1
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Chen S, Wang Y, Cui T, Zheng Y, Zhang F, Ma Q, Zhang C, Liu X. Characterization of three non-canonical N-glycosylation motifs indicates N glyco-A reduces DNA N6-methyladenine and N glyco-D alters G/F actin ratio in Phytophthora sojae. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133943. [PMID: 39025174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Asparagine (Asn, N)-linked glycosylation is an abundant post-translational modification in which Asn, typically in Nglyco-X-S/T; X ≠ P motifs, are modified with N-glycans. It has essential regulatory roles in multicellular organisms. In this study, we systematically investigate the function of three N-glycosylation motifs (Nglyco-A, Nglyco-D and Nglyco-S) previously identified in Phytophthora sojae, through site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays. In P. sojae expressing glycosylation-dead variants pre-PsDMAP1N70A (Nglyco-A motif) or PsADFN64A (Nglyco-D motif), zoospore release or cyst germination is impaired. In particular, the pre-PsDMAP1N70A mutant reduces DNA methylation levels, and the PsADFN64A mutant disrupts the actin forms, which could explain the decrease in pathogenicity after N-glycosylation is destroyed. Similarly, P. sojae expressing PsNRXN132A (Nglyco-S motif) shows increased sensitivity to H2O2 and heat. Through autophagy or 26S proteasome pathway inhibition assays, we found that unglycosylated pre-PsDMAP1N70A and PsADFN64A are degraded via the 26S proteasome pathway, while the autophagy pathway is responsible for PsNRXN132A clearance. These findings demonstrate that glycosylation of these motifs regulates the stability and function of glycoproteins necessary for P. sojae growth, reproduction and pathogenicity, which expands the scope of known N-glycosylation regulatory functions in oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuke Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongshan Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Quanhe Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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2
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Jiménez A, López-Martínez R, Martí MC, Cano-Yelo D, Sevilla F. The integration of TRX/GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in plant stress and development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108298. [PMID: 38176187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant acclimation to changing environmental conditions involves the interaction of different signalling molecules, including reactive oxygen species and hormones. Redox regulation exerted by thioredoxin (TRX) and glutaredoxin (GRX), two oxidoreductases, is emerging as a specific point of control mediating signal transduction pathways associated with plant growth and stress response. Phytohormones are messengers that coordinate plant cell activities to regulate growth, defence, and productivity, although their cross-talk with components of the redox system is less known. The present review focuses on our current knowledge of the interplay that occurs between TRX and GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in connection with the control of plant development and stress responses. Here, we consider the regulation that phytohormones exert on TRX and GRX systems, as well as the involvement of these redox proteins in the control of phytohormone-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raquel López-Martínez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Desiré Cano-Yelo
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Yao Y, Xiang D, Wu N, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Ye Y, Hu D, Zheng C, Yan Y, Lv Q, Li X, Chen G, Hu H, Xiong H, Peng S, Xiong L. Control of rice ratooning ability by a nucleoredoxin that inhibits histidine kinase dimerization to attenuate cytokinin signaling in axillary buds. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1911-1926. [PMID: 37853691 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice ratooning, the fast outgrowth of dormant buds on stubble, is an important cropping practice in rice production. However, the low ratooning ability (RA) of most rice varieties restricts the application of this cost-efficient system, and the genetic basis of RA remains unknown. In this study, we dissected the genetic architecture of RA by a genome-wide association study in a natural rice population. Rice ratooning ability 3 (RRA3), encoding a hitherto not characterized nucleoredoxin involved in reduction of disulfide bonds, was identified as the causal gene of a major locus controlling RA. Overexpression of RRA3 in rice significantly accelerated leaf senescence and reduced RA, whereas knockout of RRA3 significantly delayed leaf senescence and increased RA and ratoon yield. We demonstrated that RRA3 interacts with Oryza sativa histidine kinase 4 (OHK4), a cytokinin receptor, and inhibits the dimerization of OHK4 through disulfide bond reduction. This inhibition ultimately led to decreased cytokinin signaling and reduced RA. In addition, variations in the RRA3 promoter were identified to be associated with RA. Introgression of a superior haplotype with weak expression of RRA3 into the elite rice variety Guichao 2 significantly increased RA and ratoon yield by 23.8%. Collectively, this study not only uncovers an undocumented regulatory mechanism of cytokinin signaling through de-dimerization of a histidine kinase receptor-but also provides an eximious gene with promising value for ratoon rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Denghao Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nai Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingya Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoxing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Lindbäck LN, Ji Y, Cervela-Cardona L, Jin X, Pedmale UV, Strand Å. An interplay between bZIP16, bZIP68, and GBF1 regulates nuclear photosynthetic genes during photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1082-1096. [PMID: 37602940 PMCID: PMC10592178 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of a seedling into a photosynthetically active plant is a crucial process. Despite its importance, we do not fully understand the regulatory mechanisms behind the establishment of functional chloroplasts. We herein provide new insight into the early light response by identifying the function of three basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors: bZIP16, bZIP68, and GBF1. These proteins are involved in the regulation of key components required for the establishment of photosynthetically active chloroplasts. The activity of these bZIPs is dependent on the redox status of a conserved cysteine residue, which provides a mechanism to finetune light-responsive gene expression. The blue light cryptochrome (CRY) photoreceptors provide one of the major light-signaling pathways, and bZIP target genes overlap with one-third of CRY-regulated genes with an enrichment for photosynthesis/chloroplast-associated genes. bZIP16, bZIP68, and GBF1 were demonstrated as novel interaction partners of CRY1. The interaction between CRY1 and bZIP16 was stimulated by blue light. Furthermore, we demonstrate a genetic link between the bZIP proteins and cryptochromes as the cry1cry2 mutant is epistatic to the cry1cry2bzip16bzip68gbf1 mutant. bZIP16, bZIP68, and GBF1 regulate a subset of photosynthesis associated genes in response to blue light critical for a proper greening process in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Norén Lindbäck
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yan Ji
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Luis Cervela-Cardona
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xu Jin
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ullas V. Pedmale
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Bodnar Y, Gellert M, Hossain FM, Lillig CH. Breakdown of Arabidopsis thaliana thioredoxins and glutaredoxins based on electrostatic similarity-Leads to common and unique interaction partners and functions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291272. [PMID: 37695767 PMCID: PMC10495010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible reduction and oxidation of protein thiols was first described as mechanism to control light/dark-dependent metabolic regulation in photosynthetic organisms. Today, it is recognized as an essential mechanism of regulation and signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. Proteins of the thioredoxin (Trx) family, Trxs and glutaredoxins (Grxs) in particular, catalyze thiol-disulfide exchange reactions and are vital players in the operation of thiol switches. Various Trx and Grx isoforms are present in all compartments of the cell. These proteins have a rather broad but at the same time distinct substrate specificity. Understanding the molecular basis of their target specificity is central to the understanding of physiological and pathological redox signaling. Electrostatic complementarity of the redoxins with their target proteins has been proposed as a major reason. Here, we analyzed the electrostatic similarity of all Arabidopsis thaliana Trxs, Grxs, and proteins containing such domains. Clustering of the redoxins based on this comparison suggests overlapping and also distant target specificities and thus functions of the different sub-classes including all Trx isoforms as well as the three classes of Grxs, i.e. CxxC-, CGFS-, and CC-type Grxs. Our analysis also provides a rationale for the tuned substrate specificities of both the ferredoxin- and NADPH-dependent Trx reductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Bodnar
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Faruq Mohammed Hossain
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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6
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Cha JY, Uddin S, Macoy DM, Shin GI, Jeong SY, Ali I, Hwang JW, Ji MG, Lee SC, Park JH, Sultana M, Ryu GR, Ahn G, Lee SY, Kim MG, Kim WY. Nucleoredoxin gene SINRX1 negatively regulates tomato immunity by activating SA signaling pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107804. [PMID: 37269823 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is widely consumed globally and renowned for its health benefits, including the reduction of cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer risk. However, tomato production faces significant challenges, particularly due to various biotic stresses such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. To address this challenges, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to modify the tomato NUCLEOREDOXIN (SlNRX) genes (SlNRX1 and SlNRX2) belonging to the nucleocytoplasmic THIOREDOXIN subfamily. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutations in SlNRX1 (slnrx1) plants exhibited resistance against bacterial leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326, as well as the fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. However, the slnrx2 plants did not display resistance. Notably, the slnrx1 demonstrated elevated levels of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) and reduced levels of jasmonic acid after Psm infection, in comparison to both wild-type (WT) and slnrx2 plants. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis revealed that genes involved in SA biosynthesis, such as ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (SlICS1) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 5 (SlEDS5), were upregulated in slnrx1 compared to WT plants. In addition, a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 (PR1), exhibited increased expression in slnrx1 compared to WT. These findings suggest that SlNRX1 acts as a negative regulator of plant immunity, facilitating infection by the Psm pathogen through interference with the phytohormone SA signaling pathway. Thus, targeted mutagenesis of SlNRX1 is a promising genetic means to enhance biotic stress resistance in crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Donah Mary Macoy
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Imdad Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Ji
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Marium Sultana
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Ryul Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), PMBBRC, RILS, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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7
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De Brasi-Velasco S, Sánchez-Guerrero A, Castillo MC, Vertommen D, León J, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Thioredoxin TRXo1 is involved in ABA perception via PYR1 redox regulation. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102750. [PMID: 37269685 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a fundamental role in plant growth and development processes such as seed germination, stomatal response or adaptation to stress, amongst others. Increases in the endogenous ABA content is recognized by specific receptors of the PYR/PYL/RCAR family that are coupled to a phosphorylation cascade targeting transcription factors and ion channels. Just like other receptors of the family, nuclear receptor PYR1 binds ABA and inhibits the activity of type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs), thus avoiding the phosphatase-exerted inhibition on SnRK2 kinases, positive regulators which phosphorylate targets and trigger ABA signalling. Thioredoxins (TRXs) are key components of cellular redox homeostasis that regulate specific target proteins through a thiol-disulfide exchange, playing an essential role in redox homeostasis, cell survival, and growth. In higher plants, TRXs have been found in almost all cellular compartments, although its presence and role in nucleus has been less studied. In this work, affinity chromatography, Dot-blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays allowed us to identify PYR1 as a new TRXo1 target in the nucleus. Studies on recombinant HisAtPYR1 oxidation-reduction with wild type and site-specific mutagenized forms showed that the receptor underwent redox regulation involving changes in the oligomeric state in which Cys30 and Cys65 residues were implied. TRXo1 was able to reduce previously-oxidized inactive PYR1, thus recovering its capacity to inhibit HAB1 phosphatase. In vivo PYR1 oligomerization was dependent on the redox state, and a differential pattern was detected in KO and over-expressing Attrxo1 mutant plants grown in the presence of ABA compared to WT plants. Thus, our findings suggest the existence of a redox regulation of TRXo1 on PYR1 that may be relevant for ABA signalling and had not been described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mari-Cruz Castillo
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP CSIC-UPV), E-46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute and MASSPROT Platform UCLouvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - José León
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP CSIC-UPV), E-46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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8
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Cha JY, Ahn G, Jeong SY, Shin GI, Ali I, Ji MG, Alimzhan A, Lee SY, Kim MG, Kim WY. Nucleoredoxin 1 positively regulates heat stress tolerance by enhancing the transcription of antioxidants and heat-shock proteins in tomato. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Minguillón S, Matamoros MA, Duanmu D, Becana M. Signaling by reactive molecules and antioxidants in legume nodules. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:815-832. [PMID: 35975700 PMCID: PMC9826421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodules are symbiotic structures formed as a result of the interaction with rhizobia. Nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that is assimilated by the plant and this process requires strict metabolic regulation and signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved as signal molecules at all stages of symbiosis, from rhizobial infection to nodule senescence. Also, reactive sulfur species (RSS) are emerging as important signals for an efficient symbiosis. Homeostasis of reactive molecules is mainly accomplished by antioxidant enzymes and metabolites and is essential to allow redox signaling while preventing oxidative damage. Here, we examine the metabolic pathways of reactive molecules and antioxidants with an emphasis on their functions in signaling and protection of symbiosis. In addition to providing an update of recent findings while paying tribute to original studies, we identify several key questions. These include the need of new methodologies to detect and quantify ROS, RNS, and RSS, avoiding potential artifacts due to their short lifetimes and tissue manipulation; the regulation of redox-active proteins by post-translational modification; the production and exchange of reactive molecules in plastids, peroxisomes, nuclei, and bacteroids; and the unknown but expected crosstalk between ROS, RNS, and RSS in nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Minguillón
- Departamento de BiologíaVegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasApartado 1303450080ZaragozaSpain
| | - Manuel A. Matamoros
- Departamento de BiologíaVegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasApartado 1303450080ZaragozaSpain
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de BiologíaVegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasApartado 1303450080ZaragozaSpain
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10
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Zhang S, Yu Y, Song T, Zhang M, Li N, Yu M, Zhou H, Yang Y, Guo S, Xu C, Tu Y, Xiang J, Zhang X. Genome-wide identification of foxtail millet's TRX family and a functional analysis of SiNRX1 in response to drought and salt stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:946037. [PMID: 36226299 PMCID: PMC9549295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.946037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are small-molecule proteins with redox activity that play very important roles in the growth, development, and stress resistance of plants. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) gradually became a model crop for stress resistance research because of its advantages such as its resistance to sterility and its small genome. To date, the thioredoxin (TRX) family has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and wheat. However, studies of the TRX family in foxtail millet have not been reported, and the biological function of this family remains unclear. In this study, 35 SiTRX genes were identified in the whole genome of foxtail millet through bioinformatic analysis. According to phylogenetic analysis, 35 SiTRXs can be divided into 13 types. The chromosome distribution, gene structure, cis-elements and conserved protein motifs of 35 SiTRXs were characterized. Three nucleoredoxin (NRX) members were further identified by a structural analysis of TRX family members. The expression patterns of foxtail millet's SiNRX members under abiotic stresses showed that they have different stress-response patterns. In addition, subcellular localization revealed that SiNRXs were localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm and membrane. Further studies demonstrated that the overexpression of SiNRX1 enhanced Arabidopsis' tolerance to drought and salt stresses, resulting in a higher survival rate and better growth performance. Moreover, the expression levels of several known stress-related genes were generally higher in overexpressed lines than in the wild-type. Thus, this study provides a general picture of the TRX family in foxtail millet and lay a foundation for further research on the mechanism of the action of TRX proteins on abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection and Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Nan Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection and Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Ming Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanning Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Sihai Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chunhong Xu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongle Tu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jishan Xiang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection and Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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11
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Reactive oxygen species signalling in plant stress responses. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:663-679. [PMID: 35760900 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 222.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling molecules that enable cells to rapidly respond to different stimuli. In plants, ROS play a crucial role in abiotic and biotic stress sensing, integration of different environmental signals and activation of stress-response networks, thus contributing to the establishment of defence mechanisms and plant resilience. Recent advances in the study of ROS signalling in plants include the identification of ROS receptors and key regulatory hubs that connect ROS signalling with other important stress-response signal transduction pathways and hormones, as well as new roles for ROS in organelle-to-organelle and cell-to-cell signalling. Our understanding of how ROS are regulated in cells by balancing production, scavenging and transport has also increased. In this Review, we discuss these promising developments and how they might be used to increase plant resilience to environmental stress.
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12
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Idelfonso-García OG, Alarcón-Sánchez BR, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Villa-Treviño S, Muriel P, Serrano H, Pérez-Carreón JI, Arellanes-Robledo J. Is Nucleoredoxin a Master Regulator of Cellular Redox Homeostasis? Its Implication in Different Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040670. [PMID: 35453355 PMCID: PMC9030443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin (NXN), an oxidoreductase enzyme, contributes to cellular redox homeostasis by regulating different signaling pathways in a redox-dependent manner. By interacting with seven proteins so far, namely disheveled (DVL), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), translocation protein SEC63 homolog (SEC63), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MYD88), flightless-I (FLII), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II type alpha (CAMK2A), NXN is involved in the regulation of several key cellular processes, including proliferation, organogenesis, cell cycle progression, glycolysis, innate immunity and inflammation, motility, contraction, protein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum, neuronal plasticity, among others; as a result, NXN has been implicated in different pathologies, such as cancer, alcoholic and polycystic liver disease, liver fibrogenesis, obesity, Robinow syndrome, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinitis pigmentosa. Together, this evidence places NXN as a strong candidate to be a master redox regulator of cell physiology and as the hub of different redox-sensitive signaling pathways and associated pathologies. This review summarizes and discusses the current insights on NXN-dependent redox regulation and its implication in different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osiris Germán Idelfonso-García
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Brisa Rodope Alarcón-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute–CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, ‘Benito Juárez’ Autonomous University of Oaxaca–UABJO, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (V.R.V.-G.); (R.B.-H.)
- Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology–CONACYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, ‘Benito Juárez’ Autonomous University of Oaxaca–UABJO, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (V.R.V.-G.); (R.B.-H.)
- Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology–CONACYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute–CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute–CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Héctor Serrano
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Julio Isael Pérez-Carreón
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
- Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology–CONACYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5350-1900 (ext. 1218)
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13
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Signaling at Physical Barriers during Pollen-Pistil Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212230. [PMID: 34830110 PMCID: PMC8622735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, double fertilization requires pollen tubes to transport non-motile sperm to distant egg cells housed in a specialized female structure known as the pistil, mediating the ultimate fusion between male and female gametes. During this journey, the pollen tube encounters numerous physical barriers that must be mechanically circumvented, including the penetration of the stigmatic papillae, style, transmitting tract, and synergid cells as well as the ultimate fusion of sperm cells to the egg or central cell. Additionally, the pollen tube must maintain structural integrity in these compact environments, while responding to positional guidance cues that lead the pollen tube to its destination. Here, we discuss the nature of these physical barriers as well as efforts to genetically and cellularly identify the factors that allow pollen tubes to successfully, specifically, and quickly circumnavigate them.
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14
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Chibani K, Pucker B, Dietz KJ, Cavanagh A. Genome-wide analysis and transcriptional regulation of the typical and atypical thioredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2715-2730. [PMID: 34561866 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs), a large subclass of ubiquitous oxidoreductases, are involved in thiol redox regulation. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of TRXs in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, revealing 41 genes encoding 18 typical and 23 atypical TRXs, and 6 genes encoding thioredoxin reductases (TRs). The high number of atypical TRXs indicates special functions in plants that mostly await elucidation. We identified an atypical class of thioredoxins called TRX-c in the genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Localized to the chloroplast, TRX-c displays atypical CPLC, CHLC and CNLC motifs in the active sites. In silico analysis of the transcriptional regulations of TRXs revealed high expression of TRX-c in leaves and strong regulation under cold, osmotic, salinity and metal ion stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chibani
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Boas Pucker
- Department of Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Amanda Cavanagh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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15
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Cheng J, Wei F, Zhang M, Li N, Song T, Wang Y, Chen D, Xiang J, Zhang X. Identification of a 193 bp promoter region of TaNRX1-D gene from common wheat that contributes to osmotic or ABA stress inducibility in transgenic Arabidopsis. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1035-1048. [PMID: 34143419 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cloning and characterizing the drought-inducible promoters is essential for their use in crop resistance's genetic improvement. Previous studies have shown that the TaNRX1-D gene participates in regulating the response of wheat to drought stress. However, its promoter has not yet been identified. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to characterize the promoter of the TaNRX1-D gene. METHODS The promoter of TaNRX1-D (named P0, 2081 bp) was isolated from common wheat with several cis-acting elements that regulate in response to abiotic stresses and some core cis-acting elements. Functional verification of the promoter, eight 5'-deletion fragments of TaNRX1-D promoter, was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene P0::GUS ~ P7::GUS and transformed into Arabidopsis, respectively. Agrobacterium-mediated GUS transient assay the P6a and P6b promoter regions in tobacco leaves under normal, osmotic or ABA stress. RESULTS Activity analysis of the full-length promoter (P0) showed that the intensity of stronger β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining in the roots and leaves was obtained during the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis. P0::GUS displayed the GUS activity was much higher in the roots and leaves than in other parts of the transgenic plant under normal conditions, which was similarly within wheat. Analysis of the 5'-deletion fragments revealed that P0::GUS ~ P6::GUS responded well upon exposure to osmotic (polyethylene glycol-6000, PEG6000) and abscisic acid (ABA) stress treatments and expressed significantly higher GUS activity than the CaMV35S promoter (35S::GUS), while P7::GUS did not. GUS transient assay in tobacco leaves showed that the GUS activities of P6a and P6b were lower than P6 in the PEG6000 and ABA stresses. CONCLUSION The 193 bp (P6) segment was considered the core region of TaNRX1-D responding to PEG6000 or ABA treatment. GUS activity assay in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that this segment was sufficient for the PEG6000 or ABA stress response. The identified 193 bp promoter of TaNRX1-D in this study will help breed osmotic or ABA tolerant crops. The 36 bp segment between P6 and P6b (-193 to -157 bp) was considered the critical sequence for the TaNRX1-D gene responding to PEG6000 or ABA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Wei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chi Feng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Nan Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chi Feng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- The Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Jishan Xiang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chi Feng University, Chifeng, China.
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Bleau JR, Spoel SH. Selective redox signaling shapes plant-pathogen interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:53-65. [PMID: 33793940 PMCID: PMC8154045 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A review of recent progress in understanding the mechanisms whereby plants utilize selective and reversible redox signaling to establish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade R Bleau
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- Author for communication:
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17
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Selinski J, Scheibe R. Central Metabolism in Mammals and Plants as a Hub for Controlling Cell Fate. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1025-1047. [PMID: 32620064 PMCID: PMC8060724 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The importance of oxidoreductases in energy metabolism together with the occurrence of enzymes of central metabolism in the nucleus gave rise to the active research field aiming to understand moonlighting enzymes that undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs) before carrying out new tasks. Recent Advances: Cytosolic enzymes were shown to induce gene transcription after PTM and concomitant translocation to the nucleus. Changed properties of the oxidized forms of cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and also malate dehydrogenases and others, are the basis for a hypothesis suggesting moonlighting functions that directly link energy metabolism to adaptive responses required for maintenance of redox-homeostasis in all eukaryotes. Critical Issues: Small molecules, such as metabolic intermediates, coenzymes, or reduced glutathione, were shown to fine-tune the redox switches, interlinking redox state, metabolism, and induction of new functions via nuclear gene expression. The cytosol with its metabolic enzymes connecting energy fluxes between the various cell compartments can be seen as a hub for redox signaling, integrating the different signals for graded and directed responses in stressful situations. Future Directions: Enzymes of central metabolism were shown to interact with p53 or the assumed plant homologue suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1), an NAM, ATAF, and CUC transcription factor involved in the stress response upon ultraviolet exposure. Metabolic enzymes serve as sensors for imbalances, their inhibition leading to changed energy metabolism, and the adoption of transcriptional coactivator activities. Depending on the intensity of the impact, rerouting of energy metabolism, proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, immune responses, or cell death will be induced. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1025-1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrueck, Germany
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18
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Shi B, Zhao X, Li M, Dong Z, Yang Q, Wang Y, Gao H, Day B, Ma Q. Wheat Thioredoxin ( TaTrxh1) Associates With RD19-Like Cysteine Protease TaCP1 to Defend Against Stripe Rust Fungus Through Modulation of Programmed Cell Death. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:426-438. [PMID: 33297713 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-20-0304-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) function within the antioxidant network through modulation of one or more redox reactions involved in oxidative-stress signaling. Given their function in regulating cellular redox, Trx proteins also fulfill key roles in plant immune signaling. Here, TaTrxh1, encoding a subgroup h member of the Trx family, was identified and cloned in wheat (Triticum aestivum), which was rapidly induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici invasion and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. Overexpression of TaTrxh1 in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) induced programmed cell death. Silencing of TaTrxh1 in wheat enhanced susceptibility to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in different aspects, including reactive oxygen species accumulation and pathogen-responsive or -related gene expression. Herein, we observed that the cellular concentration of SA was significantly reduced in TaTrxh1-silenced plants, indicating that TaTrxh1 possibly regulates wheat resistance to stripe rust through a SA-associated defense signaling pathway. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify TaTrxh1-interacting partners, we further show that interaction with TaCP1 (a RD19-like cysteine protease) and subsequent silencing of TaCP1 reduced wheat resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. In total, the data presented herein demonstrate that TaTrxh1 enhances wheat resistance against P. striiformis f. sp. tritici via SA-dependent resistance signaling and that TaTrxh1 interaction with TaCP1 is required for wheat resistance to stripe rust.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinbei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zihui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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19
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Deschoenmaeker F, Mihara S, Niwa T, Taguchi H, Wakabayashi KI, Toyoshima M, Shimizu H, Hisabori T. Thioredoxin pathway in anabaena sp. PCC 7120: activity of NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C. J Biochem 2021; 169:709-719. [PMID: 33537746 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the physiological role of NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) in cyanobacteria, we investigated an NTRC-deficient mutant strain of Anabaena sp., PCC 7120, cultivated under different regimes of nitrogen supplementation and light exposure. The deletion of ntrC did not induce a change in the cell structure and metabolic pathways. However, time-dependent changes in the abundance of specific proteins and metabolites were observed. A decrease in chlorophyll a was correlated with a decrease in chlorophyll a biosynthesis enzymes and PSI subunits. The deletion of ntrC led to a deregulation of nitrogen metabolism, including the NtcA accumulation and heterocyst-specific proteins while nitrate ions were available in the culture medium. Interestingly, this deletion resulted in a redox imbalance, indicated by higher peroxide levels, higher catalase activity, and the induction of chaperones such as MsrA. Surprisingly, the antioxidant protein 2-Cys Prx was down-regulated. The deficiency in ntrC also resulted in the accumulation of metabolites such as 6-phosphogluconate, ADP, and ATP. Higher levels of NADP+ and NADPH partly correlated with higher G6PDH activity. Rather than impacting protein expression levels, NTRC appears to be involved in the direct regulation of enzymes, especially during the dark to light transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Deschoenmaeker
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shoko Mihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-S2-19, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-S2-19, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toyoshima
- Department of Bioinformatic Engeneering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engeneering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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20
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Decreased Levels of Thioredoxin o1 Influences Stomatal Development and Aperture but Not Photosynthesis under Non-Stress and Saline Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031063. [PMID: 33494429 PMCID: PMC7865980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity has a negative impact on plant growth, with photosynthesis being downregulated partially due to osmotic effect and enhanced cellular oxidation. Redox signaling contributes to the plant response playing thioredoxins (TRXs) a central role. In this work we explore the potential contribution of Arabidopsis TRXo1 to the photosynthetic response under salinity analyzing Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) and two Attrxo1 mutant lines in their growth under short photoperiod and higher light intensity than previous reported works. Stomatal development and apertures and the antioxidant, hormonal and metabolic acclimation are also analyzed. In control conditions mutant plants displayed less and larger developed stomata and higher pore size which could underlie their higher stomatal conductance, without being affected in other photosynthetic parameters. Under salinity, all genotypes displayed a general decrease in photosynthesis and the oxidative status in the Attrxo1 mutant lines was altered, with higher levels of H2O2 and NO but also higher ascorbate/glutathione (ASC/GSH) redox states than WT plants. Finally, sugar changes and increases in abscisic acid (ABA) and NO may be involved in the observed higher stomatal response of the TRXo1-altered plants. Therefore, the lack of AtTRXo1 affected stomata development and opening and the mutants modulate their antioxidant, metabolic and hormonal responses to optimize their adaptation to salinity.
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21
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Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wei F, Song T, Yu Y, Yu M, Fan Q, Yang Y, Xue G, Zhang X. Nucleoredoxin Gene TaNRX1 Positively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:756338. [PMID: 34868149 PMCID: PMC8632643 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.756338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the main abiotic stress factor limiting the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Therefore, improving wheat tolerance to drought stress is essential for maintaining yield. Previous studies have reported on the important role of TaNRX1 in conferring drought stress tolerance. Therefore, to elucidate the regulation mechanism by which TaNRX1 confers drought resistance in wheat, we generated TaNRX1 overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) wheat lines. The results showed that the tolerance of the OE lines to drought stress were significantly enhanced. The survival rate, leaf chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar content, and activities of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase) of the OE lines were higher than those of the wild type (WT); however, the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion levels of the OE lines were lower than those of the WT; the RNAi lines showed the opposite results. RNA-seq results showed that the common differentially expressed genes of TaNRX1 OE and RNAi lines, before and after drought stress, were mainly distributed in the plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropane biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carbon metabolism pathways and were related to the transcription factors, including WRKY, MYB, and bHLH families. This study suggests that TaNRX1 positively regulates drought stress tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianfei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fan Wei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ming Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qiru Fan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanning Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Gang Xue
- College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Xue,
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Xiaoke Zhang,
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22
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Kang CH, Park JH, Lee ES, Paeng SK, Chae HB, Hong JC, Lee SY. Redox-Dependent Structural Modification of Nucleoredoxin Triggers Defense Responses against Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239196. [PMID: 33276577 PMCID: PMC7730559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, thioredoxin (TRX) family proteins participate in various biological processes by regulating the oxidative stress response. However, their role in phytohormone signaling remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the functions of TRX proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments revealed that the expression of ARABIDOPSIS NUCLEOREDOXIN 1 (AtNRX1) is specifically induced by the application of jasmonic acid (JA) and upon inoculation with a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Alternaria brassicicola. The AtNRX1 protein usually exists as a low molecular weight (LMW) monomer and functions as a reductase, but under oxidative stress AtNRX1 transforms into polymeric forms. However, the AtNRX1M3 mutant protein, harboring four cysteine-to-serine substitutions in the TRX domain, did not show structural modification under oxidative stress. The Arabidopsisatnrx1 null mutant showed greater resistance to A. brassicicola than wild-type plants. In addition, plants overexpressing both AtNRX1 and AtNRX1M3 were susceptible to A. brassicicola infection. Together, these findings suggest that AtNRX1 normally suppresses the expression of defense-responsive genes, as if it were a safety pin, but functions as a molecular sensor through its redox-dependent structural modification to induce disease resistance in plants.
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23
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Investigation of genes associated with petal variations between diploid and autotetraploid in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) by RNA-seq and sRNA-seq. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:1459-1476. [PMID: 32683543 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy promotes morphological, physiological, and reproductive diversity in plants. The imminent effect of chromosome doubling in plants is the enlargement of organs such as flowers and fruits, which increases the commercial value of crops. Flowering plays a vital role in the growth and development of angiosperms. Here, we prepared an isolated microspore culture of 'FT', a doubled haploid (DH) line of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), and obtained diploid and autotetraploid plants with the same genetic background. Compared with diploids, the autotetraploids were characterized by large floral organs, dark petals, delayed flowering, and reduced fertility. The indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels in autotetraploid petals were significantly higher and the abscisic acid (ABA) level was significantly lower than those in the diploid petals. The lutein level in autotetraploid petals was nearly two times higher than that in the diploid petals. A comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 14,412 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the diploids and autotetraploids, and they were enriched in 117 Gene Ontology terms and 110 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. We detected 231 DEGs related to phytohormone signal transduction and 29 DEGs involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. An miRNA-target mRNA analysis showed that 32 DEGs regulated by 16 DEMs were associated with flowering timing (BraA03000336, BraA09004319, and BraA09000515), petal development (BraA05002408, BraA01004006, BraA09004069, and BraA04000966), flower opening (BraA07000350), and pollen development (BraA01000720, BraA09005727, and BraA01000253). This study provides information to help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic variations induced by autopolyploidy in Chinese cabbage.
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24
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Abstract
Rising CO2 concentrations and their effects on plant productivity present challenging issues. Effects on the photosynthesis/photorespiration balance and changes in primary metabolism are known, caused by the competitive interaction of CO2 and O2 at the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. However, impacts on stress resistance are less clear. Reactive oxygen species are key players in biotic and abiotic stress responses, but there is no consensus on whether elevated CO2 constitutes a stress. Although high CO2 increases yield in C3 plants, it can also increase cellular oxidation and activate phytohormone defense pathways. Reduction-oxidation processes play key roles in acclimation to high CO2, with specific enzymes acting in compartment-specific signaling. Traditionally, acclimation to high CO2 has been considered in terms of altered carbon gain, but emerging evidence suggests that CO2 is a signal as well as a substrate. Some CO2 effects on defense are likely mediated independently of primary metabolism. Nonetheless, primary photosynthetic metabolism is highly integrated with defense and stress signaling pathways, meaning that plants will be able to acclimate to the changing environment over the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
| | - Graham Noctor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France;
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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25
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Marty L, Bausewein D, Müller C, Bangash SAK, Moseler A, Schwarzländer M, Müller-Schüssele SJ, Zechmann B, Riondet C, Balk J, Wirtz M, Hell R, Reichheld JP, Meyer AJ. Arabidopsis glutathione reductase 2 is indispensable in plastids, while mitochondrial glutathione is safeguarded by additional reduction and transport systems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:1569-1584. [PMID: 31372999 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A highly negative glutathione redox potential (EGSH ) is maintained in the cytosol, plastids and mitochondria of plant cells to support fundamental processes, including antioxidant defence, redox regulation and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Out of two glutathione reductase (GR) proteins in Arabidopsis, GR2 is predicted to be dual-targeted to plastids and mitochondria, but its differential roles in these organelles remain unclear. We dissected the role of GR2 in organelle glutathione redox homeostasis and plant development using a combination of genetic complementation and stacked mutants, biochemical activity studies, immunogold labelling and in vivo biosensing. Our data demonstrate that GR2 is dual-targeted to plastids and mitochondria, but embryo lethality of gr2 null mutants is caused specifically in plastids. Whereas lack of mitochondrial GR2 leads to a partially oxidised glutathione pool in the matrix, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ATM3 and the mitochondrial thioredoxin system provide functional backup and maintain plant viability. We identify GR2 as essential in the plastid stroma, where it counters GSSG accumulation and developmental arrest. By contrast a functional triad of GR2, ATM3 and the thioredoxin system in the mitochondria provides resilience to excessive glutathione oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Marty
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 360, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Bausewein
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 360, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christopher Müller
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 360, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sajid Ali Khan Bangash
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Moseler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Müller-Schüssele
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center of Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97046, Waco, TX, 76798-7046, USA
| | - Christophe Riondet
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan, Via Domitia, F-66860, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Janneke Balk
- John Innes Centre and University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 360, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 360, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan, Via Domitia, F-66860, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Zaffagnini M, Fermani S, Marchand CH, Costa A, Sparla F, Rouhier N, Geigenberger P, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Redox Homeostasis in Photosynthetic Organisms: Novel and Established Thiol-Based Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:155-210. [PMID: 30499304 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox homeostasis consists of an intricate network of reactions in which reactive molecular species, redox modifications, and redox proteins act in concert to allow both physiological responses and adaptation to stress conditions. Recent Advances: This review highlights established and novel thiol-based regulatory pathways underlying the functional facets and significance of redox biology in photosynthetic organisms. In the last decades, the field of redox regulation has largely expanded and this work is aimed at giving the right credit to the importance of thiol-based regulatory and signaling mechanisms in plants. Critical Issues: This cannot be all-encompassing, but is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the structural/molecular mechanisms governing the most relevant thiol switching modifications with emphasis on the large genetic and functional diversity of redox controllers (i.e., redoxins). We also summarize the different proteomic-based approaches aimed at investigating the dynamics of redox modifications and the recent evidence that extends the possibility to monitor the cellular redox state in vivo. The physiological relevance of redox transitions is discussed based on reverse genetic studies confirming the importance of redox homeostasis in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Future Directions: In conclusion, we can firmly assume that redox biology has acquired an established significance that virtually infiltrates all aspects of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- 2 Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alex Costa
- 4 Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Peter Geigenberger
- 6 Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biozentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Trost
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Deschoenmaeker FDR, Mihara S, Niwa T, Taguchi H, Nomata J, Wakabayashi KI, Hisabori T. Disruption of the Gene trx-m1 Impedes the Growth of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 under Nitrogen Starvation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1504-1513. [PMID: 31038682 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria possess a sophisticated photosynthesis-based metabolism with admirable plasticity. This plasticity is possible via the deep regulation network, the thiol-redox regulations operated by thioredoxin (hereafter, Trx). In this context, we characterized the Trx-m1-deficient mutant strain of Anabaena sp., PCC 7120 (shortly named A.7120), cultivated under nitrogen limitation. Trx-m1 appears to coordinate the nitrogen response and its absence induces large changes in the proteome. Our data clearly indicate that Trx-m1 is crucial for the diazotrophic growth of A.7120. The lack of Trx-m1 resulted in a large differentiation of heterocysts (>20% of total cells), which were barely functional probably due to a weak expression of nitrogenase. In addition, heterocysts of the mutant strain did not display the usual cellular structure of nitrogen-fixative cells. This unveiled why the mutant strain was not able to grow under nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frï Dï Ric Deschoenmaeker
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoko Mihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, 4259-S2-19 Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, 4259-S2-19 Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jiro Nomata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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28
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Da Fonseca-Pereira P, Daloso DM, Gago J, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. On the role of the plant mitochondrial thioredoxin system during abiotic stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1592536. [PMID: 30885041 PMCID: PMC6546141 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1592536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-disulfide redox exchanges are widely distributed modifications of great importance for metabolic regulation in living cells. In general, the formation of disulfide bonds is controlled by thioredoxins (TRXs), ubiquitous proteins with two redox-active cysteine residues separated by a pair of amino acids. While the function of plastidial TRXs has been extensively studied, the role of the mitochondrial TRX system is much less well understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that the mitochondrial TRXs are required for the proper functioning of the major metabolic pathways, including stomatal function and antioxidant metabolism under sub-optimal conditions including drought and salinity. Furthermore, inactivation of mitochondrial TRX system leads to metabolite adjustments of both primary and secondary metabolism following drought episodes in arabidopsis, and makes the plants more resistant to salt stress. Here we discuss the implications of these findings, which clearly open up several research avenues to achieve a full understanding of the redox control of metabolism under environmental constraining conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Da Fonseca-Pereira
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo M. Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Departament de Biologia, University of the Balearic Islands, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Institute of Agro-Environmental and Water Economy Research – INAGEA Carretera de Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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29
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Alloing G, Mandon K, Boncompagni E, Montrichard F, Frendo P. Involvement of Glutaredoxin and Thioredoxin Systems in the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis between Legumes and Rhizobia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E182. [PMID: 30563061 PMCID: PMC6315971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leguminous plants can form a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria, during which plants provide bacteria with carbohydrates and an environment appropriate to their metabolism, in return for fixed atmospheric nitrogen. The symbiotic interaction leads to the formation of a new organ, the root nodule, where a coordinated differentiation of plant cells and bacteria occurs. The establishment and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis involves a redox control important for both the plant-bacteria crosstalk and the regulation of nodule metabolism. In this review, we discuss the involvement of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in the two symbiotic partners during symbiosis. The crucial role of glutathione in redox balance and S-metabolism is presented. We also highlight the specific role of some thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in bacterial differentiation. Transcriptomics data concerning genes encoding components and targets of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in connection with the developmental step of the nodule are also considered in the model system Medicago truncatula⁻Sinorhizobium meliloti.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Françoise Montrichard
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé CEDEX, France.
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30
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Deschoenmaeker F, Mihara S, Niwa T, Taguchi H, Wakabayashi KI, Hisabori T. The Absence of Thioredoxin m1 and Thioredoxin C in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 Leads to Oxidative Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2432-2441. [PMID: 30101290 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins perform redox regulation in cells, and they are involved in several other biological processes (e.g. oxidative stress tolerance). In the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 (A. 7120), eight Trx isoforms have been identified via genomic analysis. Among these Trx isoforms, the absence of Trx-m1 and TrxC appears to result in oxidative stress in A. 7120 together with alterations of the thylakoid membrane structure and phycobiliprotein composition. To analyze the physiological changes in these Trx disruptants thoroughly, quantitative proteomics was applied. Certainly, the mutants exhibited similar alterations in the proteome including decreased relative abundance of phycobiliproteins and an increased level of proteins involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Nevertheless, the results also indicated that the mutants exhibited changes in the relative abundance of different sets of proteins participating in reactive oxygen species detoxification, such as Fe-SOD in Δtrx-m1 and PrxQ in ΔtrxC, suggesting distinct functions of Trx-m1 and TrxC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Deschoenmaeker
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoko Mihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-S2-19, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-S2-19, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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31
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Niu Y, Chen P, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Hu S, Jin G, Tang C, Guo L. Natural variation among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions in tolerance to high magnesium supply. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13640. [PMID: 30206317 PMCID: PMC6134027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High magnesium (Mg2+) in some extreme serpentine soils or semi-arid regions is an important factor affecting crop growth and development. Specific loci that form the genetic framework underlying high Mg2+ homeostasis, however, are not well understood. By using GWA mapping on 388 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana selected from a worldwide collection and genotyped at approximately 250,00 SNPs, we successfully identified 109 and 74 putative genetic regions associated in nutrient traits under normal (1,000 µM) and high Mg2+ (10,000 µM), respectively. Above 90% SNPs associated with nutrients including Mg2+ and only two SNPs shared between normal and high Mg2+. A single strong peak of SNPs associated with Ca concentration corresponding to candidate gene At1g60420 ARABIDOPSIS NUCLEOREDOXIN (AtNRX1) under high Mg2+ was further determined. Compared with wildtype, mutants of Atnrx1-1 and Atnrx1-2 supplied with high Mg2+ had higher Ca concentrations in the plant, and higher cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations during root elongation, as well as higher fresh weight and lateral-root number. This suggests that AtNRX1 was a critical gene negatively regulating Ca uptake under high Mg2+ conditions. The discovery could help to breed/select crops that can adapt to high-Mg2+ soils such as serpentine soils (high ratio of Mg2+: Ca2+) or Mars soil with high levels of magnesium sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Gulei Jin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Vic, 3086, Australia
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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32
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by metabolic pathways in almost all cells. As signaling components, ROS are best known for their roles in abiotic and biotic stress-related events. However, recent studies have revealed that they are also involved in numerous processes throughout the plant life cycle, from seed development and germination, through to root, shoot and flower development. Here, we provide an overview of ROS production and signaling in the context of plant growth and development, highlighting the key functions of ROS and their interactions with plant phytohormonal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Mhamdi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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33
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Noctor G, Reichheld JP, Foyer CH. ROS-related redox regulation and signaling in plants. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 80:3-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Martins L, Trujillo-Hernandez JA, Reichheld JP. Thiol Based Redox Signaling in Plant Nucleus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:705. [PMID: 29892308 PMCID: PMC5985474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-described by-products of cellular metabolic activities, acting as signaling molecules and regulating the redox state of proteins. Solvent exposed thiol residues like cysteines are particularly sensitive to oxidation and their redox state affects structural and biochemical capacities of many proteins. While thiol redox regulation has been largely studied in several cell compartments like in the plant chloroplast, little is known about redox sensitive proteins in the nucleus. Recent works have revealed that proteins with oxidizable thiols are important for the regulation of many nuclear functions, including gene expression, transcription, epigenetics, and chromatin remodeling. Moreover, thiol reducing molecules like glutathione and specific isoforms of thiols reductases, thioredoxins and glutaredoxins were found in different nuclear subcompartments, further supporting that thiol-dependent systems are active in the nucleus. This mini-review aims to discuss recent progress in plant thiol redox field, taking examples of redox regulated nuclear proteins and focusing on major thiol redox systems acting in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martins
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Perpignan, France
| | - José Abraham Trujillo-Hernandez
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Perpignan, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Perpignan, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Philippe Reichheld,
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Biochemistry and Physiology of Reactive Oxygen Species in Euglena. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 979:47-64. [PMID: 28429317 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54910-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are by-products of various metabolic processes in aerobic organisms including Euglena. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the main sites of ROS generation by photosynthesis and respiration, respectively, through the active electron transport chain. An efficient antioxidant network is required to maintain intracellular ROS pools at optimal conditions for redox homeostasis. A comparison with the networks of plants and animals revealed that Euglena has acquired some aspects of ROS metabolic process. Euglena lacks catalase and a typical selenocysteine containing animal-type glutathione peroxidase for hydrogen peroxide scavenging, but contains enzymes involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycle solely in the cytosol. Ascorbate peroxidase in Euglena, which plays a central role in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, forms a unique intra-molecular dimer structure that is related to the recognition of peroxides. We recently identified peroxiredoxin and NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase isoforms in cellular compartments including chloroplasts and mitochondria, indicating the physiological significance of the thioredoxin system in metabolism of ROS. Besides glutathione, Euglena contains the unusual thiol compound trypanothione, an unusual form of glutathione involving two molecules of glutathione joined by a spermidine linker, which has been identified in pathogenic protists such as Trypanosomatida and Schizopyrenida. Furthermore, in contrast to plants, photosynthesis by Euglena is not susceptible to hydrogen peroxide because of resistance of the Calvin cycle enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatse, NADP+-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, and phosphoribulokinase to hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, these characteristics of Euglena appear to exemplify a strategy for survival and adaptation to various environmental conditions during the evolutionary process of euglenoids.
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Nucleoredoxin guards against oxidative stress by protecting antioxidant enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8414-8419. [PMID: 28724723 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703344114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with a wide range of developmental and stress responses. Although cells have evolved to use ROS as signaling molecules, their chemically reactive nature also poses a threat. Antioxidant systems are required to detoxify ROS and prevent cellular damage, but little is known about how these systems manage to function in hostile, ROS-rich environments. Here we show that during oxidative stress in plant cells, the pathogen-inducible oxidoreductase Nucleoredoxin 1 (NRX1) targets enzymes of major hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-scavenging pathways, including catalases. Mutant nrx1 plants displayed reduced catalase activity and were hypersensitive to oxidative stress. Remarkably, catalase was maintained in a reduced state by substrate-interaction with NRX1, a process necessary for its H2O2-scavenging activity. These data suggest that unexpectedly H2O2-scavenging enzymes experience oxidative distress in ROS-rich environments and require reductive protection from NRX1 for optimal activity.
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de Santana Costa MG, Mazzafera P, Balbuena TS. Insights into temperature modulation of the Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus grandis antioxidant and lignification subproteomes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 137:15-23. [PMID: 28190676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus globulus are among the most widely cultivated trees, differing in lignin composition and plantation areas, as E. grandis is mostly cultivated in tropical regions while E. globulus is preferred in temperate areas. As temperature is a key modulator in plant metabolism, a large-scale proteome analysis was carried out to investigate changes in the antioxidant system and the lignification metabolism in plantlets grown at different temperatures. Our strategy allowed the identification of 3111 stem proteins. A total of 103 antioxidant proteins were detected in the stems of both species. Hierarchical clustering revealed that alterations in the antioxidant proteins are more prominent when Eucalyptus seedlings were exposed to high temperature and that the superoxide isoforms coded by the gene Eucgr.B03930 are the most abundant antioxidant enzymes induced by thermal stimulus. Regarding the lignin biosynthesis, our proteomics approach resulted in the identification of 13 of the 17 core proteins involved in this metabolism, corroborating with gene predictions and the proposed lignin toolbox. Quantitative analyses revealed significant differences in 8 protein isoforms, including the ferulate 5-hydroxylase isoform F5H1, a key enzyme in catalyzing the synthesis of sinapyl alcohol, and the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase isoform CAD2, the last enzyme in monolignol biosynthesis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005743.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santana Balbuena
- Department of Technology, São Paulo State University, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Calderón A, Ortiz-Espín A, Iglesias-Fernández R, Carbonero P, Pallardó FV, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Thioredoxin (Trxo1) interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and its overexpression affects the growth of tobacco cell culture. Redox Biol 2017; 11:688-700. [PMID: 28183062 PMCID: PMC5299145 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs), key components of cellular redox regulation, act by controlling the redox status of many target proteins, and have been shown to play an essential role in cell survival and growth. The presence of a Trx system in the nucleus has received little attention in plants, and the nuclear targets of plant Trxs have not been conclusively identified. Thus, very little is known about the function of Trxs in this cellular compartment. Previously, we studied the intracellular localization of PsTrxo1 and confirmed its presence in mitochondria and, interestingly, in the nucleus under standard growth conditions. In investigating the nuclear function of PsTrxo1 we identified proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a PsTrxo1 target by means of affinity chromatography techniques using purified nuclei from pea leaves. Such protein-protein interaction was corroborated by dot-blot and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, which showed that both proteins interact in the nucleus. Moreover, PsTrxo1 showed disulfide reductase activity on previously oxidized recombinant PCNA protein. In parallel, we studied the effects of PsTrxo1 overexpression on Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (TBY-2) cell cultures. Microscopy and flow-cytometry analysis showed that PsTrxo1 overexpression increases the rate of cell proliferation in the transformed lines, with a higher percentage of the S phase of the cell cycle at the beginning of the cell culture (days 1 and 3) and at the G2/M phase after longer times of culture (day 9), coinciding with an upregulation of PCNA protein. Furthermore, in PsTrxo1 overexpressed cells there is a decrease in the total cellular glutathione content but maintained nuclear GSH accumulation, especially at the end of the culture, which is accompanied by a higher mitotic index, unlike non-overexpressing cells. These results suggest that Trxo1 is involved in the cell cycle progression of TBY-2 cultures, possibly through its link with cellular PCNA and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aingeru Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Ortiz-Espín
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP; UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, E-28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Carbonero
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP; UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, E-28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico Vicente Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 15, E-46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Mihara S, Yoshida K, Higo A, Hisabori T. Functional Significance of NADPH-Thioredoxin Reductase C in the Antioxidant Defense System of Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:86-94. [PMID: 28011872 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The redox regulation system is widely accepted as a crucial mechanism for controlling the activities of various metabolic enzymes. In addition to thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin cascades, NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), a hybrid protein formed by an NADPH-thioredoxin reductase domain and a thioredoxin (Trx) domain, is present in chloroplasts and in most cyanobacteria species. Although several target proteins and physiological functions of NTRC in chloroplasts have been characterized, little is known about NTRC functions in cyanobacteria. Therefore, we investigated the molecular basis and physiological significance of NTRC-dependent redox regulation in the filamentous heterocyst-forming nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (Anabaena 7120). Initially, we identified six candidate NTRC targets in Anabaena 7120 using NTRC affinity chromatography. Subsequently, we compared the efficiency of reducing-equivalent transfer from NTRC and Trx-m1 to the NTRC target protein 2-Cys peroxiredoxin. Biochemical analyses revealed that compared with Trx-m1, NTRC more efficiently transfers reducing equivalents to 2-Cys peroxiredoxin. Subsequently, we constructed and analyzed an ntrC knockout strain in Anabaena 7120. The mutant showed impaired growth under oxidative stress conditions and lower concentrations of reduced 2-Cys peroxiredoxin in cells. Taken together, the present in vitro and in vivo results indicate that NTRC is a significant electron donor for 2-Cys peroxiredoxin and plays a pivotal role in antioxidant defense systems in Anabaena 7120 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Mihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Higo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
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Stottmeier B, Dick TP. Redox sensitivity of the MyD88 immune signaling adapter. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:93-101. [PMID: 27720842 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mediates expression of key genes involved in innate immunity and inflammation. NF-κB activation has been repeatedly reported to be modulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here, we show that the NF-κB-activating signaling adapter myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is highly sensitive to oxidation by H2O2 and may be redox-regulated in its function, thus facilitating an influence of H2O2 on the NF-κB signaling pathway. Upon oxidation, MyD88 forms distinct disulfide-linked conjugates which are reduced by the MyD88-interacting oxidoreductase nucleoredoxin (Nrx). MyD88 cysteine residues functionally modulate MyD88-dependent NF-κB activation, suggesting a link between MyD88 thiol oxidation state and immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stottmeier
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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41
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Foyer CH, Noctor G. Stress-triggered redox signalling: what's in pROSpect? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:951-64. [PMID: 26264148 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a profound influence on almost every aspect of plant biology. Here, we emphasize the fundamental, intimate relationships between light-driven reductant formation, ROS, and oxidative stress, together with compartment-specific differences in redox buffering and the perspectives for their analysis. Calculations of approximate H2 O2 concentrations in the peroxisomes are provided, and based on the likely values in other locations such as chloroplasts, we conclude that much of the H2 O2 detected in conventional in vitro assays is likely to be extracellular. Within the context of scant information on ROS perception mechanisms, we consider current knowledge, including possible parallels with emerging information on oxygen sensing. Although ROS can sometimes be signals for cell death, we consider that an equally important role is to transmit information from metabolism to allow appropriate cellular responses to developmental and environmental changes. Our discussion speculates on novel sensing mechanisms by which this could happen and how ROS could be counted by the cell, possibly as a means of monitoring metabolic flux. Throughout, we place emphasis on the positive effects of ROS, predicting that in the coming decades they will increasingly be defined as hallmarks of viability within a changing and challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
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Hossain Z, Mustafa G, Sakata K, Komatsu S. Insights into the proteomic response of soybean towards Al₂O₃, ZnO, and Ag nanoparticles stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 304:291-305. [PMID: 26561753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex mechanisms involved in plant response to nanoparticles is indispensable in assessing the impact of nano-pollutants on environment. The present study compares the phytotoxicity of three different metal-based nanoparticles (Al2O3, ZnO, and Ag) in soybean seedling at proteome level. Plant growth, rigidity of roots, and root cell viability were markedly affected by ZnO- and Ag-NPs stress; while, Al2O3-NPs challenged soybean maintained normal seedling growth like control. Moreover, severe oxidative burst was evident in ZnO-NPs and Ag-NPs treatments. Gel-free proteomic analysis of NPs stressed soybean roots revealed 104 commonly changed proteins primarily associated with secondary metabolism, cell organization, and hormone metabolism. Oxidation-reduction cascade related genes, such as GDSL motif lipase 5, SKU5 similar 4, galactose oxidase, and quinone reductase were up-regulated in Al2O3-NPs challenged roots and down-regulated in ZnO- and Ag-NPs treatments. In comparison to root, 16 common proteins were found to be significantly changed in leaves of NPs exposed soybean that were predominantly associated to photosystem and protein degradation. The proteomic findings suggest that high abundance of proteins involved in oxidation-reduction, stress signaling, hormonal pathways related to growth and development might be the principal key for optimum growth of soybean under Al2O3-NPs stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Hossain
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan; Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Katsumi Sakata
- Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi 371-0816, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
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Delorme-Hinoux V, Bangash SAK, Meyer AJ, Reichheld JP. Nuclear thiol redox systems in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 243:84-95. [PMID: 26795153 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-disulfide redox regulation is essential for many cellular functions in plants. It has major roles in defense mechanisms, maintains the redox status of the cell and plays structural, with regulatory roles for many proteins. Although thiol-based redox regulation has been extensively studied in subcellular organelles such as chloroplasts, it has been much less studied in the nucleus. Thiol-disulfide redox regulation is dependent on the conserved redox proteins, glutathione/glutaredoxin (GRX) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems. We first focus on the functions of glutathione in the nucleus and discuss recent data concerning accumulation of glutathione in the nucleus. We also provide evidence that glutathione reduction is potentially active in the nucleus. Recent data suggests that the nucleus is enriched in specific GRX and TRX isoforms. We discuss the biochemical and molecular characteristics of these isoforms and focus on genetic evidences for their potential nuclear functions. Finally, we make an overview of the different thiol-based redox regulated proteins in the nucleus. These proteins are involved in various pathways including transcriptional regulation, metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Delorme-Hinoux
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
| | - Sajid A K Bangash
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
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Diaz-Vivancos P, de Simone A, Kiddle G, Foyer CH. Glutathione--linking cell proliferation to oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1154-64. [PMID: 26546102 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The multifaceted functions of reduced glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine; GSH) continue to fascinate plants and animal scientists, not least because of the dynamic relationships between GSH and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that underpin reduction/oxidation (redox) regulation and signalling. Here we consider the respective roles of ROS and GSH in the regulation of plant growth, with a particular focus on regulation of the plant cell cycle. Glutathione is discussed not only as a crucial low molecular weight redox buffer that shields nuclear processes against oxidative challenge but also a flexible regulator of genetic and epigenetic functions. RECENT ADVANCES The intracellular compartmentalization of GSH during the cell cycle is remarkably consistent in plants and animals. Moreover, measurements of in vivo glutathione redox potentials reveal that the cellular environment is much more reducing than predicted from GSH/GSSG ratios measured in tissue extracts. The redox potential of the cytosol and nuclei of non-dividing plant cells is about -300 mV. This relatively low redox potential maintained even in cells experiencing oxidative stress by a number of mechanisms including vacuolar sequestration of GSSG. We propose that regulated ROS production linked to glutathione-mediated signalling events are the hallmark of viable cells within a changing and challenging environment. CRITICAL ISSUES The concept that the cell cycle in animals is subject to redox controls is well established but little is known about how ROS and GSH regulate this process in plants. However, it is increasingly likely that redox controls exist in plants, although possibly through different pathways. Moreover, redox-regulated proteins that function in cell cycle checkpoints remain to be identified in plants. While GSH-responsive genes have now been identified, the mechanisms that mediate and regulate protein glutathionylation in plants remain poorly defined. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The nuclear GSH pool provides an appropriate redox environment for essential nuclear functions. Future work will focus on how this essential thiol interacts with the nuclear thioredoxin system and nitric oxide to regulate genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The characterization of redox-regulated cell cycle proteins in plants, and the elucidation of mechanisms that facilitate GSH accumulation in the nucleus are keep steps to unravelling the complexities of nuclear redox controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Diaz-Vivancos
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ambra de Simone
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Guy Kiddle
- Lumora Ltd, Bartholomews Walk, Cambridge Business Park, Cambridge CB7 4EA, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Porter BW, Yuen CYL, Christopher DA. Dual protein trafficking to secretory and non-secretory cell compartments: clear or double vision? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:174-9. [PMID: 25804820 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 18% of Arabidopsis thaliana proteins encode a signal peptide for translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the gateway of the eukaryotic secretory pathway. However, it was recently discovered that some ER proteins can undergo both co-translational import into the ER/secretory pathway and trafficking to compartments outside of the secretory pathway. This phenomenon is observed among members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, which are traditionally regarded as ER enzymes involved in protein folding. Although classical PDIs possess an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal ER retention signal, some also dual localize to secretory and non-secretory compartments, including mammalian PDI ERp57, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii PDI RB60, and A. thaliana AtPDI2. ERp57 is present in both the ER and nucleus where it influences gene transcription. RB60 localizes to the ER and chloroplast where it modulates the redox state of polyadenylate-binding protein RB47. AtPDI2, which interacts with transcription factor MEE8, localizes to the ER-secretory pathway and the nucleus. A model proposing secretory trafficking of AtPDI2 and nuclear co-translocation of an AtPDI2-MEE8 complex illustrates the diversity of dual targeting mechanisms, the multifunctional roles of some PDIs, and the potential co-translocation of other proteins to multiple subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad W Porter
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building Room 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Christen Y L Yuen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building Room 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - David A Christopher
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building Room 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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46
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Biochemical and redox characterization of the mediator complex and its associated transcription factor GeBPL, a GLABROUS1 enhancer binding protein. Biochem J 2015; 468:385-400. [PMID: 25877331 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic mediator integrates regulatory signals from promoter-bound transcription factors (TFs) and transmits them to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) machinery. Although redox signalling is important in adjusting plant metabolism and development, nothing is known about a possible redox regulation of mediator. In the present study, using pull-down and yeast two-hybrid assays, we demonstrate the association of mediator (MED) subunits MED10a, MED28 and MED32 with the GLABROUS1 (GL1) enhancer-binding protein-like (GeBPL), a plant-specific TF that binds a promoter containing cryptochrome 1 response element 2 (CryR2) element. All the corresponding recombinant proteins form various types of covalent oligomers linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds that are reduced in vitro by the thioredoxin (TRX) and/or glutathione/glutaredoxin (GRX) systems. The presence of recombinant MED10a, MED28 and MED32 subunits or changes of its redox state affect the DNA-binding capacity of GeBPL suggesting that redox-driven conformational changes might modulate its activity. Overall, these results advance our understanding of how redox signalling affects transcription and identify mediator as a novel actor in redox signalling pathways, relaying or integrating redox changes in combination with specific TFs as GeBPL.
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Zhou XX, Yang LT, Qi YP, Guo P, Chen LS. Mechanisms on boron-induced alleviation of aluminum-toxicity in Citrus grandis seedlings at a transcriptional level revealed by cDNA-AFLP analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115485. [PMID: 25747450 PMCID: PMC4352013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical mechanisms on boron (B)-induced alleviation of aluminum (B)-toxicity in plants have been examined in some details, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes is very limited. In this study, we first used the cDNA-AFLP to investigate the gene expression patterns in Citrus grandis roots responsive to B and Al interactions, and isolated 100 differentially expressed genes. Results showed that genes related to detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes (i.e., glutathione S-transferase zeta class-like isoform X1, thioredoxin M-type 4, and 2-alkenal reductase (NADP+-dependent)-like), metabolism (i.e., carboxylesterases and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase-like 4-like, nicotianamine aminotransferase A-like isoform X3, thiosulfate sulfurtransferase 18-like isoform X1, and FNR, root isozyme 2), cell transport (i.e., non-specific lipid-transfer protein-like protein At2g13820-like and major facilitator superfamily protein), Ca signal and hormone (i.e., calcium-binding protein CML19-like and IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 4-like), gene regulation (i.e., Gag-pol polyprotein) and cell wall modification (i.e., glycosyl hydrolase family 10 protein) might play a role in B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity. Our results are useful not only for our understanding of molecular processes associated with B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity, but also for obtaining key molecular genes to enhance Al-tolerance of plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Zhou
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- * E-mail:
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Involvement of thiol-based mechanisms in plant development. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1479-96. [PMID: 25676896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing knowledge has been recently gained regarding the redox regulation of plant developmental stages. SCOPE OF VIEW The current state of knowledge concerning the involvement of glutathione, glutaredoxins and thioredoxins in plant development is reviewed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The control of the thiol redox status is mainly ensured by glutathione (GSH), a cysteine-containing tripeptide and by reductases sharing redox-active cysteines, glutaredoxins (GRXs) and thioredoxins (TRXs). Indeed, thiol groups present in many regulatory proteins and metabolic enzymes are prone to oxidation, ultimately leading to post-translational modifications such as disulfide bond formation or glutathionylation. This review focuses on the involvement of GSH, GRXs and TRXs in plant development. Recent studies showed that the proper functioning of root and shoot apical meristems depends on glutathione content and redox status, which regulate, among others, cell cycle and hormone-related processes. A critical role of GRXs in the formation of floral organs has been uncovered, likely through the redox regulation of TGA transcription factor activity. TRXs fulfill many functions in plant development via the regulation of embryo formation, the control of cell-to-cell communication, the mobilization of seed reserves, the biogenesis of chloroplastic structures, the metabolism of carbon and the maintenance of cell redox homeostasis. This review also highlights the tight relationships between thiols, hormones and carbon metabolism, allowing a proper development of plants in relation with the varying environment and the energy availability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE GSH, GRXs and TRXs play key roles during the whole plant developmental cycle via their antioxidant functions and the redox-regulation of signaling pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Cha JY, Barman DN, Kim MG, Kim WY. Stress defense mechanisms of NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductases (NTRs) in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1017698. [PMID: 26039478 PMCID: PMC4623241 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1017698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants establish highly and systemically organized stress defense mechanisms against unfavorable living conditions. To interpret these environmental stimuli, plants possess communication tools, referred as secondary messengers, such as Ca(2+) signature and reactive oxygen species (ROS) wave. Maintenance of ROS is an important event for whole lifespan of plants, however, in special cases, toxic ROS molecules are largely accumulated under excess stresses and diverse enzymes played as ROS scavengers. Arabidopsis and rice contain 3 NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductases (NTRs) which transfer reducing power to Thioredoxin/Peroxiredoxin (Trx/Prx) system for scavenging ROS. However, due to functional redundancy between cytosolic and mitochondrial NTRs (NTRA and NTRB, respectively), their functional involvements under stress conditions have not been well characterized. Recently, we reported that cytosolic NTRA confers the stress tolerance against oxidative and drought stresses via regulation of ROS amounts using NTRA-overexpressing plants. With these findings, mitochondrial NTRB needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus); Institute of Agriculture & Life Science; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhirendra Nath Barman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus); Institute of Agriculture & Life Science; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus); Institute of Agriculture & Life Science; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence to: Woe-Yeon Kim;
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