1
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Herbst J, Pang X, Roling L, Grimm B. A novel tetratricopeptide-repeat protein, TTP1, forms complexes with glutamyl-tRNA reductase and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase during tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2027-2045. [PMID: 38070484 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the tetrapyrrole end-products chlorophyll and heme depends on a multifaceted control mechanism that acts primarily at the post-translational level upon the rate-limiting step of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis and upon light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). These regulatory processes require auxiliary factors that modulate the activity, stability, complex formation, and subplastidal localization of the relevant proteins. Together, they ensure optimal metabolic flow during the day and at night. As an Arabidopsis homolog of the POR-interacting tetratricopeptide-repeat protein (Pitt) first reported in Synechocystis, we characterize tetrapyrrole biosynthesis-regulating tetratricopeptide-repeat protein1 (TTP1). TTP1 is a plastid-localized, membrane-bound factor that interacts with POR, the Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase CHL27, glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR), GluTR-binding protein, and FLUORESCENCE IN BLUE LIGHT. Lack of TTP1 leads to accumulation of GluTR, enhanced 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis and lower levels of POR. Knockout mutants show enhanced sensitivity to reactive oxygen species and a slower greening of etiolated seedlings. Based on our studies, the interaction of TTP1 with GluTR and POR does not directly inhibit their enzymatic activity and contribute to the control of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis. Instead, we propose that TTP1 sequesters a fraction of these proteins on the thylakoid membrane, and contributes to their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Herbst
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology-Plant Physiology, Philippstr. 13, Building 12, 10099 Berlin, Germany
- VIB-U Gent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaoqing Pang
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology-Plant Physiology, Philippstr. 13, Building 12, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Roling
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology-Plant Physiology, Philippstr. 13, Building 12, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology-Plant Physiology, Philippstr. 13, Building 12, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Zhang Y, Peng Y, Liu J, Yan J, Zhu K, Sun X, Bu X, Wang X, Ahammed GJ, Liu Y, Sun Z, Qi M, Wang F, Li T. Tetratricopeptide repeat protein SlREC2 positively regulates cold tolerance in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:648-665. [PMID: 36760172 PMCID: PMC10152682 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a key environmental constraint that dramatically affects the growth, productivity, and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified REDUCED CHLOROPLAST COVERAGE 2 (SlREC2) encoding a tetratricopeptide repeat protein that positively regulates tomato cold tolerance. Disruption of SlREC2 largely reduced abscisic acid (ABA) levels, photoprotection, and the expression of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF)-pathway genes in tomato plants under cold stress. ABA deficiency in the notabilis (not) mutant, which carries a mutation in 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 1 (SlNCED1), strongly inhibited the cold tolerance of SlREC2-silenced plants and empty vector control plants and resulted in a similar phenotype. In addition, foliar application of ABA rescued the cold tolerance of SlREC2-silenced plants, which confirms that SlNCED1-mediated ABA accumulation is required for SlREC2-regulated cold tolerance. Strikingly, SlREC2 physically interacted with β-RING CAROTENE HYDROXYLASE 1b (SlBCH1b), a key regulatory enzyme in the xanthophyll cycle. Disruption of SlBCH1b severely impaired photoprotection, ABA accumulation, and CBF-pathway gene expression in tomato plants under cold stress. Taken together, this study reveals that SlREC2 interacts with SlBCH1b to enhance cold tolerance in tomato via integration of SlNCED1-mediated ABA accumulation, photoprotection, and the CBF-pathway, thus providing further genetic knowledge for breeding cold-resistant tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinxia Peng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiarong Yan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Kangyou Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Bu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhouping Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
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3
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Jackson PJ, Hitchcock A, Brindley AA, Dickman MJ, Hunter CN. Absolute quantification of cellular levels of photosynthesis-related proteins in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:219-245. [PMID: 36542271 PMCID: PMC9958174 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying cellular components is a basic and important step for understanding how a cell works, how it responds to environmental changes, and for re-engineering cells to produce valuable metabolites and increased biomass. We quantified proteins in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 given the general importance of cyanobacteria for global photosynthesis, for synthetic biology and biotechnology research, and their ancestral relationship to the chloroplasts of plants. Four mass spectrometry methods were used to quantify cellular components involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid and bilin pigments, membrane assembly, the light reactions of photosynthesis, fixation of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and hydrogen and sulfur metabolism. Components of biosynthetic pathways, such as those for chlorophyll or for photosystem II assembly, range between 1000 and 10,000 copies per cell, but can be tenfold higher for CO2 fixation enzymes. The most abundant subunits are those for photosystem I, with around 100,000 copies per cell, approximately 2 to fivefold higher than for photosystem II and ATP synthase, and 5-20 fold more than for the cytochrome b6f complex. Disparities between numbers of pathway enzymes, between components of electron transfer chains, and between subunits within complexes indicate possible control points for biosynthetic processes, bioenergetic reactions and for the assembly of multisubunit complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Jackson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Amanda A Brindley
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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4
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Shi Y, Ke X, Yang X, Liu Y, Hou X. Plants response to light stress. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:735-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Ostermeier M, Heinz S, Hamm J, Zabret J, Rast A, Klingl A, Nowaczyk MM, Nickelsen J. Thylakoid attachment to the plasma membrane in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 requires the AncM protein. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:655-678. [PMID: 34665262 PMCID: PMC8846179 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids are the highly specialized internal membrane systems that harbor the photosynthetic electron transport machinery in cyanobacteria and in chloroplasts. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, thylakoid membranes (TMs) are arranged in peripheral sheets that occasionally converge on the plasma membrane (PM) to form thylakoid convergence membranes (TCMs). TCMs connect several thylakoid sheets and form local contact sites called thylapses between the two membrane systems, at which the early steps of photosystem II (PSII) assembly occur. The protein CurT is one of the main drivers of TCM formation known so far. Here, we identify, by whole-genome sequencing of a curT- suppressor strain, the protein anchor of convergence membranes (AncM) as a factor required for the attachment of thylakoids to the PM at thylapses. An ancM- mutant is shown to have a photosynthetic phenotype characterized by reductions in oxygen-evolution rate, PSII accumulation, and PS assembly. Moreover, the ancM- strain exhibits an altered thylakoid ultrastructure with additional sheets and TCMs detached from the PM. By combining biochemical studies with fluorescence and correlative light-electron microscopy-based approaches, we show that AncM is an integral membrane protein located in biogenic TCMs that form thylapses. These data suggest an antagonistic function of AncM and CurT in shaping TM ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ostermeier
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Steffen Heinz
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Julia Hamm
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Jure Zabret
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Anna Rast
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Department of Plant Development, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
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6
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Walworth NG, Lee MD, Dolzhenko E, Fu FX, Smith AD, Webb EA, Hutchins DA. Long-Term m5C Methylome Dynamics Parallel Phenotypic Adaptation in the Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:927-939. [PMID: 33022053 PMCID: PMC7947765 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in modern biology is understanding how the effects of short-term biological responses influence long-term evolutionary adaptation, defined as a genetically determined increase in fitness to novel environments. This is particularly important in globally important microbes experiencing rapid global change, due to their influence on food webs, biogeochemical cycles, and climate. Epigenetic modifications like methylation have been demonstrated to influence short-term plastic responses, which ultimately impact long-term adaptive responses to environmental change. However, there remains a paucity of empirical research examining long-term methylation dynamics during environmental adaptation in nonmodel, ecologically important microbes. Here, we show the first empirical evidence in a marine prokaryote for long-term m5C methylome modifications correlated with phenotypic adaptation to CO2, using a 7-year evolution experiment (1,000+ generations) with the biogeochemically important marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. We identify m5C methylated sites that rapidly changed in response to high (750 µatm) CO2 exposure and were maintained for at least 4.5 years of CO2 selection. After 7 years of CO2 selection, however, m5C methylation levels that initially responded to high-CO2 returned to ancestral, ambient CO2 levels. Concurrently, high-CO2 adapted growth and N2 fixation rates remained significantly higher than those of ambient CO2 adapted cell lines irrespective of CO2 concentration, a trend consistent with genetic assimilation theory. These data demonstrate the maintenance of CO2-responsive m5C methylation for 4.5 years alongside phenotypic adaptation before returning to ancestral methylation levels. These observations in a globally distributed marine prokaryote provide critical evolutionary insights into biogeochemically important traits under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Walworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Lee
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA
| | - Egor Dolzhenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fei-Xue Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Hutchins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Heyes DJ, Zhang S, Taylor A, Johannissen LO, Hardman SJO, Hay S, Scrutton NS. Photocatalysis as the 'master switch' of photomorphogenesis in early plant development. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:268-276. [PMID: 33686224 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic photocatalysis is seldom used in biology. Photocatalysis by light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR)-one of only a few natural light-dependent enzymes-is an exception, and is responsible for the conversion of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Photocatalysis by LPOR not only regulates the biosynthesis of the most abundant pigment on Earth but it is also a 'master switch' in photomorphogenesis in early plant development. Following illumination, LPOR promotes chlorophyll production, plastid membranes are transformed and the photosynthetic apparatus is established. Given these remarkable, light-induced pigment and morphological changes, the LPOR-catalysed reaction has been extensively studied from catalytic, physiological and plant development perspectives, highlighting vital, and multiple, cellular roles of this intriguing enzyme. Here, we offer a perspective in which the link between LPOR photocatalysis and plant photomorphogenesis is explored. Notable breakthroughs in LPOR structural biology have uncovered the structural-mechanistic basis of photocatalysis. These studies have clarified how photon absorption by the pigment protochlorophyllide-bound in a ternary LPOR-protochlorophyllide-NADPH complex-triggers photocatalysis and a cascade of complex molecular and cellular events that lead to plant morphological changes. Photocatalysis is therefore the master switch responsible for early-stage plant development and ultimately life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derren J Heyes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aoife Taylor
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Linus O Johannissen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samantha J O Hardman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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8
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Rao S, Balyan S, Jha S, Mathur S. Novel insights into expansion and functional diversification of MIR169 family in tomato. PLANTA 2020; 251:55. [PMID: 31974682 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Expansion of MIR169 members by duplication and new mature forms, acquisition of new promoters, differential precursor-miRNA processivity and engaging novel targets increase the functional diversification of MIR169 in tomato. MIR169 family is an evolutionarily conserved miRNA family in plants. A systematic in-depth analysis of MIR169 family in tomato is lacking. We report 18 miR169 precursors, annotating new loci for MIR169a, b and d, as well as 3 novel mature isoforms (MIR169f/g/h). The family has expanded by both tandem- and segmental-duplication events during evolution. A tandem-pair MIR169b/b-1 and MIR169b-2/h is polycistronic in nature coding for three MIR169b isoforms and a new variant miR169h, that is evidently absent in the wild relatives S. pennellii and S. pimpinellifolium. Seven novel miR169 targets including RNA-binding protein, protein-phosphatase, aminotransferase, chaperone, tetratricopeptide-repeat-protein, and transcription factors ARF-9B and SEPELLATA-3 were established by efficient target cleavage in the presence of specific precursors as well as increased target abundance upon miR169 chelation by short-tandem-target-mimic construct in transient assays. Comparative antagonistic expression profiles of MIR169:target pairs suggest MIR169 family as ubiquitous regulator of various abiotic stresses (heat, cold, dehydration and salt) and developmental pathways. This regulation is partly brought about by acquisition of new promoters as demonstrated by promoter MIR169:GUS reporter assays as well as differential processivity of different precursors and miRNA cleavage efficiencies. Thus, the current study augments the functional horizon of MIR169 family with applications for stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sombir Rao
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Sonia Balyan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Sarita Jha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Saloni Mathur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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9
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Strašková A, Steinbach G, Konert G, Kotabová E, Komenda J, Tichý M, Kaňa R. Pigment-protein complexes are organized into stable microdomains in cyanobacterial thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148053. [PMID: 31344362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids are the place of the light-photosynthetic reactions. To gain maximal efficiency, these reactions are conditional to proper pigment-pigment and protein-protein interactions. In higher plants thylakoids, the interactions lead to a lateral asymmetry in localization of protein complexes (i.e. granal/stromal thylakoids) that have been defined as a domain-like structures characteristic by different biochemical composition and function (Albertsson P-Å. 2001,Trends Plant Science 6: 349-354). We explored this complex organization of thylakoid pigment-proteins at single cell level in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our 3D confocal images captured heterogeneous distribution of all main photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes (PPCs), Photosystem I (fluorescently tagged by YFP), Photosystem II and Phycobilisomes. The acquired images depicted cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane as a stable, mosaic-like structure formed by microdomains (MDs). These microcompartments are of sub-micrometer in sizes (~0.5-1.5 μm), typical by particular PPCs ratios and importantly without full segregation of observed complexes. The most prevailing MD is represented by MD with high Photosystem I content which allows also partial separation of Photosystems like in higher plants thylakoids. We assume that MDs stability (in minutes) provides optimal conditions for efficient excitation/electron transfer. The cyanobacterial MDs thus define thylakoid membrane organization as a system controlled by co-localization of three main PPCs leading to formation of thylakoid membrane mosaic. This organization might represent evolutional and functional precursor for the granal/stromal spatial heterogeneity in photosystems that is typical for higher plant thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Strašková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Steinbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Konert
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - E Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - J Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - M Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - R Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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10
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Pazderník M, Mareš J, Pilný J, Sobotka R. The antenna-like domain of the cyanobacterial ferrochelatase can bind chlorophyll and carotenoids in an energy-dissipative configuration. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11131-11143. [PMID: 31167780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrochelatase (FeCh) is an essential enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of heme. Interestingly, in cyanobacteria, algae, and plants, FeCh possesses a conserved transmembrane chlorophyll a/b binding (CAB) domain that resembles the first and the third helix of light-harvesting complexes, including a chlorophyll-binding motif. Whether the FeCh CAB domain also binds chlorophyll is unknown. Here, using biochemical and radiolabeled precursor experiments, we found that partially inhibited activity of FeCh in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 leads to overproduction of chlorophyll molecules that accumulate in the thylakoid membrane and, together with carotenoids, bind to FeCh. We observed that pigments bound to purified FeCh are organized in an energy-dissipative conformation and further show that FeCh can exist in vivo as a monomer or a dimer depending on its own activity. However, pigmented FeCh was purified exclusively as a dimer. Separately expressed and purified FeCH CAB domain contained a pigment composition similar to that of full-length FeCh and retained its quenching properties. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the CAB domain was acquired by a fusion between FeCh and a single-helix, high light-inducible protein early in the evolution of cyanobacteria. Following this fusion, the FeCh CAB domain with a functional chlorophyll-binding motif was retained in all currently known cyanobacterial genomes except for a single lineage of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. Our findings indicate that FeCh from Synechocystis exists mostly as a pigment-free monomer in cells but can dimerize, in which case its CAB domain creates a functional pigment-binding segment organized in an energy-dissipating configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pazderník
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mareš
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pilný
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic .,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
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11
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Ma F, Hu Y, Ju Y, Jiang Q, Cheng Z, Zhang Q. A novel tetratricopeptide repeat protein, WHITE TO GREEN1, is required for early chloroplast development and affects RNA editing in chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5829-5843. [PMID: 29140512 PMCID: PMC5854136 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is essential for plant photosynthesis and production, but the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development is still elusive. Here, a novel gene, WHITE TO GREEN1 (WTG1), was identified to have a function in chloroplast development and plastid gene expression by screening Arabidopsis leaf coloration mutants. WTG1 encodes a chloroplast-localized tetratricopeptide repeat protein that is expressed widely in Arabidopsis cells. Disruption of WTG1 suppresses plant growth, retards leaf greening and chloroplast development, and represses photosynthetic gene expression, but complemented expression of WTG1 restored a normal phenotype. Moreover, WTG1 protein is associated with the organelle RNA editing factors MORF8 and MORF9, and RNA editing of the plastid petL-5 and ndhG-50 transcripts was affected in wtg1 mutants. These results indicate that WTG1 affects both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of plastid gene expression, and provide evidence for the involvement of a tetratricopeptide repeat protein in chloroplast RNA editing in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Yingchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Yan Ju
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Qianru Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, China
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12
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Bersanini L, Allahverdiyeva Y, Battchikova N, Heinz S, Lespinasse M, Ruohisto E, Mustila H, Nickelsen J, Vass I, Aro EM. Dissecting the Photoprotective Mechanism Encoded by the flv4-2 Operon: a Distinct Contribution of Sll0218 in Photosystem II Stabilization. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:378-389. [PMID: 27928824 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the flv4-2 operon encodes the flavodiiron proteins Flv2 and Flv4 together with a small protein, Sll0218, providing photoprotection for Photosystem II (PSII). Here, the distinct roles of Flv2/Flv4 and Sll0218 were addressed, using a number of flv4-2 operon mutants. In the ∆sll0218 mutant, the presence of Flv2/Flv4 rescued PSII functionality as compared with ∆sll0218-flv2, where neither Sll0218 nor the Flv2/Flv4 heterodimer are expressed. Nevertheless, both the ∆sll0218 and ∆sll0218-flv2 mutants demonstrated deficiency in accumulation of PSII proteins suggesting a role for Sll0218 in PSII stabilization, which was further supported by photoinhibition experiments. Moreover, the accumulation of PSII assembly intermediates occurred in Sll0218-lacking mutants. The YFP-tagged Sll0218 protein localized in a few spots per cell at the external side of the thylakoid membrane, and biochemical membrane fractionation revealed clear enrichment of Sll0218 in the PratA-defined membranes, where the early biogenesis steps of PSII occur. Further, the characteristic antenna uncoupling feature of the ∆flv4-2 operon mutants is shown to be related to PSII destabilization in the absence of Sll0218. It is concluded that the Flv2/Flv4 heterodimer supports PSII functionality, while the Sll0218 protein assists PSII assembly and stabilization, including optimization of light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bersanini
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Natalia Battchikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Steffen Heinz
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München, Biozentrum, Grosshaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maija Lespinasse
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Essi Ruohisto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna Mustila
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München, Biozentrum, Grosshaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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13
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Zhan J, Zhu X, Zhou W, Chen H, He C, Wang Q. Thf1 interacts with PS I and stabilizes the PS I complex in Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:738-751. [PMID: 27555564 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thylakoid formation1 protein (Thf1) is a multifunctional protein that is conserved in all photosynthetic organisms. In this study, we used the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 (hereafter Synechococcus) to show that the level of Thf1 is altered in response to various stress conditions. Although this protein has been reported to be involved in thylakoid formation, the thylakoid membrane in the thf1 deletion strain (ΔThf1) was not affected. Compared with the WT, ΔThf1 showed reduced PS II activity, with increased levels of D1 under high light (HL) conditions, which was resulted from blocked D1 degradation by the FtsH protease and thus inhibits PS II repair. PS I was found to be more seriously affected than PS II in ΔThf1, even under low light conditions, suggesting that PS I damage could be the primary effect of thf1 deletion in Synechococcus. Further analysis revealed that the ΔThf1 mutant had a lower PS I subunit content and lower PS I stability under HL conditions. Further sucrose gradient fractionation of the membrane protein complexes and crosslinking and immunoblot analysis indicated that Thf1 interacts with PS I. Together, our results reveal that Thf1 interacts with PS I and thereby stabilizes PS I in Synechococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Chenliu He
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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14
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Zhu Y, Liberton M, Pakrasi HB. A Novel Redoxin in the Thylakoid Membrane Regulates the Titer of Photosystem I. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18689-99. [PMID: 27382055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms like cyanobacteria and plants, the main engines of oxygenic photosynthesis are the pigment-protein complexes photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) located in the thylakoid membrane. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the slr1796 gene encodes a single cysteine thioredoxin-like protein, orthologs of which are found in multiple cyanobacterial strains as well as chloroplasts of higher plants. Targeted inactivation of slr1796 in Synechocystis 6803 resulted in compromised photoautotrophic growth. The mutant displayed decreased chlorophyll a content. These changes correlated with a decrease in the PSI titer of the mutant cells, whereas the PSII content was unaffected. In the mutant, the transcript levels of genes for PSI structural and accessory proteins remained unaffected, whereas the levels of PSI structural proteins were severely diminished, indicating that Slr1796 acts at a posttranscriptional level. Biochemical analysis indicated that Slr1796 is an integral thylakoid membrane protein. We conclude that Slr1796 is a novel regulatory factor that modulates PSI titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Zhu
- From the Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Michelle Liberton
- From the Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Himadri B Pakrasi
- From the Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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15
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Rast A, Rengstl B, Heinz S, Klingl A, Nickelsen J. The Role of Slr0151, a Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, during Photosystem II Assembly and Repair. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:605. [PMID: 27200072 PMCID: PMC4853703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The assembly and repair of photosystem II (PSII) is facilitated by a variety of assembly factors. Among those, the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein Slr0151 from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis) has previously been assigned a repair function under high light conditions (Yang et al., 2014). Here, we show that inactivation of slr0151 affects thylakoid membrane ultrastructure even under normal light conditions. Moreover, the level and localization of Slr0151 are affected in a variety of PSII-related mutants. In particular, the data suggest a close functional relationship between Slr0151 and Sll0933, which interacts with Ycf48 during PSII assembly and is homologous to PAM68 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a punctate distribution of Slr0151 within several different membrane types in Synechocystis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rast
- Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Birgit Rengstl
- Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steffen Heinz
- Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Pflanzliche Entwicklungsbiologie, Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
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16
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Wang P, Grimm B. Organization of chlorophyll biosynthesis and insertion of chlorophyll into the chlorophyll-binding proteins in chloroplasts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:189-202. [PMID: 25957270 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis requires chlorophyll (Chl) for the absorption of light energy, and charge separation in the reaction center of photosystem I and II, to feed electrons into the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. Chl is bound to different Chl-binding proteins assembled in the core complexes of the two photosystems and their peripheral light-harvesting antenna complexes. The structure of the photosynthetic protein complexes has been elucidated, but mechanisms of their biogenesis are in most instances unknown. These processes involve not only the assembly of interacting proteins, but also the functional integration of pigments and other cofactors. As a precondition for the association of Chl with the Chl-binding proteins in both photosystems, the synthesis of the apoproteins is synchronized with Chl biosynthesis. This review aims to summarize the present knowledge on the posttranslational organization of Chl biosynthesis and current attempts to envision the proceedings of the successive synthesis and integration of Chl into Chl-binding proteins in the thylakoid membrane. Potential auxiliary factors, contributing to the control and organization of Chl biosynthesis and the association of Chl with the Chl-binding proteins during their integration into photosynthetic complexes, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Heinz S, Liauw P, Nickelsen J, Nowaczyk M. Analysis of photosystem II biogenesis in cyanobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:274-87. [PMID: 26592144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), a large multisubunit membrane protein complex found in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria, algae and plants, catalyzes light-driven oxygen evolution from water and reduction of plastoquinone. Biogenesis of PSII requires coordinated assembly of at least 20 protein subunits, as well as incorporation of various organic and inorganic cofactors. The stepwise assembly process is facilitated by numerous protein factors that have been identified in recent years. Further analysis of this process requires the development or refinement of specific methods for the identification of novel assembly factors and, in particular, elucidation of the unique role of each. Here we summarize current knowledge of PSII biogenesis in cyanobacteria, focusing primarily on the impact of methodological advances and innovations. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organization and dynamics of bioenergetic systems in bacteria, edited by Conrad Mullineaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Heinz
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pasqual Liauw
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Marc Nowaczyk
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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18
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Jia T, Ito H, Hu X, Tanaka A. Accumulation of the NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 protein of the chlorophyll cycle requires chlorophyll b in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:586-596. [PMID: 25557327 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are interconverted in the chlorophyll cycle. The initial step in the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a is catalyzed by the chlorophyll b reductases NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 (NYC1) and NYC1-like (NOL), which convert chlorophyll b to 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a. This step is also the first stage in the degradation of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex (LHC). In this study, we examined the effect of chlorophyll b on the level of NYC1. NYC1 mRNA and NYC1 protein were in low abundance in green leaves, but their levels increased in response to dark-induced senescence. When the level of chlorophyll b was enhanced by the introduction of a truncated chlorophyllide a oxygenase gene and the leaves were incubated in the dark, the amount of NYC1 was greatly increased compared with that of the wild type; however, the amount of NYC1 mRNA was the same as in the wild type. In contrast, NYC1 did not accumulate in the mutant without chlorophyll b, even though the NYC1 mRNA level was high after incubation in the dark. Quantification of the LHC protein showed no strong correlation between the levels of NYC1 and LHC proteins. However, the level of chlorophyll fluorescence of the dark adapted plant (Fo ) was closely related to the accumulation of NYC1, suggesting that the NYC1 level is related to the energetically uncoupled LHC. These results and previous reports on the degradation of chlorophyllide a oxygenase suggest that the a feedforward and feedback network is included in chlorophyll cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jia
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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19
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Rast A, Heinz S, Nickelsen J. Biogenesis of thylakoid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:821-30. [PMID: 25615584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thylakoids mediate photosynthetic electron transfer and represent one of the most elaborate energy-transducing membrane systems. Despite our detailed knowledge of its structure and function, much remains to be learned about how the machinery is put together. The concerted synthesis and assembly of lipids, proteins and low-molecular-weight cofactors like pigments and transition metal ions require a high level of spatiotemporal coordination. While increasing numbers of assembly factors are being functionally characterized, the principles that govern how thylakoid membrane maturation is organized in space are just starting to emerge. In both cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, distinct production lines for the fabrication of photosynthetic complexes, in particular photosystem II, have been identified. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rast
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steffen Heinz
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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20
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Rühle T, Leister D. Photosystem II Assembly from Scratch. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1234. [PMID: 26793213 PMCID: PMC4709462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Rühle
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunich, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dario Leister
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21
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Yang H, Liao L, Bo T, Zhao L, Sun X, Lu X, Norling B, Huang F. Slr0151 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is required for efficient repair of photosystem II under high-light condition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:1136-50. [PMID: 25146729 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes that have adapted successfully to adverse environments including high-light irradiation. Although it is known that the repair of photodamaged photosystem II (PSII) in the organisms is a highly regulated process, our knowledge of the molecular components that regulate each step of the process is limited. We have previously identified a hypothetical protein Slr0151 in the membrane fractions of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Here, we report that Slr0151 is involved in PSII repair of the organism. We generated a mutant strain (Δslr0151) lacking the protein Slr0151 and analyzed its characteristics under normal and high-light conditions. Targeted deletion of slr0151 resulted in decreased PSII activity in Synechocystis. Moreover, the mutant exhibited increased photoinhibition due to impairment of PSII repair under high-light condition. Further analysis using in vivo radioactive labeling and 2-D blue native/sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the PSII repair cycle was hindered at the levels of D1 synthesis and disassembly and/or assembly of PSII in the mutant. Protein interaction assays demonstrated that Slr0151 interacts with D1 and CP43 proteins. Taken together, these results indicate that Slr0151 plays an important role in regulating PSII repair in the organism under high-light stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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22
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Bryan SJ, Burroughs NJ, Shevela D, Yu J, Rupprecht E, Liu LN, Mastroianni G, Xue Q, Llorente-Garcia I, Leake MC, Eichacker LA, Schneider D, Nixon PJ, Mullineaux CW. Localisation and interactions of the Vipp1 protein in cyanobacteria. Mol Microbiol 2014; 94:1179-1195. [PMID: 25308470 PMCID: PMC4297356 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Vipp1 protein is essential in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts for the maintenance of photosynthetic function and thylakoid membrane architecture. To investigate its mode of action we generated strains of the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 in which Vipp1 was tagged with green fluorescent protein at the C-terminus and expressed from the native chromosomal locus. There was little perturbation of function. Live-cell fluorescence imaging shows dramatic relocalisation of Vipp1 under high light. Under low light, Vipp1 is predominantly dispersed in the cytoplasm with occasional concentrations at the outer periphery of the thylakoid membranes. High light induces Vipp1 coalescence into localised puncta within minutes, with net relocation of Vipp1 to the vicinity of the cytoplasmic membrane and the thylakoid membranes. Pull-downs and mass spectrometry identify an extensive collection of proteins that are directly or indirectly associated with Vipp1 only after high-light exposure. These include not only photosynthetic and stress-related proteins but also RNA-processing, translation and protein assembly factors. This suggests that the Vipp1 puncta could be involved in protein assembly. One possibility is that Vipp1 is involved in the formation of stress-induced localised protein assembly centres, enabling enhanced protein synthesis and delivery to membranes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Bryan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonMile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Nigel J Burroughs
- Mathematics Institute and Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of WarwickCoventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dmitriy Shevela
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eva Rupprecht
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Albert-Ludwigs-UniversitätStefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonMile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Giulia Mastroianni
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonMile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Quan Xue
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of OxfordParks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Isabel Llorente-Garcia
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of OxfordParks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College LondonGower St., London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark C Leake
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), Departments of Physics and Biology, University of YorkYork, YO105DD, UK
| | - Lutz A Eichacker
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Albert-Ludwigs-UniversitätStefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Conrad W Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonMile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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23
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Mabbitt PD, Wilbanks SM, Eaton-Rye JJ. Structure and function of the hydrophilic Photosystem II assembly proteins: Psb27, Psb28 and Ycf48. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:96-107. [PMID: 24656878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) is a macromolecular complex responsible for light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone as part of the photosynthetic electron transport chain found in thylakoid membranes. Each PS II complex is composed of at least 20 protein subunits and over 80 cofactors. The biogenesis of PS II requires further hydrophilic and membrane-spanning proteins which are not part of the active holoenzyme. Many of these biogenesis proteins make transient interactions with specific PS II assembly intermediates: sometimes these are essential for biogenesis while in other examples they are required for optimizing assembly of the mature complex. In this review the function and structure of the Psb27, Psb28 and Ycf48 hydrophilic assembly factors is discussed by combining structural, biochemical and physiological information. Each of these assembly factors has homologues in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. We provide a simple overview for the roles of these protein factors in cyanobacterial PS II assembly emphasizing their participation in both photosystem biogenesis and recovery from photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Mabbitt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sigurd M Wilbanks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julian J Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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24
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Abstract
In this review, we consider a selection of recent advances in chloroplast biology. These include new findings concerning chloroplast evolution, such as the identification of Chlamydiae as a third partner in primary endosymbiosis, a second instance of primary endosymbiosis represented by the chromatophores found in amoebae of the genus Paulinella, and a new explanation for the longevity of captured chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) in sacoglossan sea slugs. The controversy surrounding the three-dimensional structure of grana, its recent resolution by tomographic analyses, and the role of the CURVATURE THYLAKOID1 (CURT1) proteins in supporting grana formation are also discussed. We also present an updated inventory of photosynthetic proteins and the factors involved in the assembly of thylakoid multiprotein complexes, and evaluate findings that reveal that cyclic electron flow involves NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH)- and PGRL1/PGR5-dependent pathways, both of which receive electrons from ferredoxin. Other topics covered in this review include new protein components of nucleoids, an updated inventory of the chloroplast proteome, new enzymes in chlorophyll biosynthesis and new candidate messengers in retrograde signaling. Finally, we discuss the first successful synthetic biology approaches that resulted in chloroplasts in which electrons from the photosynthetic light reactions are fed to enzymes derived from secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Dario Leister
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichGroßhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany
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Chidgey JW, Linhartová M, Komenda J, Jackson PJ, Dickman MJ, Canniffe DP, Koník P, Pilný J, Hunter CN, Sobotka R. A cyanobacterial chlorophyll synthase-HliD complex associates with the Ycf39 protein and the YidC/Alb3 insertase. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1267-79. [PMID: 24681617 PMCID: PMC4001383 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.124495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular membrane assemblies of chlorophyll-protein complexes efficiently harvest and trap light energy for photosynthesis. To investigate the delivery of chlorophylls to the newly synthesized photosystem apoproteins, a terminal enzyme of chlorophyll biosynthesis, chlorophyll synthase (ChlG), was tagged in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) and used as bait in pull-down experiments. We retrieved an enzymatically active complex comprising ChlG and the high-light-inducible protein HliD, which associates with the Ycf39 protein, a putative assembly factor for photosystem II, and with the YidC/Alb3 insertase. 2D electrophoresis and immunoblotting also provided evidence for the presence of SecY and ribosome subunits. The isolated complex contained chlorophyll, chlorophyllide, and carotenoid pigments. Deletion of hliD elevated the level of the ChlG substrate, chlorophyllide, more than 6-fold; HliD is apparently required for assembly of FLAG-ChlG into larger complexes with other proteins such as Ycf39. These data reveal a link between chlorophyll biosynthesis and the Sec/YidC-dependent cotranslational insertion of nascent photosystem polypeptides into membranes. We expect that this close physical linkage coordinates the arrival of pigments and nascent apoproteins to produce photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes with minimal risk of accumulating phototoxic unbound chlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W. Chidgey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Markéta Linhartová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J. Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Dickman
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. Canniffe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Koník
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pilný
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - C. Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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26
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Heinnickel ML, Grossman AR. The GreenCut: re-evaluation of physiological role of previously studied proteins and potential novel protein functions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:427-36. [PMID: 23873414 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on comparative genomics, a list of proteins present in the green algal, flowering and nonflowering plant lineages, but not detected in nonphotosynthetic organisms, was assembled (Merchant et al., Science 318:245-250, 2007; Karpowicz et al., J Biol Chem 286:21427-21439, 2011). This protein grouping, previously designated the GreenCut, was established using stringent comparative genomic criteria; they are those Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins with orthologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Physcomitrella patens, Oryza sativa, Populus tricocarpa and at least one of the three Ostreococcus species with fully sequenced genomes, but not in bacteria, yeast, fungi or mammals. Many GreenCut proteins are also present in red algae and diatoms and a subset of 189 have been identified as encoded on nearly all cyanobacterial genomes. Of the current GreenCut proteins (597 in total), approximately half have been studied previously. The functions or activities of a number of these proteins have been deduced from phenotypic analyses of mutants (defective for genes encoding specific GreenCut proteins) of A. thaliana, and in many cases the assigned functions do not exist in C. reinhardtii. Therefore, precise physiological functions of several previously studied GreenCut proteins are still not clear. The GreenCut also contains a number of proteins with certain conserved domains. Three of the most highly conserved domains are the FK506 binding, cyclophilin and PAP fibrillin domains; most members of these gene families are not well characterized. In general, our analysis of the GreenCut indicates that many processes critical to green lineage organisms remain unstudied or poorly characterized. We have begun to examine the functions of some GreenCut proteins in detail. For example, our work on the CPLD38 protein has demonstrated that it has an essential role in photosynthetic function and the stability of the cytochrome b 6 f complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Heinnickel
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institute for Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, USA,
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27
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Rengstl B, Knoppová J, Komenda J, Nickelsen J. Characterization of a Synechocystis double mutant lacking the photosystem II assembly factors YCF48 and Sll0933. PLANTA 2013; 237:471-80. [PMID: 22847023 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The de novo assembly of photosystem II (PSII) depends on a variety of assisting factors. We have previously shown that two of them, namely, YCF48 and Sll0933, mutually interact and form a complex (Rengstl et al. in J Biol Chem 286:21944-21951, 2011). To gain further insights into the importance of the YCF48/Sll0933 interaction, an ycf48 ( - ) sll0933 ( - ) double mutant was constructed and its phenotype was compared with the single mutants' phenotypes. Analysis of fluorescence spectra and oxygen evolution revealed high-light sensitivity not only for YCF48 deficient strains but also for sll0933 ( - ), which, in addition, showed reduced synthesis and accumulation of newly synthesized CP43 and CP47 proteins in pulse-labeling experiments. In general, the phenotypic characteristics of ycf48 ( - ) sll0933 ( - ) were dominated by the effect of the ycf48 deletion and additional inactivation of the sll0933 gene showed only negligible additional impairments with regard to growth, absorption spectra and accumulation of PSII-related proteins and assembly complexes. In yeast split-ubiquitin analyses, the interaction between YCF48 and Sll0933 was confirmed and, furthermore, support for direct binding of Sll0933 to CP43 and CP47 was obtained. Our data provide important new information which further refines our knowledge about the PSII assembly process and role of accessory protein factors within it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Rengstl
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Strasse 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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28
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Wunder T, Xu W, Liu Q, Wanner G, Leister D, Pribil M. The major thylakoid protein kinases STN7 and STN8 revisited: effects of altered STN8 levels and regulatory specificities of the STN kinases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:417. [PMID: 24151498 PMCID: PMC3801152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid phosphorylation is predominantly mediated by the protein kinases STN7 and STN8. While STN7 primarily catalyzes LHCII phosphorylation, which enables LHCII to migrate from photosystem (PS) II to PSI, STN8 mainly phosphorylates PSII core proteins. The reversible phosphorylation of PSII core proteins is thought to regulate the PSII repair cycle and PSII supercomplex stability, and play a role in modulating the folding of thylakoid membranes. Earlier studies clearly demonstrated a considerable substrate overlap between the two STN kinases, raising the possibility of a balanced interdependence between them at either the protein or activity level. Here, we show that such an interdependence of the STN kinases on protein level does not seem to exist as neither knock-out nor overexpression of STN7 or STN8 affects accumulation of the other. STN7 and STN8 are both shown to be integral thylakoid proteins that form part of molecular supercomplexes, but exhibit different spatial distributions and are subject to different modes of regulation. Evidence is presented for the existence of a second redox-sensitive motif in STN7, which seems to be targeted by thioredoxin f. Effects of altered STN8 levels on PSII core phosphorylation, supercomplex formation, photosynthetic performance and thylakoid ultrastructure were analyzed in Arabidopsis thaliana using STN8-overexpressing plants (oeSTN8). In general, oeSTN8 plants were less sensitive to intense light and exhibited changes in thylakoid ultrastructure, with grana stacks containing more layers and reduced amounts of PSII supercomplexes. Hence, we conclude that STN8 acts in an amount-dependent manner similar to what was shown for STN7 in previous studies. However, the modes of regulation of the STN kinases appear to differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wunder
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wenteng Xu
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Qiuping Liu
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Ultrastrukturforschung, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
- PhotoLab Trentino - a Joint Initiative of the University of Trento (Centre for Integrative Biology) and the Edmund Mach Foundation (Research and Innovation Centre)San Michele all'Adige (Trento), Italy
- *Correspondence: Dario Leister, Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany e-mail:
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Nickelsen J, Zerges W. Thylakoid biogenesis has joined the new era of bacterial cell biology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:458. [PMID: 24312109 PMCID: PMC3826073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Nickelsen
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Ludwig-Maximillians-UniversityPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
- *Correspondence: ;
| | - William Zerges
- Biology Department, Concordia UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: ;
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30
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Nickelsen J, Rengstl B. Photosystem II assembly: from cyanobacteria to plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 64:609-35. [PMID: 23451783 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is an integral-membrane, multisubunit complex that initiates electron flow in oxygenic photosynthesis. The biogenesis of this complex machine involves the concerted assembly of at least 20 different polypeptides as well as the incorporation of a variety of inorganic and organic cofactors. Many factors have recently been identified that constitute an integrative network mediating the stepwise assembly of PSII components. One recurring theme is the subcellular organization of the assembly process in specialized membranes that form distinct biogenesis centers. Here, we review our current knowledge of the molecular components and events involved in PSII assembly and their high degree of evolutionary conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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31
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Komenda J, Sobotka R, Nixon PJ. Assembling and maintaining the Photosystem II complex in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:245-51. [PMID: 22386092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants, algae and cyanobacteria grow because of their ability to use sunlight to extract electrons from water. This vital reaction is catalysed by the Photosystem II (PSII) complex, a large multi-subunit pigment-protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Recent results show that assembly of PSII occurs in a step-wise fashion in defined regions of the membrane system, involves conserved auxiliary factors and is closely coupled to chlorophyll biosynthesis. PSII is also repaired following damage by light. FtsH proteases play an important role in selectively removing damaged proteins from the complex, both in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, whilst undamaged subunits and pigments are recycled. The chloroplastic Deg proteases play a supplementary role in PSII repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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32
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Rengstl B, Oster U, Stengel A, Nickelsen J. An intermediate membrane subfraction in cyanobacteria is involved in an assembly network for Photosystem II biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:21944-51. [PMID: 21531723 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.237867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Early steps in the biogenesis of Photosystem II (PSII) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 are thought to occur in a specialized membrane fraction that is characterized by the specific accumulation of the PSII assembly factor PratA and its interaction partner pD1, the precursor of the D1 protein of PSII. Here, we report the molecular characterization of this membrane fraction, called the PratA-defined membrane (PDM), with regard to its lipid and pigment composition and its association with PSII assembly factors, including YCF48, Slr1471, Sll0933, and Pitt. We demonstrate that YCF48 and Slr1471 are present and that the chlorophyll precursor chlorophyllide a accumulates in the PDM. Analysis of PDMs from various mutant lines suggests a central role for PratA in the spatial organization of PSII biogenesis. Moreover, quantitative immunoblot analyses revealed a network of interdependences between several PSII assembly factors and chlorophyll synthesis. In addition, formation of complexes containing both YCF48 and Sll0933 was substantiated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The findings are integrated into a refined model for PSII biogenesis in Synechocystis 6803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Rengstl
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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33
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Boehm M, Romero E, Reisinger V, Yu J, Komenda J, Eichacker LA, Dekker JP, Nixon PJ. Investigating the early stages of photosystem II assembly in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: isolation of CP47 and CP43 complexes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14812-9. [PMID: 21339295 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.207944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical characterization of intermediates involved in the assembly of the oxygen-evolving Photosystem II (PSII) complex is hampered by their low abundance in the membrane. Using the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we describe here the isolation of the CP47 and CP43 subunits, which, during biogenesis, attach to a reaction center assembly complex containing D1, D2, and cytochrome b(559), with CP47 binding first. Our experimental approach involved a combination of His tagging, the use of a D1 deletion mutant that blocks PSII assembly at an early stage, and, in the case of CP47, the additional inactivation of the FtsH2 protease involved in degrading unassembled PSII proteins. Absorption spectroscopy and pigment analyses revealed that both CP47-His and CP43-His bind chlorophyll a and β-carotene. A comparison of the low temperature absorption and fluorescence spectra in the Q(Y) region for CP47-His and CP43-His with those for CP47 and CP43 isolated by fragmentation of spinach PSII core complexes confirmed that the spectroscopic properties are similar but not identical. The measured fluorescence quantum yield was generally lower for the proteins isolated from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and a 1-3-nm blue shift and a 2-nm red shift of the 77 K emission maximum could be observed for CP47-His and CP43-His, respectively. Immunoblotting and mass spectrometry revealed the co-purification of PsbH, PsbL, and PsbT with CP47-His and of PsbK and Psb30/Ycf12 with CP43-His. Overall, our data support the view that CP47 and CP43 form preassembled pigment-protein complexes in vivo before their incorporation into the PSII complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Boehm
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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34
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Armbruster U, Zühlke J, Rengstl B, Kreller R, Makarenko E, Rühle T, Schünemann D, Jahns P, Weisshaar B, Nickelsen J, Leister D. The Arabidopsis thylakoid protein PAM68 is required for efficient D1 biogenesis and photosystem II assembly. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:3439-60. [PMID: 20923938 PMCID: PMC2990134 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.077453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multiprotein complex that functions as a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase in photosynthesis. Assembly of PSII proceeds through a number of distinct intermediate states and requires auxiliary proteins. The photosynthesis affected mutant 68 (pam68) of Arabidopsis thaliana displays drastically altered chlorophyll fluorescence and abnormally low levels of the PSII core subunits D1, D2, CP43, and CP47. We show that these phenotypes result from a specific decrease in the stability and maturation of D1. This is associated with a marked increase in the synthesis of RC (the PSII reaction center-like assembly complex) at the expense of PSII dimers and supercomplexes. PAM68 is a conserved integral membrane protein found in cyanobacterial and eukaryotic thylakoids and interacts in split-ubiquitin assays with several PSII core proteins and known PSII assembly factors. Biochemical analyses of thylakoids from Arabidopsis and Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 suggest that, during PSII assembly, PAM68 proteins associate with an early intermediate complex that might contain D1 and the assembly factor LPA1. Inactivation of cyanobacterial PAM68 destabilizes RC but does not affect larger PSII assembly complexes. Our data imply that PAM68 proteins promote early steps in PSII biogenesis in cyanobacteria and plants, but their inactivation is differently compensated for in the two classes of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Armbruster
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jessica Zühlke
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Birgit Rengstl
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Renate Kreller
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elina Makarenko
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thilo Rühle
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Danja Schünemann
- AG Molekularbiologie Pflanzlicher Organellen, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- Lehrstuhl für Genomforschung, Fakultät für Biology, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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35
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Nickelsen J, Rengstl B, Stengel A, Schottkowski M, Soll J, Ankele E. Biogenesis of the cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane system--an update. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 315:1-5. [PMID: 20831593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current molecular analyses suggest that initial steps of the biogenesis of cyanobacterial photosystems progress in a membrane subfraction representing a biosynthetic center with contact to both plasma and thylakoid membranes. This special membrane fraction is defined by the presence of the photosystem II assembly factor PratA. The proposed model suggests that both biogenesis of protein complexes and insertion of chlorophyll molecules into the photosystems occur in this intermediate membrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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