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Singh RR, Mondal I, Janjua T, Popat A, Kulshreshtha R. Engineered smart materials for RNA based molecular therapy to treat Glioblastoma. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:396-423. [PMID: 38059120 PMCID: PMC10696434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable despite the multitude of improvements in cancer therapeutics. The conventional chemo and radiotherapy post-surgery have only been able to improve the prognosis slightly; however, the development of resistance and/or tumor recurrence is almost inevitable. There is a pressing need for adjuvant molecular therapies that can successfully and efficiently block tumor progression. During the last few decades, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key players in regulating various hallmarks of cancer including that of GBM. The levels of many ncRNAs are dysregulated in cancer, and ectopic modulation of their levels by delivering antagonists or overexpression constructs could serve as an attractive option for cancer therapy. The therapeutic potential of several types of ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, has been validated in both in vitro and in vivo models of GBM. However, the delivery of these RNA-based therapeutics is highly challenging, especially to the tumors of the brain as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses as a major obstacle, among others. Also, since RNA is extremely fragile in nature, careful considerations must be met while designing a delivery agent. In this review we have shed light on how ncRNA therapy can overcome the limitations of its predecessor conventional therapy with an emphasis on smart nanomaterials that can aide in the safe and targeted delivery of nucleic acids to treat GBM. Additionally, critical gaps that currently exist for successful transition from viral to non-viral vector delivery systems have been identified. Finally, we have provided a perspective on the future directions, potential pathways, and target areas for achieving rapid clinical translation of, RNA-based macromolecular therapy to advance the effective treatment of GBM and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Raj Singh
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- University of Queensland –IIT Delhi Academy of Research (UQIDAR)
| | - Indranil Mondal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Taskeen Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Ghanem P, Fatteh M, Kamson DO, Balan A, Chang M, Tao J, Blakeley J, Canzoniero J, Grossman SA, Marrone K, Schreck KC, Anagnostou V. Druggable genomic landscapes of high-grade gliomas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1254955. [PMID: 38143440 PMCID: PMC10749203 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1254955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the putatively targetable genomic landscape of high-grade gliomas, the long-term survival benefit of genomically-tailored targeted therapies remains discouraging. Methods Using glioblastoma (GBM) as a representative example of high-grade gliomas, we evaluated the clonal architecture and distribution of hotspot mutations in 388 GBMs from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Mutations were matched with 54 targeted therapies, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of drug biochemical properties in reference to the drug's clinical efficacy in high-grade gliomas. We then assessed clinical outcomes of a cohort of patients with high-grade gliomas with targetable mutations reviewed at the Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board (JH MTB; n = 50). Results Among 1,156 sequence alterations evaluated, 28.6% represented hotspots. While the frequency of hotspot mutations in GBM was comparable to cancer types with actionable hotspot alterations, GBMs harbored a higher fraction of subclonal mutations that affected hotspots (7.0%), compared to breast cancer (4.9%), lung cancer (4.4%), and melanoma (1.4%). In investigating the biochemical features of targeted therapies paired with recurring alterations, we identified a trend toward higher lipid solubility and lower IC50 in GBM cell lines among drugs with clinical efficacy. The drugs' half-life, molecular weight, surface area and binding to efflux transporters were not associated with clinical efficacy. Among the JH MTB cohort of patients with IDH1 wild-type high-grade gliomas who received targeted therapies, trametinib monotherapy or in combination with dabrafenib conferred radiographic partial response in 75% of patients harboring BRAF or NF1 actionable mutations. Cabozantinib conferred radiographic partial response in two patients harboring a MET and a PDGFRA/KDR amplification. Patients with IDH1 wild-type gliomas that harbored actionable alterations who received genotype-matched targeted therapy had longer progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS; 7.37 and 14.72 respectively) than patients whose actionable alterations were not targeted (2.83 and 4.2 months respectively). Conclusion While multiple host, tumor and drug-related features may limit the delivery and efficacy of targeted therapies for patients with high-grade gliomas, genotype-matched targeted therapies confer favorable clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to generate more data on the impact of biochemical features of targeted therapies on their clinical efficacy for high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ghanem
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria Fatteh
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Olayinka Kamson
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Archana Balan
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael Chang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jessica Tao
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jaishri Blakeley
- The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jenna Canzoniero
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stuart A. Grossman
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kristen Marrone
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Karisa C. Schreck
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Valsamo Anagnostou
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Steeg PS. The blood-tumour barrier in cancer biology and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:696-714. [PMID: 34253912 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The protective blood-brain barrier has a major role in ensuring normal brain function by severely limiting and tightly controlling the ingress of substances into the brain from the circulation. In primary brain tumours, such as glioblastomas, as well as in brain metastases from cancers in other organs, including lung and breast cancers and melanoma, the blood-brain barrier is modified and is referred to as the blood-tumour barrier (BTB). Alterations in the BTB affect its permeability, and this structure participates in reciprocal regulatory pathways with tumour cells. Importantly, the BTB typically retains a heterogeneous capacity to restrict the penetration of many therapeutic agents into intracranial tumours, and overcoming this challenge is a key to improving the effectiveness of treatment and patient quality of life. Herein, current knowledge of BTB structure and function is reviewed from a cell and cancer biology standpoint, with a focus on findings derived from in vivo models and human tumour specimens. Additionally, how this knowledge can be translated into clinical advances for patients with cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Yekula A, Taylor A, Beecroft A, Kang KM, Small JL, Muralidharan K, Rosh Z, Carter BS, Balaj L. The role of extracellular vesicles in acquisition of resistance to therapy in glioblastomas. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:1-16. [PMID: 35582008 PMCID: PMC9019190 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months despite standard care therapy consisting of maximal surgical debulking, followed by radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide treatment. The natural history of GBM is characterized by inevitable recurrence with patients dying from increasingly resistant tumor regrowth after therapy. Several mechanisms including inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, the evolution of therapy-resistant clonal subpopulations, reacquisition of stemness in glioblastoma stem cells, multiple drug efflux mechanisms, the tumor-promoting microenvironment, metabolic adaptations, and enhanced repair of drug-induced DNA damage have been implicated in therapy failure. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators in the maintenance and establishment of GBM. Multiple seminal studies have uncovered the multi-dynamic role of EVs in the acquisition of drug resistance. Mechanisms include EV-mediated cargo transfer and EVs functioning as drug efflux channels and decoys for antibody-based therapies. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms of therapy resistance in GBM, highlighting the emerging role of EV-orchestrated drug resistance. Understanding the landscape of GBM resistance is critical in devising novel therapeutic approaches to fight this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Keiko M. Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia L. Small
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Koushik Muralidharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zachary Rosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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5
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Ou A, Yung WKA, Majd N. Molecular Mechanisms of Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E351. [PMID: 33396284 PMCID: PMC7794986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults and is almost invariably fatal. Despite our growing understanding of the various mechanisms underlying treatment failure, the standard-of-care therapy has not changed over the last two decades, signifying a great unmet need. The challenges of treating glioblastoma are many and include inadequate drug or agent delivery across the blood-brain barrier, abundant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, redundant signaling pathways, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review the innate and adaptive molecular mechanisms underlying glioblastoma's treatment resistance, emphasizing the intrinsic challenges therapeutic interventions must overcome-namely, the blood-brain barrier, tumoral heterogeneity, and microenvironment-and the mechanisms of resistance to conventional treatments, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. K. Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Nazanin Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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6
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Crane AT, Chrostek MR, Krishna VD, Shiao M, Toman NG, Pearce CM, Tran SK, Sipe CJ, Guo W, Voth JP, Vaid S, Xie H, Lu WC, Swanson W, Grande AW, Schleiss MR, Bierle CJ, Cheeran MCJ, Low WC. Zika virus-based immunotherapy enhances long-term survival of rodents with brain tumors through upregulation of memory T-cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232858. [PMID: 33002018 PMCID: PMC7529292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) exhibits a tropism for brain tumor cells and has been used as an oncolytic virus to target brain tumors in mice with modest effects on extending median survival. Recent studies have highlighted the potential for combining virotherapy and immunotherapy to target cancer. We postulated that ZIKV could be used as an adjuvant to enhance the long-term survival of mice with malignant glioblastoma and generate memory T-cells capable of providing long-term immunity against cancer remission. To test this hypothesis mice bearing malignant intracranial GL261 tumors were subcutaneously vaccinated with irradiated GL261 cells previously infected with the ZIKV. Mice also received intracranial injections of live ZIKV, irradiation attenuated ZIKV, or irradiated GL261 cells previously infected with ZIKV. Long-term survivors were rechallenged with a second intracranial tumor to examine their immune response and look for the establishment of protective memory T-cells. Mice with subcutaneous vaccination plus intracranial irradiation attenuated ZIKV or intracranial irradiated GL261 cells previously infected with ZIKV exhibited the greatest extensions to overall survival. Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells within the brains of long-term surviving mice after tumor rechallenge revealed an increase in the number of T-cells, including CD4+ and tissue-resident effector/ effector memory CD4+ T-cells, in comparison to long-term survivors that were mock-rechallenged, and in comparison to naïve untreated mice challenged with intracranial gliomas. These results suggest that ZIKV can serve as an adjuvant to subcutaneous tumor vaccines that enhance long-term survival and generate protective tissue-resident memory CD4+ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Crane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Chrostek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Maple Shiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Nikolas G. Toman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Clairice M. Pearce
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Sarah K. Tran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Sipe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Winston Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Voth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Shivanshi Vaid
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Wei-Cheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Will Swanson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Grande
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Schleiss
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Craig J. Bierle
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Maxim C-J. Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Walter C. Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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7
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Wu CP, Hung CY, Lusvarghi S, Huang YH, Tseng PJ, Hung TH, Yu JS, Ambudkar SV. Overexpression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 contributes to reduced efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor samotolisib (LY3023414) in cancer cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114137. [PMID: 32634436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
LY3023414 (samotolisib) is a promising new dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Currently, multiple clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of LY3023414 in patients with various types of cancer. However, the potential mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to LY3023414 in human cancer cells still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated whether the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters such as ABCB1 and ABCG2, one of the most common mechanisms for developing multidrug resistance, may potentially reduce the efficacy of LY3023414 in human cancer cells. We demonstrated that the intracellular accumulation of LY3023414 in cancer cells was significantly reduced by the drug efflux function of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Consequently, the cytotoxicity and efficacy of LY3023414 for inhibiting the activation of the PI3K pathway and induction of G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest were substantially reduced in cancer cells overexpressing ABCB1 or ABCG2, which could be restored using tariquidar or Ko143, respectively. Furthermore, stimulatory effect of LY3023414 on the ATPase activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2, as well as in silico molecular docking analysis of LY3023414 binding to the substrate-binding pockets of these transporters provided additional insight into the manner in which LY3023414 interacts with both transporters. In conclusion, we report that LY3023414 is a substrate for ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters implicating their role in the development of resistance to LY3023414, which can have substantial clinical implications and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Gomez-Zepeda D, Taghi M, Scherrmann JM, Decleves X, Menet MC. ABC Transporters at the Blood-Brain Interfaces, Their Study Models, and Drug Delivery Implications in Gliomas. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010020. [PMID: 31878061 PMCID: PMC7022905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery into the brain is regulated by the blood-brain interfaces. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and the blood-arachnoid barrier (BAB) regulate the exchange of substances between the blood and brain parenchyma. These selective barriers present a high impermeability to most substances, with the selective transport of nutrients and transporters preventing the entry and accumulation of possibly toxic molecules, comprising many therapeutic drugs. Transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily have an important role in drug delivery, because they extrude a broad molecular diversity of xenobiotics, including several anticancer drugs, preventing their entry into the brain. Gliomas are the most common primary tumors diagnosed in adults, which are often characterized by a poor prognosis, notably in the case of high-grade gliomas. Therapeutic treatments frequently fail due to the difficulty of delivering drugs through the brain barriers, adding to diverse mechanisms developed by the cancer, including the overexpression or expression de novo of ABC transporters in tumoral cells and/or in the endothelial cells forming the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). Many models have been developed to study the phenotype, molecular characteristics, and function of the blood-brain interfaces as well as to evaluate drug permeability into the brain. These include in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models, which together can help us to better understand their implication in drug resistance and to develop new therapeutics or delivery strategies to improve the treatment of pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we present the principal characteristics of the blood-brain interfaces; then, we focus on the ABC transporters present on them and their implication in drug delivery; next, we present some of the most important models used for the study of drug transport; finally, we summarize the implication of ABC transporters in glioma and the BBTB in drug resistance and the strategies to improve the delivery of CNS anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gomez-Zepeda
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.-Z.); (M.-C.M.)
| | - Méryam Taghi
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Scherrmann
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Decleves
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- UF Biologie du médicament et toxicologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP HP, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- UF Hormonologie adulte, Hôpital Cochin, AP HP, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.-Z.); (M.-C.M.)
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9
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The Brain Penetrating and Dual TORC1/TORC2 Inhibitor, RES529, Elicits Anti-Glioma Activity and Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Anti-Angiogenetic Compounds in Preclinical Murine Models. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101604. [PMID: 31640252 PMCID: PMC6826425 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease showing a very poor prognosis. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve survival and quality of life. GBM is a highly vascularized tumor and as such, chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs have been combined for treatment. However, as treatment-induced resistance often develops, our goal was to identify and treat pathways involved in resistance to treatment to optimize the treatment strategies. Anti-angiogenetic compounds tested in preclinical and clinical settings demonstrated recurrence associated to secondary activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway. Aims. Here, we determined the sensitizing effects of the small molecule and oral available dual TORC1/TORC2 dissociative inhibitor, RES529, alone or in combination with the anti-VEGF blocking antibody, bevacizumab, or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, in human GBM models. Results. We observed that RES529 effectively inhibited dose-dependently the growth of GBM cells in vitro counteracting the insurgence of recurrence after bevacizumab or sunitinib administration in vivo. Combination strategies were associated with reduced tumor progression as indicated by the analysis of Time to Tumor Progression (TTP) and disease-free survival (DSF) as well as increased overall survival (OS) of tumor bearing mice. RES529 was able to reduce the in vitro migration of tumor cells and tubule formation from both brain-derived endothelial cells (angiogenesis) and tumor cells (vasculogenic mimicry). Conclusions. In summary, RES529, the first dual TORC1/TORC2 dissociative inhibitor, lacking affinity for ABCB1/ABCG2 and having good brain penetration, was active in GBM preclinical/murine models giving credence to its use in clinical trial for patients with GBM treated in association with anti-angiogenetic compounds.
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10
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Hua H, Kong Q, Zhang H, Wang J, Luo T, Jiang Y. Targeting mTOR for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:71. [PMID: 31277692 PMCID: PMC6612215 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase regulating cell growth, survival, metabolism, and immunity. mTOR is usually assembled into several complexes such as mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2). In cooperation with raptor, rictor, LST8, and mSin1, key components in mTORC1 or mTORC2, mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of multiple targets such as ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), and type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), thereby regulating protein synthesis, nutrients metabolism, growth factor signaling, cell growth, and migration. Activation of mTOR promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Many mTOR inhibitors have been developed to treat cancer. While some of the mTOR inhibitors have been approved to treat human cancer, more mTOR inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we update recent advances in exploring mTOR signaling and the development of mTOR inhibitors for cancer therapy. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the resistance to mTOR inhibitors in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Ippen FM, Alvarez-Breckenridge CA, Kuter BM, Fink AL, Bihun IV, Lastrapes M, Penson T, Schmidt SP, Wojtkiewicz GR, Ning J, Subramanian M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Martinez-Lage M, Carter SL, Cahill DP, Wakimoto H, Brastianos PK. The Dual PI3K/mTOR Pathway Inhibitor GDC-0084 Achieves Antitumor Activity in PIK3CA-Mutant Breast Cancer Brain Metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3374-3383. [PMID: 30796030 PMCID: PMC6685218 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in up to 70% of breast cancer brain metastases, but there are no approved agents for affected patients. GDC-0084 is a brain penetrant, dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor that has shown promising activity in a preclinical model of glioblastoma. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of PI3K/mTOR blockade in breast cancer brain metastases models.Experimental Design: The efficacy of GDC-0084 was evaluated in PIK3CA-mutant and PIK3CA wild-type breast cancer cell lines and the isogenic pairs of PIK3CA wild-type and mutant (H1047R/+) MCF10A cells in vitro. In vitro studies included cell viability and apoptosis assays, cell-cycle analysis, and Western blots. In vivo, the effect of GDC-0084 was investigated in breast cancer brain metastasis xenograft mouse models and assessed by bioluminescent imaging and IHC. RESULTS In vitro, GDC-0084 considerably decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, and inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and p70 S6 kinase in a dose-dependent manner in PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer brain metastatic cell lines. In contrast, GDC-0084 led only to growth inhibition in PIK3CA wild-type cell lines in vitro. In vivo, treatment with GDC-0084 markedly inhibited the growth of PIK3CA-mutant, with accompanying signaling changes, and not PIK3CA wild-type brain tumors. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the brain-penetrant PI3K/mTOR targeting GDC-0084 is a promising treatment option for breast cancer brain metastases with dysregulated PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway conferred by activating PIK3CA mutations. A national clinical trial is planned to further investigate the role of this compound in patients with brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Ippen
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin M Kuter
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandria L Fink
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivanna V Bihun
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Lastrapes
- Joint Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tristan Penson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P Schmidt
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianfang Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megha Subramanian
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Martinez-Lage
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott L Carter
- Joint Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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12
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Gupta SK, Smith EJ, Mladek AC, Tian S, Decker PA, Kizilbash SH, Kitange GJ, Sarkaria JN. PARP Inhibitors for Sensitization of Alkylation Chemotherapy in Glioblastoma: Impact of Blood-Brain Barrier and Molecular Heterogeneity. Front Oncol 2019; 8:670. [PMID: 30723695 PMCID: PMC6349736 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal despite maximal surgical resection followed by aggressive chemo-radiation therapy. Almost every GBM, regardless of genotype, relapses as aggressive recurrent disease. Sensitization of GBM cells to chemo-radiation is expected to extend survival of patients with GBM by enhancing treatment efficacy. The PARP family of enzymes has a pleiotropic role in DNA repair and metabolism and has emerged as an attractive target for sensitization of cancer cells to genotoxic therapies. However, despite promising results from a number of preclinical studies, progress of clinical trials involving PARP inhibitors (PARPI) has been slower in GBM as compared to other malignancies. Preclinical in vivo studies have uncovered limitations of PARPI-mediated targeting of base excision repair, considered to be the likely mechanism of sensitization for temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant GBM. Nevertheless, PARPI remain a promising sensitizing approach for at least a subset of GBM tumors that are inherently sensitive to TMZ. Our PDX preclinical trial has helped delineate MGMT promoter hyper-methylation as a biomarker of the PARPI veliparib-mediated sensitization. In clinical trials, MGMT promoter hyper-methylation now is being studied as a potential predictive biomarker not only for response to TMZ therapy alone, but also PARPI-mediated sensitization of TMZ therapy. Besides the combination approach being investigated, IDH1/2 mutant gliomas associated with 2-hydroxygluterate (2HG)-mediated homologous recombination (HR) defect may potentially benefit from PARPI monotherapy. In this article, we discuss existing results and provide additional data in support of potential alternative mechanisms of sensitization that would help identify potential biomarkers for PARPI-based therapeutic approaches to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Gupta
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Emily J Smith
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shulan Tian
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sani H Kizilbash
- Departments of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gaspar J Kitange
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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13
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de Gooijer MC, Zhang P, Buil LCM, Çitirikkaya CH, Thota N, Beijnen JH, van Tellingen O. Buparlisib is a brain penetrable pan-PI3K inhibitor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10784. [PMID: 30018387 PMCID: PMC6050274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the genomic landscapes of intracranial tumours has revealed a clear role for the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in tumorigenesis and tumour maintenance of these malignancies, making phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition a promising therapeutic strategy for these tumours. Buparlisib is a novel pan-PI3K inhibitor that is currently in clinical development for various cancers, including primary and secondary brain tumours. Importantly however, earlier studies have revealed that sufficient brain penetration is a prerequisite for antitumor efficacy against intracranial tumours. We therefore investigated the brain penetration of buparlisib using a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo mouse models. We demonstrate that buparlisib has an excellent brain penetration that is unaffected by efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier, complete oral bioavailability and efficient intracranial target inhibition at clinically achievable plasma concentrations. Together, these characteristics make buparlisib the ideal candidate for intracranially-targeted therapeutic strategies that involve PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, 250012, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Levi C M Buil
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ceren H Çitirikkaya
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nishita Thota
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute / MC Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Barriers to Effective Drug Treatment for Brain Metastases: A Multifactorial Problem in the Delivery of Precision Medicine. Pharm Res 2018; 35:177. [PMID: 30003344 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic lesions in the brain represents a serious unmet medical need in the field of neuro-oncology. Even though many effective compounds have demonstrated success in treating peripheral (non-CNS) tumors with targeted agents, one aspect of this lack of success in the brain may be related to poor delivery of otherwise effective compounds. Many factors can influence the brain delivery of these agents, but one key barrier is a heterogeneously "leaky" BBB that expresses efflux transporters that limit the BBB permeability for many targeted agents. Future success in therapeutics for brain metastases must take into account the adequate delivery of "active, free drug" to the target, and may include combinations of targeted drugs that are appropriate to address each individual patient's tumor type. This review discusses some issues that are pertinent to precision medicine for brain metastases, using specific examples of tumor types that have a high incidence of brain metastases.
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15
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Kim M, Ma DJ, Calligaris D, Zhang S, Feathers RW, Vaubel RA, Meaux I, Mladek AC, Parrish KE, Jin F, Barriere C, Debussche L, Watters J, Tian S, Decker PA, Eckel-Passow JE, Kitange GJ, Johnson AJ, Parney IF, Anastasiadis PZ, Agar NYR, Elmquist WF, Sarkaria JN. Efficacy of the MDM2 Inhibitor SAR405838 in Glioblastoma Is Limited by Poor Distribution Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1893-1901. [PMID: 29970480 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Controversy exists surrounding whether heterogeneous disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as seen in glioblastoma (GBM), leads to adequate drug delivery sufficient for efficacy in GBM. This question is especially important when using potent, targeted agents that have a poor penetration across an intact BBB. Efficacy of the murine double minute-2 (MDM2) inhibitor SAR405838 was tested in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of GBM. In vitro efficacy of SAR405838 was evaluated in PDX models with varying MDM2 expression and those with high (GBM108) and low (GBM102) expression were evaluated for flank and orthotopic efficacy. BBB permeability, evaluated using TexasRed-3 kDa dextran, was significantly increased in GBM108 through VEGFA overexpression. Drug delivery, MRI, and orthotopic survival were compared between BBB-intact (GBM108-vector) and BBB-disrupted (GBM108-VEGFA) models. MDM2-amplified PDX lines with high MDM2 expression were sensitive to SAR405838 in comparison with MDM2 control lines in both in vitro and heterotopic models. In contrast with profound efficacy observed in flank xenografts, SAR405838 was ineffective in orthotopic tumors. Although both GBM108-vector and GBM108-VEGFA readily imaged on MRI following gadolinium contrast administration, GBM108-VEGFA tumors had a significantly enhanced drug and gadolinium accumulation, as determined by MALDI-MSI. Enhanced drug delivery in GBM108-VEGFA translated into a marked improvement in orthotopic efficacy. This study clearly shows that limited drug distribution across a partially intact BBB may limit the efficacy of targeted agents in GBM. Brain penetration of targeted agents is a critical consideration in any precision medicine strategy for GBM. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 1893-901. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kim
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - David Calligaris
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Jin
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Veillon L, Fakih C, Abou-El-Hassan H, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y. Glycosylation Changes in Brain Cancer. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:51-72. [PMID: 28982002 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a posttranslational modification that affects more than half of all known proteins. Glycans covalently bound to biomolecules modulate their functions by both direct interactions, such as the recognition of glycan structures by binding partners, and indirect mechanisms that contribute to the control of protein conformation, stability, and turnover. The focus of this Review is the discussion of aberrant glycosylation related to brain cancer. Altered sialylation and fucosylation of N- and O-glycans play a role in the development and progression of brain cancer. Additionally, aberrant O-glycan expression has been implicated in brain cancer. This Review also addresses the clinical potential and applications of aberrant glycosylation for the detection and treatment of brain cancer. The viable roles glycans may play in the development of brain cancer therapeutics are addressed as well as cancer-glycoproteomics and personalized medicine. Glycoprotein alterations are considered as a hallmark of cancer while high expression in body fluids represents an opportunity for cancer assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Veillon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas 79409, United States
| | - Christina Fakih
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas 79409, United States
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17
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ATP-binding cassette transporters limit the brain penetration of Wee1 inhibitors. Invest New Drugs 2017; 36:380-387. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Kizilbash SH, Gupta SK, Chang K, Kawashima R, Parrish KE, Carlson BL, Bakken KK, Mladek AC, Schroeder MA, Decker PA, Kitange GJ, Shen Y, Feng Y, Protter AA, Elmquist WF, Sarkaria JN. Restricted Delivery of Talazoparib Across the Blood-Brain Barrier Limits the Sensitizing Effects of PARP Inhibition on Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2735-2746. [PMID: 28947502 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, including talazoparib, potentiate temozolomide efficacy in multiple tumor types; however, talazoparib-mediated sensitization has not been evaluated in orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) models. This study evaluates talazoparib ± temozolomide in clinically relevant GBM models. Talazoparib at 1-3 nmol/L sensitized T98G, U251, and GBM12 cells to temozolomide, and enhanced DNA damage signaling and G2-M arrest in vitroIn vivo cyclical therapy with talazoparib (0.15 mg/kg twice daily) combined with low-dose temozolomide (5 mg/kg daily) was well tolerated. This talazoparib/temozolomide regimen prolonged tumor stasis more than temozolomide alone in heterotopic GBM12 xenografts [median time to endpoint: 76 days versus 50 days temozolomide (P = 0.005), 11 days placebo (P < 0.001)]. However, talazoparib/temozolomide did not accentuate survival beyond that of temozolomide alone in corresponding orthotopic xenografts [median survival 37 vs. 30 days with temozolomide (P = 0.93), 14 days with placebo, P < 0.001]. Average brain and plasma talazoparib concentrations at 2 hours after a single dose (0.15 mg/kg) were 0.49 ± 0.07 ng/g and 25.5±4.1 ng/mL, respectively. The brain/plasma distribution of talazoparib in Bcrp-/- versus wild-type (WT) mice did not differ, whereas the brain/plasma ratio in Mdr1a/b-/- mice was higher than WT mice (0.23 vs. 0.02, P < 0.001). Consistent with the in vivo brain distribution, overexpression of MDR1 decreased talazoparib accumulation in MDCKII cells. These results indicate that talazoparib has significant MDR1 efflux liability that may restrict delivery across the blood-brain barrier, and this may explain the loss of talazoparib-mediated temozolomide sensitization in orthotopic versus heterotopic GBM xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2735-46. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiv K Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kenneth Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ryo Kawashima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karen E Parrish
- Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brett L Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katrina K Bakken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark A Schroeder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gaspar J Kitange
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yuqiao Shen
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California
| | - Ying Feng
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California
| | | | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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19
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McConnell HL, Kersch CN, Woltjer RL, Neuwelt EA. The Translational Significance of the Neurovascular Unit. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:762-770. [PMID: 27920202 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.760215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is supplied with blood by specialized vasculature that is structurally and functionally distinct from that of the periphery. A defining feature of this vasculature is a physical blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB separates blood components from the brain microenvironment, regulating the entry and exit of ions, nutrients, macromolecules, and energy metabolites. Over the last two decades, physiological studies of cerebral blood flow dynamics have demonstrated that substantial intercellular communication occurs between cells of the vasculature and the neurons and glia that abut the vasculature. These findings suggest that the BBB does not function independently, but as a module within the greater context of a multicellular neurovascular unit (NVU) that includes neurons, astrocytes, pericytes, and microglia as well as the blood vessels themselves. Here, we describe the roles of these NVU components as well as how they act in concert to modify cerebrovascular function and permeability in health and in select diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L McConnell
- From the Departments of Neurology, Pathology, Neurosurgery, and Veterans Affairs, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-2941
| | - Cymon N Kersch
- From the Departments of Neurology, Pathology, Neurosurgery, and Veterans Affairs, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-2941
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- From the Departments of Neurology, Pathology, Neurosurgery, and Veterans Affairs, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-2941
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- From the Departments of Neurology, Pathology, Neurosurgery, and Veterans Affairs, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-2941
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20
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Frosina G. Advances in drug delivery to high grade gliomas. Brain Pathol 2016; 26:689-700. [PMID: 27488680 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
If cancer is hard to be treated, brain cancer is even more, caused by the inability of many effective drugs given systemically to cross the blood brain and blood tumor barriers and reach adequate concentrations at the tumor sites. Effective delivery of drugs to brain cancer tissues is thus a necessary, albeit not sufficient, condition to effectively target the disease. In order to analyze the current status of research on drug delivery to high grade gliomas (HGG-WHO grades III and IV), the most frequent and aggressive brain cancers, a literature search was conducted in PubMed using the terms: "drug delivery and brain tumor" over the publication year 2015. Currently explored drug delivery techniques for HGG include the convection and permeabilization-enhanced deliveries, drug-releasing depots and Ommaya reservoirs. The efficacy/safety ratio widely varies among these techniques and the success of current efforts to increase this ratio widely varies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Frosina
- Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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21
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Han L, Kong DK, Zheng MQ, Murikinati S, Ma C, Yuan P, Li L, Tian D, Cai Q, Ye C, Holden D, Park JH, Gao X, Thomas JL, Grutzendler J, Carson RE, Huang Y, Piepmeier JM, Zhou J. Increased Nanoparticle Delivery to Brain Tumors by Autocatalytic Priming for Improved Treatment and Imaging. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4209-18. [PMID: 26967254 PMCID: PMC5257033 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is partially disrupted in brain tumors. Despite the gaps in the BBB, there is an inadequate amount of pharmacological agents delivered into the brain. Thus, the low delivery efficiency renders many of these agents ineffective in treating brain cancer. In this report, we proposed an "autocatalytic" approach for increasing the transport of nanoparticles into the brain. In this strategy, a small number of nanoparticles enter into the brain via transcytosis or through the BBB gaps. After penetrating the BBB, the nanoparticles release BBB modulators, which enables more nanoparticles to be transported, creating a positive feedback loop for increased delivery. Specifically, we demonstrated that these autocatalytic brain tumor-targeting poly(amine-co-ester) terpolymer nanoparticles (ABTT NPs) can readily cross the BBB and preferentially accumulate in brain tumors at a concentration of 4.3- and 94.0-fold greater than that in the liver and in brain regions without tumors, respectively. We further demonstrated that ABTT NPs were capable of mediating brain cancer gene therapy and chemotherapy. Our results suggest ABTT NPs can prime the brain to increase the systemic delivery of therapeutics for treating brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Derek K. Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ming-qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Liyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daofeng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Chunlin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - June-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiaobin Gao
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Richard E. Carson
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Correspondence: Jiangbing Zhou, 310 Cedar Street, FMB 410, New Haven, CT 06510, Tel: 203-785-5327,
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Mason WP. Blood-brain barrier-associated efflux transporters: a significant but underappreciated obstacle to drug development in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1181-2. [PMID: 26138634 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Warren P Mason
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (W.P.M.)
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