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Xu Y, Yu D, Chen J, Duan M. A review of rice male sterility types and their sterility mechanisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18204. [PMID: 37519640 PMCID: PMC10372310 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Male sterility plays an important role in the utilization of heterosis in rice. The establishment of male sterile lines in rice is one of the key technologies in hybrid rice production systems. The currently widely used male sterile line breeding systems mainly include: three-line hybrid rice based on cytoplasmic male sterility, two-line hybrid rice based on environmental sensitive gene male sterility, and third-generation hybrid rice based on nuclear gene male sterility Seed production system. This study reviewed the types and mechanisms of male sterility in rice, and looked forward to the development direction of hybrid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Meijuan Duan
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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2
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Li W, Wang D, Hong X, Shi J, Hong J, Su S, Loaiciga CR, Li J, Liang W, Shi J, Zhang D. Identification and validation of new MADS-box homologous genes in 3010 rice pan-genome. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:975-988. [PMID: 37016094 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Identification and validation of ten new MADS-box homologous genes in 3010 rice pan-genome for rice breeding. The functional genome is significant for rice breeding. MADS-box genes encode transcription factors that are indispensable for rice growth and development. The reported 15,362 novel genes in the rice pan-genome (RPAN) of Asian cultivated rice accessions provided a useful gene reservoir for the identification of more MADS-box candidates to overcome the limitation for the usage of only 75 MADS-box genes identified in Nipponbare for rice breeding. Here, we report the identification and validation of ten MADS-box homologous genes in RPAN. Origin and identity analysis indicated that they are originated from different wild rice accessions and structure of motif analysis revealed high variations in their amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic results with 277 MADS-box genes in 41 species showed that all these ten MADS-box homologous genes belong to type I (SRF-like, M-type). Gene expression analysis confirmed the existence of these ten MADS-box genes in IRIS_313-10,394, all of them were expressed in flower tissues, and six of them were highly expressed during seed development. Altogether, we identified and validated experimentally, for the first time, ten novel MADS-box genes in RPAN, which provides new genetic sources for rice improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Duoxiang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaokun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Su Su
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Cristopher Reyes Loaiciga
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, 572024, China.
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, 572024, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, Adelaide, 5064, Australia
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Jing Y, Wenbo C, Zhifeng H, Yan X, XinFang Z, Mi W, RuHui W, Wenqiang S, Jun Z, QianNan D, Guanghua H, Yunfeng L, Ting Z. DEGENERATED LEMMA ( DEL) regulates lemma development and affects rice grain yield. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:335-347. [PMID: 37033767 PMCID: PMC10073388 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In grass, the lemma is a unique floral organ structure that directly determines grain size and yield. Despite a great deal of research on grain enlargement caused by changes in glume cells, the importance of normal development of the glume for normal grain development has been poorly studied. In this study, we investigated a rice spikelet mutant, degenerated lemma (del), which developed florets with a slightly degenerated or rod-like lemma. More importantly, del also showed a significant reduction in grain length and width, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight, which led to a reduction in yield. The results indicate that the mutation of the DEL gene further affects rice grain yield. Map-based cloning shows a single-nucleotide substitution from T to A within Os01g0527600/DEL/OsRDR6, causing an amino acid mutation of Leu-34 to His-34 in the del mutant. Compared with the wild type, the expression of DEL in del was significantly reduced, which might be caused by single base substitution. In addition, the expression level of tasiR-ARF in del was lower than that of the wild type. RT-qPCR results show that the expression of some floral organ identity genes was changed, which indicates that the DEL gene regulates lemma development by modulating the expression of these genes. The present results suggest that the normal expression of DEL is necessary for the formation of lemma and the normal development of grain morphology and therefore has an important effect on the yield. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01297-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jing
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Chen Wenbo
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - He Zhifeng
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zhang XinFang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Wei Mi
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Wu RuHui
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Shen Wenqiang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zhang Jun
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Duan QianNan
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - He Guanghua
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Li Yunfeng
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zhang Ting
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
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Liu S, Magne K, Daniel S, Sibout R, Ratet P. Brachypodium distachyon UNICULME4 and LAXATUM-A are redundantly required for development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:363-381. [PMID: 34662405 PMCID: PMC8774750 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In cultivated grasses, tillering, leaf, and inflorescence architecture, as well as abscission ability, are major agronomical traits. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon), NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE (NBCL) genes are essential regulators of vegetative and reproductive development. Grass species usually possess 2-4 NBCL copies and until now a single study in O. sativa showed that the disruption of all NBCL genes strongly altered O. sativa leaf development. To improve our understanding of the role of NBCL genes in grasses, we extended the study of the two NBCL paralogs BdUNICULME4 (CUL4) and BdLAXATUM-A (LAXA) in the nondomesticated grass B. distachyon. For this, we applied reversed genetics and generated original B. distachyon single and double nbcl mutants by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) approaches and genetic crossing between nbcl targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) mutants. Through the study of original single laxa CRISPR-Cas9 null alleles, we validated functions previously proposed for LAXA in tillering, leaf patterning, inflorescence, and flower development and also unveiled roles for these genes in seed yield. Furthermore, the characterization of cul4laxa double mutants revealed essential functions for nbcl genes in B. distachyon development, especially in the regulation of tillering, stem cell elongation and secondary cell wall composition as well as for the transition toward the reproductive phase. Our results also highlight recurrent antagonist interactions between NBCLs occurring in multiple aspects of B. distachyon development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Liu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Sylviane Daniel
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRAE, Nantes 44300, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRAE, Nantes 44300, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay 91405, France
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Wu T, Ali A, Wang J, Song J, Fang Y, Zhou T, Luo Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Liao Y, Liu Y, Xu P, Wu X. A homologous gene of OsREL2/ASP1, ASP-LSL regulates pleiotropic phenotype including long sterile lemma in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:390. [PMID: 34418975 PMCID: PMC8379857 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panicle is a harvesting organ of rice, and its morphology and development are closely associated with grain yield. The current study was carried on a mutant screened through an EMS (ethyl-methane sulphonate) mutagenized population of a Japonica cultivar Kitaake (WT). RESULTS A mutant, named as asp-lsl (aberrant spikelet-long sterile lemma), showed a significant decrease in plant height, number of tillers, thousand-grains weight, seed setting rate, spikelet length, kernel length and effective number of grains per panicle as compared to WT. Asp-lsl showed a pleiotropic phenotype coupled with the obvious presence of a long sterile lemma. Cross-sections of lemma showed an increase in the cell volume rather than the number of cells. Genetic segregation analysis revealed its phenotypic trait is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Primary and fine mapping indicated that candidate gene controlling the phenotype of asp-lsl was located in an interval of 212 kb on the short arm of chromosome 8 between RM22445 and RM22453. Further sequencing and indels markers analysis revealed LOC_Os08g06480 harbors a single base substitution (G→A), resulting in a change of 521st amino acid(Gly→Glu. The homology comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed mutation was occurred in a highly conserved domain and had a high degree of similarity in Arabidopsis, corn, and sorghum. The CRISPR/Cas9 mutant line of ASP-LSL produced a similar phenotype as that of asp-lsl. Subcellular localization of ASP-LSL revealed that its protein is localized in the nucleus. Relative expression analysis revealed ASP-LSL was preferentially expressed in panicle, stem, and leaves. The endogenous contents of GA, CTK, and IAA were found significantly decreased in asp-lsl as compared to WT. CONCLUSIONS Current study presents the novel phenotype of asp-lsl and also validate the previously reported function of OsREL2 (ROMOSA ENHANCER LOCI2), / ASP1(ABERRANT SPIKELET AND PANICLE 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Asif Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Peizhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China.
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Shoesmith JR, Solomon CU, Yang X, Wilkinson LG, Sheldrick S, van Eijden E, Couwenberg S, Pugh LM, Eskan M, Stephens J, Barakate A, Drea S, Houston K, Tucker MR, McKim SM. APETALA2 functions as a temporal factor together with BLADE-ON-PETIOLE2 and MADS29 to control flower and grain development in barley. Development 2021; 148:dev.194894. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.194894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cereal grain develops from fertilised florets. Alterations in floret and grain development greatly influence grain yield and quality. Despite this, little is known about the underlying genetic control of these processes, especially in key temperate cereals such as barley and wheat. Using a combination of near-isogenic mutant comparisons, gene editing and genetic analyses, we reveal that HvAPETALA2 (HvAP2) controls floret organ identity, floret boundaries, and maternal tissue differentiation and elimination during grain development. These new roles of HvAP2 correlate with changes in grain size and HvAP2-dependent expression of specific HvMADS-box genes, including the B-sister gene, HvMADS29. Consistent with this, gene editing demonstrates that HvMADS29 shares roles with HvAP2 in maternal tissue differentiation. We also discovered that a gain-of-function HvAP2 allele masks changes in floret organ identity and grain size due to loss of barley LAXATUM.A/BLADE-ON-PETIOLE2 (HvBOP2) gene function. Taken together, we reveal novel pleiotropic roles and regulatory interactions for an AP2-like gene controlling floret and grain development in a temperate cereal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Shoesmith
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Charles Ugochukwu Solomon
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Nigeria
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Laura G. Wilkinson
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Scott Sheldrick
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Ewan van Eijden
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sanne Couwenberg
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Laura M. Pugh
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Mhmoud Eskan
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jennifer Stephens
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Abdellah Barakate
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sinéad Drea
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Kelly Houston
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Matthew R. Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sarah M. McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, UK
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Duan X, Zhao C, Jiang Y, Zhang R, Shan H, Kong H. Parallel evolution of apetalous lineages within the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae): outward expansion of AGAMOUS1, rather than disruption of APETALA3-3. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1169-1181. [PMID: 32891067 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complete loss of petals, or becoming apetalous, has occurred independently in many flowering plant lineages. However, the mechanisms underlying the parallel evolution of naturally occurring apetalous lineages remain largely unclear. Here, by sampling representatives of all nine apetalous genera/tribes of the family Ranunculaceae and conducting detailed morphological, expression, molecular evolutionary and functional studies, we investigate the mechanisms underlying parallel petal losses. We found that while non-expression/downregulation of the petal identity gene APETALA3-3 (AP3-3) is tightly associated with complete petal losses, disruptions of the AP3-3 orthologs were unlikely to be the real causes for the parallel evolution of apetalous lineages. We also found that, compared with their close petalous relatives, naturally occurring apetalous taxa usually bear slightly larger numbers of stamens, whereas the number of sepals remains largely unchanged, suggestive of petal-to-stamen rather than petal-to-sepal transformations. In addition, in the recently originated apetalous genus Enemion, the petal-to-stamen transformations have likely been caused by the mutations that led to the elevation and outward expansion of the expression of the C-function gene, AGAMOUS1 (AG1). Our results not only provide a general picture of parallel petal losses within the Ranunculaceae but also help understand the mechanisms underlying the independent originations of other apetalous lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Caiyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongchao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Ma J, Deng S, Jia Z, Sang Z, Zhu Z, Zhou C, Ma L, Chen F. Conservation and divergence of ancestral AGAMOUS/SEEDSTICK subfamily genes from the basal angiosperm Magnolia wufengensis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:90-107. [PMID: 31553477 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AGAMOUS/SEEDSTICK (AG/STK) subfamily genes play crucial roles in the reproductive development of plants. However, most of our current knowledge of AG/STK subfamily genes is restricted to core eudicots and grasses, and the knowledge of ancestral exon-intron structures, expression patterns, protein-protein interaction patterns and functions of AG/STK subfamily genes remains unclear. To determine these, we isolated AG/STK subfamily genes (MawuAG1, MawuAG2 and MawuSTK) from a woody basal angiosperm Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae). MawuSTK arose from the gene duplication event occurring before the diversification of extant angiosperms, and MawuAG1 and MawuAG2 may result from a gene duplication event occurring before the divergence of Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae. Gene duplication led to apparent diversification in their expression and interaction patterns. It revealed that expression in both stamens and carpels likely represents the ancestral expression profiles of AG lineage genes, and expression of STK-like genes in stamens may have been lost soon after the appearance of the STK lineage. Moreover, AG/STK subfamily proteins may have immediately established interactions with the SEPALLATA (SEP) subfamily proteins following the emergence of the SEP subfamily; however, their interactions with the APETALA1/FRUITFULL subfamily proteins or themselves differ from those found in monocots and basal and core eudicots. MawuAG1 plays highly conserved roles in the determinacy of stamen, carpel and ovule identity, while gene duplication contributed to the functional diversification of MawuAG2 and MawuSTK. In addition, we investigated the evolutionary history of exon-intron structural changes of the AG/STK subfamily, and a novel splice-acceptor mode (GUU-AU) and the convergent evolution of N-terminal extension in the euAG and PLE subclades were revealed for the first time. These results further advance our understanding of ancestral AG/STK subfamily genes in terms of phylogeny, exon-intron structures, expression and interaction patterns, and functions, and provide strong evidence for the significance of gene duplication in the expansion and evolution of the AG/STK subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shixin Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhongkui Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ziyang Sang
- Forestry Bureau of Wufeng County, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Zhonglong Zhu
- Wufeng Bo Ling Magnolia Wufengensis Technology Development Co., Ltd, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Lvyi Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Faju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
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Ectopic Expression of Litsea cubeba LcMADS20 Modifies Silique Architecture. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:4139-4147. [PMID: 31615834 PMCID: PMC6893193 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (mountain pepper, Lauraceae) is an important woody essential oil crop that produces fragrant oils in its fruits, especially in its peels. Identification of genes involved in the regulation of fruits and peel architecture is of economic significance for L. cubeba industry. It has been well known that the MADS-box genes are essential transcription factors that control flowers and fruits development. Here, we obtained 33 MADS-box genes first from the RNA-seq data in L. cubeba, and 27 of these genes were of the MIKC-type. LcMADS20, an AGAMOUS-like gene, was highly expressed in the developing stages of fruits, particularly at 85 days after full bloom. The ectopic expression of LcMADS20 in Arabidopsis resulted in not only curved leaves, early flowering and early full-opened inflorescences, but also shorter siliques and decreased percentage of peel thickness. Moreover, in the LcMADS20 transgenic Arabidopsis, the expression modes of several intrinsic ABC model class genes were influenced, among which the expression of FUL was significantly reduced and AP3, AG, and STK were significantly increased. This study systematically analyzed the MADS-box genes in L. cubeba at the transcriptional level and showed that LcMADS20 plays important roles in the regulation of fruit architecture.
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10
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Kong L, Duan Y, Ye Y, Cai Z, Wang F, Qu X, Qiu R, Wu C, Wu W. Screening and analysis of proteins interacting with OsMADS16 in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221473. [PMID: 31437207 PMCID: PMC6705763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OsMADS16, a class B floral organ identity gene, plays a pivotal role in stamen formation in rice. To date, little is known about the interacting partners of OsMADS16 except for several MADS-box proteins. In this study, we constructed a high-quality cDNA library of young panicles (< 5 cm in length) and performed yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening using OsMADS16 as bait. Eleven candidate proteins interacting with OsMADS16 were identified by Y2H and validated by BiFC and Co-IP assays. Subcellular localization results further confirmed the possibility of the interactions of OsMADS16 with 10 of the candidate proteins in natural rice cells. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these partners exerted various molecular, cellular and physiological functions. Some of them were known or likely to be related to reproductive events, such as stamen primordium initiation, differentiation and development (OsMADS2, OsMADS4 and OsCOP9) and pollen development (OsbHLH40 and Os6PGDH). Our results provide an important reference for further research on OsMADS16-mediated regulation mechanism on floral organ development and pollen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Kong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanlin Duan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfang Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhengzheng Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ronghua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weiren Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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11
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Sugiyama SH, Yasui Y, Ohmori S, Tanaka W, Hirano HY. Rice Flower Development Revisited: Regulation of Carpel Specification and Flower Meristem Determinacy. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1284-1295. [PMID: 30715478 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ABC model in flower development represents a milestone of plant developmental studies and is essentially conserved across a wide range of angiosperm species. Despite this overall conservation, individual genes in the ABC model are not necessarily conserved and sometimes play a species-specific role, depending on the plant. We previously reported that carpels are specified by the YABBY gene DROOPING LEAF (DL) in rice (Oryza sativa), which bears flowers that are distinct from those of eudicots. In contrast, another group reported that carpels are specified by two class C genes, OsMADS3 and OsMADS58. Here, we have addressed this controversial issue by phenotypic characterization of floral homeotic gene mutants. Analysis of a complete loss-of-function mutant of OsMADS3 and OsMADS58 revealed that carpel-like organs expressing DL were formed in the absence of the two class C genes. Furthermore, no known flower organs including carpels were specified in a double mutant of DL and SUPERWOMAN1 (a class B gene), which expresses only class C genes in whorls 3 and 4. These results suggest that, in contrast to Arabidopsis, class C genes are not a key regulator for carpel specification in rice. Instead, they seem to be involved in the elaboration of carpel morphology rather than its specification. Our phenotypic analysis also revealed that, similar to its Arabidopsis ortholog CRABS CLAW, DL plays an important function in regulating flower meristem determinacy in addition to carpel specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shige-Hiro Sugiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasui
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Kobe, Japan
| | - Suzuha Ohmori
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Wakana Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Li C, Xu H, Russell SD, Sundaresan V. Step-by-step protocols for rice gamete isolation. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:5-13. [PMID: 30756188 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A detailed, step-by-step protocol for isolation of rice gametes for transcriptional profiling, with a general workflow that includes controls for RNA contamination from surrounding cells and tissues is presented. Characterization of the transcriptome and other -omics studies of flowering plant gametes are challenging as a consequence of the small sizes and relative inaccessibility of these cells. Collecting such poorly represented cells is also complicated by potential contamination from surrounding sporophytic, adjacent gametophytic tissues and difficulties in extracting high-quality intact cells. Here we present detailed, step-by-step procedures for collecting intact, unfixed rice (Oryza sativa) egg cells and sperm cells without enzymatic treatments. In addition, we also present a general workflow for assessing sample purity by RT-PCR, using primers specific for marker genes preferentially expressed in surrounding cells and tissues. These protocols should facilitate future studies of genome-scale characterization of gametes in this important model crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Li
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hengping Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Scott D Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Venkatesan Sundaresan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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13
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Ma J, Shen X, Liu Z, Zhang D, Liu W, Liang H, Wang Y, He Z, Chen F. Isolation and Characterization of AGAMOUS-Like Genes Associated With Double-Flower Morphogenesis in Kerria japonica (Rosaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:959. [PMID: 30050547 PMCID: PMC6052346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Double-flower phenotype is more popular and attractive in garden and ornamental plants. There is great interest in exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the double-flower formation for further breeding and selection. Kerria japonica, a commercial ornamental shrub of the Rosaceae family, is considered an excellent system to determine the mechanisms of morphological alterations, because it naturally has a single-flower form and double-flower variant with homeotic conversion of stamens into petals and carpels into leaf-like carpels. In this study, Sf-KjAG (AGAMOUS homolog of single-flower K. japonica) and Df-KjAG (AGAMOUS homolog of double-flower K. japonica) were isolated and characterized as two AGAMOUS (AG) homologs that occur strictly in single- and double-flower K. japonica, respectively. Our sequence comparison showed that Df-KjAG is derived from ectopic splicing with the insertion of a 2411 bp transposon-like fragment, which might disrupt mRNA accumulation and protein function, into intron 1. Ectopic expression analysis in Arabidopsis revealed that Sf-KjAG is highly conserved in specifying carpel and stamen identities. However, Df-KjAG did not show any putative C-class function in floral development. Moreover, yeast-two-hybrid assays showed that Sf-KjAG can interact with KjAGL2, KjAGL9, and KjAP1, whereas Df-KjAG has lost interactions with these floral identity genes. In addition, loss-of-function of Df-KjAG affected not only its own expression, but also that of other putative floral organ identity genes such as KjAGL2, KjAGL9, KjAP1, KjAP2, KjAP3, and KjPI. In conclusion, our findings suggest that double-flower formation in K. japonica can be attributed to Df-KjAG, which appears to be a mutant produced by the insertion of a transposon-like fragment in the normal AG homolog (Sf-KjAG) of single-flower K. japonica. Highlights:Sf-KjAG and Df-KjAG are different variations only distinguished by a transposon-like fragment insertion which lead to the evolutionary transformation from single-flower to double-flowers morphogenesis in Kerria japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhengquan He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Faju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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14
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Sobral R, Costa MMR. Role of floral organ identity genes in the development of unisexual flowers of Quercus suber L. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10368. [PMID: 28871195 PMCID: PMC5583232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoecious species provide an excellent system to study the specific determinants that underlie male and female flower development. Quercus suber is a monoecious species with unisexual flowers at inception. Despite the overall importance of this and other tree species with a similar reproductive habit, little is known regarding the mechanisms involved in the development of their male and female flowers. Here, we have characterised members of the ABCDE MADS-box gene family of Q. suber. The temporal expression of these genes was found to be sex-biased. The B-class genes, in particular, are predominantly, or exclusively (in the case of QsPISTILLATA), expressed in the male flowers. Functional analysis in Arabidopsis suggests that the B-class genes have their function conserved. The identification of sex-biased gene expression plus the identification of unusual protein-protein interactions suggest that the floral organ identity of Q. suber may be under control of specific changes in the dynamics of the ABCDE model. This study constitutes a major step towards the characterisation of the mechanisms involved in reproductive organ identity in a monoecious tree with a potential contribution towards the knowledge of conserved developmental mechanisms in other species with a similar sex habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rómulo Sobral
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Manuela R Costa
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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15
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Ye S, Yang W, Zhai R, Lu Y, Wang J, Zhang X. Mapping and application of the twin-grain1 gene in rice. PLANTA 2017; 245:707-716. [PMID: 27999987 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The map-based cloning and application of a flower organ number gene twin - grain1 provide great potential for improving seed production in hybrid rice. A new germplasm for high-yield rice breeding, the twin-grain1 (tg1) mutant with more than one grain in a glume, was obtained from the Zhejing 22 rice variety via physical mutagenesis. The mapping results showed that TG1 is allelic to FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 (FON2)/FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER4 (FON4), a flower organ number gene located at 88.7 cM on chromosome 11. The novel tg1 gene allele was introgressed into the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line Zhejing 22A, giving rise to a new CMS line Zhejing 22-tg1A. The Zhejing 22-tg1A line showed enhanced glume opening and stigma exsertion, which increased the outcrossing rate in hybrid rice. A small-scale hybrid rice seed production test demonstrated that the grain yield of the Zhejing 22-tg1A/Zhejinghui 5 line was significantly increased compared to that of the Zhejing 22A/Zhejinghui 5 line. The plot yield evaluation of the F1 hybrid lines showed a higher yield for the Zhejing 22-tg1A/Zhejinghui 5 line than that of the Zhejing 22A/Zhejinghui 5 line. The results implied great potentials for the tg1 gene in hybrid rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghai Ye
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Weibing Yang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rongrong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yanting Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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16
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Yu H, Ruan B, Wang Z, Ren D, Zhang Y, Leng Y, Zeng D, Hu J, Zhang G, Zhu L, Gao Z, Chen G, Guo L, Chen W, Qian Q. Fine Mapping of a Novel defective glume 1 ( dg1) Mutant, Which Affects Vegetative and Spikelet Development in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:486. [PMID: 28428794 PMCID: PMC5382164 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In cereal crops, vegetative and spikelet development play important roles in grain yield and quality, but the genetic mechanisms that control vegetative and spikelet development remain poorly understood in rice. Here, we identified a new rice mutant, defective glume 1 (dg1) mutant from cultivar Zhonghua11 after ethyl methanesulfonate treatment. The dg1 mutant displayed the dwarfism with small, rolled leaves, which resulted from smaller cells and more bulliform cells. The dg1 mutant also had an enlarged leaf angle and defects in brassinosteroid signaling. In the dg1 mutant, both the rudimentary glume and sterile lemma (glumes) were transformed into lemma-like organ and acquired the lemma identity. Additionally, the dg1 mutant produced slender grains. Further analysis revealed that DG1 affects grain size by regulating cell proliferation and expansion. We fine mapped the dg1 locus to a 31-kb region that includes eight open reading frames. We examined the DNA sequence and expression of these loci, but we were not able to identify the DG1 gene. Therefore, more work will be needed for cloning and functional analysis of DG1, which would contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind whole-plant development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Yu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of AgricultureShenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of AgricultureShenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deyong Ren, Wenfu Chen, Qian Qian,
| | - Yu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of AgricultureShenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of AgricultureShenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Deyong Ren, Wenfu Chen, Qian Qian,
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deyong Ren, Wenfu Chen, Qian Qian,
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17
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Soza VL, Snelson CD, Hewett Hazelton KD, Di Stilio VS. Partial redundancy and functional specialization of E-class SEPALLATA genes in an early-diverging eudicot. Dev Biol 2016; 419:143-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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WEI SHUHONG. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of WAG-2 alternative splicing transcripts in developing spikes of Aegilops tauschii. J Genet 2016; 95:581-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Harrop TWR, Ud Din I, Gregis V, Osnato M, Jouannic S, Adam H, Kater MM. Gene expression profiling of reproductive meristem types in early rice inflorescences by laser microdissection. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:75-88. [PMID: 26932536 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In rice, inflorescence architecture is established at early stages of reproductive development and contributes directly to grain yield potential. After induction of flowering, the complexity of branching, and therefore the number of seeds on the panicle, is determined by the activity of different meristem types and the timing of transitions between them. Although some of the genes involved in these transitions have been identified, an understanding of the network of transcriptional regulators controlling this process is lacking. To address this we used a precise laser microdissection and RNA-sequencing approach in Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare to produce quantitative data that describe the landscape of gene expression in four different meristem types: the rachis meristem, the primary branch meristem, the elongating primary branch meristem (including axillary meristems), and the spikelet meristem. A switch in expression profile between apical and axillary meristem types followed by more gradual changes during transitions in axillary meristem identity was observed, and several genes potentially involved in branching were identified. This resource will be vital for a mechanistic understanding of the link between inflorescence development and grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W R Harrop
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Israr Ud Din
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica Gregis
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Osnato
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefan Jouannic
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Adam
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin M Kater
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
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20
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Hu Y, Liang W, Yin C, Yang X, Ping B, Li A, Jia R, Chen M, Luo Z, Cai Q, Zhao X, Zhang D, Yuan Z. Interactions of OsMADS1 with Floral Homeotic Genes in Rice Flower Development. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1366-84. [PMID: 25917758 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During reproductive development, rice plants develop unique flower organs which determine the final grain yield. OsMADS1, one of SEPALLATA-like MADS-box genes, has been unraveled to play critical roles in rice floral organ identity specification and floral meristem determinacy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions of OsMADS1 with other floral homeotic genes in regulating flower development remains largely elusive. In this work, we studied the genetic interactions of OsMADS1 with B-, C-, and D-class genes along with physical interactions among their proteins. We show that the physical and genetic interactions between OsMADS1 and OsMADS3 are essential for floral meristem activity maintenance and organ identity specification; while OsMADS1 physically and genetically interacts with OsMADS58 in regulating floral meristem determinacy and suppressing spikelet meristem reversion. We provided important genetic evidence to support the neofunctionalization of two rice C-class genes (OsMADS3 and OsMADS58) during flower development. Gene expression profiling and quantitative RT-PCR analyses further revealed that OsMADS1 affects the expression of many genes involved in floral identity and hormone signaling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assay further demonstrated that OsMADS17 is a direct target gene of OsMADS1. Taken together, these results reveal that OsMADS1 has diversified regulatory functions in specifying rice floral organ and meristem identity, probably through its genetic and physical interactions with different floral homeotic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Changsong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Xuelian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Baozhe Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Anxue Li
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Zhijing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Zheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China.
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Zheng M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Ren Y, Lv J, Peng C, Wu T, Liu K, Zhao S, Liu X, Guo X, Jiang L, Terzaghi W, Wan J. DEFORMED FLORAL ORGAN1 (DFO1) regulates floral organ identity by epigenetically repressing the expression of OsMADS58 in rice (Oryza sativa). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:1476-90. [PMID: 25675970 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Floral organ identity in plants is controlled by floral homeotic A/B/C/D/E-class genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, several epigenetic repressors that regulate these floral organ identity genes have been characterized. However, the roles of epigenetic factors in rice floral development have not been explored in detail. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a rice epigenetic repressor, DEFORMED FLORAL ORGAN1 (DFO1) gene, which causes abnormal floral morphology when mutated. We isolated dfo1 by mapping, and confirmed its function by rescue experiments, combined with genetic, cytological and molecular biological analysis. We showed that DFO1 is constitutively expressed and encodes a nuclear-localized protein. Mutation of DFO1 causes the ectopic expression of C-class genes in the dfo1-1 mutant, and overexpression of OsMADS58, a C-class gene, phenocopies the dfo1 mutants. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that DFO1 interacts with the rice polycomb group (PcG) proteins (OsMSI1 and OsiEZ1). Remarkably, trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27, a mark of epigenetic repression, is significantly reduced on OsMADS58 chromatin in the dfo1-1 mutant. Our results suggest that DFO1 functions in maintaining rice floral organ identity by cooperating with PcG proteins to regulate the H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic repression on OsMADS58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jia Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaolu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, USA
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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22
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Wang H, Zhang L, Cai Q, Hu Y, Jin Z, Zhao X, Fan W, Huang Q, Luo Z, Chen M, Zhang D, Yuan Z. OsMADS32 interacts with PI-like proteins and regulates rice flower development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:504-513. [PMID: 25081486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OsMADS32 is a monocot specific MIKC(c) type MADS-box gene that plays an important role in regulating rice floral meristem and organs identity, a crucial process for reproductive success and rice yield. However, its underlying mechanism of action remains to be clarified. Here, we characterized a hypomorphic mutant allele of OsMADS32/CFO1, cfo1-3 and identified its function in controlling rice flower development by bioinformatics and protein-protein interaction analysis. The cfo1-3 mutant produces defective flowers, including loss of lodicule identity, formation of ectopic lodicule or hull-like organs and decreased stamen number, mimicking phenotypes related to the mutation of B class genes. Molecular characterization indicated that mis-splicing of OsMADS32 transcripts in the cfo1-3 mutant resulted in an extra eight amino acids in the K-domain of OsMADS32 protein. By yeast two hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we revealed that the insertion of eight amino acids or deletion of the internal region in the K1 subdomain of OsMADS32 affects the interaction between OsMADS32 with PISTILLATA (PI)-like proteins OsMADS2 and OsMADS4. This work provides new insight into the mechanism by which OsMADS32 regulates rice lodicule and stamen identity, by interaction with two PI-like proteins via its K domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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23
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Yan D, Zhang X, Zhang L, Ye S, Zeng L, Liu J, Li Q, He Z. Curved chimeric palea 1 encoding an EMF1-like protein maintains epigenetic repression of OsMADS58 in rice palea development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:12-24. [PMID: 25647350 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Floral organ specification is controlled by various MADS-box genes in both dicots and monocots, whose expression is often subjected to both genetic and epigenetic regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little information is known about the role of epigenetic modification of MADS-box genes during rice flower development. Here, we report the characterization of a rice gene, curved chimeric palea 1 (CCP1) that functions in palea development. Mutation in CCP1 resulted in abnormal palea with ectopic stigmatic tissues and other pleiotropic phenotypes. We found that OsMADS58, a C-class gene responsible for carpel morphogenesis, was ectopically expressed in the ccp1 palea, indicating that the ccp1 palea was misspecified and partially acquired carpel-like identity. Constitutive expression of OsMADS58 in the wild-type rice plants caused morphological abnormality of palea similar to that of ccp1, whereas OsMADS58 knockdown by RNAi in ccp1 could rescue the abnormal phenotype of mutant palea, suggesting that the repression of OsMADS58 expression by CCP1 is critical for palea development. Map-based cloning revealed that CCP1 encodes a putative plant-specific emBRYONIC flower1 (EMF1)-like protein. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the level of the H3K27me3 at the OsMADS58 locus was greatly reduced in ccp1 compared with that in the wild-type. Taken together, our results show that CCP1 plays an important role in palea development through maintaining H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic silence of the carpel identity-specifying gene OsMADS58, shedding light on the epigenetic mechanism in floral organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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24
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Abstract
Grasses bear unique flowers lacking obvious petals and sepals in special inflorescence units, the florets and the spikelet. Despite this, grass floral organs such as stamens and lodicules (petal homologs) are specified by ABC homeotic genes encoding MADS domain transcription factors, suggesting that the ABC model of eudicot flower development is largely applicable to grass flowers. However, some modifications need to be made for the model to fit grasses well: for example, a YABBY gene plays an important role in carpel specification. In addition, a number of genes are involved in the development of the lateral organs that constitute the spikelet. In this review, we discuss recent progress in elucidating the genes required for flower and spikelet development in grasses, together with those involved in fate determination of the spikelet and flower meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,
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25
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Li S, Zhou B, Peng X, Kuang Q, Huang X, Yao J, Du B, Sun MX. OsFIE2 plays an essential role in the regulation of rice vegetative and reproductive development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:66-79. [PMID: 24020752 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are gene repressors that help to maintain cellular identity during development via chromatin remodeling. Fertilization-independent endosperm (FIE), a member of the PcG complex, operates extensively in plant development, but its role in rice has not been fully investigated to date. We report the isolation and characterization of a PcG member in rice, which was designated OsFIE2 for Oryza sativa Fertilization-Independent Endosperm 2. OsFIE2 is a single-copy gene in the rice genome and shows a universal expression pattern. The OsFIE2 RNAi lines displayed pleiotropic phenotypes in vegetative and reproductive organ generation. In unfertilized lines, endosperm formation could be triggered without embryo formation, which indicates that FIE is indeed involved in the suppression of autonomous endosperm development in rice. Furthermore, lateral root generation was promoted early in the roots of OsFIE2 RNAi lines, whereas the primary root was premature and highly differentiated. As the root tip stem cell differentiated, QHB, the gene required for stem cell maintenance in the quiescent center, was down-regulated. Our data suggest that the OsFIE2-PcG complex is vital for rice reproduction and endosperm formation. Its role in stem cell maintenance suggests that the gene is functionally conserved in plants as well as animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Laboratory of Brassicaceae, Wuhan Institute of Vegetable Science, Wuhan, 430345, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Quan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- College of Life Science, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jialing Yao
- College of Life Science, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Wei X, Zhang X, Shao G, He J, Jiao G, Xie L, Sheng Z, Tang S, Hu P. Fine mapping of BH1, a gene controlling lemma and palea development in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1455-1463. [PMID: 23689259 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new rice floral organ mutant bh1 , had a negative effect on grain yield. BH1 was fine mapped to 87.5 kb on chr2. A 55 kb chromosome segment was deleted in bh1. The cereal spikelet is enclosed by the lemma and palea. The lemma and palea of the floral mutant designated bh1, a selection from a T-DNA library generated from the rice cultivar Asominori, takes on an abnormal curve-shaped appearance only late in floral development, finally forming a beak-shaped hull. The mutation had a negative effect on thousand grain weight, seed set rate and germination rate. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was determined by a single recessive gene. Through map-based approach, BH1 gene was finally located to a ~87.5-kbp region on the long arm of chromosome 2. An analysis of the gene content of this region indicated that the mutation involves the loss of a 55-kbp stretch, harboring four open reading frames. Transcription profiling based on qRT-PCR revealed that the genes OsMADS1, OsMADS14, OsMADS15, OsMADS18, REP1, CFO1, and DL, all of which are also involved in lemma and palea development and identity specification, were down-regulated in the bh1 mutant. BH1 is therefore an important floral organ development gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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27
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Abstract
Genes of the AGAMOUS subfamily have been shown to play crucial roles in reproductive organ identity determination, fruit, and seed development. They have been deeply studied in eudicot species and especially in Arabidopsis. Recently, the AGAMOUS subfamily of rice has been studied for their role in flower development and an enormous amount of data has been generated. In this review, we provide an overview of these data and discuss the conservation of gene functions between rice and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Dreni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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28
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Yoshida H. Is the lodicule a petal: molecular evidence? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 184:121-8. [PMID: 22284716 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lodicules are grass-specific floral organs with scale-like shapes that play an important role in flower opening. Because of their position just outside the stamens, lodicules have been suggested as analogous to eudicot petals. Previous molecular genetic studies in maize and rice revealed that identities of lodicule and stamen are specified by members of the AP3-lineage of B-class MADS-box genes, which specify petal and stamen identities in eudicots. This supported the hypothesis that lodicules may be equivalent to eudicot petals. Recent studies in rice, maize, and barley further demonstrated that the molecular genetic mechanism of lodicule development includes the PI-lineage of B-class, C-class, SEP-like, AGL6-like, and AP2-like genes. These findings consistently suggest that the genetic mechanisms behind lodicule and petal development are similar. Nevertheless, remarkable divergence in the appearances of lodicules and petals suggests that their developmental processes are very different. Critical mutations in cis-elements and coding sequences of the key regulatory genes may be major driving forces of the divergence between lodicules and petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Yoshida
- Rice Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
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29
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Molecular aspects of flower development in grasses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 24:247-82. [PMID: 21877128 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-011-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The grass family (Poaceae) of the monocotyledons includes about 10,000 species and represents one of the most important taxa among angiosperms. Their flower morphology is remarkably different from those of other monocotyledons and higher eudicots. The peculiar floral structure of grasses is the floret, which contains carpels and stamens, like eudicots, but lacks petals and sepals. The reproductive organs are surrounded by two lodicules, which correspond to eudicot petals, and by a palea and lemma, whose correspondence to eudicot organs remains controversial. The molecular and genetic analysis of floral morphogenesis and organ specification, primarily performed in eudicot model species, led to the ABCDE model of flower development. Several genes required for floral development in grasses correspond to class A, B, C, D, and E genes of eudicots, but others appear to have unique and diversified functions. In this paper, we outline the present knowledge on the evolution and diversification of grass genes encoding MIKC-type MADS-box transcription factors, based on information derived from studies in rice, maize, and wheat. Moreover, we review recent advances in studying the genes involved in the control of flower development and the extent of structural and functional conservation of these genes between grasses and eudicots.
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30
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Wang SY, Lee PF, Lee YI, Hsiao YY, Chen YY, Pan ZJ, Liu ZJ, Tsai WC. Duplicated C-class MADS-box genes reveal distinct roles in gynostemium development in Cymbidium ensifolium (Orchidaceae). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 52:563-77. [PMID: 21278368 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The orchid floral organs represent novel and effective structures for attracting pollination vectors. In addition, to avoid inbreeding, the androecium and gynoecium are united in a single structure termed the gynostemium. Identification of C-class MADS-box genes regulating reproductive organ development could help determine the level of homology with the current ABC model of floral organ identity in orchids. In this study, we isolated and characterized two C-class AGAMOUS-like genes, denoted CeMADS1 and CeMADS2, from Cymbidium ensifolium. These two genes showed distinct spatial and temporal expression profiles, which suggests their functional diversification during gynostemium development. Furthermore, the expression of CeMADS1 but not CeMADS2 was eliminated in the multitepal mutant whose gynostemium is replaced by a newly emerged flower, and this ecotopic flower continues to produce sepals and petals centripetally. Protein interaction relationships among CeMADS1, CeMADS2 and E-class PeMADS8 proteins were assessed by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Both CeMADS1 and CeMADS2 formed homodimers and heterodimers with each other and the E-class PeMADS protein. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CeMADS1 or CeMADS2 showed limited growth of primary inflorescence. Thus, CeMADS1 may have a pivotal C function in reproductive organ development in C. ensifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Yamaki S, Nagato Y, Kurata N, Nonomura KI. Ovule is a lateral organ finally differentiated from the terminating floral meristem in rice. Dev Biol 2010; 351:208-16. [PMID: 21146515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The floral meristem is the homeostatic source of floral organs in angiosperms. In rice, after stamen and carpel differentiation, the floral meristem is terminated and exhausted to produce an ovule. To elucidate underlying mechanisms controlling the continuous process from floral meristem termination to ovule formation, we investigated two rice mutants showing abnormalities in ovule formation. In the weak mutant of the lonely guy gene, responsible for cytokinin activation to maintain the floral meristem, ovule formation was abolished inside the normally developing carpel. The loss-of-function of the OsMADS13 gene, encoding a MADS-box transcription factor, resulted in the replacement of ovule with extra carpels. The in situ expression of tissue-specific markers in both mutants revealed that a lateral region of the terminating floral meristem adjacent to the site of carpel initiation exclusively differentiated the ovule and is apparently distinct from the remainder of the floral meristem, in contrast to previous assumptions. Our findings also suggest that primordial germ cells are initiated independently of ovule formation, but dependently on the presence of active cytokinin. We propose a novel pattern of ovule formation in angiosperms, in which the ovule is a lateral organ finally differentiated from the terminating floral meristem in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Yamaki
- Genetic Strain Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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32
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Duan Y, Diao Z, Liu H, Cai M, Wang F, Lan T, Wu W. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of OsJAG gene based on a complete-deletion mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 74:605-615. [PMID: 20938801 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report an independent work of positional cloning and functional characterization of OsJAG gene in rice. The merit of our work is that we used a genuine null mutant, in which the wild-type allele was completely deleted. This allowed us to identify the mutant phenotypes accurately without the interference of residual function of the target gene. OsJAG is an important gene with pleiotropy, expressing almost throughout the plant and acting in both vegetative phase and reproductive phase. But its main and crucial roles are in regulating the development of all floral organs, especially in specifying the identity of stamens. Interestingly, OsJAG does not affect the number of floral organ primordial and so of floral organs in each whorl, suggesting that OsJAG does not influence the initiation of floral organ primordia, but affect the developmental fate of all floral organs after their primordia have initiated. Loss of OsJAG function results in maldevelopment of all floral organs, such as degenerated lemma and palea, elongated lodicules and deformed and sterile pistil. The stamen appears to be more sensitive to the mutation. All the six stamens in a mutant floret were thoroughly transformed into six pistil-like organs developed at the presumptive positions of the stamens in whorl 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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33
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Zahn LM, Ma X, Altman NS, Zhang Q, Wall PK, Tian D, Gibas CJ, Gharaibeh R, Leebens-Mack JH, dePamphilis CW, Ma H. Comparative transcriptomics among floral organs of the basal eudicot Eschscholzia californica as reference for floral evolutionary developmental studies. Genome Biol 2010; 11:R101. [PMID: 20950453 PMCID: PMC3218657 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-10-r101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular genetic studies of floral development have concentrated on several core eudicots and grasses (monocots), which have canalized floral forms. Basal eudicots possess a wider range of floral morphologies than the core eudicots and grasses and can serve as an evolutionary link between core eudicots and monocots, and provide a reference for studies of other basal angiosperms. Recent advances in genomics have enabled researchers to profile gene activities during floral development, primarily in the eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana and the monocots rice and maize. However, our understanding of floral developmental processes among the basal eudicots remains limited. RESULTS Using a recently generated expressed sequence tag (EST) set, we have designed an oligonucleotide microarray for the basal eudicot Eschscholzia californica (California poppy). We performed microarray experiments with an interwoven-loop design in order to characterize the E. californica floral transcriptome and to identify differentially expressed genes in flower buds with pre-meiotic and meiotic cells, four floral organs at preanthesis stages (sepals, petals, stamens and carpels), developing fruits, and leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a foundation for comparative gene expression studies between eudicots and basal angiosperms. We identified whorl-specific gene expression patterns in E. californica and examined the floral expression of several gene families. Interestingly, most E. californica homologs of Arabidopsis genes important for flower development, except for genes encoding MADS-box transcription factors, show different expression patterns between the two species. Our comparative transcriptomics study highlights the unique evolutionary position of E. californica compared with basal angiosperms and core eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Zahn
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Current address: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington DC 20005, USA
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Intercollege Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Naomi S Altman
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Current address: 2367 Setter Run Lane, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - P Kerr Wall
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Current address: BASF Plant Science, 26 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Donglan Tian
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Current address: Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cynthia J Gibas
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Raad Gharaibeh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - James H Leebens-Mack
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Current address: Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 120 Carlton Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Claude W dePamphilis
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Intercollege Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu X, Zuo KJ, Xu JT, Li Y, Zhang F, Yao HY, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qiu CX, Sun XF, Tang KX. Functional analysis of GbAGL1, a D-lineage gene from cotton (Gossypium barbadense). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:1193-203. [PMID: 20054032 PMCID: PMC2826657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fibres originate from the outer ovule integument and D-lineage genes are essential for ovule development and their roles can be described by the 'ABCDE' model of flower development. To investigate the role of D-lineage genes during ovule and fibre development, GbAGL1 (GenBank accession number: FJ198049) was isolated from G. barbadense by using the SMART RACE strategy. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that GbAGL1 was a member of the D-lineage gene family. Southern blot analysis showed that GbAGL1 belonged to a low-copy gene family. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization analyses revealed that the GbAGL1 gene in G. barbadense was highly expressed in whole floral bud primordia and the floral organs including ovules and fibres, but the signals were barely observed in vegetative tissues. GbAGL1 expression increased gradually with the ovule developmental stages. Over-expression of GbAGL1 in Arabidopsis caused obvious homeotic alternations in the floral organs, such as early flowering, and an extruded stigma, which were the typical phenotypes of the D-lineage gene family. In addition, a complementation test revealed that GbAGL1 could rescue the phenotypes of the stk mutant. Our study indicated that GbAGL1 was a D-lineage gene that was involved in ovule development and might play key roles in fibres development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-jing Zuo
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-ting Xu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-yan Yao
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-xiang Qiu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-fen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-xuan Tang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
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Hong L, Qian Q, Zhu K, Tang D, Huang Z, Gao L, Li M, Gu M, Cheng Z. ELE restrains empty glumes from developing into lemmas. J Genet Genomics 2010; 37:101-15. [DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(09)60029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yamada K, Saraike T, Shitsukawa N, Hirabayashi C, Takumi S, Murai K. Class D and B(sister) MADS-box genes are associated with ectopic ovule formation in the pistil-like stamens of alloplasmic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 71:1-14. [PMID: 19488678 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) has been reported in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that have the cytoplasm of a related wild species, Aegilops crassa. An ectopic ovule differentiates in the pistil-like stamen in the alloplasmic wheat. The SEEDSTICK (STK)-like class D MADS-box gene, wheat STK (WSTK), was expressed in the primordia of ectopic ovules in the pistil-like stamens as well as in the true pistil, suggesting that ectopic ovule formation results from WSTK expression in the pistil-like stamens of alloplasmic wheat. The ectopic ovule is abnormal as it fails to form complete integuments. Based on the expression pattern of WSTK and B(sister) MADS-box gene, WBsis (wheat B ( sister )), we conclude that WSTK plays a role in determination of ovule identity in the pistil-like stamen, but complete ovule development fails due to aberrant expression of WBsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yamada
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, Japan
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Zhang Q, Xu J, Li Y, Xu P, Zhang H, Wu X. Morphological, anatomical and genetic analysis for a rice mutant with abnormal hull. J Genet Genomics 2009; 34:519-26. [PMID: 17601611 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(07)60057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A mutant with abnormal hull was first discovered from a twin-seedling strain W2555 in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The mutant had sparse branches and decreased number of florets from the base to the peak. Frequently, the florets at the top of the panicle did not develop completely. The underdeveloped florets often showed slender and white in their life cycle. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant traits were controlled by a single recessive gene (temporarily designated as ah). ah gene controlled the development of inflorescence meristem and the flower organ. The florets of mutant showed degenerated lemma and palea. Stamens and lodicules were homeoticly transformed into pistils and palea/lemma-like structures, respectively. It seemed that ah mutant phenotypes of the homeotic conversions in lodicules and stamens were very similar to that of the B loss-of-function spw1 gene reported previously in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfang Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
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Dwivedi S, Perotti E, Ortiz R. Towards molecular breeding of reproductive traits in cereal crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2008; 6:529-559. [PMID: 18507792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, flowering per se, floral organ development, panicle structure and morphology, meiosis, pollination and fertilization, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and fertility restoration, and grain development are the main reproductive traits. Unlocking their genetic insights will enable plant breeders to manipulate these traits in cereal germplasm enhancement. Multiple genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting flowering (phase transition, photoperiod and vernalization, flowering per se), panicle morphology and grain development have been cloned, and gene expression research has provided new information about the nature of complex genetic networks involved in the expression of these traits. Molecular biology is also facilitating the identification of diverse CMS sources in hybrid breeding. Few Rf (fertility restorer) genes have been cloned in maize, rice and sorghum. DNA markers are now used to assess the genetic purity of hybrids and their parental lines, and to pyramid Rf or tms (thermosensitive male sterility) genes in rice. Transgene(s) can be used to create de novo CMS trait in cereals. The understanding of reproductive biology facilitated by functional genomics will allow a better manipulation of genes by crop breeders and their potential use across species through genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangam Dwivedi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Chanderbali AS, Albert VA, Ashworth VETM, Clegg MT, Litz RE, Soltis DE, Soltis PS. Persea americana (avocado): bringing ancient flowers to fruit in the genomics era. Bioessays 2008; 30:386-96. [PMID: 18348249 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The avocado (Persea americana) is a major crop commodity worldwide. Moreover, avocado, a paleopolyploid, is an evolutionary "outpost" among flowering plants, representing a basal lineage (the magnoliid clade) near the origin of the flowering plants themselves. Following centuries of selective breeding, avocado germplasm has been characterized at the level of microsatellite and RFLP markers. Nonetheless, little is known beyond these general diversity estimates, and much work remains to be done to develop avocado as a major subtropical-zone crop. Among the goals of avocado improvement are to develop varieties with fruit that will "store" better on the tree, show uniform ripening and have better post-harvest storage. Avocado transcriptome sequencing, genome mapping and partial genomic sequencing will represent a major step toward the goal of sequencing the entire avocado genome, which is expected to aid in improving avocado varieties and production, as well as understanding the evolution of flowers from non-flowering seed plants (gymnosperms). Additionally, continued evolutionary and other comparative studies of flower and fruit development in different avocado strains can be accomplished at the gene expression level, including in comparison with avocado relatives, and these should provide important insights into the genetic regulation of fruit development in basal angiosperms.
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Yoshida H, Itoh JI, Ohmori S, Miyoshi K, Horigome A, Uchida E, Kimizu M, Matsumura Y, Kusaba M, Satoh H, Nagato Y. superwoman1-cleistogamy, a hopeful allele for gene containment in GM rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2007; 5:835-46. [PMID: 17764519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cleistogamy is an efficient strategy for preventing gene flow from genetically modified (GM) crops. We identified a cleistogamous mutant of rice harbouring a missense mutation (the 45th residue isoleucine to threonine; I45T) in the class-B MADS-box gene SUPERWOMAN1 (SPW1), which specifies the identities of lodicules (equivalent to petals) and stamens. In the mutant, spw1-cls, the stamens are normal, but the lodicules are transformed homeotically to lodicule-glume mosaic organs, thereby engendering cleistogamy. Since this mutation does not affect other agronomic traits, it can be used in crosses to produce transgenic lines that do not cause environmental perturbation. Molecular analysis revealed that the reduced heterodimerization ability of SPW1(I45T) with its counterpart class-B proteins OsMADS2 and OsMADS4 caused altered lodicule identity. spw1-cls is the first useful mutant for practical gene containment in GM rice. Cleistogamy is possible in many cereals by engineering class-B floral homeotic genes and thereby inducing lodicule identity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Yoshida
- Hokuriku Research Center, National Agricultural Research Center, Niigata 943-0193, Japan.
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Arora R, Agarwal P, Ray S, Singh AK, Singh VP, Tyagi AK, Kapoor S. MADS-box gene family in rice: genome-wide identification, organization and expression profiling during reproductive development and stress. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:242. [PMID: 17640358 PMCID: PMC1947970 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MADS-box transcription factors, besides being involved in floral organ specification, have also been implicated in several aspects of plant growth and development. In recent years, there have been reports on genomic localization, protein motif structure, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure and expression of the entire MADS-box family in the model plant system, Arabidopsis. Though there have been some studies in rice as well, an analysis of the complete MADS-box family along with a comprehensive expression profiling was still awaited after the completion of rice genome sequencing. Furthermore, owing to the role of MADS-box family in flower development, an analysis involving structure, expression and functional aspects of MADS-box genes in rice and Arabidopsis was required to understand the role of this gene family in reproductive development. Results A genome-wide molecular characterization and microarray-based expression profiling of the genes encoding MADS-box transcription factor family in rice is presented. Using a thorough annotation exercise, 75 MADS-box genes have been identified in rice and categorized into MIKCc, MIKC*, Mα, Mβ and Mγ groups based on phylogeny. Chromosomal localization of these genes reveals that 16 MADS-box genes, mostly MIKCc-type, are located within the duplicated segments of the rice genome, whereas most of the M-type genes, 20 in all, seem to have resulted from tandem duplications. Nine members belonging to the Mβ group, which was considered absent in monocots, have also been identified. The expression profiles of all the MADS-box genes have been analyzed under 11 temporal stages of panicle and seed development, three abiotic stress conditions, along with three stages of vegetative development. Transcripts for 31 genes accumulate preferentially in the reproductive phase, of which, 12 genes are specifically expressed in seeds, and six genes show expression specific to panicle development. Differential expression of seven genes under stress conditions is also evident. An attempt has been made to gain insight into plausible functions of rice MADS-box genes by collating the expression data of functionally validated genes in rice and Arabidopsis. Conclusion Only a limited number of MADS genes have been functionally validated in rice. A comprehensive annotation and transcriptome profiling undertaken in this investigation adds to our understanding of the involvement of MADS-box family genes during reproductive development and stress in rice and also provides the basis for selection of candidate genes for functional validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Arora
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | - Swatismita Ray
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
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Luo H, Li Y, Yang Z, Zhong B, Xie R, Ren M, Luo D, He G. Fine mapping of a pistilloid-stamen (PS) gene on the short arm of chromosome 1 in rice. Genome 2007; 49:1016-22. [PMID: 17036076 DOI: 10.1139/g06-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel floral organ mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica), termed pistilloid-stamen (ps) here, has flowers with degenerated lemma and palea, with some stamens transformed into pistils and pistil-stamen chimeras. Genetic analysis confirmed that the ps trait is controlled by a single recessive gene. F2 and F3 segregation populations derived from PS ps heterozygote crossed with Oryza sativa subsp. indica 'Luhui-17' (PS PS) were used for molecular mapping of the gene using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. With 97 recessive individuals from an F2 segregation population, the ps locus was preliminarily mapped 6.2 cM distal to marker RM6324 and 3.1 cM proximal to marker RM6340 in the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 1. With a large F3 segregation population, the gene was fine-mapped between markers RM6470 and RM1141, at distances of 0.10 and 0.03 cM to each marker, respectively. The position of the ps gene was finally located within a 20 kb physical region containing 3 annotated putative genes. One of them, encoding a protein with a single C2H2 zinc-finger domain, may be the candidate gene for PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfa Luo
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
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Xu Y, Teo LL, Zhou J, Kumar PP, Yu H. Floral organ identity genes in the orchid Dendrobium crumenatum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 46:54-68. [PMID: 16553895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Orchids are members of Orchidaceae, one of the largest families in the flowering plants. Among the angiosperms, orchids are unique in their floral patterning, particularly in floral structures and organ identity. The ABCDE model was proposed as a general model to explain flower development in diverse plant groups, however the extent to which this model is applicable to orchids is still unknown. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying orchid flower development, we isolated candidates for A, B, C, D and E function genes from Dendrobium crumenatum. These include AP2-, PI/GLO-, AP3/DEF-, AG- and SEP-like genes. The expression profiles of these genes exhibited different patterns from their Arabidopsis orthologs in floral patterning. Functional studies showed that DcOPI and DcOAG1 could replace the functions of PI and AG in Arabidopsis, respectively. By using chimeric repressor silencing technology, DcOAP3A was found to be another putative B function gene. Yeast two-hybrid analysis demonstrated that DcOAP3A/B and DcOPI could form heterodimers. These heterodimers could further interact with DcOSEP to form higher protein complexes, similar to their orthologs in eudicots. Our findings suggested that there is partial conservation in the B and C function genes between Arabidopsis and orchid. However, gene duplication might have led to the divergence in gene expression and regulation, possibly followed by functional divergence, resulting in the unique floral ontogeny in orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore
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Yamaguchi T, Lee DY, Miyao A, Hirochika H, An G, Hirano HY. Functional diversification of the two C-class MADS box genes OSMADS3 and OSMADS58 in Oryza sativa. THE PLANT CELL 2006; 18:15-28. [PMID: 16326928 PMCID: PMC1323481 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.037200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The C-class MADS box gene AGAMOUS (AG) plays crucial roles in Arabidopsis thaliana development by regulating the organ identity of stamens and carpels, the repression of A-class genes, and floral meristem determinacy. To examine the conservation and diversification of C-class gene function in monocots, we analyzed two C-class genes in rice (Oryza sativa), OSMADS3 and OSMADS58, which may have arisen by gene duplication before divergence of rice and maize (Zea mays). A knockout line of OSMADS3, in which the gene is disrupted by T-DNA insertion, shows homeotic transformation of stamens into lodicules and ectopic development of lodicules in the second whorl near the palea where lodicules do not form in the wild type but carpels develop almost normally. By contrast, RNA-silenced lines of OSMADS58 develop astonishing flowers that reiterate a set of floral organs, including lodicules, stamens, and carpel-like organs, suggesting that determinacy of the floral meristem is severely affected. These results suggest that the two C-class genes have been partially subfunctionalized during rice evolution (i.e., the functions regulated by AG have been partially partitioned into two paralogous genes, OSMADS3 and OSMADS58, which were produced by a recent gene duplication event in plant evolution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dong Yeon Lee
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Akio Miyao
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
| | - Hikohiko Hirochika
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
| | - Gynheung An
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail ; fax 81-3-5841-4056
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Skipper M, Johansen LB, Pedersen KB, Frederiksen S, Johansen BB. Cloning and transcription analysis of an AGAMOUS- and SEEDSTICK ortholog in the orchid Dendrobium thyrsiflorum (Reichb. f.). Gene 2005; 366:266-74. [PMID: 16236468 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that several plant species possess AGAMOUS (AG) and SEEDSTICK (STK) orthologs. These genes are part of the so-called C- and D MADS-box gene lineages and play key roles in ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana. We have cloned an AG- and STK ortholog in the orchid Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, named DthyrAG1 and DthyrAG2, respectively, and analyzed their expression patterns. Quantification by real-time RT-PCR analysis shows that both are transcribed in the mature flowers and during ovule development. Localization of the transcripts by in situ hybridization analysis in flowers reveals that both genes are transcribed in the rostellum, stigma, and stylar canal. Expression analysis during ovule development shows that DthyrAG1 is expressed only in the initial periods of placenta- and ovule development, whereas the DthyrAG2 is transcribed throughout ovule development. These results suggest that both C- and D lineage orthologs are involved in various aspects of flower development and that DthyrAG2 have a more prominent role than DthyrAG1 in late ovule development in D. thyrsiflorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Skipper
- Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 140, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Agrawal GK, Abe K, Yamazaki M, Miyao A, Hirochika H. Conservation of the E-function for floral organ identity in rice revealed by the analysis of tissue culture-induced loss-of-function mutants of the OsMADS1 gene. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 59:125-35. [PMID: 16217607 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-2161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in studies on flower development has resulted in refining the classical 'ABC model' into a new 'ABCDE model' to explain properly the regulation of floral organ identity. Conservation of E-function for flower organ identity among the dicotyledonous (dicot) plants has been revealed. However, its conservation in monocotyledonous (monocot) plants remains largely unknown. Here, we show the conservation of E-function in rice (Oryza sativaL.) by characterizing tissue culture-induced mutants of two MADS-box genes, OsMADS1and OsMADS5, which form a subclade within the well-supported clade of SEP-genes (E-function) phylogeny. Severe loss-of-function mutations of OsMADS1cause complete homeotic conversion of organs (lodicules, stamens, and carpels) of three inner whorls into lemma- and palea-like structures. Such basic deformed structure is reiterated along with the pedicel at the center of the same floret, indicating the loss of determinacy of the flower meristem. These phenotypes resemble the phenotypes caused by mutations of the dicot E-class genes, such as the Arabidopsis SEP123(SEPALLATA1/2/3) and the petunia FBP2(Floral Binding Protein 2), suggesting that OsMADS1play a very similar role in rice to that of defined E-class genes in dicot plants. In case of the loss-of-function mutation of OsMADS5, no defect in either panicles or vegetative organs was observed. These results demonstrate that OsMADS1clearly possesses E-function, and so, E-function is fundamentally conserved between dicot plants and rice, a monocot model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory (PFGL), Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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48
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Prasad K, Parameswaran S, Vijayraghavan U. OsMADS1, a rice MADS-box factor, controls differentiation of specific cell types in the lemma and palea and is an early-acting regulator of inner floral organs. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 43:915-28. [PMID: 16146529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Grass flowers are highly derived compared to their eudicot counterparts. To delineate OsMADS1 functions in rice floret organ development we have examined its evolution and the consequences of its knockdown or overexpression. Molecular phylogeny suggests the co-evolution of OsMADS1 with grass family diversification. OsMADS1 knockdown perturbs the differentiation of specific cell types in the lemma and palea, creating glume-like features, with severe derangements in lemma differentiation. Conversely, ectopic OsMADS1 expression suffices to direct lemma-like differentiation in the glume. Strikingly, in many OsMADS1 knockdown florets glume-like organs occupy all the inner whorls. Such effects in the second and third whorl are unexplained, as wild-type florets do not express OsMADS1 in these primordia and because transcripts for rice B and C organ-identity genes are unaffected by OsMADS1 knockdown. Through a screen for OsMADS1 targets we identify a flower-specific Nt-gh3 type gene, OsMGH3, as a downstream gene. The delayed transcription activation of OsMGH3 by dexamethasone-inducible OsMADS1 suggests indirect activation. The OsMGH3 floret expression profile suggests a novel role for OsMADS1 as an early-acting regulator of second and third whorl organ fate. We thus demonstrate the differential contribution of OsMADS1 for lemma versus palea development and provide evidence for its regulatory function in patterning inner whorl organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalika Prasad
- Department of MCB, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Kurata N, Miyoshi K, Nonomura KI, Yamazaki Y, Ito Y. Rice mutants and genes related to organ development, morphogenesis and physiological traits. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 46:48-62. [PMID: 15659430 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic studies and the sequenced genome information have made it possible to utilize phenotypic mutants for characterizing relevant genes at the molecular level and reveal their functions. Various mutants and strains expressing phenotypic and physiological variations provide an indispensable source for functional analysis of genes. In this review, we cover almost all of the rice mutants found to date and the variant strains that are important in developmental, physiological and agronomical studies. Mutants and genes showing defects in vegetative organs, i.e. leaf, culm and root, inflorescence reproductive organ and seeds with an embryo and endosperm are described with regards to their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. A variety of alleles detected by quantitative trait locus analysis, such as heading date, disease/insect resistance and stress tolerance, are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Kurata
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan.
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50
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Bommert P, Satoh-Nagasawa N, Jackson D, Hirano HY. Genetics and evolution of inflorescence and flower development in grasses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 46:69-78. [PMID: 15659432 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflorescences and flowers in the grass species have characteristic structures that are distinct from those in eudicots. Owing to the availability of genetic tools and their genome sequences, rice and maize have become model plants for the grasses and for the monocots in general. Recent studies have provided much insight into the genetic control of inflorescence and flower development in grasses, especially in rice and maize. Progress in elucidating the developmental mechanisms in each of these plants may contribute greatly to our understanding of the evolution of development in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bommert
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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