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Zhou G, Shen P, Sun Y, Zhang X, Yan C, Yu J, Liu F, Yang D, Deng L, Xu E, Wang Y, Liu L, Tong C, Sun T, Wang X. Transcriptome profiling of bovine endometrial epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharides in vitro. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4588-4599. [PMID: 36756956 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2174876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Endometritis is an inflammation of the surface of the endometrium that does not penetrate the submucosa and can cause infertility and increase the elimination rate in cows. Endometrial epithelial cells are the first barrier of the endometrium against foreign stimuli and bacterial infection. Understanding the genetic changes in stimulated endometrial epithelial cells will help in the efforts to prevent and treat endometritis. This study investigated changes in bovine endometrial epithelial (BEEC) gene expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and compared transcriptome-wide gene changes between LPS- and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)- treated BEECs by RNA sequencing. Compared with the PBS group, the LPS group showed 60 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (36 upregulated, 24 downregulated). Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that most enrichment occurred during CXCR chemokine receptor binding, inflammatory response, and neutrophil migration. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed DEGs mainly concentrated in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions; IL-17, tumor necrosis factor, NOD-like receptor, chemokine, Toll-like receptor, and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways; and the cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway. Moreover, results revealed that cytokines SAA3 and HP increased significantly after LPS treatment. These effects of LPS on BEECs transcriptome and the molecular mechanism of endometritis provide a basis for improved clinical treatment and novel drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuangWei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - PuXiu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - ChenBo Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - JingCheng Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - DeXin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - LiXin Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - EnBu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - YiZhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Wuhu Overseas Student Pioneer Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - XueBing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Lyu F, Burzynski C, Fang YY, Tal A, Chen AY, Kisa J, Agrawal K, Kluger Y, Taylor HS, Tal R. Maternal CXCR4 deletion results in placental defects and pregnancy loss mediated by immune dysregulation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172216. [PMID: 37815869 PMCID: PMC10721256 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is a key regulator of the development of NK cells and DCs, both of which play an important role in early placental development and immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. However, the role of CXCR4 in pregnancy is not well understood. Our study demonstrates that adult-induced global genetic CXCR4 deletion, but not uterine-specific CXCR4 deletion, was associated with increased pregnancy resorptions and decreased litter size. CXCR4-deficient mice had decreased NK cells and increased granulocytes in the decidua, along with increased leukocyte numbers in peripheral blood. We found that CXCR4-deficient mice had abnormal decidual NK cell aggregates and NK cell infiltration into trophoblast areas beyond the giant cell layer. This was associated with low NK cell expression of granzyme B, a NK cell granule effector, indicative of NK cell dysfunction. Pregnancy failure in these mice was associated with abnormalities in placental vascular development and increased placental expression of inflammatory genes. Importantly, adoptive BM transfer of WT CXCR4+ BM cells into CXCR4-deficient mice rescued the reproductive deficits by normalizing NK cell function and mediating normal placental vascular development. Collectively, our study found an important role for maternal CXCR4 expression in immune cell function, placental development, and pregnancy maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Chase Burzynski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Yuan yuan Fang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Aya Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Alice Y. Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Jacqueline Kisa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Kriti Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program of Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program of Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S. Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
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Löb S, Knabl J, Vattai A, Schmoeckel E, Kuhn C, Mittelberger J, Wöckel A, Mahner S, Jeschke U. Obesity in pregnancy is associated with macrophage influx and an upregulated GRO-alpha and IL-6 expression in the decidua. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103800. [PMID: 36640674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
About one third of all reproductive-aged women are affected by obesity. Maternal obesity is linked to an adverse outcome for both mother and child. The expression of the pro-inflammatory IL-6 and GRO-alpha as well as the infiltration of macrophages in the placenta of obese, non-diabetic pregnancies was examined by immunohistochemistry in comparison to the placenta of normal weight women. In obese pregnancies the influx of macrophages was significantly increased (p = 0.012). The protein expression of IL-6 and GRO-alpha was significantly elevated (p = 0.036 and p < 0.001, respectively) in the decidua of adipose females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Löb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Knabl
- Department of Obstetrics, Klinik Hallerwiese, Sankt-Johannis-Mühlgasse 19, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 27, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Mittelberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
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Freitag N, Baston-Buest DM, Kruessel JS, Markert UR, Fehm TN, Bielfeld AP. Eutopic endometrial immune profile of infertility-patients with and without endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Govindasamy V, Rajendran A, Lee ZX, Ooi GC, Then KY, Then KL, Gayathri M, Kumar Das A, Cheong SK. The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in modulating antiageing process. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1999-2016. [PMID: 34245637 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and age-related diseases share some basic origin that largely converges on inflammation. Precisely, it boils down to a common pathway characterised by the appearance of a fair amount of proinflammatory cytokines known as inflammageing. Among the proposed treatment for antiageing, MSCs gained attention in recent years. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate itself into a myriad of terminal cells, previously it was believed that these cells migrate to the site of injury and perform their therapeutic effect. However, with the more recent discovery of huge amounts of paracrine factors secreted by MSCs, it is now widely accepted that these cells do not engraft upon transplantation but rather unveil their benefits through excretion of bioactive molecules namely those involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Conversely, the true function of these paracrine changes has not been thoroughly investigated all these years. Hence, this review will describe in detail on ways MSCs may capitalize its paracrine properties in modulating antiageing process. Through a comprehensive literature search various elements in the antiageing process, we aim to provide a novel treatment perspective of MSCs in antiageing related clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendran Govindasamy
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abilashini Rajendran
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhi-Xin Lee
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ghee-Chien Ooi
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong-Yong Then
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Brighton Healthcare (Bio-X Healthcare Sdn Bhd), Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khong-Lek Then
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Merilynn Gayathri
- Brighton Healthcare (Bio-X Healthcare Sdn Bhd), Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Deparment of Surgery, IQ City Medical College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lapshtaeva AV, Sychev IV, Goncharova LN. Laboratory predictors of pregnancy in vitro fertilization. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:291-296. [PMID: 34047515 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-5-291-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Identification of factors determining both of favorable and unfavorable outcome of IVF will increase the effectiveness of this method and optimize infertility treatment. The aim of the research is to analyze the correlation between serum IL-1α concentration, its gene rs1800587 (C/T) genotype carrier and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4)), and evaluate the prognostic significance of their combinations in women with tube-peritoneal infertility under the IVF program. 120 patients with tube-peritoneal infertility who applied for an IVF program were examined. Depending on the outcome of the procedure, 2 groups of patients were allocated: 1 group - 40 women who had a pregnancy after IVF, 2 group - 80 patients who did not have a pregnancy. The content of IL-1α, TSH, T3, T4 was determined in blood by ELISA. Genotyping was performed on the rs1800587 (C/T) polymorphic marker of the IL-1α gene. TSH, T3, T4 were within the norm for both groups. In our study, women with a TSH concentration of 0.23 to 1.7 nmol/L had a chance of a favorable IVF outcome 1.4 times higher than with other TSH levels (p = 0.042901); with a T3 level of 1.0 to 1.8 nmol/L had a chance of becoming pregnant 5.7 times higher than with other levels of T3 (p = 0.00002). For T4 concentration, the confidence test was not achieved (p = 0.068505). The individual indicators of IL-1α, TSH, T3 and carrier of the genotype of the gene IL-1α at the preconceptive stage have lower diagnostic value than their combined combination. Three combinations have maximum predictive value: a combination of the T/T genotype of the IL-1α gene and the TSH level of 0.23 to 1.7 nmol/l - OR = 8.1 (p = 0.000048); combination of IL-1α of 28.7 to 85.1 pg/ml, T/T gene genotype IL-1α and TSH level of 0.23 to 1.7 nmol/l - OR = 8.1 (p = 0.000048); combination of IL-1α of 28.7 to 85.1 pg/ml, T/T gene genotype IL-1α, TSH level of 0.23 to 1.7 nmol/l and T3 level of 1.0 to 1.8 nmol/l - OR = 8.1 (p = 0.000146). Thus, proposed new prognostic markers of IVF program effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Lapshtaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University»
| | - I V Sychev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University»
| | - L N Goncharova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University»
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Ma C, Liu G, Liu W, Xu W, Li H, Piao S, Sui Y, Feng W. CXCL1 stimulates decidual angiogenesis via the VEGF-A pathway during the first trimester of pregnancy. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2989-2998. [PMID: 33770315 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical to establishing a successful pregnancy. The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is an important chemokine involved in the processes of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis; however, little is known about its role in decidual angiogenesis. Effects of CXCL1 on cell proliferation and migration (propidium iodide staining and wound healing assays) of HUVEC cells were determined. The angiogenesis roles of CXCL1 in HUVEC-HTR8/SVneo co-culture system were detected by the tube formation assay. Signal transduction pathways in HUVEC cells in response to CXCL1 were determined by in-cell western analyses. In vivo, mice were injected with (1) PBS (Group A) or (2) CXCL1-neutralizing antibody (Group B) or (3) CXCL1-neutralizing antibody plus recombinant VEGF-A protein (Group C) from E1 to E5 and sacrificed at E6.5 of pregnancy. The decidual angiogenesis in mice was examined by immunohistochemistry of cluster designation 34 (CD34), and the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in the decidual cells and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in decidual vascular endothelial cells were also tested. Exogenous recombinant human CXCL1 supported endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and this effect was blocked by CXCL1-neutralizing antibody or CXCR2 inhibitor SB265610. The tube formation of HUVEC-HTR8/SVneo co-culture system was significantly stimulated by CXCL1, but this effect was markedly abrogated once they were pretreated with CXCL1-neutralizing antibody or CXCR2 inhibitor SB265610. In addition, the level of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in HUVEC cells was increased by CXCL1, and this level was suppressed by CXCL1-neutralizing antibody or CXCR2 inhibitor SB265610. In vivo, compared with Group A (n = 3), decidual angiogenesis was significantly reduced in Group B by CD34 immunostaining. But compared with Group B, decidual angiogenesis was significantly increased in Group C. In addition, the expression of VEGF-A and VEGFR2 was significantly increased after neutralizing of CXCL1 in Group B. In conclusions, CXCL1 may play essential roles in decidual angiogenesis during the first trimester, and this function may be mediated in part via altering VEGF-A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Guangxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Hongtu Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Shuhua Piao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Yang Sui
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Wenhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China.
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Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of endometrial cells on activities of endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells during menstruation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:239. [PMID: 32552749 PMCID: PMC7302161 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of endometrial stem/progenitor cells in a high turnover rate tissue suggests that a well-orchestrated underlying network controls the behaviour of these stem cells. The thickness of the endometrium can grow from 0.5-1 mm to 5-7 mm within a week indicating the need of stem cells for self-renewal and differentiation during this period. The cyclical regeneration of the endometrium suggests specific signals can activate the stem cells during or shortly after menstruation. METHODS Endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells (eMSCs) were cocultured with endometrial epithelial or stromal cells from different phases of the menstrual cycle; the clonogenicity and the phenotypic expression of eMSC markers (CD140b and CD146) were assessed. The functional role of WNT/β-catenin signalling on eMSC was determined by western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and small interfering RNA. The cytokine levels in the conditioned medium of epithelial or stromal cells cocultured with eMSCs were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Coculture of endometrial cells (epithelial or stromal) from the menstrual phase enhanced the clonogenicity and self-renewal activities of eMSCs. Such phenomenon was not observed in niche cells from the proliferative phase. Coculture with endometrial cells from the menstrual phase confirmed an increase in expression of active β-catenin in the eMSCs. Treatment with IWP-2, a WNT inhibitor, suppressed the observed effects. Anti-R-spondin-1 antibody reduced the stimulatory action of endometrial niche cells on WNT/β-catenin activation in the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, the mRNA level and protein immunoreactivities of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 were higher in eMSCs than unfractionated stromal cells. Conditioned media of endometrial niche cells cocultured with eMSCs contained increased levels of C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL5 and interleukin 6. Treatment with these cytokines increased the clonogenic activity and phenotypic expression of eMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a role of WNT/β-catenin signalling in regulating activities of endometrial stem/progenitor cells during menstruation. Certain cytokines at menstruation can stimulate the proliferation and self-renewal activities of eMSCs. Understanding the mechanism in the regulation of eMSCs may contribute to treatments of endometrial proliferative disorders such as Asherman's syndrome.
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Liu C, Choi MW, Xue X, Cheung PCK. Immunomodulatory Effect of Structurally Characterized Mushroom Sclerotial Polysaccharides Isolated from Polyporus rhinocerus on Bone Marrow Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12137-12143. [PMID: 31566976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of two high-molecular-weight and structurally different mushroom polysaccharides, an alkali-soluble polysaccharide (mPRSon) and a water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complex (PRW), isolated previously from the sclerotia of Pleurotus rhinocerus, on the maturation of murine bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The effects of mPRSon and PRW on the expression of morphological change, surface molecules, phagocytic activity, and cytokine release in BMDCs were determined by flow cytometry and a mouse cytokine array. The results showed that both mPRSon and PRW could induce phenotypic and functional maturation of BMDCs. At the same time, mPRSon upregulated the expression of membrane phenotypic marker CD86 and PRW markedly upregulated CD40, CD80, and CD86. In addition, mPRSon could bind to the dectin-1 receptor and stimulate the release of MIP-1α, MIP-2, and IL-2, while PRW could bind to complement receptor 3 and toll-like receptor 2 with an upregulation of the expression of IL-2, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-2, RANTES, IL-12p40p70, IL-12p70, TIMP-1, IFN-γ, KC, MCP-1, and GCSF. The study provides additional information on how structural differences in sclerotial polysaccharides influence their immunomodulatory activities on BMDCs involving different PAMP receptors. It is anticipated that more understanding of the interactions between the sclerotial polysaccharides and their receptors in immune cells can facilitate their future application for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Medical Research Center , The People's Hospital of Longhua , Shenzhen , 518109 , People's Republic of China
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Man Wing Choi
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Xingkui Xue
- Medical Research Center , The People's Hospital of Longhua , Shenzhen , 518109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
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Koh YQ, Mitchell MD, Almughlliq FB, Vaswani K, Peiris HN. Regulation of inflammatory mediator expression in bovine endometrial cells: effects of lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13676. [PMID: 29707922 PMCID: PMC5925570 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal uterine environment can influence maternal-fetal communication, conception rate and disrupt normal embryo development, thereby affecting fertility and the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Animal variability means that development of endometrial cell lines with appropriate characteristic are required. We evaluated the effect of an infectious agent (i.e., bacterial lipopolysaccharide; LPS) and proinflammatory mediators (i.e., Interleukin 1 beta; IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFα) on inflammatory mediator gene expression and production by bovine endometrial epithelial (bEEL) and stromal (bCSC) cell lines. Expression of CXCL8/IL8, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 cytokine genes was significantly upregulated in both epithelial and stromal cells when treated with LPS and IL-1β. LPS treatment of epithelial cells (compared with treatment by IL-1β and TNFα) exhibited greater CXCL8/IL8, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 cytokine gene expression. Whereas, in stromal cells, IL-1β treatment (compared with LPS and TNFα) exhibited greater CXCL8/IL8, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 cytokine gene expression. Interestingly, bEEL and bCSC cells treated with IL-1β increased IL1B gene expression, suggesting that IL-1β may act unusually in an autocrine-positive feedback loop. Cytokine production was stimulated by these agents in both cell types. We suggest that the characteristics of these two cell lines make them excellent tools for the study of intrauterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Murray D. Mitchell
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Fatema B. Almughlliq
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kanchan Vaswani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Hassendrini N. Peiris
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Preclinical chorioamnionitis dysregulates CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling throughout the placental-fetal-brain axis. Exp Neurol 2017; 301:110-119. [PMID: 29117499 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, perinatal brain injury (PBI) is a major cause of infant mortality and childhood disability. For a large proportion of infants with PBI, central nervous system (CNS) injury begins in utero with inflammation (chorioamnionitis/CHORIO) and/or hypoxia-ischemia. While studies show CHORIO contributes to preterm CNS injury and is also a common independent risk factor for brain injury in term infants, the molecular mechanisms mediating inflammation in the placental-fetal-brain axis that result in PBI remain a gap in knowledge. The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), and its cognate receptor, CXCR2, have been clinically implicated in CHORIO and in mature CNS injury, although their specific role in PBI pathophysiology is poorly defined. Given CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling is essential to neural cell development and neutrophil recruitment, a key pathological hallmark of CHORIO, we hypothesized CHORIO would upregulate CXCL1/CXCR2 expression in the placenta and fetal circulation, concomitant with increased CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling in the developing brain, immune cell activation, neutrophilia, and microstructural PBI. On embryonic day 18 (E18), a laparotomy was performed in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to induce CHORIO. Specifically, uterine arteries were occluded for 60min to induce placental transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI), followed by intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pups were born at E22. Placentae, serum and brain were collected along an extended time course from E19 to postnatal day (P)15 and analyzed using multiplex electrochemiluminescence (MECI), Western blot, qPCR, flow cytometry (FC) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Results demonstrate that compared to sham, CHORIO increases placental CXCL1 and CXCR2 mRNA levels, concomitant with increased CXCR2+ neutrophils. Interestingly, pup serum CXCL1 expression in CHORIO parallels this increase, with sustained elevation through P15. Analyses of CHORIO brains reveal similarly increased CXCL1/CXCR2 expression through P7, together with increased neutrophilia, microgliosis and peripheral macrophages. Similar to the placenta, cerebral neutrophilia was defined by increased CXCR2 surface expression and elevated myeloperoxidase expression (MPO), consistent with immune cell activation. Evaluation of microstructural brain injury at P15 with DTI reveals aberrant microstructural integrity in the callosal and capsular white matter, with reduced fractional anisotropy in superficial and deep layers of overlying cortex. In summary, using an established model of CHORIO that exhibits mature CNS deficits mimicking those of preterm survivors, we show CHORIO induces injury throughout the placental-fetal-brain axis with a CXCL1/CXCR2 inflammatory signature, neutrophilia, and microstructural abnormalities. These data are concomitant with abnormal cerebral CXCL1/CXCR2 expression, and support temporal aberrations in CXCL1/CXCR2 and neutrophil dynamics in the placental-fetal-brain axis following CHORIO. These investigations define novel targets for directed therapies for infants at high risk for PBI.
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Syndecan-1 Acts as an Important Regulator of CXCL1 Expression and Cellular Interaction of Human Endometrial Stromal and Trophoblast Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8379256. [PMID: 28293067 PMCID: PMC5331292 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8379256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful implantation of the embryo into the human receptive endometrium is substantial for the establishment of a healthy pregnancy. This study focusses on the role of Syndecan-1 at the embryo-maternal interface, the multitasking coreceptor influencing ligand concentration, release and receptor presentation, and cellular morphology. CXC motif ligand 1, being involved in chemotaxis and angiogenesis during implantation, is of special interest as a ligand of Syndecan-1. Human endometrial stromal cells with and without Syndecan-1 knock-down were decidualized and treated with specific inhibitors to evaluate signaling pathways regulating CXC ligand 1 expression. Western blot analyses of MAPK and Wnt members were performed, followed by analysis of spheroid interactions between human endometrial cells and extravillous trophoblast cells. By mimicking embryo contact using IL-1β, we showed less ERK and c-Jun activation by depletion of Syndecan-1 and less Frizzled 4 production as part of the canonical Wnt pathway. Additionally, more beta-catenin was phosphorylated and therefore degraded after depletion of Syndecan-1. Secretion of CXC motif ligand 1 depends on MEK-1 with respect to Syndecan-1. Regarding the interaction of endometrial and trophoblast cells, the spheroid center-to-center distances were smaller after depletion of Syndecan-1. Therefore, Syndecan-1 seems to affect signaling processes relevant to signaling and intercellular interaction at the trophoblast-decidual interface.
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Gellersen B, Brosens JJ. Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:851-905. [PMID: 25141152 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decidualization denotes the transformation of endometrial stromal fibroblasts into specialized secretory decidual cells that provide a nutritive and immunoprivileged matrix essential for embryo implantation and placental development. In contrast to most mammals, decidualization of the human endometrium does not require embryo implantation. Instead, this process is driven by the postovulatory rise in progesterone levels and increasing local cAMP production. In response to falling progesterone levels, spontaneous decidualization causes menstrual shedding and cyclic regeneration of the endometrium. A growing body of evidence indicates that the shift from embryonic to maternal control of the decidual process represents a pivotal evolutionary adaptation to the challenge posed by invasive and chromosomally diverse human embryos. This concept is predicated on the ability of decidualizing stromal cells to respond to individual embryos in a manner that either promotes implantation and further development or facilitates early rejection. Furthermore, menstruation and cyclic regeneration involves stem cell recruitment and renders the endometrium intrinsically capable of adapting its decidual response to maximize reproductive success. Here we review the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine cues that tightly govern this differentiation process. In response to activation of various signaling pathways and genome-wide chromatin remodeling, evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factors gain access to the decidua-specific regulatory circuitry. Once initiated, the decidual process is poised to transit through distinct phenotypic phases that underpin endometrial receptivity, embryo selection, and, ultimately, resolution of pregnancy. We discuss how disorders that subvert the programming, initiation, or progression of decidualization compromise reproductive health and predispose for pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Gellersen
- Endokrinologikum Hamburg (B.G.), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and Division of Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Baston-Büst DM, Schanz A, Böddeker SJ, Altergot-Ahmad O, Krüssel JS, Rein D, Hess AP. CXCL1 expression in human decidua in vitro is mediated via the MAPK signalling cascade. Cytokine 2013; 64:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Granot I, Gnainsky Y, Dekel N. Endometrial inflammation and effect on implantation improvement and pregnancy outcome. Reproduction 2012; 144:661-8. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Implantation failure, which is presently the major barrier in human fertility, is attributed, in many cases, to the failure of the uterus to acquire receptivity. The transition into a receptive uterus includes cellular changes in the endometrium and the modulated expression of different cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors, and prostaglandins. These molecules partake in the generation of an inflammatory response followed by the recruitment of immune cells. These cells have shown to be involved in the maternal immune tolerance toward the implanted embryo as well as in the maternal–fetus interaction during pregnancy. Most of the accumulated evidence indicates that embryo implantation is associated with an active Th1 inflammatory response while a Th2-humoral inflammation is required for pregnancy maintenance. Yet, recent findings suggest that a Th1 inflammatory response is also necessary for the acquisition of uterine receptivity. This notion was originally suggested by reports from our and other clinical centers worldwide that IVF patients with repeated implantation failure subjected to endometrial biopsy exhibit a substantial improvement in their chances to conceive. These findings, followed by the demonstration of an elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression, as well as an increased abundance of immune cells, in the endometrium of these patients, raised the idea that acquisition of uterine receptivity is closely associated with an inflammatory response. This review summarizes the molecular and biochemical evidence that confirm this notion and proposes a mechanism by which injury-induced inflammation improves uterine receptivity and the subsequent pregnancy outcome.
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Rancez M, Couëdel-Courteille A, Cheynier R. Chemokines at mucosal barriers and their impact on HIV infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:233-43. [PMID: 22728258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aside from representing a physical barrier and providing an unfavorable chemical milieu to viral and bacterial infections, mucosae of gut and female genital tract also contain organized lymphoid structures that support the initiation of anti-microbial immune responses, and more diffuse lymphoid tissues that represent immune effector mucosal sites. Local expression of specific chemokines orchestrates lymphoid cell trafficking and positioning in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, leading to their efficient priming during antigenic stimulations as well as their specific homing back where they were primed. This review examines productions and roles of mucosae-specific chemokines in healthy and pathological conditions, as well as their possible positive and deleterious effects during mucosal HIV infection.
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Rocha ALL, Reis FM, Petraglia F. New trends for the medical treatment of endometriosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:905-19. [PMID: 22568855 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.683783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometriosis is a benign sex hormone-dependent gynecological disease, characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus; it affects 10% of women of reproductive age and is associated with infertility and pain. Treatment of endometriosis involves conservative or radical surgery, or medical therapies. The goals for endometriosis treatment may be the relief of pain and/or a successful pregnancy achievement in infertile patients. Treatment must be individualized with a multidisciplinary approach. The classical treatments carry adverse side effects and in some cases a negative impact on quality of life. New agents promise a distinct perspective in endometriosis treatment. AREAS COVERED The aim of this paper is to systematically review the literature evidence of new medical treatments for endometriosis, defined as pharmacological treatments not yet commonly available and currently under investigation. EXPERT OPINION These new medical therapies would be used associated with surgical treatment and, in the future, will render possible the association of hormone therapy with non-hormonal treatment for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza L Rocha
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy
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Wong KH, Lai CK, Cheung PC. Immunomodulatory activities of mushroom sclerotial polysaccharides. Food Hydrocoll 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Chronic endometritis is often identified in the patients with unexplained infertility, and is histopathologically characterized by infiltration of plasmacytes within the endometrial stroma. In parallel with stromal plasmacyte infiltration, the endometrial functional layer in chronic endometritis is invaded by B cells, which are a rare leukocyte subset residing within the basal layer in the nonpathological endometrium. In this study, we investigated the molecular expression underlying this unusual increase of B cells in chronic endometritis. Twenty-two out of 76 infertile patients were diagnosed with chronic endometritis from the stromal plasmacyte infiltration, and the endometrium contained numerous stromal B-cell aggregates and glandular single B cells. However, the other major leukocyte subsets, including T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils were comparable in densities in chronic endometritis and nonpathological endometrium. The microvascular endothelium showed immunoreactivity to adhesion molecule selectin E and chemokine CXCL13 along with immunoreactivity to CXCL1 in the glandular epithelium in chronic endometritis, but not in the nonpathological endometrium. Lipopolysaccharide significantly induced surface selectin E expression and CXCL13 secretion in uterine microvascular endothelial cells, and CXCL1 secretion in endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. These findings indicated that the aberrant local microenvironment triggered possibly by bacterial infection has a role in selective extravasation of circulating B cells in chronic endometritis.
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Effect of ovarian steroids on gene expression profile in human uterine microvascular endothelial cells. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:709-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tsuno A, Nasu K, Yuge A, Matsumoto H, Nishida M, Narahara H. Decidualization attenuates the contractility of eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal cells: implications for hormone therapy of endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:2516-23. [PMID: 19351726 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Decidualization of the endometrium involves the morphological and biochemical reprogramming of the estrogen-primed proliferative endometrial stromal compartment under the continuing influence of progesterone. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of the extracellular matrix contractility of eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal cells during the tissue remodeling processes associated with decidualization. DESIGN The effect of decidualization on the contractile profile of the endometriotic cyst stromal cells and eutopic endometrial stromal cells with or without endometriosis in the three-dimensional collagen gel culture was investigated using laser scanning microscopy, collagen gel contraction assays, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Decidualized ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells in the three-dimensional collagen gel culture mimicked the morphology of decidual tissue in vivo. In vitro decidualization inhibited the contractility of these eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal cells. Down-regulation of integrin alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 expression, suppression of Ras homology A (Rho A), Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK)-I and ROCK-II expression, inhibition of the differentiation into the myofibroblastic phenotype, and induction of differentiation into epithelioid decidual phenotype were observed in these cells during decidualization. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the attenuation of eutopic endometrial stromal cell-mediated contractility by decidualization is a novel and integral mechanism of the physiological endometrial tissue remodeling process during menstrual cycles. Although ectopic endometrial stromal cells have enhanced contractile profile, decidualization can attenuate the contractility of these cells. These findings may be one of the action mechanisms by which oral contraceptives and progestins ameliorate endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Tsuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Germeyer A, Sharkey AM, Prasadajudio M, Sherwin R, Moffett A, Bieback K, Clausmeyer S, Masters L, Popovici RM, Hess AP, Strowitzki T, von Wolff M. Paracrine effects of uterine leucocytes on gene expression of human uterine stromal fibroblasts. Mol Hum Reprod 2008; 15:39-48. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gan075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dunk C, Smith S, Hazan A, Whittle W, Jones RL. Promotion of angiogenesis by human endometrial lymphocytes. Immunol Invest 2008; 37:583-610. [PMID: 18716939 DOI: 10.1080/08820130802191466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human endometrium is a unique tissue that undergoes dramatic monthly remodeling during the menstrual cycle in preparation for an implanting conceptus. This remodeling involves sequential proliferation and differentiation of endometrial stromal and epithelial cells, coupled with extensive angiogenesis and infiltration of a specific specialized immune cell subset. Increasing evidence points to an essential role for these maternal leukocytes in stimulating the endometrial angiogenesis, and we propose that they also play a key role in the decidual vascular transformation. Aberrant endometrial angiogenesis, decidualisation and vascular transformation is thought to underlie many pathologies of pregnancy, from infertility to the development of preeclampsia and Intra Uterine Growth Restriction. In this chapter we review the cellular processes associated with each stage of endometrial and decidual transformation, detailing the role of the immune cell populations and the angiogenic and chemotactic factors secreted by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dunk
- Departments of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's and Infants Health, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Netsu S, Konno R, Odagiri K, Soma M, Fujiwara H, Suzuki M. Oral eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation as possible therapy for endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2007; 90:1496-502. [PMID: 18054352 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) compared with n-6 linoleic acid (LA) in an endometriosis rat model. We focused on the relationship between lipid metabolism and inflammatory reactions in endometriosis based on the hypothesis that a lipid intake imbalance is one of the factors responsible for the recent increase of endometriosis. DESIGN Prospective, randomized experimental study. SETTING Animal surgery laboratory in a university hospital. ANIMAL(S) Sprague-Dawley rats (female, 6 weeks old). INTERVENTION(S) Rats were fed a diet with EPA (n = 9) or with LA (n = 9) for 2 weeks. Two weeks after feeding, the uterus was autotransplanted to the peritoneum to construct an endometriosis model. Feeding was continued for a total of 6 weeks. Two and 4 weeks after autotransplantation, three rats of each group were killed and evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endometriotic lesions were morphologically evaluated and their fatty acid composition was examined. Gene expression in these tissues was evaluated by cDNA microarray analysis and quantative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT(S) In the EPA group, the n-3:n-6 ratio in each tissue significantly increased and the thickening of the interstitium, an active site for inflammation in endometriosis, was significantly suppressed (0.30 +/- 0.09 mm [EPA group] vs. 0.77 +/- 0.23 mm [LA group]). The mRNA of metalloproteinases, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1r, prostaglandin E synthase (Ptges), and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB were reduced in the EPA group. CONCLUSION(S) EPA supplementation might be a valid strategy for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiho Netsu
- Department of Gynecology, Jichi Medical University Sitama Medical Center, Omiya, Saitama, Japan
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Cheng CW, Bielby H, Licence D, Smith SK, Print CG, Charnock-Jones DS. Quantitative cellular and molecular analysis of the effect of progesterone withdrawal in a murine model of decidualization. Biol Reprod 2007; 76:871-83. [PMID: 17251523 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.057950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes periodic growth, remodeling and breakdown under the influence of ovarian steroid hormones. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, we used a murine model to mimic the decidualization and regression observed in humans. Ovariectomized mice were treated sequentially with steroid hormones, and subsequently, to induce decidualization, oil was injected into the uterine lumen. The animals were then divided into progesterone-maintained and progesterone-withdrawal groups. In the latter group, a process similar to menstruation was induced. The uterine tissues were collected at several time-points after the induction of decidualization. Histological analysis demonstrated that decidualization and tissue degeneration were successfully induced with similar features to those observed during the human menstrual cycle. Immunohistochemical, morphometric, and microarray-based techniques were used to study the cellular and molecular changes. The volume fractions of leukocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, but not endothelial cells, increased in decidualized uteri and decreased after major tissue degradation was completed. The microarray data show that the levels of many transcripts that encode immune-related factors changed during the time-course used for this model, and the transcript levels of many of these factors paralleled the changes observed in the volume fractions of the immune cells. The results of the present study suggest that this model is a useful alternative to the use of non-human primates. Our findings also show that immune cells are recruited into the menstruating endometrium, and that immune-related genes are regulated in the uterus throughout menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Cheng
- Reproductive Molecular Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
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26
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Hess AP, Hamilton AE, Talbi S, Dosiou C, Nyegaard M, Nayak N, Genbecev-Krtolica O, Mavrogianis P, Ferrer K, Kruessel J, Fazleabas AT, Fisher SJ, Giudice LC. Decidual stromal cell response to paracrine signals from the trophoblast: amplification of immune and angiogenic modulators. Biol Reprod 2006; 76:102-17. [PMID: 17021345 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.054791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During the invasive phase of implantation, trophoblasts and maternal decidual stromal cells secrete products that regulate trophoblast differentiation and migration into the maternal endometrium. Paracrine interactions between the extravillous trophoblast and the maternal decidua are important for successful embryonic implantation, including establishing the placental vasculature, anchoring the placenta to the uterine wall, and promoting the immunoacceptance of the fetal allograph. To our knowledge, global crosstalk between the trophoblast and the decidua has not been elucidated to date, and the present study used a functional genomics approach to investigate these paracrine interactions. Human endometrial stromal cells were decidualized with progesterone and further treated with conditioned media from human trophoblasts (TCM) or, as a control, with control conditioned media (CCM) from nondecidualized stromal cells for 0, 3, and 12 h. Total RNA was isolated and processed for analysis on whole-genome, high-density oligonucleotide arrays containing 54,600 genes. We found that 1374 genes were significantly upregulated and that 3443 genes were significantly downregulated after 12 h of coincubation of stromal cells with TCM, compared to CCM. Among the most upregulated genes were the chemokines CXCL1 (GRO1) and IL8,CXCR4, and other genes involved in the immune response (CCL8 [SCYA8], pentraxin 3 (PTX3), IL6, and interferon-regulated and -related genes) as well as TNFAIP6 (tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6) and metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP10, and MMP14). Among the downregulated genes were growth factors, e.g., IGF1, FGF1, TGFB1, and angiopoietin-1, and genes involved in Wnt signaling (WNT4 and FZD). Real-time RT-PCR and ELISAs, as well as immunohistochemical analysis of human placental bed specimens, confirmed these data for representative genes of both up- and downregulated groups. The data demonstrate a significant induction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as angiogenic/static factors in decidualized endometrial stromal cells in response to trophoblast-secreted products. The data suggest that the trophoblast acts to alter the local immune environment of the decidua to facilitate the process of implantation and ensure an enriched cytokine/chemokine environment while limiting the mitotic activity of the stromal cells during the invasive phase of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Hess
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0132, USA
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Rossi M, Sharkey AM, Viganò P, Fiore G, Furlong R, Florio P, Ambrosini G, Smith SK, Petraglia F. Identification of genes regulated by interleukin-1beta in human endometrial stromal cells. Reproduction 2006; 130:721-9. [PMID: 16264101 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) is an important immune regulatory factor that in human endometrium plays a role in both menstruation and implantation in the event of pregnancy. It promotes inflammatory-like processes and also stimulates tissue remodelling. We present a cDNA microarray study documenting the major effects of IL-1beta on gene expression in stromal cells from human endometrium. Endometrial stromal cells from five normal healthy women at the mid secretory phase were cultured with or without IL-1beta at 50 and 500 pg/ml for 48 h. cDNA microarrays were used to compare the levels of gene expression in total RNA isolated from cells stimulated with IL-1beta. These cDNA arrays were produced containing 15 164 sequence-verified clones, which included genes known to be important in angiogenesis, immune modulators, apoptosis, cell signalling, extra-cellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and cell cycle regulation. Genes which were regulated by IL-1beta were identified by analysis of the microarray data using the Significance Analysis of Microarrays software package. Upregulated (n = 23) and downregulated (n = 6) different genes were observed, which changed at least 3-fold, at a false discovery rate of less than 2% (P < 0.02). Our results have identified genes regulated by IL-1beta, which are involved in leukocyte recruitment, ECM remodelling and other cellular functions. Changes in three genes, IL-8, colony-stimulating factor 2 and aldoketo reductase family 1 member 1, which were upregulated by IL-1beta, were verified using real-time PCR. Novel functions regulated by IL-1beta in endometrium, including genes involved in free radical protection, and fatty acid metabolism were also identified. These results also provide new insights into the role of IL-1beta in disorders of the endometrium, especially in implantation-related infertility and endometriosis, in which this cytokine plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Italy
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Fukuda J, Nasu K, Sun B, Shang S, Kawano Y, Miyakawa I. Effects of leptin on the production of cytokines by cultured human endometrial stromal and epithelial cells. Fertil Steril 2003; 80 Suppl 2:783-7. [PMID: 14505754 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of leptin on the production of interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokines and chemokines by human endometrial stromal cells (ESC) and epithelial cells. DESIGN The effects of leptin on the production of IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), IL-8, growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3alpha by ESC and the endometrial epithelial cell line HHUA were investigated. SETTING Research laboratory at a medical university. PATIENT(S) Eight endometrial specimens in the late proliferative phase were used for the isolation of ESC. INTERVENTION(S) ESC and HHUA were incubated for 24 hours with recombinant human leptin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The concentration of IL-6, IL-11, LIF, IL-8, GRO-alpha, MCP-1, and MIP-3alpha were measured using ELISAs. RESULT(S) Unstimulated ESC and HHUA constitutively secreted IL-6, IL-11, LIF, IL-8, GRO-alpha, MCP-1, and MIP-3alpha. The increase in levels of IL-6, IL-8, GRO-alpha, MCP-1, and MIP-3alpha in the culture media of ESC and HHUA paralleled the addition of increasing amounts of leptin. In contrast, the levels of IL-11 and LIF were not affected by leptin administration. CONCLUSION(S) The present findings suggest that leptin may be an additional modulator of IL-6 and chemokine expression in the endometrium. Leptin may contribute to the normal and pathological processes of human reproduction by the regulation of these cytokines in the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita Medical University, Oita, Japan
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Fukuda J, Nasu K, Sun B, Mine S, Kawano Y, Miyakawa I. Expression of growth-regulated oncogene beta in an endometrial epithelial cell line, HHUA, and cultured human endometrial cells. J Reprod Immunol 2003; 59:61-70. [PMID: 12892904 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(02)00082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that human endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) and stromal cells (ESC) produce a variety of chemokines in vivo and in vitro. Growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)beta, which belongs to the CXC chemokine family, is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. To evaluate the regulation of GRO beta expression in the endometrium, the production of GRO beta by an EEC line, HHUA, and cultured ESC stimulated with various inflammatory mediators was examined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Unstimulated HHUA and ESC constitutively secreted GRO beta. Interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma significantly stimulated the expression of GRO beta by HHUA and ESC. Lipopolysaccharide also stimulated the expression of GRO beta by ESC, but not by HHUA. It is suggested that, in the human endometrium, the regulation of GRO beta expression is distinct from that of other CXC chemokines expressed in the endometrium, such as GRO alpha and interleukin-8. The modulation of the GRO beta concentration in the endometrium by inflammatory mediators may contribute to the normal and pathological processes of human reproduction by regulating the trafficking of neutrophils into the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita Medical University, Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Kitaya K, Nakayama T, Okubo T, Kuroboshi H, Fushiki S, Honjo H. Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta in human endometrium: its role in endometrial recruitment of natural killer cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:1809-14. [PMID: 12679478 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-020980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human endometrium is infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells throughout the menstrual cycle. The number of endometrial NK cells is low in the proliferative phase, but acutely increases after ovulation, and reaches a peak in the late secretory phase, suggesting that endometrium recruits these leukocytes selectively from circulating peripheral blood. We investigated the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, a potential chemoattractant for NK cells, in the endometrium. RT-PCR and ELISA revealed that MIP-1beta is expressed in the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle at both the message and protein levels. MIP-1beta expression is stronger in the secretory phase endometrium than in the proliferative phase endometrium. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MIP-1beta is localized in the surface epithelial cells, glandular epithelial cells, and perivascular stromal cells throughout the menstrual cycle. Stromal cells in a wider perivascular area became immunoreactive in the secretory phase. There was a strong correlation between the endometrial MIP-1beta concentration and the number of endometrial NK cells. Progesterone significantly induced MIP-1beta secretion from cultured endometrial stromal cells, whereas 17beta-estradiol had a weak effect. These results suggest that endometrial MIP-1beta may be involved in the recruitment of NK cells from circulating peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kitaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
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Nasu K, Fukuda J, Sun B, Nishida M, Miyakawa I. Interleukin-13 and tumor necrosis factor-beta differentially regulate the production of cytokines by cultured human endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2003; 79 Suppl 1:821-7. [PMID: 12620497 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of interleukin (IL)-13, a T-helper (Th)2 cytokine, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta, a Th1 cytokine, on the production of IL-6 family cytokines and chemokines by endometrial stromal cells (ESC). DESIGN The effects of IL-13 and TNF-beta, on the production of IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), IL-8, growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GROalpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and eotaxin were investigated. SETTING Research laboratory at a medical university. PATIENT(S) Thirteen endometrial specimens in the late proliferative phase were used. INTERVENTION(S) The ESC were incubated for 24 hours with recombinant human IL-13 and recombinant human TNF-beta. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The concentration of IL-6, IL-11, LIF, IL-8, GROalpha, MCP-1, RANTES, and eotaxin in the culture media was measured using ELISA. RESULT(S) The increase in levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and eotaxin in the culture media of ESC paralleled the addition of increasing amounts of IL-13 and TNF-beta, whereas the levels of IL-11 and LIF were decreased with increasing amounts of IL-13, but were increased with increasing amounts of TNF-beta. Tumor necrosis factor-beta enhanced the production of GROalpha and RANTES in dose-dependent manner; however, IL-13 did not affect the expression of GROalpha or RANTES. CONCLUSION(S) These results suggest that IL-13 and TNF-beta secreted in the cyclic endometrial tissue and in the decidua may differentially regulate the production of IL-6 family cytokines and chemokines by ESC. The controlled expression of these cytokines in the endometrium may contribute to the modulation of the immune reaction during the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy by the regulation of leukocyte trafficking and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaei Nasu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita Medical University, Oita, Japan.
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Mine S, Nasu K, Fukuda J, Sun B, Miyakawa I. Secretion of granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 by cultured human endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2003; 79:146-50. [PMID: 12524079 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2) in human endometrial stromal cells. DESIGN The effects of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF-beta, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the production of GCP-2 by endometrial stromal cells were investigated. SETTING Research laboratory at a medical university. PATIENT(S) Eight endometrial specimens in the late proliferative phase were used. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial stromal cells were incubated for 24 hours with IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IFN-gamma, and LPS.The concentration of GCP-2 in the culture media was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT(S) A small amount of GCP-2 was detected in the culture media of unstimulated endometrial stromal cells. The production of GCP-2 by endometrial stromal cells was stimulated with IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, and LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Interferon-gamma did not affect GCP-2 production by these cells. CONCLUSION(S) These results suggest that GCP-2 is an additional ELR(+)-CXC chemokine expressed in endometrial stromal cells. The modulation of GCP-2 concentrations in the local environment may contribute to the normal and pathological processes of human reproduction by regulating the neutrophil trafficking in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Mine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita Medical University, Oita, Japan
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