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Wang F, Zhou C, Zhu Y, Keshavarzi M. The microRNA Let-7 and its exosomal form: Epigenetic regulators of gynecological cancers. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:42. [PMID: 38836981 PMCID: PMC11153289 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Many types of gynecological cancer (GC) are often silent until they reach an advanced stage, and are therefore often diagnosed too late for effective treatment. Hence, there is a real need for more efficient diagnosis and treatment for patients with GC. During recent years, researchers have increasingly studied the impact of microRNAs cancer development, leading to a number of applications in detection and treatment. MicroRNAs are a particular group of tiny RNA molecules that regulate regular gene expression by affecting the translation process. The downregulation of numerous miRNAs has been observed in human malignancies. Let-7 is an example of a miRNA that controls cellular processes as well as signaling cascades to affect post-transcriptional gene expression. Recent research supports the hypothesis that enhancing let-7 expression in those cancers where it is downregulated may be a potential treatment option. Exosomes are tiny vesicles that move through body fluids and can include components like miRNAs (including let-7) that are important for communication between cells. Studies proved that exosomes are able to enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, metastasis, and immune evasion, thus suggesting their importance in GC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Haiyan People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, 314300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chundi Zhou
- Haiyan People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, 314300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Haiyan People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, 314300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Maryam Keshavarzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Yang H, Wang W, Liu H, Zhang C, Cao Y, Long L, Han X, Wang Y, Yan F, Li G, Zhu M, Jin L, Fan Z. miR615-3p inhibited FBLN1 and osteogenic differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by associated with YTHDF2 in a m 6A-miRNA interaction manner. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13607. [PMID: 38353178 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role and mechanism of FBLN1 in the osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration by using umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (WJCMSCs). We found that FBLN1 promoted osteogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs and WJCMSC-mediated bone regeneration. It was showed that there was an m6A methylation site in 3'UTR of FBLN1 mRNA, and the mutation of the m6A site enhanced the stability of FBLN1 mRNA, subsequently fostering the FBLN1 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs. YTHDF2 was identified as capable of recognizing and binding to the m6A site, consequently inducing FBLN1 instability and repressed the osteogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs. Meanwhile, miR-615-3p negatively regulated FBLN1 by binding FBLN1 3'UTR and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs and WJCMSC-mediated bone regeneration. Then, we discovered miR-615-3p was found to regulate the functions of FBLN1 facilitated by YTHDF2 through an m6A-miRNA regulation mechanism. We demonstrated that FBLN1 is critical for regulating the osteogenic differentiation potentials of WJCMSCs and have identified that miR615-3p mediated the decay of FBLN1 mRNA which facilitated by m6A reading protein YTHDF2. This provided a novel m6A-miRNA epigenetic regulatory pattern for MSC regulation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lujue Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Luyuan Jin
- Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Najibi K, Moghanibashi M, Naeimi S. Association of deletion polymorphism rs10573247 in the HMGA2 gene with the risk of breast cancer: bioinformatic and experimental analyses. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:142. [PMID: 38802807 PMCID: PMC11131319 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) gene is expressed extensively during early embryonic development but is inactivated in adulthood, and it is also reactivated in various benign and malignant tumors, including breast cancer. We first assessed the potential functional significance of the unstudied deletion polymorphism rs10573247 at the 3'UTR of HMGA2 on miRNA binding using bioinformatic tools, and subsequently, the association between this polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied the RNAhybrid tool to predict the functional effects of polymorphism rs10573247 located within the 3' UTR of the HMGA2 gene on miRNA binding. Then, following DNA extraction, 141 breast cancer patients and 123 healthy controls were genotyped for polymorphism rs10573247 using RFLP-PCR with the restriction enzyme Eam1104I. RESULTS Our bioinformatic data have shown that polymorphism rs10573247 is located in the region that serves as a potential target site for eight miRNAs binding. Among them, miR-3125 exhibited decreased binding affinity for the allele delTT (MFE = -21.8) when compared to the allele TT (MFE = -23.9), but miR-4476 increased binding affinity for the allele delTT (MFE = -22.4) compared to the allele TT (MFE = -22.2). In addition, our results showed that the genotype TT/delTT (p = 0.005) and the genotype delTT/delTT (p = 0.029) were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer compared to the genotype TT/TT using RFLP-PCR. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that polymorphism rs10573247 may contribute to the risk of breast cancer through the functional effect of this polymorphism on miRNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoom Najibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moghanibashi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 73135-168, Kazerun, Iran.
| | - Sirous Naeimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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4
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Pastori V, Zambanini G, Citterio E, Weiss T, Nakamura Y, Cantù C, Ronchi AE. Transcriptional repression of the oncofetal LIN28B gene by the transcription factor SOX6. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10287. [PMID: 38704454 PMCID: PMC11069503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of regulatory networks contributing to fetal/adult gene expression switches is a major challenge in developmental biology and key to understand the aberrant proliferation of cancer cells, which often reactivate fetal oncogenes. One key example is represented by the developmental gene LIN28B, whose aberrant reactivation in adult tissues promotes tumor initiation and progression. Despite the prominent role of LIN28B in development and cancer, the mechanisms of its transcriptional regulation are largely unknown. Here, by using quantitative RT-PCR and single cell RNA sequencing data, we show that in erythropoiesis the expression of the transcription factor SOX6 matched a sharp decline of LIN28B mRNA during human embryo/fetal to adult globin switching. SOX6 overexpression repressed LIN28B not only in a panel of fetal-like erythroid cells (K562, HEL and HUDEP1; ≈92% p < 0.0001, 54% p = 0.0009 and ≈60% p < 0.0001 reduction, respectively), but also in hepatoblastoma HepG2 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5H cells (≈99% p < 0.0001 and ≈59% p < 0.0001 reduction, respectively). SOX6-mediated repression caused downregulation of the LIN28B/Let-7 targets, including MYC and IGF2BP1, and rapidly blocks cell proliferation. Mechanistically, Lin28B repression is accompanied by SOX6 physical binding within its locus, suggesting a direct mechanism of LIN28B downregulation that might contribute to the fetal/adult erythropoietic transition and restrict cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pastori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Zambanini
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Genetik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Citterio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tamina Weiss
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Antonella Ellena Ronchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Wedler A, Bley N, Glaß M, Müller S, Rausch A, Lederer M, Urbainski J, Schian L, Obika KB, Simon T, Peters L, Misiak C, Fuchs T, Köhn M, Jacob R, Gutschner T, Ihling C, Sinz A, Hüttelmaier S. RAVER1 hinders lethal EMT and modulates miR/RISC activity by the control of alternative splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3971-3988. [PMID: 38300787 PMCID: PMC11039986 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The RAVER1 protein serves as a co-factor in guiding the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP)-dependent control of alternative splicing (AS). Whether RAVER1 solely acts in concert with PTBPs and how it affects cancer cell fate remained elusive. Here, we provide the first comprehensive investigation of RAVER1-controlled AS in cancer cell models. This reveals a pro-oncogenic role of RAVER1 in modulating tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). Splicing analyses and protein-association studies indicate that RAVER1 guides AS in association with other splicing regulators, including PTBPs and SRSFs. In cancer cells, one major function of RAVER1 is the stimulation of proliferation and restriction of apoptosis. This involves the modulation of AS events within the miR/RISC pathway. Disturbance of RAVER1 impairs miR/RISC activity resulting in severely deregulated gene expression, which promotes lethal TGFB-driven EMT. Among others, RAVER1-modulated splicing events affect the insertion of protein interaction modules in factors guiding miR/RISC-dependent gene silencing. Most prominently, in all three human TNRC6 proteins, RAVER1 controls AS of GW-enriched motifs, which are essential for AGO2-binding and the formation of active miR/RISC complexes. We propose, that RAVER1 is a key modulator of AS events in the miR/RISC pathway ensuring proper abundance and composition of miR/RISC effectors. This ensures balanced expression of TGFB signaling effectors and limits TGFB induced lethal EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wedler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Rausch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Urbainski
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laura Schian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kingsley-Benjamin Obika
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Theresa Simon
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lara Meret Peters
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tommy Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcel Köhn
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Roland Jacob
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Welsh AM, Muljo SA. Post-transcriptional (re)programming of B lymphocyte development: From bench to bedside? Adv Immunol 2024; 161:85-108. [PMID: 38763703 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, a process which generates blood and immune cells, changes significantly during mammalian development. Definitive hematopoiesis is marked by the emergence of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we will focus on the post-transcriptional differences between fetal liver (FL) and adult bone marrow (ABM) HSCs. It remains unclear how or why exactly FL HSCs transition to ABM HSCs, but we aim to leverage their differences to revive an old idea: in utero HSC transplantation. Unexpectedly, the expression of certain RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play an important role in HSC specification, and can be employed to convert or reprogram adult HSCs back to a fetal-like state. Among other features, FL HSCs have a broad differentiation capacity that includes the ability to regenerate both conventional B and T cells, as well as innate-like or unconventional lymphocytes such as B-1a and marginal zone B (MzB) cells. This chapter will focus on RNA binding proteins, namely LIN28B and IGF2BP3, that are expressed during fetal life and how they promote B-1a cell development. Furthermore, this chapter considers a potential clinical application of synthetic co-expression of LIN28B and IGF2BP3 in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M Welsh
- Integrative Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Integrative Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Duan M, Liu H, Xu S, Yang Z, Zhang F, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhao S, Jiang X. IGF2BPs as novel m 6A readers: Diverse roles in regulating cancer cell biological functions, hypoxia adaptation, metabolism, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Genes Dis 2024; 11:890-920. [PMID: 37692485 PMCID: PMC10491980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
m6A methylation is the most frequent modification of mRNA in eukaryotes and plays a crucial role in cancer progression by regulating biological functions. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BP) are newly identified m6A 'readers'. They belong to a family of RNA-binding proteins, which bind to the m6A sites on different RNA sequences and stabilize them to promote cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which different upstream factors regulate IGF2BP in cancer. The current literature analyzed here reveals that the IGF2BP family proteins promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, and chemoresistance, inhibit apoptosis, and are also associated with cancer glycolysis, angiogenesis, and the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, with the discovery of their role as 'readers' of m6A and the characteristic re-expression of IGF2BPs in cancers, it is important to elucidate their mechanism of action in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We also describe in detail the regulatory and interaction network of the IGF2BP family in downstream target RNAs and discuss their potential clinical applications as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as recent advances in IGF2BP biology and associated therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Department of Gastroendoscopy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
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Zhou C, Ma J, Luo W, Hu J, Chen J, Liang S, He S. A Novel Platinum Resistance-Related Immune Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction in Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:112-124. [PMID: 37270714 PMCID: PMC10901932 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OV) is a highly heterogeneous gynecological tumor that makes the prognostic prediction challenging. Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy is associated with a poor prognosis in OV. There seems to be an overlap between molecular mechanisms responsible for platinum resistance and immunogenicity in OV. However, the predictive role of platinum resistance-related immune genes for OV prognosis needs to be further explored. In our study, the mRNA expression data of OV patients with corresponding clinical information were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. A multigene signature was constructed for OV patients in the TCGA cohort using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model according to the optimal value of λ and was validated in the ICGC cohort. Furthermore, we performed functional analysis to explore the immune status between low- and high-risk groups based on the median value of the risk score for the multigene signature. Our data showed that there were 41.1% of the platinum resistance-related genes which differentially expressed between immune score low- and high-OV patients in the TCGA cohort. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified 30 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). 14 genes were identified to construct a novel platinum resistance-related immune model for classifying OV patients into the low- and high- risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group showed significantly higher OS than those in the high-risk group (P < 0.0001 in the both TCGA and ICGC cohort), which was associated with different immune status for the two risk groups. A novel platinum resistance-related immune model can be used for prognostic prediction in OV. Targeting tumor immunity may be a therapeutic alternative for OV with platinum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjun Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiemei Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Suiying Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyang He
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Wang L, Lyu C, Stadlbauer B, Buchner A, Nößner E, Pohla H. Berbamine targets cancer stem cells and reverses cabazitaxel resistance via inhibiting IGF2BP1 and p-STAT3 in prostate cancer. Prostate 2024; 84:131-147. [PMID: 37828768 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of tumor cells with the capability of self-renewal and drug resistance, leading to tumor progression and disease relapse. Our study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of berbamine, extracted from berberis amurensis, on prostate CSCs. METHODS Sphere formation was used to collect prostate CSCs. The viability, proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis assays were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of berbamine on prostate CSCs. Prostate CSC markers were analyzed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. Small RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to analyse miRNAs. Exosomes were extracted using the ExoQuick-TC kit and verified by testing exosomal markers using western blot. RESULTS Berbamine targets prostate CSCs. Additionally, berbamine enhanced the antitumor effect of cabazitaxel, a second-line chemotherapeutic drug for advanced prostate cancer, and re-sensitized Cabazitaxel-resistant PCa cells (CabaR-DU145) to cabazitaxel by inhibiting ABCG2, CXCR4, IGF2BP1, and p-STAT3. Berbamine enhanced the expression of let-7 miRNA family and miR-26b and influenced the downstream targets IGF2BP1 and p-STAT3, respectively. Silencing CXCR4 and ABCG2 downregulated the expression of IGF2BP1 and p-STAT3, respectively. Importantly, berbamine enhanced also levels of exosomal let-7 family and miR-26b, suggesting that berbamine possibly influences the expression of let-7 family and miR-26b through exosome delivery. Exosomes derived from berbamine-treated CabaR-DU145 cells re-sensitized the cells to cabazitaxel. CONCLUSION Berbamine enhanced the toxic activity of cabazitaxel and reversed cabazitaxel resistance potentially through CXCR4/exosomal let-7/IGF2BP1 and ABCG2/exosomal miR-26b/p-STAT3 axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chen Lyu
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Stadlbauer
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elfriede Nößner
- Immunoanalytics: Research Group Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Pohla
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, Munich, Germany
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10
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Larivera S, Neumeier J, Meister G. Post-transcriptional gene silencing in a dynamic RNP world. Biol Chem 2023; 404:1051-1067. [PMID: 37739934 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-guided gene silencing is a key regulatory process in various organisms and linked to many human diseases. MiRNAs are processed from precursor molecules and associate with Argonaute proteins to repress the expression of complementary target mRNAs. Excellent work by numerous labs has contributed to a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of miRNA function. However, miRNA effects have mostly been analyzed and viewed as isolated events and their natural environment as part of complex RNA-protein particles (RNPs) is often neglected. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate key enzymes of the miRNA processing machinery and furthermore RBPs or readers of RNA modifications may modulate miRNA activity on mRNAs. Such proteins may function similarly to miRNAs and add their own contributions to the overall expression level of a particular gene. Therefore, post-transcriptional gene regulation might be more the sum of individual regulatory events and should be viewed as part of a dynamic and complex RNP world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Larivera
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Neumeier
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Naeli P, Zhang X, Snell PH, Chatterjee S, Kamran M, Ladak RJ, Orr N, Duchaine T, Sonenberg N, Jafarnejad SM. The SARS-CoV-2 protein NSP2 enhances microRNA-mediated translational repression. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261286. [PMID: 37732428 PMCID: PMC10617620 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses use microRNAs (miRNAs) to impair the host antiviral response and facilitate viral infection by expressing their own miRNAs or co-opting cellular miRNAs. miRNAs inhibit translation initiation of their target mRNAs by recruiting the GIGYF2-4EHP (or EIF4E2) translation repressor complex to the mRNA 5'-cap structure. We recently reported that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-encoded non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) interacts with GIGYF2. This interaction is critical for blocking translation of the Ifnb1 mRNA that encodes the cytokine interferon β, and thereby impairs the host antiviral response. However, it is not known whether NSP2 also affects miRNA-mediated silencing. Here, we demonstrate the pervasive augmentation of miRNA-mediated translational repression of cellular mRNAs by NSP2. We show that NSP2 interacts with argonaute 2 (AGO2), the core component of the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), via GIGYF2 and enhances the translational repression mediated by natural miRNA-binding sites in the 3' untranslated region of cellular mRNAs. Our data reveal an additional layer of the complex mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 and likely other coronaviruses manipulate the host gene expression program by co-opting the host miRNA-mediated silencing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Naeli
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Patric Harris Snell
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Susanta Chatterjee
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Reese Jalal Ladak
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nick Orr
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Thomas Duchaine
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
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12
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Pan S, Zhu J, Liu P, Wei Q, Zhang S, An W, Tong Y, Cheng Z, Liu F. FN1 mRNA 3'-UTR supersedes traditional fibronectin 1 in facilitating the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer through the FN1 3'-UTR-let-7i-5p-THBS1 axis. Theranostics 2023; 13:5130-5150. [PMID: 37771777 PMCID: PMC10526670 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Current clinical treatments for gastric cancer (GC), particularly advanced GC, lack infallible therapeutic targets. The 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) has attracted increasing attention as a drug target. Methods: In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to determine the function of FN1 3'-UTR and FN1 protein in invasion and metastasis. RNA pull-down assay and high-throughput sequencing were used to screen the factors regulated by FN1 3'-UTR and construct the regulatory network. Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the correlation of intermolecular expression levels. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation was used to verify the correlation between FN1 3'-UTR and target mRNAs. Results: The FN1 3'-UTR may have stronger prognostic implications than the FN1 protein in GC patients. Upregulation of FN1 3'-UTR significantly promoted the invasive and metastatic abilities of GC cells to a greater extent than FN1 protein in vitro and in vivo. A novel regulatory network was constructed based on the FN1 3'-UTR-let-7i-5p-THBS1 axis, wherein FN1 3'-UTR displayed stronger oncogenic effects than the FN1 protein. Conclusions: FN1 3'-UTR may be a better therapeutic target for constructing targeted drugs in GC than the FN1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Pan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016 China
- Phase I Clinical Trails Center, The First Hospital, China Medical University, 518 North Chuangxin Road, Baita Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110102 Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016 China
- Phase I Clinical Trails Center, The First Hospital, China Medical University, 518 North Chuangxin Road, Baita Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110102 Liaoning, China
| | - Qiaochu Wei
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016 China
- Phase I Clinical Trails Center, The First Hospital, China Medical University, 518 North Chuangxin Road, Baita Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110102 Liaoning, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Wen An
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Yuxin Tong
- Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou 450000, China
| | - Funan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016 China
- Phase I Clinical Trails Center, The First Hospital, China Medical University, 518 North Chuangxin Road, Baita Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110102 Liaoning, China
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13
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Glaß M, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1-An Oncofetal RNA-Binding Protein Fuels Tumor Virus Propagation. Viruses 2023; 15:1431. [PMID: 37515119 PMCID: PMC10385356 DOI: 10.3390/v15071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncofetal RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 has been reported to be a driver of tumor progression in a multitude of cancer entities. Its main function is the stabilization of target transcripts by shielding these from miRNA-mediated degradation. However, there is growing evidence that several virus species recruit IGF2BP1 to promote their propagation. In particular, tumor-promoting viruses, such as hepatitis B/C and human papillomaviruses, benefit from IGF2BP1. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that non-oncogenic viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, also take advantage of IGF2BP1. The only virus inhibited by IGF2BP1 reported to date is HIV-1. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the interactions between IGF2BP1 and different virus species. It further recapitulates several findings by presenting analyses from publicly available high-throughput datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
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14
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Hagemann S, Misiak D, Bell JL, Fuchs T, Lederer MI, Bley N, Hämmerle M, Ghazy E, Sippl W, Schulte JH, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1 induces neuroblastoma via a druggable feedforward loop with MYCN promoting 17q oncogene expression. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:88. [PMID: 37246217 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in infants accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer-related deaths. Over 50% of high-risk neuroblastoma relapse, emphasizing the need of novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies. In neuroblastoma, chromosomal gains at chromosome 17q, including IGF2BP1, and MYCN amplification at chromosome 2p are associated with adverse outcome. Recent, pre-clinical evidence indicates the feasibility of direct and indirect targeting of IGF2BP1 and MYCN in cancer treatment. METHODS Candidate oncogenes on 17q were identified by profiling the transcriptomic/genomic landscape of 100 human neuroblastoma samples and public gene essentiality data. Molecular mechanisms and gene expression profiles underlying the oncogenic and therapeutic target potential of the 17q oncogene IGF2BP1 and its cross-talk with MYCN were characterized and validated in human neuroblastoma cells, xenografts and PDX as well as novel IGF2BP1/MYCN transgene mouse models. RESULTS We reveal a novel, druggable feedforward loop of IGF2BP1 (17q) and MYCN (2p) in high-risk neuroblastoma. This promotes 2p/17q chromosomal gains and unleashes an oncogene storm resulting in fostered expression of 17q oncogenes like BIRC5 (survivin). Conditional, sympatho-adrenal transgene expression of IGF2BP1 induces neuroblastoma at a 100% incidence. IGF2BP1-driven malignancies are reminiscent to human high-risk neuroblastoma, including 2p/17q-syntenic chromosomal gains and upregulation of Mycn, Birc5, as well as key neuroblastoma circuit factors like Phox2b. Co-expression of IGF2BP1/MYCN reduces disease latency and survival probability by fostering oncogene expression. Combined inhibition of IGF2BP1 by BTYNB, MYCN by BRD inhibitors or BIRC5 by YM-155 is beneficial in vitro and, for BTYNB, also. CONCLUSION We reveal a novel, druggable neuroblastoma oncogene circuit settling on strong, transcriptional/post-transcriptional synergy of MYCN and IGF2BP1. MYCN/IGF2BP1 feedforward regulation promotes an oncogene storm harboring high therapeutic potential for combined, targeted inhibition of IGF2BP1, MYCN expression and MYCN/IGF2BP1-effectors like BIRC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hagemann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tommy Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell I Lederer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Monika Hämmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ehab Ghazy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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15
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Birnbaum R, Biswas J, Singer RH, Sharp DJ. mRNA Localization and Local Translation of the Microtubule Severing Enzyme, Fidgetin-Like 2, in Polarization, Migration and Outgrowth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537087. [PMID: 37131812 PMCID: PMC10153175 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell motility requires strict spatiotemporal control of protein expression. During cell migration, mRNA localization and local translation in subcellular areas like the leading edge and protrusions are particularly advantageous for regulating the reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Fidgetin-Like 2 (FL2), a microtubule severing enzyme (MSE) that restricts migration and outgrowth, localizes to the leading edge of protrusions where it severs dynamic microtubules. FL2 is primarily expressed during development but in adulthood, is spatially upregulated at the leading edge minutes after injury. Here, we show mRNA localization and local translation in protrusions of polarized cells are responsible for FL2 leading edge expression after injury. The data suggests that the RNA binding protein IMP1 is involved in the translational regulation and stabilization of FL2 mRNA, in competition with the miRNA let-7. These data exemplify the role of local translation in microtubule network reorganization during migration and elucidate an unexplored MSE protein localization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayna Birnbaum
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeetayu Biswas
- Present address: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert H. Singer
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David J. Sharp
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Microcures, Inc., Research and Development, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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16
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Bertoldo JB, Müller S, Hüttelmaier S. RNA-binding proteins in cancer drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103580. [PMID: 37031812 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial players in tumorigenesis and, hence, promising targets in cancer drug discovery. However, they are largely regarded as 'undruggable', because of the often noncatalytic and complex interactions between protein and RNA, which limit the discovery of specific inhibitors. Nonetheless, over the past 10 years, drug discovery efforts have uncovered RBP inhibitors with clinical relevance, highlighting the disruption of RNA-protein networks as a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the role of structurally distinct RBPs in cancer, and the mechanisms of RBP-directed small-molecule inhibitors (SMOIs) focusing on drug-protein interactions, binding surfaces, potency, and translational potential. Additionally, we underline the limitations of RBP-targeting drug discovery assays and comment on future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean B Bertoldo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Müller
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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17
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Samavarchi Tehrani S, Esmaeili F, Shirzad M, Goodarzi G, Yousefi T, Maniati M, Taheri-Anganeh M, Anushiravani A. The critical role of circular RNAs in drug resistance in gastrointestinal cancers. Med Oncol 2023; 40:116. [PMID: 36917431 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, drug resistance (DR) in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, as the main reason for cancer-related mortality worldwide, has become a serious problem in the management of patients. Several mechanisms have been proposed for resistance to anticancer drugs, including altered transport and metabolism of drugs, mutation of drug targets, altered DNA repair system, inhibited apoptosis and autophagy, cancer stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Compelling evidence has revealed that genetic and epigenetic factors are strongly linked to DR. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) interferences are the most crucial epigenetic alterations explored so far, and among these ncRNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are the most emerging members known to have unique properties. Due to the absence of 5' and 3' ends in these novel RNAs, the two ends are covalently bonded together and are generated from pre-mRNA in a process known as back-splicing, which makes them more stable than other RNAs. As far as the unique structure and function of circRNAs is concerned, they are implicated in proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and DR. A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for circRNAs-mediated DR in the GI cancers will open a new window to the management of GI cancers. Hence, in the present review, we will describe briefly the biogenesis, multiple features, and different biological functions of circRNAs. Then, we will summarize current mechanisms of DR, and finally, discuss molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs regulate DR development in esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Department of English, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Amir Anushiravani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Gaudreau-Lapierre A, Klonisch T, Nicolas H, Thanasupawat T, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Hombach-Klonisch S. Nuclear High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2) Interactome Revealed by Biotin Proximity Labeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044246. [PMID: 36835656 PMCID: PMC9966875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-histone chromatin binding protein High Mobility Group AT-hook protein 2 (HMGA2) has important functions in chromatin remodeling, and genome maintenance and protection. Expression of HMGA2 is highest in embryonic stem cells, declines during cell differentiation and cell aging, but it is re-expressed in some cancers, where high HMGA2 expression frequently coincides with a poor prognosis. The nuclear functions of HMGA2 cannot be explained by binding to chromatin alone but involve complex interactions with other proteins that are incompletely understood. The present study used biotin proximity labeling, followed by proteomic analysis, to identify the nuclear interaction partners of HMGA2. We tested two different biotin ligase HMGA2 constructs (BioID2 and miniTurbo) with similar results, and identified known and new HMGA2 interaction partners, with functionalities mainly in chromatin biology. These HMGA2 biotin ligase fusion constructs offer exciting new possibilities for interactome discovery research, enabling the monitoring of nuclear HMGA2 interactomes during drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gaudreau-Lapierre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hannah Nicolas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-3982; Fax: +1-204-789-3920
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19
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Kuhn M, Zhang Y, Favate J, Morita M, Blucher A, Das S, Liang S, Preet R, Parham LR, Williams KN, Molugu S, Armstrong RJ, Zhang W, Yang J, Hamilton KE, Dixon DA, Mills G, Morgan TK, Shah P, Andres SF. IMP1/IGF2BP1 in human colorectal cancer extracellular vesicles. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G571-G585. [PMID: 36194131 PMCID: PMC9678429 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00121.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. There is an urgent need for new methods of early CRC detection and monitoring to improve patient outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted, lipid-bilayer bound, nanoparticles that carry biological cargo throughout the body and in turn exhibit cancer-related biomarker potential. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression that may provide a link between host cell gene expression and EV phenotypes. Insulin-like growth factor 2 RNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1/IMP1) is an RBP that is highly expressed in CRC with higher levels of expression correlating with poor prognosis. IMP1 binds and potently regulates tumor-associated transcripts that may impact CRC EV phenotypes. Our objective was to test whether IMP1 expression levels impact EV secretion and/or cargo. We used RNA sequencing, in vitro CRC cell lines, ex vivo colonoid models, and xenograft mice to test the hypothesis that IMP1 influences EV secretion and/or cargo in human CRC. Our data demonstrate that IMP1 modulates the RNA expression of transcripts associated with extracellular vesicle pathway regulation, but it has no effect on EV secretion levels in vitro or in vivo. Rather, IMP1 appears to affect EV regulation by directly entering EVs in a transformation-dependent manner. These findings suggest that IMP1 has the ability to shape EV cargo in human CRC, which could serve as a diagnostic/prognostic circulating tumor biomarker.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrates that the RNA binding protein IGF2BP1/IMP1 alters the transcript profile of colorectal cancer cell (CRC) mRNAs from extracellular vesicle (EV) pathways. IMP1 does not alter EV production or secretion in vitro or in vivo, but rather enters CRC cells where it may further impact EV cargo. Our work shows that IMP1 has the ability to shape EV cargo in human CRC, which could serve as a diagnostic/prognostic circulating tumor biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Kuhn
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Division, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yang Zhang
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Division, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - John Favate
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mayu Morita
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aurora Blucher
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sukanya Das
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shun Liang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ranjan Preet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Louis R Parham
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy N Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sudheer Molugu
- Electron Microscopy Resource Lab, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall J Armstrong
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiegang Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Gordon Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Terry K Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Premal Shah
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Division, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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20
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Saburi A, Kahrizi MS, Naghsh N, Etemadi H, İlhan A, Adili A, Ghoreishizadeh S, Tamjidifar R, Akbari M, Ercan G. A comprehensive survey into the role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer chemoresistance; an updated overview. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:81. [PMID: 35799305 PMCID: PMC9264529 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), a frequent malignant tumor that affects women, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in this group of individuals. For the treatment of ovarian cancer, systemic chemotherapy with platinum-based drugs or taxanes is the first-line option. However, drug resistance developed over time during chemotherapy medications worsens the situation. Since uncertainty exists for the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer, there is a need to investigate and overcome this problem. miRNAs are engaged in various signaling pathways that contribute to the chemotherapeutic resistance of ovarian cancer. In the current study, we have tried to shed light on the mechanisms by which microRNAs contribute to the drug resistance of ovarian cancer and the use of some microRNAs to combat this chemoresistance, leading to the worse outcome of ovarian cancer patients treated with systemic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Saburi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | | | - Navid Naghsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hasti Etemadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Ahmet İlhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Adili
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida USA
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Rozita Tamjidifar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35100 Turkey
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gülinnaz Ercan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35100 Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, 35100 Turkey
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21
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Jiang J, Zeng T, Zhang L, Fan X, Jin Q, Ni H, Ye Y, Cheng L, Li L, Wang L, Xu S, Yang Y, Gu J, Guo B, Wang L, Li X, Qin Y, Li J, Wang J, Chen X, Wu M, Ying QL, Qin X, Wang Y, Wang Y. Optimization of Cas9 RNA sequence to reduce its unexpected effects as a microRNA sponge. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:136. [PMID: 35751058 PMCID: PMC9229757 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cas9 RNA functions as a miRNA sponge. Let-7 is the dominant regulated miRNA by Cas9 RNA. RNA sequence optimization of Cas9 by synonymous mutation improves its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Jiang
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Research Center of Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Research Center of Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,The 901th Hospital of PLA Jiont Logistic Support Force, HeFei, 230031, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Imaging, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xingfei Fan
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Research Center of Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qishu Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Haitao Ni
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yusheng Ye
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lipeng Cheng
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li Li
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liujun Wang
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yingyi Qin
- Department of health statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jinjiang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Minjuan Wu
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qi-Long Ying
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA.
| | - Xingjun Qin
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yefei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Histology and Embryology Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Research Center of Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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22
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AGO-RBP crosstalk on target mRNAs: Implications in miRNA-guided gene silencing and cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 21:101434. [PMID: 35477066 PMCID: PMC9136600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important regulators of mRNA translation and stability in eukaryotes. While miRNAs can only bind their target mRNAs in association with Argonaute proteins (AGOs), RBPs directly bind their targets either as single entities or in complex with other RBPs to control mRNA metabolism. miRNA binding in 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of mRNAs facilitates an intricate network of interactions between miRNA-AGO and RBPs, thus determining the fate of overlapping targets. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interplay between miRNA-AGO and multiple RBPs in different cellular contexts, the rules underlying their synergism and antagonism on target mRNAs, as well as highlight the implications of these regulatory modules in cancer initiation and progression.
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23
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IGF2BP1 Promotes Proliferation of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms by Post-Transcriptional Enhancement of EZH2. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092121. [PMID: 35565249 PMCID: PMC9131133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are very heterogeneous malignancies arising at different sites of the body that show an increasing incidence in recent decades. Here, we show that IGF2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is highly expressed in NEN cell lines, leading to enhanced cell proliferation. This oncogenic function relies on post-transcriptional stimulation of EZH2 expression by IGF2BP1, resulting in epigenetic silencing of cell cycle inhibitors via tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Combinatorial pharmacological targeting of IGF2BP1, EZH2, and the EZH2-activator Myc leads to synergistic antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in NEN cells, representing a novel therapeutic strategy in neuroendocrine malignancies. Abstract Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a heterogenous class of highly vascularized neoplasms that are increasing in prevalence and are predominantly diagnosed at a metastatic state. The molecular mechanisms leading to tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance are still under investigation. Hence, identification of novel therapeutic targets is of great interest. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA-binding Protein IGF2BP1 is a post-transcriptional regulator of components of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), an epigenic modifier affecting transcriptional regulation and proliferation: Comprehensive in silico analyses along with in vitro experiments showed that IGF2BP1 promotes neuroendocrine tumor cell proliferation by stabilizing the mRNA of Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of PRC2, which represses gene expression by tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). The IGF2BP1-driven stabilization and protection of EZH2 mRNA is m6A-dependent and enhances EZH2 protein levels which stimulates cell cycle progression by silencing cell cycle arrest genes through enhanced H3K27 tri-methylation. Therapeutic inhibition of IGF2BP1 destabilizes EZH2 mRNA and results in a reduced cell proliferation, paralleled by an increase in G1 and sub-G1 phases. Combined targeting of IGF2BP1, EZH2, and Myc, a transcriptional activator of EZH2 and well-known target of IGF2BP1 cooperatively induces tumor cell apoptosis. Our data identify IGF2BP1 as an important driver of tumor progression in NEN, and indicate that disruption of the IGF2BP1-Myc-EZH2 axis represents a promising approach for targeted therapy of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
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24
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Xie D, Chen F, Zhang Y, Shi B, Song J, Chaudhari K, Yang SH, Zhang GJ, Sun X, Taylor HS, Li D, Huang Y. Let-7 underlies metformin-induced inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122217119. [PMID: 35344434 PMCID: PMC9169108 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122217119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceA clear mechanistic understanding of metformin's antidiabetic effects is lacking. This is because suprapharmacological concentrations of metformin have been used in most studies. Using mouse models and human primary hepatocytes, we show that metformin, at clinically relevant doses, suppresses hepatic glucose production by activating a conserved regulatory pathway encompassing let-7, TET3, and a fetal isoform of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α). We demonstrate that metformin no longer has potent antidiabetic actions in a liver-specific let-7 loss-of-function mouse model and that hepatic delivery of let-7 ameliorates hyperglycemia and improves glucose homeostasis. Our results thus reveal an important role of the hepatic let-7/TET3/HNF4α axis in mediating the therapeutic effects of metformin and suggest that targeting this axis may be a potential therapeutic for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Bei Shi
- Medical Basic Experimental Teaching Center, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Kiran Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Gary J. Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Hugh S. Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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25
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Tian S, Zhang B, He Y, Sun Z, Li J, Li Y, Yi H, Zhao Y, Zou X, Li Y, Cui H, Fang L, Gao X, Hu Y, Chen W. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:e26. [PMID: 35191504 PMCID: PMC8934656 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuhao He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xudong Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huanhuan Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuhui Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Chen
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 755 88018449;
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26
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Misiak D, Bauer M, Lange J, Haase J, Braun J, Lorenz K, Wickenhauser C, Hüttelmaier S. MiRNA Deregulation Distinguishes Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC) and Supports Upregulation of Oncogene Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235913. [PMID: 34885022 PMCID: PMC8657272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most fatal and rapidly evolving endocrine malignancy invading the head and neck region and accounts for up to 50% of thyroid cancer-associated deaths. Deregulation of the microRNA (miRNA) expression promotes thyroid carcinoma progression by modulating the reorganization of the ATC transcriptome. Here, we applied comparative miRNA-mRNA sequencing on a cohort of 28 thyroid carcinomas to unravel the association of deregulated miRNA and mRNA expression. This identified 85 miRNAs significantly deregulated in ATC. By establishing a new analysis pipeline, we unraveled 85 prime miRNA-mRNA interactions supporting the downregulation of candidate tumor suppressors and the upregulation of bona fide oncogenes such as survivin (BIRC5) in ATC. This miRNA-dependent reprogramming of the ATC transcriptome provided an mRNA signature comprising 65 genes sharply distinguishing ATC from other thyroid carcinomas. The validation of the deregulated protein expression in an independent thyroid carcinoma cohort demonstrates that miRNA-dependent oncogenes comprised in this signature, the transferrin receptor TFRC (CD71) and the E3-ubiquitin ligase DTL, are sharply upregulated in ATC. This upregulation is sufficient to distinguish ATC even from poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTC). In sum, these findings provide new diagnostic tools and a robust resource to explore the key miRNA-mRNA regulation underlying the progression of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Marcus Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Jana Lange
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Jacob Haase
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliane Braun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
- Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lorenz
- Department of Visceral, Vascular, and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Symeonidou V, Jakobczyk H, Bashanfer S, Malouf C, Fotopoulou F, Kotecha RS, Anderson RA, Finch AJ, Ottersbach K. Defining the fetal origin of MLL-AF4 infant leukemia highlights specific fatty acid requirements. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109900. [PMID: 34706236 PMCID: PMC8567312 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant MLL-AF4-driven acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. A lack of understanding of the unique biology of this disease, particularly its prenatal origin, has hindered improvement of survival. We perform multiple RNA sequencing experiments on fetal, neonatal, and adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human and mouse. This allows definition of a conserved fetal transcriptional signature characterized by a prominent proliferative and oncogenic nature that persists in infant ALL blasts. From this signature, we identify a number of genes in functional validation studies that are critical for survival of MLL-AF4+ ALL cells. Of particular interest are PLK1 because of the readily available inhibitor and ELOVL1, which highlights altered fatty acid metabolism as a feature of infant ALL. We identify which aspects of the disease are residues of its fetal origin and potential disease vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Symeonidou
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hélène Jakobczyk
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Salem Bashanfer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Camille Malouf
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Foteini Fotopoulou
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew J Finch
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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28
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Zhu F, Yang T, Yao M, Shen T, Fang C. HNRNPA2B1, as a m 6A Reader, Promotes Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:716921. [PMID: 34631545 PMCID: PMC8494978 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.716921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent modification on eukaryotic RNA, and the m6A modification regulators were involved in the progression of various cancers. However, the functions of m6A regulators in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that 13 of 19 m6A-related genes in OSCC tissues are dysregulated, and HNRNPA2B1 was the most prognostically important locus of the 19 m6A regulatory genes in OSCC. Moreover, HNRNPA2B1 expression is elevated in OSCC, and a high level of HNRNPA2B1 is significantly associated with poor overall survival in OSCC patients. Functional studies, combined with further analysis of the correlation between the expression of HNRNPA2B1 and the EMT-related markers from the TCGA database, reveal that silencing HNRNPA2B1 suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC via EMT. Collectively, our work shows that HNRNPA2B1 may have the potential to promote carcinogenesis of OSCC by targeting EMT via the LINE-1/TGF-β1/Smad2/Slug signaling pathway and provide insight into the critical roles of HNRNPA2B1 in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianru Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mianfeng Yao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changyun Fang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Mohanan NK, Shaji F, Koshre GR, Laishram RS. Alternative polyadenylation: An enigma of transcript length variation in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1692. [PMID: 34581021 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a molecular mechanism during a pre-mRNA processing that involves usage of more than one polyadenylation site (PA-site) generating transcripts of varying length from a single gene. The location of a PA-site affects transcript length and coding potential of an mRNA contributing to both mRNA and protein diversification. This variation in the transcript length affects mRNA stability and translation, mRNA subcellular and tissue localization, and protein function. APA is now considered as an important regulatory mechanism in the pathophysiology of human diseases. An important consequence of the changes in the length of 3'-untranslated region (UTR) from disease-induced APA is altered protein expression. Yet, the relationship between 3'-UTR length and protein expression remains a paradox in a majority of diseases. Here, we review occurrence of APA, mechanism of PA-site selection, and consequences of transcript length variation in different diseases. Emerging evidence reveals coordinated involvement of core RNA processing factors including poly(A) polymerases in the PA-site selection in diseases-associated APAs. Targeting such APA regulators will be therapeutically significant in combating drug resistance in cancer and other complex diseases. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Translation > Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja K Mohanan
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Feba Shaji
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Ganesh R Koshre
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rakesh S Laishram
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
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30
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Zhou H, Zheng M, Shi M, Wang J, Huang Z, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Shi J. Characteristic of molecular subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma based on m6A RNA methylation modification and immune microenvironment. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:938. [PMID: 34416861 PMCID: PMC8379743 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major subtype of lung cancer and closely associated with poor prognosis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), one of the most predominant modifications in mRNAs, is found to participate in tumorigenesis. However, the potential function of m6A RNA methylation in the tumor immune microenvironment is still murky. METHODS The gene expression profile cohort and its corresponding clinical data of LUAD patients were downloaded from TCGA database and GEO database. Based on the expression of 21 m6A regulators, we identified two distinct subgroups by consensus clustering. The single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was conducted to quantify the relative abundance of the fraction of 28 immune cell types. The prognostic model was constructed by Lasso Cox regression. Survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the prognostic model. RESULT Consensus classification separated the patients into two clusters (clusters 1 and 2). Those patients in cluster 1 showed a better prognosis and were related to higher immune scores and more immune cell infiltration. Subsequently, 457 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two clusters were identified, and then a seven-gene prognostic model was constricted. The survival analysis showed poor prognosis in patients with high-risk score. The ROC curve confirmed the predictive accuracy of this prognostic risk signature. Besides, further analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in stages, status, clustering subtypes, and immunoscore. Low-risk group was related to higher immune score, more immune cell infiltration, and lower clinical stages. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that this prognostic model might be a powerful prognostic predictor for LUAD. Ultimately, the efficacy of this prognostic model was successfully validated in several external cohorts (GSE30219, GSE50081 and GSE72094). CONCLUSION Our study provides a robust signature for predicting patients' prognosis, which might be helpful for therapeutic strategies discovery of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaosen Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muqi Shi
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanghao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youlang Zhou
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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31
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Xie W, Sun H, Li X, Lin F, Wang Z, Wang X. Ovarian cancer: epigenetics, drug resistance, and progression. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:434. [PMID: 34404407 PMCID: PMC8369623 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. OC is associated with the activation of oncogenes, the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and the activation of abnormal cell signaling pathways. Moreover, epigenetic processes have been found to play an important role in OC tumorigenesis. Epigenetic processes do not change DNA sequences but regulate gene expression through DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. This review comprehensively considers the importance of epigenetics in OC, with a focus on microRNA and long non-coding RNA. These types of RNA are promising molecular markers and therapeutic targets that may support precision medicine in OC. DNA methylation inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors may be useful for such targeting, with a possible novel approach combining these two therapies. Currently, the clinical application of such epigenetic approaches is limited by multiple obstacles, including the heterogeneity of OC, insufficient sample sizes in reported studies, and non-optimized methods for detecting potential tumor markers. Nonetheless, the application of epigenetic approaches to OC patient diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is a promising area for future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feikai Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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Korn SM, Ulshöfer CJ, Schneider T, Schlundt A. Structures and target RNA preferences of the RNA-binding protein family of IGF2BPs: An overview. Structure 2021; 29:787-803. [PMID: 34022128 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IMPs, IGF2BPs) act in mRNA transport and translational control but are oncofetal tumor marker proteins. The IMP protein family represents a number of bona fide multi-domain RNA-binding proteins with up to six RNA-binding domains, resulting in a high complexity of possible modes of interactions with target mRNAs. Their exact mechanism in stability control of oncogenic mRNAs is only partially understood. Our and other laboratories' recent work has significantly pushed the understanding of IMP protein specificities both toward RNA engagement and between each other from NMR and crystal structures serving the basis for systematic biochemical and functional investigations. We here summarize the known structural and biochemical information about IMP RNA-binding domains and their RNA preferences. The article also touches on the respective roles of RNA secondary and protein tertiary structures for specific RNA-protein complexes, including the limited knowledge about IMPs' protein-protein interactions, which are often RNA mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marianne Korn
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Corinna Jessica Ulshöfer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlundt
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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33
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Misiak D, Hagemann S, Bell JL, Busch B, Lederer M, Bley N, Schulte JH, Hüttelmaier S. The MicroRNA Landscape of MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:647737. [PMID: 34026620 PMCID: PMC8138323 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.647737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MYCN gene amplification and upregulated expression are major hallmarks in the progression of high-risk neuroblastoma. MYCN expression and function in modulating gene synthesis in neuroblastoma is controlled at virtually every level, including poorly understood regulation at the post-transcriptional level. MYCN modulates the expression of various microRNAs including the miR-17-92 cluster. MYCN mRNA expression itself is subjected to the control by miRNAs, most prominently the miR-17-92 cluster that balances MYCN expression by feed-back regulation. This homeostasis seems disturbed in neuroblastoma where MYCN upregulation coincides with severely increased expression of the miR-17-92 cluster. In the presented study, we applied high-throughput next generation sequencing to unravel the miRNome in a cohort of 97 neuroblastomas, representing all clinical stages. Aiming to reveal the MYCN-dependent miRNome, we evaluate miRNA expression in MYCN-amplified as well as none amplified tumor samples. In correlation with survival data analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs, we present various putative oncogenic as well as tumor suppressive miRNAs in neuroblastoma. Using microRNA trapping by RNA affinity purification, we provide a comprehensive view of MYCN-regulatory miRNAs in neuroblastoma-derived cells, confirming a pivotal role of the miR-17-92 cluster and moderate association by the let-7 miRNA family. Attempting to decipher how MYCN expression escapes elevated expression of inhibitory miRNAs, we present evidence that RNA-binding proteins like the IGF2 mRNA binding protein 1 reduce miRNA-directed downregulation of MYCN in neuroblastoma. Our findings emphasize the potency of post-transcriptional regulation of MYCN in neuroblastoma and unravel new avenues to pursue inhibition of this potent oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sven Hagemann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jessica L. Bell
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bianca Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Bley N, Hmedat A, Müller S, Rolnik R, Rausch A, Lederer M, Hüttelmaier S. Musashi-1-A Stemness RBP for Cancer Therapy? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:407. [PMID: 34062997 PMCID: PMC8148009 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) promotes stemness during development and cancer. By controlling target mRNA turnover and translation, MSI1 is implicated in the regulation of cancer hallmarks such as cell cycle or Notch signaling. Thereby, the protein enhanced cancer growth and therapy resistance to standard regimes. Due to its specific expression pattern and diverse functions, MSI1 represents an interesting target for cancer therapy in the future. In this review we summarize previous findings on MSI1's implications in developmental processes of other organisms. We revisit MSI1's expression in a set of solid cancers, describe mechanistic details and implications in MSI1 associated cancer hallmark pathways and highlight current research in drug development identifying the first MSI1-directed inhibitors with anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bley
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
- Core Facility Imaging, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ali Hmedat
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Simon Müller
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Robin Rolnik
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Alexander Rausch
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
- Core Facility Imaging, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
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Glaß M, Misiak D, Bley N, Müller S, Hagemann S, Busch B, Rausch A, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1, a Conserved Regulator of RNA Turnover in Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:632219. [PMID: 33829040 PMCID: PMC8019740 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.632219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncofetal IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) promotes tumor progression in a variety of solid tumors and its expression is associated with adverse prognosis. The main role proposed for IGF2BP1 in cancer cells is the stabilization of mRNAs encoding pro-oncogenic factors. Several IGF2BP1-RNA association studies, however, revealed a plethora of putative IGF2BP1-RNA targets. Thus, at present the main conserved target RNAs and pathways controlled by IGF2BP1 in cancer remain elusive. In this study, we present a set of genes and cancer hallmark pathways showing a conserved pattern of deregulation in dependence of IGF2BP1 expression in cancer cell lines. By the integrative analysis of these findings with publicly available cancer transcriptome and IGF2BP1-RNA association data, we compiled a set of prime candidate target mRNAs. These analyses confirm a pivotal role of IGF2BP1 in controlling cancer cell cycle progression and reveal novel cancer hallmark pathways influenced by IGF2BP1. For three novel target mRNAs identified by these studies, namely AURKA, HDLBP and YWHAZ, we confirm IGF2BP1 mRNA stabilization. In sum our findings confirm and expand previous findings on the pivotal role of IGF2BP1 in promoting oncogenic gene expression by stabilizing target mRNAs in a mainly 3'UTR, m6A-, miRNA-, and potentially AU-rich element dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Simon Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sven Hagemann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bianca Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Rausch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Xia Y, Lv J, Jiang T, Li B, Li Y, He Z, Xuan Z, Sun G, Wang S, Li Z, Wang W, Wang L, Xu Z. CircFAM73A promotes the cancer stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer through the miR-490-3p/HMGA2 positive feedback loop and HNRNPK-mediated β-catenin stabilization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:103. [PMID: 33731207 PMCID: PMC7972245 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a new subclass of regulatory RNAs that play critical roles in various cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cancer cells, are believed to possess the capacities to initiate tumorigenesis and promote progression. Although accumulating evidence has suggested that cells with CSC-like properties are crucial for the malignancy of gastric cancer (GC), it remains unclear whether circRNAs are related to the acquisition of CSC-like properties in GC. Methods CircFAM73A expression was analyzed by GEO datasets and verified in GC samples. The roles of circFAM73A in GC cell proliferation, migration, cisplatin resistance, and CSC-like properties were determined by a series of functional experiments both in vitro and in vivo. RNA pulldown was used to explore the miRNAs and proteins binding to circFAM73A. Bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification confirmed the downstream targets of circFAM73A. The regulation of circFAM73A by HMGA2 was verified by ChIP and RIP assays. Results Elevated circFAM73A expression was confirmed in GC tissues, and higher circFAM73A predicted poor prognosis in GC patients. The upregulation of circFAM73A enhanced CSC-like properties in GC, thus facilitating cell proliferation, migration, and cisplatin resistance. Mechanistically, circFAM73A promoted GC malignancy by regulating miR-490-3p/HMGA2 in a positive feedback loop and recruiting HNRNPK to facilitate β-catenin stabilization. Moreover, HMGA2 further enhanced E2F1 and HNRNPL activity, which in turn promoted circFAM73A expression. Conclusions Our work demonstrates the crucial role of circFAM73A in the CSC-like properties of GC and uncovers a positive feedback loop in circFAM73A regulation that leads to the progression of gastric cancer, which may provide new insights into circRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01896-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jialun Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianlu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Xuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Xue T, Liu X, Zhang M, E Q, Liu S, Zou M, Li Y, Ma Z, Han Y, Thompson P, Zhang X. PADI2-Catalyzed MEK1 Citrullination Activates ERK1/2 and Promotes IGF2BP1-Mediated SOX2 mRNA Stability in Endometrial Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002831. [PMID: 33747724 PMCID: PMC7967072 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase II (PADI2) converts positively charged arginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline, and this activity has been associated with the onset and progression of multiple cancers. However, a role for PADI2 in endometrial cancer (EC) has not been previously explored. This study demonstrates that PADI2 is positively associated with EC proregression. Mechanistically, PADI2 interacting and catalyzing MEK1 citrullination at arginine 113/189 facilitates MEK1 on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, which activates insulin-like growth factor-II binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) expression. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA stability analyses reveal that IGF2BP1 binds to the m6A sites in SOX2-3'UTR to prevent SOX2 mRNA degradation. Dysregulation of IGF2BP1 by PADI2/MEK1/ERK signaling results in abnormal accumulation of oncogenic SOX2 expression, therefore supporting the malignant state of EC. Finally, PADI2 gene silencing, inhibiting MEK1 citrullination by PADI2 inhibitor, or mutation of MEK1 R113/189 equally inhibits EC progression. These data demonstrate that PADI2-catalyzed MEK1 R113/189 citrullination is a critical diver for EC malignancies and suggest that targeting PADI2/MEK1 can be a potential therapeutic approach in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu ProvinceDepartment of MicrobiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Qiukai E
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Shuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Maosheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of ObstetricsDalian Municipal Maternal and Infant Health Care HospitalDalianLiaoning116000China
| | - Zhinan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYangzhou Maternal and Child Health HospitalYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu226001China
| | - Paul Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01655USA
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
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38
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Elcheva IA, Spiegelman VS. Targeting RNA-binding proteins in acute and chronic leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:360-376. [PMID: 33149266 PMCID: PMC7868134 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in cellular physiology by regulating RNA processing, translation, and turnover. In neoplasms, RBP support of cancer-relevant expression of alternatively spliced, modified, and stabilized mRNA transcripts is essential to self-renewal, proliferation, and adaptation to stress. In this review, we assess the impact of key families of RBPs in leukemogenesis, review progress in targeting those proteins with small molecules, and discuss how multilevel composition of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression could be used for potential therapies in acute and chronic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Elcheva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir S Spiegelman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Haase J, Misiak D, Bauer M, Pazaitis N, Braun J, Pötschke R, Mensch A, Bell JL, Dralle H, Siebolts U, Wickenhauser C, Lorenz K, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1 is the first positive marker for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma diagnosis. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:32-41. [PMID: 32719445 PMCID: PMC7806508 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC) are rare, but represent the most lethal malignancy of the thyroid. Selective molecular markers and drivers distinguishing ATC from other thyroid carcinomas of follicular origin remain largely unknown, limiting advances in diagnosis and treatment. In a retrospective study, we analyzed gene expression in 36 ATC, 18 poorly differentiated, 132 papillary, and 55 follicular thyroid carcinoma, as well as 124 paired and unpaired normal thyroid tissues in three independent cohorts by RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry. RNA-sequencing data in the test cohort suggested selective ATC protein biomarkers. Evaluation of these revealed that ATCs are characterized by the de novo expression of various testis antigens, including melanoma-associated antigen A3 (MAGEA3), but most importantly the oncofetal IGF2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1). Shallow whole genome sequencing essentially excluded that IGF2BP1 upregulation results from gene copy number alterations. Immunohistochemical analyses in all three tumor cohorts confirmed the selective de novo expression of IGF2BP1 protein in ATC. In sum, 75% (27/36) of all tested ATC and 0.5% (1/204) of poorly and well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma tissue samples were positive for IGF2BP1 protein. This indicates that IGF2BP1 protein expression identifies ATC with a diagnostic odds ratio of 612 (95% CI: 74.6-5021). In addition, we found that MAGEA3 is exclusively, although less consistently upregulated in ATC, presenting with an odds ratio of 411 (95% CI: 23.8-7098.7). Importantly, we provide confirmatory evidence that IGF2BP1 and MAGEA3 expression distinguishes ATC from poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. IGF2BP1 furthermore identified ATC foci within low-grade follicular thyroid carcinoma. In conclusion, IGF2BP1 represents the most promising single-gene marker available for ATC, followed by MAGEA3, improving on current techniques. Robust markers are essential to help distinguish this high-grade malignancy from other thyroid carcinomas, to guide surgical decision making, therapy and post-resection/therapy monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Haase
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany
| | - Danny Misiak
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcus Bauer
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Pazaitis
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany ,grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Juliane Braun
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany ,grid.39009.330000 0001 0672 7022Present Address: Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rebecca Pötschke
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Mensch
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany ,grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Present Address: Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jessica Lilian Bell
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany
| | - Henning Dralle
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Udo Siebolts
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lorenz
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Visceral, Vascular, and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany.
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Zhou M, Guo X, Wang M, Qin R. The patterns of antisense long non-coding RNAs regulating corresponding sense genes in human cancers. J Cancer 2021; 12:1499-1506. [PMID: 33531995 PMCID: PMC7847652 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades researches of genomic transcription of all kinds of species have demonstrated that the important role of Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in whole process of life entity has been more and more attached. Owing to constant developing of advanced technology, especially the emerge of next generation sequencing, researchers could explore further in the depth and breadth of LncRNAs. Given that the unique RNA loci location with its corresponding sense gene, antisense long noncoding RNAs (AS-lncRNAs), which are one of the main categories of LncRNAs classification, would have existed an identified close connection between them in a natural physiological state. This review characterizes the patterns of regulation between AS-lncRNAs and corresponding sense genes during the process of cancer progression in human, with emphases on the regular modulation ways of the potential molecular mechanism of AS-lncRNAs and the summary of underlying treatment targets in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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41
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MSI1 Promotes the Expression of the GBM Stem Cell Marker CD44 by Impairing miRNA-Dependent Degradation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123654. [PMID: 33291443 PMCID: PMC7762192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain tumor with a median survival rate of approximately 14 months. GBM patients commonly suffer from tumor recurrence, indicating that populations of chemo/radio-resistant stem cell-like tumor cells survive treatments. Here we reveal that the neuronal stem cell marker Musashi1 (MSI1) is highly expressed in primary GBM and recurrences. We identify a novel regulatory role of MSI1 in GBM-derived cell lines and patient-derived tumorspheres, the enhancement of stemness marker expression, here demonstrated for CD44. Furthermore, we provide a rationale for MSI1-centered therapeutic targeting strategies to improve treatment options of this chemo/radio-resistant malignancy. Abstract The stem cell marker Musashi1 (MSI1) is highly expressed during neurogenesis and in glioblastoma (GBM). MSI1 promotes self-renewal and impairs differentiation in cancer and non-malignant progenitor cells. However, a comprehensive understanding of its role in promoting GBM-driving networks remains to be deciphered. We demonstrate that MSI1 is highly expressed in GBM recurrences, an oncologist’s major defiance. For the first time, we provide evidence that MSI1 promotes the expression of stem cell markers like CD44, co-expressed with MSI1 within recurrence-promoting cells at the migrating front of primary GBM samples. With GBM cell models of pediatric and adult origin, including isolated primary tumorspheres, we show that MSI1 promotes stem cell-like characteristics. Importantly, it impairs CD44 downregulation in a 3′UTR- and miRNA-dependent manner by controlling mRNA turnover. This regulation is disturbed by the previously reported MSI1 inhibitor luteolin, providing further evidence for a therapeutic target potential of MSI1 in GBM treatment.
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42
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Papadopoulou M, Sanchez Sanchez G, Vermijlen D. Innate and adaptive γδ T cells: How, when, and why. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:99-116. [PMID: 33146423 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells comprise the third cell lineage of lymphocytes that use, like αβ T cells and B cells, V(D)J gene rearrangement with the potential to generate a highly diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. There is no obvious conservation of γδ T cell subsets (based on TCR repertoire and/or function) between mice and human, leading to the notion that human and mouse γδ T cells are highly different. In this review, we focus on human γδ T cells, building on recent studies using high-throughput sequencing to analyze the TCR repertoire in various settings. We make then the comparison with mouse γδ T cell subsets highlighting the similarities and differences and describe the remarkable changes during lifespan of innate and adaptive γδ T cells. Finally, we propose mechanisms contributing to the generation of innate versus adaptive γδ T cells. We conclude that key elements related to the generation of the γδ TCR repertoire and γδ T cell activation/development are conserved between human and mice, highlighting the similarities between these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadopoulou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - Guillem Sanchez Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
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43
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Shvedova M, Kobayashi T. MicroRNAs in cartilage development and dysplasia. Bone 2020; 140:115564. [PMID: 32745689 PMCID: PMC7502492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally suppress gene expression. MiRNAs expressed in skeletal progenitor cells and chondrocytes regulate diverse aspects of cellular function and thus skeletal development. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in skeletal development, particularly focusing on those whose physiological roles were revealed in vivo. Deregulation of miRNAs is found in multiple acquired diseases such as cancer; however congenital diseases caused by mutations in miRNA genes are very rare. Among those are mutations in miR-140 and miR-17~92 miRNAs which cause skeletal dysplasias. We also discuss pathological mechanisms underlining these skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shvedova
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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44
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Cheng J, Zhuo Z, Yang L, Zhao P, Zhang J, Zhou H, He J, Li P. HMGA2 gene polymorphisms and Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children: a four-center case-control study. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:939-945. [PMID: 31746066 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wilms tumor is a kidney malignancy that typically occurs in children. Aberrant expression of HMGA2 gene is commonly seen in many malignant tumors. Yet, HMGA2 gene polymorphisms on Wilms tumor risk are not established. We carried out the first four-center case-control study with 355 patients and 1,070 controls to assess the association of HMGA2 polymorphisms (rs6581658 A>G, rs8756 A>C, and rs968697 T>C) with Wilms tumor risk. All of these three polymorphisms in single could not impact Wilms tumor risk. Stratified analysis revealed a contributing Wilms tumor risk role of rs968697 TC/CC in subgroup of male (TC/CC vs. TT: adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-2.08, P = 0.035). However, we found that presence of 1-3 protective genotypes were less likely to develop tumor in subgroup of female (adjusted OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48-0.99, P = 0.045). Our findings suggest that HMGA2 gene polymorphisms might influence Wilms tumor predisposition in a weak manner, under certain circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center of PLA, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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45
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Holstein I, Singh AK, Pohl F, Misiak D, Braun J, Leitner L, Hüttelmaier S, Posern G. Post-transcriptional regulation of MRTF-A by miRNAs during myogenic differentiation of myoblasts. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:8927-8942. [PMID: 32692361 PMCID: PMC7498330 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation and regeneration of skeletal muscle from myoblasts to myotubes involves myogenic transcription factors, such as myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) and serum response factor (SRF). In addition, post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs is required during myogenesis. Here, we provide evidence for novel mechanisms regulating MRTF-A during myogenic differentiation. Endogenous MRTF-A protein abundance and activity decreased during C2C12 differentiation, which was attributable to miRNA-directed inhibition. Conversely, overexpression of MRTF-A impaired differentiation and myosin expression. Applying miRNA trapping by RNA affinity purification (miTRAP), we identified miRNAs which directly regulate MRTF-A via its 3′UTR, including miR-1a-3p, miR-206-3p, miR-24-3p and miR-486-5p. These miRNAs were upregulated during differentiation and specifically recruited to the 3′UTR of MRTF-A. Concomitantly, Ago2 recruitment to the MRTF-A 3′UTR was considerably increased, whereas Dicer1 depletion or 3′UTR deletion elevated MRTF-A and inhibited differentiation. MRTF-A protein expression was inhibited by ectopic miRNA expression in murine C2C12 and primary human myoblasts. 3′UTR reporter activity diminished upon differentiation or miRNA expression, whereas deletion of the predicted binding sites reversed these effects. Furthermore, TGF-β abolished MRTF-A reduction and decreased miR-486-5p expression. Our findings implicate miR-24-3p and miR-486-5p in the repression of MRTF-A and suggest a complex network of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Holstein
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Falk Pohl
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Juliane Braun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laura Leitner
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Müller S, Bley N, Busch B, Glaß M, Lederer M, Misiak C, Fuchs T, Wedler A, Haase J, Bertoldo JB, Michl P, Hüttelmaier S. The oncofetal RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 is a druggable, post-transcriptional super-enhancer of E2F-driven gene expression in cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:8576-8590. [PMID: 32761127 PMCID: PMC7470957 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is a non-catalytic post-transcriptional enhancer of tumor growth upregulated and associated with adverse prognosis in solid cancers. However, conserved effector pathway(s) and the feasibility of targeting IGF2BP1 in cancer remained elusive. We reveal that IGF2BP1 is a post-transcriptional enhancer of the E2F-driven hallmark in solid cancers. IGF2BP1 promotes G1/S cell cycle transition by stabilizing mRNAs encoding positive regulators of this checkpoint like E2F1. This IGF2BP1-driven shortening of the G1 cell cycle phase relies on 3′UTR-, miRNA- and m6A-dependent regulation and suggests enhancement of cell cycle progression by m6A-modifications across cancers. In addition to E2F transcription factors, IGF2BP1 also stabilizes E2F-driven transcripts directly indicating post-transcriptional ‘super’-enhancer role of the protein in E2F-driven gene expression in cancer. The small molecule BTYNB disrupts this enhancer function by impairing IGF2BP1-RNA association. Consistently, BTYNB interferes with E2F-driven gene expression and tumor growth in experimental mouse tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Bianca Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Tommy Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Alice Wedler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jacob Haase
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jean Borges Bertoldo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Weiße J, Rosemann J, Krauspe V, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Haemmerle M, Gutschner T. RNA-Binding Proteins as Regulators of Migration, Invasion and Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6835. [PMID: 32957697 PMCID: PMC7555251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 7.5% of all human protein-coding genes have been assigned to the class of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and over the past decade, RBPs have been increasingly recognized as important regulators of molecular and cellular homeostasis. RBPs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of their target RNAs, i.e., alternative splicing, polyadenylation, stability and turnover, localization, or translation as well as editing and chemical modification, thereby tuning gene expression programs of diverse cellular processes such as cell survival and malignant spread. Importantly, metastases are the major cause of cancer-associated deaths in general, and particularly in oral cancers, which account for 2% of the global cancer mortality. However, the roles and architecture of RBPs and RBP-controlled expression networks during the diverse steps of the metastatic cascade are only incompletely understood. In this review, we will offer a brief overview about RBPs and their general contribution to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Subsequently, we will highlight selected examples of RBPs that have been shown to play a role in oral cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Last but not least, we will present targeting strategies that have been developed to interfere with the function of some of these RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weiße
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Julia Rosemann
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Vanessa Krauspe
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Alexander W. Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
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48
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Bley N, Schott A, Müller S, Misiak D, Lederer M, Fuchs T, Aßmann C, Glaß M, Ihling C, Sinz A, Pazaitis N, Wickenhauser C, Vetter M, Ungurs O, Strauss HG, Thomssen C, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1 is a targetable SRC/MAPK-dependent driver of invasive growth in ovarian cancer. RNA Biol 2020; 18:391-403. [PMID: 32876513 PMCID: PMC7951963 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1812894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a hallmark of aggressive, mesenchymal-like high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). The SRC kinase is a key driver of cancer-associated EMT promoting adherens junction (AJ) disassembly by phosphorylation-driven internalization and degradation of AJ proteins. Here, we show that the IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is up-regulated in mesenchymal-like HGSOC and promotes SRC activation by a previously unknown protein-ligand-induced, but RNA-independent mechanism. IGF2BP1-driven invasive growth of ovarian cancer cells essentially relies on the SRC-dependent disassembly of AJs. Concomitantly, IGF2BP1 enhances ERK2 expression in an RNA-binding dependent manner. Together this reveals a post-transcriptional mechanism of interconnected stimulation of SRC/ERK signalling in ovarian cancer cells. The IGF2BP1-SRC/ERK2 axis is targetable by the SRC-inhibitor saracatinib and MEK-inhibitor selumetinib. However, due to IGF2BP1-directed stimulation, only combinatorial treatment effectively overcomes the IGF2BP1-promoted invasive growth in 3D culture conditions as well as intraperitoneal mouse models. In conclusion, we reveal an unexpected role of IGF2BP1 in enhancing SRC/MAPK-driven invasive growth of ovarian cancer cells. This provides a rationale for the therapeutic benefit of combinatorial SRC/MEK inhibition in mesenchymal-like HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bley
- Sect. Molecular Cell Biology, Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Schott
- Sect. Molecular Cell Biology, Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Simon Müller
- Sect. Molecular Cell Biology, Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Danny Misiak
- Sect. Molecular Cell Biology, Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Sect. Molecular Cell Biology, Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tommy Fuchs
- Sect. Molecular Cell Biology, Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Chris Aßmann
- Sect. Molecular Cell Biology, Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Sect. Molecular Cell Biology, Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Inst. of Pharmacy, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Inst. of Pharmacy, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Pazaitis
- Inst. of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Inst. of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Martina Vetter
- Clinics for Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Olga Ungurs
- Clinics for Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Strauss
- Clinics for Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- Clinics for Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Sect. Molecular Cell Biology, Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Müller S, Wedler A, Breuer J, Glaß M, Bley N, Lederer M, Haase J, Misiak C, Fuchs T, Ottmann A, Schmachtel T, Shalamova L, Ewe A, Aigner A, Rossbach O, Hüttelmaier S. Synthetic circular miR-21 RNA decoys enhance tumor suppressor expression and impair tumor growth in mice. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa014. [PMID: 34316687 PMCID: PMC8210135 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring circular RNAs efficiently impair miRNA functions. Synthetic circular RNAs may thus serve as potent agents for miRNA inhibition. Their therapeutic effect critically relies on (i) the identification of optimal miRNA targets, (ii) the optimization of decoy structures and (iii) the development of efficient formulations for their use as drugs. In this study, we extensively explored the functional relevance of miR-21-5p in cancer cells. Analyses of cancer transcriptomes reveal that miR-21-5p is the by far most abundant miRNA in human cancers. Deletion of the MIR21 locus in cancer-derived cells identifies several direct and indirect miR-21-5p targets, including major tumor suppressors with prognostic value across cancers. To impair miR-21-5p activities, we evaluate synthetic, circular RNA decoys containing four repetitive binding elements. In cancer cells, these decoys efficiently elevate tumor suppressor expression and impair tumor cell vitality. For their in vivo delivery, we for the first time evaluate the formulation of decoys in polyethylenimine (PEI)-based nanoparticles. We demonstrate that PEI/decoy nanoparticles lead to a significant inhibition of tumor growth in a lung adenocarcinoma xenograft mouse model via the upregulation of tumor suppressor expression. These findings introduce nanoparticle-delivered circular miRNA decoys as a powerful potential therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Alice Wedler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Janina Breuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jacob Haase
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Tommy Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Alina Ottmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tessa Schmachtel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lyudmila Shalamova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Rossbach
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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50
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Xie Z, Janczyk PŁ, Zhang Y, Liu A, Shi X, Singh S, Facemire L, Kubow K, Li Z, Jia Y, Schafer D, Mandell JW, Abounader R, Li H. A cytoskeleton regulator AVIL drives tumorigenesis in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3457. [PMID: 32651364 PMCID: PMC7351761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a deadly cancer, with no effective therapies. Better understanding and identification of selective targets are urgently needed. We found that advillin (AVIL) is overexpressed in all the glioblastomas we tested including glioblastoma stem/initiating cells, but hardly detectable in non-neoplastic astrocytes, neural stem cells or normal brain. Glioma patients with increased AVIL expression have a worse prognosis. Silencing AVIL nearly eradicated glioblastoma cells in culture, and dramatically inhibited in vivo xenografts in mice, but had no effect on normal control cells. Conversely, overexpressing AVIL promoted cell proliferation and migration, enabled fibroblasts to escape contact inhibition, and transformed immortalized astrocytes, supporting AVIL being a bona fide oncogene. We provide evidence that the tumorigenic effect of AVIL is partly mediated by FOXM1, which regulates LIN28B, whose expression also correlates with clinical prognosis. AVIL regulates the cytoskeleton through modulating F-actin, while mutants disrupting F-actin binding are defective in its tumorigenic capabilities. Genes that modulate the cytoskeleton have been associated with increased cell proliferation and migration. Here, the authors show that AVIL, an actin regulatory protein, is overexpressed in glioblastomas and mediates oncogenic effects through regulation of FOXM1 stability and LIN28B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Xie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Pawel Ł Janczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Aiqun Liu
- Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinrui Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Loryn Facemire
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kristopher Kubow
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Zi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Dorothy Schafer
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - James W Mandell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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