eu-rubber content. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that EuNAC genes were responsive to different hormone treatment. These results will provide a useful reference for further studies addressing the functional characteristics of the NAC genes and its potential role in Eu-rubber biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- Weixian Eucommia National Forest Tree Germplasm Repository, Weixian Forestry Cultivation Base of Superior Species, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Li,
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20
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Molecular Characterization and Drought Resistance of GmNAC3 Transcription Factor in Glycine max (L.) Merr. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012378. [PMID: 36293235 PMCID: PMC9604218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean transcription factor GmNAC plays important roles in plant resistance to environmental stresses. In this study, GmNAC3 was cloned in the drought tolerant soybean variety “Jiyu47”, with the molecular properties of GmNAC3 characterized to establish its candidacy as a NAC transcription factor. The yeast self-activation experiments revealed the transcriptional activation activity of GmNAC3, which was localized in the nucleus by the subcellular localization analysis. The highest expression of GmNAC3 was detected in roots in the podding stage of soybean, and in roots of soybean seedlings treated with 20% PEG6000 for 12 h, which was 16 times higher compared with the control. In the transgenic soybean hairy roots obtained by the Agrobacterium-mediated method treated with 20% PEG6000 for 12 h, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase and the content of proline were increased, the malondialdehyde content was decreased, and the expressions of stress resistance-related genes (i.e., APX2, LEA14, 6PGDH, and P5CS) were up-regulated. These expression patterns were confirmed by transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana with the overexpression of GmNAC3. This study provided strong scientific evidence to support further investigation of the regulatory function of GmNAC3 in plant drought resistance and the molecular mechanisms regulating the plant response to environmental stresses.
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21
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The Regulation of Xylem Development by Transcription Factors and Their Upstream MicroRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710134. [PMID: 36077531 PMCID: PMC9456210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylem, as a unique organizational structure of vascular plants, bears water transport and supports functions necessary for plant survival. Notably, secondary xylem in the stem (i.e., wood) also has important economic and ecological value. In view of this, the regulation of xylem development has been widely concerned. In recent years, studies on model plants Arabidopsis and poplar have shown that transcription factors play important regulatory roles in various processes of xylem development, including the directional differentiation of procambium and cambium into xylem, xylem arrangement patterns, secondary cell wall formation and programmed cell death. This review focuses on the regulatory roles of widely and thoroughly studied HD-ZIP, MYB and NAC transcription factor gene families in xylem development, and it also pays attention to the regulation of their upstream microRNAs. In addition, the existing questions in the research and future research directions are prospected.
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22
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Yang Q, Li B, Rizwan HM, Sun K, Zeng J, Shi M, Guo T, Chen F. Genome-wide identification and comprehensive analyses of NAC transcription factor gene family and expression analysis under Fusarium kyushuense and drought stress conditions in Passiflora edulis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:972734. [PMID: 36092439 PMCID: PMC9453495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.972734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The NAC gene family is one of the largest plant transcription factors (TFs) families and plays important roles in plant growth, development, metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stresses. However, NAC gene family has not been reported in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). In this study, a total of 105 NAC genes were identified in the passion fruit genome and were unevenly distributed across all nine-passion fruit chromomere, with a maximum of 48 PeNAC genes on chromosome one. The physicochemical features of all 105 PeNAC genes varied including 120 to 3,052 amino acids, 3 to 8 conserved motifs, and 1 to 3 introns. The PeNAC genes were named (PeNAC001-PeNAC105) according to their chromosomal locations and phylogenetically grouped into 15 clades (NAC-a to NAC-o). Most PeNAC proteins were predicted to be localized in the nucleus. The cis-element analysis indicated the possible roles of PeNAC genes in plant growth, development, light, hormones, and stress responsiveness. Moreover, the PeNAC gene duplications including tandem (11 gene pairs) and segmental (12 gene pairs) were identified and subjected to purifying selection. All PeNAC proteins exhibited similar 3D structures, and a protein-protein interaction network analysis with known Arabidopsis proteins was predicted. Furthermore, 17 putative ped-miRNAs were identified to target 25 PeNAC genes. Potential TFs including ERF, BBR-BPC, Dof, and bZIP were identified in promoter region of all 105 PeNAC genes and visualized in a TF regulatory network. GO and KEGG annotation analysis exposed that PeNAC genes were related to different biological, molecular, and cellular terms. The qRT-PCR expression analysis discovered that most of the PeNAC genes including PeNAC001, PeNAC003, PeNAC008, PeNAC028, PeNAC033, PeNAC058, PeNAC063, and PeNAC077 were significantly upregulated under Fusarium kyushuense and drought stress conditions compared to controls. In conclusion, these findings lay the foundation for further functional studies of PeNAC genes to facilitate the genetic improvement of plants to stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Xiao Y, Sha G, Wang D, Gao R, Qie B, Cong L, Zhai R, Yang C, Wang Z, Xu L. PbXND1 Results in a Xylem-Deficient Dwarf Phenotype through Interaction with PbTCP4 in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158699. [PMID: 35955831 PMCID: PMC9369282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dwarfing is an important agronomic characteristic in fruit breeding. However, due to the lack of dwarf cultivars and dwarf stocks, the dwarfing mechanism is poorly understood in pears. In this research, we discovered that the dwarf hybrid seedlings of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.), ‘Red Zaosu,’ exhibited a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype. The expression level of PbXND1, a suppressor of xylem development, was markedly enhanced in dwarf hybrid seedlings and its overexpression in pear results in a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype. To further dissect the mechanism of PbXND1, PbTCP4 was isolated as a PbXND1 interaction protein through the pear yeast library. Root transformation experiments showed that PbTCP4 promotes root xylem development. Dual-luciferase assays showed that PbXND1 interactions with PbTCP4 suppressed the function of PbTCP4. PbXND1 expression resulted in a small amount of PbTCP4 sequestration in the cytoplasm and thereby prevented it from activating the gene expression, as assessed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-location analyses. Additionally, PbXND1 affected the DNA-binding ability of PbTCP4, as determined by utilizing an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These results suggest that PbXND1 regulates the function of PbTCP4 principally by affecting the DNA-binding ability of PbTCP4, whereas the cytoplasmic sequestration of PbTCP4 is only a minor factor. Taken together, this study provides new theoretical support for the extreme dwarfism associated with the absence of xylem caused by PbXND1, and it has significant reference value for the breeding of dwarf varieties and dwarf rootstocks of the pear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lingfei Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-87081023
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24
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Ailizati A, Nagahage ISP, Miyagi A, Ishikawa T, Kawai-Yamada M, Demura T, Yamaguchi M. VND-INTERACTING2 effectively inhibits transcriptional activities of VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 through a conserved sequence. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:147-153. [PMID: 35937523 PMCID: PMC9300430 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis NAC domain transcription factor VND-INTERACTING2 (VNI2) was originally isolated as an interacting protein with another NAC domain transcription factor, VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7), a master regulator of xylem vessel element differentiation. VNI2 inhibits transcriptional activation activity of VND7 by forming a protein complex. Here, to obtain insights into how VNI2 regulates VND7, we tried to identify the amino acid region of VNI2 required for inhibition of VND7. VNI2 has an amino acid sequence similar to the ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR (ERF)-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, conserved in transcriptional repressors, at the C-terminus. A transient expression assay showed that the EAR-like motif of VNI2 was not required for inhibition of VND7. The C-terminal deletion series of VNI2 revealed that 10 amino acid residues, highly conserved in the VNI2 orthologs contributed to effective repression of the transcriptional activation activity of VND7. Observation of transgenic plants ectopically expressing VNI2 showed that the identified 10 amino acid sequence strongly affected xylem vessel formation and plant growth. These data indicated that the 10 amino acid sequence of VNI2 has an important role in its transcriptional repression activity and negative regulation of xylem vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Ailizati
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | | | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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25
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Sui J, Jia W, Xin Y, Zhang Y. Transcriptomics-Based Identification of Genes Related to Tapetum Degradation and Microspore Development in Lily. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020366. [PMID: 35205410 PMCID: PMC8872214 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lily is a popular and economically ornamental crop around the world. However, its high production of pollen grains causes serious problems to consumers, including allergies and staining of clothes. During anther development, the tapetum is a crucial step for pollen formation and microspore release. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of tapetum degradation and microspore development in lily where free pollen contamination occurs. Here, we used the cut lily cultivar ‘Siberia’ to characterize the process of tapetum degradation through the use of cytology and transcriptomic methods. The cytological observation indicated that, as the lily buds developed from 4 cm (Lo 4 cm) to 8 cm (Lo 8 cm), the tapetum completed the degradation process and the microspores matured. Furthermore, by comparing the transcriptome profiling among three developmental stages (Lo 4 cm, Lo 6 cm and Lo 8 cm), we identified 27 differentially expressed genes. These 27 genes were classed into 4 groups by function, namely, cell division and expansion, cell-wall morphogenesis, transcription factors, LRR-RLK (leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases), plant hormone biosynthesis and transduction. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed as validation of the transcriptome data. These selected genes are candidate genes for the tapetum degradation and microspore development of lily and our work provides a theoretical basis for breeding new lily cultivars without pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Sui
- Department of Biology, Biology and Food Engineering College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China;
| | - Wenjie Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.J.); (Y.X.)
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Yin Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.J.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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Hirai R, Wang S, Demura T, Ohtani M. Histone Deacetylation Controls Xylem Vessel Cell Differentiation via Transcriptional Regulation of a Transcription Repressor Complex OFP1/4-MYB75-KNAT7-BLH6. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:825810. [PMID: 35154217 PMCID: PMC8829346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.825810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xylem vessels are indispensable tissues in vascular plants that transport water and minerals. The differentiation of xylem vessel cells is characterized by secondary cell wall deposition and programmed cell death. These processes are initiated by a specific set of transcription factors, called VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) family proteins, through the direct and/or indirectly induction of genes required for secondary cell wall deposition and programmed cell death. In this study, we explored novel regulatory factors for xylem vessel cell differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We tested the effects of cellular stress inducers on VND7-induced differentiation of xylem vessel cells with the VND7-VP16-GR system, in which VND7 activity is post-translationally induced by dexamethasone application. We established that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sirtinol inhibited VND7-induced xylem vessel cell differentiation. The inhibitory effects of TSA and sirtinol treatment were detected only when they were added at the same time as the dexamethasone application, suggesting that TSA and sirtinol mainly influence the early stages of xylem vessel cell differentiation. Expression analysis revealed that these HDAC inhibitors downregulated VND7-downstream genes, including both direct and indirect targets of transcriptional activation. Notably, the HDAC inhibitors upregulated the transcript levels of negative regulators of xylem vessel cells, OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN1 (OFP1), OFP4, and MYB75, which are known to form a protein complex with BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN6 (BLH6) to repress gene transcription. The KDB system, another in vitro induction system of ectopic xylem vessel cells, demonstrated that TSA and sirtinol also inhibited ectopic formation of xylem vessel cells, and this inhibition was partially suppressed in knat7-1, bhl6-1, knat7-1 bhl6-1, and quintuple ofp1 ofp2 ofp3 ofp4 ofp5 mutants. Thus, the negative effects of HDAC inhibitors on xylem vessel cell differentiation are mediated, at least partly, by the abnormal upregulation of the transcriptional repressor complex OFP1/4-MYB75-KNAT7-BLH6. Collectively, our findings suggest that active regulation of histone deacetylation by HDACs is involved in xylem vessel cell differentiation via the OFP1/4-MYB75-KNAT7-BLH6 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risaku Hirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-Innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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Gao Y, Chen Y, Song Z, Zhang J, Lv W, Zhao H, Huo X, Zheng L, Wang F, Zhang J, Zhang T. Comparative Dynamic Transcriptome Reveals the Delayed Secondary-Cell-Wall Thickening Results in Altered Lint Percentage and Fiber Elongation in a Chromosomal Segment Substitution Line of Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:756434. [PMID: 34759948 PMCID: PMC8573213 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.756434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lint percentage (LP) is an important yield component in cotton that is usually affected by initial fiber number and cell wall thickness. To explore how fiber cell wall development affects LP, phenotypic identification and dynamic transcriptome analysis were conducted using a single segment substitution line of chromosome 15 (SL15) that harbors a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for LP. Compared to its recurrent parent LMY22, SL15 did not differ in initial fiber number, but the fiber cell wall thickness and single-fiber weight decreased significantly, altering LP. The comparative transcriptome profiles revealed that the secondary cell wall (SCW) development phase of SL15 was relatively delayed. Meanwhile, the expression of genes related to cell expansion decreased more slightly in SL15 with fiber development, resulting in relatively higher expression at SL15_25D than at LMY22_25D. SCW development-related genes, such as GhNACs and GhMYBs, in the putative NAC-MYB-CESA network differentially expressed at SL15_25D, along with the lower expression of CESA6, CSLC12, and CSLA2. The substituted chromosomal interval was further investigated, and found 6 of 146 candidate genes were differentially expressed in all four cell development periods including 10, 15, 20 and 25 DPA. Genetic variation and co-expression analysis showed that GH_D01G0052, GH_D01G0099, GH_D01G0100, and GH_D01G0140 may be important candidate genes associated with qLP-C15-1. Our results provide novel insights into cell wall development and its relationship with LP, which is beneficial for lint yield and fiber quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhangqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wanyu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuehan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Li X, Wang C, Gao L, Wu Y, Ni X, Sun J, Jiang J. Unveiling the transcriptomic complexity of Miscanthus sinensis using a combination of PacBio long read- and Illumina short read sequencing platforms. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:690. [PMID: 34551715 PMCID: PMC8459517 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Miscanthus sinensis Andersson is a perennial grass that exhibits remarkable lignocellulose characteristics suitable for sustainable bioenergy production. However, knowledge of the genetic resources of this species is relatively limited, which considerably hampers further work on its biology and genetic improvement. Results In this study, through analyzing the transcriptome of mixed samples of leaves and stems using the latest PacBio Iso-Seq sequencing technology combined with Illumina HiSeq, we report the first full-length transcriptome dataset of M. sinensis with a total of 58.21 Gb clean data. An average of 15.75 Gb clean reads of each sample were obtained from the PacBio Iso-Seq system, which doubled the data size (6.68 Gb) obtained from the Illumina HiSeq platform. The integrated analyses of PacBio- and Illumina-based transcriptomic data uncovered 408,801 non-redundant transcripts with an average length of 1,685 bp. Of those, 189,406 transcripts were commonly identified by both methods, 169,149 transcripts with an average length of 619 bp were uniquely identified by Illumina HiSeq, and 51,246 transcripts with an average length of 2,535 bp were uniquely identified by PacBio Iso-Seq. Approximately 96 % of the final combined transcripts were mapped back to the Miscanthus genome, reflecting the high quality and coverage of our sequencing results. When comparing our data with genomes of four species of Andropogoneae, M. sinensis showed the closest relationship with sugarcane with up to 93 % mapping ratios, followed by sorghum with up to 80 % mapping ratios, indicating a high conservation of orthologs in these three genomes. Furthermore, 306,228 transcripts were successfully annotated against public databases including cell wall related genes and transcript factor families, thus providing many new insights into gene functions. The PacBio Iso-Seq data also helped identify 3,898 alternative splicing events and 2,963 annotated AS isoforms within 10 function categories. Conclusions Taken together, the present study provides a rich data set of full-length transcripts that greatly enriches our understanding of M. sinensis transcriptomic resources, thus facilitating further genetic improvement and molecular studies of the Miscanthus species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07971-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Congsheng Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingnan Ni
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Yao T, Feng K, Xie M, Barros J, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Chen JG. Phylogenetic Occurrence of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:704697. [PMID: 34484267 PMCID: PMC8416159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as a rich source of metabolites in plants and provides precursors for lignin biosynthesis. Lignin first appeared in tracheophytes and has been hypothesized to have played pivotal roles in land plant colonization. In this review, we summarize recent progress in defining the lignin biosynthetic pathway in lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. In particular, we review the key structural genes involved in p-hydroxyphenyl-, guaiacyl-, and syringyl-lignin biosynthesis across plant taxa and consider and integrate new insights on major transcription factors, such as NACs and MYBs. We also review insight regarding a new transcriptional regulator, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, canonically identified as a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway. We use several case studies, including EPSP synthase, to illustrate the evolution processes of gene duplication and neo-functionalization in lignin biosynthesis. This review provides new insights into the genetic engineering of the lignin biosynthetic pathway to overcome biomass recalcitrance in bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yao
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Kai Feng
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Meng Xie
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Jaime Barros
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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Cai W, Yang S, Wu R, Cao J, Shen L, Guan D, Shuilin H. Pepper NAC-type transcription factor NAC2c balances the trade-off between growth and defense responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2169-2189. [PMID: 33905518 PMCID: PMC8331138 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to pathogen attacks and high-temperature stress (HTS) are distinct in nature but generally share several signaling components. How plants produce specific responses through these common signaling intermediates remains elusive. With the help of reverse-genetics approaches, we describe here the mechanism underlying trade-offs in pepper (Capsicum annuum) between growth, immunity, and thermotolerance. The NAC-type transcription factor CaNAC2c was induced by HTS and Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI). CaNAC2c-inhibited pepper growth, promoted immunity against RSI by activating jasmonate-mediated immunity and H2O2 accumulation, and promoted HTS responses by activating Heat shock factor A5 (CaHSFA5) transcription and blocking H2O2 accumulation. We show that CaNAC2c physically interacts with CaHSP70 and CaNAC029 in a context-specific manner. Upon HTS, CaNAC2c-CaHSP70 interaction in the nucleus protected CaNAC2c from degradation and resulted in the activation of thermotolerance by increasing CaNAC2c binding and transcriptional activation of its target promoters. CaNAC2c did not induce immunity-related genes under HTS, likely due to the degradation of CaNAC029 by the 26S proteasome. Upon RSI, CaNAC2c interacted with CaNAC029 in the nucleus and activated jasmonate-mediated immunity but was prevented from activating thermotolerance-related genes. In non-stressed plants, CaNAC2c was tethered outside the nucleus by interaction with CaHSP70, and thus was unable to activate either immunity or thermotolerance. Our results indicate that pepper growth, immunity, and thermotolerance are coordinately and tightly regulated by CaNAC2c via its inducible expression and differential interaction with CaHSP70 and CaNAC029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ruijie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jianshen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - He Shuilin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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31
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Buerstmayr M, Wagner C, Nosenko T, Omony J, Steiner B, Nussbaumer T, Mayer KFX, Buerstmayr H. Fusarium head blight resistance in European winter wheat: insights from genome-wide transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:470. [PMID: 34167474 PMCID: PMC8228913 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Resistance to FHB is quantitatively controlled by the combined effects of many small to medium effect QTL. Flowering traits, especially the extent of extruded anthers, are strongly associated with FHB resistance. Results To characterize the genetic basis of FHB resistance, we generated and analyzed phenotypic and gene expression data on the response to Fusarium graminearum (Fg) infection in 96 European winter wheat genotypes, including several lines containing introgressions from the highly resistant Asian cultivar Sumai3. The 96 lines represented a broad range in FHB resistance and were assigned to sub-groups based on their phenotypic FHB severity score. Comparative analyses were conducted to connect sub-group-specific expression profiles in response to Fg infection with FHB resistance level. Collectively, over 12,300 wheat genes were Fusarium responsive. The core set of genes induced in response to Fg was common across different resistance groups, indicating that the activation of basal defense response mechanisms was largely independent of the resistance level of the wheat line. Fg-induced genes tended to have higher expression levels in more susceptible genotypes. Compared to the more susceptible non-Sumai3 lines, the Sumai3-derivatives demonstrated higher constitutive expression of genes associated with cell wall and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis and higher constitutive and Fg-induced expression of genes involved in terpene metabolism. Gene expression analysis of the FHB QTL Qfhs.ifa-5A identified a constitutively expressed gene encoding a stress response NST1-like protein (TraesCS5A01G211300LC) as a candidate gene for FHB resistance. NST1 genes are key regulators of secondary cell wall biosynthesis in anther endothecium cells. Whether the stress response NST1-like gene affects anther extrusion, thereby affecting FHB resistance, needs further investigation. Conclusion Induced and preexisting cell wall components and terpene metabolites contribute to resistance and limit fungal colonization early on. In contrast, excessive gene expression directs plant defense response towards programmed cell death which favors necrotrophic growth of the Fg pathogen and could thus lead to increased fungal colonization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07800-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buerstmayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Christian Wagner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
| | - Tetyana Nosenko
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS) at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jimmy Omony
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institut für Asthma- und Allergieprävention (IAP), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institute of Network Biology (INET), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA-T, Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
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Abscisic acid regulates secondary cell-wall formation and lignin deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana through phosphorylation of NST1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2010911118. [PMID: 33495344 PMCID: PMC7865148 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010911118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin deposition in plants is affected by environmental stress, and stress-signaling involves increases in the levels of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Here we show, using a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches, how ABA can regulate lignin biosynthesis. This involves phosphorylation of the master lignin transcription factor NST1 by a family of protein kinases (SnRK2s) that are themselves activated by phosphorylation as a result of ABA recognition by its receptor. This work provides a basis for designing trees and other biomass plants that are better adapted to stress and climate change. Plant secondary cell-wall (SCW) deposition and lignification are affected by both seasonal factors and abiotic stress, and these responses may involve the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). However, the mechanisms involved are not clear. Here we show that mutations that limit ABA synthesis or signaling reduce the extent of SCW thickness and lignification in Arabidopsis thaliana through the core ABA-signaling pathway involving SnRK2 kinases. SnRK2.2. 3 and 6 physically interact with the SCW regulator NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR 1 (NST1), a NAC family transcription factor that orchestrates the transcriptional activation of a suite of downstream SCW biosynthesis genes, some of which are involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin. This interaction leads to phosphorylation of NST1 at Ser316, a residue that is highly conserved among NST1 proteins from dicots, but not monocots, and is required for transcriptional activation of downstream SCW-related gene promoters. Loss of function of NST1 in the snd1 mutant background results in lack of SCWs in the interfascicular fiber region of the stem, and the Ser316Ala mutant of NST1 fails to complement this phenotype and ABA-induced lignin pathway gene expression. The discovery of NST1 as a key substrate for phosphorylation by SnRK2 suggests that the ABA-mediated core-signaling cascade provided land plants with a hormone-modulated, competitive desiccation-tolerance strategy allowing them to differentiate water-conducting and supporting tissues built of cells with thicker cell walls.
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Zhong R, Kandasamy MK, Ye ZH. XND1 Regulates Secondary Wall Deposition in Xylem Vessels through the Inhibition of VND Functions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:53-65. [PMID: 33764471 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Secondary wall deposition in xylem vessels is activated by Vascular-Related NAC Domain proteins (VNDs) that belong to a group of secondary wall NAC (SWN) transcription factors. By contrast, Xylem NAC Domain1 (XND1) negatively regulates secondary wall deposition in xylem vessels when overexpressed. The mechanism by which XND1 exerts its functions remains elusive. We employed the promoter of the fiber-specific Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Domain1 (SND1) gene to ectopically express XND1 in fiber cells to investigate its mechanism of action on secondary wall deposition. Ectopic expression of XND1 in fiber cells severely diminished their secondary wall deposition and drastically reduced the expression of SWN-regulated downstream transcription factors and secondary wall biosynthetic genes but not that of the SWN genes themselves. Transactivation analyses revealed that XND1 specifically inhibited SWN-activated expression of these downstream genes but not their MYB46-activated expression. Both the NAC domain and the C-terminus of XND1 were required for its inhibitory function and its NAC domain interacted with the DNA-binding domains of SWNs. XND1 was shown to be localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus and its co-expression with VND6 resulted in the cytoplasmic sequestration of VND6. Furthermore, the C-terminus of XND1 was indispensable for the XND1-mediated cytoplasmic retention of VND6 and its fusion to VND6 was able to direct VND6 to the cytoplasm and render it unable to activate the gene expression. Since the XND1 gene is specifically expressed in xylem cells, these results indicate that XND1 acts through inhibiting VND functions to negatively regulate secondary wall deposition in xylem vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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34
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Bian Z, Gao H, Wang C. NAC Transcription Factors as Positive or Negative Regulators during Ongoing Battle between Pathogens and Our Food Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E81. [PMID: 33374758 PMCID: PMC7795297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) family of proteins is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor (TF) families and its members play varied roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In recent years, NAC TFs have been demonstrated to participate in crop-pathogen interactions, as positive or negative regulators of the downstream defense-related genes. NAC TFs link signaling pathways between plant hormones, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA), or other signals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), to regulate the resistance against pathogens. Remarkably, NAC TFs can also contribute to hypersensitive response and stomatal immunity or can be hijacked as virulence targets of pathogen effectors. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the structure, biological functions and signaling networks of NAC TFs in response to pathogens in several main food crops, such as rice, wheat, barley, and tomato, and explore the directions needed to further elucidate the function and mechanisms of these key signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chongying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.B.); (H.G.)
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Chen MX, Zhang KL, Zhang M, Das D, Fang YM, Dai L, Zhang J, Zhu FY. Alternative splicing and its regulatory role in woody plants. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1475-1486. [PMID: 32589747 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional process to enhance proteome diversity in eukaryotic organisms. In plants, numerous reports have primarily focused on AS analysis in model plant species or herbaceous plants, leading to a notable lack of research on AS in woody plants. More importantly, emerging evidence indicates that many important traits, including wood formation and stress resistance, in woody plants are controlled by AS. In this review article, we summarize the current progress of all kinds of AS studies in different tree species at various stages of development and in response to various stresses, revealing the significant role played by AS in woody plants, as well as the similar properties and differential regulation within their herbaceous counterparts. Furthermore, we propose several potential strategies to facilitate the functional characterization of splicing factors in woody plants and evaluate a general pipeline for the systematic characterization of splicing isoforms in a complex AS regulatory network. The utilization of genetic studies and high-throughput omics integration approaches to analyze AS genes and splicing factors is likely to further advance our understanding of AS modulation in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Xian Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Kai-Lu Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Debatosh Das
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yan-Ming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Fu-Yuan Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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