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N Kyriakos C, Filippidis FT, East KA, Reid JL, Driezen P, Hammond D. Use of Menthol Cigarettes and Accessories Among Youth Who Smoked After the Menthol Cigarette Ban in England and Canada, 2021: Implications for Health Equity. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:S133-S142. [PMID: 38817031 PMCID: PMC11140215 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined menthol cigarette use among youth who smoked, after menthol cigarette bans were implemented in England (May 2020) and Canada (October 2017). AIMS AND METHODS Cross-sectional data come from 2021 ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey respondents aged 16-19 who smoked in the past 30 d in England (N = 715) and Canada (N = 419). Adjusted logistic regression models, estimated separately for each country, examined sociodemographic correlates of usually smoking menthol cigarettes (reporting currently most often smoking menthol cigarettes) overall, and by past 30-d use of any menthol accessories (e.g., filters, capsules). Youth reported the cigarette variety they smoked most often, coded as menthol or nonmenthol. RESULTS Almost no youth who smoked in the past 30 d reported most often smoking a cigarette variety coded as menthol. However, 34.5% (95% CI: 30.4% to 38.9%) of youth who smoke in England and 30.9% (26.0%-36.3%) in Canada reported usually smoking menthol cigarettes, with greater odds of use among those identifying as black, or other race/ethnicity, respectively, compared to white in England (60.0%, aOR = 3.08, p = .001; 47.4%, aOR = 2.27, p = .011) and Canada (43.6%, aOR = 2.44, p = .046; 51.2%, aOR = 2.92, p = .001). Among those who reported usually smoking menthol cigarettes in England (N = 223) and Canada (N = 108), 71.7% (64.0%-78.2%) and 51.5% (41.1%-61.7%) reported using menthol accessories. CONCLUSIONS After menthol cigarette bans in England and Canada, approximately one-third of youth who smoked reported usually smoking menthol cigarettes, with disproportionately higher use among those identifying as black and other race/ethnicity. Menthol accessories accounted for most menthol cigarette use. Closing regulatory loopholes is critical to advancing public health equity. IMPLICATIONS Use of menthol cigarette accessories (eg, filters, cards, capsules) among youth who smoked was prevalent after implementation of menthol cigarette bans in England and Canada, and there was disproportionately higher use among those who identified as black and any other race/ethnicity. Efforts are therefore required to close regulatory loopholes of menthol cigarette bans. Findings further support countries, such as the United States, proposing menthol cigarette bans which extend coverage to accessories. More comprehensive menthol bans that also restrict accessories are likely to be more effective in reducing flavored tobacco use among young people and in advancing health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Kyriakos
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filippos T Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A East
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica L Reid
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pete Driezen
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Schick MR, Williams JN, Kirk-Provencher KT, Cyders MA, Spillane NS. Application of the acquired preparedness model for alcohol and cigarette use among reserve-dwelling first nation adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2022; 36:955-964. [PMID: 34928639 PMCID: PMC9207148 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE North American Indigenous youth experience disproportionate harm associated with alcohol and cigarette use compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The Acquired Preparedness Model (APM), developed and tested in primarily White samples, hypothesizes that urgency contributes to risk for substance use by influencing the degree to which adolescents attend to positive aspects of substance use, leading to the development of more positive expectations about the consequences of substance use, and increasing subsequent substance use. The purpose of the present study was to provide an initial test of whether the APM generalizes to understanding alcohol and cigarette use among high-risk First Nation adolescents. METHOD First Nation adolescents (n = 106, Mage = 14.6, 50.0% female) recruited from reserve communities in Eastern Canada completed self-report measures as part of a larger community-based participatory research project. Procedures were approved by tribal chief, council, and university IRB. RESULTS The hypothesized model demonstrated excellent fit for alcohol use, χ²(1) = 1.07, p = .30, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = .03, SRMR = .02, and adequate fit for cigarette use, χ²(1) = 2.58, p = .11, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.12, SRMR = 0.03. The indirect effects of urgency on alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking through alcohol and cigarette expectancies were each significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study provide initial support for the generalizability of the APM in understanding risk for alcohol and cigarette use among reserve-dwelling First Nation youth. The next important step is to replicate this finding in a prospective sample. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Schick
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Jessica N. Williams
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881
| | | | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Nichea S. Spillane
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881
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Mirzaei O, Natcher DC. Recreational tobacco consumption and food insecurity among First Nations in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2022; 113:703-712. [PMID: 35676556 PMCID: PMC9481820 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crowding-out effects of tobacco consumption refers to the situation in which tobacco consumption reduces a household's spending on other commodities. In this paper, we test for the crowding-out effects of recreational tobacco consumption on food expenditures among on-reserve Indigenous communities in Canada. METHODS We use data from household expenditure surveys (N=469) to investigate tobacco consumption behaviour of on-reserve households of six First Nation communities in Canada. Using conditional Engel curves, we estimate the crowding-out effects of spending on tobacco on budget share of other expenditure categories with a focus on food expenditures. RESULTS Our analysis showed that crowding-out effects of consuming tobacco on consumption of goods and services are minimal with an estimated impact of -0.00004 on the budget share of food expenditures in the remaining budget excess of expenditures on tobacco. While crowding-out effects are not statistically significant in general, the budget share of store-bought food expenditures is significantly lower (i.e. 5%) among tobacco consumer households. CONCLUSION This study sheds new light on some of the indirect impacts of recreational tobacco use and Indigenous food insecurity in Canada. This study is the first attempt to test for crowding-out effects of tobacco consumption among Indigenous populations in Canada. Our findings are important and highlight areas for substantial improvements in health and well-being outcomes given the alarming rates of food insecurity experienced by Indigenous communities in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mirzaei
- Department of Economics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - David C Natcher
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Acharibasam JB, Chapados M, Langan J, Starblanket D, Hagel M. Exploring health and wellness with First Nations communities at the "knowing your health symposium". Healthc Manage Forum 2022; 35:265-271. [PMID: 35612601 PMCID: PMC9425725 DOI: 10.1177/08404704221084042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous older adults living in rural communities require accessibility to and readiness for new technologies to support the monitoring of health data and health status, as well as dementia education. Morning Star Lodge partnered with the File Hills Qu'Appelle Tribal Council, a Community Research Advisory Committee and All Nations Hope Network to bring a diverse group of First Nations community members to the “Knowing Your Health Symposium” to learn about traditional health and First Nations’ wellness. Indigenous research methods and community-based involvement informed and guided the research. An environmental scan was conducted relating to co-researchers’ nutrition, exercise, and self-management of health and health issues through an anonymous survey distributed at the symposium. The purpose of the symposium was to provide communities with information about healthy lifestyles as it relates to dementia and equip community members with the ability to make constructive decisions regarding their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan Chapados
- 12371University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jennifer Langan
- 12371University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Mikayla Hagel
- 12371University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Okpalauwaekwe U, Nwoke CN, Messier J. Youth Demographic Characteristics and Risk Perception of Using Alternative Tobacco Products: An Analysis of the 2014-2015 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs Survey (CSTADS). Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X211058150. [PMID: 34866954 PMCID: PMC8637779 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x211058150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing attraction by youth to alternative tobacco products (ATPs) such as e-cigarettes and hookahs. This study investigated risk perceptions and demographic characteristics associated with ATP use in grade 8-10 students. Methods Data were drawn from the 2014/15 cycle of the CSTADS. The analytic sample included 1819 students from a total pool of 42 094 students who completed the survey. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors (demographic characteristics and risk perception) associated with ATP use in the past 30 days. Results 12% of students in grade 8-10 self-identified as having used ATPs in the past 30-days, with a majority of students in grade 10 (56%). Male students had higher odds of reporting ATP use when compared to females. Although a lesser proportion of Indigenous students reported ATP use in comparison to White students (31% vs 61%), Indigenous students were 2.42 (1.49, 3.93) times as likely to use ATPs as White students. Students who perceived smoking hookah once in a while as "no to slight risk" were 1.58 (1.09, 2.28) times more likely to report ATP use than students who perceived "moderate to great risk." Also, students who perceived using e-cigarettes on a regular basis as "no to slight risk" were 2.21 (1.53, 3.21) times more likely to report ATP use as students who perceived "moderate-great risk." Conclusion A significant number of grade 8-10 students use ATPs, especially e-cigarettes, with the misconception of minimal health risks. There remains the need to do more to counteract the rise in social and epidemiological alternative tobacco use trends among the youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoka Okpalauwaekwe
- Department of Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Jacinthe Messier
- Independent Researcher in Indigenous Studies, Project Coordinator, Siksika First Nation Project, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Fowler-Woods A, Smolik I, Anaparti V, O’Neil L, El-Gabalawy H. Can Studying Genetically Predisposed Individuals Inform Prevention Strategies for RA? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1301. [PMID: 34682981 PMCID: PMC8544392 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder in which complex genetic predisposition interacts with multiple environmental factors to precipitate chronic and progressive immune-mediated joint inflammation. Currently, in most affected individuals, ongoing suppression of the inflammation is required to prevent irreversible damage and functional loss. The delineation of a protracted preclinical period in which autoimmunity is initially established and then evolves to become pathogenic provides unprecedented opportunities for interventions that have the potential to prevent the onset of this lifelong disease. Clinical trials aimed at assessing the impact of specific prevention strategies require the identification of individuals who are at high risk of future RA development. Currently, these risk factors include a strong family history of RA, and the detection of circulating RA-associated autoantibodies, particularly anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Yet, even in such individuals, there remains considerable uncertainty about the likelihood and the timeframe for future disease development. Thus, individuals who are approached to participate in such clinical trials are left weighing the risks and benefits of the prevention measures, while having large gaps in our current understanding. To address this challenge, we have undertaken longitudinal studies of the family members of Indigenous North American RA patients, this population being known to have a high prevalence of RA, early age of onset, and familial clustering of cases. Our studies have indicated that the concepts of "risk" and "prevention" need to be communicated in a culturally relevant manner, and proposed prevention interventions need to have an appropriate balance of effectiveness, safety, convenience, and cultural acceptability. We have focused our proposed prevention studies on immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory nutritional supplements that appear to strike such a complex balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fowler-Woods
- Ongomiizwin Indigenous Institute of Health and Healing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3W 0W3, Canada;
| | - Irene Smolik
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1M4, Canada;
| | - Vidyanand Anaparti
- Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; (V.A.); (L.O.)
| | - Liam O’Neil
- Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; (V.A.); (L.O.)
| | - Hani El-Gabalawy
- Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; (V.A.); (L.O.)
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Habash M, Sheppard AJ, Steiner R. An evaluation of Indigenous Tobacco Program smoking prevention workshops with First Nations youth in Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2021; 112:697-705. [PMID: 33830477 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SETTING The Indigenous Tobacco Program (ITP) operated by the Indigenous Cancer Care Unit at Cancer Care Ontario provides customized tobacco prevention workshops to First Nations youth across Ontario, in partnership with First Nations communities and partner organizations. INTERVENTION First Nations youth in Canada are more likely than non-Indigenous youth to be smokers. The ITP aims to address the negative health impacts of commercial tobacco, using culturally relevant approaches, tools and resources while remaining respectful to the significance of sacred tobacco. This paper aims to determine whether a culturally tailored tobacco prevention workshop increases tobacco-related knowledge among First Nations youth in Ontario. OUTCOMES The workshops exhibited promise in impacting First Nations youth knowledge on the harms of commercial tobacco, as after the workshop intervention, all indicators showed improved knowledge. Building strong and ongoing relationships with communities and partner organizations is vital to the success of the program. IMPLICATIONS Culturally tailored workshops grounded in traditional knowledge and values provide an opportunity to increase the knowledge of the harms of commercial tobacco among First Nations youth in Ontario. With commercial tobacco use and exposure having tremendous health consequences, such interventions are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Habash
- Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), 505 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X3, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda J Sheppard
- Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), 505 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X3, ON, Canada.
| | - Richard Steiner
- Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), 505 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X3, ON, Canada
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Abu-Baker NN, Al-Jarrah AA, Obeidat RF. Smoking cessation counselling practices among health care providers dealing with cancer patients. J Eval Clin Pract 2021; 27:167-174. [PMID: 32378277 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To asses smoking cessation counselling practices (SCC) among health care providers dealing with cancer patients. METHOD A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 300 providers from three hospitals in Jordan. A self-report questionnaire was distributed. RESULTS During the initial visit, the most frequent practices were asking patients if they smoke and advise smokers to quit (50%, 45% respectively). Only 13% of providers reported treating or referring patients for smoking use cessation intervention. During the follow-up visits, the most frequent practice was reinforcing the stopping of tobacco use 39%. Overall, physicians had the highest scores of adherence to applying SCC practices. Besides, over 85% of participants believe that tobacco cessation should be a standard part of cancer interventions and clinicians need more training. Over 80% agreed that barriers of implementing SCC practices include lack of training and resources. Finally, receiving SCC training, more years since completion of the most senior degree, and more time spent with cancer patients predicted a higher score of total SCC practices (P < .05). CONCLUSION It is essential to provide training, referral facilities, and supportive policies to encourage SCC practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin N Abu-Baker
- School of Nursing, Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Al-Jarrah
- School of Nursing, Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Maina G, Phaneuf T, Kennedy M, Mclean M, Gakumo A, Nguemo J, King A, Mcharo SK. School-based interventions for preventing substance use in indigenous children ages 7-13: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034032. [PMID: 32051315 PMCID: PMC7045254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Throughout the world, indigenous peoples share traumatic colonial experiences that have caused gross inequalities for them and continue to impact every aspect of their lives. The effect of intergenerational trauma and other health disparities have been remarkable for Indigenous children and adolescents, who are at a greater risk of adverse mental health and addiction outcomes compared with non-indigenous people of the same age. Most indigenous children are exposed to addictive substances at an early age, which often leads to early initiation of substance use and is associated with subsequent physical and mental health issues, poor social and relational functioning, and occupational and legal problems. The aim of this paper is to report the protocol for the scoping review of school-based interventions for substance use prevention in Indigenous children ages 7-13 living in Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. This scoping review seeks to answer the following questions: (1) What is known about indigenous school-based interventions for preventing substance use and (2) What are the characteristics and outcomes of school-based interventions for preventing substance use? METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will use steps described by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac: (1) identifying the research question(s); (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting the studies; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results and (6) consulting with experts. Our findings will be reported according to the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics review approval is not required for this project. Findings from this study will be presented to lay public, at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Maina
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Taryn Phaneuf
- University of Saskatchewan College of Nursing, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Megan Kennedy
- Library, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maeve Mclean
- Public Health, University of Saskatchewan College of Graduate Studies and Research, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ann Gakumo
- Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Nguemo
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra King
- Medicine, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Solomon Kasha Mcharo
- Nursing, University of Saskatchewan College of Nursing, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Kanmodi KK, Nnebedum N, Bello M, Adesina M, Fagbule OF, Adesoye O. Head and neck cancer awareness: a survey of young people in international communities. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0231/ijamh-2018-0231.xml. [PMID: 31778362 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer (HNC) is killing young people yearly. The knowledge of HNC risk factors and its symptoms among this population group may go a long way in HNC prevention among them. This study aims to: determine the level of awareness of HNC; determine the prevalence of HNC risk factors; and explore the knowledge of HNC risk factors, HNC symptoms, as well as family history of HNC among youth in the international communities (with focus on the Canadian and Nigerian youth). METHODS A sample of 801 youth were surveyed using an e-questionnaire. The questionnaire obtained information from each participant about their: socio-demographic information; knowledge of HNC, its risk factors, and its manifestations; and family history of HNC. Data obtained from the participants were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis Software (SAS Version 9.4 for Windows). RESULTS The majority (73%) of the surveyed youth (n=801) were residing in Nigeria, seven-tenths of them were between the age 18 and 24 years, and 53% were females. Less than 10% had a history of smoking, 7% were active smokers, and 24% had history of oral sex (of which 57% (108/109) of them had a lifetime history of more than one oral sexual partner). Around half (51%) of the participants had never heard of HNC before. Only 4% knew of a family member who had suffered/is suffering from HNC. Half of the participants were not sure whether HNC can manifest without initial complaint, pain, or symptoms. Only 9% of the participants erroneously believed that HNC is a contagious disease. Comparative analyses among subgroups revealed that a higher proportion of those participants who were: from Canada; young adults; and males generally knew about HNC when compared with the proportions recorded among those in the adolescents; females, and Nigerian participants' categories. Lastly, 76% of the participants showed interest in knowing more about HNC. CONCLUSION The majority of the surveyed youth demonstrated poor knowledge of HNC. Also, a significant proportion of them are at risk of developing HNC disease in future, if they keep indulging in HNC risky behaviors. There exists the need to conduct community health education programs on HNC among youth in these surveyed communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan, Nigeria.,Dental Clinic, Kebbi Medical Centre, Kalgo, Nigeria
| | - Nneamaka Nnebedum
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan, Nigeria.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mayowa Bello
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Miracle Adesina
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Physiotherapy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Omotayo Francis Fagbule
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumide Adesoye
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan, Nigeria
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Tzelepis F, Paul CL, Williams CM, Gilligan C, Regan T, Daly J, Hodder RK, Byrnes E, Byaruhanga J, McFadyen T, Wiggers J. Real-time video counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD012659. [PMID: 31684699 PMCID: PMC6818086 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012659.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering a video counselling approach both feasible and scalable for helping people to quit smoking. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of real-time video counselling delivered individually or to a group in increasing smoking cessation, quit attempts, intervention adherence, satisfaction and therapeutic alliance, and to provide an economic evaluation regarding real-time video counselling. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase to identify eligible studies on 13 August 2019. We searched the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify ongoing trials registered by 13 August 2019. We checked the reference lists of included articles and contacted smoking cessation researchers for any additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), randomised trials, cluster RCTs or cluster randomised trials of real-time video counselling for current tobacco smokers from any setting that measured smoking cessation at least six months following baseline. The real-time video counselling intervention could be compared with a no intervention control group or another smoking cessation intervention, or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted data from included trials, assessed the risk of bias and rated the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis for the primary outcome of smoking cessation, using the most stringent measure of smoking cessation measured at the longest follow-up. Analysis was based on the intention-to-treat principle. We considered participants with missing data at follow-up for the primary outcome of smoking cessation to be smokers. MAIN RESULTS We included two randomised trials with 615 participants. Both studies delivered real-time video counselling for smoking cessation individually, compared with telephone counselling. We judged one study at unclear risk of bias and one study at high risk of bias. There was no statistically significant treatment effect for smoking cessation (using the strictest definition and longest follow-up) across the two included studies when real-time video counselling was compared to telephone counselling (risk ratio (RR) 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 12.04; 2 studies, 608 participants; I2 = 66%). We judged the overall certainty of the evidence for smoking cessation as very low due to methodological limitations, imprecision in the effect estimate reflected by the wide 95% CIs and inconsistency of cessation rates. There were no significant differences between real-time video counselling and telephone counselling reported for number of quit attempts among people who continued to smoke (mean difference (MD) 0.50, 95% CI -0.60 to 1.60; 1 study, 499 participants), mean number of counselling sessions completed (MD -0.20, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.05; 1 study, 566 participants), completion of all sessions (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.79; 1 study, 43 participants) or therapeutic alliance (MD 1.13, 95% CI -0.24 to 2.50; 1 study, 398 participants). Participants in the video counselling arm were more likely than their telephone counselling counterparts to recommend the programme to a friend or family member (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11; 1 study, 398 participants); however, there were no between-group differences on satisfaction score (MD 0.70, 95% CI -1.16 to 2.56; 1 study, 29 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is very little evidence about the effectiveness of real-time video counselling for smoking cessation. The existing research does not suggest a difference between video counselling and telephone counselling for assisting people to quit smoking. However, given the very low GRADE rating due to methodological limitations in the design, imprecision of the effect estimate and inconsistency of cessation rates, the smoking cessation results should be interpreted cautiously. High-quality randomised trials comparing real-time video counselling to telephone counselling are needed to increase the confidence of the effect estimate. Furthermore, there is currently no evidence comparing real-time video counselling to a control group. Such research is needed to determine whether video counselling increases smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Tzelepis
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendAustralia
| | - Christine L Paul
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - Christopher M Williams
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendAustralia
| | - Conor Gilligan
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
| | - Tim Regan
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendAustralia
| | - Justine Daly
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendAustralia
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendAustralia
| | - Emma Byrnes
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendAustralia
| | - Judith Byaruhanga
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - Tameka McFadyen
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendAustralia
| | - John Wiggers
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendAustralia
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Sikorski C, Leatherdale S, Cooke M. Tobacco, alcohol and marijuana use among Indigenous youth attending off-reserve schools in Canada: cross-sectional results from the Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2019; 39:207-215. [PMID: 31210046 PMCID: PMC6699609 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.39.6/7.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ongoing surveillance of youth substance use is essential to quantify harms and to identify populations at higher risk. In the Canadian context, historical and structural injustices make monitoring excess risk among Indigenous youth particularly important. This study updated national prevalence rates of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. METHODS Differences in tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were examined, using logistic regression, among 1700 Indigenous and 22 800 non-Indigenous youth in Grades 9-12 who participated in the 2014/15 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey. Differences by sex were also examined. Mean age of first alcohol and marijuana use was compared in the two populations using OLS regression. Results were compared to 2008/09 data. RESULTS While smoking, alcohol, and marijuana rates have decreased compared to 2008/09 in both populations, the gap between the populations has mostly not. In 2014/15, Indigenous youth had higher odds of smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 5.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.54-7.81) and past-year drinking (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.16- 1.76) than non-Indigenous youth. More Indigenous than non-Indigenous youth attempted quitting smoking. Non-Indigenous males were less likely to have had at least one drink in the past-year compared to non-Indigenous females. Indigenous males and females had higher odds of past-year marijuana use than non-Indigenous males (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.32-2.56) and females (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 2.15-3.84). Indigenous youth, especially males, drank alcohol and used marijuana at younger ages. CONCLUSION Additional policies and programs are required to help Indigenous youth be successful in their attempts to quit smoking, and to address high rates of alcohol and marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sikorski
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Cooke
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Sociology and Legal Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Karunanayake CP, Amin K, Abonyi S, Dosman JA, Pahwa P. Prevalence and determinants of asthma among aboriginal adolescents in Canada. J Asthma 2019; 57:40-46. [PMID: 30628527 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1541354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of asthma in Aboriginal adolescents in Canada based on the Canadian Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) 2012. Few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in Aboriginal adolescents in Canada. Methods: Data from the cross-sectional APS 2012 were analyzed to accomplish the objective. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine significant risk factors of lifetime diagnosis of asthma among Aboriginal adolescents. The outcome of interest for adolescents was based on the question: "Do you have asthma that have been diagnosed by a health professional?" Individual, environmental, and contextual factors were tested for an association with lifetime diagnosis of asthma among adolescents. Results: The overall prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of asthma was 16.0%. The prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of asthma was 16.8% for adolescent boys and 15.3% for adolescent girls. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, the risk factors of lifetime diagnosis of asthma were: age, income, being overweight, smoking inside the home, having one to two children under 18 years in the household, history of bronchitis, living in an urban residence, education, and geographical location. Female sex was reported to have a protective effect on or reduce risk of the prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of asthma compared to the male sex. Conclusions: Lifetime diagnosis of asthma prevalence appears to be lower in Aboriginal adolescent girls than in adolescent boys. Lifetime diagnosis of asthma prevalence in these adolescents is associated with age, income, education, being overweight, smoking inside the home, history of bronchitis, and location of residence, both geographical region and urban residence. The prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of asthma among Aboriginal adolescent is higher compared to the general adolescent population in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandima P Karunanayake
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Khalid Amin
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sylvia Abonyi
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - James A Dosman
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Punam Pahwa
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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