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Wahid HH, Anahar FN, Isahak NH, Mohd Zoharodzi J, Mohammad Khoiri SNL, Mohamad Zainal NH, Kamarudin N, Ismail H, Mustafa Mahmud MIA. Role of Platelet Activating Factor as a Mediator of Inflammatory Diseases and Preterm Delivery. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:862-878. [PMID: 38403163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Nearly 70% of preterm deliveries occur spontaneously, and the clinical pathways involved include preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Prediction of preterm delivery is considered crucial due to the significant effects of preterm birth on health and the economy at both the personal and community levels. Although similar inflammatory processes occur in both term and preterm delivery, the premature activation of these processes or exaggerated inflammatory response triggered by infection or sterile factors leads to preterm delivery. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a phosphoglycerylether lipid mediator of inflammation that is implicated in infections, cancers, and various chronic diseases and disorders including cardiovascular, renal, cerebrovascular, and central nervous system diseases. In gestational tissues, PAF mediates the inflammatory pathways that stimulate the effector mechanisms of labor, including myometrial contraction, cervical dilation, and fetal membrane rupture. Women with preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes have increased levels of PAF in their amniotic fluid. In mice, the intrauterine or intraperitoneal administration of carbamyl PAF activates inflammation in gestational tissues, thereby eliciting preterm delivery. This review summarizes recent research on PAF as an important inflammatory mediator in preterm delivery and in other inflammatory disorders, highlighting its potential value for prediction, intervention, and prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Wahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Fatin N Anahar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul H Isahak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Juwairiyah Mohd Zoharodzi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Siti N L Mohammad Khoiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul H Mohamad Zainal
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhidayah Kamarudin
- Department of Pathology, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Ismail
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed I A Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
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Riera-Ferrer E, Mazanec H, Mladineo I, Konik P, Piazzon MC, Kuchta R, Palenzuela O, Estensoro I, Sotillo J, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. An inside out journey: biogenesis, ultrastructure and proteomic characterisation of the ectoparasitic flatworm Sparicotyle chrysophrii extracellular vesicles. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:175. [PMID: 38570784 PMCID: PMC10993521 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to have a three-way communication function among parasitic helminths, their host and the host-associated microbiota. They are considered biological containers that may carry virulence factors, being therefore appealing as therapeutic and prophylactic target candidates. This study aims to describe and characterise EVs secreted by Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Polyopisthocotyla: Microcotylidae), a blood-feeding gill parasite of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), causing significant economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture. METHODS To identify proteins involved in extracellular vesicle biogenesis, genomic datasets from S. chrysophrii were mined in silico using known protein sequences from Clonorchis spp., Echinococcus spp., Fasciola spp., Fasciolopsis spp., Opisthorchis spp., Paragonimus spp. and Schistosoma spp. The location and ultrastructure of EVs were visualised by transmission electron microscopy after fixing adult S. chrysophrii specimens by high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution. EVs were isolated and purified from adult S. chrysophrii (n = 200) using a newly developed ultracentrifugation-size-exclusion chromatography protocol for Polyopisthocotyla, and EVs were characterised via nanoparticle tracking analysis and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Fifty-nine proteins involved in EV biogenesis were identified in S. chrysophrii, and EVs compatible with ectosomes were observed in the syncytial layer of the haptoral region lining the clamps. The isolated and purified nanoparticles had a mean size of 251.8 nm and yielded 1.71 × 108 particles · mL-1. The protein composition analysis identified proteins related to peptide hydrolases, GTPases, EF-hand domain proteins, aerobic energy metabolism, anticoagulant/lipid-binding, haem detoxification, iron transport, EV biogenesis-related, vesicle-trafficking and other cytoskeletal-related proteins. Several identified proteins, such as leucyl and alanyl aminopeptidases, calpain, ferritin, dynein light chain, 14-3-3, heat shock protein 70, annexin, tubulin, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, enolase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, have already been proposed as target candidates for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. CONCLUSIONS We have unambiguously demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge the secretion of EVs by an ectoparasitic flatworm, inferring their biogenesis machinery at a genomic and transcriptomic level, and by identifying their location and protein composition. The identification of multiple therapeutic targets among EVs' protein repertoire provides opportunities for target-based drug discovery and vaccine development for the first time in Polyopisthocotyla (sensu Monogenea), and in a fish-ectoparasite model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Riera-Ferrer
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Hynek Mazanec
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, (BC CAS), České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Laboratory of Functional Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences (BC CAS), České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Konik
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, (BC CAS), České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Oswaldo Palenzuela
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Itziar Estensoro
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
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Li L, Xin Q, Zhang L, Miao Z, Zhu Z, Huang Q, Zheng N. Analysis of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of embryonic gonadal development in Mulard duck. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103303. [PMID: 38096667 PMCID: PMC10762475 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of differences in embryonic gonadal development between intergeneric distance hybrid offspring Mulard ducks and parent ducks. The morphological differences gonadal tissues of Muscovy ducks, Pekin ducks and Mulard ducks at 12.5-day embryonic age were observed by sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Then followed by transcriptome sequencing to screen for gonadal development-related differentially expressed circRNAs and mRNAs to construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. Finally, qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter system were used to verify the sequencing data and targeting relationship of ceRNA pairs. The results showed that the seminiferous tubule lumen of Mulard ducks was not obvious, while there were obvious seminiferous tubules and tubular structures in testis of Pekin ducks and Muscovy ducks, with number and shape indicating maturity. There were 18 upregulated circRNAs and 16 downregulated circRNAs in Mulard ducks and Pekin ducks, respectively, and 39 upregulated circRNAs and 1 downregulated circRNA in Mulard ducks and Muscovy ducks, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis found that genes involves in dorso-ventral axis formation, for example, neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH1), were significantly enriched (P < 0.05). The novel_circ_0002265-gga-miR-122-5p-PAFAH1B2 regulatory network was constructed. The qRT-PCR results showed that the sequencing results were reliable. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that gga-miR-122-5p exists binding site of circ_0002265 and PAFAH1B2, indicating circ_0002265-gga-miR-122-5p-PAFAH1B2 targeting relationship. In summary, the embryonic gonadal development of intergeneric hybrid Mulard ducks may be regulated by differentially expressed circRNAs and genes, such as novel_circ_0000519, novel_circ_0003537, NOTCH1, FGFR2, PAFAH1B1, and PAFAH1B2, among which circ_0002265-gga-miR-122-5p-PAFAH1B2 may participate in the targeted regulation of gonadal development in Mulard ducks. The findings of this study are helpful for analyzing the mechanism of embryonic gonadal development differences in avians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qingwu Xin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Zhongwei Miao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qinlou Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Nenzhu Zheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China.
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Carter MC, Park J, Vadas P, Worm M. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Modulators of Anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:1998-2006. [PMID: 37230384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The severity of anaphylaxis is determined by many factors. The allergenic source as well as the age of the affected individual and the route of allergen exposure encompass the major contributors of the clinical outcome. Moreover, the severity can be modulated further by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among these, the genetic predisposition, certain comorbidities such as uncontrolled asthma, and hormonal fluctuations have been proposed as intrinsic and antihypertensive medications or physical activity as extrinsic factors. Recent advances have highlighted immunologic pathways that may exacerbate the response to allergens through receptors on mast cells, basophils, platelets, and other granulocytes. Atopy, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency, hereditary alpha tryptasemia, and clonal mast cell disorders are examples associated with genetic alterations that may predispose to severe anaphylaxis. Identifying risk factors that lower the threshold of reactivity or increase the severity of multisystem reactions is important in the management of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody C Carter
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Jane Park
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Vadas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Bohn B, Lutsey PL, Tang W, Pankow JS, Norby FL, Yu B, Ballantyne CM, Whitsel EA, Matsushita K, Demmer RT. A proteomic approach for investigating the pleiotropic effects of statins in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. J Proteomics 2023; 272:104788. [PMID: 36470581 PMCID: PMC9819193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are prescribed to reduce LDL-c and risk of CVD. Statins have pleiotropic effects, affecting pathophysiological functions beyond LDL-c reduction. We compared the proteome of statin users and nonusers (controls). We hypothesized that statin use is associated with proteins unrelated to lipid metabolism. METHODS Among 10,902 participants attending ARIC visit 3 (1993-95), plasma concentrations of 4955 proteins were determined using SOMAlogic's DNA aptamer-based capture array. 379 participants initiated statins within the 2 years prior. Propensity scores (PS) were calculated based on visit 2 (1990-92) LDL-c levels and visit 3 demographic/clinical characteristics. 360 statin users were PS matched to controls. Log2-transformed and standardized protein levels were compared using t-tests, with false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment for multiple comparisons. Analyses were replicated in visit 2. RESULTS Covariates were balanced after PS matching, except for higher visit 3 LDL-c levels among controls (125.70 vs 147.65 mg/dL; p < 0.0001). Statin users had 11 enriched and 11 depleted protein levels after FDR adjustment (q < 0.05). Proteins related and unrelated to lipid metabolism differed between groups. Results were largely replicated in visit 2. CONCLUSION Proteins unrelated to lipid metabolism differed by statin use. Pending external validation, exploring their biological functions could elucidate pleiotropic effects of statins. SIGNIFICANCE Statins are the primary pharmacotherapy for lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. Their primary mechanism of action is through inhibiting the protein 3hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway of LDL cholesterol synthesis. However, statins have pleiotropic effects and may affect other biological processes directly or indirectly, with hypothesized negative and positive effects. The present study contributes to identifying these pathways by comparing the proteome of stain users and nonusers with propensity score matching. Our findings highlight potential biological mechanisms underlying statin pleiotropy, informing future efforts to identify statin users at risk of rare nonatherosclerotic outcomes and identify health benefits of statin use independent of LDL-C reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Faye L Norby
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Bing Yu
- Baylor College of Medicine, United States of America
| | | | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America.
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Liu X, Mei W, Padmanaban V, Alwaseem H, Molina H, Passarelli MC, Tavora B, Tavazoie SF. A pro-metastatic tRNA fragment drives Nucleolin oligomerization and stabilization of its bound metabolic mRNAs. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2604-2617.e8. [PMID: 35654044 PMCID: PMC9444141 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced cleavage of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) into tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) occurs across organisms from yeast to humans; yet, its mechanistic underpinnings and pathological consequences remain poorly defined. Small RNA profiling revealed increased abundance of a cysteine tRNA fragment (5'-tRFCys) during breast cancer metastatic progression. 5'-tRFCys was required for efficient breast cancer metastatic lung colonization and cancer cell survival. We identified Nucleolin as the direct binding partner of 5'-tRFCys. 5'-tRFCys promoted the oligomerization of Nucleolin and its bound metabolic transcripts Mthfd1l and Pafah1b1 into a higher-order transcript stabilizing ribonucleoprotein complex, which protected these transcripts from exonucleolytic degradation. Consistent with this, Mthfd1l and Pafah1b1 mediated pro-metastatic and metabolic effects downstream of 5'-tRFCys-impacting folate, one-carbon, and phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Our findings reveal that a tRF can promote oligomerization of an RNA-binding protein into a transcript stabilizing ribonucleoprotein complex, thereby driving specific metabolic pathways underlying cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wenbin Mei
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Veena Padmanaban
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maria C Passarelli
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bernardo Tavora
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sohail F Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Gao X, Liu Y, Li Y, Fan H, Wu R, Zhang R, Faubert B, He YY, Bissonnette MB, Xia S, Chen D, Mao H, Boggon TJ, Chen J. Lyso-PAF, a biologically inactive phospholipid, contributes to RAF1 activation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1992-2005.e9. [PMID: 35417664 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2, group VII (PLA2G7) is widely recognized as a secreted, lipoprotein-associated PLA2 in plasma that converts phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) to a biologically inactive product Lyso-PAF during inflammatory response. We report that intracellular PLA2G7 is selectively important for cell proliferation and tumor growth potential of melanoma cells expressing mutant NRAS, but not cells expressing BRAF V600E. Mechanistically, PLA2G7 signals through its product Lyso-PAF to contribute to RAF1 activation by mutant NRAS, which is bypassed by BRAF V600E. Intracellular Lyso-PAF promotes p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) activation by binding to its catalytic domain and altering ATP kinetics, while PAK2 significantly contributes to S338-phosphorylation of RAF1 in addition to PAK1. Furthermore, the PLA2G7-PAK2 axis is also required for full activation of RAF1 in cells stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or cancer cells expressing mutant KRAS. Thus, PLA2G7 and Lyso-PAF exhibit intracellular signaling functions as key elements of RAS-RAF1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rukang Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marc B Bissonnette
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Siyuan Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Yue M, Hu M, Fu F, Ruan H, Wu C. Emerging Roles of Platelets in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846055. [PMID: 35432313 PMCID: PMC9010873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, driven by Th2 immune responses and characterized by eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, excessive mucus production, and airway remodeling. Overwhelming evidence from studies in animal models and allergic asthmatic patients suggests that platelets are aberrantly activated and recruited to the lungs. It has been established that platelets can interact with other immune cells and secrete various biochemical mediators to promote allergic sensitization and airway inflammatory response, and platelet deficiency may alleviate the pathological features and symptoms of allergic asthma. However, the comprehensive roles of platelets in allergic asthma have not been fully clarified, leaving attempts to treat allergic asthma with antiplatelet agents questionable. In this review, we summarize the role of platelet activation and pulmonary accumulation in allergic asthma; emphasis is placed on the different interactions between platelets with crucial immune cell types and the contribution of platelet-derived mediators in this context. Furthermore, clinical antiplatelet approaches to treat allergic asthma are discussed. This review provides a clearer understanding of the roles of platelets in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and could be informative in the development of novel strategies for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yue
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongfeng Ruan,
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Platelets, a Key Cell in Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061014. [PMID: 35326465 PMCID: PMC8947573 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play important roles in thrombosis-dependent obstructive cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it has now become evident that platelets also participate in the earliest stages of atherosclerosis, including the genesis of the atherosclerotic lesion. Moreover, while the link between platelet activity and hemostasis has been well established, the role of platelets as modulators of inflammation has only recently been recognized. Thus, through their secretory activities, platelets can chemically attract a diverse repertoire of cells to inflammatory foci. Although monocytes and lymphocytes act as key cells in the progression of an inflammatory event and play a central role in plaque formation and progression, there is also evidence that platelets can traverse the endothelium, and therefore be a direct mediator in the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. This review provides an overview of platelet interactions and regulation in atherosclerosis.
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A Review on Transcriptional Responses of Interactions between Insect Vectors and Plant Viruses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040693. [PMID: 35203347 PMCID: PMC8870222 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a synopsis of transcriptional responses pertaining to interactions between plant viruses and the insect vectors that transmit them in diverse modes. In the process, it attempts to catalog differential gene expression pertinent to virus–vector interactions in vectors such as virus reception, virus cell entry, virus tissue tropism, virus multiplication, and vector immune responses. Whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and thrips are the main insect groups reviewed, along with aphids and leaf beetles. Much of the focus on gene expression pertinent to vector–virus interactions has centered around whole-body RNA extraction, whereas data on virus-induced tissue-specific gene expression in vectors is limited. This review compares transcriptional responses in different insect groups following the acquisition of non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent (non-propagative and propagative) plant viruses and identifies parallels and divergences in gene expression patterns. Understanding virus-induced changes in vectors at a transcriptional level can aid in the identification of candidate genes for targeting with RNAi and/or CRISPR editing in insect vectors for management approaches.
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11
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He Y, He Z, Zhang X, Liu S. Platelet-activating factor acetyl hydrolase IB2 dysregulated cell proliferation in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:697. [PMID: 34930255 PMCID: PMC8690939 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic illnessed worldwide. Platelet-activating factor acetyl hydrolase IB2 (PAF-AH IB2) is an intracellular serine esterase that hydrolyzes platelet-activating factor, a G-protein-like trimer with two catalytic subunits and one regulatory subunit. The regulatory role of PAF-AH IB2 in the oncogenesis of ovarian cancer is not well understood. Methods In this study, the TCGA dataset and clinical cancer tissue microarray were utilized to investigate abnormal overexpression of PAF-AH IB2 in ovarian cancer. To investigate the impact on the cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity in vitro, PAF-AH IB2 stable knocking down (KD) ovarian cancer cells were established by ShRNA. The whole transcription profiling, tyrosine kinase profiling and standard cell functional assays were integrated to explore the biological importance and mechanism of PAF-AH IB2 modulated in ovarian cancer. Results PAF-AH IB2 was identified significantly overexpression in four subtypes of ovarian cancer. In vitro, PAF-AH IB2 KD significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity, activated caspases and caused cell cycle arrest, and made the cells more sensitive to PAF. PAF-AH 1B2 KD cells down-regulated several key regulators of the multiple tyrosine kinases-mediated signaling pathway, suggesting a novel interaction network between the growth factor receptors pathway and PAF-AH 1B2 mediated PAF signalling. Conclusions These findings revealed a previously undiscovered role for PAF-AH IB2 as a potenial therapy target and essential signaling mediators in ovarian cancer pathogenesis, as well as new possible preventive and therapeutic strategies to inhibit this enzyme in clinical treatment for ovarian cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02406-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingYing He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical Science & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Nakamura Y, Yoshida M, Tanigawa K, Harada A, Kihara-Negishi F, Maruyama K, Karasawa K. Deficiency of Type I Platelet-Activating Factor-Acetylhydrolase Catalytic Subunits Causes an Increase in Body Weight. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:920-925. [PMID: 34193688 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type I platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) forms a complex consisting of two catalytic subunits (α1 and/or α2) with a regulatory subunit (β). Although this protein was discovered as an enzyme that degrades an acetyl ester linked at the sn-2 position of platelet-activating factor (PAF), its physiological function remains unknown. In this study, to examine whether knockout mice lacking the catalytic subunits of this enzyme showed a different phenotype from that of wild-type mice, we measured and compared the body weights of knockout mice and control mice. The body weights of knockout mice were significantly increased compared to those of the control mice during 6 to 20 weeks from birth. Food intake was also significantly increased in knockout mice compared with control mice during these periods. Since a decrease in testis weight was reported in the knockout mice, we expected a decrease in testosterone levels. We measured and compared the amounts of testosterone in the serum and testis of knockout and control mice using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and found that testosterone levels in both the serum and testis were significantly decreased in the knockout mice compared with the control mice. These results suggest that a deficiency of type I PAF-AH catalytic subunits causes an increase in body weight, in part, due to reduced testosterone levels in male mice.
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13
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Tian Z, Chu T, Shields LBE, Zhu Q, Zhang YP, Kong M, Barnes GN, Wang Y, Shields CB, Cai J. Platelet-Activating Factor Deteriorates Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Demyelination Via Its Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Effects. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4069-4081. [PMID: 32661728 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that platelet-activating factor (PAF) increases the inflammatory response in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, PAF receptor (PAFR) antagonists do not show therapeutic efficacy for MS, and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PAF on an ex vivo demyelination cerebellar model following lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC, 0.5 mg/mL) application using wild-type and PAFR conventional knockout (PAFR-KO) mice. Demyelination was induced in cerebellar slices that were cultured with LPC for 18 h. Exogenous PAF (1 μM) acting on cerebellar slices alone did not cause demyelination but increased the severity of LPC-induced demyelination in both wild-type and PAFR-KO mice. LPC inhibited the expression of PAF-AH, MBP, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 but facilitated the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in wild-type preparations. Of note, exogenous PAF stimulated microglial activation in both wild-type and PAFR-KO mice. The subsequent inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 demonstrated a diverse transcriptional profile with or without LPC treatment. PAF promoted TNF-α expression and suppressed TGF-β1 expression indiscriminately in wild-type and knockout slices; however, transcription of IL-1β and IL-6 was not significantly affected in both slices. The syntheses of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased in LPC-induced demyelination preparations without PAF but showed a redundancy in PAF-treated wild-type and knockout slices. These data suggest that PAF can play a detrimental role in LPC-induced demyelination probably due to a redundant response of PAFR-dependent and PAFR-independent effects on inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Tianci Chu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Qingsan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health & Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yuanyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Christopher B Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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14
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Sato A, Ebina K. A biotinylated peptide, BP21, alleviates hypotension in anaphylactic mice. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3197. [PMID: 31264321 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is known as an important mediator of anaphylaxis and, therefore, may possibly serve as a direct target for anti-anaphylactic drugs. We recently reported that a synthetic N-terminally biotinylated peptide, BP21, alleviates hypothermia and vascular hyperpermeability during anaphylactic reactions in a mouse model of anaphylaxis via the direct binding of a Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly sequence in the peptide to PAF. In this study, we investigated the effect of BP21 on in vivo anaphylactic hypotension. Results showed that BP21 significantly inhibited anaphylactic hypotension in a dose-dependent manner, with peak severity being reached within 20 minutes. Adrenaline, which is the recommended first line treatment for anaphylactic patients, did not inhibit anaphylactic hypothermia. The combined administration of BP21 with adrenaline inhibited both hypotension and hypothermia, even at both low doses, more effectively compared with solo administration of BP21 or adrenaline. These results suggested that BP21 could potentially be a novel anti-anaphylactic agent for targeting PAF in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iryo Sosei (former Iwaki Meisei) University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ebina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iryo Sosei (former Iwaki Meisei) University, Fukushima, Japan
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15
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Schliefsteiner C, Hirschmugl B, Kopp S, Curcic S, Bernhart EM, Marsche G, Lang U, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus increases placental and foetal lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 which might exert protective functions against oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12628. [PMID: 28974763 PMCID: PMC5626711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) has been associated with inflammatory pathologies, including Type 2 Diabetes. Studies on LpPLA2 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are rare, and have focused mostly on maternal outcome. In the present study, we investigated whether LpPLA2 activity on foetal lipoproteins is altered by maternal GDM and/or obesity (a major risk factor for GDM), thereby contributing to changes in lipoprotein functionality. We identified HDL as the major carrier of LpPLA2 activity in the foetus, which is in contrast to adults. We observed marked expression of LpPLA2 in placental macrophages (Hofbauer cells; HBCs) and found that LpPLA2 activity in these cells was increased by insulin, leptin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These regulators were also increased in plasma of children born from GDM pregnancies. Our results suggest that insulin, leptin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines are positive regulators of LpPLA2 activity in the foeto-placental unit. Of particular interest, functional assays using a specific LpPLA2 inhibitor suggest that high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated LpPLA2 exerts anti-oxidative, athero-protective functions on placental endothelium and foetus. Our results therefore raise the possibility that foetal HDL-associated LpPLA2 might act as an anti-inflammatory enzyme improving vascular barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Hirschmugl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Kopp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sanja Curcic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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16
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Kleniewska P, Pawliczak R. The participation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:100-108. [PMID: 28756367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are produced during oxygen reduction and are characterized by high reactivity. They participate in many important physiological processes, but if produced in high concentrations they lead to oxidative stress development and disturb pro-oxidative/anti-oxidative balance towards the oxidation reaction - leading to damage of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates or nucleic acids. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways of various pathogenesis and clinical symptoms, prevalence in recent years has increased significantly. Recently published literature point out the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of asthma. Changes in the protein and lipid oxidation lead, among others, to pathological changes in the respiratory epithelial cells, an increase in vascular permeability, mucus overproduction, smooth muscle contraction or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on the influence of oxidative stress parameters on asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kleniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego St, bldg 2 Rm 122, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego St, bldg 2 Rm 122, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
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17
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Sato A, Ebina K. A biotinylated peptide, BP21, as a novel potent anti-anaphylactic agent targeting platelet-activating factor. J Pept Sci 2017. [PMID: 28627122 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an important mediator of anaphylaxis and is therefore an anti-anaphylactic drug target. We recently reported that synthetic N-terminally biotinylated peptides (BP4-BP29) inhibit PAF by directly interacting with PAF and its metabolite/precursor lyso-PAF. In this study, we investigated whether the biotinylated peptides can inhibit anaphylactic reactions in vivo. In mouse models of anaphylaxis, one of the peptides, BP21, markedly and dose-dependently inhibited hypothermia with a maximum dose-response within 30 min after administration, even at doses 20 times lesser than doses of the known PAF antagonist CV-3988. In contrast, the anti-hypothermic effect of BGP21, in which the Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly sequence in BP21 was modified to a Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly sequence, was less than that of BP21. The alanine scanning and shuffling the amino acid residues of BP4 (Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly) demonstrated that the Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly consensus sequence is important for the inhibitory effect of the peptide on hypothermia. BP21 also suppressed vascular permeability during anaphylaxis with a maximum dose-response within 30 min of administration. In a rat model of hind paw oedema, BP21 significantly inhibited the oedema induced by PAF but not that induced by the other pro-inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin. Tryptophan fluorescence measurements showed that BP21 interacted with PAF, but not with histamine, serotonin, or bradykinin. In contrast, BGP21 did not interact with PAF. These results suggest that biotinylated peptides, especially BP21, can specifically and markedly inhibit anaphylactic reactions in vivo and that this involves direct interaction of its Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly region with PAF. Therefore, a biotinylated peptide, BP21, can be used as novel potential anti-anaphylactic drugs targeting PAF. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ebina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan
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18
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Gene fusions PAFAH1B1 – USP6 and RUNX2 – USP6 in aneurysmal bone cysts identified by next generation sequencing. Cancer Genet 2017; 212-213:13-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Lambie SC, Kretschmer M, Croll D, Haslam TM, Kunst L, Klose J, Kronstad JW. The putative phospholipase Lip2 counteracts oxidative damage and influences the virulence of Ustilago maydis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:210-221. [PMID: 26950180 PMCID: PMC6638309 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen which causes common smut disease of corn. To proliferate in host tissue, U. maydis must gain access to nutrients and overcome plant defence responses, such as the production of reactive oxygen species. The elucidation of the mechanisms by which U. maydis meets these challenges is critical for the development of strategies to combat smut disease. In this study, we focused on the contributions of phospholipases (PLs) to the pathogenesis of corn smut disease. We identified 11 genes encoding putative PLs and characterized the transcript levels for these genes in the fungus grown in culture and during infection of corn tissue. To assess the contributions of specific PLs, we focused on two genes, lip1 and lip2, which encode putative phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) enzymes with similarity to platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases. PLA2 enzymes are known to counteract oxidative damage to lipids in other organisms. Consistent with a role in the mitigation of oxidative damage, lip2 mutants were sensitive to oxidative stress provoked by hydrogen peroxide and by increased production of reactive oxygen species caused by inhibitors of mitochondrial functions. Importantly, mutants defective in lip2, but not lip1, were attenuated for virulence in corn seedlings. Finally, a comparative analysis of fatty acid and cardiolipin profiles in the wild-type strain and a lip2 mutant revealed differences consistent with a protective role for Lip2 in maintaining lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial health during proliferation in the hostile host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Lambie
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3BCCanada
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4BCCanada
| | - Matthias Kretschmer
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4BCCanada
| | - Daniel Croll
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4BCCanada
- Present address:
Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich8092 ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Tegan M. Haslam
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4BCCanada
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4BCCanada
| | - Jana Klose
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3BCCanada
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4BCCanada
| | - James W. Kronstad
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3BCCanada
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4BCCanada
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20
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Liu Y, Shields LBE, Gao Z, Wang Y, Zhang YP, Chu T, Zhu Q, Shields CB, Cai J. Current Understanding of Platelet-Activating Factor Signaling in Central Nervous System Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5563-5572. [PMID: 27613281 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a bioactive lipid mediator which serves as a reciprocal messenger between the immune and nervous systems. PAF, a pluripotent inflammatory mediator, is extensively expressed in many cells and tissues and has either beneficial or detrimental effects on the progress of inflammation-related neuropathology. Its wide distribution and various biological functions initiate a cascade of physiological or pathophysiological responses during development or diseases. Current evidence indicates that excess PAF accumulation in CNS diseases exacerbates the inflammatory response and pathological consequences, while application of PAF inhibitors or PAFR antagonists by blocking this signaling pathway significantly reduces inflammation, protects cells, and improves the recovery of neural functions. In this review, we integrate the current findings of PAF signaling in CNS diseases and elucidate topics less appreciated but important on the role of PAF signaling in neurological diseases. We propose that the precise use of PAF inhibitors or PAFR antagonists that target the specific neural cells during the appropriate temporal window may constitute a potential therapy for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zhongwen Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yuanyi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Tianci Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Qingsan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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21
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Bhosle VK, Rivera JC, Zhou TE, Omri S, Sanchez M, Hamel D, Zhu T, Rouget R, Rabea AA, Hou X, Lahaie I, Ribeiro-da-Silva A, Chemtob S. Nuclear localization of platelet-activating factor receptor controls retinal neovascularization. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16017. [PMID: 27462464 PMCID: PMC4941644 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a pleiotropic phospholipid with proinflammatory, procoagulant and angiogenic actions on the vasculature. We and others have reported the presence of PAF receptor (Ptafr) at intracellular sites such as the nucleus. However, mechanisms of localization and physiologic functions of intracellular Ptafr remain poorly understood. We hereby identify the importance of C-terminal motif of the receptor and uncover novel roles of Rab11a GTPase and importin-5 in nuclear translocation of Ptafr in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Nuclear localization of Ptafr is independent of exogenous PAF stimulation as well as intracellular PAF biosynthesis. Moreover, nuclear Ptafr is responsible for the upregulation of unique set of growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, in vitro and ex vivo. We further corroborate the intracrine PAF signaling, resulting in angiogenesis in vivo, using Ptafr antagonists with distinct plasma membrane permeability. Collectively, our findings show that nuclear Ptafr translocates in an agonist-independent manner, and distinctive functions of Ptafr based on its cellular localization point to another dimension needed for pharmacologic selectivity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant K Bhosle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Centre of Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Centre of Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tianwei Ellen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Centre of Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samy Omri
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Centre of Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Centre of Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Hamel
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tang Zhu
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Raphael Rouget
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Areej Al Rabea
- Experimental Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xin Hou
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lahaie
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Centre of Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Ribeiro-da-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Centre of Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Besenboeck C, Cvitic S, Lang U, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Going into labor and beyond: phospholipase A2 in pregnancy. Reproduction 2016; 151:R91-R102. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe phospholipase A2(PLA2) family is a very diverse group of enzymes, all serving in the cleavage of phospholipids, thereby releasing high amounts of arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophospholipids. AA serves as a substrate for prostaglandin production, which is of special importance in pregnancy for the onset of parturition. Novel research demonstrates that PLA2action affects the immune response of the mother toward the child and is therefore probably implied in the tolerance of the fetus and prevention of miscarriage. This review presents data on the biochemical and enzymatic properties of PLA2during gestation with a special emphasis on its role for the placental function and development of the fetus. We also critically discuss the possible pathophysiological significance of PLA2alterations and its possible functional consequences. These alterations are often associated with pregnancy pathologies such as preeclampsia and villitis or pregnancy complications such as obesity and diabetes in the mother as well as preterm onset of labor.
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Sarma BK, Liu X, Kodadek T. Identification of selective covalent inhibitors of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 1B2 from the screening of an oxadiazolone-capped peptoid-azapeptoid hybrid library. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3953-3963. [PMID: 27160052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A potent and selective inhibitor of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1B2 (PAFAH1B2) is described. The compound was derived by improvement of a modest affinity primary hit isolated from the screening of a bead-displayed peptoid-azapeptoid hybrid library tethered to an oxadiazolone 'warhead'. The oxadiazolone moiety of the inhibitors was found to react covalently with the active site serine residue of PAFAH1B2. This screening strategy may be useful for the identification of many selective, covalent inhibitors of serine hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Kanta Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh-201314, India
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Departments of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, #3A2, Jupiter, Fl 33458, USA
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Departments of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, #3A2, Jupiter, Fl 33458, USA
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Sato A, Yokoyama I, Ebina K. Biotinylated heptapeptides substituted with a D-amino acid as platelet-activating factor inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:202-207. [PMID: 26142829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent lipid mediator, is implicated in many inflammatory diseases, and therefore may serve as a direct target for anti-inflammatory drugs. We previously reported that synthetic biotinylated peptides having a Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly sequence markedly inhibit PAF-induced inflammation by direct binding, and that two synthetic fluorescence-labelled heptapeptides (Lys-Trp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly-Asp and D-Lys-Trp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly-Asp) with high stability in plasma specifically bind to PAF-like lipids (oxidized- and lyso-phosphatidylchoine). In this study, synthetic heptapeptides (Lys-Trp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly-Asp) coupled to a biotin molecule through the N-terminal amino group and ε-amino group of N-terminus Lys, (Btn)KP6 and K(Btn)P6, respectively, and their biotinylated peptides substituted with D-Lys at the N-terminus, (Btn)dKP6 and dK(Btn)P6, respectively, were investigated for their effects on PAF-induced inflammation. In the experiments using a rat model of hind paw oedema, (Btn)KP6, K(Btn)P6, (Btn)dKP6, and dK(Btn)P6 significantly inhibited PAF-induced paw oedema, with the highest inhibitory effect exhibited by dK(Btn)P6. The inhibitory effect of D-Tyr-D-Lys-D-Asp-Gly tetrapeptide on PAF-induced paw oedema was much lower than that of Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly tetrapeptide. In the experiments using tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, (Btn)KP6, K(Btn)P6, (Btn)dKP6, and dK(Btn)P6 bound to PAF dose-dependently, with dK(Btn)P6 showing the strongest binding affinity, indicating that its affinity appears to be closely correlated with its inhibitory effect on PAF-induced inflammation. These results suggest that direct binding of (Btn)KP6, K(Btn)P6, (Btn)dKP6, and dK(Btn)P6 to PAF can lead to marked inhibition of PAF-induced inflammation, and these agents, particularly dK(Btn)P6, may be useful as anti-inflammatory drugs targeting PAF with high stability in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1, Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan.
| | - Izumi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1, Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ebina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1, Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
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Karasawa K, Inoue K. Overview of PAF-Degrading Enzymes. PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR ACETYLHYDROLASES (PAF-AH) 2015; 38:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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C-reactive protein specifically enhances platelet-activating factor-induced inflammatory activity in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 745:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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A multicopy Y-chromosomal SGNH hydrolase gene expressed in the testis of the platyfish has been captured and mobilized by a Helitron transposon. BMC Genet 2014; 15:44. [PMID: 24712907 PMCID: PMC4021074 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Teleost fish present a high diversity of sex determination systems, with possible frequent evolutionary turnover of sex chromosomes and sex-determining genes. In order to identify genes involved in male sex determination and differentiation in the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus, bacterial artificial chromosome contigs from the sex-determining region differentiating the Y from the X chromosome have been assembled and analyzed. Results A novel three-copy gene called teximY (for testis-expressed in Xiphophorus maculatus on the Y) was identified on the Y but not on the X chromosome. A highly related sequence called texim1, probably at the origin of the Y-linked genes, as well as three more divergent texim genes were detected in (pseudo)autosomal regions of the platyfish genome. Texim genes, for which no functional data are available so far in any organism, encode predicted esterases/lipases with a SGNH hydrolase domain. Texim proteins are related to proteins from very different origins, including proteins encoded by animal CR1 retrotransposons, animal platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases (PAFah) and bacterial hydrolases. Texim gene distribution is patchy in animals. Texim sequences were detected in several fish species including killifish, medaka, pufferfish, sea bass, cod and gar, but not in zebrafish. Texim-like genes are also present in Oikopleura (urochordate), Amphioxus (cephalochordate) and sea urchin (echinoderm) but absent from mammals and other tetrapods. Interestingly, texim genes are associated with a Helitron transposon in different fish species but not in urochordates, cephalochordates and echinoderms, suggesting capture and mobilization of an ancestral texim gene in the bony fish lineage. RT-qPCR analyses showed that Y-linked teximY genes are preferentially expressed in testis, with expression at late stages of spermatogenesis (late spermatids and spermatozeugmata). Conclusions These observations suggest either that TeximY proteins play a role in Helitron transposition in the male germ line in fish, or that texim genes are spermatogenesis genes mobilized and spread by transposable elements in fish genomes.
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Morissette MC, Lamontagne M, Bérubé JC, Gaschler G, Williams A, Yauk C, Couture C, Laviolette M, Hogg JC, Timens W, Halappanavar S, Stampfli MR, Bossé Y. Impact of cigarette smoke on the human and mouse lungs: a gene-expression comparison study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92498. [PMID: 24663285 PMCID: PMC3963906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is well known for its adverse effects on human health, especially on the lungs. Basic research is essential to identify the mechanisms involved in the development of cigarette smoke-related diseases, but translation of new findings from pre-clinical models to the clinic remains difficult. In the present study, we aimed at comparing the gene expression signature between the lungs of human smokers and mice exposed to cigarette smoke to identify the similarities and differences. Using human and mouse whole-genome gene expression arrays, changes in gene expression, signaling pathways and biological functions were assessed. We found that genes significantly modulated by cigarette smoke in humans were enriched for genes modulated by cigarette smoke in mice, suggesting a similar response of both species. Sixteen smoking-induced genes were in common between humans and mice including six newly reported to be modulated by cigarette smoke. In addition, we identified a new conserved pulmonary response to cigarette smoke in the induction of phospholipid metabolism/degradation pathways. Finally, the majority of biological functions modulated by cigarette smoke in humans were also affected in mice. Altogether, the present study provides information on similarities and differences in lung gene expression response to cigarette smoke that exist between human and mouse. Our results foster the idea that animal models should be used to study the involvement of pathways rather than single genes in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu C. Morissette
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Maxime Lamontagne
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Bérubé
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Gordon Gaschler
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carole Yauk
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Couture
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - James C. Hogg
- Center for Heart and Lung Health St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin R. Stampfli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health at St. Joseph’s Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
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Udpa N, Ronen R, Zhou D, Liang J, Stobdan T, Appenzeller O, Yin Y, Du Y, Guo L, Cao R, Wang Y, Jin X, Huang C, Jia W, Cao D, Guo G, Claydon VE, Hainsworth R, Gamboa JL, Zibenigus M, Zenebe G, Xue J, Liu S, Frazer KA, Li Y, Bafna V, Haddad GG. Whole genome sequencing of Ethiopian highlanders reveals conserved hypoxia tolerance genes. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R36. [PMID: 24555826 PMCID: PMC4054780 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-2-r36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has long been proposed that genetic factors contribute to adaptation to high altitude, such factors remain largely unverified. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have made it feasible to analyze genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in human populations. Since traditionally such studies surveyed only a small fraction of the genome, interpretation of the results was limited. RESULTS We report here the results of the first whole genome resequencing-based analysis identifying genes that likely modulate high altitude adaptation in native Ethiopians residing at 3,500 m above sea level on Bale Plateau or Chennek field in Ethiopia. Using cross-population tests of selection, we identify regions with a significant loss of diversity, indicative of a selective sweep. We focus on a 208 kbp gene-rich region on chromosome 19, which is significant in both of the Ethiopian subpopulations sampled. This region contains eight protein-coding genes and spans 135 SNPs. To elucidate its potential role in hypoxia tolerance, we experimentally tested whether individual genes from the region affect hypoxia tolerance in Drosophila. Three genes significantly impact survival rates in low oxygen: cic, an ortholog of human CIC, Hsl, an ortholog of human LIPE, and Paf-AHα, an ortholog of human PAFAH1B3. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals evolutionarily conserved genes that modulate hypoxia tolerance. In addition, we show that many of our results would likely be unattainable using data from exome sequencing or microarray studies. This highlights the importance of whole genome sequencing for investigating adaptation by natural selection.
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Common mechanism in endothelin-3 and PAF receptor function for anti-inflammatory responses. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:30-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sato A, Suzuki T, Oikawa K, Ohta R, Ebina K. An endothelin-3-related synthetic biotinylated pentapeptide as a novel inhibitor of platelet-activating factor. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:142-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mazereeuw G, Herrmann N, Bennett SAL, Swardfager W, Xu H, Valenzuela N, Fai S, Lanctôt KL. Platelet activating factors in depression and coronary artery disease: a potential biomarker related to inflammatory mechanisms and neurodegeneration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1611-21. [PMID: 23800745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of a depressive episode in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients not only heightens the risk of acute ischemic events, but it is also associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Antidepressant interventions for depression in CAD have only modest effects and novel approaches are limited by a poor understanding of etiological mechanisms. This review proposes that the platelet activating factor (PAF) family of lipids might be associated with the persistence of a depressive episode and related neurodegenerative pathology in CAD due to their association with leading etiological mechanisms for depression in CAD such as inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and platelet reactivity. The evidence implicating PAFs in CAD, vascular pathology, and neurodegenerative processes is also presented. We also propose future directions for the investigation of PAFs as mediators of persistent depression. In summary, PAFs are implicated in leading mechanisms associated with depression in CAD. PAFs may therefore be associated with the persistence of depression in CAD and related to neurodegenerative and cognitive sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Mazereeuw
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CIHR Training Program in Neurodegenerative Lipidomics, Canada
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Phospholipases of mineralization competent cells and matrix vesicles: roles in physiological and pathological mineralizations. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5036-129. [PMID: 23455471 PMCID: PMC3634480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to systematically and critically analyze the current knowledge on phospholipases and their role in physiological and pathological mineralization undertaken by mineralization competent cells. Cellular lipid metabolism plays an important role in biological mineralization. The physiological mechanisms of mineralization are likely to take place in tissues other than in bones and teeth under specific pathological conditions. For instance, vascular calcification in arteries of patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis recapitulates the mechanisms of bone formation. Osteoporosis—a bone resorbing disease—and rheumatoid arthritis originating from the inflammation in the synovium are also affected by cellular lipid metabolism. The focus is on the lipid metabolism due to the effects of dietary lipids on bone health. These and other phenomena indicate that phospholipases may participate in bone remodelling as evidenced by their expression in smooth muscle cells, in bone forming osteoblasts, chondrocytes and in bone resorbing osteoclasts. Among various enzymes involved, phospholipases A1 or A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, autotaxin and sphingomyelinase are engaged in membrane lipid remodelling during early stages of mineralization and cell maturation in mineralization-competent cells. Numerous experimental evidences suggested that phospholipases exert their action at various stages of mineralization by affecting intracellular signaling and cell differentiation. The lipid metabolites—such as arachidonic acid, lysophospholipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in cell signaling and inflammation reactions. Phospholipases are also important members of the cellular machinery engaged in matrix vesicle (MV) biogenesis and exocytosis. They may favour mineral formation inside MVs, may catalyse MV membrane breakdown necessary for the release of mineral deposits into extracellular matrix (ECM), or participate in hydrolysis of ECM. The biological functions of phospholipases are discussed from the perspective of animal and cellular knockout models, as well as disease implications, development of potent inhibitors and therapeutic interventions.
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Loss of PAFAH1B2 reduces amyloid-β generation by promoting the degradation of amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragments. J Neurosci 2013; 32:18204-14. [PMID: 23238734 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2681-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In view of the side effects associated with inhibiting the secretases that produce Aβ, new molecular targets are required to provide alternative therapeutic options. We used RNA interference (RNAi) to systematically screen the Drosophila genome to identify genes that modulate Aβ production upon knockdown. RNAi of 41 genes in Drosophila cells significantly lowered Aβ without affecting general secretion or viability. After the γ-secretase complex components, the most potent effect was observed for platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase α (Paf-AHα), and, in mammalian cells, the effect was replicated for its ortholog PAFAH1B2. Knockdown of PAFAH1B2 strongly reduced Aβ secretion from human cells, and this effect was confirmed in primary cells derived from PAFAH1B2 knock-out mice. Reduced Aβ production was not attributable to altered β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) ectodomain shedding but was a result of an enhanced degradation of APP C-terminal fragments (CTFs) in the absence of PAFAH1B2 but not its close homolog PAFAH1B3. Enhanced degradation of APP CTFs was selective because no such effects were obtained for Notch or E-/N-cadherin. Thus, we have identified an important protein that can selectively modify Aβ generation via a novel mechanism, namely enhanced degradation of its immediate precursor. In view of the absence of a neurological phenotype in PAFAH1B2 knock-out mice, targeted downregulation of PAFAH1B2 may be a promising new strategy for lowering Aβ.
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Liu J, Li W, Chen R, McIntyre TM. Circulating biologically active oxidized phospholipids show on-going and increased oxidative stress in older male mice. Redox Biol 2013; 1:110-4. [PMID: 25499575 PMCID: PMC4802831 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biologically active phospholipids Platelet-activating Factor (PAF) and oxidatively truncated phospholipids from chemical oxidation are increased in the circulation of rats subject to the oxidant stress of chronic ethanol ingestion. Potentially, circulating inflammatory and apoptotic phospholipids correlate to physiologic oxidative stress. Results PAF and the common oxidatively truncated and biologically active phospholipid azelaoyl phosphatidylcholine (Az-PC) were significantly increased in the plasma of older mice, and in male mice. PAF and Az-PC are very rapidly cleared from the circulation, which was unaffected by age or sex. Platelets exposed to Az-PC display phosphatidylserine on their surface, and occlusive platelet carotid arterial thrombosis is enhanced by aging. Conclusion Biologically active phospholipids vary in the circulation, with the highest levels being found in older, male mice. Turnover of PAF and the biologically active Az-PC are rapid and are invariant with age and sex, so increased production accounts for the increased concentration and flux of both lipids. Platelets are exposed to plasma Az-PC that depolarizes their mitochondria to increase pro-thrombotic phosphatidylserine expression, and occlusive platelet thrombosis is enhanced in aged mice. Significance Oxidatively modified phospholipids are increased in the circulation during common, mild oxidant stresses of aging, or in male compared to female animals. Turnover of these biologically active phospholipids by rapid transport into liver and kidney is unchanged, so circulating levels reflect continuously increased production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Kuhle K, Flieger A. Legionella phospholipases implicated in virulence. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2013; 376:175-209. [PMID: 23925490 DOI: 10.1007/82_2013_348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases are diverse enzymes produced in eukaryotic hosts and their bacterial pathogens. Several pathogen phospholipases have been identified as major virulence factors acting mainly in two different modes: on the one hand, they have the capability to destroy host membranes and on the other hand they are able to manipulate host signaling pathways. Reaction products of bacterial phospholipases may act as secondary messengers within the host and therefore influence inflammatory cascades and cellular processes, such as proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal changes as well as membrane traffic. The lung pathogen and intracellularly replicating bacterium Legionella pneumophila expresses a variety of phospholipases potentially involved in disease-promoting processes. So far, genes encoding 15 phospholipases A, three phospholipases C, and one phospholipase D have been identified. These cell-associated or secreted phospholipases may contribute to intracellular establishment, to egress of the pathogen from the host cell, and to the observed lung pathology. Due to the importance of phospholipase activities for host cell processes, it is conceivable that the pathogen enzymes may mimic or substitute host cell phospholipases to drive processes for the pathogen's benefit. The following chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the L. pneumophila phospholipases, especially their substrate specificity, localization, mode of secretion, and impact on host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kuhle
- FG 11 - Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch-Institut, Burgstr. 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
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Pawlowic MC, Zhang K. Leishmania parasites possess a platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase important for virulence. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2012; 186:11-20. [PMID: 22954769 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are intracellular protozoans capable of salvaging and remodeling lipids from the host. To understand the role of lipid metabolism in Leishmania virulence, it is necessary to characterize the enzymes involved in the uptake and turnover of phospholipids. This study focuses on a putative phospholipase A2 (PLA2)/platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) in Leishmania major. In mammals, PAF-AH is a subgroup of PLA2 catalyzing the hydrolysis/inactivation of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent mediator of many leukocyte functions. By immunofluorescence microscopy, L. major PLA2/PAF-AH is predominantly localized in the ER. While wild type L. major parasites are able to hydrolyze PAF, this activity is completely absent in the PLA2/PAF-AH-null mutants. Meanwhile, deletion of PLA2/PAF-AH had no significant effect on the turnover of common glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol. PLA2/PAF-AH is not required for the growth of L. major parasites in culture, or the production of GPI-anchored virulence factors. Nonetheless, it does play a key role in the mammalian host as the PLA2/PAF-AH null mutants exhibit attenuated virulence in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that Leishmania parasites possess a functional PAF-AH and the degradation of PAF or PAF-like lipids is an important step in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattie C Pawlowic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Abstract
Although an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype has been well recognized as an important predictor of cardiovascular disease, recent studies have demonstrated a number of additional lipid-related markers as emerging biomarkers to identify patients at risk for future coronary heart disease. Among them, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)), seems to be a promising candidate that might be added to the clinical armamentarium for improved prediction of cardiovascular disease in the future. Of particular note, Lp-PLA(2) is the only enzyme that cleaves oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the subendothelial space, with further generation of proinflammatory mediators such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and oxidized fatty acid (oxFA), thereby probably linking two important features of atherogenesis, namely oxidation of LDL and local inflammatory processes within the atherosclerotic plaque. This overview aims to summarize our current knowledge based on observations from recent experimental and clinical studies. Emphasis has been put on potential pathophysiological mechanisms of action and on the clinical relevance of Lp-PLA(2) in a wide variety of clinical settings, including apparently healthy individuals, patients with stable angina or acute coronary syndromes, after myocardial infarction, and with subclinical disease. Although a growing body of evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies suggests that Lp-PLA(2) may represent an independent and clinically relevant long-term risk marker for coronary heart disease and, probably, also for stroke, the role of this enzyme in the setting of the acute coronary syndrome remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Khuseyinova
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Regulation of the Golgi complex by phospholipid remodeling enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1078-88. [PMID: 22562055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian Golgi complex is a highly dynamic organelle consisting of stacks of flattened cisternae with associated coated vesicles and membrane tubules that contribute to cargo import and export, intra-cisternal trafficking, and overall Golgi architecture. At the morphological level, all of these structures are continuously remodeled to carry out these trafficking functions. Recent advances have shown that continual phospholipid remodeling by phospholipase A (PLA) and lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPAT) enzymes, which deacylate and reacylate Golgi phospholipids, respectively, contributes to this morphological remodeling. Here we review the identification and characterization of four cytoplasmic PLA enzymes and one integral membrane LPAT that participate in the dynamic functional organization of the Golgi complex, and how some of these enzymes are integrated to determine the relative abundance of COPI vesicle and membrane tubule formation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipids and Vesicular Transport.
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Sato A, Kumagai T, Aoki J, Ebina K. Synthetic biotinylated peptide compounds derived from Asp-hemolysin: novel potent inhibitors of platelet-activating factor. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:205-12. [PMID: 22542654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF: 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), a potent inflammatory mediator, is implicated in many inflammatory diseases and may possibly serve as a direct target for anti-inflammatory drugs. We have previously reported that Asp-hemolysin-related synthetic peptides (P4-P29) inhibit the bioactivities of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) containing PAF-like lipids by direct binding to ox-LDL, which plays a key role in the atherosclerotic inflammatory process. In this study, we investigated whether these peptides inhibit the bioactivities of PAF by binding to PAF and its metabolite/precursor lyso-PAF. In in vitro experiments, P21, one of the peptides, bound to both PAF and lyso-PAF in a dose-dependent manner and markedly inhibited PAF-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Moreover, in in vivo experiments, P4 and P21, particularly their N-terminally biotinylated peptide compounds (BP4 and BP21), inhibited PAF-induced rat paw oedema dose dependently and markedly, and showed sufficient inhibition of the oedema even at doses 150-300 times less than the doses of PAF antagonists. These results provide evidence that direct binding of N-terminally biotinylated peptide compounds derived from Asp-hemolysin to PAF and lyso-PAF leads to a dramatic inhibition of the bioactivities of PAF, both in vitro and in vivo, and strongly suggesting that these compounds may be useful as a novel type of anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases caused by PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8551 Japan.
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Bechler ME, de Figueiredo P, Brown WJ. A PLA1-2 punch regulates the Golgi complex. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 22:116-24. [PMID: 22130221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian Golgi complex, trans Golgi network (TGN) and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) are comprised of membrane cisternae, coated vesicles and membrane tubules, all of which contribute to membrane trafficking and maintenance of their unique architectures. Recently, a new cast of players was discovered to regulate the Golgi and ERGIC: four unrelated cytoplasmic phospholipase A (PLA) enzymes, cPLA(2)α (GIVA cPLA(2)), PAFAH Ib (GVIII PLA(2)), iPLA(2)-β (GVIA-2 iPLA(2)) and iPLA(1)γ. These ubiquitously expressed enzymes regulate membrane trafficking from specific Golgi subcompartments, although there is evidence for some functional redundancy between PAFAH Ib and cPLA(2)α. Three of these enzymes, PAFAH Ib, cPLA(2)α and iPLA(2)-β, exert effects on Golgi structure and function by inducing the formation of membrane tubules. We review our current understanding of how PLA enzymes regulate Golgi and ERGIC morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Bechler
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Dennis EA, Cao J, Hsu YH, Magrioti V, Kokotos G. Phospholipase A2 enzymes: physical structure, biological function, disease implication, chemical inhibition, and therapeutic intervention. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6130-85. [PMID: 21910409 PMCID: PMC3196595 DOI: 10.1021/cr200085w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601
| | - Yuan-Hao Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601
| | - Victoria Magrioti
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - George Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
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Zhou G, Marathe GK, Willard B, McIntyre TM. Intracellular erythrocyte platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase I inactivates aspirin in blood. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34820-9. [PMID: 21844189 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.267161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) prophylaxis suppresses major adverse cardiovascular events, but its rapid turnover limits inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase activity and thrombosis. Despite its importance, the identity of the enzyme(s) that hydrolyzes the acetyl residue of circulating aspirin, which must be an existing enzyme, remains unknown. We find that circulating aspirin was extensively hydrolyzed within erythrocytes, and chromatography indicated these cells contained a single hydrolytic activity. Purification by over 1400-fold and sequencing identified the PAFAH1B2 and PAFAH1B3 subunits of type I platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase, a phospholipase A(2) with selectivity for acetyl residues of PAF, as a candidate for aspirin acetylhydrolase. Western blotting showed that catalytic PAFAH1B2 and PAFAH1B3 subunits of the type I enzyme co-migrated with purified erythrocyte aspirin hydrolytic activity. Recombinant PAFAH1B2, but not its family member plasma PAF acetylhydrolase, hydrolyzed aspirin, and PAF competitively inhibited aspirin hydrolysis by purified or recombinant erythrocyte enzymes. Aspirin was hydrolyzed by HEK cells transfected with PAFAH1B2 or PAFAH1B3, and the competitive type I PAF acetylhydrolase inhibitor NaF reduced erythrocyte hydrolysis of aspirin. Exposing aspirin to erythrocytes blocked its ability to inhibit thromboxane A(2) synthesis and platelet aggregation. Not all individuals or populations are equally protected by aspirin prophylaxis, the phenomenon of aspirin resistance, and erythrocyte hydrolysis of aspirin varied 3-fold among individuals, which correlated with PAFAH1B2 and not PAFAH1B3. We conclude that intracellular type I PAF acetylhydrolase is the major aspirin hydrolase of human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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44
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van Haagen HHHBM, 't Hoen PAC, de Morrée A, van Roon-Mom WMC, Peters DJM, Roos M, Mons B, van Ommen GJ, Schuemie MJ. In silico discovery and experimental validation of new protein-protein interactions. Proteomics 2011; 11:843-53. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Fragel-Madeira L, Meletti T, Mariante RM, Monteiro RQ, Einicker-Lamas M, Bernardo RR, Lopes AH, Linden R. Platelet activating factor blocks interkinetic nuclear migration in retinal progenitors through an arrest of the cell cycle at the S/G2 transition. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16058. [PMID: 21298035 PMCID: PMC3029264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear migration is regulated by the LIS1 protein, which is the regulatory subunit of platelet activating factor (PAF) acetyl-hydrolase, an enzyme complex that inactivates the lipid mediator PAF. Among other functions, PAF modulates cell proliferation, but its effects upon mechanisms of the cell cycle are unknown. Here we show that PAF inhibited interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM) in retinal proliferating progenitors. The lipid did not, however, affect the velocity of nuclear migration in cells that escaped IKNM blockade. The effect depended on the PAF receptor, Erk and p38 pathways and Chk1. PAF induced no cell death, nor a reduction in nucleotide incorporation, which rules out an intra-S checkpoint. Notwithstanding, the expected increase in cyclin B1 content during G2-phase was prevented in the proliferating cells. We conclude that PAF blocks interkinetic nuclear migration in retinal progenitor cells through an unusual arrest of the cell cycle at the transition from S to G2 phases. These data suggest the operation, in the developing retina, of a checkpoint that monitors the transition from S to G2 phases of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Meletti
- Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. Mariante
- Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Q. Monteiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Robson R. Bernardo
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela H. Lopes
- Institute of Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Bechler ME, Doody AM, Racoosin E, Lin L, Lee KH, Brown WJ. The phospholipase complex PAFAH Ib regulates the functional organization of the Golgi complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 190:45-53. [PMID: 20624900 PMCID: PMC2911670 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200908105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report that platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAFAH) Ib, comprised of two phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) subunits, alpha1 and alpha2, and a third subunit, the dynein regulator lissencephaly 1 (LIS1), mediates the structure and function of the Golgi complex. Both alpha1 and alpha2 partially localize on Golgi membranes, and purified catalytically active, but not inactive alpha1 and alpha2 induce Golgi membrane tubule formation in a reconstitution system. Overexpression of wild-type or mutant alpha1 or alpha2 revealed that both PLA(2) activity and LIS1 are important for maintaining Golgi structure. Knockdown of PAFAH Ib subunits fragments the Golgi complex, inhibits tubule-mediated reassembly of intact Golgi ribbons, and slows secretion of cargo. Our results demonstrate a cooperative interplay between the PLA(2) activity of alpha1 and alpha2 with LIS1 to facilitate the functional organization of the Golgi complex, thereby suggesting a model that links phospholipid remodeling and membrane tubulation to dynein-dependent transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Bechler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Host L, Anglard P, Romieu P, Thibault C, Dembele D, Aunis D, Zwiller J. Inhibition of histone deacetylases in rats self-administering cocaine regulates lissencephaly gene-1 and reelin gene expression, as revealed by microarray technique. J Neurochem 2010; 113:236-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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48
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Meliton AY, Muñoz NM, Meliton LN, Binder DC, Osan CM, Zhu X, Dudek SM, Leff AR. Cytosolic group IVa phospholipase A2 mediates IL-8/CXCL8-induced transmigration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:14. [PMID: 20298597 PMCID: PMC2848033 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Cytosolic gIVaPLA2 is a critical enzyme in the generation of arachidonate metabolites and in induction of β2-integrin adhesion in granulocytes. We hypothesized that gIVaPLA2 activation also is an essential downstream step for post adhesive migration of PMN in vitro. Methods Migration of PMNs caused by IL-8/CXCL8 was assessed using a transwell migration chamber. PMNs were pretreated with two structurally unrelated inhibitors of gIVaPLA2, arachidonyl trifluoromethylketone (TFMK) or pyrrophenone, prior to IL-8/CXCL8 exposure. The fraction of migrated PMNs present in the lower chamber was measured as total myeloperoxidase content. GIVaPLA2 enzyme activity was analyzed using [14C-PAPC] as specific substrate F-actin polymerization and cell structure were examined after rhodamine-phalloidin staining. Results IL-8/CXCL8-induced migration of PMNs was elicited in concentration- and time-dependent manner. Time-related phosphorylation and translocation of cytosolic gIVaPLA2 to the nucleus was observed for PMNs stimulated with IL-8/CXCL8 in concentration sufficient to cause upstream phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK-1/2 and p38) and Akt/PKB. Inhibition of gIVaPLA2 corresponded to the magnitude of blockade of PMN migration. Neither AA nor LTB4 secretion was elicited following IL-8/CXCL8 activation. In unstimulated PMNs, F-actin was located diffusely in the cytosol; however, a clear polarized morphology with F-actin-rich ruffles around the edges of the cell was observed after activation with IL-8/CXCL8. Inhibition of gIVaPLA2 blocked change in cell shape and migration caused by IL-8/CXCL8 but did not cause F-actin polymerization or translocation of cytosolic F-actin to inner leaflet of the PMN membrane. Conclusion We demonstrate that IL-8/CXCL8 causes a) phosphorylation and translocation of cytosolic gIVaPLA2 to the nucleus, b) change in cell shape, c) polymerization of F-actin, and d) chemoattractant/migration of PMN in vitro. Inhibition of gIVaPLA2 blocks the deformability and subsequent migration of PMNs caused by IL-8/CXCL8. Our data suggest that activation of gIVaPLA2 is an essential step in PMN migration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Y Meliton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 6026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Yost CC, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. The platelet activating factor (PAF) signaling cascade in systemic inflammatory responses. Biochimie 2010; 92:692-7. [PMID: 20167241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The platelet-activating factor (PAF) signaling cascade evolved as a component of the repertoire of innate host defenses, but is also an effector pathway in inflammatory and thrombotic diseases. This review focuses on the PAF signaling cascade in systemic inflammatory responses and, specifically, explores its activities in experimental and clinical sepsis and anaphylaxis in the context of the basic biochemistry and biology of signaling via this lipid mediator system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Yost
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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50
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PAF-acetylhydrolase expressed during megakaryocyte differentiation inactivates PAF-like lipids. Blood 2009; 113:6699-706. [PMID: 19395675 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-11-186312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activating factor (PAF) and PAF-like lipids induce inflammatory responses in target cells. These lipid mediators are inactivated by PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). The PAF signaling system affects the growth of hematopoietic CD34(+) cells, but roles for PAF-AH in this process are unknown. Here, we investigated PAF-AH function during megakaryopoiesis and found that human CD34(+) cells accumulate this enzymatic activity as they differentiate toward megakaryocytes, consistent with the expression of mRNA and protein for the plasma PAF-AH isoform. Inhibition of endogenous PAF-AH activity in differentiated megakaryocytes increased formation of lipid mediators that signaled the PAF receptor (PAFR) in fully differentiated human cells such as neutrophils, as well as megakaryocytes themselves. PAF-AH also controlled megakaryocyte alpha(IIb)beta(3)-dependent adhesion, cell spreading, and mobility that relied on signaling through the PAFR. Together these data suggest that megakaryocytes generate PAF-AH to modulate the accumulation of intracellular phospholipid mediators that may detrimentally affect megakaryocyte development and function.
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