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Jakše B, Fras Z, Fidler Mis N. Vegan Diets for Children: A Narrative Review of Position Papers Published by Relevant Associations. Nutrients 2023; 15:4715. [PMID: 38004109 PMCID: PMC10675242 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific discourse on vegan diets for children and adolescents primarily involves referencing position statement papers from different scientific and professional organizations, including paediatric associations. Over the past two decades, specialized associations have issued official statements and published position papers about adopting well-designed vegan diets during crucial life stages, including pregnancy and lactation, infancy, and childhood. A subset of these associations firmly supports the notion that a well-designed vegan diet can indeed be healthy and support normal growth and development during particularly delicate life stages, emphasizing careful planning, vitamin B12 supplementation, and regular supervised medical and dietetics oversight. In contrast, specific paediatric associations caution against vegan diets for children and adolescents, citing potential harm and the lack of adequate substantiation. These criticisms in position papers frequently point to lower-quality studies and/or outdated studies. Additionally, concerns extend to comparing vegan and omnivorous diets, considering public health issues such as obesity and early stages of cardiovascular disease as well as the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Notably, some scepticism stems from studies where children's adherence to a well-designed vegan diet is incomplete. Scientific rigor suggests performing a comparable assessment of omnivorous and vegan diets. This narrative review highlights the need for a comprehensive, up-to-date literature review to inform balanced perspectives on vegan diets for children and adolescents. Researchers and decision-makers should aim to actively improve the design and consistent implementation of both diet types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Preventive Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Fidler Mis
- Ministry of Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mizgier M, Jarząbek-Bielecka G, Drejza M, Luwański D, Wójcik M, Plagens-Rotman K, Gozdziewicz T, Pisarska-Krawczyk M, Kędzia W. Associations between Diet and Changes in Pain Levels among Young Women with Premenstrual Syndrome-A Preliminary Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4015. [PMID: 37373708 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PMS (premenstrual syndrome)-related pain among young women following a particular type of diet during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was compared to the period before the pandemic. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether the increase in the intensification of pain was correlated to their age, body weight, height and BMI, and whether there are differences in PMS-related pain between women who differ in their diet. A total of 181 young female Caucasian patients who met the criteria for PMS were involved in the study. Patients were divided according to the kind of diet they had followed during the last 12 months before the first medical evaluation. The rise in pain score was evaluated according to the Visual Analog Scale before and during the pandemic. Women following a non-vegetarian ("basic") diet had a significantly higher body weight in comparison to those on a vegetarian diet. Furthermore, a significant difference was noted between the level of intensification of pain before and during the pandemic in women applying a basic diet, a vegetarian and an elimination diet. Before the pandemic, women from all groups felt weaker pain than during the pandemic. No significant difference in the intensification of pain during the pandemic was shown between women with various diets, nor was there a correlation between intensification of pain and the girl's age, BMI, their body weight and also height for any of the diets applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mizgier
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Chair of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka
- Division of Gynaecology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology and Sexology, Division of Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michalina Drejza
- Division of Gynaecology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dawid Luwański
- Division of Gynaecology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Plagens-Rotman
- Center for Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology and Sexology, Division of Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gozdziewicz
- Division of Gynaecology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Witold Kędzia
- Division of Gynaecology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology and Sexology, Division of Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
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Bae SR, Bicki A, Coufal S, Jin E, Ku E. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and lifestyle modification strategies after pediatric kidney transplantation: what are we dealing with, and what can we target? Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:663-671. [PMID: 35552523 PMCID: PMC10799690 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation in pediatric patients can lead to partial improvement of some of the cardiometabolic parameters that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, even after restoration of kidney function, transplant recipients remain at risk for CVD due to the continual presence of traditional and non-traditional risk factors, including the side effects of immunosuppression and chronic inflammation. This educational review describes the prevalence of CVD risk factors in pediatric kidney transplant recipients and presents available evidence for therapeutic lifestyle changes and other non-pharmacologic strategies that can be used to improve traditional and modifiable CVD risk factors. Although trial-grade evidence for interventions that improve CVD in pediatric kidney transplant recipients is limited, potential strategies include lowering dietary sodium and saturated fat intake and increasing physical activity levels. Intensive follow-up may help patients achieve guideline-recommended goals for reducing their overall CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Ri Bae
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Bicki
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sarah Coufal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Jin
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Ku
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Nagpal N, Messito MJ, Katzow M, Gross RS. Obesity in Children. Pediatr Rev 2022; 43:601-617. [PMID: 36316265 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2021-005095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Child obesity is widely prevalent, and general pediatricians play an important role in identifying and caring for patients with obesity. Appropriate evaluation and treatment require an understanding of the complex etiology of child obesity, its intergenerational transmission, and its epidemiologic trends, including racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities. The American Academy of Pediatrics has published screening, evaluation, and treatment guidelines based on the best available evidence. However, gaps in evidence remain, and implementation of evidence-based recommendations can be challenging. It is important to review optimal care in both the primary care and multidisciplinary weight management settings. This allows for timely evaluation and appropriate referrals, with the pediatrician playing a key role in advocating for patients at higher risk. There is also a role for larger-scale prevention and policy measures that would not only aid pediatricians in managing obesity but greatly benefit child health on a population scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Nagpal
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
| | - Mary Jo Messito
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
| | - Michelle Katzow
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Rachel S Gross
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
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Dressler J, Storz MA, Müller C, Kandil FI, Kessler CS, Michalsen A, Jeitler M. Does a Plant-Based Diet Stand Out for Its Favorable Composition for Heart Health? Dietary Intake Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:4597. [PMID: 36364858 PMCID: PMC9656677 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A plant-based diet (PBD) can provide numerous health benefits for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. However, an inadequately planned PBD also bear the potential for deficiencies in certain macro- and micronutrients. The present study analyzed nutrient profiles of individuals who adopted a PBD as part of the CardioVeg study. Participants with cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned to either a whole-food PBD intervention (n = 36; eight 90 min group meetings including two 120 min cooking sessions) or a control group asked to maintain an omnivorous diet (n = 34) for eight weeks. Food intake data were collected using three-day weighed food records and analyzed with NutriGuide software, including the German Nutrient Data Base (German: Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel). Nutrient intake was compared before and after eight weeks as well as between the groups. The results for both groups were then contrasted to the current dietary recommendations published by the societies for nutrition in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Moreover, anthropometric/laboratory data and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were determined at baseline and after 8 weeks. Data of a subsample (n = 18 in the PBD group and n = 19 in the control group) were used for the present analyses of the dietary intake data. A PBD yielded several benefits including (but not limited to) a lower energy density, a lower intake of cholesterol and saturated fat, an increased consumption of fiber, and a lower intake of salt. Recommended intakes of most vitamins and minerals were generally met, except for vitamin B12 in the PBD group. A low intake of several other critical nutrients (vitamin D, iodine) was observed in both groups. Compared with the control group, PBD resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose after 8 weeks. Overall, it can be concluded that a PBD had a more favorable nutrient composition for cardiovascular health than the omnivorous dietary pattern of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Dressler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Farid I. Kandil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian S. Kessler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Jeitler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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Browne NT, Cuda SE. Nutritional and activity recommendations for the child with normal weight, overweight, and obesity with consideration of food insecurity: An Obesity Medical Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 2:100012. [PMID: 37990712 PMCID: PMC10661897 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) details nutritional and activity recommendations for the child with normal weight, overweight, and obesity (Appendix A) with consideration of food insecurity. This CPS is intended to provide clinicians with an overview of clinical practices applicable to children and adolescents with body mass indices in the normal range and body mass indices greater than or equal to the 85th percentile for their ages, particularly those with adverse consequences resulting from increased body mass. The information in this CPS is based on scientific evidence, supported by the medical literature, and derived from the clinical experiences of members of the OMA. Methods The scientific information and clinical guidance in this CPS is based upon referenced evidence and derived from the clinical perspectives of the authors. Results This OMA Clinical Practice Statement details nutritional and activity recommendations for the child with normal weight, overweight, and obesity with consideration of food insecurity. In addition, this CPS addresses nutritional recommendations for complications related to the disease of obesity as well as providing guidance on food insecurity as it impacts children with obesity and their families. Conclusions This OMA Clinical Practice Statement on nutritional and activity recommendations for the child with normal weight, overweight, and obesity with consideration of food insecurity is an overview of current recommendations. These recommendations provide a roadmap to the improvement of the health of children and adolescents with obesity, especially those with metabolic, physiological, and psychological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne E. Cuda
- Alamo City Healthy Kids and Families, 1919 Oakwell Farms Parkway, Ste 145, San Antonio, TX, 78218, USA
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Buckland G, Taylor CM, Emmett PM, Johnson L, Northstone K. Prospective association between a Mediterranean-style dietary score in childhood and cardiometabolic risk in young adults from the ALSPAC birth cohort. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:737-752. [PMID: 34532761 PMCID: PMC8854247 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prospective association between a children's relative Mediterranean-style diet score (C-rMED) in childhood and a Cardiometabolic Risk (CMR) score in adolescence/young adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). METHODS A C-rMED was calculated at 7, 10 and 13 years from diet diary data. Anthropometric and biochemical data at 17 (N = 1940) and 24 years (N = 1961) were used to calculate CMR scores (sum of sex-specific log-transformed z-scores from triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, mean arterial blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fat mass index (FMI)). Adjusted logistic regression models examined associations between C-rMED (categorical and 2-unit increments) and a high CMR score (≥ 80th percentile) and individual CMR components (≥ 80th percentile). RESULTS A high C-rMED at 13 was associated with a 32% (OR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94)) decreased adjusted odds of having a high CMR score at 24 years, compared to participants with a low C-rMED. No associations were evident at other ages. Tracking of the C-rMED across the three ages showed a stronger negative association between C-rMED and CMR at 24 years when children had at least two high C-rMED scores from 7 to 13 years (adjusted OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.85), compared to all low scores. FMI and HOMA-IR were the main CMR components contributing to this association. CONCLUSION Higher Mediterranean-style diet scores in early adolescence were associated with a better CMR profile in young adults (24 year olds). This underscores the importance of establishing healthy eating habits early in life for future cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline M Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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8
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Nutrient status and growth in vegan children. Nutr Res 2021; 91:13-25. [PMID: 34130207 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vegan diets have risen in popularity over the past 9 years. However, few studies have examined nutrient status and the effect of a vegan diet on the growth of children. This study analysed the existing literature on the health impact and growth impact of selected nutrients in vegan children. We assessed the intake of calories and protein, as well as the nutrients iron, calcium, vitamin D, cobalamin and folate. With a small percentage of outliers, vegan children showed normal growth and were less often obese. We found limited evidence that children on a vegan diet can obtain all the examined nutrients. Furthermore, as proper planning and supplementation by caregivers is needed, it is currently unknown how often vegan children follow well-planned diets. Deficiencies in cobalamin, calcium, and vitamin D seem to be the biggest risks associated with a poorly planned vegan diet. For a more definitive assessment, data on the intake and nutrient status of omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, iodine, and selenium in vegan children are needed. Future research should account for demographic shifts in those following a vegan diet, and should discriminate between vegan sub-populations that are open or closed towards scientific approaches, towards health in general, and toward supplementation. Studies should assess the modes and dosages of supplementation and the use of fortified foods or drinks, as well as adherence to the diet itself. Plant ferritin as a source of iron and endogenous cobalamin synthesis warrants further scientific inquiry. In summary, the current literature suggests that a well-planned vegan diet using supplementation is likely to provide the recommended amounts of critical nutrients to provide for normal progression of height and weight in children, and can be beneficial in some aspects. However, data on 5 critical nutrients are still missing, hampering a more definitive conclusion.
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Desmond MA, Sobiecki JG, Jaworski M, Płudowski P, Antoniewicz J, Shirley MK, Eaton S, Książyk J, Cortina-Borja M, De Stavola B, Fewtrell M, Wells JCK. Growth, body composition, and cardiovascular and nutritional risk of 5- to 10-y-old children consuming vegetarian, vegan, or omnivore diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1565-1577. [PMID: 33740036 PMCID: PMC8176147 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets (PBDs) are increasingly recommended for human and planetary health. However, comprehensive evidence on the health effects of PBDs in children remains incomplete, particularly in vegans. OBJECTIVES To quantify differences in body composition, cardiovascular risk, and micronutrient status of vegetarian and vegan children relative to omnivores and to estimate prevalence of abnormal micronutrient and cholesterol status in each group. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, Polish children aged 5-10 y (63 vegetarian, 52 vegan, 72 matched omnivores) were assessed using anthropometry, deuterium dilution, DXA, and carotid ultrasound. Fasting blood samples, dietary intake, and accelerometry data were collected. RESULTS All results are reported relative to omnivores. Vegetarians had lower gluteofemoral adiposity but similar total fat and lean mass. Vegans had lower fat indices in all regions but similar lean mass. Both groups had lower bone mineral content (BMC). The difference for vegetarians attenuated after accounting for body size but remained in vegans (total body minus the head: -3.7%; 95% CI: -7.0, -0.4; lumbar spine: -5.6%; 95% CI: -10.6, -0.5). Vegetarians had lower total cholesterol, HDL, and serum B-12 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] without supplementation but higher glucose, VLDL, and triglycerides. Vegans were shorter and had lower total LDL (-24 mg/dL; 95% CI: -35.2, -12.9) and HDL (-12.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.3, -7.1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, iron status, and serum B-12 (-217.6 pmol/L; 95% CI: -305.7, -129.5) and 25(OH)D without supplementation but higher homocysteine and mean corpuscular volume. Vitamin B-12 deficiency, iron-deficiency anemia, low ferritin, and low HDL were more prevalent in vegans, who also had the lowest prevalence of high LDL. Supplementation resolved low B-12 and 25(OH)D concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Vegan diets were associated with a healthier cardiovascular risk profile but also with increased risk of nutritional deficiencies and lower BMC and height. Vegetarians showed less pronounced nutritional deficiencies but, unexpectedly, a less favorable cardiometabolic risk profile. Further research may help maximize the benefits of PBDs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata A Desmond
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK,Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub G Sobiecki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maciej Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology, and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Płudowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology, and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Antoniewicz
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation, & Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Meghan K Shirley
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janusz Książyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bianca De Stavola
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Fewtrell
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Sakkas H, Bozidis P, Touzios C, Kolios D, Athanasiou G, Athanasopoulou E, Gerou I, Gartzonika C. Nutritional Status and the Influence of the Vegan Diet on the Gut Microbiota and Human Health. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E88. [PMID: 32098430 PMCID: PMC7073751 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is considered a well-known complex ecosystem composed of distinct microbial populations, playing a significant role in most aspects of human health and wellness. Several factors such as infant transitions, dietary habits, age, consumption of probiotics and prebiotics, use of antibiotics, intestinal comorbidities, and even metabolic diseases may continously alter microbiota diversity and function. The study of vegan diet-microbiota interactions is a rapidly evolving field, since plenty of research has been focused on the potential effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the human gut microbiota. It has been reported that well-planned vegan diets and their associated components affect both the bacterial composition and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota. Certain benefits associated with medical disorders but also limitations (including nutritional deficiencies) have been documented. Although the vegan diet may be inadequate in calorific value, it is rich in dietary fiber, polyphenols, and antioxidant vitamins. The aim of the present study was to provide an update of the existing knowledge on nutritional status of vegan diets and the influence of their food components on the human gut microbiota and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hercules Sakkas
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Petros Bozidis
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Christos Touzios
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Damianos Kolios
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Georgia Athanasiou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Eirini Athanasopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Ioanna Gerou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Constantina Gartzonika
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (P.B.); (C.G.)
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