1
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Qian D, Li T, Chen S, Wan D, He Y, Zheng C, Li J, Sun Z, Li J, Sun J, Niu Y, Li H, Wang M, Niu Y, Yang Y, An L, Xiang Y. Evolution of the thermostability of actin-depolymerizing factors enhances the adaptation of pollen germination to high temperature. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:881-898. [PMID: 37941457 PMCID: PMC10980419 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Double fertilization in many flowering plants (angiosperms) often occurs during the hot summer season, but the mechanisms that enable angiosperms to adapt specifically to high temperatures are largely unknown. The actin cytoskeleton is essential for pollen germination and the polarized growth of pollen tubes, yet how this process responds to high temperatures remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the high thermal stability of 11 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) is significantly different: ADFs that specifically accumulate in tip-growing cells (pollen and root hairs) exhibit high thermal stability. Through ancestral protein reconstruction, we found that subclass II ADFs (expressed specifically in pollen) have undergone a dynamic wave-like evolution of the retention, loss, and regeneration of thermostable sites. Additionally, the sites of AtADF7 with high thermal stability are conserved in ADFs specific to angiosperm pollen. Moreover, the high thermal stability of ADFs is required to regulate actin dynamics and turnover at high temperatures to promote pollen germination. Collectively, these findings suggest strategies for the adaptation of sexual reproduction to high temperature in angiosperms at the cell biology level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongshi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongxing He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiajing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiejie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junxia Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingzhi Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Muxuan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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Qian D, Li T, Zheng C, Niu Y, Niu Y, Li C, Wang M, Yang Y, An L, Xiang Y. Actin-depolymerizing factors 8 and 11 promote root hair elongation at high pH. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100787. [PMID: 38158655 PMCID: PMC10943588 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A root hair is a polarly elongated single-celled structure that derives from a root epidermal cell and functions in uptake of water and nutrients from the surrounding environment. Previous reports have demonstrated that short periods of high pH inhibit root hair extension; but the effects of long-term high-pH treatment on root hair growth are still unclear. Here, we report that the duration of root hair elongation is significantly prolonged with increasing external pH, which counteracts the effect of decreasing root hair elongation rate and ultimately produces longer root hairs, whereas loss of actin-depolymerizing factor 8 and 11 (ADF8/11) function causes shortening of root hair length at high pH (pH 7.4). Accumulation of ADF8/11 at the tips of root hairs is inhibited by high pH, and increasing environmental pH affects the actin filament (F-actin) meshwork at the root hair tip. At high pH, the tip-focused F-actin meshwork is absent in root hairs of the adf8/11 mutant, actin filaments are disordered at the adf8/11 root hair tips, and actin turnover is attenuated. Secretory and recycling vesicles do not aggregate in the apical region of adf8/11 root hairs at high pH. Together, our results suggest that, under long-term exposure to high extracellular pH, ADF8/11 may establish and maintain the tip-focused F-actin meshwork to regulate polar trafficking of secretory/recycling vesicles at the root hair tips, thereby promoting root hair elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tian Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingzhi Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chengying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Muxuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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3
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Wang J, Shen J, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Qu X, Zhao W, Wang Y, Huang S. Differential sensitivity of ADF isovariants to a pH gradient promotes pollen tube growth. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206074. [PMID: 37610419 PMCID: PMC10445753 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is one of the targets of the pH gradient in tip-growing cells, but how cytosolic pH regulates the actin cytoskeleton remains largely unknown. We here demonstrate that Arabidopsis ADF7 and ADF10 function optimally at different pH levels when disassembling actin filaments. This differential pH sensitivity allows ADF7 and ADF10 to respond to the cytosolic pH gradient to regulate actin dynamics in pollen tubes. ADF7 is an unusual actin-depolymerizing factor with a low optimum pH in in vitro actin depolymerization assays. ADF7 plays a dominant role in promoting actin turnover at the pollen tube apex. ADF10 has a typically high optimum pH in in vitro assays and plays a dominant role in regulating the turnover and organization of subapical actin filaments. Thus, functional specification and cooperation of ADF isovariants with different pH sensitivities enable the coordination of the actin cytoskeleton with the cytosolic pH gradient to support pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng Shen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Zhao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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4
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Yuan G, Gao H, Yang T. Exploring the Role of the Plant Actin Cytoskeleton: From Signaling to Cellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15480. [PMID: 37895158 PMCID: PMC10607326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant actin cytoskeleton is characterized by the basic properties of dynamic array, which plays a central role in numerous conserved processes that are required for diverse cellular functions. Here, we focus on how actins and actin-related proteins (ARPs), which represent two classical branches of a greatly diverse superfamily of ATPases, are involved in fundamental functions underlying signal regulation of plant growth and development. Moreover, we review the structure, assembly dynamics, and biological functions of filamentous actin (F-actin) from a molecular perspective. The various accessory proteins known as actin-binding proteins (ABPs) partner with F-actin to finely tune actin dynamics, often in response to various cell signaling pathways. Our understanding of the significance of the actin cytoskeleton in vital cellular activities has been furthered by comparison of conserved functions of actin filaments across different species combined with advanced microscopic techniques and experimental methods. We discuss the current model of the plant actin cytoskeleton, followed by examples of the signaling mechanisms under the supervision of F-actin related to cell morphogenesis, polar growth, and cytoplasmic streaming. Determination of the theoretical basis of how the cytoskeleton works is important in itself and is beneficial to future applications aimed at improving crop biomass and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Y.); (H.G.)
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5
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Zhang R, Xu Y, Yi R, Shen J, Huang S. Actin cytoskeleton in the control of vesicle transport, cytoplasmic organization, and pollen tube tip growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:9-25. [PMID: 37002825 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes extend rapidly via tip growth. This process depends on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton, which has been implicated in controlling organelle movements, cytoplasmic streaming, vesicle trafficking, and cytoplasm organization in pollen tubes. In this update review, we describe the progress in understanding the organization and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the function of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling vesicle traffic and cytoplasmic organization in pollen tubes. We also discuss the interplay between ion gradients and the actin cytoskeleton that regulates the spatial arrangement and dynamics of actin filaments and the organization of the cytoplasm in pollen tubes. Finally, we describe several signaling components that regulate actin dynamics in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ran Yi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangfeng Shen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Actin depolymerizing factor ADF7 inhibits actin bundling protein VILLIN1 to regulate root hair formation in response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010338. [PMID: 36095000 PMCID: PMC9499291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton is essential for root hair formation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to abiotic stress are largely undiscovered. Here, genetic analysis showed that actin-depolymerizing protein ADF7 and actin-bundling protein VILLIN1 (VLN1) were positively and negatively involved in root hair formation of Arabidopsis respectively. Moreover, RT-qPCR, GUS staining, western blotting, and genetic analysis revealed that ADF7 played an important role in inhibiting the expression and function of VLN1 during root hair formation. Filament actin (F-actin) dynamics observation and actin pharmacological experiments indicated that ADF7-inhibited-VLN1 pathway led to the decline of F-actin bundling and thick bundle formation, as well as the increase of F-actin depolymerization and turnover to promote root hair formation. Furthermore, the F-actin dynamics mediated by ADF7-inhibited-VLN1 pathway was associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in root hair formation. Finally, ADF7-inhibited-VLN1 pathway was critical for osmotic stress-induced root hair formation. Our work demonstrates that ADF7 inhibits VLN1 to regulate F-actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to osmotic stress, providing the novel evidence on the F-actin dynamics and their molecular mechanisms in root hair formation and in abiotic stress. Root hairs are required for plants to absorb nutrients and water. The dynamics of cytoskeleton such as actin filaments (F-actin) are necessary for the formation of root hairs, which is regulated by different kinds of cytoskeleton-binding proteins. At the same time, the dynamics of cytoskeleton are also involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance. However, there are few studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms of F-actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to abiotic stress. Actin depolymerization factor 7 (ADF7) and actin bunding protein Villin 1 (VLN1) are important actin-binding proteins in Arabidopsis. Here, we describe a pathway that ADF7 inhibits VLN1 to regulate F-actin dynamics in root hair formation in response to osmotic stress, providing a new evidence for the studies on the molecular mechanisms of F-actin dynamics in root hair formation and in plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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7
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Jiang Y, Lu Q, Huang S. Functional non-equivalence of pollen ADF isovariants in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1068-1081. [PMID: 35233873 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ADF/cofilin is a central regulator of actin dynamics. We previously demonstrated that two closely related Arabidopsis class IIa ADF isovariants, ADF7 and ADF10, are involved in the enhancement of actin turnover in pollen, but whether they have distinct functions remains unknown. Here, we further demonstrate that they exhibit distinct functions in regulating actin turnover both in vitro and in vivo. We found that ADF7 binds to ADP-G-actin with lower affinity, and severs and depolymerizes actin filaments less efficiently in vitro than ADF10. Accordingly, in pollen grains, ADF7 more extensively decorates actin filaments and is less freely distributed in the cytoplasm compared to ADF10. We further demonstrate that ADF7 and ADF10 show distinct intracellular localizations during pollen germination, and they have non-equivalent functions in promoting actin turnover in pollen. We thus propose that cooperation and labor division of ADF7 and ADF10 enable pollen cells to achieve exquisite control of the turnover of different actin structures to meet different cellular needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jiang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiaonan Lu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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8
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Byun MY, Cui LH, Lee A, Oh HG, Yoo YH, Lee J, Kim WT, Lee H. Abiotic Stress-Induced Actin-Depolymerizing Factor 3 From Deschampsia antarctica Enhanced Cold Tolerance When Constitutively Expressed in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734500. [PMID: 34650582 PMCID: PMC8506025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic flowering plant Deschampsia antarctica is highly sensitive to climate change and has shown rapid population increases during regional warming of the Antarctic Peninsula. Several studies have examined the physiological and biochemical changes related to environmental stress tolerance that allow D. antarctica to colonize harsh Antarctic environments; however, the molecular mechanisms of its responses to environmental changes remain poorly understood. To elucidate the survival strategies of D. antarctica in Antarctic environments, we investigated the functions of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) in this species. We identified eight ADF genes in the transcriptome that were clustered into five subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. DaADF3, which belongs to a monocot-specific clade together with cold-responsive ADF in wheat, showed significant transcriptional induction in response to dehydration and cold, as well as under Antarctic field conditions. Multiple drought and low-temperature responsive elements were identified as possible binding sites of C-repeat-binding factors in the promoter region of DaADF3, indicating a close relationship between DaADF3 transcription control and abiotic stress responses. To investigate the functions of DaADF3 related to abiotic stresses in vivo, we generated transgenic rice plants overexpressing DaADF3. These transgenic plants showed greater tolerance to low-temperature stress than the wild-type in terms of survival rate, leaf chlorophyll content, and electrolyte leakage, accompanied by changes in actin filament organization in the root tips. Together, our results imply that DaADF3 played an important role in the enhancement of cold tolerance in transgenic rice plants and in the adaptation of D. antarctica to its extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Byun
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Li Hua Cui
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andosung Lee
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Geun Oh
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo-Han Yoo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Zhang P, Qian D, Luo C, Niu Y, Li T, Li C, Xiang Y, Wang X, Niu Y. Arabidopsis ADF5 Acts as a Downstream Target Gene of CBFs in Response to Low-Temperature Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635533. [PMID: 33585491 PMCID: PMC7876393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperature is a major adverse environment that affects normal plant growth. Previous reports showed that the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in the plant response to low-temperature stress, but the regulatory mechanism of the actin cytoskeleton in this process is not clear. C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) are the key molecular switches for plants to adapt to cold stress. However, whether CBFs are involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton has not been reported. We found that Arabidopsis actin depolymerizing factor 5 (ADF5), an ADF that evolved F-actin bundling function, was up-regulated at low temperatures. We also demonstrated that CBFs bound to the ADF5 promoter directly in vivo and in vitro. The cold-induced expression of ADF5 was significantly inhibited in the cbfs triple mutant. The freezing resistance of the adf5 knockout mutant was weaker than that of wild type (WT) with or without cold acclimation. After low-temperature treatment, the actin cytoskeleton of WT was relatively stable, but the actin cytoskeletons of adf5, cbfs, and adf5 cbfs were disturbed to varying degrees. Compared to WT, the endocytosis rate of the amphiphilic styryl dye FM4-64 in adf5, cbfs, and adf5 cbfs at low temperature was significantly reduced. In conclusion, CBFs directly combine with the CRT/DRE DNA regulatory element of the ADF5 promoter after low-temperature stress to transcriptionally activate the expression of ADF5; ADF5 further regulates the actin cytoskeleton dynamics to participate in the regulation of plant adaptation to a low-temperature environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changxin Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingzhi Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Xu Y, Huang S. Control of the Actin Cytoskeleton Within Apical and Subapical Regions of Pollen Tubes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:614821. [PMID: 33344460 PMCID: PMC7744591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.614821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, sexual reproduction involves a double fertilization event, which is facilitated by the delivery of two non-motile sperm cells to the ovule by the pollen tube. Pollen tube growth occurs exclusively at the tip and is extremely rapid. It strictly depends on an intact actin cytoskeleton, and is therefore an excellent model for uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying dynamic actin cytoskeleton remodeling. There has been a long-term debate about the organization and dynamics of actin filaments within the apical and subapical regions of pollen tube tips. By combining state-of-the-art live-cell imaging with the usage of mutants which lack different actin-binding proteins, our understanding of the origin, spatial organization, dynamics and regulation of actin filaments within the pollen tube tip has greatly improved. In this review article, we will summarize the progress made in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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11
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Ortega-Ortega Y, Carrasco-Castilla J, Juárez-Verdayes MA, Toscano-Morales R, Fonseca-García C, Nava N, Cárdenas L, Quinto C. Actin Depolymerizing Factor Modulates Rhizobial Infection and Nodule Organogenesis in Common Bean. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061970. [PMID: 32183068 PMCID: PMC7139724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin plays a critical role in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Cytoskeletal rearrangements and changes in actin occur in response to Nod factors secreted by rhizobia during symbiotic interactions with legumes. These cytoskeletal rearrangements are mediated by diverse actin-binding proteins, such as actin depolymerization factors (ADFs). We examined the function of an ADF in the Phaseolus vulgaris-rhizobia symbiotic interaction (PvADFE). PvADFE was preferentially expressed in rhizobia-inoculated roots and nodules. PvADFE promoter activity was associated with root hairs harbouring growing infection threads, cortical cell divisions beneath root hairs, and vascular bundles in mature nodules. Silencing of PvADFE using RNA interference increased the number of infection threads in the transgenic roots, resulting in increased nodule number, nitrogen fixation activity, and average nodule diameter. Conversely, overexpression of PvADFE reduced the nodule number, nitrogen fixation activity, average nodule diameter, as well as NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) and EARLY NODULIN2 (ENOD2) transcript accumulation. Hence, changes in ADFE transcript levels affect rhizobial infection and nodulation, suggesting that ADFE is fine-tuning these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Ortega-Ortega
- Departamento de Biociencias y Agrobiotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada-CONACYT, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Janet Carrasco-Castilla
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos 17 León, León 37358, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Marco A. Juárez-Verdayes
- Departamento de Docencia, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Toscano-Morales
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Citlali Fonseca-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (C.F.-G.); (N.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Noreide Nava
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (C.F.-G.); (N.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (C.F.-G.); (N.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Carmen Quinto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (C.F.-G.); (N.N.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Actin-Depolymerizing Factor ( ADF) Family Genes and Expression Analysis of Responses to Various Stresses in Zea Mays L. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051751. [PMID: 32143437 PMCID: PMC7084653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) is a small class of actin-binding proteins that regulates the dynamics of actin in cells. Moreover, it is well known that the plant ADF family plays key roles in growth, development and defense-related functions. Results: Thirteen maize (Zea mays L., ZmADFs) ADF genes were identified using Hidden Markov Model. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 36 identified ADF genes in Physcomitrella patens, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa japonica, and Zea mays were clustered into five groups. Four pairs of segmental genes were found in the maize ADF gene family. The tissue-specific expression of ZmADFs and OsADFs was analyzed using microarray data obtained from the Maize and Rice eFP Browsers. Five ZmADFs (ZmADF1/2/7/12/13) from group V exhibited specifically high expression in tassel, pollen, and anther. The expression patterns of 13 ZmADFs in seedlings under five abiotic stresses were analyzed using qRT-PCR, and we found that the ADFs mainly responded to heat, salt, drought, and ABA. Conclusions: In our study, we identified ADF genes in maize and analyzed the gene structure and phylogenetic relationships. The results of expression analysis demonstrated that the expression level of ADF genes was diverse in various tissues and different stimuli, including abiotic and phytohormone stresses, indicating their different roles in plant growth, development, and response to external stimulus. This report extends our knowledge to understand the function of ADF genes in maize.
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13
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Huang S, Peng S, Liu Z, Li C, Tan C, Yao R, Li D, Li X, Hou L, Feng H. Investigation of the genes associated with a male sterility mutant (msm) in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis) using RNA-Seq. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 295:233-249. [PMID: 31673754 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Chinese cabbage, hybrid seed production is performed using male sterility lines, an important approach to heterosis utilization. In this study, a stably inherited male sterile mutant msm was obtained from the 'FT'-doubled haploid line of Chinese cabbage using isolated microspore culture combined with 60Co γ-ray mutagenesis. The genetic backgrounds of 'FT' and msm were highly consistent; however, compared with wild-type 'FT', msm exhibited completely degenerated stamens and no pollen phenotype. Other characters showed no significant differences. Cytological observations revealed that stamen abortion in msm begins during the tetrad period and that tapetum cells were abnormally expanded and highly vacuolated, leading to microspore abortion. Genetic analysis indicated that the msm mutant phenotype is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Comparative transcriptome analysis of 'FT' and msm flower buds using RNA-Seq technology revealed 1653 differentially expressed genes, among which, a large number associated with male sterility were detected, including 64 pollen development- and pollen tube growth-related genes, 94 pollen wall development-related genes, 11 phytohormone-related genes, and 16 transcription factor-related genes. An overwhelming majority of these genes were down-regulated in msm compared with 'FT'. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that a variety of carbohydrate metabolic and lipid metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, which may be related to pollen abortion. The expression patterns of 24 male sterility-related genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR. In addition, 24,476 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 413,073 insertion-deletion events were specifically detected in msm. These results will facilitate elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms underlying male sterility in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenling Peng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Tan
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Runpeng Yao
- Department of Horticulture, Tonghua Horticulture Research Institute, Tonghua, 134000, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hou
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Diao M, Li X, Huang S. Arabidopsis AIP1-1 regulates the organization of apical actin filaments by promoting their turnover in pollen tubes. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 63:239-250. [PMID: 31240522 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Apical actin filaments are highly dynamic structures that are crucial for rapid pollen tube growth, but the mechanisms regulating their dynamics and spatial organization remain incompletely understood. We here identify that AtAIP1-1 is important for regulating the turnover and organization of apical actin filaments in pollen tubes. AtAIP1-1 is distributed uniformly in the pollen tube and loss of function of AtAIP1-1 affects the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in the pollen tube. Specifically, actin filaments became disorganized within the apical region of aip1-1 pollen tubes. Consistent with the role of apical actin filaments in spatially restricting vesicles in pollen tubes, the apical region occupied by vesicles becomes enlarged in aip1-1 pollen tubes compared to WT. Using ADF1 as a representative actin-depolymerizing factor, we demonstrate that AtAIP1-1 enhances ADF1-mediated actin depolymerization and filament severing in vitro, although AtAIP1-1 alone does not have an obvious effect on actin assembly and disassembly. The dynamics of apical actin filaments are reduced in aip1-1 pollen tubes compared to WT. Our study suggests that AtAIP1-1 works together with ADF to act as a module in regulating the dynamics of apical actin filaments to facilitate the construction of the unique "apical actin structure" in the pollen tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Diao
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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15
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Sengupta S, Mangu V, Sanchez L, Bedre R, Joshi R, Rajasekaran K, Baisakh N. An actin-depolymerizing factor from the halophyte smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora (SaADF2), is superior to its rice homolog (OsADF2) in conferring drought and salt tolerance when constitutively overexpressed in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:188-205. [PMID: 29851294 PMCID: PMC6330539 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) maintain the cellular actin network dynamics by regulating severing and disassembly of actin filaments in response to environmental cues. An ADF isolated from a monocot halophyte, Spartina alterniflora (SaADF2), imparted significantly higher level of drought and salinity tolerance when expressed in rice than its rice homologue OsADF2. SaADF2 differs from OsADF2 by a few amino acid residues, including a substitution in the regulatory phosphorylation site serine-6, which accounted for its weak interaction with OsCDPK6 (calcium-dependent protein kinase), thus resulting in an increased efficacy of SaADF2 and enhanced cellular actin dynamics. SaADF2 overexpression preserved the actin filament organization better in rice protoplasts under desiccation stress. The predicted tertiary structure of SaADF2 showed a longer F-loop than OsADF2 that could have contributed to higher actin-binding affinity and rapid F-actin depolymerization in vitro by SaADF2. Rice transgenics constitutively overexpressing SaADF2 (SaADF2-OE) showed better growth, relative water content, and photosynthetic and agronomic yield under drought conditions than wild-type (WT) and OsADF2 overexpressers (OsADF2-OE). SaADF2-OE preserved intact grana structure after prolonged drought stress, whereas WT and OsADF2-OE presented highly damaged and disorganized grana stacking. The possible role of ADF2 in transactivation was hypothesized from the comparative transcriptome analyses, which showed significant differential expression of stress-related genes including interacting partners of ADF2 in overexpressers. Identification of a complex, differential interactome decorating or regulating stress-modulated cytoskeleton driven by ADF isoforms will lead us to key pathways that could be potential target for genome engineering to improve abiotic stress tolerance in agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sengupta
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
| | - Venkata Mangu
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Luis Sanchez
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
- Present address:
Escuela Superior Politécnica del LitoralCentro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del EcuadorGuayaquilEcuador
| | - Renesh Bedre
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
- Present address:
Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension CenterWeslacoTXUSA
| | - Rohit Joshi
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Niranjan Baisakh
- School of PlantEnvironmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
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16
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Zhang S, Wang C, Xie M, Liu J, Kong Z, Su H. Actin Bundles in The Pollen Tube. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123710. [PMID: 30469514 PMCID: PMC6321563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiosperm pollen tube delivers two sperm cells into the embryo sac through a unique growth strategy, named tip growth, to accomplish fertilization. A great deal of experiments have demonstrated that actin bundles play a pivotal role in pollen tube tip growth. There are two distinct actin bundle populations in pollen tubes: the long, rather thick actin bundles in the shank and the short, highly dynamic bundles near the apex. With the development of imaging techniques over the last decade, great breakthroughs have been made in understanding the function of actin bundles in pollen tubes, especially short subapical actin bundles. Here, we tried to draw an overall picture of the architecture, functions and underlying regulation mechanism of actin bundles in plant pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Min Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhe Kong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Hui Su
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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17
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Gao Y, Zhang L, Zhao S, Yan Y. Comparative analysis of the male inflorescence transcriptome profiles of an ms22 mutant of maize. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199437. [PMID: 30005064 PMCID: PMC6044530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern agricultural production, maize is the most successful crop utilizing heterosis. 712C-ms22 is an important male sterile material in maize. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing analysis of the V10 stage of male inflorescence. Through this analysis, 27.63 million raw reads were obtained, and trimming of the raw data revealed 26.63 million clean reads, with an average match rate of 94.64%. Using Tophat software, we matched these clean reads to the maize reference genome. The abundance of 39,622 genes was measured, and 35,399 genes remained after filtering out the non-expressed genes across all the samples. These genes were classified into 19 categories by clusters of orthologous groups of protein annotation. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of the male sterile and fertile 712C-ms22 maize revealed some key DEGs that may be related to metabolic pathways. qRT-PCR analysis validated the gene expression patterns identified by RNA-seq. This analysis revealed some of the essential genes responsible for pollen development and for pollen tube elongation. Our findings provide useful markers of male sterility and new insights into the global mechanisms mediating male sterility in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Gao
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (YY)
| | - LiJuan Zhang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - ShengChao Zhao
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanxin Yan
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (YY)
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18
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Jiang Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Chen N, Huang S. ADF10 shapes the overall organization of apical actin filaments by promoting their turnover and ordering in pollen tubes. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3988-4001. [PMID: 29061882 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that Arabidopsis ADF10 plays an important role in shaping the overall organization of apical actin filaments by promoting their turnover and ordering. ADF10 severs and depolymerizes actin filaments in vitro and is distributed throughout the entire pollen tube. In adf10 mutants, severing and monomer dissociation events for apical actin filaments are reduced, and the apical actin structure extends further toward the tube base than in wild-type tubes. In particular, the percentage of apical actin filaments that form large angles to the tube growth axis is much higher in adf10 pollen tubes, and the actin filaments are more randomly distributed, implying that ADF10 promotes their ordering. Consistent with the role of apical actin filaments in physically restricting the movement of vesicles, the region in which apical vesicles accumulate is enlarged at the tip of adf10 pollen tubes. Both tipward and backward movements of small vesicles are altered within the growth domain of adf10 pollen tubes. Thus, our study suggests that ADF10 shapes the organization of apical actin filaments to regulate vesicle trafficking and pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jiang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yurong Xie
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Naizhi Chen
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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19
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Zhu J, Nan Q, Qin T, Qian D, Mao T, Yuan S, Wu X, Niu Y, Bai Q, An L, Xiang Y. Higher-Ordered Actin Structures Remodeled by Arabidopsis ACTIN-DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR5 Are Important for Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1065-1081. [PMID: 28606871 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton are essential for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. ACTIN-DEPOLYMERIZING FACTORs (ADFs) typically contribute to actin turnover by severing/depolymerizing actin filaments. Recently, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis subclass III ADFs (ADF5 and ADF9) evolved F-actin-bundling function from conserved F-actin-depolymerizing function. However, little is known about the physiological function, the evolutional significance, and the actin-bundling mechanism of these neofunctionalized ADFs. Here, we report that loss of ADF5 function caused delayed pollen germination, retarded pollen tube growth, and increased sensitive to latrunculin B (LatB) treatment by affecting the generation and maintenance of actin bundles. Examination of actin filament dynamics in living cells revealed that the bundling frequency was significantly decreased in adf5 pollen tubes, consistent with its biochemical functions. Further biochemical and genetic complementation analyses demonstrated that both the N- and C-terminal actin-binding domains of ADF5 are required for its physiological and biochemical functions. Interestingly, while both are atypical actin-bundling ADFs, ADF5, but not ADF9, plays an important role in mature pollen physiological activities. Taken together, our results suggest that ADF5 has evolved the function of bundling actin filaments and plays an important role in the formation, organization, and maintenance of actin bundles during pollen germination and pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingen Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiong Nan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shunjie Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qifeng Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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20
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Yang Q, Wang S, Wu C, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Hao L, Gu Z, Li W, Li T. Malus domestica ADF1 severs actin filaments in growing pollen tubes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:455-463. [PMID: 32480578 DOI: 10.1071/fp16360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic actin cytoskeleton is essential for pollen tube growth and germination. However, the molecular mechanism that determines the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton in pollen remains poorly understood. ADF modulates the structure and dynamics of actin filaments and influences the higher-order organisation of the actin cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. Members of the ADF family have been shown to have important functions in pollen tube growth. However, the role of this gene family remains largely unknown in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). In this study, we identified seven ADFs in the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MdADF1 clusters with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. AtADF7, ADF8, ADF10 and AtADF11. We performed sequence alignments and analysed the domain structures of the seven MdADF proteins and identified the chromosome locations of the encoding genes. We cloned the gene encoding MdADF1 from 'Ralls Janet' apple and found that it was strongly expressed in pollen. Biochemical assays revealed that MdADF1 directly bound to and severed F-actin under low Ca2+ conditions. We demonstrated that knockdown of MdADF1 inhibited pollen tube growth and reduced the pollen germination rate, but rendered the pollen insensitive to treatment with Latrunculin B, an actin depolymerising agent. Taken together, our results provide insight into the function of MdADF1 and serve as a reference for studies of ADF in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - ShengNan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - ChuanBao Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - QiuLei Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - QiuJu Chen
- Institute of Pomology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Hao
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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21
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Chao Q, Gao ZF, Wang YF, Li Z, Huang XH, Wang YC, Mei YC, Zhao BG, Li L, Jiang YB, Wang BC. The proteome and phosphoproteome of maize pollen uncovers fertility candidate proteins. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:287-304. [PMID: 26969016 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Maize is unique since it is both monoecious and diclinous (separate male and female flowers on the same plant). We investigated the proteome and phosphoproteome of maize pollen containing modified proteins and here we provide a comprehensive pollen proteome and phosphoproteome which contain 100,990 peptides from 6750 proteins and 5292 phosphorylated sites corresponding to 2257 maize phosphoproteins, respectively. Interestingly, among the total 27 overrepresented phosphosite motifs we identified here, 11 were novel motifs, which suggested different modification mechanisms in plants compared to those of animals. Enrichment analysis of pollen phosphoproteins showed that pathways including DNA synthesis/chromatin structure, regulation of RNA transcription, protein modification, cell organization, signal transduction, cell cycle, vesicle transport, transport of ions and metabolisms, which were involved in pollen development, the following germination and pollen tube growth, were regulated by phosphorylation. In this study, we also found 430 kinases and 105 phosphatases in the maize pollen phosphoproteome, among which calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), leucine rich repeat kinase, SNF1 related protein kinases and MAPK family proteins were heavily enriched and further analyzed. From our research, we also uncovered hundreds of male sterility-associated proteins and phosphoproteins that might influence maize productivity and serve as targets for hybrid maize seed production. At last, a putative complex signaling pathway involving CDPKs, MAPKs, ubiquitin ligases and multiple fertility proteins was constructed. Overall, our data provides new insight for further investigation of protein phosphorylation status in mature maize pollen and construction of maize male sterile mutants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Gao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yue-Feng Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xia-He Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying-Chang Mei
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Biligen-Gaowa Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yu-Bo Jiang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Bai-Chen Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
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22
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Zhang M, Zhang R, Qu X, Huang S. Arabidopsis FIM5 decorates apical actin filaments and regulates their organization in the pollen tube. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3407-17. [PMID: 27117336 PMCID: PMC4892729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is increasingly recognized as a major regulator of pollen tube growth. Actin filaments have distinct distribution patterns and dynamic properties within different regions of the pollen tube. Apical actin filaments are highly dynamic and crucial for pollen tube growth. However, how apical actin filaments are generated and properly constructed remains an open question. Here we showed that Arabidopsis fimbrin5 (FIM5) decorates filamentous structures throughout the entire tube but is apically concentrated. Apical actin structures are disorganized to different degrees in the pollen tubes of fim5 loss-of-function mutants. Further observations suggest that apical actin structures are not constructed properly because apical actin filaments cannot be maintained at the cortex of fim5 pollen tubes. Actin filaments appeared to be more curved in fim5 pollen tubes and this was confirmed by measurements showing that the convolutedness and the rate of change of convolutedness of actin filaments was significantly increased in fim5 pollen tubes. This suggests that the rigidity of the actin filaments may be compromised in fim5 pollen tubes. Further, the apical cell wall composition is altered, implying that tip-directed vesicle trafficking events are impaired in fim5 pollen tubes. Thus, we found that FIM5 decorates apical actin filaments and regulates their organization in order to drive polarized pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ruihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 China Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101 China
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Inada N, Higaki T, Hasezawa S. Nuclear Function of Subclass I Actin-Depolymerizing Factor Contributes to Susceptibility in Arabidopsis to an Adapted Powdery Mildew Fungus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1420-34. [PMID: 26747284 PMCID: PMC4775110 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) are conserved proteins that function in regulating the structure and dynamics of actin microfilaments in eukaryotes. In this study, we present evidence that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) subclass I ADFs, particularly ADF4, functions as a susceptibility factor for an adapted powdery mildew fungus. The null mutant of ADF4 significantly increased resistance against the adapted powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii. The degree of resistance was further enhanced in transgenic plants in which the expression of all subclass I ADFs (i.e. ADF1-ADF4) was suppressed. Microscopic observations revealed that the enhanced resistance of adf4 and ADF1-4 knockdown plants (ADF1-4Ri) was associated with the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and cell death specific to G. orontii-infected cells. The increased resistance and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in ADF1-4Ri were suppressed by the introduction of mutations in the salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-signaling pathways but not by a mutation in the ethylene-signaling pathway. Quantification by microscopic images detected an increase in the level of actin microfilament bundling in ADF1-4Ri but not in adf4 at early G. orontii infection time points. Interestingly, complementation analysis revealed that nuclear localization of ADF4 was crucial for susceptibility to G. orontii. Based on its G. orontii-infected-cell-specific phenotype, we suggest that subclass I ADFs are susceptibility factors that function in a direct interaction between the host plant and the powdery mildew fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Inada
- Laboratory of Plant Function Analysis, Plant Global Educational Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (N.I.); andDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan (T.H., S.H.)
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Laboratory of Plant Function Analysis, Plant Global Educational Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (N.I.); andDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan (T.H., S.H.)
| | - Seiichiro Hasezawa
- Laboratory of Plant Function Analysis, Plant Global Educational Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (N.I.); andDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan (T.H., S.H.)
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Kamal AHM, Komatsu S. Proteins involved in biophoton emission and flooding-stress responses in soybean under light and dark conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:73-89. [PMID: 26754663 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To know the molecular systems basically flooding conditions in soybean, biophoton emission measurements and proteomic analyses were carried out for flooding-stressed roots under light and dark conditions. Photon emission was analyzed using a photon counter. Gel-free quantitative proteomics were performed to identify significant changes proteins using the nano LC-MS along with SIEVE software. Biophoton emissions were significantly increased in both light and dark conditions after flooding stress, but gradually decreased with continued flooding exposure compared to the control plants. Among the 120 significantly identified proteins in the roots of soybean plants, 73 and 19 proteins were decreased and increased in the light condition, respectively, and 4 and 24 proteins were increased and decreased, respectively, in the dark condition. The proteins were mainly functionally grouped into cell organization, protein degradation/synthesis, and glycolysis. The highly abundant lactate/malate dehydrogenase proteins were decreased in flooding-stressed roots exposed to light, whereas the lysine ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme was increased in both light and dark conditions. Notably, however, specific enzyme assays revealed that the activities of these enzymes and biophoton emission were sharply increased after 3 days of flooding stress. This finding suggests that the source of biophoton emission in roots might involve the chemical excitation of electron or proton through enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation and reduction reactions. Moreover, the lysine ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme may play important roles in responses in flooding stress of soybean under the light condition and as a contributing factor to biophoton emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan.
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Transcriptome profiling of differentially expressed genes in floral buds and flowers of male sterile and fertile lines in watermelon. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:914. [PMID: 26552448 PMCID: PMC4640349 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Male sterility is an important mechanism for the production of hybrid seeds in watermelon. Although fruit development has been studied extensively in watermelon, there are no reports on gene expression in floral organs. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in two near-isogenic watermelon lines (genic male sterile [GMS] line, DAH3615-MS and male fertile line, DAH3615) to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to male sterility. Results DEG analysis showed that 1259 genes were significantly associated with male sterility at a FDR P-value of < 0.01. Most of these genes were only expressed in the male fertile line. In addition, 11 functional clusters were identified using DAVID functional classification analysis. Of detected genes in RNA-seq analysis, 19 were successfully validated by qRT-PCR. Conclusions In this study, we carried out a comprehensive floral transcriptome sequence comparison of a male fertile line and its near-isogenic male sterile line in watermelon. This analysis revealed essential genes responsible for stamen development, including pollen development and pollen tube elongation, and allowed their functional classification. These results provided new information on global mechanisms related to male sterility in watermelon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2186-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zermiani M, Begheldo M, Nonis A, Palme K, Mizzi L, Morandini P, Nonis A, Ruperti B. Identification of the Arabidopsis RAM/MOR signalling network: adding new regulatory players in plant stem cell maintenance and cell polarization. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:69-89. [PMID: 26078466 PMCID: PMC4479753 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The RAM/MOR signalling network of eukaryotes is a conserved regulatory module involved in co-ordination of stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation and polarity establishment. To date, no such signalling network has been identified in plants. METHODS Genes encoding the bona fide core components of the RAM/MOR pathway were identified in Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis) by sequence similarity searches conducted with the known components from other species. The transcriptional network(s) of the arabidopsis RAM/MOR signalling pathway were identified by running in-depth in silico analyses for genes co-regulated with the core components. In situ hybridization was used to confirm tissue-specific expression of selected RAM/MOR genes. KEY RESULTS Co-expression data suggested that the arabidopsis RAM/MOR pathway may include genes involved in floral transition, by co-operating with chromatin remodelling and mRNA processing/post-transcriptional gene silencing factors, and genes involved in the regulation of pollen tube polar growth. The RAM/MOR pathway may act upstream of the ROP1 machinery, affecting pollen tube polar growth, based on the co-expression of its components with ROP-GEFs. In silico tissue-specific co-expression data and in situ hybridization experiments suggest that different components of the arabidopsis RAM/MOR are expressed in the shoot apical meristem and inflorescence meristem and may be involved in the fine-tuning of stem cell maintenance and cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The arabidopsis RAM/MOR pathway may be part of the signalling cascade that converges in pollen tube polarized growth and in fine-tuning stem cell maintenance, differentiation and organ polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zermiani
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy, University Centre of Statistics for Biomedical Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Department of BioSciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy and CNR Biophysics Institute (Milan Section), Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Begheldo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy, University Centre of Statistics for Biomedical Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Department of BioSciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy and CNR Biophysics Institute (Milan Section), Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nonis
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy, University Centre of Statistics for Biomedical Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Department of BioSciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy and CNR Biophysics Institute (Milan Section), Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Klaus Palme
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy, University Centre of Statistics for Biomedical Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Department of BioSciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy and CNR Biophysics Institute (Milan Section), Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy, University Centre of Statistics for Biomedical Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Department of BioSciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy and CNR Biophysics Institute (Milan Section), Via Celoria 26, 2
| | - Luca Mizzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy, University Centre of Statistics for Biomedical Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Department of BioSciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy and CNR Biophysics Institute (Milan Section), Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy, University Centre of Statistics for Biomedical Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Department of BioSciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy and CNR Biophysics Institute (Milan Section), Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Nonis
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy, University Centre of Statistics for Biomedical Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Department of BioSciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy and CNR Biophysics Institute (Milan Section), Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy, University Centre of Statistics for Biomedical Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Department of BioSciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy and CNR Biophysics Institute (Milan Section), Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Lu L, Wu G, Xu X, Luan H, Zhi H, Cui J, Cui X, Chen X. Soybean actin-depolymerizing factor 2 interacts with Soybean mosaic virus-encoded P3 protein. Virus Genes 2015; 50:333-9. [PMID: 25537947 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the Potyvirus genus, is one of the most prevalent and devastating viral pathogens in soybean-growing regions worldwide. It is generally accepted that symptom development of a viral plant disease results from molecular interactions between the virus and its host plant. P3 protein is the most variable polyprotein in potyviruses, which potentially plays an important role in the process of the evolution of virus type specialization. However, P3 not only plays a major role in virus replication and movement, but it is also responsible for symptom development in SMV-infected plants. This study provides evidence that actin-depolymerizing factor 2 (designated as ADF2) of soybean interacts with SMV P3 via a two-hybrid yeast system by screening a soybean cDNA library. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay further confirmed the interaction, which occurred in both the cytomembrane and cytoskeleton of Nicotiana benthamiana cells. The results support the hypothesis that SMV P3 might have a role in virus movement within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Qu X, Jiang Y, Chang M, Liu X, Zhang R, Huang S. Organization and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in the pollen tube. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 5:786. [PMID: 25620974 PMCID: PMC4287052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Proper organization of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial for pollen tube growth. However, the precise mechanisms by which the actin cytoskeleton regulates pollen tube growth remain to be further elucidated. The functions of the actin cytoskeleton are dictated by its spatial organization and dynamics. However, early observations of the distribution of actin filaments at the pollen tube apex were quite perplexing, resulting in decades of controversial debate. Fortunately, due to improvements in fixation regimens for staining actin filaments in fixed pollen tubes, as well as the adoption of appropriate markers for visualizing actin filaments in living pollen tubes, this issue has been resolved and has given rise to the consensus view of the spatial distribution of actin filaments throughout the entire pollen tube. Importantly, recent descriptions of the dynamics of individual actin filaments in the apical region have expanded our understanding of the function of actin in regulation of pollen tube growth. Furthermore, careful documentation of the function and mode of action of several actin-binding proteins expressed in pollen have provided novel insights into the regulation of actin spatial distribution and dynamics. In the current review, we summarize our understanding of the organization, dynamics, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in the pollen tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Qu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ruihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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Osaka M, Matsuda T, Sakazono S, Masuko-Suzuki H, Maeda S, Sewaki M, Sone M, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Iwano M, Takayama S, Shimizu KK, Yano K, Lim YP, Suzuki G, Suwabe K, Watanabe M. Cell type-specific transcriptome of Brassicaceae stigmatic papilla cells from a combination of laser microdissection and RNA sequencing. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1894-906. [PMID: 24058146 PMCID: PMC3814185 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollination is an early and critical step in plant reproduction, leading to successful fertilization. It consists of many sequential processes, including adhesion of pollen grains onto the surface of stigmatic papilla cells, foot formation to strengthen pollen-stigma interaction, pollen hydration and germination, and pollen tube elongation and penetration. We have focused on an examination of the expressed genes in papilla cells, to increase understanding of the molecular systems of pollination. From three representative species of Brassicaceae (Arabidopsis thaliana, A. halleri and Brassica rapa), stigmatic papilla cells were isolated precisely by laser microdissection, and cell type-specific gene expression in papilla cells was determined by RNA sequencing. As a result, 17,240, 19,260 and 21,026 unigenes were defined in papilla cells of A. thaliana, A. halleri and B. rapa, respectively, and, among these, 12,311 genes were common to all three species. Among the17,240 genes predicted in A. thaliana, one-third were papilla specific while approximately half of the genes were detected in all tissues examined. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that genes related to a wide range of reproduction and development functions are expressed in papilla cells, particularly metabolism, transcription and membrane-mediated information exchange. These results reflect the conserved features of general cellular function and also the specific reproductive role of papilla cells, highlighting a complex cellular system regulated by a diverse range of molecules in these cells. This study provides fundamental biological knowledge to dissect the molecular mechanisms of pollination in papilla cells and will shed light on our understanding of plant reproduction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Osaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, 514-8507 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Satomi Sakazono
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Maeda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Misato Sewaki
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, 514-8507 Japan
| | - Mikako Sone
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Megumi Iwano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Seiji Takayama
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro Yano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Suzuki
- Division of Natural Science, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara 582-8582, Japan
| | - Keita Suwabe
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, 514-8507 Japan
- *Corresponding authors: Masao Watanabe, E-mail, ; Fax, +81-22-217-5683; Keita Suwabe, E-mail, ; Fax, +81-59-231-9540
| | - Masao Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
- *Corresponding authors: Masao Watanabe, E-mail, ; Fax, +81-22-217-5683; Keita Suwabe, E-mail, ; Fax, +81-59-231-9540
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Daher FB, Geitmann A. Actin depolymerizing factors ADF7 and ADF10 play distinct roles during pollen development and pollen tube growth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:879-81. [PMID: 22751315 PMCID: PMC3583979 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An important player in actin remodeling is the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) which increases actin filament treadmilling rates. Previously, we had prepared fluorescent protein fusions of two Arabidopsis pollen specific ADFs, ADF7 and ADF10. These had enabled us to determine the temporal expression patterns and subcellular localization of these proteins during male gametophyte development. Here we generated stable transformants containing both chimeric genes allowing for simultaneous imaging and direct comparison. One of the striking differences between the two proteins was the localization profile in the growing pollen tube apex. Whereas ADF10 was associated with the filamentous actin array forming the subapical actin fringe, ADF7 was present in the same cytoplasmic region, but in diffuse form. This suggests that ADF7 is involved in the high actin turnover that is likely to occur in the fringe by continuously and efficiently depolymerizing filamentous actin and supplying monomeric actin to the advancing end of the fringe. The possibility to visualize both of these pollen-specific ADFs simultaneously opens avenues for future research into the regulatory function of actin binding proteins in pollen.
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Ye J, Xu M. Actin bundler PLIM2s are involved in the regulation of pollen development and tube growth in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:516-22. [PMID: 22209219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microspores develop inside the anther, where they are surrounded by nourishing tapetal cells. However, many cellular processes occurring during microspore development in the locule are poorly characterized. The actin cytoskeleton is known to play a crucial role in various aspects of the plant developmental process. During pollen tube tip growth, actin cytoskeleton serves as an efficient molecular transportation track, although how it functions in pollen development is unknown. The plant actin bundler PLIM2s have been shown to regulate actin bundling in different cells. Here, we investigate the biological function of three Arabidopsis pollen-specific LIM proteins, PLIM2a, PLIM2b, and PLIM2c (collectively, PLIM2s), in pollen development and tube growth. Variable degrees of suppressed expression of the PLIM2s by RNA interference resulted in aberrant phenotypes. Complete suppression of the PLIM2s totally disrupted pollen development, producing abortive pollen grains and rendering the transgenic plants sterile. Partial suppression of the PLIM2s arrested pollen tube growth to a lesser extent, resulting in short and swollen pollen tubes. Finally, the PLIM2c promoter initiated expression in pollen during stamen filament elongation, and the PLIM2c protein was located on particle structures in the developing pollen grains in Arabidopsis. These suggest that the actin bundler, PLIM2s, are an important factor for Arabidopsis pollen development and tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Ye
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Chebli Y, Geitmann A. Gravity research on plants: use of single-cell experimental models. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:56. [PMID: 22639598 PMCID: PMC3355640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Future space missions and implementation of permanent bases on Moon and Mars will greatly depend on the availability of ambient air and sustainable food supply. Therefore, understanding the effects of altered gravity conditions on plant metabolism and growth is vital for space missions and extra-terrestrial human existence. In this mini-review we summarize how plant cells are thought to perceive changes in magnitude and orientation of the gravity vector. The particular advantages of several single-celled model systems for gravity research are explored and an overview over recent advancements and potential use of these systems is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Chebli
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anja Geitmann
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
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