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Ran X, Zhou S, Li K, Qiu S, Xu Y, Xu M, Yang R. Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240911. [PMID: 39176251 PMCID: PMC11340859 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To analyze the related factors of radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to identify the risk factors and their clinical significance. This retrospective cohort study included 707 NPC patients. They had undergone conventional and enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. They were divided into the radiation-induced encephalopathy group and the no encephalopathy group according to the imaging examination. Detailed clinical information was collected. The incidence of radiation-induced encephalopathy in NPC was 22.2%, in which 124 were radiation-induced encephalopathy and 33 were reirradiation patients. We found that age, pathological type, radiation method, hypertension, radiation course, relapse, carotid/cerebral arteriosclerosis, clinical stage, and radiotherapy dose were statistically significant between the two groups (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed that clinical stage, age, radiotherapy method, hypertension, carotid/cerebral arteriosclerosis, and radiation courses after a reoccurrence of NPC were risk factors for radiation-induced encephalopathy. The more advanced the clinical stage was and the older the patient, the greater the risk. Radiotherapy method, radiation course, hypertension, carotid/cerebral arteriosclerosis, age, and clinical stage were the risk factors associated with radiation-induced encephalopathy in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Ran
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Shaoquan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruimeng Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Sarwar SA, O'Malley GR, Botvinov J, Khan Y, Kumar RP, Ali M, Cassimatis ND, Hundal JS, Patel NV. Impact of environmental pollutants on pediatric brain tumor incidence in New Jersey. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 242:108318. [PMID: 38759503 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between environmental contaminants and brain tumor incidence in adults has been thoroughly explored but research into how these contaminants affect pediatric brain tumor (PBT) incidence has not been explored. Children, typically having more limited geographical movement and thus more consistent environmental contaminant exposure, might offer more reliable insights into which environmental contaminants affect the incidence of brain tumors. The present study is the first to focus on exploring whether a possible association exists between the incidence of PBTs and exposure to environmental pollutants in New Jersey (NJ). METHODS Linear regressions were run between PBT incidence and the concentration of air quality pollutants such as Ozone (O3), Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5), Particulate Matter 10 (PM10), and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Similarly, linear regressions were run between PBT incidence and Elevated Blood Lead Levels (BLL). RESULTS The study observed a significant positive relationship between O3 and PBT incidence (β = 0.34, p = 0.028). However, the relationship between PBT incidence, and environmental pollutants such as CO (β = 0.0047, p = 0.098), PM2.5 (β = -0.2624, p = 0.74), and PM10 (β = -0.7353, p = 0.073) were found to be nonsignificant. For elevated BLL, nonsignificant relationships with PBT incidence were observed at 10-14 µg/dL (β = -39.38, p = 0.30), 15-19 µg/dL (β = -67.00, p = 0.21), and 20-44 µg/dL (β = -201.98, p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a possible impact of O3 on the incidence of PBTs in NJ. In contrast to the significant links found in prior studies of adult brain tumors, the associations between PBT occurrence and particulate matter were not significant. These findings highlight the importance of further investigating how environmental factors, especially O3, relate to PBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Sarwar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian Health - Jersey Shore University Medical Center, USA.
| | | | - Julia Botvinov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yasmin Khan
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rohit Prem Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mir Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Jasdeep S Hundal
- Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian Health - Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, USA
| | - Nitesh V Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian Health - Jersey Shore University Medical Center, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USA
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Yang TH, Chang YC, Yu CY, Sung WW, Lee TH. Correlation Between CT Density, Incidence, Mortality, and Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio in Central Nervous System Cancers: An Exploratory Analysis of Global Data. In Vivo 2024; 38:2024-2030. [PMID: 38936918 PMCID: PMC11215593 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cancers of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a significant burden, despite their relatively low incidence compared to other types of cancers. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a crucial indicator of long-term survival and healthcare system performance. Computed tomography (CT) plays a crucial role in the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling early intervention and treatment. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CT density, CNS cancer incidence, mortality, and MIR to investigate regional variations in CT utilization and their impact on CNS cancer mortality rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS Changes in MIR, referred to as δMIR, were calculated based on data from 2012 and 2018. CT density data for the year 2013 were retrieved from the Global Health Observatory data repository. The association between variables was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS Analysis of data from 107 countries revealed a positive association between CT density and both CNS cancer incidence and mortality. However, a trend was observed between CT density and MIR. These findings suggest that in countries with greater accessibility to CT imaging, CNS cancer cases may be detected earlier and lower mortality rates can be achieved. CONCLUSION Our research contributes to the understanding of the impact of CT imaging on the management and outcomes of CNS cancers. It informs healthcare strategies and resource allocation to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsi Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Chuan Chang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wellbrock M, Voigt M, Ronckers C, Grabow D, Spix C, Erdmann F. Registration, incidence patterns, and survival trends of central nervous system tumors among children in Germany 1980-2019: An analysis of 40 years based on data from the German Childhood Cancer Registry. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30954. [PMID: 38532243 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are the second most common type of pediatric cancer in Germany. We aimed to describe registration practice, incidence, and survival patterns for childhood CNS tumors in Germany for the past 40 years. PROCEDURE Including all CNS tumor cases in children diagnosed at ages 0-14 years registered at the German Childhood Cancer Registry (GCCR) in 1980-2019 (for survival analysis 1980-2016), we calculated age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) over time, average annual percentage changes (AAPC), and 1- and 5-year overall survival. RESULTS While we observed a pronounced increase in ASIR after the establishment of the GCCR during the 1980s, ASIR for all pediatric CNS tumors combined continued to increase markedly from 28.6 per million in 1990-1999 to 43.3 in 2010-2019 (AAPC = 2.7% in 1991-2010, AAPC = 0.3% in 2010-2019). The 5-year overall survival from CNS tumors improved from 63% in the 1980s, 70% in the 1990s to 79% in 2010-2016. These improvements have occurred across all age groups. Children diagnosed with ependymomas and choroid plexus tumors experienced the strongest increase (from 54% to 81%). CONCLUSIONS Observed increases in incidence rates for pediatric CNS tumors are likely only partially caused by actual increasing case numbers. The majority is a function of improved registration and, to a minor extent, improvements in diagnostics. Survival from pediatric CNS tumors has, by and large, improved consistently, leading to a growing population of childhood cancer survivors with diverse health biographies and risk of lifelong adverse impact on health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Wellbrock
- Research Group Aetiology and Inequalities in Childhood Cancer, Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mathias Voigt
- German Childhood Cancer Registry/Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cecile Ronckers
- German Childhood Cancer Registry/Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Desiree Grabow
- German Childhood Cancer Registry/Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- German Childhood Cancer Registry/Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Erdmann
- Research Group Aetiology and Inequalities in Childhood Cancer, Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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Kim J, Vanrobaeys Y, Davatolhagh MF, Kelvington B, Chatterjee S, Ferri SL, Angelakos C, Mills AA, Fuccillo MV, Nickl-Jockschat T, Abel T. A chromosome region linked to neurodevelopmental disorders acts in distinct neuronal circuits in males and females to control locomotor behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.17.594746. [PMID: 38952795 PMCID: PMC11216371 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.17.594746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Biological sex shapes the manifestation and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). These disorders often demonstrate male-specific vulnerabilities; however, the identification of underlying mechanisms remains a significant challenge in the field. Hemideletion of the 16p11.2 region (16p11.2 del/+) is associated with NDDs, and mice modeling 16p11.2 del/+ exhibit sex-specific striatum-related phenotypes relevant to NDDs. Striatal circuits, crucial for locomotor control, consist of two distinct pathways: the direct and indirect pathways originating from D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) and D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) expressing spiny projection neurons (SPNs), respectively. In this study, we define the impact of 16p11.2 del/+ on striatal circuits in male and female mice. Using snRNA-seq, we identify sex- and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in the D1- and D2-SPNs of 16p11.2 del/+ mice, indicating distinct transcriptomic signatures in D1-SPNs and D2-SPNs in males and females, with a ∼5-fold greater impact in males. Further pathway analysis reveals differential gene expression changes in 16p11.2 del/+ male mice linked to synaptic plasticity in D1- and D2-SPNs and GABA signaling pathway changes in D1-SPNs. Consistent with our snRNA-seq study revealing changes in GABA signaling pathways, we observe distinct changes in miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in D1- and D2-SPNs from 16p11.2 del/+ male mice. Behaviorally, we utilize conditional genetic approaches to introduce the hemideletion selectively in either D1- or D2-SPNs and find that conditional hemideletion of genes in the 16p11.2 region in D2-SPNs causes hyperactivity in male mice, but hemideletion in D1-SPNs does not. Within the striatum, hemideletion of genes in D2-SPNs in the dorsal lateral striatum leads to hyperactivity in males, demonstrating the importance of this striatal region. Interestingly, conditional 16p11.2 del/+ within the cortex drives hyperactivity in both sexes. Our work reveals that a locus linked to NDDs acts in different striatal circuits, selectively impacting behavior in a sex- and cell type-specific manner, providing new insight into male vulnerability for NDDs. Highlights - 16p11.2 hemideletion (16p11.2 del/+) induces sex- and cell type-specific transcriptomic signatures in spiny projection neurons (SPNs). - Transcriptomic changes in GABA signaling in D1-SPNs align with changes in inhibitory synapse function. - 16p11.2 del/+ in D2-SPNs causes hyperactivity in males but not females. - 16p11.2 del/+ in D2-SPNs in the dorsal lateral striatum drives hyperactivity in males. - 16p11.2 del/+ in cortex drives hyperactivity in both sexes. Graphic abstract
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Vaz-Salgado MÁ, García BC, Pérez IF, Munárriz BJ, Domarco PS, González AH, Villar MV, Caro RL, Delgado MLV, Sánchez JMS. SEOM-GEINO clinical guidelines for grade 2 gliomas (2023). Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03456-x. [PMID: 38662171 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification has updated the definition of grade 2 gliomas and the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation has been deemed the cornerstone of diagnosis. Though slow-growing and having a low proliferative index, grade 2 gliomas are incurable by surgery and complementary treatments are vital to improving prognosis. This guideline provides recommendations on the multidisciplinary treatment of grade 2 astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas based on the best evidence available.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Vaz-Salgado
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis) CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Belén Cigarral García
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isaura Fernández Pérez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Paula Sampedro Domarco
- Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense (CHUO), Orense, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Hernández González
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol(ICO)-Badalona, Instituto Catalán de Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Vieito Villar
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Luque Caro
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Sepúlveda Sánchez
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, HM Universitario Sanchinarro-CIOCC, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain.
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Kouhen F, Mjabbar R, Alami R, El Gouach H, Cherkaoui Jaouad MR, Benslima N, Mahdi Y, El Khannoussi B, Fliyou F, Errafiy N, El Azhari A, Ismaili N. Unusual location of myxopapillary ependymoma in the sacrum: Case report and review of the literature. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:1489-1495. [PMID: 38312753 PMCID: PMC10835126 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myxopapillary ependymoma, a rare variant of ependymoma, commonly occurs in the conus medullaris or filum terminale. The rarity of these tumors can make their diagnosis and treatment challenging. This case report presents an atypical occurrence of myxopapillary ependymoma within the sacrum in a 68-year-old patient presented with a 3-month history of persistent left-sided low back pain radiating to the legs and fecal dysfunction. The patient underwent a sacral laminectomy and subtotal excision of the tumor, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with favorable outcomes. This report highlights the significance of tailored approaches for unconventional tumor locations emphasizes the potential benefits of multimodal treatment strategies and provides insights from a comprehensive literature review on similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadila Kouhen
- Radiotherapy Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS). Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Oncogenetics, Neurooncology and Oncogenetic Team, Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation
| | - Reyzanne Mjabbar
- Radiotherapy Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS). Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rim Alami
- Radiotherapy Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS). Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hanae El Gouach
- Radiotherapy Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS). Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Oncogenetics, Neurooncology and Oncogenetic Team, Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation
| | - Mohammed Reda Cherkaoui Jaouad
- Radiology Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Najwa Benslima
- Radiology Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Mahdi
- Pathology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Fadwa Fliyou
- Neurosurgical Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nadia Errafiy
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Oncogenetics, Neurosciences and Cellular Physiology Team, Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation
| | - Abdessamad El Azhari
- Neurosurgical Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nabil Ismaili
- Oncology Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
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Toniutti M, Sasso AL, Carai A, Colafati GS, Piccirilli E, Del Baldo G, Mastronuzzi A. Central nervous system tumours in neonates: what should the neonatologist know? Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1485-1497. [PMID: 38206395 PMCID: PMC11001680 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumours in neonates are relatively rare and present differently when compared with those occurring later in childhood in terms of aetiology, clinical features, location, histology and prognosis. The clinical presentation is extremely variable. Even if the most frequent clinical sign is a macrocephaly, there are many other non-specific symptoms associated. The prognosis is usually poor with overall survival of less than 30%. Surgery continues to be the primary treatment for neonatal CNS tumours, aiming for a gross total resection, directly correlated with prognosis and the overall outcome. The chemotherapy is the only adjuvant therapy whereas the radiotherapy is avoided under three years of age because of the severe sequelae. Hence the importance of molecular characterization of these neoplasms in order to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis and identify new therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to describe the main characteristics of these tumours and the recent advances in their treatment in order to recognize these pathologies in the prenatal period and create a multidisciplinary team providing the best possible treatment while minimising the risk of long-term complications. Neonatologists play a key role in the early detection, diagnostic evaluation, management and supportive care of these neonates. Conclusion: The aim of this review is to describe the main characteristics of these tumours and the recent advances in their treatment in order to ensure the essential knowledge that will help the neonatologist identify them and create a multidisciplinary team providing the best possible treatment while minimising the risk of long-term complications. What is Known: • Neonatal CNS tumours are relatively rare and their early identification is important to identify the best diagnostic-therapeutic management. • Surgery is the main treatment of neonatal CNS tumours. The extent of surgical resection directly correlates with prognosis and outcome. What is New: • Predisposing conditions such as Cancer Predisposition Syndromes must be considered. • Targeted drugs and other therapeutic strategies can be identified through molecular characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristella Toniutti
- Department of Medicine DAME-Division of Pediatrics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Sasso
- Department of Medicine DAME-Division of Pediatrics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Stefania Colafati
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging Oncological Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piccirilli
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging Oncological Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Sharifian MJ, Igland J, Klungsøyr K, Engeland A, Zhou A, Bjørge T. Incidence trends of adult glioma in Norway and its association with occupation and education: A registry-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 89:102524. [PMID: 38367313 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas constitute 75 % of all malignant primary adult brain tumors. Being the most frequent histologic subtype, glioblastomas (GBMs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide and the Nordic countries have some of the highest incidence rates in the world. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of gliomas in Norway including time trends and associations with education and occupation. METHODS We retrieved individual-level data from databases at Statistics Norway containing information on education and occupation and linked them to data on adult glioma patients diagnosed during 2004-21 from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) (World Standard Population) were calculated and analyzed with regards to sex and morphology. Poisson regression was used to test for time-trends, and to analyze the associations between education, occupation and glioma incidence, adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year. Estimates were reported as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The overall ASIR of gliomas (per 100,000 person-years) was 7.1 (95 % CI 6.9-7.3), with no specific time trend during the study period. The incidence increased with age. Compared to the other subtypes, GBMs were diagnosed at older ages. The risks of developing glioma overall and GBM were associated with occupation but not with educational level. The relative risk of glioma and GBM were respectively 1.17 (95 % CI 1.05-1.31) and 1.17 (95 % CI 1.02-1.35) among high-skilled white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers. CONCLUSIONS The overall and sex-specific ASIRs of gliomas and GBMs did not show any noticeable time trends. The higher risk of developing glioma overall and GBM in high-skilled white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers calls for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Health and Social Science, Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Engeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ange Zhou
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Cal State East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Jiang C, Zhang B, Jiang W, Liu P, Kong Y, Zhang J, Teng W. Metal ion stimulation-related gene signatures correlate with clinical and immunologic characteristics of glioma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27189. [PMID: 38533032 PMCID: PMC10963200 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental factors serve as one of the important pathogenic factors for gliomas. Yet people focus only on the effect of electromagnetic radiation on its pathogenicity, while metals in the environment are neglected. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metal ion stimulation and the clinical characteristics and immune status of GM patients. Methods Firstly, mRNA expression profiles of GM patients and normal subjects were obtained from Chinese GM Genome Atlas (CGGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify differentially expressed metal ion stimulation-related genes(DEMISGs). Secondly, two molecular subtypes were identified and validated based on these DEMISGs using consensus clustering. Diagnostic and prognostic models for GM were constructed after screening these features based on machine learning. Finally, supervised classification and unsupervised clustering were combined to classify and predict the grade of GM based on SHAP values. Results GM patients are divided into two different response states to metal ion stimulation, M1 and M2, which are related to the grade and IDH status of the GM. Six genes with diagnostic value were obtained: SLC30A3, CRHBP, SYT13, DLG2, CDK1, and WNT5A. The AUC in the external validation set was higher than 0.90. The SHAP value improves the performance of classification prediction. Conclusion The gene features associated with metal ion stimulation are related to the clinical and immune characteristics of transgenic patients. XGboost/LightGBM Kmeans has a higher classification prediction accuracy in predicting glioma grades compared to using purely supervised classification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Jiang
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Kong
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Teng
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ricci AM, Emeny RT, Bagley PJ, Blunt HB, Butow ME, Morgan A, Alford-Teaster JA, Titus L, Walston RR, Rees JR. Causes of Childhood Cancer: A Review of the Recent Literature: Part I-Childhood Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1297. [PMID: 38610975 PMCID: PMC11011156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the childhood risk factors for pediatric cancer (diagnosis before age 20). METHODS We conducted literature searches using Ovid Medline and Scopus to find primary research studies, review articles, and meta-analyses published from 2014 to 3 March 2021. RESULTS Strong evidence indicates that an array of genetic and epigenetic phenomena, structural birth defects, and chromosomal anomalies are associated with an increased risk of various childhood cancers. Increased risk is also associated with prior cancer, likely due to previous treatment agents and therapeutic ionizing radiation. Convincing evidence supports associations between several pediatric cancers and ionizing radiation, immunosuppression, and carcinogenic virus infection both in healthy children and in association with immune suppression following organ transplantation. Breastfeeding and a childhood diet rich in fruits and vegetables appears to reduce the risk of pediatric leukemia but the evidence is less strong. Childhood vaccination against carcinogenic viruses is associated with a lower risk of several cancers; there is less strong evidence that other childhood vaccinations more broadly may also lower risk. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with increased melanoma risk, although most melanomas following childhood UV exposure occur later, in adulthood. Evidence is weak or conflicting for the role of body mass index, other childhood infections, allergies, and certain treatments, including immunomodulator medications and human growth therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Ricci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dartmouth Health Childrens, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Rebecca T. Emeny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control & Population Sciences Research Program, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Pamela J. Bagley
- Biomedical Libraries, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (P.J.B.); (H.B.B.)
| | - Heather B. Blunt
- Biomedical Libraries, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (P.J.B.); (H.B.B.)
| | - Mary E. Butow
- New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH 03302, USA
| | - Alexandra Morgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Linda Titus
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Raymond R. Walston
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Judy R. Rees
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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12
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Moseeva MB, Azizova TV, Bannikova MV. Risk of central nervous system tumour incidence in a cohort of workers chronically exposed to ionising radiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2024; 63:17-26. [PMID: 38212569 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumour incidence in a cohort of 22,377 Mayak Production Association workers chronically exposed to ionising radiation. There were 96 primary CNS tumours, including 42 cases of glioma and 44 cases of meningioma, registered during the whole follow-up period (1948-2018). The study demonstrated that the risk of primary CNS tumour incidence was associated with sex, attained age, calendar period, tall body height, age at the beginning of exposure, and facility type. There was no association found between risk of CNS tumour incidence and body mass index, smoking (males) and alcohol consumption status. The study did not find an effect of the total external gamma radiation dose absorbed in the brain on risk of CNS tumour incidence irrespective of whether an adjustment for the total external neutron dose absorbed in the brain was included or not. Excess relative risk per 1 Gy of external gamma brain dose was 0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.30; 0.70) for all CNS tumours, -0.18 (95% CI -; 0.44) for gliomas, and 0.38 (95% CI -0.32; 2.08) for meningiomas without adjustment for total neutron brain dose. There was no effect modification by sex, attained age, age at hire or facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Moseeva
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
| | - Tamara V Azizova
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia.
| | - Maria V Bannikova
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
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13
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Stoltze UK, Foss-Skiftesvik J, Hansen TVO, Rasmussen S, Karczewski KJ, Wadt KAW, Schmiegelow K. The evolutionary impact of childhood cancer on the human gene pool. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1881. [PMID: 38424437 PMCID: PMC10904397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants associated with increased childhood mortality must be subject to natural selection. Here, we analyze publicly available germline genetic metadata from 4,574 children with cancer [11 studies; 1,083 whole exome sequences (WES), 1,950 whole genome sequences (WGS), and 1,541 gene panel] and 141,456 adults [125,748 WES and 15,708 WGS]. We find that pediatric cancer predisposition syndrome (pCPS) genes [n = 85] are highly constrained, harboring only a quarter of the loss-of-function variants that would be expected. This strong indication of selective pressure on pCPS genes is found across multiple lines of germline genomics data from both pediatric and adult cohorts. For six genes [ELP1, GPR161, VHL and SDHA/B/C], a clear lack of mutational constraint calls the pediatric penetrance and/or severity of associated cancers into question. Conversely, out of 23 known pCPS genes associated with biallelic risk, two [9%, DIS3L2 and MSH2] show significant constraint, indicating that they may monoallelically increase childhood cancer risk. In summary, we show that population genetic data provide empirical evidence that heritable childhood cancer leads to natural selection powerful enough to have significantly impacted the present-day gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Kristoffer Stoltze
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Merkin Building, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Jon Foss-Skiftesvik
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Thomas van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Konrad J Karczewski
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Merkin Building, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Karin A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gesaka SR, Okemwa PM, Mwachaka PM. Histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital between 2016 and 2019: a retrospective study. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:39. [PMID: 38368566 PMCID: PMC10874916 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS This retrospective study retrieved patient-archived records at the Kenyatta National Hospital for the period 2016-2019. The histological types of brain tumors were assessed according to age, sex, and the WHO classification for CNS tumors using the GNU PSPP version 1.6.2-g78a33 software. Results were presented in tables and figures. RESULTS During the study period, brain tumors appeared to increase gradually; however, there was a decline in 2018. During the study period, 345 brain tumor records were retrieved. Data on age were missing 33 records; hence, 312 records were included for age analyses. The mean age for the pediatrics and adults was 9 (± 5 SD) and 45 (± 14 SD) years, respectively. 88 (28.2%) and 224 (71.8%) tumors were diagnosed among pediatrics and adults, respectively. Most tumors, 60 (19.2%) were reported in patients aged ≤ 10 years, followed by 55 (17.6%), 48 (15.4%), and 47 (15.1%) in patients aged 31-40, 51-60, and 41-50, years, respectively. In both pediatrics and adults, most tumors were diagnosed in females aged ≤ 10 years and 31-40 years, respectively. Overall, two peaks were observed in patients aged 5-15 years and 40-45 years. Gliomas, 43 (48.9%) and medulloblastomas, 21 (23.9%) were the most common tumors in pediatrics, whereas meningiomas, 107 (47.8%) and gliomas, 70 (31.3%) were the most common tumors in adults. Most pediatric and adult tumors were benign with 50 (56.8%) and 157 (70.1%) cases, respectively. Low-grade gliomas and medulloblastomas were the commonest benign and malignant tumors among pediatrics, with 31 (62%) and 21 (55.3%) cases, respectively. Conversely, meningiomas and high-grade gliomas were the most common benign and malignant tumors in adults, with 106 (67.5%) and 44 (65.7%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSION This study highlights the existing burden of brain tumors in Kenya and data from KNH may be representative of the national burden of BTs. This study lays a foundation for subsequent clinical and epidemiological studies and emphasizes the need to adopt existing reporting standards to help realize a complete picture of the burden of brain tumors in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Maseghe Mwachaka
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Neurosurgery Division, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
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15
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Lyu IJ, Han K, Park KA, Oh SY. Ocular Motor Cranial Nerve Palsies and Increased Risk of Primary Malignant Brain Tumors: South Korean National Health Insurance Data. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:781. [PMID: 38398172 PMCID: PMC10886462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ocular motor cranial nerve palsies (OMCNP) and the occurrence of primary malignant brain tumors in a Korean population, using the national sample cohort database from Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS). KNHIS data between 2010 and 2017 were analyzed. Our sample encompassed 118,686 participants, including 19,781 from a recently diagnosed OMCNP cohort and 98,905 from a matched control cohort through a 1:5 propensity score matching based on age and gender. To counteract the issue of reverse causation, we integrated a one-year time lag in our sensitivity analysis. Study participants were followed up until 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to compute the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for primary malignant brain tumors according to the OMCNP diagnosis. Additionally, we performed a subgroup analysis to discern effects of various factors on the association between OMCNP and primary malignant brain tumors. HR for primary malignant brain tumors was 3.272 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.294 to 4.665) in the OMCNP cohort compared to the control cohort in a fully adjusted model for age, sex, socio-economic status, smoking, drinking, regular physical exercise, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Further subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of primary malignant brain tumors was significantly increased in women with OMCNP compared to men with OMCNP (HR: 5.118 in women vs. 2.441 in men, p = 0.0440), and in those aged <65 years than in those aged ≥65 years (HR: 6.951 in age < 65 years vs. 1.899 in age ≥ 65 years, p = 0.0006). Our population-based cohort study demonstrated a significantly increased risk of subsequent primary malignant brain tumors in patients with OMCNP. Particularly, OMCNP-afflicted women aged below 65 manifested a heightened probability of developing primary malignant brain tumors compared to those devoid of OMCNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jeong Lyu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Yeul Oh
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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16
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Bihn JR, Cioffi G, Waite KA, Kruchko C, Neff C, Price M, Ostrom QT, Swinnerton KN, Elbers DC, Mooney MA, Rachlin J, Stein TD, Brophy MT, Do NV, Ferguson RE, Priemer DS, Perl DP, Hickman RA, Nabors B, Rusiecki J, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Fillmore NR. Brain tumors in United States military veterans. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:387-396. [PMID: 37738677 PMCID: PMC10836768 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive analysis of brain tumor incidence and survival in the Veteran population has been lacking. METHODS Veteran data were obtained from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Medical Centers via VHA Corporate Data Warehouse. Brain tumor statistics on the overall US population were generated from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the US data. Cases were individuals (≥18 years) with a primary brain tumor, diagnosed between 2004 and 2018. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated per 100 000 population and Kaplan-Meier survival curves evaluated overall survival outcomes among Veterans. RESULTS The Veteran population was primarily white (78%), male (93%), and between 60 and 64 years old (18%). Individuals with a primary brain tumor in the general US population were mainly female (59%) and between 18 and 49 years old (28%). The overall AAIR of primary brain tumors from 2004 to 2018 within the Veterans Affairs cancer registry was 11.6. Nonmalignant tumors were more common than malignant tumors (AAIR:7.19 vs 4.42). The most diagnosed tumors in Veterans were nonmalignant pituitary tumors (AAIR:2.96), nonmalignant meningioma (AAIR:2.62), and glioblastoma (AAIR:1.96). In the Veteran population, survival outcomes became worse with age and were lowest among individuals diagnosed with glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Differences between Veteran and US populations can be broadly attributed to demographic composition differences of these groups. Prior to this, there have been no reports on national-level incidence rates and survival outcomes for Veterans. These data provide vital information that can drive efforts to understand disease burden and improve outcomes for individuals with primary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Bihn
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gino Cioffi
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristin A Waite
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Carol Kruchko
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Corey Neff
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mackenzie Price
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Danne C Elbers
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Mooney
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob Rachlin
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary T Brophy
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nhan V Do
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan E Ferguson
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David S Priemer
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for The Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel P Perl
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A Hickman
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for The Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Rusiecki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathanael R Fillmore
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lovejoy LA, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. Cancer Incidence and Etiology in the Active Duty Population of U.S. Military. Mil Med 2024; 189:e58-e65. [PMID: 36239575 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As members of the military, all active duty service members (ADS) must meet physical fitness requirements and are provided with equal-access healthcare through the DoD. In addition, 92% of ADS are ≤40 years of age. Together, these characteristics suggest that ADS represent a healthy population that may have a low risk of cancer. Each year, however, >800 ADS are diagnosed with cancer and the resulting in time off for treatment, reassignment, or medical retirement may significantly impact force readiness. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant literature was identified by searching the PubMed database using search terms ACTIVE DUTY and CANCER. Only articles written in English were included. RESULTS Melanoma is the most common cancer in ADS, while testicular cancer is the most common cancer in males and breast cancer is the most common in females. Cancer incidence patterns in ADS differ from those in the general U.S. population and from military veterans. Tumor etiology in ADS may be influenced by military-enriched exposures such as prolonged use of oral contraceptives, suboptimal use of sunscreen, exposure to volatile organic compounds, or germline predisposition/family history. CONCLUSIONS The etiology of cancer within ADS remains largely unknown. A number of new research programs may provide the means to improve understanding of the etiology of cancer in ADS. Together, these efforts will improve prevention, early detection, and clinical management, thus improving the outcomes of ADS and preserving force readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann A Lovejoy
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Rachel E Ellsworth
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Windber, PA 15963, USA
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Tettamanti G, Kuja-Halkola R, Lavebratt C, Talbäck M, Viktorin A, Scheurer ME, Feychting M, Adel Fahmideh M. Heritability of nervous system tumors: a sibling-based design. Front Oncol 2024; 13:928008. [PMID: 38298439 PMCID: PMC10828969 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.928008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The contribution of genetic and environmental factors to susceptibility to nervous system tumors remains unclear. We performed a quantitative genetic study using a sibling design to estimate the heritability of nervous system tumors, as well as the proportion of the risk of these tumors, which is attributable to environmental factors. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using Swedish National Register data. All individuals born in Sweden during 1950-2010 with available information on both biological parents were included. A Multi-Generation Register was used to identify family clusters, including both full- and half-siblings. Initially, one index person was randomly selected from each cluster containing only full siblings and one sibling was randomly assigned to this index person. Subsequently, within each of the remaining clusters of full- and half-siblings, an index person was randomly selected, and a half-sibling was randomly assigned to this index person. Among the randomly selected siblings, cases of nervous system tumors were identified using the cancer registry. Quantitative genetic models were used to estimate the proportion of the variance in nervous system tumors attributable to additive genetic factors, shared environment, and individual-specific environment. Results The heritability of nervous system tumors was estimated to be 29% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 19%-39%), while the contribution of the non-shared environment to the variance of nervous system tumors was estimated to be 71% (95% CI = 61%-81%). The shared environmental parameter was estimated as zero in the full model. Conclusion The variation in susceptibility to nervous system tumors is predominantly attributable to non-shared environmental factors, followed by genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Tettamanti
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Talbäck
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Feychting
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maral Adel Fahmideh
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Pinson H, Silversmit G, Vanhauwaert D, Vanschoenbeek K, Okito JPK, De Vleeschouwer S, Boterberg T, De Gendt C. Epidemiology and survival of adult-type diffuse glioma in Belgium during the molecular era. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:191-202. [PMID: 37651614 PMCID: PMC10768998 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival data of diffuse adult-type glioma is mostly based on prospective clinical trials or small retrospective cohort studies. Real-world data with large patient cohorts is currently lacking. METHODS Using the nationwide, population-based Belgian Cancer Registry, all known histological reports of patients diagnosed with an adult-type diffuse glioma in Belgium between 2017 and 2019 were reviewed. The ICD-O-3 morphology codes were matched with the histological diagnosis. The gathered data were transformed into the 2021 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumors using the IDH- and 1p/19q-mutation status. RESULTS Between 2017 and 2019, 2233 diffuse adult-type gliomas were diagnosed in Belgium. Full molecular status was available in 67.1% of identified cases. The age-standardized incidence rate of diffuse adult-type glioma in Belgium was estimated at 8.55 per 100 000 person-years and 6.72 per 100 000 person-years for grade 4 lesions. Median overall survival time in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma was 9.3 months, significantly shorter compared to grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytoma (median survival time: 25.9 months). The 3-year survival probability was 86.0% and 75.7% for grades 2 and 3 IDH-mutated astrocytoma. IDH-wild-type astrocytoma has a worse prognosis with a 3-year survival probability of 31.6% for grade 2 and 5.7% for grade 3 lesions. CONCLUSIONS This registry-based study presents a large cohort of adult-type diffuse glioma with known molecular status and uses real-world survival data. It adds to the current literature which is mainly based on historical landmark trials and smaller retrospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Pinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for experimental neurosurgery and neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Boterberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Malbari F. Pediatric Neuro-oncology. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:1680-1709. [PMID: 38085894 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews the most common pediatric brain tumors, neurocutaneous syndromes, treatment-related neurotoxicities, and the long-term outcomes of survivors. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS In the era of molecular diagnostics, the classification, management, and prognostication of pediatric brain tumors and neurocutaneous syndromes has been refined, resulting in advancements in patient management. Molecular diagnostics have been incorporated into the most recent World Health Organization 2021 classification. This knowledge has allowed for novel therapeutic approaches targeting the biology of these tumors with the intent to improve overall survival, decrease treatment-related morbidity, and improve quality of life. Advances in management have led to better survival, but mortality remains high and significant morbidity persists. Current clinical trials focus on tumor biology targeted therapy, deescalation of therapy, and multimodal intensified approaches with targeted therapy in more high-risk tumors. ESSENTIAL POINTS Molecular diagnostics for pediatric brain tumors and neurocutaneous syndromes have led to novel therapeutic approaches targeting the biology of these tumors with the goals of improving overall survival and decreasing treatment-related morbidity. Further understanding will lead to continued refinement and improvement of tumor classification, management, and prognostication.
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21
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Baenas N, Vega-García A, Manjarrez-Marmolejo J, Moreno DA, Feria-Romero IA. The preventive effects of broccoli bioactives against cancer: Evidence from a validated rat glioma model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115720. [PMID: 37839110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggressive and incurable diffuse gliomas constitute 80% of malignant brain tumors, and patients succumb to recurrent surgeries and drug resistance. Epidemiological research indicates that substantial consumption of fruits and vegetables diminishes the risk of developing this tumor type. Broccoli consumption has shown beneficial effects in both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. These effects are partially attributed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), which can regulate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, stimulate detoxifying enzymes, and activate cellular antioxidant defense processes. This study employs a C6 rat glioma model to assess the chemoprotective potential of aqueous extracts from broccoli seeds, sprouts, and inflorescences, all rich in SFN, and pure SFN as positive control. The findings reveal that administering a dose of 100 mg/kg of broccoli sprout aqueous extract and 0.1 mg/kg of SFN to animals for 30 days before introducing 1 × 104 cells effectively halts tumor growth and progression. This study underscores the significance of exploring foods abundant in bioactive compounds, such as derivatives of broccoli, for potential preventive integration into daily diets. Using broccoli sprouts as a natural defense against cancer development might seem idealistic, yet this investigation establishes that administering this extract proves to be a valuable approach in designing strategies for glioma prevention. Although the findings stem from a rat glioma model, they offer promising insights for subsequent preclinical and clinical research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Angélica Vega-García
- Neurological Diseases Medical Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manjarrez-Marmolejo
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab (LabFAS), Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo - 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Iris A Feria-Romero
- Neurological Diseases Medical Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
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22
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Frandsen S, Pedersen AJ, Gredal O, Møller S, Geissler UW, Nørøxe DS. Treatment of glioblastoma in Greenlandic patients. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2285077. [PMID: 37992407 PMCID: PMC10997297 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2285077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), WHO grade IV, is the most common primary malignant brain tumour among adults with a devastating overall survival of 14-22 months. Standard treatment of GBM includes maximum safe resection, radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ), given over a period of approximately 9 months. Treatment and follow-up for Greenlandic patients with GBM are managed at Rigshospitalet (RH), Copenhagen. Greenlandic GBM patients, therefore, travel back and forth to RH, often unaccompanied, and challenged by cognitive failure or other symptoms from their disease and/or treatment. Few Greenlandic patients are diagnosed with GBM annually, but considering the poor prognosis and short remaining lifespan, it would be preferable to limit their travels. TMZ is administrated as capsules. Health personnel at Queen Ingrid's Hospital (DIH), Nuuk, are trained in treating other oncological diseases and handling side effects. Hence, it could be investigated whether administration of adjuvant TMZ at DIH could be feasible after personnel education as well as economic consideration and compensation, in close collaboration with neuro oncologists at RH. In this article, we describe the Greenlandic cancer treatment, and the typical workflow from diagnosis of GBM to treatment to progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Frandsen
- Department of Medicine, Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Gredal
- Department of Medicine, Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Søren Møller
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte Schou Nørøxe
- Department of Medicine, Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DCCC Brain Tumor Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Weber CAM, Krönke N, Volk V, Auber B, Förster A, Trost D, Geffers R, Esmaeilzadeh M, Lalk M, Nabavi A, Samii A, Krauss JK, Feuerhake F, Hartmann C, Wiese B, Brand F, Weber RG. Rare germline variants in POLE and POLD1 encoding the catalytic subunits of DNA polymerases ε and δ in glioma families. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:184. [PMID: 37990341 PMCID: PMC10664377 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in the DNA polymerase genes POLE and POLD1 cause polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis, a dominantly inherited disorder with increased risk of colorectal carcinomas and other tumors. POLE/POLD1 variants may result in high somatic mutation and neoantigen loads that confer susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To explore the role of POLE/POLD1 germline variants in glioma predisposition, whole-exome sequencing was applied to leukocyte DNA of glioma patients from 61 tumor families with at least one glioma case each. Rare heterozygous POLE/POLD1 missense variants predicted to be deleterious were identified in glioma patients from 10 (16%) families, co-segregating with the tumor phenotype in families with available DNA from several tumor patients. Glioblastoma patients carrying rare POLE variants had a mean overall survival of 21 months. Additionally, germline variants in POLD1, located at 19q13.33, were detected in 2/34 (6%) patients with 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas, while POLE variants were identified in 2/4 (50%) glioblastoma patients with a spinal metastasis. In 13/15 (87%) gliomas from patients carrying POLE/POLD1 variants, features of defective polymerase proofreading, e.g. hypermutation, POLE/POLD1-associated mutational signatures, multinucleated cells, and increased intratumoral T cell response, were observed. In a CRISPR/Cas9-derived POLE-deficient LN-229 glioblastoma cell clone, a mutator phenotype and delayed S phase progression were detected compared to wildtype POLE cells. Our data provide evidence that rare POLE/POLD1 germline variants predispose to gliomas that may be susceptible to ICIs. Data compiled here suggest that glioma patients carrying POLE/POLD1 variants may be recognized by cutaneous manifestations, e.g. café-au-lait macules, and benefit from surveillance colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A M Weber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Krönke
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valery Volk
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Auber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alisa Förster
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lalk
- Department of Neurosurgery, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arya Nabavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amir Samii
- Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friedrich Feuerhake
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Henriettenstift, Diakovere Krankenhaus gGmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Brand
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruthild G Weber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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24
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Siegel DA, King JB, Lupo PJ, Durbin EB, Tai E, Mills K, Van Dyne E, Lunsford NB, Henley SJ, Wilson RJ. Counts, incidence rates, and trends of pediatric cancer in the United States, 2003-2019. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1337-1354. [PMID: 37433078 PMCID: PMC11018256 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading cause of death by disease among children and adolescents in the United States. This study updates cancer incidence rates and trends using the most recent and comprehensive US cancer registry data available. METHODS We used data from US Cancer Statistics to evaluate counts, age-adjusted incidence rates, and trends among children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age diagnosed with malignant tumors between 2003 and 2019. We calculated the average annual percent change (APC) and APC using joinpoint regression. Rates and trends were stratified by demographic and geographic characteristics and by cancer type. RESULTS With 248 749 cases reported between 2003 and 2019, the overall cancer incidence rate was 178.3 per 1 million; incidence rates were highest for leukemia (46.6), central nervous system neoplasms (30.8), and lymphoma (27.3). Rates were highest for males, children 0 to 4 years of age, Non-Hispanic White children and adolescents, those in the Northeast census region, the top 25% of counties by economic status, and metropolitan counties with a population of 1 million people or more. Although the overall incidence rate of pediatric cancer increased 0.5% per year on average between 2003 and 2019, the rate increased between 2003 and 2016 (APC = 1.1%), and then decreased between 2016 and 2019 (APC = -2.1%). Between 2003 and 2019, rates of leukemia, lymphoma, hepatic tumors, bone tumors, and thyroid carcinomas increased, while melanoma rates decreased. Rates of central nervous system neoplasms increased until 2017, and then decreased. Rates of other cancer types remained stable. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of pediatric cancer increased overall, although increases were limited to certain cancer types. These findings may guide future public health and research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Siegel
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica B. King
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric B. Durbin
- Kentucky Cancer Registry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric Tai
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathi Mills
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Van Dyne
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natasha Buchanan Lunsford
- Office of the Director, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S. Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Reda J. Wilson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Braidotti S, Curci D, Zampieri D, Covino C, Zanon D, Maximova N, Sala R. Iron Bioavailability in the Extracellular Environment Is More Relevant Than the Intracellular One in Viability and Gene Expression: A Lesson from Oligodendroglioma Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2940. [PMID: 38001941 PMCID: PMC10668974 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendroglioma (OG) is a brain tumor that contributes to <1% of brain tumor diagnoses in the pediatric population. Unfortunately, pediatric OG remains without definitive molecular characteristics to aid in diagnosis, and little is known about the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells' metabolism and proliferation rate are generally higher than those of healthy cells, so their iron demand is also significantly higher. This consideration underlines the great importance of iron for tumor development and progression. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the effect of iron in a cellular in vitro model of human oligodendroglioma brain tumor. Cell morphology, the effect of siderotic medium on cell growth, iron uptake, and the expression of iron-metabolism-related genes were evaluated via optic microscopy, ICP-MS, confocal microscopy, and real-time PCR, respectively. This study underlines the great importance of iron for tumor development and progression and also the possibility of reducing the available iron concentration to determine an antiproliferative effect on OG. Therefore, every attempt can be promising to defeat OG for which there are currently no long-term curative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Braidotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Debora Curci
- Advanced Translational Diagnostic Laboratory, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Cesare Covino
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy Imaging Centre (ALEMBIC), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Davide Zanon
- Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Natalia Maximova
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Roberto Sala
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
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26
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Dewdney B, Jenkins MR, Best SA, Freytag S, Prasad K, Holst J, Endersby R, Johns TG. From signalling pathways to targeted therapies: unravelling glioblastoma's secrets and harnessing two decades of progress. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:400. [PMID: 37857607 PMCID: PMC10587102 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a rare, and highly lethal form of brain cancer, poses significant challenges in terms of therapeutic resistance, and poor survival rates for both adult and paediatric patients alike. Despite advancements in brain cancer research driven by a technological revolution, translating our understanding of glioblastoma pathogenesis into improved clinical outcomes remains a critical unmet need. This review emphasises the intricate role of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms, and metabolic functions in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and therapeutic resistance. We also discuss the extensive efforts over the past two decades that have explored targeted therapies against these pathways. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as antibody-toxin conjugates or CAR T cell therapies, offer potential by specifically targeting proteins on the glioblastoma cell surface. Combination strategies incorporating protein-targeted therapy and immune-based therapies demonstrate great promise for future clinical research. Moreover, gaining insights into the role of cell-of-origin in glioblastoma treatment response holds the potential to advance precision medicine approaches. Addressing these challenges is crucial to improving outcomes for glioblastoma patients and moving towards more effective precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Dewdney
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Misty R Jenkins
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Best
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Krishneel Prasad
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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27
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Guo ZY, Zhong ZA, Peng P, Liu Y, Chen F. A scoring system categorizing risk factors to evaluate the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt in pediatric patients after brain tumor resection. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1248553. [PMID: 37916175 PMCID: PMC10616891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1248553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop a scoring system based on independent predictors of the need for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt after brain tumor resection in pediatric patients. Methods A total of 416 pediatric patients (≤ 14 years old) with brain tumors who underwent surgery were randomly assigned to the training (n = 333) and validation cohorts (n = 83). Based on the implementation of VP shunt, the training cohort was divided into the VP shunt group (n = 35) and the non-VP shunt group (n = 298). Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed. A scoring system was developed based on clinical characteristics and operative data, and scores and corresponding risks were calculated. Results Age < 3 (p = 0.010, odds ratio [OR] = 3.162), blood loss (BL) (p = 0.005, OR = 1.300), midline tumor location (p < 0.001, OR = 5.750), preoperative hydrocephalus (p = 0.001, OR = 7.044), and total resection (p = 0.025, OR = 0.284) were identified as independent predictors. The area under the curve (AUC) of the scoring system was higher than those of age < 3, BL, midline tumor location, preoperative hydrocephalus, and total resection (0.859 vs. 0.598, 0.717, 0.725, 0.705, and 0.555, respectively; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the scoring system showed good performance in the validation cohort (AUC = 0.971). The cutoff value for predictive scores was 5.5 points, which categorized patients into low risk (0-5 points) and high risk (6-14 points) groups. Conclusions Our scoring system, integrating age < 3, BL, midline tumor location, preoperative hydrocephalus, and total resection, provides a practical evaluation. Scores ranging from 6 to 14 points indicate high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zi-An Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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28
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Ostrom QT, Price M, Neff C, Cioffi G, Waite KA, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2016-2020. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:iv1-iv99. [PMID: 37793125 PMCID: PMC10550277 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous CBTRUS reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 24.83 per 100,000 population (malignant AAAIR=6.94 and non-malignant AAAIR=17.88). This overall rate was higher in females compared to males (27.85 versus 21.62 per 100,000) and non-Hispanic persons compared to Hispanic persons (25.24 versus 22.61 per 100,000). Gliomas accounted for 26.3% of all tumors. The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS histopathology was glioblastoma (14.2% of all tumors and 50.9% of all malignant tumors), and the most common predominantly non-malignant histopathology was meningioma (40.8% of all tumors and 56.2% of all non-malignant tumors). Glioblastomas were more common in males, and meningiomas were more common in females. In children and adolescents (ages 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.13 per 100,000 population. There were 86,030 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2016 and 2020. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.42 per 100,000 population and an average of 17,206 deaths per year. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 35.7%, for a non-malignant brain and other CNS tumor the five-year relative survival rate was 91.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Ostrom
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mackenzie Price
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Corey Neff
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gino Cioffi
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
- Trans Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin A Waite
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
- Trans Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol Kruchko
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
- Trans Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (CBIIT), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Onishi S, Yamasaki F, Kinoshita Y, Amatya VJ, Takayasu T, Yonezawa U, Taguchi A, Go Y, Takeshima Y, Horie N. Characteristics and therapeutic strategies of brain and cranial radiation-induced sarcoma: analysis of 165 cases from our case experience and comprehensive review. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2023; 53:905-911. [PMID: 37461193 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is among the neoplasms potentially caused by radiation therapy (RT) for brain tumors. However, the clinical characteristics of and ideal treatment for RIS are unclear. We analysed our case experience and conducted a comprehensive literature review to reveal the characteristics of brain and cranial RIS. METHODS We analysed 165 cases of RIS from the literature together with the RIS case treated at our institution. In each case, the latency period from irradiation to the development of each RIS and the median overall survival (OS) of the patients was analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Spearman's correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the latency period and radiation dose or age at irradiation. RESULTS The mean age at the development of RIS was 39.63 ± 17.84 years. The mean latency period was 11.79 ± 8.09 years. No factors associated with early development of RIS were detected. The median OS was 11 months, with fibrosarcoma showing significantly shorter OS compared with osteosarcoma and other sarcomas (p = 0.0021), and intracranial RIS showing a worse prognosis than extracranial RIS (p < 0.0001). Patients treated with surgery (p < 0.0001) and postoperative chemotherapy (p = 0.0157) for RIS presented significantly longer OS, whereas RT for RIS was not associated with a survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS Although prognosis for RIS is universally poor, pathological characteristics and locations are associated with worse prognosis. Surgery and chemotherapy may be the ideal treatment strategies for RIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Onishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Fumiyuki Yamasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yasuyuki Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Vishwa J Amatya
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takeshi Takayasu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Ushio Yonezawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Akira Taguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yukari Go
- Medical Division Technical Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Nobutaka Horie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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30
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I Kh Almadhoun MK, Hattab AAW. Pediatric Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Challenging Case of Rapid Growth and Clinical Deterioration in an 11-Year-Old Female Patient. Cureus 2023; 15:e47697. [PMID: 38021881 PMCID: PMC10674094 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor that primarily affects adults, with cases in children being extremely rare. Gross total resection with subsequent irradiation and temozolomide, currently delivering the greatest overall survival, is the mainstay of therapy for juvenile GBM. Maximal surgical excision of the visible tumor mass has been shown to have a positive prognostic effect, but radiation concerns for growing brains and inconsistent results from different chemotherapy regimens in pediatric GBM make treatment choices for young patients challenging. Here, we report a case of GBM in an 11-year-old female child who presented with a dramatic presentation of neurologic deficits and clinical worsening due to rapid tumor growth.
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31
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Shen LT, Ge MW, Hu FH, Jia YJ, Tang W, Zhang WQ, Zhao DY, Shen WQ, Chen HL. The connection between six common air pollution particles and adult brain tumors: a meta-analysis of 26,217,930 individuals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108525-108537. [PMID: 37783991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental air pollutants (black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with diameter <10 μm (PM10), and ozone (O3)) are one of the major menaces to mankind's health globally. This analysis reviews the association between exposure to these air pollutants and the chance of developing brain tumors in adults (total brain tumors, malignant brain tumors, and benign brain tumors). Studies published by April 2022 were searched. Raw effect sizes were converted to standardized effect sizes per 10 μg/m3 increase. Random effect models were applied to calculate combined effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. A total of 8 articles were included for meta-analysis. The pooled effect size (ES) for per 10 μg/m3 BC intake was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.25, 2.22), P = 0.449. For every 10 μg/m3 rise in NO2 concentration, ES was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.05), P = 0.319. Meanwhile, there was a boundary association between NOx and adult brain tumors (ES and 95% CI: 1.01; 1.00, 1.01/10 μg/m3; P = 0.716). While there was no conjunction between PM2.5, PM10, O3 (PM2.5: ES and 95% CI: 1.04; 0.99, 1.08/10 μg/m3; P = 0.834; PM10: ES and 95% CI: 1.01; 0.97, 1.04/10 μg/m3; P = 0.627; O3: ES and 95% CI: 0.97; 0.94, 1.00/10 μg/m3; P = 0.253). This research shows testimony of a significant link between air pollutants and brain tumors in adults, especially when exposed to BC, NO2, and NOx. This evidence emphasizes the importance of improving air quality as part of a comprehensive approach to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ting Shen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Wei Ge
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Hong Hu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jie Jia
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Tang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Qing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yan Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Qin Shen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lin Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Wen J, Liu F, Cheng Q, Weygant N, Liang X, Fan F, Li C, Zhang L, Liu Z. Applications of organoid technology to brain tumors. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:2725-2743. [PMID: 37248629 PMCID: PMC10493676 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacking appropriate model impedes basic and preclinical researches of brain tumors. Organoids technology applying on brain tumors enables great recapitulation of the original tumors. Here, we compared brain tumor organoids (BTOs) with common models including cell lines, tumor spheroids, and patient-derived xenografts. Different BTOs can be customized to research objectives and particular brain tumor features. We systematically introduce the establishments and strengths of four different BTOs. BTOs derived from patient somatic cells are suitable for mimicking brain tumors caused by germline mutations and abnormal neurodevelopment, such as the tuberous sclerosis complex. BTOs derived from human pluripotent stem cells with genetic manipulations endow for identifying and understanding the roles of oncogenes and processes of oncogenesis. Brain tumoroids are the most clinically applicable BTOs, which could be generated within clinically relevant timescale and applied for drug screening, immunotherapy testing, biobanking, and investigating brain tumor mechanisms, such as cancer stem cells and therapy resistance. Brain organoids co-cultured with brain tumors (BO-BTs) own the greatest recapitulation of brain tumors. Tumor invasion and interactions between tumor cells and brain components could be greatly explored in this model. BO-BTs also offer a humanized platform for testing the therapeutic efficacy and side effects on neurons in preclinical trials. We also introduce the BTOs establishment fused with other advanced techniques, such as 3D bioprinting. So far, over 11 brain tumor types of BTOs have been established, especially for glioblastoma. We conclude BTOs could be a reliable model to understand brain tumors and develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Fangkun Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Xisong Liang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chuntao Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Nikmanesh Y, Mohammadi MJ, Yousefi H, Mansourimoghadam S, Taherian M. The effect of long-term exposure to toxic air pollutants on the increased risk of malignant brain tumors. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:519-530. [PMID: 35767733 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toxic air pollutants are one of the most agent that have many acute, chronic and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) on human health under long or short-term exposure has been raised from the past to the present. The aim of this study was investigation effect of long-term exposure to toxic air pollutants on the increased risk of malignant brain tumors. Databases used to for searched were the PubMed, Web of Science, Springer and Science Direct (Scopus) and Google Scholar. 71 papers based on abstract and article text filtered. In the end after sieve we selected 7 papers. Identify all relevant studies published 1970-2022. The literature showed that exposure to toxic air pollutants and their respiration can cause disorders in different parts of the brain by transmission through the circulatory system and other mechanisms. Various unpleasant abnormalities are caused by the inhalation of toxic air pollutants in the human body that some of the most common of them include chronic lung disease, coronary heart disease and heart attacks, strokes and brain diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and multiple Sclerosis), cancers (liver, blood, prostate and brain) and eventually death. According to the finding brain health and proper functioning can be easily disrupted by various genetic or external factors such as air pollution, causing a wide range of abnormalities in the brain and malignant brain tumors. The results of this study showed that reducing the concentration of toxic pollutants in the air, that exposure to them play an increasing role in the development of brain diseases can slow down the process of abnormalities in the brain and will have significant impacts on reducing the number of people affected by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Nikmanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Homayon Yousefi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Masoume Taherian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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34
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Foss-Skiftesvik J, Li S, Rosenbaum A, Hagen CM, Stoltze UK, Ljungqvist S, Hjalmars U, Schmiegelow K, Morimoto L, de Smith AJ, Mathiasen R, Metayer C, Hougaard D, Melin B, Walsh KM, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Dahlin AM, Wiemels JL. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 4069 children with glioma identifies 9p21.3 risk locus. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1709-1720. [PMID: 36810956 PMCID: PMC10484172 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent sequencing studies have revealed that 10% of childhood gliomas are caused by rare germline mutations, the role of common variants is undetermined and no genome-wide significant risk loci for pediatric central nervous system tumors have been identified to date. METHODS Meta-analysis of 3 population-based genome-wide association studies comprising 4069 children with glioma and 8778 controls of multiple genetic ancestries. Replication was performed in a separate case-control cohort. Quantitative trait loci analyses and a transcriptome-wide association study were conducted to assess possible links with brain tissue expression across 18 628 genes. RESULTS Common variants in CDKN2B-AS1 at 9p21.3 were significantly associated with astrocytoma, the most common subtype of glioma in children (rs573687, P-value of 6.974e-10, OR 1.273, 95% CI 1.179-1.374). The association was driven by low-grade astrocytoma (P-value of 3.815e-9) and exhibited unidirectional effects across all 6 genetic ancestries. For glioma overall, the association approached genome-wide significance (rs3731239, P-value of 5.411e-8), while no significant association was observed for high-grade tumors. Predicted decreased brain tissue expression of CDKN2B was significantly associated with astrocytoma (P-value of 8.090e-8). CONCLUSIONS In this population-based genome-wide association study meta-analysis, we identify and replicate 9p21.3 (CDKN2B-AS1) as a risk locus for childhood astrocytoma, thereby establishing the first genome-wide significant evidence of common variant predisposition in pediatric neuro-oncology. We furthermore provide a functional basis for the association by showing a possible link to decreased brain tissue CDKN2B expression and substantiate that genetic susceptibility differs between low- and high-grade astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Foss-Skiftesvik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Neonatal Genetics, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adam Rosenbaum
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Ulrik Kristoffer Stoltze
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Ljungqvist
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hjalmars
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Libby Morimoto
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adam J de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - René Mathiasen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - David Hougaard
- Section for Neonatal Genetics, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Division of Neuro-Epidemiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Anna M Dahlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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35
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Jang S, Choi HG, Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kim SY. Association between the Use of Statins and Brain Tumors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2247. [PMID: 37626743 PMCID: PMC10452399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of statin use on the incidence of brain tumors. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2005 to 2019 was used. The 1893 patients who were diagnosed with brain tumors were matched with 7572 control patients for demographic variables. The history of dyslipidemia was collected, and their history of prescription of statins before diagnosis of brain tumor was examined. The participants without dyslipidemia were set as a reference population. Then, the odds for brain tumors were analyzed in dyslipidemia patients without statin use, dyslipidemia patients who were prescribed statins for less than 365 days, and dyslipidemia patients who were prescribed statins for 365 days or more. Propensity score overlap weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was used and adjusted for demographics and comorbidities. Secondary analyses were conducted according to types of statins, malignancy of brain tumors, and histories of demographics or comorbidities. A total of 11.78% of brain tumor patients and 10.95% of control participants had histories of statin use for 365 days or more. Dyslipidemia patients with 365 days or more duration of statin use demonstrated 1.22 times higher odds for brain tumors than normal participants (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.06-1.14, p = 0.007). Dyslipidemia patients with less than 365 days of statin use had higher odds of brain tumors than other groups (odds ratio = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.36-1.87, p < 0.001). The higher odds for brain tumors in short-term statin users (<365 days) than in long-term statin users (≥365 days) were consistent in secondary analyses according to types of statins, malignancy of brain tumors, and histories of demographics or comorbidities. Long-term statin use in dyslipidemia patients was related to a lower risk of brain tumors than short-term statin use in patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Jang
- Department of Public Health, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo Gun Choi
- Mdanalytics, Seoul 06349, Republic of Korea;
- Suseoseoulent Clinic, Seoul 06349, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
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Cheng S, McLaughlin JR, Brown MC, Al-Sawaihey H, Rutka J, Bouffet E, Hawkins C, Cairney AE, Ranger A, Fleming AJ, Johnston D, Greenberg M, Malkin D, Hung RJ. Maternal and childhood medical history and the risk of childhood brain tumours: a case-control study in Ontario, Canada. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:318-324. [PMID: 37165200 PMCID: PMC10338441 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies to date have yielded inconclusive results as to whether maternal medical history during pregnancy, and a child's early-life medical history contribute to the development of childhood brain tumours (CBTs). This study examined associations between maternal and childhood medical history and the risk of CBTs. METHODS The Childhood Brain Tumour Epidemiology Study of Ontario (CBREO) examined children 0-15 years of age with newly diagnosed CBTs from 1997 to 2003. Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined associations for prenatal medications and childhood medical history, adjusted for child's demographics, and maternal education. Analyses were stratified by histology. A latency period analysis was conducted using 12- and 24-month lead times. RESULTS Maternal intake of immunosuppressants during the prenatal period was significantly associated with glial tumours (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.17-6.39). Childhood intake of anti-epileptics was significantly associated with CBTs overall, after accounting for 12-month (OR 8.51, 95% CI 3.35-21.63) and 24-month (OR 6.04, 95% CI 2.06-17.70) lead time before diagnosis. No associations for other medications were found. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the need to examine potential carcinogenic effects of the medication classes highlighted and of the indication of medication use. Despite possible reverse causality, increased CBT surveillance for children with epilepsy might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Cheng
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Catherine Brown
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hamad Al-Sawaihey
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Rutka
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Adrianna Ranger
- Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J Fleming
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Donna Johnston
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Greenberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Bauchet L, Sanson M. Deciphering gliomagenesis from genome-wide association studies. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1366-1367. [PMID: 36915962 PMCID: PMC10326471 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bauchet
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- French Brain Tumor DataBase, Registre des Tumeurs de l’Hérault, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France
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38
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Uddin M, Dhanta R, Pitti T, Barsasella D, Scholl J, Jian WS, Li YCJ, Hsu MH, Syed-Abdul S. Incidence and Mortality of Malignant Brain Tumors after 20 Years of Mobile Use. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3492. [PMID: 37444602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: This population-based study was performed to examine the trends of incidence and deaths due to malignant neoplasm of the brain (MNB) in association with mobile phone usage for a period of 20 years (January 2000-December 2019) in Taiwan. (2) Methods: Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and joinpoint regression analysis were used to examine the trends of incidence of MNB and deaths due to MNB in association with mobile phone usage. (3) Results: The findings indicate a trend of increase in the number of mobile phone users over the study period, accompanied by a slight rise in the incidence and death rates of MNB. The compound annual growth rates further support these observations, highlighting consistent growth in mobile phone users and a corresponding increase in MNB incidences and deaths. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest a weaker association between the growing number of mobile phone users and the rising rates of MNB, and no significant correlation was observed between MNB incidences and deaths and mobile phone usage. Ultimately, it is important to acknowledge that conclusive results cannot be drawn at this stage and further investigation is required by considering various other confounding factors and potential risks to obtain more definitive findings and a clearer picture.
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Grants
- 106-2923-E-038-001-MY2, 107-2923-E-038-001 -MY2, 106-2221-E-038-005, 108-2221-E-038-013, 110-2923-E-038-001-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 106-3805-004-111, 106-3805-018-110, 108-3805-009-110 Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- 108-6604-002-400 Ministry of Education, Taiwan
- 106TMU-WFH-01-4 Wanfang hospital, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohy Uddin
- Research Quality Management Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rozy Dhanta
- Faculty of Management Sciences and Liberal Arts, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 508976, India
| | - Thejkiran Pitti
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Diana Barsasella
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 15F., No. 172-1, Sec. 2, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Records and Health Information, Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya 6574, Indonesia
| | | | - Wen-Shan Jian
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Jack Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 15F., No. 172-1, Sec. 2, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, 15F., No. 172-1, Sec. 2, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shabbir Syed-Abdul
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 15F., No. 172-1, Sec. 2, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Ashraf NS, Mahjabeen I, Hussain MZ, Rizwan M, Arshad M, Mehmood A, Haris MS, Kayani MA. Role of exosomal miRNA-19a/ 19b and PTEN in brain tumor diagnosis. Future Oncol 2023; 19:1563-1576. [PMID: 37577782 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of the exosomal miRNAs miR-19a and miR-19b and the PTEN gene in brain tumor patients versus controls. Methods: Exosomes were extracted from the serum samples of 400 brain tumor patients and 400 healthy controls. The exosomes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and ELISA. Quantitative PCR was used to analyze selected exosome miRNAs and gene expression levels. Results: Analysis showed significant deregulated expression of miR-19a (p < 0.0001), miR-19b (p < 0.0001) and PTEN (p < 0.001) in patients versus controls. Spearman correlation showed a significant correlation among the selected exosomal miRNAs and the PTEN gene. Conclusion: Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the good diagnostic value of exosomal miRNAs and the PTEN gene in brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Sarosh Ashraf
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Hussain
- Department of Rheumatology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Arshad
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Mehmood
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz Haris
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
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Li Y, Drappatz J. Advances in the systemic therapy for recurrent meningiomas and the challenges ahead. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:995-1004. [PMID: 37695700 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2254498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Meningiomas represent the most common primary neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS). 20% present with atypical (WHO grade II) or malignant (grade III) meningiomas, which show aggressive biologic behavior and high recurrence. Although surgical resection and radiation therapy are the primary treatment options for these tumors, there is a subgroup of patients who do not respond well to or are poor candidates for these approaches, leading to the exploration of systemic therapies as an alternative. AREAS COVERED The literature on different therapeutic groups of systemic drugs for recurrent meningiomas is reviewed, with a focus on the different molecular targets. Past and current ongoing clinical trials are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION To date, there is no recognized treatment that has demonstrated a substantial increase in progression-free or overall survival rates. Nonetheless, therapies targeting anti-VEGF have exhibited more encouraging results in general. The examination of genomic and epigenomic traits of meningiomas, along with the integration of molecular markers into the latest WHO tumor grading system, has provided valuable insights. This has opened avenues for exploring numerous intracellular and extracellular pathways, as well as mutations, that have been targeted in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Singh S, Diwakar A, Singh RK. BCG vaccination policy, natural boosting and pediatric brain and CNS tumor incidences. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174006. [PMID: 37383238 PMCID: PMC10295148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination supposedly imparts and augments "trained immunity" that cross-protects against multiple unrelated pathogens and enhances general immune surveillance. Gradual reductions in tuberculosis burden over the last 3-5 decades have resulted in the withdrawal of BCG vaccination mandates from developed industrialized countries while reducing to a single neonatal shot in the rest. Concurrently, a steady increase in early childhood Brain and CNS (BCNS) tumors has occurred. Though immunological causes of pediatric BCNS cancer are suspected, the identification of a causal protective variable with intervention potential has remained elusive. An examination of the countries with contrasting vaccination policies indicates significantly lower BCNS cancer incidence in 0-4-year-olds (per hundredthousand) of countries following neonatal BCG inoculations (n=146) vs. non-BCG countries (n=33) [Mean: 1.26 vs. 2.64; Median: 0.985 vs. 2.8; IQR: 0.31-2.0 vs. 2.4-3.2; P=<0.0001 (two-tailed)]. Remarkably, natural Mycobacterium spp. reexposure likelihood is negatively correlated with BCNS cancer incidence in 0-4-year-olds of all affected countries [r(154): -0.6085, P=<0.0001]. Seemingly, neonatal BCG vaccination and natural "boosting" are associated with a 15-20-fold lower BCNS cancer incidence. In this opinion article, we attempt to synthesize existing evidence implying the immunological basis of early childhood BCNS cancer incidence and briefly indicate possible causes that could have precluded objective analysis of the existing data in the past. We draw the attention of the stakeholders to consider the comprehensive evaluation of immune training as a potential protective variable through well-designed controlled clinical trials or registry-based studies as feasible for its potential applications in reducing childhood BCNS cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Amita Diwakar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Han YP, Lin HW, Li H. Cancer Stem Cells in Tumours of the Central Nervous System in Children: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3154. [PMID: 37370764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells found in various kinds of tumours with stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal, induced differentiation, and tumourigenicity. The existence of CSCs is regarded as a major source of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are the most common solid tumours in children, which have many different types including highly malignant embryonal tumours and midline gliomas, and low-grade gliomas with favourable prognoses. Stem cells from the CNS tumours have been largely found and reported by researchers in the last decade and their roles in tumour biology have been deeply studied. However, the cross-talk of CSCs among different CNS tumour types and their clinical impacts have been rarely discussed. This article comprehensively reviews the achievements in research on CSCs in paediatric CNS tumours. Biological functions, diagnostic values, and therapeutic perspectives are reviewed in detail. Further investigations into CSCs are warranted to improve the clinical practice in treating children with CNS tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hou-Wei Lin
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Jiaxing Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
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Cote DJ, Wang R, Morimoto LM, Metayer C, Zada G, Wiemels JL, Ma X. Association between birth characteristics and incidence of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma: a registry-based study in California, 2001-2015. Cancer Causes Control 2023:10.1007/s10552-023-01718-7. [PMID: 37225897 PMCID: PMC10363066 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between birth characteristics, including parental sociodemographic characteristics, and early-onset pituitary adenoma (PA) and craniopharyngioma. METHODS Leveraging the population-based California Linkage Study of Early-onset Cancers, we identified the birth characteristics of incident cases with PA (n = 1,749) or craniopharyngioma (n = 227) who were born from 1978 to 2015 and diagnosed 1988-2015, as well as controls in a 50:1 ratio matched on birth year. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates were computed using unconditional multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Males had a lower risk of PA than females (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.34-0.41), and Black (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.30-1.84) or Hispanic (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.34-1.74) individuals had a higher risk compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Older maternal age was positively associated with PA (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04-1.15 per 5 years, p < 0.01), as was higher maternal education (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.04-1.20 per year, p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant associations between birthweight (OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.99-1.09 per 500 g, p = 0.12), birth plurality, or birth order and PA. When stratified by race and ethnicity, the significant association with maternal education was identified only for non-Hispanic White individuals. On multivariable logistic regression, no statistically significant associations were identified between birth characteristics and incidence of craniopharyngioma, except that risk was higher among Hispanic (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.01-2.08) compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. CONCLUSION In this large, population-based study, female sex, older maternal age, higher maternal education, and Hispanic ethnicity and Black race compared to non-Hispanic White race, were associated with an increased risk of PA in children and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Cote
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 N. State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Libby M Morimoto
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Metayer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Zada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 N. State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Chen Y, Ma F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Shen H, Chen H. LncRNA-PVT1 was identified as a key regulator for TMZ resistance and STAT-related pathway in glioma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:455. [PMID: 37202742 PMCID: PMC10197392 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PVT1, a previously uncharacterized lncRNA, was identified as a critical regulator involved in multiple functions in tumor, including cell proliferation, cell motility, angiogenesis and so on. However, the clinical significance and underlying mechanism of PVT1 was not be fully explored in glioma. METHODS In this study, 1210 glioma samples with transcriptome data from three independent databases (CGGA RNA-seq, TCGA RNA-seq and GSE16011 cohorts) were enrolled in this study. Clinical information and genomic profiles containing somatic mutations and DNA copy numbers were collected from TCGA cohort. The R software was performed for statistical calculations and graphics. Furthermore, we validated the function of PVT1 in vitro. RESULTS The results indicated that higher PVT1 expression was associated with aggressive progression of glioma. Cases with higher PVT1 expression always accompanied by PTEN and EGFR alteration. In addition, functional analyses and western blot results suggested that PVT1 inhibited the sensitivity of TMZ chemotherapy via JAK/STAT signaling. Meanwhile, knockdown of PVT1 increased the sensitivity of TZM chemotherapy in vitro. Finally, high PVT1 expression was associated with reduced survival time and may serve as a strong prognostic indicator for gliomas. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that PVT1 expression strongly correlated with tumor progression and chemo-resistance. PVT1 may become a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7 WeiWu Street, 450003, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengjin Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7 WeiWu Street, 450003, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7 WeiWu Street, 450003, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanwei Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7 WeiWu Street, 450003, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7 WeiWu Street, 450003, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wang R, Cui J, Diao Y, Jin C, Chen Y, Lv X, Li X. Risk factor analysis and nomogram establishment and verification of brain astrocytoma patients based on SEER database. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7754. [PMID: 37173353 PMCID: PMC10182035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytoma is a common brain tumor that can occur in any part of the central nervous system. This tumor is extremely harmful to patients, and there are no clear studies on the risk factors for astrocytoma of the brain. This study was conducted based on the SEER database to determine the risk factors affecting the survival of patients with astrocytoma of the brain. Patients diagnosed with brain astrocytoma in the SEER database from 2004 to 2015 were screened by inclusion exclusion criteria. Final screened brain astrocytoma patients were classified into low grade and high grade according to WHO classification. The risk factors affecting the survival of patients with low-grade and high-grade brain astrocytoma were analyzed by univariate Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests, individually. Secondly, the data were randomly divided into training set and validation set according to the ratio of 7:3, and the training set data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and the risk factors affecting the survival of patients were screened and nomogram was established to predict the survival rates of patients at 3 years and 5 years. The area under the ROC curve (AUC value), C-index, and Calibration curve are used to evaluate the sensitivity and calibration of the model. Univariate Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test showed that the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with low-grade astrocytoma included Age, Primary site, Tumor histological type, Grade, Tumor size, Extension, Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy and Tumor number; risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with high-grade astrocytoma include Age, Primary site, Tumor histological type, Tumor size, Extension, Laterality, Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy and Tumor number. Through Cox regression, independent risk factors of patients with two grades were screened separately, and nomograms of risk factors for low-grade and high-grade astrocytoma were successfully established to predict the survival rate of patients at 3 and 5 years. The AUC values of low-grade astrocytoma training set patients were 0.829 and 0.801, and the C-index was 0.818 (95% CI 0.779, 0.857). The AUC values of patients in the validation set were 0.902, 0.829, and the C-index was 0.774 (95% CI 0.758, 0.790), respectively. The AUC values of high-grade astrocytoma training set patients were 0.814 and 0.806, the C-index was 0.774 (95% CI 0.758, 0.790), the AUC values of patients in the validation set were 0.802 and 0.823, and the C-index was 0.766 (95% CI 0.752, 0.780), respectively, and the calibration curves of the two levels of training set and validation set were well fitted. This study used data from the SEER database to identify risk factors affecting the survival prognosis of patients with brain astrocytoma, which can provide some guidance for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Liaoning Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jiaxue Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Liaoning Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yizhuo Diao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Liaoning Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chenxin Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Liaoning Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Liaoning Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiupeng Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, 116044, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Liaoning Dalian, 116044, China.
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Hu SQ, Guo ZY, Wan LJ, Chen ZR, Wan F. Blood Loss in Operation Is Independently Predictive of Postoperative Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Pediatric Patients With Posterior Fossa Tumors. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 144:119-125. [PMID: 37244218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the risk factors for postoperative hydrocephalus and the need for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt after posterior fossa tumor (PFT) resection in pediatric patients and establish a predictive model. METHODS A total of 217 pediatric patients (≤14 years old) with PFTs who underwent tumor resection from November 2010 to December 2020 were divided into a VP shunt group (n = 29) and non-VP shunt group (n = 188). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed. A predictive model was established based on the independent predictors. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the cutoff values and areas under the curve (AUCs). The Delong test was performed to compare the AUCs. RESULTS Age less than three years (P = 0.015, odds ratio [OR] = 3.760), blood loss (BL) (P = 0.002, OR = 1.601), and locations at fourth ventricle (P < 0.001, OR = 7.697) were the independent predictors. The predictive model was as follows: total score = age (<3; yes = 2, no = 0) + BL + tumor locations (fourth ventricle; yes = 5, no = 0). The AUC of our model was higher than those of age less than three years, BL, locations at the fourth ventricle, and compound factors (age <3 + locations) (0.842 vs 0.609, 0.734, 0.732, and 0.788, respectively). The cutoff values of the model and BL were 7.5 points and 2.75 U, respectively. CONCLUSIONS BL, age less than three years, and tumors at the fourth ventricle were independent predictors. Model scores over 7.5 points predict a high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong-Yin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zi-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Huang YK, Chang KC, Li CY, Lieu AS, Lin CL. AKR1B1 Represses Glioma Cell Proliferation through p38 MAPK-Mediated Bcl-2/BAX/Caspase-3 Apoptotic Signaling Pathways. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3391-3405. [PMID: 37185746 PMCID: PMC10136867 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) in glioma cell proliferation through p38 MAPK activation to control Bcl-2/BAX/caspase-3 apoptosis signaling. AKR1B1 expression was quantified in normal human astrocytes, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines, and normal tissues by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of AKR1B1 overexpression or knockdown and those of AKR1B1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) on glioma cell proliferation were determined using an MTT assay and Western blot, respectively. Furthermore, the AKR1B1 effect on BAX and Bcl-2 expression was examined in real-time by Western blot. A luminescence detection reagent was also utilized to identify the effect of AKR1B1 on caspase-3/7 activity. The early and late stages of AKR1B1-induced apoptosis were assessed by performing Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assays. AKR1B1 expression was significantly downregulated in glioma tissues and GBM cell lines (T98G and 8401). Glioma cell proliferation was inhibited by AKR1B1 overexpression but was slightly increased by AKR1B1 knockdown. Additionally, AKR1B1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and SB203580 reversed AKR1B1's inhibitory effect on glioma cell proliferation. AKR1B1 overexpression also inhibited Bcl-2 expression but increased BAX expression, whereas treatment with SB203580 reversed this phenomenon. Furthermore, AKR1B1 induced caspase-3/7 activity. The induction of early and late apoptosis by AKR1B1 was confirmed using an Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assay. In conclusion, AKR1B1 regulated glioma cell proliferation through the involvement of p38 MAPK-induced BAX/Bcl-2/caspase-3 apoptosis signaling. Therefore, AKR1B1 may serve as a new therapeutic target for glioma therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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48
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Cotache-Condor C, Kantety V, Grimm A, Williamson J, Landrum KR, Schroeder K, Staton C, Majaliwa E, Tang S, Rice HE, Smith ER. Determinants of delayed childhood cancer care in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30175. [PMID: 36579761 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Early access to care is essential to improve survival rates for childhood cancer. This study evaluates the determinants of delays in childhood cancer care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through a systematic review of the literature. We proposed a novel Three-Delay framework specific to childhood cancer in LMICs by summarizing 43 determinants and 24 risk factors of delayed cancer care from 95 studies. Traditional medicine, household income, lack of transportation, rural population, parental education, and travel distance influenced most domains of our framework. Our novel framework can be used as a policy tool toward improving cancer care and outcomes for children in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinootna Kantety
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Andie Grimm
- Birmingham's Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Kelsey R Landrum
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristin Schroeder
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine Staton
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Esther Majaliwa
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Shenglan Tang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry E Rice
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily R Smith
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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49
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Colopi A, Fuda S, Santi S, Onorato A, Cesarini V, Salvati M, Balistreri CR, Dolci S, Guida E. Impact of age and gender on glioblastoma onset, progression, and management. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111801. [PMID: 36996926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, while its frequency in pediatric patients is 10-15%. For this reason, age is considered one of the major risk factors for the development of GBM, as it correlates with cellular aging phenomena involving glial cells and favoring the process of tumor transformation. Gender differences have been also identified, as the incidence of GBM is higher in males than in females, coupled with a worse outcome. In this review, we analyze age- and gender- dependent differences in GBM onset, mutational landscape, clinical manifestations, and survival, according to the literature of the last 20 years, focusing on the major risk factors involved in tumor development and on the mutations and gene alterations most frequently found in adults vs young patients and in males vs females. We then highlight the impact of age and gender on clinical manifestations and tumor localization and their involvement in the time of diagnosis and in determining the tumor prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Colopi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Fuda
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Samuele Santi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Onorato
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeriana Cesarini
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Pharmacology-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Salvati
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Susanna Dolci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Guida
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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50
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Sha Y, Yan Q, Tan Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Yang G. Prediction of the Molecular Subtype of IDH Mutation Combined with MGMT Promoter Methylation in Gliomas via Radiomics Based on Preoperative MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051440. [PMID: 36900232 PMCID: PMC10001198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular subtype of IDH mut combined with MGMT meth in gliomas suggests a good prognosis and potential benefit from TMZ chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to establish a radiomics model to predict this molecular subtype. METHOD The preoperative MR images and genetic data of 498 patients with gliomas were retrospectively collected from our institution and the TCGA/TCIA dataset. A total of 1702 radiomics features were extracted from the tumour region of interest (ROI) of CE-T1 and T2-FLAIR MR images. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression were used for feature selection and model building. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the model. RESULTS Regarding clinical variables, age and tumour grade were significantly different between the two molecular subtypes in the training, test and independent validation cohorts (p < 0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the radiomics model based on 16 selected features in the SMOTE training cohort, un-SMOTE training cohort, test set and independent TCGA/TCIA validation cohort were 0.936, 0.932, 0.916 and 0.866, respectively, and the corresponding F1-scores were 0.860, 0.797, 0.880 and 0.802. The AUC of the independent validation cohort increased to 0.930 for the combined model when integrating the clinical risk factors and radiomics signature. CONCLUSIONS radiomics based on preoperative MRI can effectively predict the molecular subtype of IDH mut combined with MGMT meth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Sha
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Qianqian Yan
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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