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Han B, Yan J, Wu T, Yang X, Wang Y, Ding G, Hammond J, Wang C, Xu F, Wang S, Shi L. Proteomics reveals the significance of vacuole Pi transporter in the adaptability of Brassica napus to Pi deprivation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1340867. [PMID: 38590751 PMCID: PMC11000671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1340867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Vacuolar Pi transporters (VPTs) have recently been identified as important regulators of cellular Pi status in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. In the oil crop Brassica napus, BnA09PHT5;1a and BnC09PHT5;1a are two homologs of AtPHT5;1, the vacuolar Pi influx transporter in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that Pi deficiency induces the transcription of both homologs of PHT5;1a genes in B. napus leaves. Brassica PHT5;1a double mutants (DM) had smaller shoots and higher cellular Pi concentrations than wild-type (WT, Westar 10), suggesting the potential role of BnPHT5;1a in modulating cellular Pi status in B. napus. A proteomic analysis was performed to estimate the role of BnPHT5;1a in Pi fluctuation. Results show that Pi deprivation disturbs the abundance of proteins in the physiological processes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, response to stimulus and stress in B. napus, while disruption of BnPHT5;1a genes may exacerbate these processes. Besides, the processes of cell redox homeostasis, lipid metabolic and proton transmembrane transport are supposed to be unbalanced in BnPHT5;1a DM under the -Pi condition. Noteworthy, disruption of BnPHT5;1a genes severely alters the abundance of proteins related to ATP biosynthesis, and proton/inorganic cation transmembrane under normal Pi condition, which might contribute to B. napus growth limitations. Additionally, seven new protein markers of Pi homeostasis are identified in B. napus. Taken together, this study characterizes the important regulatory role of BnPHT5;1a genes as vacuolar Pi influx transporters in Pi homeostasis in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjun Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - John Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Chuang Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Rodrigues DM, Coradi PC, Teodoro LPR, Teodoro PE, Moraes RDS, Leal MM. Monitoring and predicting corn grain quality on the transport and post-harvest operations in storage units using sensors and machine learning models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6232. [PMID: 38486079 PMCID: PMC10940695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the intergranular variables of corn grain mass during the transportation, drying, and storage stages it possible to predict and avoid potential grain quality losses. For monitoring the grain mass along the transport, a probe system with temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide sensors was developed to determine the equilibrium moisture content and the respiration of the grain mass. These same variables were monitored during storage. At drying process, the drying air and grain mass temperatures, as well as the relative humidity, were monitored. For the prediction of the physical and physical-chemical quality of the grains, the results obtained from the monitoring were used as input data for the multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, decision tree, and random forest models. A Pearson correlation was applied to verify the relationship between the monitored and predicted variables. From the results obtained, we verified that the intergranular relative humidity altered the equilibrium moisture content of the grains, contributing to the increased respiration and hence dry matter losses along the transport. At this stage, the artificial neural network model was the most indicated to predict the electrical conductivity, apparent specific mass, and germination. The random forest model satisfactorily estimated the dry matter loss. During drying, the air temperature caused volumetric contraction and thermal damage to the grains, increasing the electric conductivity index. Artificial neural network and random forest models were the most suitable for predicting the quality of dry grains. During storage, the environmental conditions altered the moisture contents causing a reduction in the apparent specific mass, germination, and crude protein, crude fiber, and fat contents. Artificial neural network and random forest were the best predictors of moisture content and germination. However, the random forest model was the best predictor of apparent specific mass, electrical conductivity, and starch content of stored grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dágila Melo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Postharvest, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Highway Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo DAreia, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 96506-322, Brazil
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenue Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Carteri Coradi
- Laboratory of Postharvest, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Highway Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo DAreia, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 96506-322, Brazil.
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenue Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Chapadão do Sul, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79560-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Chapadão do Sul, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79560-000, Brazil
| | - Rosana Dos Santos Moraes
- Laboratory of Postharvest, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Highway Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo DAreia, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 96506-322, Brazil
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenue Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marisa Menezes Leal
- Laboratory of Postharvest, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Highway Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo DAreia, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 96506-322, Brazil
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenue Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
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Guo H, Xu C, Wang F, Jiang L, Lei X, Zhang M, Li R, Lan X, Xia Z, Wang Z, Wu Y. Transcriptome sequencing and functional verification revealed the roles of exogenous magnesium in tobacco anti-PVY infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232279. [PMID: 37577430 PMCID: PMC10414187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) infection causes necrosis and curling of leaves, which seriously affect the yield and quality of Solanaceous crops. The roles of nutrient elements in the regulation of plant resistance to virus infection has been widely reported, while the mechanisms are poorly studied. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that foliar spraying of MgSO4 could induce Nicotiana tabacum resistance to PVY by increasing the activity of defense-related enzymes. Consistent with the results, we found that exogenous magnesium (Mg) had a certain effect on N. tabacum anti-PVY infection. Meanwhile, Illumina RNA sequencing revealed that Mg induced resistance to PVY infection was mainly by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and transportation, nitrogen metabolism, Ca2+ signal transduction and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, we used virus-induced gene silencing assays to verify the function of homologs of five N. tabacum genes involved in above pathways in N. benthamiana. The results showed that NbTPS and NbGBE were conducive to PVY infection, while NbPPases and NbNR were related to resistance to PVY infection. These results suggested a novel strategy for resistance to PVY infection and provided a theoretical basis for virus-resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuantao Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Lianqiang Jiang
- Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Xichang, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Lan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Zanotto S, Bertrand A, Purves RW, Olsen JE, Elessawy FM, Ergon Å. Biochemical changes after cold acclimation in Nordic red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) accessions with contrasting levels of freezing tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13953. [PMID: 37318218 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tolerate low freezing temperatures is an important component of winter survival and persistence of red clover. Cold acclimation (CA) allows plants to acquire higher levels of freezing tolerance. However, the biochemical responses to cold and the importance of such changes for the plant to acquire adequate freezing tolerance have not been investigated in red clover of Nordic origin, which has a distinct genetic background. To shed light on this, we selected five freezing tolerant (FT) and five freezing susceptible (FS) accessions and studied the effect of CA on the contents of carbohydrates, amino acids, and phenolic compounds in the crowns. Among those compounds which increased during CA, FT accessions had higher contents of raffinose, pinitol, arginine, serine, alanine, valine, phenylalanine, and one phenolic compound (a pinocembrin hexoside derivative) than FS accessions, suggesting a role for these compounds in the freezing tolerance in the selected accessions. These findings, together with a description of the phenolic profile of red clover crowns, significantly add to the current knowledge of the biochemical changes during CA and their role in freezing tolerance in Nordic red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotto
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Annick Bertrand
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Randy W Purves
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jorunn E Olsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Fatma M Elessawy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Åshild Ergon
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Yang L, Song W, Xu C, Sapey E, Jiang D, Wu C. Effects of high night temperature on soybean yield and compositions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1065604. [PMID: 36890900 PMCID: PMC9987466 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1065604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soybean is sensitive to light and temperature. Under the background of global asymmetric climate warming. METHODS The increase of night temperature may have an important impact on soybean yield. In this study, three varieties with different level of protein were planted under 18°C and 28°C night temperatures for investigating the effects of high night temperatures on soybean yield formation and the dynamic changes of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) during the seed filling period (R5-R7). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results indicated that high night temperatures resulted in smaller seed size, lower seed weight, and a reduced number of effective pods and seeds per plant, and thus, a significant reduction in yield per plant. Analysis of the seed composition variations showed carbohydrates were more substantially affected by high night temperature than protein and oil. We observed "carbon hunger" caused by high night temperature increased photosynthesis and sucrose accumulation in the leaves during the early stage of high night temperature treatment. With elongated treated time, the excessive carbon consumption led to the decrease of sucrose accumulation in soybean seeds. Transcriptome analysis of leaves after 7 days of treatment showed that the expression of most sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphatase genes decreased significantly under the high night temperature. Which could be another important reason for the decrease of sucrose. These findings provided a theoretical basis for enhancing the tolerance of soybean to high night temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Song
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cailong Xu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enoch Sapey
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Oil Palm Research Institute, Kade, Ghana
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cunxiang Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Vilasboa J, Da Costa CT, Fett-Neto AG. Environmental Modulation of Mini-Clonal Gardens for Cutting Production and Propagation of Hard- and Easy-to-Root Eucalyptus spp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3281. [PMID: 36501321 PMCID: PMC9740115 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clonal Eucalyptus propagation is essential for various industry sectors. It requires cuttings to successfully develop adventitious roots (ARs). Environmental conditions are influential on AR development and may be altered to modulate the productivity of hard-to-root clones. The current knowledge gap in research on the physiological patterns underlying commercial-scale propagation results hinders the design of novel strategies. This study aimed to identify patterns of variation in AR-relevant parameters in contrasting seasons and species with distinct rooting performances. E. dunnii and E. ×urograndis (hard- (hardR) and easy-to-root (easyR), respectively) mini-stumps were subjected to light modulation treatments and to mini-tunnel use (MT) for a year. The treatment impact on the branching and rooting rates was recorded. The carbohydrate content, AR-related gene expression, and mineral nutrition profiles of cuttings from the control (Ctrl) and treated mini-stumps were analyzed. Light treatments were often detrimental to overall productivity, while MTs had a positive effect during summer, when it altered the cutting leaf nutrient profiles. Species and seasonality played large roles in all the assessed parameters. E. ×urograndis was particularly susceptible to seasonality, and its overall superior performance correlated with changes in its gene expression profile from excision to AR formation. These patterns indicate fundamental differences between easyR and hardR clones that contribute to the design of data-driven management strategies aiming to enhance propagation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnatan Vilasboa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Cibele T. Da Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Arthur G. Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
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The Role of Nano-selenium in Alleviating the Effects of Salt Stress in Date Palm Trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.): a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Study. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-01046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Biotechnological Advances to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912053. [PMID: 36233352 PMCID: PMC9570234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges that agriculture is facing in the twenty-first century are increasing droughts, water scarcity, flooding, poorer soils, and extreme temperatures due to climate change. However, most crops are not tolerant to extreme climatic environments. The aim in the near future, in a world with hunger and an increasing population, is to breed and/or engineer crops to tolerate abiotic stress with a higher yield. Some crop varieties display a certain degree of tolerance, which has been exploited by plant breeders to develop varieties that thrive under stress conditions. Moreover, a long list of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance have been identified and characterized by molecular techniques and overexpressed individually in plant transformation experiments. Nevertheless, stress tolerance phenotypes are polygenetic traits, which current genomic tools are dissecting to exploit their use by accelerating genetic introgression using molecular markers or site-directed mutagenesis such as CRISPR-Cas9. In this review, we describe plant mechanisms to sense and tolerate adverse climate conditions and examine and discuss classic and new molecular tools to select and improve abiotic stress tolerance in major crops.
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Geisler M, Buerki S, Serpe MD. Herbivory Amplifies Adverse Effects of Drought on Seedling Recruitment in a Keystone Species of Western North American Rangelands. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2628. [PMID: 36235494 PMCID: PMC9573362 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biotic interactions can affect a plant's ability to withstand drought. Such an effect may impact the restoration of the imperiled western North American sagebrush steppe, where seedlings are exposed to summer drought. This study investigated the impact of herbivory on seedlings' drought tolerance for a keystone species in this steppe, the shrub Artemisia tridentata. Herbivory effects were investigated in two field experiments where seedlings were without tree protectors or within plastic or metal-mesh tree protectors. Treatment effects were statistically evaluated on herbivory, survival, leaf water potential, and inflorescence development. Herbivory occurrence was 80% higher in seedlings without protectors. This damage occurred in early spring and was likely caused by ground squirrels. Most plants recovered, but herbivory was associated with higher mortality during the summer when seedlings experienced water potentials between -2.5 and -7 MPa. However, there were no differences in water potential between treatments, suggesting that the browsed plants were less tolerant of the low water potentials experienced. Twenty months after outplanting, the survival of plants without protectors was 40 to 60% lower than those with protectors. The percentage of live plants developing inflorescences was approximately threefold higher in plants with protectors. Overall, spring herbivory amplified susceptibility to drought and delayed reproductive development.
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Zepeda AC, Heuvelink E, Marcelis LFM. Non-structural carbohydrate dynamics and growth in tomato plants grown at fluctuating light and temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968881. [PMID: 36262659 PMCID: PMC9574331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in light intensity and temperature lead to periods of asynchrony between carbon (C) supply by photosynthesis and C demand by the plant organs. Storage and remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are important processes that allow plants to buffer these fluctuations. We aimed to test the hypothesis that C storage and remobilization can buffer the effects of temperature and light fluctuations on growth of tomato plants. Tomato plants were grown at temperature amplitudes of 3 or 10°C (deviation around the mean of 22°C) combined with integration periods (IP) of 2 or 10 days. Temperature and light were applied in Phase (high temperature simultaneously with high light intensity, (400 μmol m-2 s-1), low temperature simultaneously with low light intensity (200 μmol m-2 s-1) or in Antiphase (high temperature with low light intensity, low temperature with high light intensity). A control treatment with constant temperature (22°C) and a constant light intensity (300 μmol m-2 s-1) was also applied. After 20 days all treatments had received the same temperature and light integral. Differences in final structural dry weight were relatively small, while NSC concentrations were highly dynamic and followed changes of light and temperature (a positive correlation with decreasing temperature and increasing light intensity). High temperature and low light intensity lead to depletion of the NSC pool, but NSC level never dropped below 8% of the plant weight and this fraction was not mobilizable. Our results suggest that growing plants under fluctuating conditions do not necessarily have detrimental effects on plant growth and may improve biomass production in plants. These findings highlight the importance in the NSC pool dynamics to buffer fluctuations of light and temperature on plant structural growth.
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Zhu J, Zhou L, Li T, Ruan Y, Zhang A, Dong X, Zhu Y, Li C, Fan J. Genome-Wide Investigation and Characterization of SWEET Gene Family with Focus on Their Evolution and Expression during Hormone and Abiotic Stress Response in Maize. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101682. [PMID: 36292567 PMCID: PMC9601529 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) family is an important group of transport carriers for carbon partitioning in plants and has important functions in growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. Although the SWEET family is an important sugar transporter, little is known of the functions of the SWEET family in maize (Zea mays), especially in response to abiotic stresses. To further explore the response pattern of maize SWEET to abiotic stress, a bioinformatics-based approach was used to predict and identify the maize SWEET gene (ZmSWEET) family. Twenty-four ZmSWEET genes were identified using the MaizeGDB database. Phylogenetic analysis resolved these twenty-four genes into four clades. One tandem and five segmental duplication events were identified, which played a major role in ZmSWEET family expansion. Synteny analysis provided insight into the evolutionary characteristics of the ZmSWEET genes with those of three graminaceous crop species. A heatmap showed that most ZmSWEET genes responded to at least one type of abiotic stress. By an abscisic acid signaling pathway, among which five genes were significantly induced under NaCl treatment, eight were obviously up-regulated under PEG treatment and five were up-regulated under Cd stress, revealing their potential functions in response to abiotic stress. These findings will help to explain the evolutionary links of the ZmSWEET family and contribute to future studies on the functional characteristics of ZmSWEET genes, and then improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize through molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianfeng Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanshu Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Jinjuan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (J.F.)
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Liu H, Wang Q, Wang J, Liu Y, Renzeng W, Zhao G, Niu K. Key factors for differential drought tolerance in two contrasting wild materials of Artemisia wellbyi identified using comparative transcriptomics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:445. [PMID: 36114467 PMCID: PMC9482295 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is a significant condition that restricts vegetation growth on the Tibetan Plateau. Artemisia wellbyi is a unique semi-shrub-like herb in the family Compositae, which distributed in northern and northwest of Tibetan Plateau. It is a dominant species in the community that can well adapt to virous environment stress, such as drought and low temperature. Therefore, A. wellbyi. has a potential ecological value for soil and water conservation of drought areas. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of A. wellbyi. that defense drought stress can acquire the key genes for drought resistance breeding of A. wellbyi. and provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration of desertification area. However, they remain unclear. Thus, our study compared the transcriptomic characteristics of drought-tolerant "11" and drought-sensitive "6" material of A. wellbyi under drought stress. RESULTS A total of 4875 upregulated and 4381 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were induced by drought in the tolerant material; however, only 1931 upregulated and 4174 downregulated DEGs were induced by drought in the sensitive material. The photosynthesis and transcriptional regulation differed significantly with respect to the DEGs number and expression level. We found that CDPKs (calmodulin-like domain protein kinases), SOS3 (salt overly sensitive3), MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades), RLKs (receptor like kinase), and LRR-RLKs (repeat leucine-rich receptor kinase) were firstly involved in response to drought stress in drought tolerant A. wellbyi. Positive regulation of genes associated with the metabolism of ABA (abscisic acid), ET (ethylene), and IAA (indole acetic acid) could play a crucial role in the interaction with other transcriptional regulatory factors, such as MYBs (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), AP2/EREBPs (APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding protein family), WRKYs, and bHLHs (basic helix-loop-helix family members) and receptor kinases, and regulate downstream genes for defense against drought stress. In addition, HSP70 (heat shock protein70) and MYB73 were considered as the hub genes because of their strong association with other DEGs. CONCLUSIONS Positive transcriptional regulation and negative regulation of photosynthesis could be associated with better growth performance under drought stress in the drought-tolerant material. In addition, the degradation of sucrose and starch in the tolerant A. wellbyi to alleviate osmotic stress and balance excess ROS. These results highlight the candidate genes that are involved in enhancing the performance of drought-tolerant A. wellbyi and provide a theoretical basis for improving the performance of drought-resistant A. wellbyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Tibet Grassland Science Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000 China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Tibet Grassland Science Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000 China
| | - Wangdui Renzeng
- Tibet Grassland Science Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000 China
| | - Guiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Kuiju Niu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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13
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Huchzermeyer B, Menghani E, Khardia P, Shilu A. Metabolic Pathway of Natural Antioxidants, Antioxidant Enzymes and ROS Providence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040761. [PMID: 35453446 PMCID: PMC9025363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the origin, we can classify different types of stress. Environmental factors, such as high light intensity, adverse temperature, drought, or soil salinity, are summarized as abiotic stresses and discriminated from biotic stresses that are exerted by pathogens and herbivores, for instance. It was an unexpected observation that overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common response to all kinds of stress investigated so far. With respect to applied aspects in agriculture and crop breeding, this observation allows using ROS production as a measure to rank the stress perception of individual plants. ROS are important messengers in cell signaling, but exceeding a concentration threshold causes damage. This requires fine-tuning of ROS production and degradation rates. In general, there are two options to control cellular ROS levels, (I) ROS scavenging at the expense of antioxidant consumption and (II) enzyme-controlled degradation of ROS. As antioxidants are limited in quantity, the first strategy only allows temporarily buffering of a certain cellular ROS level. This way, it prevents spells of eventually damaging ROS concentrations. In this review, we focus on the second strategy. We discuss how enzyme-controlled degradation of ROS integrates into plant metabolism. Enzyme activities can be continuously operative. Cellular homeostasis can be achieved by regulation of respective gene expression and subsequent regulation of the enzyme activities. A better understanding of this interplay allows for identifying traits for stress tolerance breeding of crops. As a side effect, the result also may be used to identify cultivation methods modifying crop metabolism, thus resulting in special crop quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Huchzermeyer
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany;
- Association of German Engineers (VDI), BV Hannover, AK Biotechnology, Hanomag Str. 12, 30449 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ekta Menghani
- Department of Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur 303905, India; (P.K.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9829275441
| | - Pooja Khardia
- Department of Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur 303905, India; (P.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Ayushi Shilu
- Department of Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur 303905, India; (P.K.); (A.S.)
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Arshad M, Hannoufa AA. Alfalfa transcriptome profiling provides insight into miR156-mediated molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance. Genome 2022; 65:315-330. [PMID: 35298891 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2021-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat is one of the major environmental stressors that negatively affects alfalfa production. Previously, we reported the role of microRNA156 (miR156) in heat tolerance, however, mechanisms and downstream genes involved in this process were not fully studied. To provide further insight, we compared an empty vector control and miR156 overexpressing alfalfa plants (miR156+) after exposing them to heat stress (40 °C) for 24h. We collected leaf samples for transcriptome analysis to illustrate the miR156-regualted molecular mechanisms underlying the heat stress response. A total of 3579 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected exclusively in miR156+ plants under heat stress using the Medicago sativa genome as reference. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in "polysaccharide metabolism", "response to chemical", "secondary metabolism", "carbon metabolism" and "cell cycle". Transcription factors predicted in miR156+ plants belonged to TCP family, MYB, ABA response element-binding factor, WRKY and heat shock transcription factor. We also identified two new SPL family gene member (SPL8a and SPL12a), putatively regulated by miR156. The present study provides comprehensive transcriptome profile of alfalfa, identifies a number of genes and pathways, and reveals a miR156-regulated network of mechanisms at the gene expression level to modulate heat responses in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arshad
- London Research and Development Centre, 98671, London, Ontario, Canada.,New York University - Abu Dhabi Campus, 167632, Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;
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15
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De Pascali M, Vergine M, Negro C, Greco D, Vita F, Sabella E, De Bellis L, Luvisi A. Xylella fastidiosa and Drought Stress in Olive Trees: A Complex Relationship Mediated by Soluble Sugars. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010112. [PMID: 35053110 PMCID: PMC8773346 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Carbohydrates play important roles in tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stressors. Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of “Olive Quick Decline Syndrome”, is a quarantine pathogen that induces drought stress in the host, aggravated by eventual water shortage, which is a frequent environmental condition in Mediterranean olive groves. At present, the resistance mechanisms shown by few resistant olive cultivars (e.g., cv Leccino) are not completely known; therefore, the aim of this research is to understand whether sugar metabolism is involved in the cross-talk mechanisms of biotic and abiotic responses. The results show that drought stress response induces effects beneficial to resistance of Xylella fastidiosa in cv Leccino. In the current context of global climate change, this study supports the importance of investigating the complex drought–disease interaction to detect resistance traits and thus find ways to counter the threat of this pathogen in the future. Abstract Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) subsp. pauca “De Donno” is the etiological agent of “Olive Quick Decline Syndrome” (OQDS) on olive trees (Olea europaea L.); the presence of the bacterium causes xylem vessel occlusions inducing a drought stress and the development of leaf scorch symptoms, which may be worsened by water shortage in summer. In order to evaluate how the two stress factors overlap each other, the carbohydrate content and the expression patterns of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism have been evaluated in two olive cvs trees (Cellina di Nardò, susceptible to Xf, and Leccino, resistant to Xf) reporting transcriptional dynamics elicited by Xf infection, drought, or combined stress (drought/Xf). In the Xf-susceptible Cellina di Nardò plants, Xf and its combination with drought significantly decrease total sugars compared to control (−27.0% and −25.7%, respectively). In contrast, the Xf-resistant Leccino plants show a more limited reduction in sugar content in Xf-positive conditions (−20.1%) and combined stresses (−11.1%). Furthermore, while the amount of glucose decreases significantly in stressed Cellina di Nardò plants (≈18%), an increase was observed in Leccino plants under drought/Xf combined stresses (+11.2%). An opposite behavior among cvs was also observed for sucrose, as an accumulation of the disaccharide was recorded in stressed Leccino plants (≈37%). The different response to combined stress by Xf-resistant plants was confirmed considering genes coding for the sucrose or monosaccharide transporter (OeSUT1, OeMST2), the cell wall or vacuolar invertase (OeINV-CW, OeINV-V), the granule-bound starch synthase I (OeGBSSI) and sucrose synthase (OeSUSY), with a higher expression than at least one single stress (e.g., ≈1-fold higher or more than Xf for OeMST2, OeINV-CW, OeINV-V, OeGBSSI). It is probable that the pathways involved in drought stress response induce positive effects useful for pathogen resistance in cv Leccino, confirming the importance of investigating the mechanisms of cross-talk of biotic and abiotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria De Pascali
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.P.); (C.N.); (D.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Marzia Vergine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.P.); (C.N.); (D.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.B.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmine Negro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.P.); (C.N.); (D.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Davide Greco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.P.); (C.N.); (D.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Erika Sabella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.P.); (C.N.); (D.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.P.); (C.N.); (D.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.P.); (C.N.); (D.G.); (E.S.); (L.D.B.); (A.L.)
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Thakur T, Gandass N, Mittal K, Jamwal P, Muthamilarasan M, Salvi P. A rapid, efficient, and low-cost BiFC protocol and its application in studying in vivo interaction of seed-specific transcription factors, RISBZ and RPBF. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:593-603. [PMID: 34436705 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins regulate cellular and biological processes in all living organisms. More than 80% of the proteins interact with one another to perform their respective functions; therefore, studying the protein-protein-interaction has gained attention in functional characterization studies. Bimolecular fluorescence complement (BiFC) assay is widely adopted to determine the physical interaction of two proteins in vivo. Here, we developed a simple, yet effective BiFC assay for protein-protein-interaction using transient Agrobacterium-mediated-transformation of onion epidermal cells by taking case study of Rice-P-box-Binding-Factor (RPBF) and rice-seed-specific-bZIP (RISBZ) in vivo interaction. Our result revealed that both the proteins, i.e., RISBZ and RPBF, interacted in the nucleus and cytosol. These two transcription factors are known for their coordinate/synergistic regulation of seed-protein content via concurrent binding to the promoter region of the seed storage protein (SSP) encoding genes. We further validated our results with BiFC assay in Nicotiana by agroinfiltration method, which exhibited similar results as Agrobacterium-mediated-transformation of onion epidermal cells. We also examined the subcellular localization of RISBZ and RPBF to assess the efficacy of the protocol. The subcellular localization and BiFC assay presented here is quite easy-to-follow, reliable, and reproducible, which can be completed within 2-3 days without using costly instruments and technologies that demand a high skill set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanika Thakur
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140308, India
| | - Nishu Gandass
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140308, India
| | - Kajal Mittal
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140308, India
| | - Pallavi Jamwal
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140308, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140308, India.
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India.
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17
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Lee YJ, Lee WJ, Le QT, Hong SW, Lee H. Growth Performance Can Be Increased Under High Nitrate and High Salt Stress Through Enhanced Nitrate Reductase Activity in Arabidopsis Anthocyanin Over-Producing Mutant Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644455. [PMID: 34276717 PMCID: PMC8280297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important macro-nutrients for plant growth and crop productivity. The amount of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers supplied to crops has dramatically increased, leading to a notable rise in crop yields. However, excessive nitrogen use has an enormous negative impact on ecosystems and human health through the emission of intense greenhouse gases, such as nitric oxide derived from the nitrate (NO3 -) assimilation cascade. Additionally, owing to the development of extensive irrigation in agriculture, crops are known to suffer from high salt stress. The effect of excessive nitrogen fertilizer application has been studied in some crops, but the effect of high nitrate level and salt stress on plant stress tolerance has not been studied in detail. Therefore, in this study we aimed to study the effects of high concentrations of NO3 - on salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. In addition, since anthocyanin functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger under abiotic stress conditions, we investigated whether enhanced anthocyanin content helps Arabidopsis to withstand higher salt stress levels under high NO3 - concentrations by using pap1-D/fls1ko double mutant plants, which accumulate excessive amount of anthocyanin. We found that Col-0 plants are more sensitive to salt stress under high NO3 - concentrations. Although both the pap1-D/fls1ko and fls1ko plants accumulated higher anthocyanin levels and radical scavenging activities than Col-0 plants under both normal and salt stress conditions, the fls1ko plants exhibited much better growth than the pap1-D/fls1ko plants. It appears that the enhanced NR activities and transcript levels of NIA1 and NIA2 in pap1-D/fls1ko and fls1ko plants led to an increase in the synthesis of proteins and proline, which increases osmolytes against salt stress. Our results demonstrate that optimal levels of anthocyanin accumulation can enhance growth performance of plants under high NO3 - and salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Je Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Quang Tri Le
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Wan T, Feng Y, Liang C, Pan L, He L, Cai Y. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of Two Contrasting Cherry Rootstocks in Response to Drought Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:201. [PMID: 33800812 PMCID: PMC8001747 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main factors affecting sweet cherry yields, and cherry rootstocks can provide a range of tree vigor levels to better match sweet cherries with the characteristics of the soil. To investigate the molecular events of the cherry to water deficiency, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of Prunus mahaleb CDR-1 (drought-tolerant cherry rootstock (DT)) and P. cerasus × P. canescens Gisela 5 (drought-susceptible cherry rootstock (DS)), respectively. The results revealed 253 common drought-responsive genes in leaves and roots in DT and 17 in DS; 59 upregulated metabolites were explored in leaves in DT and 19 were explored in DS. Differentially expressed metabolites related to the cyanoamino acid metabolism pathway and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway may be key factors in the difference in drought resistance in the two rootstocks. Moreover, six central metabolites-3-cyanoalanine, phenylalanine, quinic acid, asparagine, p-benzoquinone, and phytosphingosine-were identified as potential biological markers of drought response in cherries and may be key factors in the difference in drought resistance, along with caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. We also selected 17 differentially expressed genes as core candidate genes and the mechanism of DT in response to drought is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (T.W.); (Y.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Ying Feng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (T.W.); (Y.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Chenglin Liang
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, China;
| | - Liuyi Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (T.W.); (Y.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Ling He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (T.W.); (Y.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Yuliang Cai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (T.W.); (Y.F.); (L.P.)
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Wang Y, Li XY, Li CX, He Y, Hou XY, Ma XR. The Regulation of Adaptation to Cold and Drought Stresses in Poa crymophila Keng Revealed by Integrative Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631117. [PMID: 33897721 PMCID: PMC8058472 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Poa crymophila Keng is highly adaptable to long-term low temperature and drought conditions, making it a desirable foraging grass of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Here, the widely targeted metabolomics and comparative transcriptome analyses were utilized for the discovery of metabolites and genes in P. crymophila in response to cold and drought stresses. P. crymophila were exposed to -5°C for 24 h and recovered to 22°C for 48 h, as well as drought for 10 days followed by re-watering for 1 day. In total, 779 metabolic features were assigned to metabolites and 167,845 unigenes were generated. Seventeen compounds showed significant up-regulation (variable importance in project >1) under both stresses in the metabolic profiling, mainly annotated as carbohydrates, flavones, and phenylpropanoids. The genes which were positively correlated with these metabolites were assigned to pathways (sucrose-starch, raffinose, phenylpropanoid, and flavone metabolism) using the Mapman software package. Alpha-amylase, beta-fructofuranosidase, and sugar transport genes degraded the glucose and starch to small molecule sugars for the purpose of osmotic adjustment and to provide more energy for the growth of P. crymophila in an adverse environment. The induction of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and the MYB gene as well as the sharp increase in schizandrin, a kind of lignan, showed that this likely has the closest connection with the tolerance to both stresses. Four significantly induced flavone compounds are probably involved in reducing oxidative damage. Our results indicated that activation of the phenlypropanoid pathway plays the primary role in P. crymophila adapting to harsh environments. This study showed the mechanism of P. crymophila responding to both cold and drought stresses and showed the discovery of a new biological regulator against stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan He
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Hou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Rong Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Rong Ma
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Keller I, Müdsam C, Rodrigues CM, Kischka D, Zierer W, Sonnewald U, Harms K, Czarnecki O, Fiedler-Wiechers K, Koch W, Neuhaus HE, Ludewig F, Pommerrenig B. Cold-Triggered Induction of ROS- and Raffinose Metabolism in Freezing-Sensitive Taproot Tissue of Sugar Beet. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715767. [PMID: 34539707 PMCID: PMC8446674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) is the exclusive source of sugar in the form of sucrose in temperate climate zones. Sugar beet is grown there as an annual crop from spring to autumn because of the damaging effect of freezing temperatures to taproot tissue. A collection of hybrid and non-hybrid sugar beet cultivars was tested for winter survival rates and freezing tolerance. Three genotypes with either low or high winter survival rates were selected for detailed study of their response to frost. These genotypes differed in the severity of frost injury in a defined inner region in the upper part of the taproot, the so-called pith. We aimed to elucidate genotype- and tissue-dependent molecular processes during freezing and combined analyses of sugar beet anatomy and physiology with transcriptomic and metabolite profiles of leaf and taproot tissues at low temperatures. Freezing temperatures induced strong downregulation of photosynthesis in leaves, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS-related gene expression in taproots. Simultaneously, expression of genes involved in raffinose metabolism, as well as concentrations of raffinose and its intermediates, increased markedly in both leaf and taproot tissue at low temperatures. The accumulation of raffinose in the pith tissue correlated with freezing tolerance of the three genotypes. We discuss a protective role for raffinose and its precursors against freezing damage of sugar beet taproot tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Keller
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christina Müdsam
- Department of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Martins Rodrigues
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dominik Kischka
- Department of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zierer
- Department of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - H. Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Pommerrenig,
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Das RR, Pradhan S, Parida A. De-novo transcriptome analysis unveils differentially expressed genes regulating drought and salt stress response in Panicum sumatrense. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21251. [PMID: 33277539 PMCID: PMC7718891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening the transcriptome of drought tolerant variety of little millet (Panicum sumatrense), a marginally cultivated, nutritionally rich, susbsistent crop, can identify genes responsible for its hardiness and enable identification of new sources of genetic variation which can be used for crop improvement. RNA-Seq generated ~ 230 million reads from control and treated tissues, which were assembled into 86,614 unigenes. In silico differential gene expression analysis created an overview of patterns of gene expression during exposure to drought and salt stress. Separate gene expression profiles for leaf and root tissue revealed the differences in regulatory mechanisms operating in these tissues during exposure to abiotic stress. Several transcription factors were identified and studied for differential expression. 61 differentially expressed genes were found to be common to both tissues under drought and salinity stress and were further validated using qRT-PCR. Transcriptome of P. sumatrense was also used to mine for genic SSR markers relevant to abiotic stress tolerance. This study is first report on a detailed analysis of molecular mechanisms of drought and salinity stress tolerance in a little millet variety. Resources generated in this study can be used as potential candidates for further characterization and to improve abiotic stress tolerance in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmita Rani Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Seema Pradhan
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Ajay Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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22
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Impact of Drought on Soluble Sugars and Free Proline Content in Selected Arabidopsis Mutants. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110367. [PMID: 33137965 PMCID: PMC7692697 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Drought has severe effects on plants, negatively impacting economic, agricultural and environmental processes. Depending on the duration and the strength of water stress conditions, plants adjust a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms aimed at providing a correct stress response and, if possible, at establishing stress tolerance. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is one of the best tools for analyzing the involvement of specific genes in the response to drought. Thanks to this tool, the role of two genes encoding enzymes involved in sugars metabolism, and one gene encoding an enzyme involved in proline synthesis, have been investigated. In addition to suggesting an interaction between the metabolism of proline and that of soluble sugars, results broaden our understanding of the predominant role played by the accumulation of soluble sugars in counteracting mild osmotic stress. Abstract Water shortage is an increasing problem affecting crop yield. Accumulation of compatible osmolytes is a typical plant response to overcome water stress. Sucrose synthase 1 (SUS1), and glucan, water dikinase 2 (GWD2) and δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1) are members of small protein families whose role in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to mild osmotic stress has been studied in this work. Comparative analysis between wild-type and single loss-of-function T-DNA plants at increasing times following exposure to drought showed no differences in the content of water-insoluble carbohydrate (i.e., transitory starch and cell wall carbohydrates) and in the total amount of amino acids. On the contrary, water-soluble sugars and proline contents were significantly reduced compared to wild-type plants regardless of the metabolic pathway affected by the mutation. The present results contribute to assigning a physiological role to GWD2, the least studied member of the GWD family; strengthening the involvement of SUS1 in the response to osmotic stress; showing a greater contribution of soluble sugars than proline in osmotic adjustment of Arabidopsis in response to drought. Finally, an interaction between proline and soluble sugars emerged, albeit its nature remains speculative and further investigations will be required for complete comprehension.
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23
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Ho LH, Rode R, Siegel M, Reinhardt F, Neuhaus HE, Yvin JC, Pluchon S, Hosseini SA, Pommerrenig B. Potassium Application Boosts Photosynthesis and Sorbitol Biosynthesis and Accelerates Cold Acclimation of Common Plantain ( Plantago major L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9101259. [PMID: 32987723 PMCID: PMC7598673 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is essential for the processes critical for plant performance, including photosynthesis, carbon assimilation, and response to stress. K also influences translocation of sugars in the phloem and regulates sucrose metabolism. Several plant species synthesize polyols and transport these sugar alcohols from source to sink tissues. Limited knowledge exists about the involvement of K in the above processes in polyol-translocating plants. We, therefore, studied K effects in Plantago major, a species that accumulates the polyol sorbitol to high concentrations. We grew P. major plants on soil substrate adjusted to low-, medium-, or high-potassium conditions. We found that biomass, seed yield, and leaf tissue K contents increased in a soil K-dependent manner. K gradually increased the photosynthetic efficiency and decreased the non-photochemical quenching. Concomitantly, sorbitol levels and sorbitol to sucrose ratio in leaves and phloem sap increased in a K-dependent manner. K supply also fostered plant cold acclimation. High soil K levels mitigated loss of water from leaves in the cold and supported cold-dependent sugar and sorbitol accumulation. We hypothesize that with increased K nutrition, P. major preferentially channels photosynthesis-derived electrons into sorbitol biosynthesis and that this increased sorbitol is supportive for sink development and as a protective solute, during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Ho
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - Regina Rode
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - Maike Siegel
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - Frank Reinhardt
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - H. Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Centre Mondial de l’Innovation Roullier—Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, 18 avenue Franklin Roosevelt 35400 Saint-Malo, France; (J.-C.Y.); (S.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Centre Mondial de l’Innovation Roullier—Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, 18 avenue Franklin Roosevelt 35400 Saint-Malo, France; (J.-C.Y.); (S.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Centre Mondial de l’Innovation Roullier—Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, 18 avenue Franklin Roosevelt 35400 Saint-Malo, France; (J.-C.Y.); (S.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
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24
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Garcia-Molina A, Kleine T, Schneider K, Mühlhaus T, Lehmann M, Leister D. Translational Components Contribute to Acclimation Responses to High Light, Heat, and Cold in Arabidopsis. iScience 2020; 23:101331. [PMID: 32679545 PMCID: PMC7364123 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant metabolism is broadly reprogrammed during acclimation to abiotic changes. Most previous studies have focused on transitions from standard to single stressful conditions. Here, we systematically analyze acclimation processes to levels of light, heat, and cold stress that subtly alter physiological parameters and assess their reversibility during de-acclimation. Metabolome and transcriptome changes were monitored at 11 different time points. Unlike transcriptome changes, most alterations in metabolite levels did not readily return to baseline values, except in the case of cold acclimation. Similar regulatory networks operate during (de-)acclimation to high light and cold, whereas heat and high-light responses exhibit similar dynamics, as determined by surprisal and conditional network analyses. In all acclimation models tested here, super-hubs in conditional transcriptome networks are enriched for components involved in translation, particularly ribosomes. Hence, we suggest that the ribosome serves as a common central hub for the control of three different (de-)acclimation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Garcia-Molina
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhadernerstraße 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhadernerstraße 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kevin Schneider
- Computational Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhadernerstraße 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhadernerstraße 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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25
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Rippin M, Pichrtová M, Arc E, Kranner I, Becker B, Holzinger A. Metatranscriptomic and metabolite profiling reveals vertical heterogeneity within a Zygnema green algal mat from Svalbard (High Arctic). Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4283-4299. [PMID: 31454446 PMCID: PMC6899726 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Within streptophyte green algae Zygnematophyceae are the sister group to the land plants that inherited several traits conferring stress protection. Zygnema sp., a mat-forming alga thriving in extreme habitats, was collected from a field site in Svalbard, where the bottom layers are protected by the top layers. The two layers were investigated by a metatranscriptomic approach and GC-MS-based metabolite profiling. In the top layer, 6569 genes were significantly upregulated and 149 were downregulated. Upregulated genes coded for components of the photosynthetic apparatus, chlorophyll synthesis, early light-inducible proteins, cell wall and carbohydrate metabolism, including starch-degrading enzymes. An increase in maltose in the top layer and degraded starch grains at the ultrastructural levels corroborated these findings. Genes involved in amino acid, redox metabolism and DNA repair were upregulated. A total of 29 differentially accumulated metabolites (out of 173 identified ones) confirmed higher metabolic turnover in the top layer. For several of these metabolites, differential accumulation matched the transcriptional changes of enzymes involved in associated pathways. In summary, the findings support the hypothesis that in a Zygnema mat the top layer shields the bottom layers from abiotic stress factors such as excessive irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rippin
- University of CologneBotanical InstituteCologneGermany
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Erwann Arc
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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26
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Fürtauer L, Weiszmann J, Weckwerth W, Nägele T. Dynamics of Plant Metabolism during Cold Acclimation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5411. [PMID: 31671650 PMCID: PMC6862541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved strategies to tightly regulate metabolism during acclimation to a changing environment. Low temperature significantly constrains distribution, growth and yield of many temperate plant species. Exposing plants to low but non-freezing temperature induces a multigenic processes termed cold acclimation, which eventually results in an increased freezing tolerance. Cold acclimation comprises reprogramming of the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome and affects communication and signaling between subcellular organelles. Carbohydrates play a central role in this metabolic reprogramming. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of carbohydrate metabolism in plant cold acclimation with a focus on subcellular metabolic reprogramming, its thermodynamic constraints under low temperature and mathematical modelling of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fürtauer
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Jakob Weiszmann
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany.
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27
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Desiderio A, Salzano AM, Scaloni A, Massa S, Pimpinella M, De Coste V, Pioli C, Nardi L, Benvenuto E, Villani ME. Effects of Simulated Space Radiations on the Tomato Root Proteome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1334. [PMID: 31708949 PMCID: PMC6821793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant cultivation on spacecraft or planetary outposts is a promising and actual perspective both for food and bioactive molecules production. To this aim, plant response to ionizing radiations, as an important component of space radiation, must be assessed through on-ground experiments due to the potentially fatal effects on living systems. Hereby, we investigated the effects of X-rays and γ-rays exposure on tomato "hairy root" cultures (HRCs), which represent a solid platform for the production of pharmaceutically relevant molecules, including metabolites and recombinant proteins. In a space application perspective, we used an HRC system previously fortified through the accumulation of anthocyanins, which are known for their anti-oxidant properties. Roots were independently exposed to different photon radiations, namely X-rays (250 kV) and γ-rays (Co60, 1.25 MeV), both at the absorbed dose levels of 0.5, 5, and 10 Gy. Molecular changes induced in the proteome of HRCs were investigated by a comparative approach based on two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) technology, which allowed to highlight dynamic processes activated by these environmental stresses. Results revealed a comparable response to both photon treatments. In particular, the presence of differentially represented proteins were observed only when roots were exposed to 5 or 10 Gy of X-rays or γ-rays, while no variations were appreciated at 0.5 Gy of both radiations, when compared with unexposed control. Differentially represented proteins were identified by mass spectrometry procedures and their functional interactions were analyzed, revealing variations in the activation of stress response integrated mechanisms as well as in carbon/energy and protein metabolism. Specific results from above-mentioned procedures were validated by immunoblotting. Finally, a morphometric analysis verified the absence of significant alterations in the development of HRCs, allowing to ascribe the observed variations of protein expression to processes of acclimation to ionizing radiations. Overall results contribute to a meaningful risk evaluation for biological systems exposed to extra-terrestrial environments, in the perspective of manned interplanetary missions planned for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angiola Desiderio
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Massa
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pimpinella
- National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, ENEA-INMRI, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Coste
- National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, ENEA-INMRI, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Division Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Nardi
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Benvenuto
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Villani
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
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28
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Hu B, Wu H, Huang W, Song J, Zhou Y, Lin Y. SWEET Gene Family in Medicago truncatula: Genome-Wide Identification, Expression and Substrate Specificity Analysis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090338. [PMID: 31505820 PMCID: PMC6783836 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins mediate the translocation of sugars across cell membranes and play crucial roles in plant growth and development as well as stress responses. In this study, a total of 25 SWEET genes were identified from the Medicago truncatula genome and were divided into four clades based on the phylogenetic analysis. The MtSWEET genes are distributed unevenly on the M. truncatula chromosomes, and eight and 12 MtSWEET genes are segmentally and tandemly duplicated, respectively. Most MtSWEET genes contain five introns and encode proteins with seven transmembrane helices (TMHs). Besides, nearly all MtSWEET proteins have relatively conserved membrane domains, and contain conserved active sites. Analysis of microarray data showed that some MtSWEET genes are specifically expressed in disparate developmental stages or tissues, such as flowers, developing seeds and nodules. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR expression analysis indicated that many MtSWEET genes are responsive to various abiotic stresses such as cold, drought, and salt treatments. Functional analysis of six selected MtSWEETs in yeast revealed that they possess diverse transport activities for sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, and mannose. These results provide new insights into the characteristics of the MtSWEET genes, which lay a solid foundation for further investigating their functional roles in the developmental processes and stress responses of M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Henry Fok Collge of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China.
| | - Weifeng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jianbo Song
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Rippin M, Borchhardt N, Karsten U, Becker B. Cold Acclimation Improves the Desiccation Stress Resilience of Polar Strains of Klebsormidium (Streptophyta). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1730. [PMID: 31447802 PMCID: PMC6691101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are complex communities of autotrophic, heterotrophic, and saprotrophic (micro)organisms. In the polar regions, these biocrust communities have essential ecological functions such as primary production, nitrogen fixation, and ecosystem engineering while coping with extreme environmental conditions (temperature, desiccation, and irradiation). The microalga Klebsormidium is commonly found in BSCs all across the globe. The ecophysiological resilience of various Klebsormidium species to desiccation and other stresses has been studied intensively. Here we present the results of transcriptomic analyses of two different Klebsormidium species, K. dissectum and K. flaccidum, isolated from Antarctic and Arctic BSCs. We performed desiccation stress experiments at two different temperatures mimicking fluctuations associated with global change. Cultures grown on agar plates were desiccated on membrane filters at 10% relative air humidity until the photosynthetic activity as reflected in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II [Y(II)] ceased. For both species, the response to dehydration was much faster at the higher temperature. At the transcriptome level both species responded more strongly to the desiccation stress at the higher temperature suggesting that adaptation to cold conditions enhanced the resilience of both algae to desiccation stress. Interestingly, the two different species responded differently to the applied desiccation stress with respect to the number as well as function of genes showing differential gene expression. The portion of differentially expressed genes shared between both taxa was surprisingly low indicating that both Klebsormidium species adapted independently to the harsh conditions of Antarctica and the Arctic, respectively. Overall, our results indicate that environmental acclimation has a great impact on gene expression and the response to desiccation stress in Klebsormidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rippin
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Karsten
- Department of Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becker
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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30
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Schwachtje J, Whitcomb SJ, Firmino AAP, Zuther E, Hincha DK, Kopka J. Induced, Imprinted, and Primed Responses to Changing Environments: Does Metabolism Store and Process Information? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:106. [PMID: 30815006 PMCID: PMC6381073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is the system layer that determines growth by the rate of matter uptake and conversion into biomass. The scaffold of enzymatic reaction rates drives the metabolic network in a given physico-chemical environment. In response to the diverse environmental stresses, plants have evolved the capability of integrating macro- and micro-environmental events to be prepared, i.e., to be primed for upcoming environmental challenges. The hierarchical view on stress signaling, where metabolites are seen as final downstream products, has recently been complemented by findings that metabolites themselves function as stress signals. We present a systematic concept of metabolic responses that are induced by environmental stresses and persist in the plant system. Such metabolic imprints may prime metabolic responses of plants for subsequent environmental stresses. We describe response types with examples of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses and suggest that plants use metabolic imprints, the metabolic changes that last beyond recovery from stress events, and priming, the imprints that function to prepare for upcoming stresses, to integrate diverse environmental stress histories. As a consequence, even genetically identical plants should be studied and understood as phenotypically plastic organisms that continuously adjust their metabolic state in response to their individually experienced local environment. To explore the occurrence and to unravel functions of metabolic imprints, we encourage researchers to extend stress studies by including detailed metabolic and stress response monitoring into extended recovery phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schwachtje
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Applied Metabolome Analysis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
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31
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Fürtauer L, Pschenitschnigg A, Scharkosi H, Weckwerth W, Nägele T. Combined multivariate analysis and machine learning reveals a predictive module of metabolic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Omics 2018; 14:437-449. [PMID: 30387490 PMCID: PMC6289107 DOI: 10.1039/c8mo00095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress exposure of plants induces metabolic reprogramming which is tightly regulated by signalling cascades connecting transcriptional with translational and metabolic regulation. Complexity of such interconnected metabolic networks impedes the functional understanding of molecular plant stress response compromising the design of breeding strategies and biotechnological processes. Thus, defining a molecular network to enable the prediction of a plant's stress mode will improve the understanding of stress responsive biochemical regulation and will yield novel molecular targets for technological application. Arabidopsis wild type plants and two mutant lines with deficiency in sucrose or starch metabolism were grown under ambient and combined cold/high light stress conditions. Stress-induced dynamics of the primary metabolome and the proteome were quantified by mass spectrometry. Wild type data were used to train a machine learning algorithm to classify mutant lines under control and stress conditions. Multivariate analysis and classification identified a module consisting of 23 proteins enabling the reliable prediction of combined temperature/high light stress conditions. 18 of these 23 proteins displayed putative protein-protein interactions connecting transcriptional regulation with regulation of primary and secondary metabolism. The identified stress-responsive core module supports prediction of complex biochemical regulation under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fürtauer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
, Department Biology I
, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology
,
Großhadernerstr. 2-4
, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried
, Germany
.
; Fax: +49-89-2180-74661
; Tel: +49-89-2180-74660
| | - Alice Pschenitschnigg
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology
, University of Vienna
,
Vienna
, Austria
| | - Helene Scharkosi
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology
, University of Vienna
,
Vienna
, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology
, University of Vienna
,
Vienna
, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center
, University of Vienna
,
Vienna
, Austria
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
, Department Biology I
, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology
,
Großhadernerstr. 2-4
, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried
, Germany
.
; Fax: +49-89-2180-74661
; Tel: +49-89-2180-74660
| |
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