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Wang X, Wang J, Liu Z, Yang X, Chen X, Zhang L, Song X. The R2R3 MYB gene TaMYB305 positively regulates anther and pollen development in thermo-sensitive male-sterility wheat with Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm. PLANTA 2024; 259:64. [PMID: 38329576 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The loss of TaMYB305 function down-regulated the expression of jasmonic acid synthesis pathway genes, which may disturb the jasmonic acid synthesis, resulting in abnormal pollen development and reduced fertility. The MYB family, as one of the largest transcription factor families found in plants, regulates plant development, especially the development of anthers. Therefore, it is important to identify potential MYB transcription factors associated with pollen development and to study its role in pollen development. Here, the transcripts of an R2R3 MYB gene TaMYB305 from KTM3315A, a thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterility line with Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm (K-TCMS) wheat, was isolated. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and promoter activity analysis revealed that TaMYB305 was primarily expressed in anthers. The TaMYB305 protein was localized in the nucleus, as determined by subcellular localization analysis. Our data demonstrated that silencing of TaMYB305 was related to abnormal development of stamen, including anther indehiscence and pollen abortion in KAM3315A plants. In addition, TaMYB305-silenced plants exhibited alterations in the transcriptional levels of genes involved in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), indicating that TaMYB305 may regulate the expression of genes related to JA synthesis and play an important role during anther and pollen development of KTM3315A. These results provide novel insight into the function and molecular mechanism of R2R3-MYB genes in pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingchen Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianning Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiyue Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Zhang Z, Sun M, Xiong T, Ye F, Zhao Z. Development and genetic regulation of pollen intine in Arabidopsis and rice. Gene 2024; 893:147936. [PMID: 38381507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Pollen intine serves as a protective layer situated between the pollen exine and the plasma membrane. It performs essential functions during pollen development, including maintaining the morphological structure of the pollen, preventing the loss of pollen contents, and facilitating pollen germination. The formation of the intine layer commences at the bicellular pollen stage. Pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and structural proteins are the key constituents of the pollen intine. In Arabidopsis and rice, numerous regulatory factors associated with polysaccharide metabolism and material transport have been identified, which regulate intine development. In this review, we elucidate the developmental processes of the pollen wall and provide a concise summary of the research advancements in the development and genetic regulation of the pollen intine in Arabidopsis and rice. A comprehensive understanding of intine development and regulation is crucial for unraveling the genetic network underlying intine development in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibao Zhang
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengke Sun
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Fan Ye
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
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3
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Le Lievre L, Chakkatu SP, Varghese S, Day RC, Pilkington SM, Brownfield L. RNA-seq analysis of synchronized developing pollen isolated from a single anther. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1121570. [PMID: 37077645 PMCID: PMC10106640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development, from unicellular microspores to anthesis, is a complex process involving the coordinated specification, differentiation and functions of different cell types. Key to understanding this development is identifying the genes expressed at precise stages of development. However, transcriptomic studies on pollen prior to anthesis are complicated by the inaccessible nature of pollen developing in the anther and the resistant pollen wall. To assist with understanding gene expression during pollen development we have developed a protocol to perform RNA-Seq on pollen isolated from a single anther (SA RNA-Seq). The protocol involves removing pollen from a single anther for analysis and viewing the remaining pollen to determine the developmental stage. The isolated pollen is chemically lysed and mRNA isolated from the lysate using an oligo-dT column before library preparation. Here, we report on the development and testing of our method and the generation of a transcriptome for three stages of pollen development from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and two stages from male kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). This protocol enables the transcriptome of precise developmental stages of pollen to be analyzed, and uses a small number of plants, potentially facilitating studies that require a range of treatments or the analysis of the first generation of transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Le Lievre
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Shiny Varghese
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert C. Day
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M. Pilkington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lynette Brownfield
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Lynette Brownfield,
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4
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Zerpa-Catanho D, Clough SJ, Ming R. Characterization and analysis of the promoter region of monodehydroascorbate reductase 4 (CpMDAR4) in papaya. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:233-264. [PMID: 35920937 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Differential spatial and temporal expression patterns due to regulatory cis-elements and two different isoforms are detected among CpMDAR4 alleles in papaya. The aim of this research was to study the effects of cis-element differences between the X, Y and Yh alleles on the expression of CpMDAR4, a potential candidate gene for sex differentiation in papaya, using a transcriptional reporter system in a model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Possible effects of a retrotransposon insertion in the Y and Yh alleles on the transcription and expression of CpMDAR4 alleles in papaya flowers were also examined. When comparing promoters and cis-regulatory elements among genes in the non-recombining region of the sex chromosomes, paired genes exhibited differences. Our results showed that differences in the promoter sequences of the CpMDAR4 alleles drove the expression of a reporter gene to different flower tissues in Arabidopsis. β-glucuronidase staining analysis of T2 and T3 lines for constructs containing 5' deletions of native Y and Yh allele promoters showed the loss of specific expression of the reporter gene in the anthers, confirming the existence and location of cis-regulatory element POLLEN1LELAT52. The expression analysis of CpMDAR4 alleles in papaya flowers also showed that all alleles are actively expressed in different flower tissues, with the existence of a shorter truncated isoform, with unknown function, for the Y and Yh alleles due to an LTR-RT insertion in the Y and Yh chromosomes. The observed expression patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana flowers and the expression patterns of CpMDAR4 alleles in papaya flowers suggest that MDAR4 might have a role on development of reproductive organs in papaya, and that it constitutes an important candidate for sex differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J Clough
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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5
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Liu X, Deng H, Lu X, Tang W, Zhang G. Comparative Analysis of Heat-Tolerant and Heat-Susceptible Rice Highlights the Role of OsNCED1 Gene in Heat Stress Tolerance. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081062. [PMID: 35448790 PMCID: PMC9026844 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism underlying the response of rice to heat stress (HS), the transcriptome profile of panicles was comparatively analyzed between the heat-tolerant line 252 (HTL252) and heat-susceptible line 082 (HSL082), two rice recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Our differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis revealed that the DEGs are mainly associated with protein binding, catalysis, stress response, and cellular process. The MapMan analysis demonstrated that the heat-responsive (HR) genes for heat shock proteins, transcription factors, development, and phytohormones are specifically induced in HTL252 under HS. Based on the DEG analysis, the key gene OsNCED1 (Os02g0704000), which was induced under HS, was selected for further functional validation. Moreover, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the ABA biosynthetic pathway. Overexpression of OsNCED1 improved the HS tolerance of rice at the heading and flowering stage. OsNCED1-overexpression plants exhibited significant increases in pollen viability, seed setting rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, while significantly lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content relative to the wild type (WT). These results suggested that OsNCED1 overexpression can improve the heat tolerance of rice by enhancing the antioxidant capacity. Overall, this study lays a foundation for revealing the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the response of rice to prolonged HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yijin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huabing Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xuedan Lu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenbang Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guilian Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (G.Z.)
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6
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Liu J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Zhang Q, Shen Y, Jiang W, Chen X, He H, Hu L. Cytological Analysis and Fine Mapping of paa1 (Post-meiosis Abnormal Anther 1) Mutant with Abnormal Tapetum and Microspore Development. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2268-2285. [PMID: 35325440 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To further understand the molecular mechanism for rice male reproduction, a rice male sterile mutant paa1 was screened from the rice mutant library generated by treatment with 60Coγ-rays. Genetic analysis revealed that paa1 is controlled by a single- recessive nuclear gene, and the anthers of the paa1 mutant were smaller than those of WT plants with a white color. Histological analysis demonstrated that the anthers of the paa1 mutant began to turn abnormal at the microspore stage after meiosis, with abnormal degradation of tapetum, deformed Ubisch bodies, and defective pollen exine. TUNEL assay results also confirmed the delay of tapetum PCD in paa1. Map-based cloning was performed for the PAA1 location. As a result, PAA1 was located in a 88-kb region at the end of chromosome 10, which comprises a total of seven candidate genes, and no genes related to anther development have been reported in this region. The results indicate that PAA1 is an essential gene in regulating tapetum development and pollen/microspore formation after rice meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.,College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yaqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wenxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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7
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Kubo T, Yoshimura A, Kurata N. Loss of OsEAF6, a Subunit of the Histone Acetyltransferase Complex, Causes Hybrid Breakdown in Intersubspecific Rice Crosses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866404. [PMID: 35350298 PMCID: PMC8957887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene duplication plays an important role in genetic diversification, adaptive evolution, and speciation. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of postzygotic isolation genes is important for further studies of speciation and crop breeding. The duplicate recessive genes hwe1 and hwe2 cause hybrid breakdown, characterized by poor vegetative growth and reproductive dysgenesis in intersubspecific crosses between Oryza sativa ssp. indica and japonica. Using a map-based cloning strategy, we found that HWE1 and HWE2 encode the Esa1-associated factor 6 (EAF6) protein, a component of histone acetyltransferase complexes. The indica hwe1 and japonica hwe2 alleles lacked functional EAF6, demonstrating that the double recessive homozygote causes hybrid breakdown. Morphological and physiological observations showed that weak plants with double recessive homozygotes had serious morphological defects with a wide range of effects on development and organs, leading to leaves with reduced chlorophyll content, flower and pistil malformation, and anomalies of gametogenesis. These findings suggest that EAF6 plays a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of essential genes during the vegetative and reproductive development of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Kubo
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimura
- Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nori Kurata
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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8
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Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Shi J, Zhang D. OsGAMYBL2 is required for pollen maturation and germination in rice. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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9
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Vannozzi A, Palumbo F, Magon G, Lucchin M, Barcaccia G. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) floral transcriptome in Pinot noir variety: identification of tissue-related gene networks and whorl-specific markers in pre- and post-anthesis phases. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:200. [PMID: 34465729 PMCID: PMC8408131 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The comprehension of molecular processes underlying the development and progression of flowering in plants is a hot topic, not only because that often the products of interest for human and animal nutrition are linked to the development of fruits or seeds, but also because the processes of gametes formation occurring in sexual organs are at the basis of recombination and genetic variability which constitutes the matter on which evolution acts, whether understood as natural or human driven. In the present study, we used an NGS approach to produce a grapevine flower transcriptome snapshot in different whorls and tissues including calyx, calyptra, filament, anther, stigma, ovary, and embryo in both pre- and post-anthesis phases. Our investigation aimed at identifying hub genes that unequivocally distinguish the different tissues providing insights into the molecular mechanisms that are at the basis of floral whorls and tissue development. To this end we have used different analytical approaches, some now consolidated in transcriptomic studies on plants, such as pairwise comparison and weighted-gene coexpression network analysis, others used mainly in studies on animals or human's genomics, such as the tau (τ) analysis aimed at isolating highly and absolutely tissue-specific genes. The intersection of data obtained by these analyses allowed us to gradually narrow the field, providing evidence about the molecular mechanisms occurring in those whorls directly involved in reproductive processes, such as anther and stigma, and giving insights into the role of other whorls not directly related to reproduction, such as calyptra and calyx. We believe this work could represent an important genomic resource for functional analyses of grapevine floral organ growth and fruit development shading light on molecular networks underlying grapevine reproductive organ determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Palumbo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Margherita Lucchin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Barcaccia
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, V. le dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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10
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Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:4246. [PMID: 33608605 PMCID: PMC7895920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Castor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of unisexual flower development, sex reversions and sex variations in castor, using various genotypes with distinct sex expression pattern. Male and female flowers had 8 and 12 developmental stages respectively, were morphologically similar till stage 4, with an intermediate bisexual state and were intermediate between type 1 and type 2 flowers. Pistil abortion was earlier than stamen inhibition. Sex alterations occurred at floral and inflorescence level. While sex-reversion was unidirectional towards maleness via bisexual stage, at high day temperatures (Tmax > 38 °C), femaleness was restored with subsequent drop in temperatures. Temperature existing for 2–3 weeks during floral meristem development, influences sexuality of the flower. We report for first time that unisexuality is preceded by bisexuality in castor flowers which alters with genotype and temperature, and sex reversions as well as high sexual polymorphisms in castor are due to alterations in floral developmental pathways. Differentially expressed (male-abundant or male-specific) genes Short chain dehydrogenase reductase 2a (SDR) and WUSCHEL are possibly involved in sex determination of castor.
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11
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Barakate A, Orr J, Schreiber M, Colas I, Lewandowska D, McCallum N, Macaulay M, Morris J, Arrieta M, Hedley PE, Ramsay L, Waugh R. Barley Anther and Meiocyte Transcriptome Dynamics in Meiotic Prophase I. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:619404. [PMID: 33510760 PMCID: PMC7835676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.619404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, successful germinal cell development and meiotic recombination depend upon a combination of environmental and genetic factors. To gain insights into this specialized reproductive development program we used short- and long-read RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to study the temporal dynamics of transcript abundance in immuno-cytologically staged barley (Hordeum vulgare) anthers and meiocytes. We show that the most significant transcriptional changes in anthers occur at the transition from pre-meiosis to leptotene-zygotene, which is followed by increasingly stable transcript abundance throughout prophase I into metaphase I-tetrad. Our analysis reveals that the pre-meiotic anthers are enriched in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and that entry to meiosis is characterized by their robust and significant down regulation. Intriguingly, only 24% of a collection of putative meiotic gene orthologs showed differential transcript abundance in at least one stage or tissue comparison. Argonautes, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and lys48 specific de-ubiquitinating enzymes were enriched in prophase I meiocyte samples. These developmental, time-resolved transcriptomes demonstrate remarkable stability in transcript abundance in meiocytes throughout prophase I after the initial and substantial reprogramming at meiosis entry and the complexity of the regulatory networks involved in early meiotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Barakate
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Orr
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Schreiber
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Colas
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola McCallum
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Macaulay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Mikel Arrieta
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Ramsay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Agriculture and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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12
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Dhaka N, Krishnan K, Kandpal M, Vashisht I, Pal M, Sharma MK, Sharma R. Transcriptional trajectories of anther development provide candidates for engineering male fertility in sorghum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:897. [PMID: 31964983 PMCID: PMC6972786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is a self-pollinated crop with multiple economic uses as cereal, forage, and biofuel feedstock. Hybrid breeding is a cornerstone for sorghum improvement strategies that currently relies on cytoplasmic male sterile lines. To engineer genic male sterility, it is imperative to examine the genetic components regulating anther/pollen development in sorghum. To this end, we have performed transcriptomic analysis from three temporal stages of developing anthers that correspond to meiotic, microspore and mature pollen stages. A total of 5286 genes were differentially regulated among the three anther stages with 890 of them exhibiting anther-preferential expression. Differentially expressed genes could be clubbed into seven distinct developmental trajectories using K-means clustering. Pathway mapping revealed that genes involved in cell cycle, DNA repair, regulation of transcription, brassinosteroid and auxin biosynthesis/signalling exhibit peak expression in meiotic anthers, while those regulating abiotic stress, carbohydrate metabolism, and transport were enriched in microspore stage. Conversely, genes associated with protein degradation, post-translational modifications, cell wall biosynthesis/modifications, abscisic acid, ethylene, cytokinin and jasmonic acid biosynthesis/signalling were highly expressed in mature pollen stage. High concurrence in transcriptional dynamics and cis-regulatory elements of differentially expressed genes in rice and sorghum confirmed conserved developmental pathways regulating anther development across species. Comprehensive literature survey in conjunction with orthology analysis and anther-preferential accumulation enabled shortlisting of 21 prospective candidates for in-depth characterization and engineering male fertility in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dhaka
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kushagra Krishnan
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manu Kandpal
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ira Vashisht
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sharma
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rita Sharma
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Hanamata S, Sawada J, Ono S, Ogawa K, Fukunaga T, Nonomura K, Kimura S, Kurusu T, Kuchitsu K. Impact of Autophagy on Gene Expression and Tapetal Programmed Cell Death During Pollen Development in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:172. [PMID: 32210988 PMCID: PMC7068715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has recently been shown to be required for tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and pollen maturation in rice. A transcriptional regulatory network is also known to play a key role in the progression of tapetal PCD. However, the relationship between the gene regulatory network and autophagy in rice anther development is mostly unknown. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the effect of autophagy disruption on gene expression profile during the tapetal PCD in rice anther development using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Expression of thousands of genes, including specific transcription factors and several proteases required for tapetal degradation, fluctuated synchronously at specific stages during tapetal PCD progression in the wild-type anthers, while this fluctuation showed significant delay in the autophagy-deficient mutant Osatg7-1. Moreover, gene ontology enrichment analysis in combination with self-organizing map clustering as well as pathway analysis revealed that the expression patterns of a variety of organelle-related genes as well as genes involved in carbohydrate/lipid metabolism were affected in the Osatg7-1 mutant during pollen maturation. These results suggest that autophagy is required for proper regulation of gene expression and quality control of organelles and timely progression of tapetal PCD during rice pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Hanamata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jumpei Sawada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Seijiro Ono
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Togo Fukunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ken–Ichi Nonomura
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takamitsu Kurusu, ; Kazuyuki Kuchitsu,
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takamitsu Kurusu, ; Kazuyuki Kuchitsu,
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Apriana A, Sisharmini A, Aswidinnoor H, Trijatmiko KR, Sudarsono S. Promoter deletion analysis reveals root-specific expression of the alkenal reductase gene (OsAER1) in Oryza sativa. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:376-391. [PMID: 32172746 DOI: 10.1071/fp18237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root-specific promoters are useful in plant genetic engineering, primarily to improve water and nutrient absorption. The aim of this study was to clone and characterise the promoter of the Oryza sativa L. alkenal reductase (OsAER1) gene encoding 2-alkenal reductase, an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase. Expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the root-specific expression of the OsAER1 gene. Subsequently, a 3082-bp fragment of the OsAER1 promoter was isolated from a local Indonesian rice cultivar, Awan Kuning. Sequencing and further nucleotide sequence analysis of the 3082-bp promoter fragment (PA-5) revealed the presence of at least 10 root-specific cis-regulatory elements putatively responsible for OsAER1 root-specific expression. Using the 3082-bp promoter fragment to drive the expression of the GUS reporter transgene confirmed that the OsAER1 promoter is root-specific. Further, the analysis indicated that OsAER1 promoter activity was absent in leaves, petioles and shoots during sprouting, vegetative, booting and generative stages of rice development. In contrast, the promoter activity was present in anthers and aleurone layers of immature seeds 7-20 days after anthesis. Moreover, there was no promoter activity observed in the aleurone layers of mature seeds. The OsAER1 promoter activity is induced by Al-toxicity, NaCl and submergence stresses, indicating the OsAER1 promoter activity is induced by those stresses. Exogenous treatments of transgenic plants carrying the PA-5 promoter construct with abscisic acid and indoleacetic acid also induced expression of the GUS reporter transgene, indicating the role of plant growth regulators in controlling OsAER1 promoter activity. Promoter deletion analysis was conducted to identify the cis-acting elements of the promoter responsible for controlling root-specific expression. The GUS reporter gene was fused with various deletion fragments of the OsAER1 promoter and the resulting constructs were transformed in rice plants to generate transgenic plants. The results of this analysis indicated that cis-acting elements controlling root-specific expression are located between -1562 to -1026bp of the OsAER1 CDS. Here we discusses the results of the conducted analyses, the possible role of OsAER1 in rice growth and development, possible contributions and the potential usage of these findings in future plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniversari Apriana
- PMB Lab, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Raya Ciampea, Bogor, Indonesia; and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Jalan Tentara Pelajar 3A, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Atmitri Sisharmini
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Jalan Tentara Pelajar 3A, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hajrial Aswidinnoor
- PMB Lab, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Raya Ciampea, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Kurniawan R Trijatmiko
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Jalan Tentara Pelajar 3A, Bogor, Indonesia; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Sudarsono Sudarsono
- PMB Lab, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Raya Ciampea, Bogor, Indonesia; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
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Shunmugam ASK, Bollina V, Dukowic-Schulze S, Bhowmik PK, Ambrose C, Higgins JD, Pozniak C, Sharpe AG, Rozwadowski K, Kagale S. MeioCapture: an efficient method for staging and isolation of meiocytes in the prophase I sub-stages of meiosis in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:293. [PMID: 30463507 PMCID: PMC6249822 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular analysis of meiosis has been hindered by difficulties in isolating high purity subpopulations of sporogenous cells representing the succeeding stages of meiosis. Isolation of purified male meiocytes from defined meiotic stages is crucial in discovering meiosis specific genes and associated regulatory networks. RESULTS We describe an optimized method termed MeioCapture for simultaneous isolation of uncontaminated male meiocytes from wheat (Triticum spp.), specifically from the pre-meiotic G2 and the five sub-stages of meiotic prophase I. The MeioCapture protocol builds on the traditional anther squash technique and the capillary collection method, and involves extrusion of intact sporogenous archesporial columns (SACs) containing meiocytes. This improved method exploits the natural meiotic synchrony between anthers of the same floret, the correlation between the length of anthers and meiotic stage, and the occurrence of meiocytes in intact SACs largely free of somatic cells. The main advantage of MeioCapture, compared to previous methods, is that it allows simultaneous collection of meiocytes from different sub-stages of prophase I at a very high level of purity, through correlation of stages with anther sizes. A detailed description is provided for all steps, including the collection of tissue, isolation and size sorting of anthers, extrusion of intact SACs, and staging of meiocytes. Precautions for individual steps throughout the procedure are also provided to facilitate efficient isolation of pure meiocytes. The proof-of-concept was successfully established in wheat, and a light microscopic atlas of meiosis, encompassing all stages from pre-meiosis to telophase II, was developed. CONCLUSION The MeioCapture method provides an essential technique to study the molecular basis of chromosome pairing and exchange of genetic information in wheat, leading to strategies for manipulating meiotic recombination frequencies. The method also provides a foundation for similar studies in other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chris Ambrose
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - James D. Higgins
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Sharpe
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK Canada
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Yue Y, Tian S, Wang Y, Ma H, Liu S, Wang Y, Hu H. Transcriptomic and GC-MS Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Sink Strength Changes during Petunia Anther Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040955. [PMID: 29570614 PMCID: PMC5979359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Petunia, which has been prevalently cultivated in landscaping, is a dicotyledonous herbaceous flower of high ornamental value. Annually, there is a massive worldwide market demand for petunia seeds. The normal development of anther is the necessary prerequisite for the plants to generate seeds. However, the knowledge of petunia anther development processes is still limited. To better understand the mechanisms of petunia anther development, the transcriptomes and metabolomes of petunia anthers at three typical development stages were constructed and then used to detect the gene expression patterns and primary metabolite profiles during the anther development processes. Results suggested that there were many differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) that mainly participated in photosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism when DEGs were compared between the different development stages of anthers. In this study, fructose and glucose, which were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, were taken as the most important metabolites by partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). Additionally, the qRT-PCR analysis of the photosynthetic-related genes all showed decreased expression trends along with the anther development. These pieces of evidence indicated that the activities of energy and carbohydrate metabolic pathways were gradually reduced during all the development stages of anther, which affects the sink strength. Overall, this work provides a novel and comprehensive understanding of the metabolic processes in petunia anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shaoze Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Huirong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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17
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Chen ZS, Liu XF, Wang DH, Chen R, Zhang XL, Xu ZH, Bai SN. Transcription Factor OsTGA10 Is a Target of the MADS Protein OsMADS8 and Is Required for Tapetum Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:819-835. [PMID: 29158333 PMCID: PMC5761795 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at elucidating regulatory components behind floral organ identity determination and tissue development. It remains unclear how organ identity proteins facilitate development of organ primordia into tissues with a determined identity, even though it has long been accepted that floral organ identity is genetically determined by interaction of identity genes according to the ABC model. Using the chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing technique, we identified OsTGA10, encoding a bZIP transcription factor, as a target of the MADS box protein OsMADS8, which is annotated as an E-class organ identity protein. We characterized the function of OsTGA10 using genetic and molecular analyses. OsTGA10 was preferentially expressed during stamen development, and mutation of OsTGA10 resulted in male sterility. OsTGA10 was required for tapetum development and functioned by interacting with known tapetum genes. In addition, in ostga10 stamens, the hallmark cell wall thickening of the endothecium was defective. Our findings suggest that OsTGA10 plays a mediator role between organ identity determination and tapetum development in rice stamen development, between tapetum development and microspore development, and between various regulatory components required for tapetum development. Furthermore, the defective endothecium in ostga10 implies that cell wall thickening of endothecium is dependent on tapetum development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liu
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu-Nong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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18
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Wu J, Chen L, Shahid MQ, Chen M, Dong Q, Li J, Xu X, Liu X. Pervasive interactions of Sa and Sb loci cause high pollen sterility and abrupt changes in gene expression during meiosis that could be overcome by double neutral genes in autotetraploid rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:49. [PMID: 29197985 PMCID: PMC5712294 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intersubspecific autotetraploid rice hybrids possess high hybrid vigor; however, low pollen fertility is a critical hindrance in its commercial utilization. Our previous study demonstrated that polyploidy could increase the multi-loci interaction and cause high pollen abortion in autotetraploid rice hybrids. However, there is little known about the critical role of pollen sterility locus or loci in the intersubspecific hybrids. We developed autotetraploid rice hybrids harboring heterozygous genotypes (S i S i S j S j ) at different pollen sterility loci by using the near isogenic lines of Taichung65-4×. Moreover, autotetraploid lines carrying double neutral genes, Sa n and Sb n , were used to assess their effect on fertility restoration. RESULTS Cytological studies showed that the deleterious genetic interactions at Sa and Sb pollen sterility loci resulted in higher pollen sterility (76.83%) and abnormal chromosome behavior (24.59%) at metaphase I of meiosis in autotetraploid rice hybrids. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1092 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in a hybrid with the pervasive interactions at Sa and Sb pollen sterility loci, and most of the genes (about 83%) exhibited down regulation. Of the DEG, 60 were associated with transcription regulation and 18 genes were annotated as meiosis-related genes. Analysis on the hybrids developed by using autotetraploid rice harboring double neutral genes, Sa n and Sb n , revealed normal pollen fertility, and transcriptome analysis showed non-significant difference in number of DEG among different hybrids. CONCLUSIONS Our finding revealed that pervasive interactions at Sa and Sb pollen sterility loci cause high sterility in the autotetraploid hybrids that lead to the down-regulation of important meiosis-related genes and transcription regulation factors. Moreover, we also found that the hybrids sterility could be overcome by double neutral genes, Sa n and Sb n , in autotetraploid rice hybrids. The present study provided a strong evidence for the utilization of heterosis in autotetraploid rice hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Minyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Qinglei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jirui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xiaosong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Yue Y, Yin C, Guo R, Peng H, Yang Z, Liu G, Bao M, Hu H. An anther-specific gene PhGRP is regulated by PhMYC2 and causes male sterility when overexpressed in petunia anthers. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1401-1415. [PMID: 28597062 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An anther-specific GRP gene, regulated by PhMYC2 , causes a significant reduction of male fertility when overexpressed in petunia, and its promoter is efficient in genetic engineering of male-sterile lines. Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) play important roles in plant anther development; however, the underlying mechanisms and related regulatory networks are poorly understood. In this study, a novel glycine-rich family gene designated as PhGRP was isolated from Petunia hybrida 'Fantasy Red'. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that it expressed specifically in anthers, and its expression peaked earlier than those well-known tapetum-specific genes, such as TA29, and several genes with the classic cis-regulatory element 'anther-box' in petunia during its anther development. The male fertility was significantly reduced in PhGRP overexpression lines, due to the abnormal formation of pollen wall. The PhGRP promoter (pPhGRP) could drive the GUS genes expressing specifically in the anthers of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, indicating that the anther-specific characteristic of this promoter was conserved. In addition, when pPhGRP was used to drive the expression of BARNASE, complete male-sterile petunia lines were created without changes in vegetative organs and floral parts other than anthers. Finally, when pPhGRP was used as the bait to screen a yeast-one-hybrid (Y1H) library, a transcription factor (PhMYC2) belonging to the bHLH family was successfully selected, and the binding between pPhGRP and PhMYC2 was validated both by Y1H and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overall, these results suggest that PhGRP, which is a male fertility-related gene that expresses specifically in anthers, is regulated by PhMYC2 and whose promoter can be used as an effective tool in the creation of male-sterile lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaonan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Cigan AM, Singh M, Benn G, Feigenbutz L, Kumar M, Cho M, Svitashev S, Young J. Targeted mutagenesis of a conserved anther-expressed P450 gene confers male sterility in monocots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:379-389. [PMID: 27614049 PMCID: PMC5316918 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Targeted mutagenesis using programmable DNA endonucleases has broad applications for studying gene function in planta and developing approaches to improve crop yields. Recently, a genetic method that eliminates the need to emasculate the female inbred during hybrid seed production, referred to as Seed Production Technology, has been described. The foundation of this genetic system relied on classical methods to identify genes critical to anther and pollen development. One of these genes is a P450 gene which is expressed in the tapetum of anthers. Homozygous recessive mutants in this gene render maize and rice plants male sterile. While this P450 in maize corresponds to the male fertility gene Ms26, male fertility mutants have not been isolated in other monocots such as sorghum and wheat. In this report, a custom designed homing endonuclease, Ems26+, was used to generate in planta mutations in the rice, sorghum and wheat orthologs of maize Ms26. Similar to maize, homozygous mutations in this P450 gene in rice and sorghum prevent pollen formation resulting in male sterile plants and fertility was restored in sorghum using a transformed copy of maize Ms26. In contrast, allohexaploid wheat plants that carry similar homozygous nuclear mutations in only one, but not all three, of their single genomes were male fertile. Targeted mutagenesis and subsequent characterization of male fertility genes in sorghum and wheat is an important step for capturing heterosis and improving crop yields through hybrid seed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geoffrey Benn
- Trait Technologies, DuPont PioneerJohnstonIAUSA
- Present address: Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavisCAUSA
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Singh RK, Jaishankar J, Muthamilarasan M, Shweta S, Dangi A, Prasad M. Genome-wide analysis of heat shock proteins in C4 model, foxtail millet identifies potential candidates for crop improvement under abiotic stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32641. [PMID: 27586959 PMCID: PMC5009299 DOI: 10.1038/srep32641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) perform significant roles in conferring abiotic stress tolerance to crop plants. In view of this, HSPs and their encoding genes were extensively characterized in several plant species; however, understanding their structure, organization, evolution and expression profiling in a naturally stress tolerant crop is necessary to delineate their precise roles in stress-responsive molecular machinery. In this context, the present study has been performed in C4 panicoid model, foxtail millet, which resulted in identification of 20, 9, 27, 20 and 37 genes belonging to SiHSP100, SiHSP90, SiHSP70, SiHSP60 and SisHSP families, respectively. Comprehensive in silico characterization of these genes followed by their expression profiling in response to dehydration, heat, salinity and cold stresses in foxtail millet cultivars contrastingly differing in stress tolerance revealed significant upregulation of several genes in tolerant cultivar. SisHSP-27 showed substantial higher expression in response to heat stress in tolerant cultivar, and its over-expression in yeast system conferred tolerance to several abiotic stresses. Methylation analysis of SiHSP genes suggested that, in susceptible cultivar, higher levels of methylation might be the reason for reduced expression of these genes during stress. Altogether, the study provides novel clues on the role of HSPs in conferring stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
| | - Jananee Jaishankar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
| | | | - Shweta Shweta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
| | - Anand Dangi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, India
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22
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Nguyen TD, Moon S, Nguyen VNT, Gho Y, Chandran AKN, Soh MS, Song JT, An G, Oh SA, Park SK, Jung KH. Genome-wide identification and analysis of rice genes preferentially expressed in pollen at an early developmental stage. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:71-88. [PMID: 27356912 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microspore production using endogenous developmental programs has not been well studied. The main limitation is the difficulty in identifying genes preferentially expressed in pollen grains at early stages. To overcome this limitation, we collected transcriptome data from anthers and microspore/pollen and performed meta-expression analysis. Subsequently, we identified 410 genes showing preferential expression patterns in early developing pollen samples of both japonica and indica cultivars. The expression patterns of these genes are distinguishable from genes showing pollen mother cell or tapetum-preferred expression patterns. Gene Ontology enrichment and MapMan analyses indicated that microspores in rice are closely linked with protein degradation, nucleotide metabolism, and DNA biosynthesis and regulation, while the pollen mother cell or tapetum are strongly associated with cell wall metabolism, lipid metabolism, secondary metabolism, and RNA biosynthesis and regulation. We also generated transgenic lines under the control of the promoters of eight microspore-preferred genes and confirmed the preferred expression patterns in plants using the GUS reporting system. Furthermore, cis-regulatory element analysis revealed that pollen specific elements such as POLLEN1LELAT52, and 5659BOXLELAT5659 were commonly identified in the promoter regions of eight rice genes with more frequency than estimation. Our study will provide new sights on early pollen development in rice, a model crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Dung Nguyen
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Ngoc Tuyet Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsil Gho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Soh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Aeong Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Ambrosino L, Bostan H, Ruggieri V, Chiusano ML. Bioinformatics resources for pollen. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:133-147. [PMID: 27271281 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioinformatics for Pollen. Pollen plays a key role in crop production, and its development is the most delicate phase in reproduction. Different metabolic pathways are involved in pollen development, and changes in the level of some metabolites, as well as responses to stress, are correlated with the reduction in pollen viability, leading consequently to a decrease in the fruit production. However, studies on pollen may be hard because gamete development and fertilization are complex processes that occur during a short window of time. The rise of the so-called -omics sciences provided key strategies to promote molecular research in pollen tissues, starting from model organisms and moving to increasing number of species. An integrated multi-level approach based on investigations from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics appears now feasible to clarify key molecular processes in pollen development and viability. To this aim, bioinformatics has a fundamental role for data production and analysis, contributing varied and ad hoc methodologies, endowed with different sensitivity and specificity, necessary for extracting added-value information from the large amount of molecular data achievable. Bioinformatics is also essential for data management, organization, distribution and integration in suitable resources. This is necessary to catch the biological features of the pollen tissues and to design effective approaches to identifying structural or functional properties, enabling the modeling of the major involved processes in normal or in stress conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the available bioinformatics resources for pollen, ranging from raw data collections to complete databases or platforms, when available, which include data and/or results from -omics efforts on the male gametophyte. Perspectives in the fields will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ambrosino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Università 100, Portici (NA), 80055, Italy
| | - Hamed Bostan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Università 100, Portici (NA), 80055, Italy
| | - Valentino Ruggieri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Università 100, Portici (NA), 80055, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Università 100, Portici (NA), 80055, Italy.
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24
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Li Z, Zhang P, Lv J, Cheng Y, Cui J, Zhao H, Hu S. Global Dynamic Transcriptome Programming of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Anther at Different Development Stages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154039. [PMID: 27139433 PMCID: PMC4854403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop worldwide and exhibits significant heterosis. Effective pollination control systems, which are closely linked to anther development, are a prerequisite for utilizing heterosis. The anther, which is the male organ in flowering plants, undergoes many metabolic processes during development. Although the gene expression patterns underlying pollen development are well studied in model plant Arabidopsis, the regulatory networks of genome-wide gene expression during rapeseed anther development is poorly understood, especially regarding metabolic regulations. In this study, we systematically analyzed metabolic processes occurring during anther development in rapeseed using ultrastructural observation and global transcriptome analysis. Anther ultrastructure exhibited that numerous cellular organelles abundant with metabolic materials, such as elaioplast, tapetosomes, plastids (containing starch deposits) etc. appeared, accompanied with anther structural alterations during anther development, suggesting many metabolic processes occurring. Global transcriptome analysis revealed dynamic changes in gene expression during anther development that corresponded to dynamic functional alterations between early and late anther developmental stages. The early stage anthers preferentially expressed genes involved in lipid metabolism that are related to pollen extine formation as well as elaioplast and tapetosome biosynthesis, whereas the late stage anthers expressed genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism to form pollen intine and to accumulate starch in mature pollen grains. Finally, a predictive gene regulatory module responsible for early pollen extine formation was generated. Taken together, this analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of dynamic gene expression programming of metabolic processes in the rapeseed anther, especially with respect to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism during pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianmin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huixian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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25
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Bohra A, Jha UC, Adhimoolam P, Bisht D, Singh NP. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in hybrid breeding in field crops. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:967-93. [PMID: 26905724 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of CMS/Rf system enabled by modern omics tools and technologies considerably improves our ability to harness hybrid technology for enhancing the productivity of field crops. Harnessing hybrid vigor or heterosis is a promising approach to tackle the current challenge of sustaining enhanced yield gains of field crops. In the context, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) owing to its heritable nature to manifest non-functional male gametophyte remains a cost-effective system to promote efficient hybrid seed production. The phenomenon of CMS stems from a complex interplay between maternally-inherited (mitochondrion) and bi-parental (nucleus) genomic elements. In recent years, attempts aimed to comprehend the sterility-inducing factors (orfs) and corresponding fertility determinants (Rf) in plants have greatly increased our access to candidate genomic segments and the cloned genes. To this end, novel insights obtained by applying state-of-the-art omics platforms have substantially enriched our understanding of cytoplasmic-nuclear communication. Concomitantly, molecular tools including DNA markers have been implicated in crop hybrid breeding in order to greatly expedite the progress. Here, we review the status of diverse sterility-inducing cytoplasms and associated Rf factors reported across different field crops along with exploring opportunities for integrating modern omics tools with CMS-based hybrid breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bohra
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, India.
| | - Uday C Jha
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, India
| | | | - Deepak Bisht
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB), New Delhi, India
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26
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Yi J, Moon S, Lee YS, Zhu L, Liang W, Zhang D, Jung KH, An G. Defective Tapetum Cell Death 1 (DTC1) Regulates ROS Levels by Binding to Metallothionein during Tapetum Degeneration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1611-23. [PMID: 26697896 PMCID: PMC4775127 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
After meiosis, tapetal cells in the innermost anther wall layer undergo program cell death (PCD)-triggered degradation. This step is essential for microspore development and pollen wall maturation. We identified a key gene, Defective Tapetum Cell Death 1 (DTC1), that controls this degeneration by modulating the dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during rice male reproduction. Mutants defective in DTC1 exhibit phenotypes of an enlarged tapetum and middle layer with delayed degeneration, causing male sterility. The gene is preferentially expressed in the tapetal cells during early anther development. In dtc1 anthers, expression of genes encoding secretory proteases or lipid transporters is significantly reduced, while transcripts of PCD regulatory genes, e.g. UDT1, TDR1, and EAT1/DTD, are not altered. Moreover, levels of DTC1 transcripts are diminished in udt1, tdr, and eat1 anthers. These results suggest that DTC1 functions downstream of those transcription factor genes and upstream of the genes encoding secretory proteins. DTC1 protein interacts with OsMT2b, a ROS scavenger. Whereas wild-type plants accumulate large amounts of ROS in their anthers at Stage 9 of development, those levels remain low during all stages of development in dtc1 anthers. These findings indicate that DTC1 is a key regulator for tapetum PCD by inhibiting ROS-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Yi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (J.Y., S.M., Y.-S.L., K.-H.J., G.A.); andState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Z, W.L., D.Z.)
| | - Sunok Moon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (J.Y., S.M., Y.-S.L., K.-H.J., G.A.); andState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Z, W.L., D.Z.)
| | - Yang-Seok Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (J.Y., S.M., Y.-S.L., K.-H.J., G.A.); andState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Z, W.L., D.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (J.Y., S.M., Y.-S.L., K.-H.J., G.A.); andState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Z, W.L., D.Z.)
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (J.Y., S.M., Y.-S.L., K.-H.J., G.A.); andState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Z, W.L., D.Z.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (J.Y., S.M., Y.-S.L., K.-H.J., G.A.); andState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Z, W.L., D.Z.)
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (J.Y., S.M., Y.-S.L., K.-H.J., G.A.); andState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Z, W.L., D.Z.)
| | - Gynheung An
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea (J.Y., S.M., Y.-S.L., K.-H.J., G.A.); andState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Z, W.L., D.Z.)
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27
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Zhang L, Mao D, Xing F, Bai X, Zhao H, Yao W, Li G, Xie W, Xing Y. Loss of function of OsMADS3 via the insertion of a novel retrotransposon leads to recessive male sterility in rice (Oryza sativa). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 238:188-97. [PMID: 26259187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural mutation is the source of natural variation, which is the fundamental basis for the genetic improvement of crops. During the process of developing a recombinant inbred line (RI), a spontaneous mutagenesis in RI127 led to the production of the recessive male-sterile line RI127S. Via a map-based cloning approach, the gene controlling the male sterility was identified as OsMADS3, which was previously reported to be associated with floral organ development and male sterility. Thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR isolated one 1633-bp insertion in OsMADS3 in RI127S, which damaged its function due to failed transcription. The 1633-bp insertion was derived from a fragment flanked by retrotransposon genes on chromosome 5. Seven haplotypes of OsMADS3 were observed among 529 cultivars and 107 wild rice accessions, and 98% of the investigated genotypes carried the same H2 haplotype, indicating that OsMADS3 is highly conserved. RI127S has the combined genome constitution of its parents, indica rice Teqing and japonica 02428, and carries the widely compatible S5 gene donated by 02428. RI127 exhibits good performance in regard to its agronomic traits and has a wide compatibility. Therefore, RI127S would be an elite mediator for recurrent breeding in cases requiring a tedious hand-crossing-based inter-crossing phase. RI127S can be crossed not only with indica rice but also with japonica rice, thus providing breeders with flexible arrangements in recurrent breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Donghai Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center for Bioinformatics, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xufeng Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wen Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangwei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weibo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtz University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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28
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Rutley N, Twell D. A decade of pollen transcriptomics. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2015; 28:73-89. [PMID: 25761645 PMCID: PMC4432081 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overview of pollen transcriptome studies. Pollen development is driven by gene expression, and knowledge of the molecular events underlying this process has undergone a quantum leap in the last decade through studies of the transcriptome. Here, we outline historical evidence for male haploid gene expression and review the wealth of pollen transcriptome data now available. Knowledge of the transcriptional capacity of pollen has progressed from genetic studies to the direct analysis of RNA and from gene-by-gene studies to analyses on a genomic scale. Microarray and/or RNA-seq data can now be accessed for all phases and cell types of developing pollen encompassing 10 different angiosperms. These growing resources have accelerated research and will undoubtedly inspire new directions and the application of system-based research into the mechanisms that govern the development, function and evolution of angiosperm pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rutley
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - David Twell
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
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29
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Ling S, Chen C, Wang Y, Sun X, Lu Z, Ouyang Y, Yao J. The mature anther-preferentially expressed genes are associated with pollen fertility, pollen germination and anther dehiscence in rice. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:101. [PMID: 25765586 PMCID: PMC4340671 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anthers and pollen grains are critical for male fertility and hybrid rice breeding. The development of rice mature anther and pollen consists of multiple continuous stages. However, molecular mechanisms regulating mature anther development were poorly understood. Results In this study, we have identified 291 mature anther-preferentially expressed genes (OsSTA) in rice based on Affymetrix microarray data. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that OsSTA genes mainly participated in metabolic and cellular processes that are likely important for rice anther and pollen development. The expression patterns of OsSTA genes were validated using real-time PCR and mRNA in situ hybridizations. Cis-element identification showed that most of the OsSTA genes had the cis-elements responsive to phytohormone regulation. Co-expression analysis of OsSTA genes showed that genes annotated with pectinesterase and calcium ion binding activities were rich in the network, suggesting that OsSTA genes could be involved in pollen germination and anther dehiscence. Furthermore, OsSTA RNAi transgenic lines showed male-sterility and pollen germination defects. Conclusions The results suggested that OsSTA genes function in rice male fertility, pollen germination and anther dehiscence and established molecular regulating networks that lay the foundation for further functional studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1305-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ling
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Caisheng Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaocong Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhanhua Lu
- College of Plant Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yidan Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jialing Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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30
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Yi J, An S, An G. OsMLO12, encoding seven transmembrane proteins, is involved with pollen hydration in rice. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2014; 27:169-80. [PMID: 25223260 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-014-0249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydration is the first step in pollen germination. However, the process is not well understood. OsMLO12 is highly expressed in mature pollen grains; plants containing alleles caused by transfer DNA insertions do not produce homozygous progeny. Reciprocal crosses between wild-type and OsMLO12/osmlo12 plants showed that the mutant alleles were not transmitted through the male gametophyte. Microscopic observations revealed that, although mutant grains became mature pollen with three nuclei, they did not germinate in vitro or in vivo due to a failure in hydration. The OsMLO12 protein has seven transmembrane motifs, with an N-terminal extracellular region and a C-terminal cytosolic region. We demonstrated that the C-terminal region mediates a calcium-dependent interaction with calmodulin. Our findings suggest that pollen hydration is regulated by MLO12, possibly through an interaction with calmodulin in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Yi
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
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31
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Muthamilarasan M, Khandelwal R, Yadav CB, Bonthala VS, Khan Y, Prasad M. Identification and molecular characterization of MYB Transcription Factor Superfamily in C4 model plant foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). PLoS One 2014; 9:e109920. [PMID: 25279462 PMCID: PMC4184890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MYB proteins represent one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, playing important roles in diverse developmental and stress-responsive processes. Considering its significance, several genome-wide analyses have been conducted in almost all land plants except foxtail millet. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a model crop for investigating systems biology of millets and bioenergy grasses. Further, the crop is also known for its potential abiotic stress-tolerance. In this context, a comprehensive genome-wide survey was conducted and 209 MYB protein-encoding genes were identified in foxtail millet. All 209 S. italica MYB (SiMYB) genes were physically mapped onto nine chromosomes of foxtail millet. Gene duplication study showed that segmental- and tandem-duplication have occurred in genome resulting in expansion of this gene family. The protein domain investigation classified SiMYB proteins into three classes according to number of MYB repeats present. The phylogenetic analysis categorized SiMYBs into ten groups (I - X). SiMYB-based comparative mapping revealed a maximum orthology between foxtail millet and sorghum, followed by maize, rice and Brachypodium. Heat map analysis showed tissue-specific expression pattern of predominant SiMYB genes. Expression profiling of candidate MYB genes against abiotic stresses and hormone treatments using qRT-PCR revealed specific and/or overlapping expression patterns of SiMYBs. Taken together, the present study provides a foundation for evolutionary and functional characterization of MYB TFs in foxtail millet to dissect their functions in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yusuf Khan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Transcriptomes and proteomes define gene expression progression in pre-meiotic maize anthers. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:993-1010. [PMID: 24939185 PMCID: PMC4065268 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.009738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants lack a germ line; consequently, during reproduction adult somatic cells within flowers must switch from mitotic proliferation to meiosis. In maize (Zea mays L.) anthers, hypoxic conditions in the developing tassel trigger pre-meiotic competence in the column of pluripotent progenitor cells in the center of anther lobes, and within 24 hr these newly specified germinal cells have patterned their surrounding neighbors to differentiate as the first somatic niche cells. Transcriptomes were analyzed by microarray hybridization in carefully staged whole anthers during initial specification events, after the separation of germinal and somatic lineages, during the subsequent rapid mitotic proliferation phase, and during final pre-meiotic germinal and somatic cell differentiation. Maize anthers exhibit a highly complex transcriptome constituting nearly three-quarters of annotated maize genes, and expression patterns are dynamic. Laser microdissection was applied to begin assigning transcripts to tissue and cell types and for comparison to transcriptomes of mutants defective in cell fate specification. Whole anther proteomes were analyzed at three developmental stages by mass spectrometric peptide sequencing using size-fractionated proteins to evaluate the timing of protein accumulation relative to transcript abundance. New insights include early and sustained expression of meiosis-associated genes (77.5% of well-annotated meiosis genes are constitutively active in 0.15 mm anthers), an extremely large change in transcript abundances and types a few days before meiosis (including a class of 1340 transcripts absent specifically at 0.4 mm), and the relative disparity between transcript abundance and protein abundance at any one developmental stage (based on 1303 protein-to-transcript comparisons).
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Dukowic-Schulze S, Chen C. The meiotic transcriptome architecture of plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:220. [PMID: 24926296 PMCID: PMC4046320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although a number of genes that play key roles during the meiotic process have been characterized in great detail, the whole process of meiosis is still not completely unraveled. To gain insight into the bigger picture, large-scale approaches like RNA-seq and microarray can help to elucidate the transcriptome landscape during plant meiosis, discover co-regulated genes, enriched processes, and highly expressed known and unknown genes which might be important for meiosis. These high-throughput studies are gaining more and more popularity, but their beginnings in plant systems reach back as far as the 1960's. Frequently, whole anthers or post-meiotic pollen were investigated, while less data is available on isolated cells during meiosis, and only few studies addressed the transcriptome of female meiosis. For this review, we compiled meiotic transcriptome studies covering different plant species, and summarized and compared their key findings. Besides pointing to consistent as well as unique discoveries, we finally draw conclusions what can be learned from these studies so far and what should be addressed next.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changbin Chen
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MN, USA
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Ishiguro S, Ogasawara K, Fujino K, Sato Y, Kishima Y. Low temperature-responsive changes in the anther transcriptome's repeat sequences are indicative of stress sensitivity and pollen sterility in rice strains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:671-82. [PMID: 24376281 PMCID: PMC3912097 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.230656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide transcriptome analyses using microarray probes containing genes and repeat sequences have been performed to examine responses to low temperatures in rice (Oryza sativa). We focused particularly on the rice anther at the booting stage, because a low temperature at this stage can result in pollen abortion. The five rice strains examined in this study showed different pollen fertilities due to a low-temperature treatment during the booting stage. The microarray analyses demonstrated that the low-temperature stress caused genome-wide changes in the transcriptional activities not only of genes but also of repeat sequences in the rice anther. The degree of the temperature-responsive changes varied among the five rice strains. Interestingly, the low-temperature-sensitive strains revealed more changes in the transcriptome when compared with the tolerant strains. The expression patterns of the repeat sequences, including miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements, transposons, and retrotransposons, were correlated with the pollen fertilities of the five strains, with the highest correlation coefficient being 0.979. Even in the low-temperature-sensitive strains, the transcriptomes displayed distinct expression patterns. The elements responding to the low temperatures were evenly distributed throughout the genome, and the major cis-motifs involved in temperature-responsive changes were undetectable from the upstream sequences in the corresponding repeats. The genome-wide responses of transcription to the temperature shift may be associated with chromatin dynamics, which facilitates environmental plasticity. A genome-wide analysis using repeat sequences suggested that stress tolerance could be conferred by insensitivity to the stimuli.
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Kumar S, Jordan MC, Datla R, Cloutier S. The LuWD40-1 gene encoding WD repeat protein regulates growth and pollen viability in flax (Linum Usitatissimum L.). PLoS One 2013; 8:e69124. [PMID: 23935935 PMCID: PMC3728291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a crop, flax holds significant commercial value for its omega-3 rich oilseeds and stem fibres. Canada is the largest producer of linseed but there exists scope for significant yield improvements. Implementation of mechanisms such as male sterility can permit the development of hybrids to assist in achieving this goal. Temperature sensitive male sterility has been reported in flax but the leakiness of this system in field conditions limits the production of quality hybrid seeds. Here, we characterized a 2,588 bp transcript differentially expressed in male sterile lines of flax. The twelve intron gene predicted to encode a 368 amino acid protein has five WD40 repeats which, in silico, form a propeller structure with putative nucleic acid and histone binding capabilities. The LuWD40-1 protein localized to the nucleus and its expression increased during the transition and continued through the vegetative stages (seed, etiolated seedling, stem) while the transcript levels declined during reproductive development (ovary, anthers) and embryonic morphogenesis of male fertile plants. Knockout lines for LuWD40-1 in flax failed to develop shoots while overexpression lines showed delayed growth phenotype and were male sterile. The non-viable flowers failed to open and the pollen grains from these flowers were empty. Three independent transgenic lines overexpressing the LuWD40-1 gene had ∼80% non-viable pollen, reduced branching, delayed flowering and maturity compared to male fertile genotypes. The present study provides new insights into a male sterility mechanism present in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mark C. Jordan
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Ueda K, Yoshimura F, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Nonomura KI, Wabiko H. Collapsed abnormal pollen1 gene encoding the Arabinokinase-like protein is involved in pollen development in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:858-71. [PMID: 23629836 PMCID: PMC3668075 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We isolated a pollen-defective mutant, collapsed abnormal pollen1 (cap1), from Tos17 insertional mutant lines of rice (Oryza sativa). The cap1 heterozygous plant produced equal numbers of normal and collapsed abnormal grains. The abnormal pollen grains lacked almost all cytoplasmic materials, nuclei, and intine cell walls and did not germinate. Genetic analysis of crosses revealed that the cap1 mutation did not affect female reproduction or vegetative growth. CAP1 encodes a protein consisting of 996 amino acids that showed high similarity to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) l-arabinokinase, which catalyzes the conversion of l-arabinose to l-arabinose 1-phosphate. A wild-type genomic DNA segment containing CAP1 restored mutants to normal pollen grains. During rice pollen development, CAP1 was preferentially expressed in anthers at the bicellular pollen stage, and the effects of the cap1 mutation were mainly detected at this stage. Based on the metabolic pathway of l-arabinose, cap1 pollen phenotype may have been caused by toxic accumulation of l-arabinose or by inhibition of cell wall metabolism due to the lack of UDP-l-arabinose derived from l-arabinose 1-phosphate. The expression pattern of CAP1 was very similar to that of another Arabidopsis homolog that showed 71% amino acid identity with CAP1. Our results suggested that CAP1 and related genes are critical for pollen development in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ueda
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
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Kubo T, Fujita M, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Tsutsumi N, Kurata N. Transcriptome analysis of developing ovules in rice isolated by laser microdissection. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:750-65. [PMID: 23411663 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive genome-wide gene expression profiles during plant male gametogenesis have been thoroughly analyzed over the last decade. In contrast, gene expression profiles during female gametogenesis have been studied relatively little, and our knowledge concerning plant female gametogenesis is limited. We determined the genome-wide gene expression profiles of developing ovules containing female gametophytes from the megaspore mother cell at the pre-meiotic stage to the mature embryo sac in rice (Oryza sativa) using microarrays. In order to separate ovules from scutellum, we used a laser microdissection (LM) technique. Dynamic gene expression was revealed in developing ovules, and a major transition of the transcriptome was observed between middle and late meiotic stages, where many genes were down-regulated >10-fold. Many potential players in female gametogenesis, that showed dynamic or enriched expression, were highlighted. We identified the temporal and dramatic up-regulation of a subset of transposable elements during female meiotic stages that were not observed in males. Transcription factor genes enriched in developing ovules were also uncovered, which may play crucial roles during female gametogenesis. This is the first report of comprehensive genome-wide gene expression profiles during female gametogenesis useful for plant reproductive studies. Combined with additional experiments, our data may provide important clues to understand female gametogenesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Kubo
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan
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Jagadish KSV, Craufurd P, Shi W, Oane R. A phenotypic marker for quantifying heat stress impact during microsporogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 41:48-55. [PMID: 32480965 DOI: 10.1071/fp13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gametogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and particularly male gametogenesis, is a critical developmental stage affected by different abiotic stresses. Research on this stage is limited, as flowering stage has been the major focus for research to date. Our main objective was to identify a phenotypic marker for male gametogenesis and the duration of exposure needed to quantify the impact of heat stress at this stage. Spikelet size coinciding with microsporogenesis was identified using parafilm sectioning, and the panicle (spikelet) growth rate was established. The environmental stability of the marker was ascertained with different nitrogen (75 and 125kg ha-1) and night temperature (22°C and 28°C) combinations under field conditions. A distance of -8 to -9cm between the collar of the last fully opened leaf and the flag leaf collar, which was yet to emerge was identified as the environmentally stable phenotypic marker. Heat stress (38°C) imposed using the identified marker induced 8-63% spikelet sterility across seven genetically diverse rice genotypes. Identifying the right stage based on the marker information and imposing 6 consecutive days of heat stress ensures that >95% of the spikelets in a panicle are stressed spanning across the entire microsporogenesis stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Craufurd
- Plant Environment Laboratory, University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading, RG2 9AF, UK
| | - Wanju Shi
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Rowena Oane
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Guo JX, Liu YG. Molecular control of male reproductive development and pollen fertility in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 54:967-78, i. [PMID: 23025662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anther development and male fertility are essential biological processes for flowering plants and are important for crop seed production. Genetic manipulation of male fertility/sterility is critical for crop hybrid breeding. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) male sterility phenotypes, including genic male sterility, hybrid male sterility, and cytoplasmic male sterility, are generally caused by mutations of fertility-related genes, by incompatible interactions between divergent allelic or non-allelic genes, or by genetic incompatibilities between cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes. Here, we review the recent advances in the molecular basis of anther development and male fertility-sterility conversion in specific genetic backgrounds, and the interactions with certain environmental factors. The highlighted findings in this review have significant implications in both basic studies and rice genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Ma J, Wei H, Song M, Pang C, Liu J, Wang L, Zhang J, Fan S, Yu S. Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals that flavonoid and ascorbate-glutathione cycle are important during anther development in Upland cotton. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49244. [PMID: 23155472 PMCID: PMC3498337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous transcriptome profiling studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of pollen and anther development, and identified many genes involved in these processes. However, only 51 anther ESTs of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) were found in NCBI and there have been no reports of transcriptome profiling analyzing anther development in Upland cotton, a major fiber crop in the word. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING Ninety-eight hundred and ninety-six high quality ESTs were sequenced from their 3'-ends and assembled into 6,643 unigenes from a normalized, full-length anther cDNA library of Upland cotton. Combined with previous sequenced anther-related ESTs, 12,244 unigenes were generated as the reference genes for digital gene expression (DGE) analysis. The DGE was conducted on anthers that were isolated at tetrad pollen (TTP), uninucleate pollen (UNP), binucleate pollen (BNP) and mature pollen (MTP) periods along with four other tissues, i.e., roots (RO), stems (ST), leaves (LV) and embryos (EB). Through transcriptome profiling analysis, we identified 1,165 genes that were enriched at certain anther development periods, and many of them were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversion, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We first generated a normalized, full-length cDNA library from anthers and performed transcriptome profiling analysis of anther development in Upland cotton. From these results, 10,178 anther expressed genes were identified, among which 1,165 genes were stage-enriched in anthers. And many of these stage-enriched genes were involved in some important processes regulating anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, The Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, The Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, The Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyou Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, The Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, The Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, The Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Shuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, The Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SF); (SY)
| | - Shuxun Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, The Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SF); (SY)
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Zhang X, Li J, Liu A, Zou J, Zhou X, Xiang J, Rerksiri W, Peng Y, Xiong X, Chen X. Expression profile in rice panicle: insights into heat response mechanism at reproductive stage. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49652. [PMID: 23155476 PMCID: PMC3498232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice at reproductive stage is more sensitive to environmental changes, and little is known about the mechanism of heat response in rice panicle. Here, using rice microarray, we provided a time course gene expression profile of rice panicle at anther developmental stage 8 after 40°C treatment for 0 min, 20 min, 60 min, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h. The identified differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, transport, cellular homeostasis, and stress response. The predominant transcription factor gene families responsive to heat stress were Hsf, NAC, AP2/ERF, WRKY, MYB, and C2H2. KMC analysis discovered the time-dependent gene expression pattern under heat stress. The motif co-occurrence analysis on the promoters of genes from an early up-regulated cluster showed the important roles of GCC box, HSE, ABRE, and CE3 in response to heat stress. The regulation model central to ROS combined with transcriptome and ROS quantification data in rice panicle indicated the great importance to maintain ROS balance and the existence of wide cross-talk in heat response. The present study increased our understanding of the heat response in rice panicle and provided good candidate genes for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaping Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Xiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wirat Rerksiri
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (XX); (XC)
| | - Xinbo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (XX); (XC)
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Spatio-temporal regulation of the OsHFP gene promoter establishes the involvement of this protein in rice anther development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:280-5. [PMID: 22943852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anther development leading to pollen maturation, anther dehiscence and pollen dispersal depends upon the precise timing of programmed cell death (PCD) in specified anther tissues. The PCD necessitates a properly tuned transcriptional regulation of some crucial genes. However, the detailed genetic regulation of this PCD in rice anther is yet to be deciphered. Recently, we have established that the OsHFP, a structurally novel hemopexin fold protein of rice is a flower-specific heme binding protein, and plays a role in chlorophyll degradation. Here, we report the spatio-temporal transcriptional regulation of the OsHFP gene, which is proposed to be involved in anther PCD. The OsHFP was immunodetected in rice anthers, and OsHFP-related proteins were also found to be present in anthers of other monocot (lily) and dicot (tobacco) plant species. Unique cis-acting elements, possibly involved in the activation and anther-specificity of the OsHFP promoter were identified based upon in silico prediction and in planta expression profiling of the reporter gene driven by the OsHFP promoter (2051 bp) and its two deleted versions (1057 bp and 437 bp). The temporal regulation of the OsHFP promoter in different developmental stages of tobacco anther implies the physiological function of this protein in anther PCD.
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Till-Bottraud I, Gouyon PH, Ressayre A, Godelle B. Gametophytic vs. sporophytic control of pollen aperture number: a generational conflict. Theor Popul Biol 2012; 82:147-57. [PMID: 22796134 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the haploid phase is reduced to the pollen grain and embryo sac. These reproductive tissues (gametophytes) are actually distinct individuals that have a different genome from the plant (sporophyte), and are more or less independent. The morphology of pollen grains, particularly the openings permitting pollen tube germination (apertures), is crucial for determining the outcome of pollen competition. Many species of flowering plants simultaneously produce pollen grains with different aperture numbers in a single individual (heteromorphism). In this paper, we show that the heteromorphic pollen aperture pattern depends on the genetic control of pollen morphogenesis. This points out a conflict of interest between genes expressed in the sporophyte and genes expressed in the gametophyte. More generally, such a conflict should exist whenever heteromorphism is an ESS resulting from a bet-hedging strategy. For pollen aperture, heteromorphism has been observed in about 40% of angiosperm species, suggesting that conflicting situations are the rule. In this context, the sporo-gametophytic conflict could be one of the factors that led to the reduction of the haploid phase in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Till-Bottraud
- Université de Grenoble 1, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553, BP53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex, France.
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Spatial and temporal activity of upstream regulatory regions of rice anther-specific genes in transgenic rice and Arabidopsis. Transgenic Res 2012; 22:31-46. [PMID: 22684614 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Upstream regulatory regions (URRs) of rice anther-specific genes, namely OSbHLH (coding for basic helix-loop-helix-containing protein) and OSFbox (F-box protein encoding gene), selected from the microarray data have been cloned to control expression of GUS and GFP reporter genes in stably transformed rice. Quantitative real time PCR analysis shows maximum transcript accumulation of these two genes in the meiotic anthers. Analysis of OSbHLH and OSFbox URRs by PLACE database reveal the presence of known pollen-specific cis elements. The URRs of both OSbHLH and OSFbox genes have maximum activity in the meiotic anther stage in rice, but confer constitutive expression in the heterologous dicot system, Arabidopsis, indicative of monocot specificity. Another rice gene (OSIPK; with homology to genes encoding calcium-dependent protein kinases) URR already reported to have anther-specific activity in Arabidopsis and tobacco also confers anther-specific expression in rice and is active in the pollen tubes, suggesting it belongs to the category of late expressed genes. The spatial activity of three URRs has also been analysed by histochemical evaluation of GUS activity in different anther cells/tissues. The activity of OSIPK URR in rice is strongest among the three URRs.
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Sharma R, Agarwal P, Ray S, Deveshwar P, Sharma P, Sharma N, Nijhawan A, Jain M, Singh AK, Singh VP, Khurana JP, Tyagi AK, Kapoor S. Expression dynamics of metabolic and regulatory components across stages of panicle and seed development in indica rice. Funct Integr Genomics 2012. [PMID: 22466020 DOI: 10.1007/s10142‐012‐0274‐3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carefully analyzed expression profiles can serve as a valuable reference for deciphering gene functions. We exploited the potential of whole genome microarrays to measure the spatial and temporal expression profiles of rice genes in 19 stages of vegetative and reproductive development. We could verify expression of 22,980 genes in at least one of the tissues. Differential expression analysis with respect to five vegetative tissues and preceding stages of development revealed reproductive stage-preferential/-specific genes. By using subtractive logic, we identified 354 and 456 genes expressing specifically during panicle and seed development, respectively. The metabolic/hormonal pathways and transcription factor families playing key role in reproductive development were elucidated after overlaying the expression data on the public databases and manually curated list of transcription factors, respectively. During floral meristem differentiation (P1) and male meiosis (P3), the genes involved in jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly upregulated. P6 stage of panicle, containing mature gametophytes, exhibited enrichment of transcripts involved in homogalacturonon degradation. Genes regulating auxin biosynthesis were induced during early seed development. We validated the stage-specificity of regulatory regions of three panicle-specific genes, OsAGO3, OsSub42, and RTS, and an early seed-specific gene, XYH, in transgenic rice. The data generated here provides a snapshot of the underlying complexity of the gene networks regulating rice reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
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Schmidt A, Schmid MW, Grossniklaus U. Analysis of plant germline development by high-throughput RNA profiling: technical advances and new insights. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:18-29. [PMID: 22449040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is a crucial step in the life cycle of plants. The male and female germline lineages develop in the reproductive organs of the flower, which in higher plants are the anthers and ovules, respectively. Development of the germline lineage initiates from a dedicated sporophytic cell that undergoes meiosis to form spores that subsequently give rise to the gametophytes through mitotic cell divisions. The mature male and female gametophytes harbour the male (sperm cells) and female gametes (egg and central cell), respectively. Those unite during double fertilization to initiate embryo and endosperm development in sexually reproducing higher plants. While cytological changes involved in development of the germline lineages have been well characterized in a number of species, investigation of the transcriptional basis underlying their development and the specification of the gametes proved challenging. This is largely due to the inaccessibility of the cells constituting the germline lineages, which are enclosed by sporophytic tissues. Only recently, these technical limitations could be overcome by combining new methods to isolate the relevant cells with powerful transcriptional profiling methods, such as microarrays or high-throughput sequencing of RNA. This review focuses on these technical advances and the new insights gained from them concerning the transcriptional basis and molecular mechanisms underlying germline development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schmidt
- Institute of Plant Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Yi J, Kim SR, Lee DY, Moon S, Lee YS, Jung KH, Hwang I, An G. The rice gene DEFECTIVE TAPETUM AND MEIOCYTES 1 (DTM1) is required for early tapetum development and meiosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:256-70. [PMID: 22111585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tapetum development and meiosis play crucial roles in anther development. Here we identified a rice gene, DEFECTIVE TAPETUM AND MEIOCYTES 1 (DTM1), which controls the early stages of that development. This gene encodes for an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that is present only in cereals. Our T-DNA insertion mutations gave rise to abnormal tapetal formation. Cellular organelles, especially the ER, were underdeveloped, which led to hampered differentiation and degeneration of the tapetum. In addition, the development of pollen mother cells was arrested at the early stages of meiotic prophase I. RNA in-situ hybridization analyses showed that DTM1 transcripts were most abundant in tapetal cells at stages 6 and 7, and moderately in the pollen mother cells and meiocytes. Transcripts of UDT1, which functions in tapetum development during early meiosis, were reduced in dtm1 anthers, as were those of PAIR1, which is involved in chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis. However, expression of MSP1 and MEL1, which function in anther wall specification and germ cell division, respectively, was not altered in the dtm1 mutant. Moreover, transcripts of DTM1 were reduced in msp1 mutant anthers, but not in udt1 and pair1 mutants. These results, together with their mutant phenotypes, suggest that DTM1 plays important roles in the ER membrane during early tapetum development, functioning after MSP1 and before UDT1, and also in meiocyte development, after MEL1 and before PAIR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Yi
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
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48
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Sharma R, Agarwal P, Ray S, Deveshwar P, Sharma P, Sharma N, Nijhawan A, Jain M, Singh AK, Singh VP, Khurana JP, Tyagi AK, Kapoor S. Expression dynamics of metabolic and regulatory components across stages of panicle and seed development in indica rice. Funct Integr Genomics 2012; 12:229-48. [PMID: 22466020 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-012-0274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carefully analyzed expression profiles can serve as a valuable reference for deciphering gene functions. We exploited the potential of whole genome microarrays to measure the spatial and temporal expression profiles of rice genes in 19 stages of vegetative and reproductive development. We could verify expression of 22,980 genes in at least one of the tissues. Differential expression analysis with respect to five vegetative tissues and preceding stages of development revealed reproductive stage-preferential/-specific genes. By using subtractive logic, we identified 354 and 456 genes expressing specifically during panicle and seed development, respectively. The metabolic/hormonal pathways and transcription factor families playing key role in reproductive development were elucidated after overlaying the expression data on the public databases and manually curated list of transcription factors, respectively. During floral meristem differentiation (P1) and male meiosis (P3), the genes involved in jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly upregulated. P6 stage of panicle, containing mature gametophytes, exhibited enrichment of transcripts involved in homogalacturonon degradation. Genes regulating auxin biosynthesis were induced during early seed development. We validated the stage-specificity of regulatory regions of three panicle-specific genes, OsAGO3, OsSub42, and RTS, and an early seed-specific gene, XYH, in transgenic rice. The data generated here provides a snapshot of the underlying complexity of the gene networks regulating rice reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
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Caruso M, Merelo P, Distefano G, La Malfa S, Lo Piero AR, Tadeo FR, Talon M, Gentile A. Comparative transcriptome analysis of stylar canal cells identifies novel candidate genes implicated in the self-incompatibility response of Citrus clementina. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:20. [PMID: 22333138 PMCID: PMC3305554 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive biology in citrus is still poorly understood. Although in recent years several efforts have been made to study pollen-pistil interaction and self-incompatibility, little information is available about the molecular mechanisms regulating these processes. Here we report the identification of candidate genes involved in pollen-pistil interaction and self-incompatibility in clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). These genes have been identified comparing the transcriptomes of laser-microdissected stylar canal cells (SCC) isolated from two genotypes differing for self-incompatibility response ('Comune', a self-incompatible cultivar and 'Monreal', a self- compatible mutation of 'Comune'). RESULTS The transcriptome profiling of SCC indicated that the differential regulation of few specific, mostly uncharacterized transcripts is associated with the breakdown of self-incompatibility in 'Monreal'. Among them, a novel F-box gene showed a drastic up-regulation both in laser microdissected stylar canal cells and in self-pollinated whole styles with stigmas of 'Comune' in concomitance with the arrest of pollen tube growth. Moreover, we identify a non-characterized gene family as closely associated to the self-incompatibility genetic program activated in 'Comune'. Three different aspartic-acid rich (Asp-rich) protein genes, located in tandem in the clementine genome, were over-represented in the transcriptome of 'Comune'. These genes are tightly linked to a DELLA gene, previously found to be up-regulated in the self-incompatible genotype during pollen-pistil interaction. CONCLUSION The highly specific transcriptome survey of the stylar canal cells identified novel genes which have not been previously associated with self-pollen rejection in citrus and in other plant species. Bioinformatic and transcriptional analyses suggested that the mutation leading to self-compatibility in 'Monreal' affected the expression of non-homologous genes located in a restricted genome region. Also, we hypothesize that the Asp-rich protein genes may act as Ca2+ "entrapping" proteins, potentially regulating Ca2+ homeostasis during self-pollen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paz Merelo
- Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries - Centre de Genómica, Carretera Montcada de l'Horta-Náquera Km. 4,5, 46113 Montcada de l'Horta (València), Spain
| | - Gaetano Distefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano La Malfa
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Roberta Lo Piero
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francisco R Tadeo
- Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries - Centre de Genómica, Carretera Montcada de l'Horta-Náquera Km. 4,5, 46113 Montcada de l'Horta (València), Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries - Centre de Genómica, Carretera Montcada de l'Horta-Náquera Km. 4,5, 46113 Montcada de l'Horta (València), Spain
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Zhang X, Li J, Liu A, Zou J, Zhou X, Xiang J, Rerksiri W, Peng Y, Xiong X, Chen X. Expression profile in rice panicle: insights into heat response mechanism at reproductive stage. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23155476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049652.g001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice at reproductive stage is more sensitive to environmental changes, and little is known about the mechanism of heat response in rice panicle. Here, using rice microarray, we provided a time course gene expression profile of rice panicle at anther developmental stage 8 after 40°C treatment for 0 min, 20 min, 60 min, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h. The identified differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, transport, cellular homeostasis, and stress response. The predominant transcription factor gene families responsive to heat stress were Hsf, NAC, AP2/ERF, WRKY, MYB, and C(2)H(2). KMC analysis discovered the time-dependent gene expression pattern under heat stress. The motif co-occurrence analysis on the promoters of genes from an early up-regulated cluster showed the important roles of GCC box, HSE, ABRE, and CE3 in response to heat stress. The regulation model central to ROS combined with transcriptome and ROS quantification data in rice panicle indicated the great importance to maintain ROS balance and the existence of wide cross-talk in heat response. The present study increased our understanding of the heat response in rice panicle and provided good candidate genes for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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