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Zilla ML, John I, Naous R. Loss of Histone H3K27 Trimethylation (H3K27me3) Expression as a Potential Diagnostic Pitfall in Sarcomatoid Carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2023:10668969231215819. [PMID: 37997394 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231215819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Loss of histone H3K27 Trimethylation (H3K27me3) immunohistochemical expression is commonly used as an ancillary test and a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). A potential histological mimic of MPNST is sarcomatoid carcinoma. Prompted by an index specimen of sarcomatoid carcinoma with H3K27me3 loss and the lack of literature on such phenomenon, we sought to determine the frequency of H3K27me3 loss of expression in a cohort of sarcomatoid carcinomas. Fifty specimens of primary and metastatic sarcomatoid carcinomas with spindle cell morphology mimicking MPNST were prospectively and retrospectively retrieved from our institutional archives and stained with an antibody to H3K27me3. H3K27me3 staining was lost in 4 of the 50 specimens (8%). These specimens included a primary sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma of the bladder resection, two local recurrences (sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and oral cavity) as well as a metastatic sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Next-generation sequencing performed on all four specimens demonstrated gene mutations and copy number alterations with TP53, FANC (FANCD2 and FANCI), and TERT being the most common gene mutations and CDKN2A/B copy number loss and 11q region amplification being the most common copy number gene alterations. Mutations involving NF1, SUZ12, or EED were absent in all tested specimens. In conclusion, H3K27me3 expression may be lost in as many as 8% of sarcomatoid carcinomas which can pose as a potential diagnostic pitfall, especially in challenging sarcomatoid carcinoma specimens with absent keratin staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Zilla
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivy John
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rana Naous
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2
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Hou Y, Li J, Yu A, Deng K, Chen J, Wang Z, Huang L, Ma S, Dai X. FANCI is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:918-932. [PMID: 37324186 PMCID: PMC10266051 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.83760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to validate FANCI as a potential marker for both prognosis and therapy in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Method: FANCI expression data were acquired from GEPIA, HPA, TCGA, and GEO databases. The impact of clinicopathological features was analyzed by UALCAN. The prognosis of Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) patients with highly expressed FANCI was constructed utilizing Kaplan-Meier Plotter. GEO2R was employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Metascape was used to analyze functional pathways correlations. Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) networks were generated by Cytoscape. Furthermore, molecular complex detection (MCODE) was utilized to recognize Hub genes, which were selected to establish a prognostic model. Lastly, the relationship between FANCI and immune cell infiltration in LIHC was examined. Results: Compared to adjacent tissues, FANCI expression levels were significantly higher in LIHC tissues and were positively correlated to the cancer grade, stage, and prior hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. High expression of FANCI was found to be associated with poor prognosis in LIHC (HR=1.89, p<0.001). DEGs that were positively correlated with FANCI were involved in various processes, including the cell cycle, VEGF pathway, immune system processes, and biogenesis of ribonucleoproteins. MCM10, TPX2, PRC1, and KIF11 were identified as key genes closely related to FANCI and poor prognosis. A reliable five-variable prognostic model was constructed with strong predictive capability. Lastly, a positive correlation was observed between FANCI expression and tumor-infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, B cells, regulatory T (Tregs), CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2), and macrophage M2 cells. Conclusion: FANCI may hold promise as a potential biomarker for predicting prognostic outcomes, and a valuable therapeutic target for LIHC patients, with a focus on anti-proliferation, anti-chemoresistance, and combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Hou
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Albert Yu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kexin Deng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zixian Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyong Dai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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3
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Chihanga T, Vicente-Muñoz S, Ruiz-Torres S, Pal B, Sertorio M, Andreassen PR, Khoury R, Mehta P, Davies SM, Lane AN, Romick-Rosendale LE, Wells SI. Head and Neck Cancer Susceptibility and Metabolism in Fanconi Anemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082040. [PMID: 35454946 PMCID: PMC9025423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited, generally autosomal recessive syndrome, but it displays X-linked or dominant negative inheritance for certain genes. FA is characterized by a deficiency in DNA damage repair that results in bone marrow failure, and in an increased risk for various epithelial tumors, most commonly squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) and of the esophagus, anogenital tract and skin. Individuals with FA exhibit increased human papilloma virus (HPV) prevalence. Furthermore, a subset of anogenital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in FA harbor HPV sequences and FA-deficient laboratory models reveal molecular crosstalk between HPV and FA proteins. However, a definitive role for HPV in HNSCC development in the FA patient population is unproven. Cellular metabolism plays an integral role in tissue homeostasis, and metabolic deregulation is a known hallmark of cancer progression that supports uncontrolled proliferation, tumor development and metastatic dissemination. The metabolic consequences of FA deficiency in keratinocytes and associated impact on the development of SCC in the FA population is poorly understood. Herein, we review the current literature on the metabolic consequences of FA deficiency and potential effects of resulting metabolic reprogramming on FA cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa Chihanga
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Sara Vicente-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (S.V.-M.); (L.E.R.-R.)
| | - Sonya Ruiz-Torres
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Bidisha Pal
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Paul R. Andreassen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Ruby Khoury
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (R.K.); (P.M.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Parinda Mehta
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (R.K.); (P.M.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Stella M. Davies
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (R.K.); (P.M.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Lindsey E. Romick-Rosendale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (S.V.-M.); (L.E.R.-R.)
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-636-5986
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4
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Ishiai M. Regulation of the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway by Phosphorylation and Monoubiquitination. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111763. [PMID: 34828369 PMCID: PMC8624177 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway coordinates a faithful repair mechanism for stalled DNA replication forks caused by factors such as DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) or replication stress. An important role of FA pathway activation is initiated by monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and its binding partner of FANCI, which is regulated by the ATM-related kinase, ATR. Therefore, regulation of the FA pathway is a good example of the contribution of ATR to genome stability. In this short review, we summarize the knowledge accumulated over the years regarding how the FA pathway is activated via phosphorylation and monoubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Ishiai
- Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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5
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Yang S, Xiao H, Sun Y, Cao L. Zeylenone synergizes with cisplatin in osteosarcoma by enhancing DNA damage, apoptosis, and necrosis via the Hsp90/AKT/GSK3β and Fanconi anaemia pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5899-5918. [PMID: 34585447 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A safer and more effective combination strategy designed to enhance the efficacy and minimize the toxicity of cisplatin in osteosarcoma (OS) is urgently needed. Zeylenone (zey), a cyclohexene oxide compound, exerted an obvious inhibitory effect on several cancer cell lines and exhibited little cytotoxicity towards normal cells, enabling zey to play a unique role in combination therapy. Thus, the study aimed to determine whether the combination of zey and cisplatin produces synergistic antitumour effects on OS and to further explore molecular mechanisms. Initially, we found that zey potentiated the anti-osteosarcoma efficacy of cisplatin and exhibited synergistic interactions with cisplatin in vitro, which also were confirmed in vivo by using xenograft model. Mechanistically, zey and cisplatin synergistically induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, necrosis, and apoptosis in OS cells. Importantly, zey had a high binding affinity for Hsp90 and reduced the expression of Hsp90, which further induced the suppression of AKT/GSK3β signalling axis and the degradation of Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway proteins. Thus, the Hsp90/AKT/GSK3β and FA pathway are the key to the synergism between zey and cisplatin. Overall, zey shows promise for development as a cisplatin chemosensitizer with clinical utility in restoring cisplatin sensitivity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfang Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Structural insight into FANCI-FANCD2 monoubiquitination. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:807-817. [PMID: 32725171 PMCID: PMC7588663 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway coordinates a faithful repair mechanism for DNA damage that blocks DNA replication, such as interstrand cross-links. A key step in the FA pathway is the conjugation of ubiquitin on to FANCD2 and FANCI, which is facilitated by a large E3 ubiquitin ligase complex called the FA core complex. Mutations in FANCD2, FANCI or FA core complex components cause the FA bone marrow failure syndrome. Despite the importance of these proteins to DNA repair and human disease, our molecular understanding of the FA pathway has been limited due to a deficit in structural studies. With the recent development in cryo-electron microscopy (EM), significant advances have been made in structural characterization of these proteins in the last 6 months. These structures, combined with new biochemical studies, now provide a more detailed understanding of how FANCD2 and FANCI are monoubiquitinated and how DNA repair may occur. In this review, we summarize these recent advances in the structural and molecular understanding of these key components in the FA pathway, compare the activation steps of FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitination and suggest molecular steps that are likely to be involved in regulating its activity.
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7
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Liu W, Palovcak A, Li F, Zafar A, Yuan F, Zhang Y. Fanconi anemia pathway as a prospective target for cancer intervention. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:39. [PMID: 32190289 PMCID: PMC7075017 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive genetic disorder caused by biallelic mutations in at least one of 22 FA genes. Beyond its pathological presentation of bone marrow failure and congenital abnormalities, FA is associated with chromosomal abnormality and genomic instability, and thus represents a genetic vulnerability for cancer predisposition. The cancer relevance of the FA pathway is further established with the pervasive occurrence of FA gene alterations in somatic cancers and observations of FA pathway activation-associated chemotherapy resistance. In this article we describe the role of the FA pathway in canonical interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair and possible contributions of FA gene alterations to cancer development. We also discuss the perspectives and potential of targeting the FA pathway for cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Anna Palovcak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Alyan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Fenghua Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
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8
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Tan W, van Twest S, Leis A, Bythell-Douglas R, Murphy VJ, Sharp M, Parker MW, Crismani W, Deans AJ. Monoubiquitination by the human Fanconi anemia core complex clamps FANCI:FANCD2 on DNA in filamentous arrays. eLife 2020; 9:e54128. [PMID: 32167469 PMCID: PMC7156235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FANCI:FANCD2 monoubiquitination is a critical event for replication fork stabilization by the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway. It has been proposed that at stalled replication forks, monoubiquitinated-FANCD2 serves to recruit DNA repair proteins that contain ubiquitin-binding motifs. Here, we have reconstituted the FA pathway in vitro to study functional consequences of FANCI:FANCD2 monoubiquitination. We report that monoubiquitination does not promote any specific exogenous protein:protein interactions, but instead stabilizes FANCI:FANCD2 heterodimers on dsDNA. This clamping requires monoubiquitination of only the FANCD2 subunit. We further show using electron microscopy that purified monoubiquitinated FANCI:FANCD2 forms filament-like arrays on long dsDNA. Our results reveal how monoubiquitinated FANCI:FANCD2, defective in many cancer types and all cases of FA, is activated upon DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Tan
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent’s Health), The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sylvie van Twest
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
| | - Andrew Leis
- Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | | | - Vincent J Murphy
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
| | - Michael Sharp
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Structural Biology Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
| | - Wayne Crismani
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent’s Health), The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent’s Health), The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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9
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Tan W, van Twest S, Murphy VJ, Deans AJ. ATR-Mediated FANCI Phosphorylation Regulates Both Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination of FANCD2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:2. [PMID: 32117957 PMCID: PMC7010609 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are a physical barrier to replication and therefore toxic to cell viability. An important mechanism for the removal of ICLs is the Fanconi Anemia DNA repair pathway, which is initiated by mono-ubiquitination of FANCD2 and its partner protein FANCI. Here, we show that maintenance of FANCD2 and FANCI proteins in a monoubiquitinated form is regulated by the ATR-kinase. Using recombinant proteins in biochemical reconstitution experiments we show that ATR directly phosphorylates FANCI on serine 556, 559, and 565 to stabilize its association with DNA and FANCD2. This increased association with DNA stimulates the conjugation of ubiquitin to both FANCI and FANCD2, but also inhibits ubiquitin deconjugation. Using phosphomimetic and phosphodead mutants of FANCI we show that S559 and S565 are particularly important for protecting the complex from the activity of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP1:UAF1. Our results reveal a major mechanism by which ATR kinase maintains the activation of the FA pathway, by promoting the accumulation of FANCD2 in the ubiquitinated form active in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Tan
- Genome Stability Unit, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent’s Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sylvie van Twest
- Genome Stability Unit, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Vincent J. Murphy
- Genome Stability Unit, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent’s Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Chaugule VK, Arkinson C, Rennie ML, Kämäräinen O, Toth R, Walden H. Allosteric mechanism for site-specific ubiquitination of FANCD2. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 16:291-301. [PMID: 31873223 PMCID: PMC7035956 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage repair is implemented by proteins that are coordinated by specialised molecular signals. One such signal in the Fanconi Anemia (FA) DNA-interstrand crosslink repair pathway is the site-specific monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI. The signal is mediated by a multi-protein FA core complex (FA-CC) however, the mechanics for precise ubiquitination remain elusive. We show that FANCL, the RING-bearing module in FA-CC, allosterically activates its cognate E2 Ube2T to drive site-specific FANCD2 ubiquitination. Unlike typical RING E3 ligases, FANCL catalyses ubiquitination by rewiring Ube2T’s intra-residue network to influence the active site. Consequently, a basic triad unique to Ube2T engages a structured acidic patch near the target lysine on FANCD2. This three-dimensional complementarity, between the E2 active site and substrate surface, induced by FANCL is central to site-specific monoubiquitination in the FA pathway. Furthermore, the allosteric network of Ube2T can be engineered to enhance FANCL catalysed FANCD2-FANCI di-monoubiquitination without compromising site-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viduth K Chaugule
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. .,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Connor Arkinson
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Martin L Rennie
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Outi Kämäräinen
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Toth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Helen Walden
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. .,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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11
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Hu WF, Krieger KL, Lagundžin D, Li X, Cheung RS, Taniguchi T, Johnson KR, Bessho T, Monteiro ANA, Woods NT. CTDP1 regulates breast cancer survival and DNA repair through BRCT-specific interactions with FANCI. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:105. [PMID: 31240132 PMCID: PMC6584691 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 C-terminal domains are found in a specialized group of 23 proteins that function in the DNA damage response to protect genomic integrity. C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (CTDP1) is the only phosphatase with a BRCA1 C-terminal domain in the human proteome, yet direct participation in the DNA damage response has not been reported. Examination of the CTDP1 BRCA1 C-terminal domain-specific protein interaction network revealed 103 high confidence interactions enriched in DNA damage response proteins, including FANCA and FANCI that are central to the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway necessary for the resolution of DNA interstrand crosslink damage. CTDP1 expression promotes DNA damage-induced FANCA and FANCD2 foci formation and enhances homologous recombination repair efficiency. CTDP1 was found to regulate multiple aspects of FANCI activity, including chromatin localization, interaction with γ-H2AX, and SQ motif phosphorylations. Knockdown of CTDP1 increases MCF-10A sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinks and double-strand breaks, but not ultraviolet radiation. In addition, CTDP1 knockdown impairs in vitro and in vivo growth of breast cancer cell lines. These results elucidate the molecular functions of CTDP1 in Fanconi anemia interstrand crosslink repair and identify this protein as a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Hu
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.,2Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kimiko L Krieger
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Dragana Lagundžin
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.,3Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Xueli Li
- 4Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Ronald S Cheung
- 5Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Toshiyasu Taniguchi
- 5Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.,6Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Keith R Johnson
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- 4Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Nicholas T Woods
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
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12
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Huang J, Zhang J, Bellani MA, Pokharel D, Gichimu J, James RC, Gali H, Ling C, Yan Z, Xu D, Chen J, Meetei AR, Li L, Wang W, Seidman MM. Remodeling of Interstrand Crosslink Proximal Replisomes Is Dependent on ATR, FANCM, and FANCD2. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1794-1808.e5. [PMID: 31067464 PMCID: PMC6676478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic replisomes are driven by the mini chromosome maintenance (MCM [M]) helicase complex, an offset ring locked around the template for leading strand synthesis by CDC45 (C) and GINS (G) proteins. Although the CDC45 MCM GINS (CMG) structure implies that interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are absolute blocks to replisomes, recent studies indicate that cells can restart DNA synthesis on the side of the ICL distal to the initial encounter. Here, we report that restart requires ATR and is promoted by FANCD2 and phosphorylated FANCM. Following introduction of genomic ICLs and dependent on ATR and FANCD2 but not on the Fanconi anemia core proteins or FAAP24, FANCM binds the replisome complex, with concomitant release of the GINS proteins. In situ analysis of replisomes proximal to ICLs confirms the ATR-dependent release of GINS proteins while CDC45 is retained on the remodeled replisome. The results demonstrate the plasticity of CMG composition in response to replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marina A Bellani
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Durga Pokharel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julia Gichimu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ryan C James
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Himabindu Gali
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., K-712D, Boston, MA 02118-2526
| | - Chen Ling
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zhijiang Yan
- Institute of DNA Repair Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongyi Xu
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Amom Ruhikanta Meetei
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology and Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), congenital defects, inability to repair DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), and cancer predisposition. FA presents two seemingly opposite characteristics: (a) massive cell death of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment due to extensive genomic instability, leading to BMF, and (b) uncontrolled cell proliferation leading to FA-associated malignancies. The canonical function of the FA proteins is to collaborate with several other DNA repair proteins to eliminate clastogenic (chromosome-breaking) effects of DNA ICLs. Recent discoveries reveal that the FA pathway functions in a critical tumor-suppressor network to preserve genomic integrity by stabilizing replication forks, mitigating replication stress, and regulating cytokinesis. Homozygous germline mutations (biallelic) in 22 FANC genes cause FA, whereas heterozygous germline mutations in some of the FANC genes (monoallelic), such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, do not cause FA but significantly increase cancer susceptibility sporadically in the general population. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the functions of the FA pathway in the maintenance of genomic stability, and we present an overview of the prevalence and clinical relevance of somatic mutations in FA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi Niraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
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14
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Zhang X, Fisher R, Shields D, Hou W, Franicola D, Wang H, Epperly MW, Rigatti L, Greenberger JS. Malignant Transformation of Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2-deficient ( Fancd2 -/-) Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by a Single HPV16 Oncogene. In Vivo 2019; 33:303-311. [PMID: 30804107 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To demonstrate that Fanconi anemia complementation group D2-deficient (Fancd2-/-) hematopoietic progenitor cell lines can be transformed by transfection with a plasmid containing either the E6 or E7 oncogene of human papillomavirus (HPV) to generate malignant plasmacytoma-inducing cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to determine whether a single HPV type 16 (HPV16) oncogene induced malignant transformation, Fancd2-/- and Fancd2+/+ interleukin 3 (IL3)-dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines were transfected with plasmids containing E6 or E7 oncogene, or control empty plasmid. RESULTS Fancd2-/- but not Fancd2+/+ cells were transformed into malignant IL3-independent cells by both E6, and E7 oncogenes, but not by empty plasmid. Hematopoietic cell lines and tumors induced by Fancd2-/- E6 and Fancd2-/- E7 cell lines were positive for each respective HPV RNA and protein. CONCLUSION A single HPV16 oncogene is adequate to produce malignant transformation of Fancd2-/- hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Renee Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Donna Shields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Darcy Franicola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Lora Rigatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A.
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15
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Nenni MJ, Fisher ME, James-Zorn C, Pells TJ, Ponferrada V, Chu S, Fortriede JD, Burns KA, Wang Y, Lotay VS, Wang DZ, Segerdell E, Chaturvedi P, Karimi K, Vize PD, Zorn AM. Xenbase: Facilitating the Use of Xenopus to Model Human Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:154. [PMID: 30863320 PMCID: PMC6399412 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
At a fundamental level most genes, signaling pathways, biological functions and organ systems are highly conserved between man and all vertebrate species. Leveraging this conservation, researchers are increasingly using the experimental advantages of the amphibian Xenopus to model human disease. The online Xenopus resource, Xenbase, enables human disease modeling by curating the Xenopus literature published in PubMed and integrating these Xenopus data with orthologous human genes, anatomy, and more recently with links to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man resource (OMIM) and the Human Disease Ontology (DO). Here we review how Xenbase supports disease modeling and report on a meta-analysis of the published Xenopus research providing an overview of the different types of diseases being modeled in Xenopus and the variety of experimental approaches being used. Text mining of over 50,000 Xenopus research articles imported into Xenbase from PubMed identified approximately 1,000 putative disease- modeling articles. These articles were manually assessed and annotated with disease ontologies, which were then used to classify papers based on disease type. We found that Xenopus is being used to study a diverse array of disease with three main experimental approaches: cell-free egg extracts to study fundamental aspects of cellular and molecular biology, oocytes to study ion transport and channel physiology and embryo experiments focused on congenital diseases. We integrated these data into Xenbase Disease Pages to allow easy navigation to disease information on external databases. Results of this analysis will equip Xenopus researchers with a suite of experimental approaches available to model or dissect a pathological process. Ideally clinicians and basic researchers will use this information to foster collaborations necessary to interrogate the development and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi J Nenni
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Malcolm E Fisher
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christina James-Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Troy J Pells
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Virgilio Ponferrada
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stanley Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua D Fortriede
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kevin A Burns
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaneet S Lotay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dong Zhou Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erik Segerdell
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kamran Karimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter D Vize
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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16
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Thompson EL, Yeo JE, Lee EA, Kan Y, Raghunandan M, Wiek C, Hanenberg H, Schärer OD, Hendrickson EA, Sobeck A. FANCI and FANCD2 have common as well as independent functions during the cellular replication stress response. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11837-11857. [PMID: 29059323 PMCID: PMC5714191 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by cellular hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). To repair these lesions, the FA proteins act in a linear hierarchy: following ICL detection on chromatin, the FA core complex monoubiquitinates and recruits the central FANCI and FANCD2 proteins that subsequently coordinate ICL removal and repair of the ensuing DNA double-stranded break by homology-dependent repair (HDR). FANCD2 also functions during the replication stress response by mediating the restart of temporarily stalled replication forks thereby suppressing the firing of new replication origins. To address if FANCI is also involved in these FANCD2-dependent mechanisms, we generated isogenic FANCI-, FANCD2- and FANCI:FANCD2 double-null cells. We show that FANCI and FANCD2 are partially independent regarding their protein stability, nuclear localization and chromatin recruitment and contribute independently to cellular proliferation. Simultaneously, FANCD2—but not FANCI—plays a major role in HDR-mediated replication restart and in suppressing new origin firing. Consistent with this observation, deficiencies in HDR-mediated DNA DSB repair can be overcome by stabilizing RAD51 filament formation in cells lacking functional FANCD2. We propose that FANCI and FANCD2 have partially non-overlapping and possibly even opposing roles during the replication stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jung E Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Eun-A Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yinan Kan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maya Raghunandan
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Orlando D Schärer
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Eric A Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexandra Sobeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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17
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Moriel-Carretero M, Ovejero S, Gérus-Durand M, Vryzas D, Constantinou A. Fanconi anemia FANCD2 and FANCI proteins regulate the nuclear dynamics of splicing factors. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4007-4026. [PMID: 29030393 PMCID: PMC5716273 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Moriel-Carretero et al. show that the Fanconi anemia proteins FANCI and FANCD2 associate with the splicing factor SF3B1 and that DNA replication stress induces the FANCI-dependent release of SF3B1 from nuclear speckles. FANCI and FANCD2 prevent accumulation of postcatalytic intron lariats, suggesting that they help coordinate DNA replication and transcription. Proteins disabled in the cancer-prone disorder Fanconi anemia (FA) ensure the maintenance of chromosomal stability during DNA replication. FA proteins regulate replication dynamics, coordinate replication-coupled repair of interstrand DNA cross-links, and mitigate conflicts between replication and transcription. Here we show that FANCI and FANCD2 associate with splicing factor 3B1 (SF3B1), a key spliceosomal protein of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U2 snRNP). FANCI is in close proximity to SF3B1 in the nucleoplasm of interphase and mitotic cells. Furthermore, we find that DNA replication stress induces the release of SF3B1 from nuclear speckles in a manner that depends on FANCI and on the activity of the checkpoint kinase ATR. In chromatin, both FANCD2 and FANCI associate with SF3B1, prevent accumulation of postcatalytic intron lariats, and contribute to the timely eviction of splicing factors. We propose that FANCD2 and FANCI contribute to the organization of functional domains in chromatin, ensuring the coordination of DNA replication and cotranscriptional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Moriel-Carretero
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9002, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Ovejero
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9002, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Gérus-Durand
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9002, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dimos Vryzas
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9002, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Angelos Constantinou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9002, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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18
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Ishiai M, Sato K, Tomida J, Kitao H, Kurumizaka H, Takata M. Activation of the FA pathway mediated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Mutat Res 2017; 803-805:89-95. [PMID: 28552166 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a devastating hereditary condition that impacts genome integrity, leading to clinical features such as skeletal and visceral organ malformations, attrition of bone marrow stem cells, and carcinogenesis. At least 21 proteins, when absent or defective, have been implicated in this disorder, and they together constitute the FA pathway, which functions in detection and repair of, and tolerance to, endogenous DNA damage. The damage primarily handled by the FA pathway has been assumed to be related to DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). The FA pathway is activated upon ICL damage, and a hallmark of this activation is the mono-ubiquitination events of the key FANCD2-FANCI protein complex. Recent data have revealed unexpectedly complex details in the regulation of FA pathway activation by ICLs. In this short review, we summarize the knowledge accumulated over the years regarding how the FA pathway is activated via protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Ishiai
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Tomida
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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19
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A defined role for multiple Fanconi anemia gene products in DNA-damage-associated ubiquitination. Exp Hematol 2017; 50:27-32. [PMID: 28315701 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited blood disorder that causes bone marrow failure and high predisposition to cancers. The FA pathway guards the cell's genome stability by orchestrating the repair of interstrand cross-linking during the S phase of the cell cycle, preventing the chromosomal instability that is a key event in bone marrow failure syndrome. Central to the FA pathway is loss of monoubiquitinated forms of the Fanconi proteins FANCI and FANCD2, a process that is normally mediated by a "core complex" of seven other Fanconi proteins. Each protein, when mutated, can cause FA. The FA core-complex-catalyzed reaction is critical for signaling DNA cross-link damage such as that induced by chemotherapies. Here, we present a perspective on the current understanding of FANCI and FANCD2 monoubiquitination-mediated DNA repair. Our recent biochemical reconstitution of the monoubiquitination (and deubiquitination) reactions creates a paradigm for understanding FA. Further biochemical analysis will create new opportunities to address the leukemic phenotype of FA patients.
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20
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van Twest S, Murphy VJ, Hodson C, Tan W, Swuec P, O'Rourke JJ, Heierhorst J, Crismani W, Deans AJ. Mechanism of Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination in the Fanconi Anemia Pathway. Mol Cell 2016; 65:247-259. [PMID: 27986371 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoubiquitination and deubiquitination of FANCD2:FANCI heterodimer is central to DNA repair in a pathway that is defective in the cancer predisposition syndrome Fanconi anemia (FA). The "FA core complex" contains the RING-E3 ligase FANCL and seven other essential proteins that are mutated in various FA subtypes. Here, we purified recombinant FA core complex to reveal the function of these other proteins. The complex contains two spatially separate FANCL molecules that are dimerized by FANCB and FAAP100. FANCC and FANCE act as substrate receptors and restrict monoubiquitination to the FANCD2:FANCI heterodimer in only a DNA-bound form. FANCA and FANCG are dispensable for maximal in vitro ubiquitination. Finally, we show that the reversal of this reaction by the USP1:UAF1 deubiquitinase only occurs when DNA is disengaged. Our work reveals the mechanistic basis for temporal and spatial control of FANCD2:FANCI monoubiquitination that is critical for chemotherapy responses and prevention of Fanconi anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie van Twest
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Vincent J Murphy
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Charlotte Hodson
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Winnie Tan
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Health), The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paolo Swuec
- Architecture and Dynamics of Macromolecular Machines Laboratory, London Research Institute, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Julienne J O'Rourke
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Health), The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jörg Heierhorst
- Molecular Genetics Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Health), The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wayne Crismani
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Health), The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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21
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Zhang X, Hou W, Epperly MW, Rigatti L, Wang H, Franicola D, Sivanathan A, Greenberger JS. Evolution of malignant plasmacytoma cell lines from K14E7 Fancd2-/- mouse long-term bone marrow cultures. Oncotarget 2016; 7:68449-68472. [PMID: 27637088 PMCID: PMC5356567 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the effect of expression of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV E7) oncogene on hematopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) derived from K14E7 (FVB) Fancd2-/- (129/Sv), K14E7 Fancd2+/+, Fancd2-/-, and control (FVB X 129/Sv) Fl mice. K14E7 Fancd2-/- and Fancd2-/- LTBMCs showed decreased duration of production of total nonadherent hematopoietic cells and progenitors forming day 7 and day 14 multilineage CFU-GEMM colonies in secondary cultures (7 wks and 8 wks respectively) compared to cultures from K14E7 Fancd2+/+ (17 wks) or control mice (18 wks) p < 0.0001. Marrow stromal cell lines derived from both K14E7 Fancd2-/- and Fancd2-/- cultures were radiosensitive, as were IL-3 dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines derived from K14E7 Fancd2-/- cultures. In contrast, Fancd2-/- mouse hematopoietic progenitor cell lines and fresh marrow were radioresistant. K14E7 Fancd2-/- mouse freshly explanted bone marrow expressed no detectable K14 or E7; however, LTBMCs produced K14 positive factor-independent (FI) clonal malignant plasmacytoma forming cell lines in which E7 was detected in the nucleus with p53 and Rb. Transfection of an E6/E7 plasmid into Fancd2-/-, but not control Fancd2+/+ IL-3 dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines, increased cloning efficiency, cell growth, and induced malignant cell lines. Therefore, the altered radiobiology of hematopoietic progenitor cells and malignant transformation in vitro by K14E7 expression in cells of the Fancd2-/- genotype suggests a potential role of HPV in hematopoietic malignancies in FA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Lora Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Darcy Franicola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Aranee Sivanathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
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22
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Dubois ÉL, Béliveau M, Masson JY. [Fanconi anemia animal models - How differences can teach us as much as similarities…]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:598-605. [PMID: 27406770 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163206023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease with heterogenous phenotypes including myelosuppression, congenital malformations and heightened cancer predisposition. FA cells are highly sensitive to cross-linking agents. Since the 90's, at least 19 FANC proteins (FANCA to FANCT) have been identified as working together in a unique pathway detecting and triggering the repair of DNA crosslinks. Since then, the creation of animal models in various species (nematode, fruit fly, zebrafish and mouse) contributed to a better understanding of the physiopathology of the disease. This review aims to summarize the main discoveries made in these in vivo models, as well as to discuss some controversies that arose from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie L Dubois
- Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale, et pathologie et Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Canada - CRCHU de Québec, axe oncologie, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Mariline Béliveau
- Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale, et pathologie et Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Canada - CRCHU de Québec, axe oncologie, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale, et pathologie et Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Canada - CRCHU de Québec, axe oncologie, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
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23
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Barthelemy J, Hanenberg H, Leffak M. FANCJ is essential to maintain microsatellite structure genome-wide during replication stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:6803-16. [PMID: 27179029 PMCID: PMC5001596 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite DNAs that form non-B structures are implicated in replication fork stalling, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and human disease. Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder in which mutations in at least nineteen genes are responsible for the phenotypes of genome instability and cancer predisposition. FA pathway proteins are active in the resolution of non-B DNA structures including interstrand crosslinks, G quadruplexes and DNA triplexes. In FANCJ helicase depleted cells, we show that hydroxyurea or aphidicolin treatment leads to loss of microsatellite polymerase chain reaction signals and to chromosome recombination at an ectopic hairpin forming CTG/CAG repeat in the HeLa genome. Moreover, diverse endogenous microsatellite signals were also lost upon replication stress after FANCJ depletion, and in FANCJ null patient cells. The phenotype of microsatellite signal instability is specific for FANCJ apart from the intact FA pathway, and is consistent with DSBs at microsatellites genome-wide in FANCJ depleted cells following replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Barthelemy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Leffak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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24
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Ceccaldi R, Sarangi P, D'Andrea AD. The Fanconi anaemia pathway: new players and new functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:337-49. [PMID: 27145721 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anaemia pathway repairs DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) in the genome. Our understanding of this complex pathway is still evolving, as new components continue to be identified and new biochemical systems are used to elucidate the molecular steps of repair. The Fanconi anaemia pathway uses components of other known DNA repair processes to achieve proper repair of ICLs. Moreover, Fanconi anaemia proteins have functions in genome maintenance beyond their canonical roles of repairing ICLs. Such functions include the stabilization of replication forks and the regulation of cytokinesis. Thus, Fanconi anaemia proteins are emerging as master regulators of genomic integrity that coordinate several repair processes. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the functions of the Fanconi anaemia pathway in ICL repair, together with an overview of its connections with other repair pathways and its emerging roles in genome maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ceccaldi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Prabha Sarangi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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25
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Savaraj N, Wu C, Li YY, Wangpaichitr M, You M, Bomalaski J, He W, Kuo MT, Feun LG. Targeting argininosuccinate synthetase negative melanomas using combination of arginine degrading enzyme and cisplatin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6295-309. [PMID: 25749046 PMCID: PMC4467438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) expression in melanoma makes these tumor cells vulnerable to arginine deprivation. Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) which degrades arginine to citrulline and ammonia has been used clinically and partial responses and stable disease have been noted with minimal toxicity. In order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ADI-PEG20, we have combined ADI-PEG20 with a DNA damaging agent, cisplatin. We have shown that the combination of the two drugs together significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy when compared to ADI-PEG20 alone or cisplatin alone in 4 melanoma cell lines, regardless of their BRAF mutation. In-vivo study also exhibited the same effect as in-vitro with no added toxicity to either agent alone. The underlying mechanism is complex, but increased DNA damage upon arginine deprivation due to decreased DNA repair proteins, FANCD2, ATM, and CHK1/2 most likely leads to increased apoptosis. This action is further intensified by increased proapoptotic protein, NOXA, and decreased antiapoptotic proteins, SURVIVIN, BCL2 and XIAP. The autophagic process which protects cells from apoptosis upon ADI-PEG20 treatment also dampens upon cisplatin administration. Thus, the combination of arginine deprivation and cisplatin function in concert to kill tumor cells which do not express ASS without added toxicity to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niramol Savaraj
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Min You
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Wei He
- Polaris Group, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Macus Tien Kuo
- Departments of Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lynn G Feun
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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26
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Shinde A, Berhane H, Rhieu BH, Kalash R, Xu K, Goff J, Epperly MW, Franicola D, Zhang X, Dixon T, Shields D, Wang H, Wipf P, Parmar K, Guinan E, Kagan V, Tyurin V, Ferris RL, Zhang X, Li S, Greenberger JS. Intraoral Mitochondrial-Targeted GS-Nitroxide, JP4-039, Radioprotects Normal Tissue in Tumor-Bearing Radiosensitive Fancd2(-/-) (C57BL/6) Mice. Radiat Res 2016; 185:134-50. [PMID: 26789701 DOI: 10.1667/rr14035.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated normal tissue specific radioprotection of the oral cavity in radiosensitive Fanconi Anemia (FA) Fancd2(-/-) mice with orally established tumors using mitochondrial-targeted GS-nitroxide (JP4-039). Adult (10-12 weeks old) Fancd2(+/+), Fancd2(+/-) and Fancd2(-/-) mice (C57BL/6 background) and subgroups with orally established TC-1 epithelial cell tumors received a single fraction of 28 Gy or four daily fractions of 8 Gy to the head and neck. Subgroups received JP4-039 in F15 emulsion (F15/JP4-039; 0.4 mg/mouse), 4-amino-Tempo in F15 emulsion (F15/4-amino-Tempo; 0.2 mg/mouse) or F15 emulsion alone prior to each irradiation. Oral mucosa of Fancd2(-/-) mice showed baseline elevated RNA transcripts for Sod2, p53, p21 and Rad51 (all P < 0.0012) and suppressed levels of Nfkb and Tgfb, (all P < 0.0020) compared with Fancd2(+/+) mice. The oral mucosa in tumor-bearing mice of all genotypes showed decreased levels of p53 and elevated Tgfb and Gadd45a (P ≤ 0.0001 for all three genotypes). Intraoral F15/JP4-039, but not F15/4-amino-Tempo, modulated radiation-induced normal tissue transcript elevation, ameliorated mucosal ulceration and reduced the depletion of antioxidant stores in oral cavity tissue of all genotypes, but did not radioprotect tumors. Mitochondrial targeting makes F15/JP4-039 an effective normal tissue radioprotector for Fancd2(-/-) mice, as well as wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Shinde
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Hebist Berhane
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Byung Han Rhieu
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ronny Kalash
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Karen Xu
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Julie Goff
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Michael W Epperly
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Darcy Franicola
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Xichen Zhang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Tracy Dixon
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Donna Shields
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Hong Wang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | | | - Kalindi Parmar
- b Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Departments of
| | - Eva Guinan
- b Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Departments of
| | | | | | | | - Xiaolan Zhang
- f School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Song Li
- f School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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27
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Clark DW, Tripathi K, Dorsman JC, Palle K. FANCJ protein is important for the stability of FANCD2/FANCI proteins and protects them from proteasome and caspase-3 dependent degradation. Oncotarget 2015; 6:28816-32. [PMID: 26336824 PMCID: PMC4745694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genome instability syndrome with progressive bone marrow failure and cancer susceptibility. FANCJ is one of 17 genes mutated in FA-patients, comprises a DNA helicase that is vital for properly maintaining genomic stability and is known to function in the FA-BRCA DNA repair pathway. While exact role(s) of FANCJ in this repair process is yet to be determined, it is known to interact with primary effector FANCD2. However, FANCJ is not required for FANCD2 activation but is important for its ability to fully respond to DNA damage. In this report, we determined that transient depletion of FANCJ adversely affects stability of FANCD2 and its co-regulator FANCI in multiple cell lines. Loss of FANCJ does not significantly alter cell cycle progression or FANCD2 transcription. However, in the absence of FANCJ, the majority of FANCD2 is degraded by both the proteasome and Caspase-3 dependent mechanism. FANCJ is capable of complexing with and stabilizing FANCD2 even in the absence of a functional helicase domain. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that FANCJ is important for FANCD2 stability and proper activation of DNA damage responses to replication blocks induced by hydroxyurea.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Clark
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Josephine C. Dorsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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28
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Castella M, Jacquemont C, Thompson EL, Yeo JE, Cheung RS, Huang JW, Sobeck A, Hendrickson EA, Taniguchi T. FANCI Regulates Recruitment of the FA Core Complex at Sites of DNA Damage Independently of FANCD2. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005563. [PMID: 26430909 PMCID: PMC4592014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA)-BRCA pathway mediates repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks. The FA core complex, a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, participates in the detection of DNA lesions and monoubiquitinates two downstream FA proteins, FANCD2 and FANCI (or the ID complex). However, the regulation of the FA core complex itself is poorly understood. Here we show that the FA core complex proteins are recruited to sites of DNA damage and form nuclear foci in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. ATR kinase activity, an intact FA core complex and FANCM-FAAP24 were crucial for this recruitment. Surprisingly, FANCI, but not its partner FANCD2, was needed for efficient FA core complex foci formation. Monoubiquitination or ATR-dependent phosphorylation of FANCI were not required for the FA core complex recruitment, but FANCI deubiquitination by USP1 was. Additionally, BRCA1 was required for efficient FA core complex foci formation. These findings indicate that FANCI functions upstream of FA core complex recruitment independently of FANCD2, and alter the current view of the FA-BRCA pathway. Fanconi anemia is a genetic disease characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital malformations and cancer predisposition. Cells derived from Fanconi anemia patients have a dysfunctional FA-BRCA pathway and are deficient in the repair of a specific form of DNA damage, DNA interstrand-crosslinks, that are induced by certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, the study of FA-BRCA pathway regulation is essential for developing new treatments for Fanconi anemia patients and cancer patients in general. One of the first steps in the pathway is the detection of DNA lesions by the FA core complex. We have optimized a method to visualize the recruitment of the FA core complex to sites of DNA damage and, for the first time, explored how this process occurs. We have uncovered several factors that are required for this recruitment. Among them is a FA core complex substrate, FANCI. We report that non-phosphorylated FANCI, previously believed to be an inactive form, has an important role in the recruitment of the FA core complex and DNA interstrand-crosslink repair. Our findings change the current view of the FA-BRCA pathway and have implications for potential clinical strategies aimed at activating or inhibiting the FA-BRCA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Castella
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Celine Jacquemont
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Thompson
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Department, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jung Eun Yeo
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Department, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ronald S. Cheung
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jen-Wei Huang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Sobeck
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Department, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Hendrickson
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Department, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Toshiyasu Taniguchi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Zhang P, Sridharan D, Lambert MW. Nuclear α Spectrin Differentially Affects Monoubiquitinated Versus Non-Ubiquitinated FANCD2 Function After DNA Interstrand Cross-Link Damage. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:671-83. [PMID: 26297932 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonerythroid α spectrin (αIISp) and the Fanconi anemia (FA) protein, FANCD2, play critical roles in DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair during S phase. Both are needed for recruitment of repair proteins, such as XPF, to sites of damage and repair of ICLs. However, the relationship between them in ICL repair and whether αIISp is involved in FANCD2's function in repair is unclear. The present studies show that, after ICL formation, FANCD2 disassociates from αIISp and localizes, before αIISp, at sites of damage in nuclear foci. αIISp and FANCD2 foci do not co-localize, in contrast to our previous finding that αIISp and the ICL repair protein, XPF, co-localize and follow a similar time course for formation. Knock-down of αIISp has no effect on monoubiquitination of FANCD2 (FANCD2-Ub) or its localization to chromatin or foci, though it leads to decreased ICL repair. Studies using cells from FA patients, defective in ICL repair and αIISp, have elucidated an important role for αIISp in the function of non-Ub FANCD2. In FA complementation group A (FA-A) cells, in which FANCD2 is not monoubiquitinated and does not form damage-induced foci, we demonstrate that restoration of αIISp levels to normal, by knocking down the protease μ-calpain, leads to formation of non-Ub FANCD2 foci after ICL damage. Since restoration of αIISp levels in FA-A cells restores DNA repair and cell survival, we propose that αIISp is critical for recruitment of non-Ub FANCD2 to sites of damage, which has an important role in the repair response and ICL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
| | - Deepa Sridharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
| | - Muriel W Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
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30
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive genetic disease characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure and heightened cancer susceptibility in early adulthood. FA is caused by biallelic germ-line mutation of any one of 16 genes. While several functions for the FA proteins have been ascribed, the prevailing hypothesis is that the FA proteins function cooperatively in the FA-BRCA pathway to repair damaged DNA. A pivotal step in the activation of the FA-BRCA pathway is the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 and FANCI proteins. Despite their importance for DNA repair, the domain structure, regulation, and function of FANCD2 and FANCI remain poorly understood. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of FANCD2 and FANCI, with an emphasis on their posttranslational modification and common and unique functions.
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Key Words
- AML , acute myeloid leukemia
- APC/C, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome
- APH, aphidicolin
- ARM, armadillo repeat domain
- AT, ataxia-telangiectasia
- ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
- ATR, ATM and Rad3-related
- BAC, bacterial-artificial-chromosome
- BS, Bloom syndrome
- CUE, coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to endoplasmic reticulum degradation
- ChIP-seq, CHIP sequencing
- CtBP, C-terminal binding protein
- CtIP, CtBP-interacting protein
- DNA interstrand crosslink repair
- DNA repair
- EPS15, epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15
- FA, Fanconi anemia
- FAN1, FANCD2-associated nuclease1
- FANCD2
- FANCI
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization
- Fanconi anemia
- HECT, homologous to E6-AP Carboxy Terminus
- HJ, Holliday junction
- HR, homologous recombination
- MCM2-MCM7, minichromosome maintenance 2–7
- MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts
- MMC, mitomycin C
- MRN, MRE11/RAD50/NBS1
- NLS, nuclear localization signal
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PIKK, phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase-like family of protein kinases
- PIP-box, PCNA-interacting protein motif
- POL κ, DNA polymerase κ
- RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- RING, really interesting new gene
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- SCF, Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein complex
- SCKL1, seckel syndrome
- SILAC, stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture
- SLD1/SLD2, SUMO-like domains
- SLIM, SUMO-like domain interacting motif
- TIP60, 60 kDa Tat-interactive protein
- TLS, Translesion DNA synthesis
- UAF1, USP1-associated factor 1
- UBD, ubiquitin-binding domain
- UBZ, ubiquitin-binding zinc finger
- UFB, ultra-fine DNA bridges
- UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif
- ULD, ubiquitin-like domain
- USP1, ubiquitin-specific protease 1
- VRR-nuc, virus-type replication repair nuclease
- iPOND, isolation of proteins on nascent DNA
- ubiquitin
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Boisvert
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology ; University of Rhode Island ; Kingston , RI USA
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31
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Analysis of a FANCE Splice Isoform in Regard to DNA Repair. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3056-73. [PMID: 26277624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The FANC-BRCA DNA repair pathway is activated in response to interstrand crosslinks formed in DNA. A homozygous mutation in 1 of the 17 Fanconi anemia (FA) genes results in malfunctions of this pathway and development of FA syndrome. The integrity of this protein network is essential for good maintenance of DNA repair process and genome stability. Following the identification of an alternatively splice isoform of FANCE (Fanconi anemia complementation group E) significantly expressed in breast cancer individuals from high-risk non-BRCA1/2 families, we studied the impact of this FANCE splice isoform (FANCEΔ4) on DNA repair processes. We have demonstrated that FANCEΔ4 mRNA was efficiently translated into a functional protein and expressed in normal and breast cancer cell lines. Following treatment with the crosslinking agent mitomycin C, EUFA130 (FANCE-deficient) cells infected with FANCEΔ4 were blocked into G2/M phase, while cell survival was significantly reduced compared with FANCE-infected EUFA130 cells. In addition, FANCEΔ4 did not allow FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitination, which represents a crucial step of the FANC-BRCA functional pathway. As observed for FANCE wild-type protein, localization of FANCEΔ4 protein was confined to the nucleus following mitomycin C treatment. Although FANCEΔ4 protein showed interaction with FANCE, FANCEΔ4 did not support normal function of FANCE protein in this pathway and could have deleterious effects on FANCE protein activity. We have demonstrated that FANCEΔ4 seems to act as a regulator of FANCD2 protein expression level by promoting its degradation. This study highlights the importance of an efficient regulation of alternative splicing expression of FA genes for proper DNA repair.
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32
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Abstract
Insults to nuclear DNA induce multiple response pathways to mitigate the deleterious effects of damage and mediate effective DNA repair. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 2 (GIT2) regulates receptor internalization, focal adhesion dynamics, cell migration, and responses to oxidative stress. Here we demonstrate that GIT2 coordinates the levels of proteins in the DNA damage response (DDR). Cellular sensitivity to irradiation-induced DNA damage was highly associated with GIT2 expression levels. GIT2 is phosphorylated by ATM kinase and forms complexes with multiple DDR-associated factors in response to DNA damage. The targeting of GIT2 to DNA double-strand breaks was rapid and, in part, dependent upon the presence of H2AX, ATM, and MRE11 but was independent of MDC1 and RNF8. GIT2 likely promotes DNA repair through multiple mechanisms, including stabilization of BRCA1 in repair complexes; upregulation of repair proteins, including HMGN1 and RFC1; and regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. Furthermore, GIT2-knockout mice demonstrated a greater susceptibility to DNA damage than their wild-type littermates. These results suggest that GIT2 plays an important role in MRE11/ATM/H2AX-mediated DNA damage responses.
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Kim TM, Son MY, Dodds S, Hu L, Luo G, Hasty P. RECQL5 and BLM exhibit divergent functions in cells defective for the Fanconi anemia pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:893-903. [PMID: 25520194 PMCID: PMC4333386 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients exhibit bone marrow failure, developmental defects and cancer. The FA pathway maintains chromosomal stability in concert with replication fork maintenance and DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathways including RAD51-mediated homologous recombination (HR). RAD51 is a recombinase that maintains replication forks and repairs DSBs, but also rearranges chromosomes. Two RecQ helicases, RECQL5 and Bloom syndrome mutated (BLM) suppress HR through nonredundant mechanisms. Here we test the impact deletion of RECQL5 and BLM has on mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells deleted for FANCB, a member of the FA core complex. We show that RECQL5, but not BLM, conferred resistance to mitomycin C (MMC, an interstrand crosslinker) and camptothecin (CPT, a type 1 topoisomerase inhibitor) in FANCB-defective cells. RECQL5 suppressed, while BLM caused, breaks and radials in FANCB-deleted cells exposed to CPT or MMC, respectively. RECQL5 protected the nascent replication strand from MRE11-mediated degradation and restarted stressed replication forks in a manner additive to FANCB. By contrast BLM restarted, but did not protect, replication forks in a manner epistatic to FANCB. RECQL5 also lowered RAD51 levels in FANCB-deleted cells at stressed replication sites implicating a rearrangement avoidance mechanism. Thus, RECQL5 and BLM impact FANCB-defective cells differently in response to replication stress with relevance to chemotherapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Moon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Mi Young Son
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Sherry Dodds
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Lingchuan Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, BRB-720, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paul Hasty
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
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FANCD2-controlled chromatin access of the Fanconi-associated nuclease FAN1 is crucial for the recovery of stalled replication forks. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3939-54. [PMID: 25135477 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00457-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by cellular hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). Within the FA pathway, an upstream core complex monoubiquitinates and recruits the FANCD2 protein to ICLs on chromatin. Ensuing DNA repair involves the Fanconi-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1), which interacts selectively with monoubiquitinated FANCD2 (FANCD2(Ub)) at ICLs. Importantly, FANCD2 has additional independent functions: it binds chromatin and coordinates the restart of aphidicolin (APH)-stalled replication forks in concert with the BLM helicase, while protecting forks from nucleolytic degradation by MRE11. We identified FAN1 as a new crucial replication fork recovery factor. FAN1 joins the BLM-FANCD2 complex following APH-mediated fork stalling in a manner dependent on MRE11 and FANCD2, followed by FAN1 nuclease-mediated fork restart. Surprisingly, APH-induced activation and chromatin recruitment of FAN1 occur independently of the FA core complex or the FAN1 UBZ domain, indicating that the FANCD2(Ub) isoform is dispensable for functional FANCD2-FAN1 cross talk during stalled fork recovery. In the absence of FANCD2, MRE11 exonuclease-promoted access of FAN1 to stalled forks results in severe FAN1-mediated nucleolytic degradation of nascent DNA strands. Thus, FAN1 nuclease activity at stalled replication forks requires tight regulation: too little inhibits fork restart, whereas too much causes fork degradation.
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Rajendra E, Oestergaard VH, Langevin F, Wang M, Dornan GL, Patel KJ, Passmore LA. The genetic and biochemical basis of FANCD2 monoubiquitination. Mol Cell 2014; 54:858-69. [PMID: 24905007 PMCID: PMC4051986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by cellular sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinkers. The molecular defect in FA is an impaired DNA repair pathway. The critical event in activating this pathway is monoubiquitination of FANCD2. In vivo, a multisubunit FA core complex catalyzes this step, but its mechanism is unclear. Here, we report purification of a native avian FA core complex and biochemical reconstitution of FANCD2 monoubiquitination. This demonstrates that the catalytic FANCL E3 ligase subunit must be embedded within the complex for maximal activity and site specificity. We genetically and biochemically define a minimal subcomplex comprising just three proteins (FANCB, FANCL, and FAAP100) that functions as the monoubiquitination module. Residual FANCD2 monoubiquitination activity is retained in cells defective for other FA core complex subunits. This work describes the in vitro reconstitution and characterization of this multisubunit monoubiquitin E3 ligase, providing key insight into the conserved FA DNA repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeson Rajendra
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Vibe H Oestergaard
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Frédéric Langevin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Meng Wang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Gillian L Dornan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ketan J Patel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Department of Medicine, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Lori A Passmore
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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Longerich S, Kwon Y, Tsai MS, Hlaing AS, Kupfer GM, Sung P. Regulation of FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitination by their interaction and by DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:5657-70. [PMID: 24623813 PMCID: PMC4027212 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FANCD2 and FANCI function together in the Fanconi anemia network of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) crosslink repair. These proteins form the dimeric ID2 complex that binds DNA and becomes monoubiquitinated upon exposure of cells to DNA crosslinking agents. The monoubiquitinated ID2 complex is thought to facilitate DNA repair via recruitment of specific nucleases, translesion DNA polymerases and the homologous recombination machinery. Using the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) UBE2T and ubiquitin ligase (E3) FANCL, monoubiquitination of human FANCD2 and FANCI was examined. The ID2 complex is a poor substrate for monoubiquitination, consistent with the published crystal structure showing the solvent inaccessibility of the target lysines. Importantly, FANCD2 monoubiquitination within the ID2 complex is strongly stimulated by duplex or branched DNA, but unstructured single-stranded DNA or chromatinized DNA is ineffective. Interaction of FANCL with the ID2 complex is indispensable for its E3 ligase efficacy. Interestingly, mutations in FANCI that impair its DNA binding activity compromise DNA-stimulated FANCD2 monoubiquitination. Moreover, we demonstrate that in the absence of FANCD2, DNA also stimulates FANCI monoubiquitination, but in a FANCL-independent manner. These results implicate the role of a proper DNA ligand in FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitination, and reveal regulatory mechanisms that are dependent on protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonne Longerich
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Miaw-Sheue Tsai
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aye Su Hlaing
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gary M Kupfer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Polito D, Cukras S, Wang X, Spence P, Moreau L, D'Andrea AD, Kee Y. The carboxyl terminus of FANCE recruits FANCD2 to the Fanconi Anemia (FA) E3 ligase complex to promote the FA DNA repair pathway. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7003-7010. [PMID: 24451376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.533976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genome instability syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure and cellular hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents. In response to DNA damage, the FA pathway is activated through the cooperation of 16 FA proteins. A central player in the pathway is a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase complex or the FA core complex, which monoubiquitinates its substrates FANCD2 and FANCI. FANCE, a subunit of the FA core complex, plays an essential role by promoting the integrity of the complex and by directly recognizing FANCD2. To delineate its role in substrate ubiquitination from the core complex assembly, we analyzed a series of mutations within FANCE. We report that a phenylalanine located at the highly conserved extreme C terminus, referred to as Phe-522, is a critical residue for mediating the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2-FANCI complex. Using the FANCE mutant that specifically disrupts the FANCE-FANCD2 interaction as a tool, we found that the interaction-deficient mutant conferred cellular sensitivity in reconstituted FANCE-deficient cells to a similar degree as FANCE null cells, suggesting the significance of the FANCE-FANCD2 interaction in promoting cisplatin resistance. Intriguingly, ectopic expression of the FANCE C terminus fragment alone in FA normal cells disrupts DNA repair, consolidating the importance of the FANCE-FANCD2 interaction in the DNA cross-link repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polito
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Scott Cukras
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Paige Spence
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Lisa Moreau
- Cytogenetics Core Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Younghoon Kee
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620.
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Walden H, Deans AJ. The Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway: structural and functional insights into a complex disorder. Annu Rev Biophys 2014; 43:257-78. [PMID: 24773018 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-051013-022737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in any of at least sixteen FANC genes (FANCA-Q) cause Fanconi anemia, a disorder characterized by sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinking agents. The clinical features of cytopenia, developmental defects, and tumor predisposition are similar in each group, suggesting that the gene products participate in a common pathway. The Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway consists of an anchor complex that recognizes damage caused by interstrand crosslinks, a multisubunit ubiquitin ligase that monoubiquitinates two substrates, and several downstream repair proteins including nucleases and homologous recombination enzymes. We review progress in the use of structural and biochemical approaches to understanding how each FANC protein functions in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Walden
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom;
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Kim K, Park SJ, Na S, Kim JS, Choi H, Kim YK, Paek E, Lee C. Reinvestigation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase core complex by affinity purification-mass spectrometry reveals TARSL2 as a potential member of the complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81734. [PMID: 24312579 PMCID: PMC3846882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) link each amino acid to their cognate tRNAs. Individual ARSs are also associated with various non-canonical activities involved in neuronal diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Among them, eight ARSs (D, EP, I, K, L, M, Q and RARS), together with three ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs), are currently known to assemble the multi-synthetase complex (MSC). However, the cellular function and global topology of MSC remain unclear. In order to understand the complex interaction within MSC, we conducted affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) using each of AIMP1, AIMP2 and KARS as a bait protein. Mass spectrometric data were funneled into SAINT software to distinguish true interactions from background contaminants. A total of 40, 134, 101 proteins in each bait scored over 0.9 of SAINT probability in HEK 293T cells. Complex-forming ARSs, such as DARS, EPRS, IARS, Kars, LARS, MARS, QARS and RARS, were constantly found to interact with each bait. Variants such as, AIMP2-DX2 and AIMP1 isoform 2 were found with specific peptides in KARS precipitates. Relative enrichment analysis of the mass spectrometric data demonstrated that TARSL2 (threonyl-tRNA synthetase like-2) was highly enriched with the ARS-core complex. The interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of TARSL2 with other ARS core-complex components. We suggest TARSL2 as a new component of ARS core-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyutae Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjin Na
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunok Paek
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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40
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Boisvert RA, Rego MA, Azzinaro PA, Mauro M, Howlett NG. Coordinate nuclear targeting of the FANCD2 and FANCI proteins via a FANCD2 nuclear localization signal. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81387. [PMID: 24278431 PMCID: PMC3836817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive disease, characterized by congenital defects, bone marrow failure, and increased cancer susceptibility. FA is caused by biallelic mutation of any one of sixteen genes. The protein products of these genes function cooperatively in the FA-BRCA pathway to repair DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). A central step in the activation of this pathway is the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 and FANCI proteins. Monoubiquitinated FANCD2 and FANCI localize to discrete chromatin regions where they function in ICL repair. Despite their critical role in ICL repair, very little is known about the structure, function, and regulation of the FANCD2 and FANCI proteins, or how they are targeted to the nucleus and chromatin. In this study, we describe the functional characterization of an amino-terminal FANCD2 nuclear localization signal (NLS). We demonstrate that the amino terminal 58 amino acids of FANCD2 can promote the nuclear expression of GFP and is necessary for the nuclear localization of FANCD2. Importantly, mutation of this FANCD2 NLS reveals that intact FANCD2 is required for the nuclear localization of a subset of FANCI. In addition, the NLS is necessary for the efficient monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI and, consequently, for their localization to chromatin. As a result, FANCD2 NLS mutants fail to rescue the ICL sensitivity of FA-D2 patient cells. Our studies yield important insight into the domain structure of the poorly characterized FANCD2 protein, and reveal a previously unknown mechanism for the coordinate nuclear import of a subset of FANCD2 and FANCI, a key early step in the cellular ICL response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Boisvert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
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Zou J, Tian F, Li J, Pickner W, Long M, Rezvani K, Wang H, Zhang D. FancJ regulates interstrand crosslinker induced centrosome amplification through the activation of polo-like kinase 1. Biol Open 2013; 2:1022-31. [PMID: 24167712 PMCID: PMC3798185 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20135801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) and the centrosome cycle are two of the most critical processes for maintaining a stable genome in animals. Sporadic evidence suggests a connection between these two processes. Here, we report our findings that six Fanconi Anemia (FA) proteins, including FancI and FancJ, localize to the centrosome. Intriguingly, we found that the localization of FancJ to the mother centrosome is stimulated by a DNA interstrand crosslinker, Mitomycin C (MMC). We further show that, in addition to its role in interstrand crosslinking (ICL) repair, FancJ also regulates the normal centrosome cycle as well as ICL induced centrosome amplification by activating the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). We have uncovered a novel function of FancJ in centrosome biogenesis and established centrosome amplification as an integral part of the ICL response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Zou
- Basic Biomedical Science Division, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota , Vermillion, South Dakota, 57069 , USA
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42
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Tomida J, Itaya A, Shigechi T, Unno J, Uchida E, Ikura M, Masuda Y, Matsuda S, Adachi J, Kobayashi M, Meetei AR, Maehara Y, Yamamoto KI, Kamiya K, Matsuura A, Matsuda T, Ikura T, Ishiai M, Takata M. A novel interplay between the Fanconi anemia core complex and ATR-ATRIP kinase during DNA cross-link repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6930-41. [PMID: 23723247 PMCID: PMC3737553 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When DNA replication is stalled at sites of DNA damage, a cascade of responses is activated in the cell to halt cell cycle progression and promote DNA repair. A pathway initiated by the kinase Ataxia teleangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) and its partner ATR interacting protein (ATRIP) plays an important role in this response. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is also activated following genomic stress, and defects in this pathway cause a cancer-prone hematologic disorder in humans. Little is known about how these two pathways are coordinated. We report here that following cellular exposure to DNA cross-linking damage, the FA core complex enhances binding and localization of ATRIP within damaged chromatin. In cells lacking the core complex, ATR-mediated phosphorylation of two functional response targets, ATRIP and FANCI, is defective. We also provide evidence that the canonical ATR activation pathway involving RAD17 and TOPBP1 is largely dispensable for the FA pathway activation. Indeed DT40 mutant cells lacking both RAD17 and FANCD2 were synergistically more sensitive to cisplatin compared with either single mutant. Collectively, these data reveal new aspects of the interplay between regulation of ATR-ATRIP kinase and activation of the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Tomida
- Department of Late Effects Studies, Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
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Chaudhury I, Sareen A, Raghunandan M, Sobeck A. FANCD2 regulates BLM complex functions independently of FANCI to promote replication fork recovery. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6444-59. [PMID: 23658231 PMCID: PMC3711430 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) and Bloom Syndrome share overlapping phenotypes including spontaneous chromosomal abnormalities and increased cancer predisposition. The FA protein pathway comprises an upstream core complex that mediates recruitment of two central players, FANCD2 and FANCI, to sites of stalled replication forks. Successful fork recovery depends on the Bloom’s helicase BLM that participates in a larger protein complex (‘BLMcx’) containing topoisomerase III alpha, RMI1, RMI2 and replication protein A. We show that FANCD2 is an essential regulator of BLMcx functions: it maintains BLM protein stability and is crucial for complete BLMcx assembly; moreover, it recruits BLMcx to replicating chromatin during normal S-phase and mediates phosphorylation of BLMcx members in response to DNA damage. During replication stress, FANCD2 and BLM cooperate to promote restart of stalled replication forks while suppressing firing of new replication origins. In contrast, FANCI is dispensable for FANCD2-dependent BLMcx regulation, demonstrating functional separation of FANCD2 from FANCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Chaudhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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