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Rashid L, Möckel C, Bohn S. The blessing and curse of "no strings attached": An automated literature analysis of psychological health and non-attachmental work in the digitalization era. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298040. [PMID: 38329979 PMCID: PMC10852238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Amidst tremendous changes in the worlds of work in light of digitalization, non-attachmental work designs, where individuals gain income without being bound by a fixed administrative attachment to an employer, hold promises of self-actualization along with threats of insecurity. Today's technology boom and the consequent flexibility and uncertainty it brings into workers' lives may translate into inspiring growth opportunities or overloading pressure, contingent upon mental health and wellbeing impacts. This paper first provides a conceptualization of the non-attachmental work designs of the 21st century, before proceeding to an extensive mapping of literature at their intersection with psychological health. This involves a machine-learning-driven review of 1094 scientific articles using topic modeling, combined with in-depth manual content analyses and inductive-deductive cycles of pattern discovery and category building. The resulting scholarly blueprint reveals several tendencies, including a prevalence of positive psychology concepts in research on work designs with high levels of autonomy and control, contrasted with narratives of disempowerment in service- and task-based work. We note that some psychological health issues are researched with respect to specific work designs but not others, for instance neurodiversity and the role of gender in ownership-based work, self-image and digital addiction in content-based work, and ratings-induced anxiety in platform-mediated task-based work. We also find a heavy representation of 'heroic' entrepreneurs, quantitative methods, and western contexts in addition to a surprising dearth of analyses on the roles of policy and technological interventions. The results are positioned to guide academics, decision-makers, technologists, and workers in the pursuit of healthier work designs for a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Rashid
- Chair of Entrepreneurship & Innovation Management (H76), Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Bohn
- Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Management, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gordon DFN, Christou A, Stouraitis T, Gienger M, Vijayakumar S. Adaptive assistive robotics: a framework for triadic collaboration between humans and robots. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221617. [PMID: 37388317 PMCID: PMC10300679 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Robots and other assistive technologies have a huge potential to help society in domains ranging from factory work to healthcare. However, safe and effective control of robotic agents in these environments is complex, especially when it involves close interactions and multiple actors. We propose an effective framework for optimizing the behaviour of robots and complementary assistive technologies in systems comprising a mix of human and technological agents with numerous high-level goals. The framework uses a combination of detailed biomechanical modelling and weighted multi-objective optimization to allow for the fine tuning of robot behaviours depending on the specification of the task at hand. We illustrate our framework via two case studies across assisted living and rehabilitation scenarios, and conduct simulations and experiments of triadic collaboration in practice. Our results indicate a marked benefit to the triadic approach, showing the potential to improve outcome measures for human agents in robot-assisted tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. N. Gordon
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sethu Vijayakumar
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
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Narusyte J, Ropponen A, Wang M, Svedberg P. Sickness absence among young employees in private and public sectors with a history of depression and anxiety. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18695. [PMID: 36333355 PMCID: PMC9636248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate occurrence and duration of sickness absence (SA) among young employees with previous depression/anxiety in private and public sectors. This population-based prospective study included 11,519 Swedish twin individuals of age 19-29 years that were followed regarding SA during 2006-2016. Data on previous depression/anxiety came from two screening surveys in 2005. Data on SA and employment sector were received from national registries. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used, also controlling for familial factors. Proportion of employees with SA was significantly higher among those with, as compared to those without, previous depression/anxiety, regardless the employment sector. Individuals with previous depression/anxiety had increased risk for future SA, in both private (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.90-2.66) and public sectors (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.73-2.54). Familial factors played a role in the association among employees in the private sector. A higher proportion of long-term SA was observed among employees with previous depression/anxiety in the private as compared to the public sector. To conclude, previous depression/anxiety tends to increase risk for SA among young employees in both employment sectors, whereas long-term SA seemed to be more prevalent among those in the private as compared to the public sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Narusyte
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annina Ropponen
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.6975.d0000 0004 0410 5926Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mo Wang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Svedberg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sickness absence due to common mental disorders in young employees in Sweden: are there differences in occupational class and employment sector? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1097-1106. [PMID: 34386867 PMCID: PMC9042979 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of sickness absence (SA) in young adults is due to common mental disorders (CMDs). Still studies on CMD-related SA in young workers are lacking, especially studies for those employed in the private sector. The current study investigated the associations between sector of employment, occupational class and SA due to CMDs. In addition, associations between type of employment branch and SA due CMDs within each sector were examined. METHODS This population-based longitudinal cohort study included 663,583 employees, 19-29 years, residing in Sweden in 2009. Employment sector (i.e., private/public) and occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) were measured in 2009. Risk estimates of SA due to CMDs, between 2010 and 2016, were calculated as Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Sector of employment was associated with SA due to CMDs, such that public sector workers had an elevated risk when compared with private sector employees (adjusted HR: 1.31 (95% CI 1.29-1.33). Moreover, manual workers had a slightly elevated risk for SA due to CMDs compared to non-manual workers. Within the private sector, in both manual and non-manual workers, those employed in education and health and social services evidenced the highest rates and risks of SA due to CMDs. CONCLUSION Sector of employment and occupational class play a role in SA due to CMDs in young employees. These findings should be considered when identifying high-risk groups for SA in the young working population.
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Domagalska J, Rusin M, Razzaghi M, Nowak P. Personality Type D, Level of Perceived Stress, Insomnia, and Depression Among High School Teachers in Poland. Front Psychol 2021; 12:626945. [PMID: 34621203 PMCID: PMC8490815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Teaching is inherently connected with specific burdens that may imply stressful situations. The goal of this study was to explore the prevalence of type D (distressed) personality in teachers. This is known to cause depressive episodes and sleep disorders, which not only have direct physical health effects, but can also impact the wellbeing of individuals and hence adversely affect their job performance. The participants consisted of 412 high school teachers from the Silesian Province, located in the south of Poland. Using the following research tools: Type D Scale (DS14), Perceived Stress Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory, it was found that type D personality was observed in a large percentage of teachers (30.1%). It was reported that teachers with distressed personality suffered from insomnia and depression significantly more often. Findings from the current study indicate the need to implement preventive activities focused on reducing psychosocial risk factors in the work environment in order to reduce the frequency of depressive disorders among teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagalska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Rusin
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mehdi Razzaghi
- Department of Mathematics, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA, United States
| | - Przemysław Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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Leandro-Reguillo P, Stuart AL. Healthly Urban Environmental Features for Poverty Resilience: The Case of Detroit, USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136982. [PMID: 34209982 PMCID: PMC8296987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Within the existing relationship among urban environment, health, and poverty, it is necessary to clarify and characterize the influence that the physical environment has on community socioeconomic outcomes. Given that Detroit has one of the highest poverty rates among large metropolitan areas in the United States, this study aims to identify environmental and urban features that have influenced poverty in this city by assessing whether changes in household income are associated with characteristics of the built environment. The difference of median household income (DMHI) between 2017 and 2013 and 27 environmental and urban variables were investigated using both geographic distribution mapping and statistical correlation analysis. Results suggest that proximity of housing to job opportunity areas, as well as to certain educational and health-related facilities, were positively related to increasing household incomes. These findings outline a healthy urban design that may benefit community socioeconomic outcomes-specifically a design with dense and mixed-use areas, good accessibility, high presence of urban facilities, and features that promote a healthy lifestyle (involving physical activity and a healthy diet). In this sense, urban planning and public health may be important allies for poverty resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L. Stuart
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33617, USA;
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Peele M, Wolf S. Depressive and anxiety symptoms in early childhood education teachers: Relations to professional well-being and absenteeism. EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH QUARTERLY 2021; 55:275-283. [PMID: 38187478 PMCID: PMC10769447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated how early childhood education teachers' (N = 444) depressive and anxiety symptoms predicted their professional well-being outcomes and absenteeism over the course of one school year in Ghana. Higher anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted lower job motivation and job satisfaction and higher levels of emotional exhaustion at the end of the school year. Increased depressive symptoms were further associated with more days absent over the course of the school year. Findings point to the importance of considering teachers' mental health for early educational quality. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Peele
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sharon Wolf
- Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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AL-Johani R. Effect of physical activity on mental wellbeing among teachers of secondary school in Almadina city, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4264-4271. [PMID: 35136800 PMCID: PMC8797080 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_906_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical activity has many beneficial effects on mental health. Benefit of physical activity appears proportional to the amount of activity rather than the intensity of physical activity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of physical activity on mental wellbeing of teachers of secondary school in Almadina city- 2019. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was applied among a representative multi-stage random sample of secondary school teachers in Almadina. Two validated questionnaires, in addition to personal data were utilized to collect data; Short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) version 2.0 to evaluate physical activity and the Warwick-Edinburg Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) to assess mental wellbeing both in Arabic language. Results: The study included 230 teachers. Their age ranged between 27 and 59 years with a mean ± (SD) of 39.4 (±7.6) years. Almost half of them were males (50.4%). Most of the teachers were either overweight (30%) or obese (40.9%). Almost half of teachers (48.3%) reported moderate level of physical activity whereas only 9.1% reported high level. Low level of physical activity was mentioned by 42.6% of the respondents. There was no significant difference between male and female teachers regarding physical activity level. The association between level of physical activity and body mass index was statistically significant, P < 0.001. Majority of the teachers expressed high mental wellbeing level while only 3.5% of them had low level of mental wellbeing. High level of mental well-being was observed among 95.6% of females compared to 85.3% of males, P = 0.008. There was a statistically significant positive association between levels of physical activity and mental well-being among teachers (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Level of practicing physical activities among secondary school teachers in Almadina is suboptimal, with no gender difference. Majority of the teachers have high mental well-being, particularly females. There is a positive association between levels of physical activity and mental wellbeing among teachers.
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Ranavolo A, Ajoudani A, Cherubini A, Bianchi M, Fritzsche L, Iavicoli S, Sartori M, Silvetti A, Vanderborght B, Varrecchia T, Draicchio F. The Sensor-Based Biomechanical Risk Assessment at the Base of the Need for Revising of Standards for Human Ergonomics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5750. [PMID: 33050438 PMCID: PMC7599507 DOI: 10.3390/s20205750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the epochal changes introduced by "Industry 4.0", it is getting harder to apply the varying approaches for biomechanical risk assessment of manual handling tasks used to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMDs) considered within the International Standards for ergonomics. In fact, the innovative human-robot collaboration (HRC) systems are widening the number of work motor tasks that cannot be assessed. On the other hand, new sensor-based tools for biomechanical risk assessment could be used for both quantitative "direct instrumental evaluations" and "rating of standard methods", allowing certain improvements over traditional methods. In this light, this Letter aims at detecting the need for revising the standards for human ergonomics and biomechanical risk assessment by analyzing the WMDs prevalence and incidence; additionally, the strengths and weaknesses of traditional methods listed within the International Standards for manual handling activities and the next challenges needed for their revision are considered. As a representative example, the discussion is referred to the lifting of heavy loads where the revision should include the use of sensor-based tools for biomechanical risk assessment during lifting performed with the use of exoskeletons, by more than one person (team lifting) and when the traditional methods cannot be applied. The wearability of sensing and feedback sensors in addition to human augmentation technologies allows for increasing workers' awareness about possible risks and enhance the effectiveness and safety during the execution of in many manual handling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ranavolo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy; (S.I.); (A.S.); (T.V.); (F.D.)
| | - Arash Ajoudani
- HRI2 Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | | | - Matteo Bianchi
- Centro di Ricerca “Enrico Piaggio” and Department of Information Engineering, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lars Fritzsche
- Ergonomics Division, IMK Automotive GmbH, 09128 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy; (S.I.); (A.S.); (T.V.); (F.D.)
| | - Massimo Sartori
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Alessio Silvetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy; (S.I.); (A.S.); (T.V.); (F.D.)
| | - Bram Vanderborght
- Brubotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Flanders Make, Oude Diestersebaan 133, 3920 Lommel, Belgium
| | - Tiwana Varrecchia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy; (S.I.); (A.S.); (T.V.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesco Draicchio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy; (S.I.); (A.S.); (T.V.); (F.D.)
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de Kock CA, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, Knottnerus JA, Buijs PC, Steenbeek R, Lagro-Janssen AL. Work-relatedness of the presented health problem and sickness absence. Fam Pract 2020; 37:360-366. [PMID: 31747001 PMCID: PMC7377345 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perception by workers of their health problems as work-related is possibly associated with sickness absence (SA). The aim of this study was to to study the relationship between perceived work-relatedness of health problems and SA among workers who visit their GP, taking the influence of other potential determinants into account and to study the influence of these determinants on SA. Design and setting prospective cohort study in 32 Dutch GP practices. METHODS A secondary analysis of RCT data among workers, aged 18-63 years, who visited their GP. We measured self-reported SA days in 12 months and high SA (>20 days in 12 months) and compared workers who perceived work-relatedness (WR+) with workers who did not (WR-). With multivariable linear and logistic regression models, we analyzed the influence of age, gender, experienced health, chronic illness, prior SA, number of GP consultations and perceived work ability. RESULTS We analyzed data of 209 workers, 31% perceived work-relatedness. Geometric mean of SA days was 1.6 (95% CI: 0.9-3.0) for WR+- workers and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8-1.8) for WR- workers (P = 0.42). Incidence of high SA was 21.5 and 13.3%, respectively (odds ratio 1.79; 95% CI: 0.84-3.84). SA was positively associated with chronic illness, prior SA, low perceived work ability and age over 50. CONCLUSIONS Perceived work-relatedness was not associated with SA. SA was associated with chronic illness, prior SA, low perceived work ability and age over 50.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reinier P Akkermans
- Department of Primary and Community Care
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter C Buijs
- TNO Work, Health and Care, Leiden, (retired in 2014)
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Strozyk S, Wernecke KD, Sehouli J, David M. Factors Influencing Postoperative Recovery and Time Off Work of Patients with Benign Indications for Surgery - Results of a Prospective Study. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020; 80:723-732. [PMID: 32675834 PMCID: PMC7360394 DOI: 10.1055/a-1157-8996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to answer a number of questions: Which medical, psychological and sociodemographic factors affect the recovery of women after gynecological surgery for benign indications? Does patients' health-related quality of life improve after surgical intervention? How long are patients signed off work postoperatively? How do patients assess their own capacity to work? Method Study population: All women between the ages of 18 and 67 years who underwent gynecological surgery for benign indications at the Charité Campus Virchow Clinic over a 7-month period were consecutively enrolled in the study. Four standardized patient surveys (the first survey [T0] was carried out in hospital, T1 at 1 week, T2 at 6 weeks and T3 at 7 - 8 months after discharge by telephone interview) were carried out using evaluated questionnaires to record patients' recovery (Recovery Index), quality of life (RAND-36), satisfaction, complications, sociodemographic information and time off work with a medical sick note. Relevant medical and demographic data were also collected. Statistical analysis was carried out using univariate statistical tests for descriptive analysis and complex multifactorial statistical procedures to record observations over time. Results A total of 182 patients were included in this study (participation rate: 70%). Relevant prior operations (p = 0.01), in-hospital (p = 0.004) and postoperative complications (p < 0.001), preoperative psychological wellbeing (p = 0.01), physical functioning (p = 0.005) and postoperative anxiety (p = 0,006) had a significant impact on recovery (Recovery Index) and changed significantly over time (p < 0.001). The invasiveness of the surgery or sociodemographic parameters (including migration background) had no significant effect. Health-related quality of life (measured with the RAND-36 questionnaire) also improved postoperatively. More invasive surgical interventions were associated with longer sick leave times and, to a certain extent, with a poorer evaluation of patients' capacity to work. Conclusion Recovery after gynecological surgery is a multifactorial process. This survey of a patient population identified psychological and physical factors which influence recovery but did not find significant sociodemographic parameters affecting recovery. Irrespective of these findings, gynecological surgery for benign indications resulted in an improvement in health-related quality of life. Prospective studies need to investigate whether psychological interventions could reduce preoperative fear and thereby improve postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Strozyk
- Klinik für Chirurgie, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Wernecke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Sostana GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Klinik für Gynäkologie mit Zentrum für onkologische Chirurgie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias David
- Klinik für Gynäkologie mit Zentrum für onkologische Chirurgie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Flower DJC, Tipton MJ, Milligan GS. Considerations for physical employment standards in the aging workforce. Work 2020; 63:509-519. [PMID: 31282464 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND If current population and health trends continue, workplace demographics will look significantly different by the turn of the century. Organizations will no longer have a steady pipeline of younger workers and will likely need to rely on older workers to remain competitive in the global marketplace. The future multi-generational workforce will bring with it the challenge of maximizing contributions from each generation whilst at the same time addressing the health, safety and wellbeing needs of all workers. OBJECTIVE This review provides an insight into aging and older workers, and presents recommendations to promote worker longevity. METHODS This narrative review draws on evidence from 108 published sources. RESULTS The relationship between age and work is not simple; factors including the physical nature of the job and worker's health and fitness interact with age to either increase or decrease the potential effect of age. Evidence suggests that the issues arising from an aging workforce can be managed through polices that focus on active aging through: attitude management; flexible working and the provision of occupational health. CONCLUSION The integration of such interventions would require company and organizational commitment from the top down with educational programs at all levels to ensure understanding and participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J C Flower
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mike J Tipton
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gemma S Milligan
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explore sickness absenteeism variations within the public sector and in particular the role of mental illness. Distinctively, the public sector is segmented into vocational and nonvocational sector, assuming that vocation leads to a different degree of job attachment and alter sickness leave decision. METHODS Using British Household Panel Survey, random-effects logit models are applied to estimate the odds ratio of sickness absence with alternative measures of vocational employment. The association between mental illness and sickness absence is also explored. RESULTS Absenteeism and the effect of mental illness on absenteeism rates vary within the public sector after controlling for socioeconomic factors. The public vocational sector had the largest sickness absence odds ratios. CONCLUSION Differences between absenteeism rates across sectors may be more about the nature of the job and less about the nature of the sector.
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Wearable Monitoring Devices for Biomechanical Risk Assessment at Work: Current Status and Future Challenges-A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15092001. [PMID: 30217079 PMCID: PMC6163390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: In order to reduce the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) several methods have been developed, accepted by the international literature and used in the workplace. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe recent implementations of wearable sensors for quantitative instrumental-based biomechanical risk assessments in prevention of WMSDs. Methods: Articles written until 7 May 2018 were selected from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science using specific keywords. Results: Instrumental approaches based on inertial measurement units and sEMG sensors have been used for direct evaluations to classify lifting tasks into low and high risk categories. Wearable sensors have also been used for direct instrumental evaluations in handling of low loads at high frequency activities by using the local myoelectric manifestation of muscle fatigue estimation. In the field of the rating of standard methods, on-body wireless sensors network-based approaches for real-time ergonomic assessment in industrial manufacturing have been proposed. Conclusions: Few studies foresee the use of wearable technologies for biomechanical risk assessment although the requirement to obtain increasingly quantitative evaluations, the recent miniaturization process and the need to follow a constantly evolving manual handling scenario is prompting their use.
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Telle-Lamberton M, Faye S, Pontin F, Bensefa-Colas L, de Clavière C, Le Barbier M, Lasfargues G. Trends in work-related mental disorders by sector in France. Occup Med (Lond) 2018; 68:431-437. [PMID: 29939301 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Notifications of work-related mental disorders (WRMDs) are increasing while little data are available on trends by industrial sector. Aims To assess WRMD notifications and trends from 2001 to 2011 by industrial sector using data collected by the French National Network for Occupational Disease Vigilance and Prevention (RNV3P) network. Methods We calculated standardized notification ratios (SNRs) per sector. To analyse trends over time, we used odds ratios, analysed by logistic regression, including time as a discrete variable or as a continuous variable. Results We found higher than expected WRMD notifications in manufacturing; paper and book (SNR = 2.16; 95% CI [1.88-2.48]), chemical and pharmaceutical (SNR = 1.79; 95% CI [1.58-2.03]), textile and clothing (SNR = 1.27; 95% CI [1.04-1.54]). In the trade sectors, retail (SNR = 1.60; 95% CI [1.52-1.68]), motor vehicle and cycle trade and repair (SNR = 1.19; 95% CI [1.05-1.34]). In the services sector personal (SNR = 2.09; 95% CI [1.83-2.38]), information technology (SNR = 1.54; 95% CI [1.36-1.74]), financial and insurance (SNR = 1.42; 95% CI [1.31-1.53]), post and telecommunication (SNR = 1.44; 95% CI [1.30-1.60]), human health and social work (SNR = 1.29; 95% CI [1.24-1.34]). We found an increase in notifications in agriculture, post-telecommunication services and the human health/social work sectors and a decrease in chemical/pharmaceutical, metal, and paper and book manufacturing sectors (P < 0.05). Conclusions These results reveal trends in notifications for WRMDs by industrial sector. This highlights the importance of monitoring trends in WRMDs in specific worker subsets, using specialized networks such as the RNV3P.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Faye
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - F Pontin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - L Bensefa-Colas
- Occupational and Environmental Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Centre of Paris HOTEL DIEU, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Santé Publique et Environnement, Paris, France
| | - C de Clavière
- Centre Hospitalier Marc Jacquet, Melun, France and Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - M Le Barbier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - G Lasfargues
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France and Paris-Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
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16
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Thisted CN, Nielsen CV, Bjerrum M. Work Participation Among Employees with Common Mental Disorders: A Meta-synthesis. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018; 28:452-464. [PMID: 29234956 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim was to aggregate knowledge about the opportunities, challenges and need for support employees with common mental disorders experience in relation to work participation in order to develop recommendations for practice. Methods A meta-synthesis was conducted using a meta-aggregative approach to accurately and reliably present findings that could be used to meet our aim. Qualitative inductive content analysis was used to analyze and synthesize the findings. Results In all, 252 findings were extracted from 16 papers, and six categories were generated and aggregated into two synthesized findings. One synthesized finding indicates that a strong work identity and negative perceptions regarding mental disorders can impede work participation, creating an essential need for a supportive work environment. The other reveals that the diffuse nature of the symptoms of mental disorders causes instability in life and loss of control, but through the use of internal motivation and external support, employees may be able to regain control of their lives. However, external support is hampered by insufficient cooperation and coordination between vocational stakeholders. Conclusions Based on the synthesized findings, we recommended that the employer is involved in the rehabilitation process, and that rehabilitation professionals seek to strengthen the employee's ability to manage work-related stress. In addition, rehabilitation professionals should provide individualized and active support and ensure meaningful cooperation across the multidisciplinary disciplines involved in the rehabilitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Nørby Thisted
- Department of Public Health, Section of Nursing, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 3., 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Claus Vinther Nielsen
- Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Bjerrum
- Department of Public Health, Section of Nursing, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 3., 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Chamoux A, Lambert C, Vilmant A, Lanhers C, Agius R, Boutaleb M, Bonneterre V, Naughton G, Pereira B, Djeriri K, Ben-Brik E, Breton C, De Clavière C, Letheux C, Paolillo AG, Valenty M, Vandenberghe O, Aeschlimann MP, Lasfargues G, Lesage FX, Dutheil F. Occupational exposure factors for mental and behavioral disorders at work: The FOREC thesaurus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198719. [PMID: 29927960 PMCID: PMC6013225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders in the workplace are a major public health problem. Knowledge of the impact of the psychosocial work environment on mental and behavioral disorders can assist occupational physicians in the identification and description of occupational risk situations, and help to define priority actions. However, no classification for occupational exposure factors is currently available. We aimed to build a thesaurus of “Organizational, Relational, Ethical and other Contributing Factors” (FOREC) linked with the onset of mental and behavioral disorders. Methods The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES) initiated and supervised a multidisciplinary working group consisting of the representatives of the main French occupational and public health actors. All decisions were accepted on a consensus basis. This collaborative work led to the classification of occupational exposure factors for mental and behavioral disorders in the workplace. To test this thesaurus in clinical practice, a French multicenter study was implemented. Patients were workers referred to the Occupational Disease Centers for mental health issues at work. Factors contributing to mental and behavioral disorders among workers were identified and coded retrospectively from the worker’s point of view using the FOREC thesaurus. Results We recruited 323 workers, aged 44.9±9.2 years, of which 31.3% were men. The most commonly encountered disorders were generalized anxiety disorders (106 workers, 32.8%) and moderate depressive episodes (86 workers, 26.7%). We identified 1357 factors, i.e. an average of 4.2 factors per worker. Among them, 575 (42.4%) were relational and 515 (37.9%) were organizational. All factors identified during consultations were described in the thesaurus. Conclusions We built the first thesaurus of “Organizational, Relational, Ethical and other Contributing Factors” (FOREC) that may help to generate profiles of mental and behavioral disorders at work. Encoding and describing these exposure factors, as well as using a worldwide standardized and shared terminology, will help to identify specific workplace prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chamoux
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Lambert
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Vilmant
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Lanhers
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Raymond Agius
- University of Manchester, Institute of Population Health, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mounir Boutaleb
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Bonneterre
- CHU Grenoble, University Hospital of Grenoble, Occupational Medicine, Grenoble, France
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Khalid Djeriri
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Ben-Brik
- CHU Poitiers, University Hospital of Poitiers, Occupational Medicine, Poitiers, France
| | - Christine Breton
- Regional Health Insurance Fund of Ile de France (CRAMIF), Prevention of Occupational Risks, Paris, France
| | - Caroline De Clavière
- CHU Créteil, University Hospital of Créteil, Occupational Medicine, Créteil, France
| | - Corinne Letheux
- Interdepartmental Center of Health and Occupational Medicine in Factories (Cisme), Paris, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Paolillo
- CHU Garches, University Hospital of Garches, Occupational Medicine, Garches, France
| | - Madeleine Valenty
- The French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Gérard Lasfargues
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Francois-Xavier Lesage
- University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
- Epsylon, Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Preventive Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Demou E, Smith S, Bhaskar A, Mackay DF, Brown J, Hunt K, Vargas-Prada S, Macdonald EB. Evaluating sickness absence duration by musculoskeletal and mental health issues: a retrospective cohort study of Scottish healthcare workers. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018085. [PMID: 29374662 PMCID: PMC5829784 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sickness absence (SA) among healthcare workers is associated with occupational and non-occupational risk factors and impacts employee health, healthcare delivery and patient health. At the same time, healthcare is one of the employment sectors with the highest rates of work-related ill health in the UK. Musculoskeletal (MSK) and mental health (MH) issues are leading causes of SA, but there is a lack of research on how certain MSK/MH conditions impact on SA duration. The study aim is to determine differences in SA duration by MH and MSK disorders in healthcare employees. METHODS Survival analyses were used to estimate SA duration due to MSK and MH problems over 6 years, and Cox's proportional hazards models to determine the HRs of returning to work, using a bespoke Scottish health board database with over 53 000 SA events. SA duration and time to return-to-work (RTW) were estimated for employees by age, gender, job and health conditions. RESULTS MSK and MH conditions accounted for 27% and 6% of all SA events and 23.7% and 19.5% of all days lost, respectively. Average SA duration was 43.5 days for MSK and 53.9 days for MH conditions. For MSK conditions, employees with low back or neck pain had the fastest RTW (median P50: 7 days), whereas employees absent due to depression took the longest (P50: 54 days). The most influential sociodemographic variables affecting RTW were age, gender and job category. CONCLUSIONS Using a unique and rich database, we found significant differences in SA duration by presenting condition in healthcare workers. MH conditions, and depression specifically, accounted for the most working days' absence. Significant variations in duration were also observed for MSK conditions. Our findings can inform public health practitioners and healthcare managers of the most significant factors impacting MSK-related and MH-related SA to develop and implement tailored and targeted workplace interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Demou
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shanley Smith
- Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Abita Bhaskar
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel F Mackay
- Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sergio Vargas-Prada
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad Central de Contingencias Comunes (U3C), ASEPEYO, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewan B Macdonald
- Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Leao ALM, Barbosa-Branco A, Turchi MD, Steenstra IA, Cole DC. Sickness absence among municipal workers in a Brazilian municipality: a secondary data analysis. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:773. [PMID: 29282116 PMCID: PMC5745616 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickness absence, work disability associated with illness or injury, is a major public health problem worldwide. Some studies have investigated determinants of sickness absence among workers with shorter job tenure, but have only focused on certain diagnostic groups. Although it is well established that job tenure has an inverse relationship with work injury rate, less is known about its association with sickness absence for other disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for incidence and duration of sickness absence according to diagnosis over a 7-year period. A dynamic cohort consisting of all permanent civil servants hired from 2005 to 2011 by the Goiania municipality-Brazil. Data of certified sickness absences longer than 3 days were analyzed. The incidence density was calculated per 1000 person-years in each ICD-10 category. The association between sickness absence and socio-demographic and occupational characteristics was examined using negative binomial regression models. Results 18,450 workers, mean age of 32 years, accumulated 14,909 episodes of sickness absence. Overall, the incidence density was 234.6 episodes per 1000 person years. Diagnostic groups with the highest incidence density of sickness absences were injuries (49.1), musculoskeletal disorders (31.3) and mental disorders (29.2). Factors predicting any sickness absence were female gender, older age, low education, being a health professional, multiple jobs and full-time employment. Mental health disorders were more common among education professionals, musculoskeletal disorders among blue collar workers and injuries among inspection workers. Prolonged time on sick leave was associated with male gender, older age groups, low education and income, blue-collar workers, more than one job contract and full time employment. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a substantial sickness absentee burden and they provide relevant information for targeting prevention and health promotion policies to the most vulnerable occupational groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-3116-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia M Leao
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Publica-IPTSP/UFG, Rua 235-s/n-Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Go, CEP: 74605-050, Brazil.
| | - Anadergh Barbosa-Branco
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marília D Turchi
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ivan A Steenstra
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald C Cole
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Zhou AY, Carder M, Hussey L, Gittins M, Agius R. Differential reporting of work-related mental ill-health in doctors. Occup Med (Lond) 2017; 67:522-527. [PMID: 29016829 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that the medical profession is reluctant to report mental ill-health despite its high prevalence. Aims To compare differential reporting patterns in the incidence of work-related mental ill-health (WRMIH) affecting doctors with selected comparison occupational groups, as determined by surveillance by general practitioners (GPs), specialist psychiatrists and occupational physicians (OPs). Methods New cases of medically reported WRMIH were reported prospectively between 2006 and 2009 by GPs, psychiatrists and OPs as part of The Health and Occupation Research (THOR) network. For GP and psychiatry reporting schemes, incidence rates (IRs) for doctors, nurses, teachers, corporate managers and protective service workers were calculated using information from the Labour Force Survey as the denominator. In OP surveys, participating reporters provided denominator information to calculate IRs for doctors, nurses and teachers. Results Average annual IRs expressed per 100000 person/years employed as reported by GPs, psychiatrists and OPs, respectively, were: doctors (309, 971, 430), nurses (891, 208, 670), teachers (1040, 136, 210) and for GPs and psychiatrists, respectively, were: protective service workers (1432, 721) and corporate managers (428, 90). Psychiatrists reported a higher incidence of WRMIH in doctors, whereas GPs reported higher incidences of WRMIH in other occupations (chi-squared test, P < 0.001). Conclusions The distribution of the incidence of new cases reported across different schemes suggests a differential reporting pattern of WRMIH in doctors. The higher IR for doctors in psychiatrist-reported WRMIH could be due to factors such as disease severity and bypassing formal referral channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Zhou
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - M Carder
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - L Hussey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - M Gittins
- Centre for Biostatistics, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - R Agius
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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21
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Decrease in Work Ability Index and sickness absence during the following year: a two-year follow-up study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:883-894. [PMID: 28795227 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using a 2-year follow-up design, we examined whether changes in work ability during 1 year predicted sickness absence in the following year. METHODS Workers (N = 1408) from the Japanese information technology sector each completed the Work Ability Index (WAI), the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in 2011 and 2012. Absence data during 2013 was obtained from employees' computerized attendance records. We used psychological distress as evaluated by the GHQ; job stress and job support calculated using the BJSQ; and job title, sex, and age as potential confounding variables. RESULTS Thirty-five employees had at least one sickness absence lasting more than seven consecutive days in 2013. Forty-nine percent of sickness absences were due to mental illness, and the others were due to orthopedic disease (20%), cancer (9%), and other illnesses (23%). Decrease in WAI scores from 2011 to 2012 predicted sickness absence in 2013 (Odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.27). This association remained unaltered after adjusting for sex, age, job title, WAI score from the year before, job stress, job support, and GHQ score (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25). We analyzed this association separately by reason for absence: mental or other illness. WAI score decreases predicted sickness absence for both reasons (OR for mental illness 1.24, 95% CI 1.14-1.36; OR for other illnesses 1.14, 95% CI 1.04-1.24). CONCLUSIONS Decrease in work ability during the year predicts sickness absence in the following year while predictive power was weak.
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22
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Sumanen H, Lahelma E, Pietiläinen O, Rahkonen O. The Magnitude of Occupational Class Differences in Sickness Absence: 15-Year Trends among Young and Middle-Aged Municipal Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14060625. [PMID: 28598380 PMCID: PMC5486311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our aim was to examine the magnitude of relative occupational class differences in sickness absence (SA) days over a 15-year period among female and male municipal employees in two age-groups. Methods: 18-34 and 35-59-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki from 2002 to 2016 were included in our data (n = ~37,500 per year). Occupational class was classified into four groups. The magnitude of relative occupational class differences in SA was studied using the relative index of inequality (RII). Results: The relative occupational class differences were larger among older than younger employees; the largest differences were among 35-59-year-old men. Among women in both age-groups the relative class differences remained stable during 2002-2016. Among younger and older men, the differences were larger during the beginning of study period than in the end. Among women in both age-groups the RII values were between 2.19 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.98, 2.42) and 3.60 (95% CI 3.28, 3.95). The corresponding differences varied from 3.74 (95% CI 3.13, 4.48) to 1.68 (95% CI 1.44, 1.97) among younger and from 6.43 (95% CI 5.85, 7.06) to 3.31 (95% CI 2.98, 3.68) among older men. CONCLUSIONS Relative occupational class differences were persistent among employees irrespective of age group and gender. Preventive measures should be started at young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Sumanen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8B), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8B), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8B), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8B), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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23
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The Health and Occupation Research Network: An Evolving Surveillance System. Saf Health Work 2017; 8:231-236. [PMID: 28951798 PMCID: PMC5605884 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vital to the prevention of work-related ill-health (WRIH) is the availability of good quality data regarding WRIH burden and risks. Physician-based surveillance systems such as The Health and Occupation Research (THOR) network in the UK are often established in response to limitations of statutory, compensation-based systems for addressing certain epidemiological aspects of disease surveillance. However, to fulfil their purpose, THOR and others need to have methodologic rigor in capturing and ascertaining cases. This article describes how data collected by THOR and analogous systems can inform WRIH incidence, trends, and other determinants. An overview of the different strands of THOR research is provided, including methodologic advancements facilitated by increased data quantity/quality over time and the value of the research outputs for informing Government and other policy makers. In doing so, the utility of data collected by systems such as THOR to address a wide range of research questions, both in relation to WRIH and to wider issues of public and social health, is demonstrated.
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24
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Hussey L, Thorley K, Agius R. Reporting and prediction of work-related sickness absence by general practitioners. Occup Med (Lond) 2016; 66:662-668. [PMID: 27515971 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqw108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on sickness absence (SA) duration in general practice is difficult to record. The duration of absence certified by general practitioners (GPs) can be viewed as a prognosis for return to work. The Health and Occupation Research network in General Practice (THOR-GP) collects SA information from GPs associated with cases of work-related ill-health. A sample of these cases is followed up 1 year retrospectively to gather information on the duration of absence. AIMS To examine the extent of the underestimation of SA in routinely reported data and to investigate how well GPs predict patients' return to work. METHODS THOR-GPs submit case and SA information using a web-based form. GPs who submitted selected cases were asked about the total number of days of SA and whether the patient had returned to work. RESULTS THOR-GPs' routine SA data collection underestimated absence duration by 61%. According to the retrospective data, a much larger proportion of periods of absence due to work-related mental ill-health developed into long-term SA (60%) than episodes attributed to musculoskeletal disorders (32%). In over half the reported cases, the return to work was longer than the GP initially predicted. CONCLUSIONS THOR-GP prospectively reported SA data underestimated the total length of absence; however, these data can examine the episodic rates of absence within different groups. More accurate longitudinal data can be collected retrospectively. GPs' ability to predict the length of time a patient will be away from work is important to enable treatment and rehabilitation planning in order to decrease the likelihood of a patient falling into long-term SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hussey
- Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Thorley
- Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - R Agius
- Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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25
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Kidger J, Stone T, Tilling K, Brockman R, Campbell R, Ford T, Hollingworth W, King M, Araya R, Gunnell D. A pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of a support and training intervention to improve the mental health of secondary school teachers and students - the WISE (Wellbeing in Secondary Education) study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1060. [PMID: 27716226 PMCID: PMC5053067 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary school teachers are at heightened risk of psychological distress, which can lead to poor work performance, poor quality teacher-student relationships and mental illness. A pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) - the WISE study - evaluated the feasibility of a full-scale RCT of an intervention to support school staff's own mental health, and train them in supporting student mental health. METHODS Six schools were randomised to an intervention or control group. In the intervention schools i) 8-9 staff received Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training and became staff peer supporters, and ii) youth MHFA training was offered to the wider staff body. Control schools continued with usual practice. We used thematic qualitative data analysis and regression modelling to ascertain the feasibility, acceptability and potential usefulness of the intervention. RESULTS Thirteen training observations, 14 staff focus groups and 6 staff interviews were completed, and 438 staff (43.5 %) and 1,862 (56.3 %) students (years 8 and 9) completed questionnaires at baseline and one year later. MHFA training was considered relevant for schools, and trainees gained in knowledge, confidence in helping others, and awareness regarding their own mental health. Suggestions for reducing the length of the training and focusing on helping strategies were made. A peer support service was established in all intervention schools and was perceived to be helpful in supporting individuals in difficulty - for example through listening, and signposting to other services - and raising the profile of mental health at a whole school level. Barriers to use included lack of knowledge about the service, concerns about confidentiality and a preference for accessing support from pre-existing networks. CONCLUSIONS The WISE intervention is feasible and acceptable to schools. Results support the development of a full-scale cluster RCT, if steps are taken to improve response rates and implement the suggested improvements to the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN13255300 retrospectively registered 28/09/16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judi Kidger
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Tracey Stone
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
- National Institute for Health Research Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care in the West (NIHR CLAHRC West), 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Rowan Brockman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - William Hollingworth
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Michael King
- Division of Psychiatry (Faculty of Brain Sciences), University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149, Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF UK
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Ricardo Araya, Professor of Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - David Gunnell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
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Effectiveness of educational materials to prevent occupational low back pain. Occup Med (Lond) 2016; 66:623-629. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqw072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kidger J, Brockman R, Tilling K, Campbell R, Ford T, Araya R, King M, Gunnell D. Teachers' wellbeing and depressive symptoms, and associated risk factors: A large cross sectional study in English secondary schools. J Affect Disord 2016; 192:76-82. [PMID: 26707351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teachers have been shown to have high levels of stress and common mental disorder, but few studies have examined which factors within the school environment are associated with poor teacher mental health. METHODS Teachers (n=555) in 8 schools completed self-report questionnaires. Levels of teacher wellbeing (Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale-WEMWBS) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ-9) were measured and associations between these measures and school-related factors were examined using multilevel multivariable regression models. RESULTS The mean (SD) teacher wellbeing score (47.2 (8.8)) was lower than reported in working population samples, and 19.4% had evidence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores >10). Feeling unable to talk to a colleague when feeling stressed or down, dissatisfaction with work and high presenteeism were all strongly associated with both poor wellbeing (beta coefficients ranged from -4.65 [-6.04, -3.28] to -3.39 [-5.48, -1.31]) and depressive symptoms (ORs ranged from 2.44 [1.41, 4.19] to 3.31 [1.70, 6.45]). Stress at work and recent change in school governance were also associated with poor wellbeing (beta coefficients=-4.22 [-5.95, -2.48] and -2.17 [-3.58, -0.77] respectively), while sickness absence and low student attendance were associated with depressive symptoms (ORs=2.14 [1.24, 3.67] and 1.93 [1.06, 6.45] respectively). LIMITATIONS i) This was a cross-sectional study; causal associations cannot be identified ii) several of the measures were self-report iii) the small number of schools reduced study power for the school-level variables CONCLUSIONS Wellbeing is low and depressive symptoms high amongst teachers. Interventions aimed at improving their mental health might focus on reducing work related stress, and increasing the support available to them.
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Gilworth G, Smyth MG, Smith J, Tennant A. The Manual Work Instability Scale: development and validation. Occup Med (Lond) 2016; 66:300-4. [PMID: 26747888 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqv217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing awareness of the burden of absenteeism and reduced performance at work highlights the importance of early identification of individuals experiencing work instability (WI), a mismatch between functional and cognitive abilities and job demands. AIMS To develop and validate a screening questionnaire to measure WI in manual workers. METHODS Questionnaire items were generated via qualitative interviews with manual workers and a draft survey instrument was completed by workers in a variety of fields. Rasch analysis was used interactively to assess the psychometric aspects of the emerging scale, including unidimensionality and absence of item bias (differential item functioning). RESULTS A total of 17 qualitative interviews generated 110 potential items for the questionnaire. The item set resolved to a 25-item scale, which satisfied model expectations (item residual mean = -0.13, SD = 1.04; person residual mean = -0.29, SD = 0.75), had good reliability (alpha = 0.86) and strict unidimensionality (t-test 7.5% confidence interval 3.8-11.2). CONCLUSIONS The Manual Work Instability Scale is a short psychometrically robust questionnaire based on the concept of WI, which incorporates both musculoskeletal symptoms and relevant psychosocial factors. It may prove effective in screening and identifying WI in workers in predominantly physical occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gilworth
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, D Floor, Martin Wing, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Gt. George Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, UK
| | - M G Smyth
- Work Fit Occupational Physiotherapy and Ergonomics Services Ltd., 38 Newlay Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS18 4LE, UK
| | - J Smith
- Work Fit Occupational Physiotherapy and Ergonomics Services Ltd., 38 Newlay Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS18 4LE, UK
| | - A Tennant
- Schweizer Paraplegiker-Forschung AG, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland.
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Money A, Carder M, Hussey L, Agius RM. The utility of information collected by occupational disease surveillance systems. Occup Med (Lond) 2015; 65:626-31. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqv138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jabbour R, Turner S, Hussey L, Page F, Agius R. Workplace injury data reported by occupational physicians and general practitioners. Occup Med (Lond) 2015; 65:296-302. [PMID: 25883217 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate workplace injury data are useful in the prioritization of prevention strategies. In the UK, physicians report workplace ill-health data within The Health and Occupation Research (THOR) network, including injury case reports. AIMS To compare workplace injury data reported by occupational physicians (OPs) and general practitioners (GPs) to THOR. METHODS Injury cases reported by OPs and GPs, reported to THOR between 2006 and 2012 were analysed. Demographics, industrial groups, nature of injury, kind of accident and site of injury were compared. Data on sickness absence for workplace injuries reported by GPs were investigated. RESULTS In total, 2017 workplace injury cases were reported by OPs and GPs. Males were more likely to sustain a workplace accident than females. Sprains and strains were reported most often, with the upper limbs being affected most frequently. Slips, trips and falls were identified as important causal factors by both OPs and GPs. Psychological injuries also featured in THOR reporting, with a higher proportion reported by OPs (21%) than by GPs (3%). The proportion of people classified as 'unfit' by GPs reduced following the introduction of the 'fit' note. CONCLUSIONS THOR reports returned by OPs and GPs provide a valuable source of information of workplace injury data, and complement other sources of information, such as the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations and the Labour Force Survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jabbour
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - S Turner
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - L Hussey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - F Page
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - R Agius
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Hussey L, Money A, Gittins M, Agius R. Has the fit note reduced general practice sickness certification rates? Occup Med (Lond) 2015; 65:182-9. [PMID: 25740915 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqu207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010, the fit note replaced the sick note to help focus on what people are capable of doing, rather than signing patients 'off sick'. AIMS To compare proportions of work-related ill-health issued with sickness certification pre- and post-fit note introduction and assess sickness absence trends. METHODS General practitioners (GPs) report data on work-related ill-health and sickness absence via The Health and Occupation Research network in General Practice. The proportion of cases issued with sickness certification 4 years before and 3 years after the fit note introduction were compared. Changes in certification incidence rate ratios were measured over time. RESULTS Participating GPs reported 5517 cases of work-related ill-health. Pre-fit note introduction 50% of cases were certified sick. There was no change in the proportion of cases certified sick in the first year post-fit note, despite 13% of cases classified as 'maybe fit'. However, in the second year, the proportion of cases certified sick had reduced significantly (41%) and a larger proportion (19%) was advised on workplace adjustments. In the third year post-introduction, there was a slight rise in the proportion of cases certified sick; therefore, although there was a fall of 2% per annum in certification rates, this was not significant. CONCLUSIONS In the first year post-fit note introduction, modifications to work were recommended for people who would previously have been declared fit. Trends analyses showed a slight decrease in the certification rate, possibly indicating GPs will become more practised in advising on workplace adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hussey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,
| | - A Money
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - M Gittins
- Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - R Agius
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Agius RM, Hussey LJ. Certified sickness absence: does the ‘fit-note’ work? Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:463-4. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Baydoun M, Dumit N, Daouk-Öyry L. What do nurse managers say about nurses’ sickness absenteeism? A new perspective. J Nurs Manag 2015; 24:97-104. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Baydoun
- School of Nursing; Faculty of Medicine; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nuhad Dumit
- School of Nursing; Faculty of Medicine; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
- Evidence-based Healthcare Management Unit; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Lina Daouk-Öyry
- Evidence-based Healthcare Management Unit; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
- Suliman S. Olayan School of Business; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
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Ranavolo A, Mari S, Conte C, Serrao M, Silvetti A, Iavicoli S, Draicchio F. A new muscle co-activation index for biomechanical load evaluation in work activities. ERGONOMICS 2015; 58:966-979. [PMID: 25555042 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.991764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-back disorders (LBDs) are the most common and costly musculoskeletal problem. Muscle co-activation, a mechanism that stabilises the spine, is adopted by the central nervous system to provide added protection and avoid LBDs. However, during high-risk lifting tasks, the compressive load on the spine grows owing to increased co-activation. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the sample-by-sample monitoring of the co-activation of more than two muscles, and to compare this method with agonist-antagonist methods. We propose a time-varying multi-muscle co-activation function that considers electromyographic (EMG) signals as input. EMG data of 10 healthy subjects were recorded while they manually lifted loads at three progressively heavier conditions. The repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of lifting condition on our co-activation index. Heavier conditions resulted in higher muscle co-activation values. Significant correlations were found between the time-varying multi-muscle co-activation index and other agonist-antagonist methods. Practitioner Summary: We have developed a method to quantify muscle co-activation during the execution of a lifting task. To do this we used surface electromyography. Our algorithm provides a measure of time-varying co-activation between more than two muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ranavolo
- a Department of Occupational Medicine , INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome 00040 , Italy
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Rosta J, Tellnes G, Aasland OG. Differences in sickness absence between self-employed and employed doctors: a cross-sectional study on national sample of Norwegian doctors in 2010. BMC Health Serv Res 2014; 14:199. [PMID: 24885230 PMCID: PMC4016650 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-14-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doctors have a low prevalence of sickness absence. Employment status is a determinant in the multifactorial background of sickness absence. The effect of doctors’ employment status on sickness absence is unexplored. The study compares the number of sickness absence days during the last 12 months and the impact of employment status, psychosocial work stress, self-rated health and demographics on sickness absence between self-employed practitioners and employed hospital doctors in Norway. Methods The study population consisted of a representative sample of 521 employed interns and consultants and 313 self-employed GPs and private practice specialists in Norway, who received postal questionnaires in 2010. The questionnaires contained items on sickness absence days during the last 12 months, employment status, demographics, self-rated health, professional autonomy and psychosocial work stress. Results 84% (95% CI 80 to 88%) of self-employed and 60% (95% CI 55 to 64%) of employed doctors reported no absence at all last year. In three multivariate logistic regression models with sickness absence as response variable, employment category was a highly significant predictor for absence vs. no absence, 1 to 3 days of absence vs. no absence and 4 to 99 days of absence vs. no absence), while in a model with 100 or more days of absence vs. no absence, there was no difference between employment categories, suggesting that serious chronic disease or injury is less dependent on employment category. Average or poor self-rated health and low professional autonomy, were also significant predictors of sickness absence, while psychosocial work stress, age and gender were not. Conclusion Self-employed GPs and private practice specialist reported lower sickness absence than employed hospital doctors. Differences in sickness compensation, and organisational and individual factors may to a certain extent explain this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Rosta
- Institute for Studies of the Medical Profession, Oslo, Norway.
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Hussey L, Carder M, Money A, Turner S, Agius R. Comparison of work-related ill-health data from different GB sources. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 63:30-7. [PMID: 23071174 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of data sources help inform policy decisions regarding the risk of work-related ill-health. AIMS To compare self-reported and medically reported data from multiple sources and discuss their benefits and limitations in providing estimates of work-related ill-health incidence in Great Britain. METHODS Sources included The Health & Occupation Reporting network (THOR & THOR-GP (THOR in General Practice)) and the survey of Self-reported Work-related Illness (SWI). Results from SWI and THOR from GPs, rheumatologists, psychiatrists, dermatologists and respiratory physicians (2006-2009) were compared. THOR-GP data also included patient referrals information. RESULTS Overall incidence rates were highest when calculated from self-reported data, and lowest from clinical specialists. SWI rates were higher than GP rates for mental ill-health (SWI 790, GP 500 per 100 000 persons employed) and 'other' diagnoses (SWI 368, GP 41), whereas incidence rates for musculoskeletal (SWI 670, GP 684) and skin diagnoses (SWI 38, GP 152) were higher from GPs. Very few cases of musculoskeletal and mental ill-health were referred to clinical specialists (<1%). Skin (15%) and respiratory (26%) cases were referred more frequently. Case mix varied by data source. CONCLUSIONS SWI is more inclusive than THOR-GP; however, reports are unsubstantiated by medical opinion. Clinical specialist reports are subject to biases such as severity and referral patterns. GP data benefit from their inclusion of less severe cases than reports from secondary care and may give a better reflection of the incidence of diseases with a work-related aetiology unrecognized by self-reporting individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hussey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Hobson J. In this issue of Occupational Medicine. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 62:81. [PMID: 22355084 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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