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Kamwa R, Khurajog B, Muangsin N, Pupa P, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Water-soluble microencapsulation using gum Arabic and skim milk enhances viability and efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic strains for application in broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1440-1451. [PMID: 38575120 PMCID: PMC11222858 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a water-soluble microencapsulation method for probiotic strains using gum Arabic (GA) and skim milk (SKM) over a three-month storage period following processing. METHODS Four strains of Pediococcus acidilactici (BYF26, BYF20, BF9, and BF14) that were typical lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the chicken gut were mixed with different ratios of GA and SKM as coating agents before spray drying at an inlet temperature 140°C. After processing, the survivability and probiotic qualities of the strains were assessed from two weeks to three months of storage at varied temperatures, and de-encapsulation was performed to confirm the soluble properties. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the probiotics was assessed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. RESULTS As shown by scanning electron microscopy, spray-drying produced a spherical, white-yellow powder. The encapsulation efficacy (percent) was greatest for a coating containing a combination of 30% gum Arabic: 30% skim milk (w/v) (GA:SKM30) compared to lower concentrations of the two ingredients (p<0.05). Coating with GA:SKM30 (w/v) significantly enhanced (p<0.05) BYF26 survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions (pH 2.5 to 3) and maintained higher survival rates compared to non-encapsulated cells under an artificial intestinal juices condition of pH 6. De-encapsulation tests indicated that the encapsulated powder dissolved in water while keeping viable cell counts within the effective range of 106 for 6 hours. In addition, following three months storage at 4°C, microencapsulation of BYF26 in GA:SKM30 maintained both the number of viable cells (p<0.05) and the preparation's antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria, specifically strains of Salmonella. CONCLUSION Our prototype water-soluble probiotic microencapsulation GA:SKM30 effectively maintains LAB characteristics and survival rates, demonstrating its potential for use in preserving probiotic strains that can be used in chickens and potentially in other livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchnida Kamwa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
- The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Benjamas Khurajog
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Nongnuj Muangsin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - David J Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150,
Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Diagnosis and Monitoring Animal Pathogens (DMAP), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
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Du S, Song Z, Cen Y, Fan J, Li P, Si H, Hu D. Susceptibility and cecal microbiota alteration to Eimeria-infection in Yellow-feathered broilers, Arbor Acres broilers and Lohmann pink layers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103824. [PMID: 38772089 PMCID: PMC11131079 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis, which is caused by Eimeria species, results in huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Arbor Acres (AA) broilers and yellow-feathered broilers are the dominant broilers in northern and southern China, respectively. However, their susceptibility to coccidiosis has not been fully compared. In this study, the susceptibility of yellow-feathered broilers, AA broilers and Lohmann pink layers to E. tenella was evaluated based on mortality rate, relative body weight gain rate, intestinal lesion score, oocyst output, anticoccidial index (ACI), and cecum weight and length. The yellow-feathered broilers were shown to produce significantly fewer oocysts with higher intestinal lesion score compared to AA broilers, which had the highest growth rates and ACI scores. Subsequently, changes in the cecal microbiota of the 3 chicken lines before and after high-dose infection (1 × 104 oocysts) with E. tenella were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that composition of the microbiota changed dramatically after infection. The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the infected chickens decreased, and Proteobacteria increased significantly among the different chicken lines. At the genus level, Escherichia increased significantly in all 3 groups of infected chickens, but Lactobacillus decreased to 0% in the infected yellow-feathered broilers. The results of the study indicate that the susceptibility to E. tenella varies among the 3 chicken lines, and that changes in intestinal microbiota by E. tenella-infection among the different chicken lines had a similar trend, but to different degrees. This study provides basic knowledge of the susceptibility in the 3 chicken lines, which can be helpful for the control and prevention of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhixuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yucan Cen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jingzhi Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Shanmugam S, Barbé F, Park JH, Chevaux E, Kim IH. Supplemental effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 probiotic on the laying characteristics and calcium and phosphorus metabolism in laying hens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12489. [PMID: 38821966 PMCID: PMC11143341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health ('gut-bone' axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in the intestinal tract has an impact on bone health and calcium (Ca) metabolism. Probiotics are known to favorably impact the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 (PA) on laying performance, egg/eggshell quality, Ca metabolism and bone mineralization and resistance in relatively old layers (50 wks old at the beginning of the experiment) during 14 weeks. 480 Hy Line brown layers were divided into 2 groups (CON and PA: 3 layers/rep, 80 rep/group) and fed with a diet formulated to be suboptimal in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) (- 10% of the requirements). The total egg weight was improved by 1.1% overall with PA, related to an improvement of the weight of marketable eggs (+ 0.9%). PA induced a decreased % of downgraded eggs, mainly broken eggs (- 0.4 pts) and FCR improvement (- 0.8% for all eggs, - 0.9% for marketable eggs). PA also led to higher Haugh units (HU: + 7.4%). PA tended to decrease crypt depth after the 14 weeks of supplementation period in the jejunum (- 25.2%) and ileum (- 17.6%). As a consequence, the VH/CD ratio appeared increased by PA at the end of the trial in the jejunum (+ 63.0%) and ileum (+ 48.0%). Ca and P retention were increased by 4 pts following PA supplementation, translating into increased bone hardness (+ 19%), bone cohesiveness (+ 43%) and bone Ca & P (+ 1 pt) for PA-supplemented layers. Blood Ca and P were respectively improved by 5% and 12% with PA. In addition, blood calcitriol and osteocalcin concentrations were respectively improved by + 83% and + 3% in PA group at the end of the trial, compared to CON group. There was no difference between the 2 groups for ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and PTH (parathyroid hormone). PA significantly decreased the expression of the following genes: occludin in the small intestine, calbindin 1 in the ovarian tissue and actin B in the bone. PA therefore improved zootechnical performance of these relatively old layers, and egg quality. The parallel increase in Ca and P in the blood and in the bone following PA supplementation suggests an improvement of the mineral supply for eggshell formation without impacting bone integrity, and even increasing bone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshkumar Shanmugam
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Florence Barbé
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, 31702, Blagnac Cedex, France.
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Eric Chevaux
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, 31702, Blagnac Cedex, France
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea.
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Ahmad R, Yu YH, Hua KF, Chen WJ, Zaborski D, Dybus A, Hsiao FSH, Cheng YH. Management and control of coccidiosis in poultry - A review. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1-15. [PMID: 37641827 PMCID: PMC10766461 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry coccidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by an intracellular parasitic protozoan of the genus Eimeria. Coccidia-induced gastrointestinal inflammation results in large economic losses, hence finding methods to decrease its prevalence is critical for industry participants and academic researchers. It has been demonstrated that coccidiosis can be effectively controlled and managed by employing anticoccidial chemical compounds. However, as a result of their extensive use, anticoccidial drug resistance in Eimeria species has raised concerns. Phytochemical/herbal medicines (Artemisia annua, Bidens pilosa, and garlic) seem to be a promising strategy for preventing coccidiosis, in accordance with the "anticoccidial chemical-free" standards. The impact of herbal supplements on poultry coccidiosis is based on the reduction of oocyst output by preventing the proliferation and growth of Eimeria species in chicken gastrointestinal tissues and lowering intestinal permeability via increased epithelial turnover. This review provides a thorough up-to-date assessment of the state of the art and technologies in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens, including the most used phytochemical medications, their mode of action, and the applicable legal framework in the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047,
Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047,
Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047,
Taiwan
| | - Daniel Zaborski
- Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin,
Poland
| | - Andrzej Dybus
- Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin,
Poland
| | - Felix Shih-Hsiang Hsiao
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047,
Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047,
Taiwan
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da Silva Giacomini L, Fernandes FD, Guerra RR, de Avila Botton S, Sangioni LA, Vogel FSF. Production performance and economic analysis of broiler chickens after vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine against avian coccidiosis. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07879-3. [PMID: 37212834 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of live attenuated commercial vaccine LIVACOX® T against avian coccidiosis upon parasite exposure through its correlation with productive and economic performance, clinical observation, and oocyst excretion of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 420 1-day-old Cobb chicks were divided into five groups of 84 birds: (G1) unvaccinated and unchallenged control; (G2) vaccinated on day 0; (G3) challenged on day 1; (G4) vaccinated on day 0 and challenged on day 14; and (G5) challenged on day 14. For 28 days, the clinical signs of infection, weight and feed conversion of the birds, and excretion of oocysts in the feces were evaluated. Macroscopic analysis of intestinal lesions in birds was also performed. After vaccination in G2, G3, and G4 as well as after challenge in G3, G4, and G5, there was an increase in oocyst excretion. In the analysis of weight gain, the difference in final weight between groups G3 and G4 is - 105.74 g per bird. Therefore, if we multiply this value by the average number of birds slaughtered per day in a medium/large slaughterhouse (250,000), we have 26,435 kg of chicken meat per day of slaughter, representing 581,570 kg of monthly losses (22 days of slaughter/month), or approximately R$3,489,420.00 (US$872,355.00), considering the commercial value at R$6.00/kg (US$ 1.5/kg). Thus, the productive and economic impact of coccidiosis in broiler chickens is evident, and the importance of vaccination to prevent the occurrence of the disease and reduce subsequent loss is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia da Silva Giacomini
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fagner D'ambroso Fernandes
- Centro Universitário Ritter Dos Reis (UniRitter), Av. Manoel Elias, nº 2001, Bairro Passo das Pedras, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91240-261, Brazil.
| | - Renata Rojas Guerra
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº 1000, Prédio 13, Sala 1206, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Laboratório de Saúde Única (LASUS), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº 1000, Prédio 44, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Antônio Sangioni
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
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Dietary organic zinc and probiotic alleviate induced Eimeria tenella infection in Japanese quails model of coccidiosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:37. [PMID: 36630021 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of organic zinc (OZn) and probiotic on growth performance, oocysts number, and histological features of cecum of quails following Eimeria tenella challenge. A total of 480 Japanese quails were distributed into six treatments as follows: untreated uninfected; untreated infected; E. tenella challenge + amprolium; E. tenella challenge + OZn; E. tenella challenge + probiotic; and E. tenella challenge + OZn + probiotic. Except untreated uninfected, all groups were orally gavaged at day 8 with 5 × 104 E. tenella sporulated oocysts. Supplementation of OZn + probiotic improved (P = 0.001) growth performance compared to the untreated infected group. Lesion score of intestine and mortality was lower (P < 0.01) in quails supplemented with OZn + probiotic. Moreover, oocysts per gram (OPG) and histological dimensions of cecum in challenged birds were alleviated in OZn + probiotic. The histological findings of quails supplemented with OZn + probiotic showed normal intestinal villi with gentle sloughed epithelium. We concluded that OZn + probiotic may be safely included in the diet of Japanese quails to control coccidiosis.
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Oladokun S, Adewole D. The effect of Bacillus subtilis and its delivery route on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102473. [PMID: 36736137 PMCID: PMC9898455 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract) and its delivery route (in-feed or in ovo) on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens. Hatching eggs were incubated for 21 d. On d 12, viable eggs were randomly allotted to 4 groups: the noninjected, in ovo saline (S), in ovo Bacillus subtilis 1 (P1), and in ovo Bacillus subtilis 2 (P2). On d 18, S, P1, and P2 groups received 0.2 mL saline diluent, 10 × 106, and 20 × 106 CFU of the bacterium via the amnion, respectively. At hatch, chicks were re-allotted to 5 new treatment groups: P1, P2, 0.005% in-feed Bacillus subtilis extract (P3), 0.05% in-feed bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD,), and corn-wheat-soybean diet negative control (NC) in 9 replicate pens (22 birds/pen) and raised for 35 d. Hatch parameters were assessed on d 0, and growth performance indices measured weekly. On d 25, 1 bird/cage was euthanized, and samples collected for further analysis. Data were analyzed by generalized linear model. Treatments S and P2 recorded higher (P = 0.01) chick BW/ Egg Weight values compared to the non-injected eggs. P3 and P2 reduced (P = 0.02) FI at week 5 compared to the NC treatment. However, no change in average body weight gain (ABG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed during the same period. At d 35, while BMD treatment showed a tendency (P = 0.09) to increase FI compared to the NC treatment, ABG and FCR were similar for all treatments. Blood sodium and chloride levels were increased (P < 0.05) by the BMD treatment compared to the NC treatment. Compared to other treatments, BMD and P3 treatments increased (P < 0.001) jejunal and ileal villus height to crypt depth ratios, respectively. However, P1 and P2 increased (P < 0.001) villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum compared to NC treatment. Treatments did not affect gut microbial diversity; however, BMD treatment increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of bacteria in the genus Enterococcus in the ileum and reduced (P < 0.05) the proportion of bacteria in the genus Streptococcus in the ceca. All probiotics treatments (irrespective of route and dose) reduced (P < 0.001) the levels of serum IgG compared to the NC treatment. However, P1 and P2 had the lowest numerical decrease in serum IgG concentrations, suggesting that Bacillus subtilis (especially in ovo delivered) might provide broiler chickens with better immunological protection by neutralizing pathogenic organisms that could result in the production of natural antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Oladokun
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Nalla K, Manda NK, Dhillon HS, Kanade SR, Rokana N, Hess M, Puniya AK. Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:805963. [PMID: 35756055 PMCID: PMC9218901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest on probiotics to enhance weight gain and disease resistance in young calves and to improve the milk yield in lactating animals by reducing the negative energy balance during the peak lactation period. While it has been well established that probiotics modulate the microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract, and a probiotic-mediated homeostasis in the rumen could improve feed conversation competence, volatile fatty acid production and nitrogen flow that enhances the milk composition as well as milk production, detailed changes on the molecular and metabolic level prompted by probiotic feed additives are still not understood. Moreover, as living biotherapeutic agents, probiotics have the potential to directly change the gene expression profile of animals by activating the signalling cascade in the host cells. Various direct and indirect components of probiotic approaches to improve the productivity of dairy animals are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirankumar Nalla
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Manda
- Department of Biosensors and Nanotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Matthias Hess
- Systems Microbiology and Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Ogwiji M, Jatau ID, Natala JA, Sani D, Habibu B, Andamin AD, Kyari S, Gasaliyu KA. Comparative effect of dietary supplements on the performance and severity of experimental Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:191. [PMID: 35622171 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the dietary supplements, sugarcane molasses (prebiotic), Antox® (probiotic) and Enflorax® (synbiotic), on gut health, performance and severity of infection with Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens was evaluated in this study. Ninety-day-old broiler chicks were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). Groups B to F were challenged with Eimeria tenella (2.0 × 104 oocysts/chick). Groups C, D and E were supplemented from day old with prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic, respectively, while F was administered amprolium. Groups A and B served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Feed intake and performance parameters were assessed weekly for each group. After infection clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates were monitored alongside oocyst output, gross and microscopic caecal lesions. Infected chickens exhibited clinical signs 4 days post infection (dpi) with 100% morbidity in all infected groups. Infected groups showed significant (P < 0.05) drop in feed intake and weight gain from 3 to 5 weeks of age. Feed conversion ratio was highest in B but lower in the supplemented groups. Oocyst output in faeces were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the supplemented groups compared with B. Macroscopic lesion scores 7 dpi were significantly lower in the supplemented groups compared with B, though group F had the lowest mean score. Histopathological examination of caeca tissues showed milder lesions in the supplemented groups. In conclusion, the supplements prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic ameliorated the consequences of caecal coccidiosis in broiler chickens and therefore recommended for use in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ogwiji
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Isa Danladi Jatau
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Audu Natala
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Dahiru Sani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Buhari Habibu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Danlami Andamin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Kyari
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Khadijat Abidemi Gasaliyu
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Salem HM, El-Tahan AM, Soliman MM, Youssef GBA, Taha AE, Soliman SM, Ahmed AE, El-Kott AF, Al Syaad KM, Swelum AA. Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production: types, modes of action and impacts on bird's health and production. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101696. [PMID: 35150942 PMCID: PMC8844281 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry contributes significantly to bridging the nutritional gap in many countries because of its meat and eggs products rich in protein and valuable nutrients at a cost less than other animal meat sources. The natural antibiotics alternatives including probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, organic acids, essential oils, enzymes, immunostimulants, and phytogenic (phytobiotic) including herbs, botanicals, essential oils, and oleoresins are the most common feed additives that acquire popularity in poultry industry following the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). They are commonly used worldwide because of their unique properties and positive impact on poultry production. They can be easily mixed with other feed ingredients, have no tissue residues, improve feed intake, feed gain, feed conversion rate, improve bird immunity, improve digestion, increase nutrients availability as well as absorbability, have antimicrobial effects, do not affect carcass characters, decrease the usage of antibiotics, acts as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, compete for stress factors and provide healthy organic products for human consumption. Therefore, the current review focuses on a comprehensive description of different natural antibiotic growth promoters’ alternatives, the mode of their action, and their impacts on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Amira M El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City. Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan B A Youssef
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Rasheed 22758, Egypt
| | - Soliman M Soliman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Al Syaad
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Director of the Research Center, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia 44519, Egypt
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11
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Reuben RC, Sarkar SL, Roy PC, Anwar A, Hossain MA, Jahid IK. Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics for sustainable poultry production. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1960234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (Idiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shovon Lal Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Pravas Chandra Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka and Vice Chancellor, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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12
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Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus ABY 118 to Modulation of ChIFN- γ and ChIL-10 in Broilers Infected by Eimeria tenella Oocyst. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:1473208. [PMID: 34659734 PMCID: PMC8519706 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1473208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eimeria causes coccidiosis, which has long been recognized as a disease in chickens that significantly affects the economy. The global chicken population continues to grow, and its contribution to food security increases, making it increasingly important to produce chicken meat that is safe for human and health. This study aims to prove Pediococcus pentosaceus ABY 118 to modulation of ChIFN-γ and ChIL-10 in chickens infected with E. tenella oocysts. This study used 100 of day-old chickens (DOC), randomly divided into 5 treatments; each treatment consists of 20 chickens. The treatments was as follows: P0 (−): negative control; P0 (+): positive control; P1: monensin; P2: probiotic 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml; and P3: probiotic 3.0 × 108 CFU/ml. At the age of 20 days, Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) oocysts were inoculated orally at a dose of 1 × 104. The probiotic P. pentosaceus ABY 118 was given orally through drinking water from DOC to 35 days. Monensin was given orally through feed from the age of 14–26 days. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between treatments on ChIFN-γ and ChIL-10 at 6 and 8 days postinfected with E. tenella oocysts. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of P. pentosaceus ABY 118 isolates at a dose of 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml and 3.0 × 108 CFU/ml per liter of drinking water can increase health by stimulation of ChIFN-γ and ChIL-10 in broiler infected with E. tenella oocyst.
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13
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Chavarro-Tulcán I, Arias-Sosa LA, Rojas AL. Evaluation of metabolic syndromes and parasitic infection in Muscovy ducks under different management conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:493. [PMID: 34599403 PMCID: PMC8486373 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proper health management is essential for productivity in duck farming. However, there is limited information on the effect of management conditions on rates of metabolic problems and parasitic infections in anatids. We evaluated the rates of metabolic syndromes and gastrointestinal parasite involvement in Muscovy ducks up to 12 weeks of age, under 3 management conditions: backyard, organized, and organized with probiotics. Individuals under organized management developed 2 metabolic problems: ascites, which was rare (3.5%), fatal, and affected both males and females, and angel wing syndrome, which was more frequent (10.6%), has low impact on general health, and only affected males. The treatments do not have a significant effect on the development of ascites, but only individuals in controlled conditions presented this syndrome, and due to its low prevalence, further studies with a larger sample size are required. The risk of angel wing syndrome increased significantly with probiotic supplementation. Regarding to parasitic infection, the improvement of sanitary management and the use of probiotics supplementation reduced the occurrence of coccidiosis. Similarly organized management with probiotic supplementation showed a protective effect on helminthiasis by reducing the frequency of Heterakis gallinarum and greatly reducing the helminth egg load. Coccidiosis and helminthiasis infections were not significantly correlated with the final weight of the ducks. Therefore, organized management and the use of probiotics seems to reduce the impact of parasitic infection, although it increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Chavarro-Tulcán
- Grupo Ecología de Organismos (GEO-UPTC), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Av. Central del Norte, 39-115, 150003, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Luis Alejandro Arias-Sosa
- Grupo Ecología de Organismos (GEO-UPTC), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Av. Central del Norte, 39-115, 150003, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia.
| | - Alex L Rojas
- Grupo Ecología de Organismos (GEO-UPTC), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Av. Central del Norte, 39-115, 150003, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
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Exogenous Enzymes Influenced Eimeria-Induced Changes in Cecal Fermentation Profile and Gene Expression of Nutrient Transporters in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092698. [PMID: 34573663 PMCID: PMC8470256 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two 21-day experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous enzymes on growth performance, tight junctions, and nutrient transporters, jejunal oligosaccharides and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of broiler chickens challenged with mixed Eimeria. Two different basal diets: high fiber-adequate protein (HFAP; Expt. 1) or low fiber-low protein (LFLP; Expt. 2) were used in the two experiments. In each experiment, birds were allocated to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without protease and xylanase combination; with or without Eimeria challenge). In Expt. 1, with HFAP diets, Eimeria upregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of claudin-1, but downregulated (p < 0.05) glucose transporters GLUT2/GLUT5. On the contrary, enzymes downregulated (p < 0.05) claudin-1 and alleviated the Eimeria-depressed GLUT2/GLUT5 expression. In both experiments, Eimeria decreased (p < 0.05) cecal saccharolytic SCFA and increased (p < 0.05) cecal branched-chain fatty acids. The challenge × enzyme interaction (p < 0.05) showed that enzymes reversed the Eimeria effects on fermentation pattern shift. In conclusion, Eimeria altered tight junctions and nutrient transporters expression promoted cecal proteolytic fermentation and inhibited saccharolytic fermentation. Exogenous enzymes showed the potential of alleviating the Eimeria-induced intestinal gene expression changes and reversing the unfavorable cecal fermentation pattern.
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Nooreh Z, Taherpour K, Ghasemi HA, Akbari Gharaei M, Shirzadi H. Protective and immunostimulatory effects of in-feed preparations of an anticoccidial, a probiotic, a vitamin-selenium complex, and Ferulago angulata extract in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria species. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:307. [PMID: 34526018 PMCID: PMC8442408 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two experiments were conducted to compare the growth-promoting (experiment 1), protective, and immunostimulatory effects (experiment 2) of salinomycin, probiotic, a vitamin-selenium complex, and Ferulago angulata hydroalcoholic extract (FAE) against coccidiosis in broilers. In each experiment, 350 1-day-old broiler chickens were equally divided in 7 groups: uninfected negative control (NC); infected positive control (PC); or PC supplemented with salinomycin (Sal); probiotic (Pro); a combination of vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium (ECSe); 200 mg/kg of FAE (FAE200); or 400 mg/kg of FAE (FAE400). All these groups (except NC) were challenged via oral gavage with oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. on d 10 (experiment 1) or d 14 (experiment 2). Results In the first trial, all treatments improved growth and feed conversion compared with the PC group, where the best values were noticed in the NC and FAE400 groups throughout the entire experimental period (d 1 to 42). Further, a lower mortality rate (P < 0.05) was observed in the NC, Sal, and FAE400 groups as compared to that in the PC group. In the second trial, intestinal lesion scores and total oocyst numbers were reduced in the Sal, Pro, and FAE400 groups compared to the PC group, albeit all coccidiosis-challenged groups had higher oocyst shedding (P < 0.05) compared to NC group. Immune responses revealed that among challenged birds, those fed diets Pro, ECSE, and FAE400 had significantly higher primary total and secondary total and IgG antibody titers against sheep red blood cells, serum and cecum specific IgG levels, and serum IFN-γ concentration than the PC group. Conclusions Considering the results, dietary FAE, especially at high levels of inclusion in broiler diet (400 mg/kg), could beneficially influence growth performance and immune status under coccidiosis challenge, which was comparable to that of probiotic supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nooreh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kamran Taherpour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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16
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Wang Y, Lv X, Li X, Zhao J, Zhang K, Hao X, Liu K, Liu H. Protective Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum P8 on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Microbiota in Eimeria-Infected Broilers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705758. [PMID: 34305875 PMCID: PMC8299996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in the commercial broiler industry. Probiotics can protect poultry against Eimeria infection. However, the mechanisms are not fully known. Therefore, Lactobacillus plantarum P8 (P8) was used to investigate its anti-coccidial property and mechanism. Five hundred broilers were allocated to five treatments: control diet (NC), control diet + Eimeria infection (IC), control diet containing 1 × 107 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8L), control diet containing 1 × 108 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8H), and control diet + Eimeria infection + Diclazuril (DIC). At day 14, all treatments except NC were inoculated with sporulated oocysts. Results indicated that Eimeria infection increased the mortality and oocysts shedding, and declined the growth performance as well as the intestinal barrier in Eimeria-treated broilers. On the contrary, dietary supplementation of low level P8, high level P8 and DIC decreased the mortality and oocysts shedding, but improved the growth performance and intestinal barrier. The impaired intestinal morphology in the IC group was also improved by P8H and DIC treatments. Besides, the elevated oxidative stress and pro-inflammation in Eimeria-infected broilers were reduced by P8L, P8H, and DIC treatments. Metagenomic analysis indicated P8 altered the structure of the gut microbiota, and the alteration was more obvious at day 21 than day 42. Notably, IC also increased the abundances of Eimeriidae, Eimeria and Eimeria tenella at day 21, while P8L and DIC decreased the abundances. Correlation analysis revealed that bacteria in Eimeria-treated broilers positively correlated with the intestinal permeability, oxidative stress and inflammation, while bacteria in broilers receiving P8L and DIC negatively correlated with the aforementioned pathological indices. Functional prediction demonstrated that the metagenomes of Eimeria-infected broilers were involved in several diseases. But the metagenomes of P8L-treated broilers were involved in energy metabolism and replication repair. In conclusion, dietary P8 supplementation inhibited oocyst shedding and improved the growth performance as well as the intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria, which was closely related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Moreover, the effects of P8 may be more effective in the early infection of coccidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoguo Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Wickramasuriya SS, Park I, Lee Y, Kim WH, Przybyszewski C, Gay CG, van Oosterwijk JG, Lillehoj HS. Oral Delivery of Bacillus subtilis Expressing Chicken NK-2 Peptide Protects Against Eimeria acervulina Infection in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:684818. [PMID: 34150899 PMCID: PMC8213023 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.684818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken NK-lysin peptide 2 (cNK-2) is a natural lytic peptide with direct cytotoxicity against many apicomplexan parasites including Eimeria. Developing an effective oral delivery strategy to express cNK-2 in the intestine, where Eimeria parasites interact with the host's gut epithelial cells, may effectively reduce the fecundity of parasites and minimize intestinal damage. Furthermore, cNK-2 modulates gut immune responses to decrease local inflammation elicited by Eimeria infection in the intestine. Therefore, we developed a stable strain of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) that carries cNK-2 to the gut to determine its effectiveness in ameliorating the negative impacts of coccidiosis and to replace the use of antibiotics in controlling coccidiosis in commercial broiler chicken production. Chickens were randomly allocated into eight treatment groups: two control groups (NC: E. acervulina infected non-B. subtilis control; CON: non-infected control); three B. subtilis-empty vector (EV) groups (EV6: 106 cfu/day/bird; EV8: 108 cfu/day/bird; EV10: 1010 cfu/day/bird), and three B. subtilis-cNK-2 groups (NK6: 106 cfu/day/bird; NK8: 108 cfu/day/bird; NK10: 1010 cfu/day/bird). All chickens, except those in the CON group, were challenged with 5,000 freshly sporulated E. acervulina oocysts through oral gavage on day 15. Chickens were given an oral dose of B. subtilis on days 14, 15, and 16. Body weight, weight gains, and fecal oocyst shedding were measured. To investigate the efficacy of oral B. subtilis-cNK-2 against coccidiosis, gene expression of gut health-related biomarkers was measured using RT-PCR. Markers included SOD1, CAT, and HMOX1 for oxidative stress in the spleen and intestinal mucosa, OCLN, ZO-1, and JAM2 for tight junction proteins, and MUC2 for mucin gene expression in the gut. The results showed that oral treatment of young chickens with B. subtilis-cNK-2 improved growth performance, enhanced gut integrity, and reduced fecal oocyst shedding. Altogether, these results confirm B. subtilis-cNK-2 treatment as a promising and effective alternative strategy to replace antibiotics against coccidiosis based on its ability to reduce parasite survival, to reduce coccidiosis-induced body weight loss, and to decrease gut damage based on the enhanced expression of proteins associated with gut integrity and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiru S Wickramasuriya
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Inkyung Park
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Youngsub Lee
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Woo H Kim
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - Cyril G Gay
- National Program Staff-Animal Health, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | | | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Wu Y, Lei Z, Wang Y, Yin D, Aggrey SE, Guo Y, Yuan J. Metabolome and Microbiota Analysis Reveals the Conducive Effect of Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1 and Xylan Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chickens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:683905. [PMID: 34122394 PMCID: PMC8192963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.683905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylan oligosaccharides (XOS) can promote proliferation of Pediococcus acidilactic BCC-1, which benefits gut health and growth performance of broilers. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactic BCC-1 (referred to BBC) and XOS on the gut metabolome and microbiota of broilers. The feed conversion ratio of BBC group, XOS group and combined XOS and BBC groups was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Combined XOS and BBC supplementation (MIX group) elevated butyrate content of the cecum (P < 0.05) and improved ileum morphology by enhancing the ratio of the villus to crypt depth (P < 0.05). The 16S rDNA results indicated that both XOS and BBC induced high abundance of butyric acid bacteria. XOS treatment elevated Clostridium XIVa and the BBC group enriched Anaerotruncus and Faecalibacterium. In contrast, MIX group induced higher relative abundance of Clostridiaceae XIVa, Clostridiaceae XIVb and Lachnospiraceae. Besides, MIX group showed lower abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter. Metabolome analysis showed that all the 3 treatment groups (XOS, BBC and MIX) showed lower concentrations of sorbitol and both XOS and BBC group had higher concentrations of pyridoxine levels than CT group. Besides, XOS and BBC groups enhanced the content of hydroxyphenyl derivatives 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, respectively (P < 0.05). Notably, MIX group enhanced both 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (P < 0.05). Thus, XOS and BBC may have a synergistic role to improve the performance of broilers by modulating gut microbiota and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dafei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel E. Aggrey
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Kwoji ID, Aiyegoro OA, Okpeku M, Adeleke MA. Multi-Strain Probiotics: Synergy among Isolates Enhances Biological Activities. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:322. [PMID: 33924344 PMCID: PMC8070017 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics for health benefits is becoming popular because of the quest for safer products with protective and therapeutic effects against diseases and infectious agents. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens had prompted restrictions over the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and growth promotion, especially in animal husbandry. While single-strain probiotics are beneficial to health, multi-strain probiotics might be more helpful because of synergy and additive effects among the individual isolates. This article documents the mechanisms by which multi-strain probiotics exert their effects in managing infectious and non-infectious diseases, inhibiting antibiotic-resistant pathogens and health improvement. The administration of multi-strain probiotics was revealed to effectively alleviate bowel tract conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, inhibition of pathogens and modulation of the immune system and gut microbiota. Finally, while most of the current research focuses on comparing the effects of multi-strain and single-strain probiotics, there is a dearth of information on the molecular mechanisms of synergy among multi-strain probiotics isolates. This forms a basis for future research in the development of multi-strain probiotics for enhanced health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya D. Kwoji
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.D.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Olayinka A. Aiyegoro
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Irene 0062, South Africa;
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.D.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Matthew A. Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.D.K.); (M.O.)
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20
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Mohsin M, Abbas RZ, Yin G, Sindhu ZUD, Abbas A, Huang Z, Aleem MT, Saeed Z, Afzal MZ, Ejaz A, Shoaib M. Probiotics as therapeutic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory agents against poultry coccidiosis. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1883412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin
- College of Life Science and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Guangwen Yin
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zia-Ud-Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Abbas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Adil Ejaz
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Adhikari P, Kiess A, Adhikari R, Jha R. An approach to alternative strategies to control avian coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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22
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El-Sawah AA, Aboelhadid SM, El-Nahass EN, Helal HE, Korany AM, El-Ashram S. Efficacy of probiotic Enterococcus faecium in combination with diclazuril against coccidiosis in experimentally infected broilers. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1020-1028. [PMID: 32364304 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study was conducted to investigate the combination of a probiotic strain of Enterococcus faecium and diclazuril to control coccidiosis in broilers. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 240 one-day-old female broiler chicks were divided into eight groups (30 chicks per group): prophylactic groups (G1, G2 and G3) and therapeutic groups (G4, G5 and G6) and two control groups (untreated infected, G7 and untreated uninfected, G8 controls). In the prophylactic approach, diclazuril alone (G1), probiotic alone (G2) or a mixture of both probiotic and diclazuril (G3) was orally administered to the chicks via drinking water 10 days prior to the infection. However, in the therapeutic approach, G4, G5 and G6 birds were administered diclazuril alone, probiotic alone and diclazuril+probiotic mix, respectively, in drinking water for five consecutive days after the appearance of clinical signs of coccidiosis. Birds of both approaches and G7 were experimentally infected with 25 × 103 Eimeria-sporulated oocysts. Chicks in G3 showed the highest weight gain, the lowest lesion score, a low oocyst count and mortality rate among the challenged groups. Moderate lesion scores and oocyst counts were observed in chickens administered probiotics prophylactically. In the therapeutic approach, broilers in G6 but not G5 displayed a decreased mortality rate and lesion score in comparison to those in G7 and G8. However, the result of the probiotic-treated group was not significantly different from that in the untreated infected control group. CONCLUSION The probiotic supplementation as a prophylactic approach can decrease the adverse effects of eimerian infection. In addition, the probiotic and diclazuril mix achieved a considerable improvement in the growth performance. Therefore, probiotic plus diclazuril combination achieved a synergistic effect. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Investigation into the synergism/antagonism between a probiotic and diclazuril as anticoccidial agent and the difference in the timing of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A El-Sawah
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - S M Aboelhadid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - E N El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - H E Helal
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Dar-Alramad Veterinary Clinic, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - A M Korany
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - S El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.,Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
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Chasser KM, Duff AF, Wilson KM, Briggs WN, Latorre JD, Barta JR, Bielke LR. Research Note: Evaluating fecal shedding of oocysts in relation to body weight gain and lesion scores during Eimeria infection. Poult Sci 2020; 99:886-892. [PMID: 32036984 PMCID: PMC7587844 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis has been a pervasive disease within the poultry industry, with test parameters used to measure effectiveness of treatment strategies often being subjective or influenced by non-disease-related activity. Four experiments were completed, which examined several test parameters of coccidiosis, including body weight gain (BWG), lesion scores, and oocysts per gram of feces (OPG). Each experiment included at least 2 parameters for measuring coccidial infection in chickens and turkeys. In experiment 1, an inoculated control was measured against 3 anticoccidial groups, whereas in experiments 2 to 4, noninoculated and inoculated controls were compared via BWG and OPG. Lesion scores were also included in experiments 1, 3, and 4. Experiment 4 resulted in high correlation, via Pearson correlation coefficient, between BWG and OPG (r = -0.69), very high correlation between OPG and lesion score (r = 0.86), and moderate correlation between BWG and lesion score (r = -0.49). Lesion scores proved to be effective in confirming Eimeria infection, although they did not correlate well with BWG or OPG. Each parameter tended to provide more useful information when lined up with the Eimeria life cycle. Incorporation of OPG, with BWG and lesion scores, as test parameters to measure coccidiosis intervention strategies, provides a global description of disease that may not otherwise be observed with the 2 latter measurements alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Chasser
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - A F Duff
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - K M Wilson
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - W N Briggs
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - J D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - J R Barta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L R Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Yu W, Hao X, Zhiyue W, Haiming Y, Lei X. Evaluation of the Effect of Bacillus Subtilis and Pediococcus Acidilactici Mix on Serum Biochemistry, Growth Promotation of Body and Visceral Organs in Lohmann Brown Chicks. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Yu
- Yangzhou University, PR. China
| | - X Hao
- Yangzhou University, PR. China
| | - W Zhiyue
- Yangzhou University, PR. China; Yangzhou University, PR. China
| | | | - X Lei
- Yangzhou University, PR. China
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25
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Almeida Paz ICDL, de Lima Almeida IC, de La Vega LT, Milbradt EL, Borges MR, Chaves GHC, dos Ouros CC, Lourenço da Silva MI, Caldara FR, Andreatti Filho RL. Productivity and Well-Being of Broiler Chickens Supplemented With Probiotic. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Yan M, Cui X, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Huang B, Wang L, Zhao H, Liu G, Li Z, Han H, Dong H. Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of the microneme 2 protein from Eimeria tenella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:60. [PMID: 30474601 PMCID: PMC6254105 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Microneme proteins play an important role in the adherence of apicomplexan parasites to host cells during the invasion process. In this study, the microneme 2 protein from the protozoan parasite Eimeria tenella (EtMIC2) was cloned, characterized, and its protective efficacy as a DNA vaccine investigated. The EtMIC2 gene, which codes for a 35.07 kDa protein in E. tenella sporulated oocysts, was cloned and recombinant EtMIC2 protein (rEtMIC2) was produced in an Escherichia coli expression system. Immunostaining with an anti-rEtMIC2 antibody showed that the EtMIC2 protein mainly localized in the anterior region and membrane of sporozoites, in the cytoplasm of first- and second-generation merozoites, and was strongly expressed during first-stage schizogony. In addition, incubation with specific antibodies against EtMIC2 was found to efficiently reduce the ability of E. tenella sporozoites to invade host cells. Furthermore, animal-challenge experiments demonstrated that immunization with pcDNA3.1(+)-EtMIC2 significantly increased average body weight gain, while decreasing the mean lesion score and oocyst output in chickens. Taken together, these results suggest that EtMIC2 plays an important role in parasite cell invasion and may be a viable candidate for the development of new vaccines against E. tenella infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China - College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China - Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266114, PR China
| | - Qiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Shunhai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Bing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Huanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Guiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhihang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China - College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200241, PR China
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Awais MM, Jamal MA, Akhtar M, Hameed MR, Anwar MI, Ullah MI. Immunomodulatory and ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces based probiotics on pathological effects of eimeriasis in broilers. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:101-108. [PMID: 30385394 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria infection is very important in broilers and causes heavy economic losses in extensive farming system due to reduced weight gains, high mortality and poor feed conversion ratio (FCR). Under the circumstances, there is a dire need to devise effective control strategies to avoid/counteract this infectious threat. This study was conducted to assess the immunomodulatory and ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces based probiotics against Eimeria infection in broilers. The results showed statistically higher (P < 0.05) lymphoproliferative responses in experimental groups treated either with Lactobacillus or Saccharomyces based probiotics, as compared to control group. Further higher antibody titers (geomean titers) were also recorded in chickens of experimental groups treated with probiotics as compared to those of control group. The probiotic treated groups also revealed significantly improved (P < 0.05) FCRs as compared to control group. In challenge experiment, significantly lower (P < 0.05) oocyst counts were recorded in broilers treated with probiotics, when compared with control group. Further, experimental groups also revealed significantly higher (P < 0.05) daily weight gains and protection rates as compared to control. The data regarding the lesion scoring showed that chickens treated with probiotics had higher values of percent protection against intestinal and caecal lesion, when compared with those of control group. In conclusion, supplementation of probiotics proved very useful to enhance the immunological and performance potentials of broilers which subsequently provided protection against Eimeria infection. Further studies on the physico-chemical properties along with commercial feasibility and cost benefit analysis of these probiotic species are needed for wise selection to get maximum profit from broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Muhammad Awais
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Asif Jamal
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Masood Akhtar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Hameed
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Anwar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Ullah
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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30
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Tonda RM, Rubach JK, Lumpkins BS, Mathis GF, Poss MJ. Effects of tannic acid extract on performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens following coccidiosis vaccination and/or a mixed-species Eimeria challenge. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3031-3042. [PMID: 29767789 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of tannic acid extract (TAE) formulations on the performance and intestinal health of male Cobb × Cobb 500 broilers exposed to coccidiosis. In the first experiment, 320 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 8 replicates. Treatments included non-medicated, uninfected (NC); non-medicated, infected (PC); salinomycin (SAL, 66 mg/kg); tannic acid (TA, 0.5 g/kg) and TAE (TAE, 0.5 g/kg). On d 14, all groups (except NC) were orally inoculated with Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella oocysts. Intestinal lesion scores, fecal oocyst counts (OPG) and performance were evaluated on d 20. The PC had greater lesions and higher FCR than infected, supplemented groups. Only TAE reduced OPG compared to PC (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, 3,000 broiler chicks were vaccinated on day of hatch with live coccidial oocysts, then randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 15 replicates. Treatments included non-medicated (CNT); salinomycin (SAL, 66 mg/kg); robenidine (ROB, 33 mg/kg); TAE (0.5 g/kg) and TAE with Bacillus coagulans (TAE+BC, 0.5 g/kg). On d 29, a subset of pens (n = 20) were challenged with a mixed Eimeria spp. oral inoculum; performance, lesions and OPG were evaluated on d 35. An immune challenge was created in half the pens by issuing broilers feed without supplementation materials during the challenge. For the non-challenged pens (n = 55), performance was measured up to d 49. Performance of non-challenged, vaccinated-CNT birds was improved with all treatments at d 21 and d 49. Among the challenged birds, withdrawal of SAL or ROB resulted in FCR similar to the challenged CNT group (P > 0.05), whereas withdrawal of TAE or TAE+BC maintained improved FCR compared to challenged-CNT birds (P < 0.05). These findings indicate supplementation of TAE and TAE+BC with coccidiosis vaccination can be considered as a potential alternative strategy to address coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Tonda
- Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA, 50317, USA
| | - J K Rubach
- Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA, 50317, USA
| | - B S Lumpkins
- Southern Poultry Research, Athens, GA, 30607, USA
| | - G F Mathis
- Southern Poultry Research, Athens, GA, 30607, USA
| | - M J Poss
- Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA, 50317, USA
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V T Nair D, Kollanoor-Johny A. Effect of Propionibacterium freudenreichii on Salmonella multiplication, motility, and association with avian epithelial cells1. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1376-1386. [PMID: 27738122 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a probiotic bacterium, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, on Salmonella multiplication, motility, and association to and invasion of avian epithelial cells in vitro. Two subspecies of P. freudenreichii (P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii and P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii) were tested against 3 Salmonella serotypes in poultry, namely, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Heidelberg, using co-culture-, motility, multiplication, cell association, and invasion assays. Both strains of P. freudenreichii were effective in reducing or inhibiting multiplication of all 3 Salmonella serotypes in co-culture and turkey cecal contents (P ≤ 0.05). P. freudenreichii significantly reduced Salmonella motility (P ≤ 0.05). Cell culture studies revealed that P. freudenreichii associated with the avian epithelial cells effectively and reduced S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, and S. Typhimurium cell association in the range of 1.0 to 1.6 log10 CFU/mL, and invasion in the range of 1.3 to 1.5 log10 CFU/mL (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Our current in vitro results indicate the potential of P. freudenreichii against Salmonella in poultry. Follow-up in vivo studies are underway to evaluate this possibility.
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Pender CM, Kim S, Potter TD, Ritzi MM, Young M, Dalloul RA. In ovo supplementation of probiotics and its effects on performance and immune-related gene expression in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1052-1062. [PMID: 28158826 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live, nonpathogenic microorganisms known to have a positive effect on the host by improving the natural balance of gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of administering probiotics (Primalac W/S) in ovo on hatchability, early post-hatch performance, and intestinal immune-related gene expression of broiler chicks. At embryonic day eighteen, 360 Cobb 500 eggs were injected with sterile water (sham), 1 × 105, 1 × 106, or 1 × 107 (P1, P2, and P3 respectively) probiotic bacteria. Another 90 eggs remained non-injected to serve as a negative control. Measurements and tissue samples were taken on day of hatch (DOH) and days 4, 6, 8, 15, and 22. No significant differences were seen among groups for hatchability, feed intake, feed conversion ratios, or mortality. Body weight of P2 was significantly greater than that of the negative control, sham and P1 on d 4, and that of the negative control and P1 on d 6. A similar pattern was observed for BW gain (BWG) from DOH to d 4. Real-time PCR was used to investigate the expression of immune-related genes in the ileum and cecal tonsils. Other than an initial upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase on DOH, in ovo probiotic supplementation was associated with downregulated expression of Toll-like receptors-2 and -4, inducible nitric oxide synthase, trefoil factor-2, mucin-2, interferon-γ, and interleukins-4 and -13 in both the ileum and cecal tonsils, though expression patterns differed based on treatment, tissue, and time point evaluated. Taken together, these results indicate that in ovo supplementation of the probiotic product Primalac does not impact hatchability, can improve performance during the first week post-hatch, and is capable of modulating gene expression in the ileum and cecal tonsils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chasity M Pender
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Sungwon Kim
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Tiffany D Potter
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Miranda M Ritzi
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | | | - Rami A Dalloul
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Surveillance of Eimeria species in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, and insight into parasitic seasonal life cycle at timberline regions of the Japanese Alps. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2018; 7:134-140. [PMID: 29988830 PMCID: PMC6031964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta japonica, inhabits the alpine zone of mountainous areas at 3000 m above sea level. Since L. m. japonica is endangered due to a decline in the overall population, controlling infectious diseases such as those caused by protozoan parasites is a critical factor in the conservation of this species. Although Eimeria spp. are considered to have a negative impact on Japanese rock ptarmigan populations, the ecological interactions between the parasites and their hosts have not yet been fully clarified. We therefore conducted seasonal surveys of the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in Japanese rock ptarmigan populations. In addition, we recorded the ambient temperature in ptarmigan habitat and characterized the ability of eimerian isolates to acquire infectivity. Eimeria spp. were detected in 217 of 520 (41.7%) Japanese rock ptarmigan fecal samples in 2006 and in 177 of 308 (57.5%) fecal samples in 2007. Specifically, we observed two types of oocysts characteristic of E. uekii and type B. In adult birds and chicks, infection rates increased towards August (summer) and then decreased as the temperature decreased toward November (winter). Oocyst counts per gram (OPG) of feces peaked in August in adults and chicks, and OPG values were markedly higher in chicks than in adults. Isolated Eimeria spp. oocysts sporulated at temperatures as low as 8 °C and remained viable after being stored at 4 °C for 6 months. Our findings suggest that Eimeria spp. can complete their annual lifecycle in the cold timberline regions inhabited by the host, the Japanese rock ptarmigan, and that Eimeria spp. infection is widespread in the bird populations examined.
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Tsukahara T, Inoue R, Nakayama K, Inatomi T. Inclusion of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TOA5001 in the diet of broilers suppresses the symptoms of coccidiosis by modulating intestinal microbiota. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:679-687. [PMID: 29282825 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic infection and one of the most prevalent and economically damaging diseases of chickens. Furthermore, coccidia-induced mucogenesis promotes secondary colonization by Clostridium perfringens, a major pathogen of chickens that causes necrotic enteritis. Our previous work found that supernatant of a culture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TOA5001 (BA) inhibited the growth of C. perfringens on Gifu anaerobic broth medium. Accordingly, we evaluated the effectiveness of dietary BA administration in inhibiting C. perfringens colonization of the intestine in broilers that were experimentally infected with coccidia. Ten healthy broilers from a BA-supplemented (2 × 105 colony-forming units/g of feed) broiler group and 10 from a non-treated group were challenged with Eimeria tenella and E. maxima (5000 oocysts of each species/chick) at 28 days old. At 36 days old, five chicks from each group were slaughtered, whereas the remaining five in each group were killed at 49 days old. Dietary BA administration into Eimeria-challenged birds reduced coccidial symptoms such as intestinal lesions. It also modified the cecal microbiota through suppressing C. perfringens and E. coli colonization, and inducing domination of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, the Lactobacillus group and unknown Lachnospiraceae genera by bacterial DNA-based metagenome analyses. B. amyloliquefaciens TOA5001 supplementation suppressed the symptoms of coccidiosis by modulating cecal microbiota in Eimeria-challenged broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Nakayama
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology, Ujitawara, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takio Inatomi
- TOA Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.,Inatomi Animal Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Studies on the growth performance of different broiler strains at high altitude and evaluation of probiotic effect on their survivability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46074. [PMID: 28397871 PMCID: PMC5387394 DOI: 10.1038/srep46074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of appropriate breeds of broilers and development of new feed additives is required for the development of poultry industry at high altitude. Therefore, this experiment was conducted first to identify the suitable broiler strain for this region. One week old chicks (150) from three broiler strains, i.e. Vencobb, RIR cross-bred, and Hubbard were randomly selected and divided equally into three groups. All the chicks were provided the same basal diet. The body weight gain and feed: gain responses were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in RIR cross-bred. Mortality was also observed lower in RIR cross-bred. Thereafter, the second trial was conducted in RIR cross-bred to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation (T1@ 9 gm/kg feed, T2@ 18 gm/kg feed) on their performance and mortality. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in weight gain, feed intake, feed: gain, and water intake among the three groups, however, mortality from ascites and coccidiosis was reduced in probiotic treated groups. Hence, our results suggest that RIR cross-bred is suitable for rearing in high altitude regions and probiotic supplementation has no beneficial effects on production performance of broilers at high altitude. However, probiotic supplementation indicated lesser loss due to mortality of birds.
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Cardenas C, Zhai W, Wamsley K. Effects of various feed additive strategies on broilers given 10× live coccidiosis vaccine. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Adjei-Fremah S, Ekwemalor K, Asiamah EK, Ismail H, Ibrahim S, Worku M. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and global gene expression in dairy cows. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1292913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adjei-Fremah
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kingsley Ekwemalor
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel K. Asiamah
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Hamid Ismail
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Salam Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Mulumebet Worku
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Majidi-Mosleh A, Sadeghi AA, Mousavi SN, Chamani M, Zarei A. Effects of in Ovo Infusion of Probiotic Strains on Performance Parameters, Jejunal Bacterial Population and Mucin Gene Expression in Broiler Chicken. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A Zarei
- Islamic Azad University, Iran
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Majidi-Mosleh A, Sadeghi AA, Mousavi SN, Chamani M, Zarei A. Ileal MUC2 gene expression and microbial population, but not growth performance and immune response, are influenced by in ovo injection of probiotics in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2016; 58:40-45. [PMID: 27844495 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1237766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1. The objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of intra-amniotic injection of different probiotic strains (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidilactici) on the intestinal MUC2 gene expression, microbial population, growth performance and immune response in broiler chicken. 2. In a completely randomised design, different probiotic strains were injected into the amniotic fluid of the 480 live embryos (d 18 of incubation), with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Ileal MUC2 gene expression, microbial profile, growth performance and immune response were determined. 3. Injection of probiotic strains, especially B. subtilis, had significant effect on expression of the MUC2 on d 21 of incubation and d 3 post-hatch, but not on d 19 of incubation. 4. Injection of the probiotic strains decreased significantly the Escherichia coli population and increased the lactic acid bacteria population during the first week post-hatch. 5. Inoculation of probiotics had no significant effect on antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus, antibody titres against sheep red blood cell and cell-mediated immune response of chickens compared to control. 6. In ovo injection of the probiotic strains had no significant effect on growth performance of broiler chickens. 7. It was concluded that injection of probiotic bacteria especially B. subtilis into the amniotic fluid has a beneficial effect on ileal MUC2 gene expression and bacteria population during the first week post-hatch, but has no effect on growth performance and immune response in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Majidi-Mosleh
- a Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - A A Sadeghi
- a Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - S N Mousavi
- b Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch , Islamic Azad University , Varamin , Tehran , Iran
| | - M Chamani
- a Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - A Zarei
- c Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch , Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
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Pender C, Kim S, Potter T, Ritzi M, Young M, Dalloul R. Effects of in ovo supplementation of probiotics on performance and immunocompetence of broiler chicks to an Eimeria challenge. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:699-705. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is regarded as the parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact on the poultry industry due to reduced performance and increased mortality. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo administration of probiotics on hatchability, performance, immune organ weights, and lesion scores in broiler chicks during a mixed Eimeria infection. At embryonic day 18, 210 eggs were injected with either sterile water or 1×106 cfu probiotic bacteria. On day 3 post-hatch, half of the chicks from each treatment group were challenged with a mixed inoculum of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. Measurements and tissue samples were taken on day of hatch (DOH) and days 3, 9 and 15. On day 9, 24 birds per treatment were scored for intestinal Eimeria lesions. No differences were seen among groups for hatchability as well as for body weight (BW), BW gain (BWG), or immune organ weights prior to the Eimeria challenge. On day 9, the non-challenged birds with probiotic supplementation had higher BW and BWG than the non-supplemented controls while no differences were seen among the challenged groups. On day 15, probiotic supplemented birds had improved BW compared to the non-supplemented birds as well as increased BWG from day 9 to 15. Bursa weight was not affected by treatment at any time point while spleen weight was greater in supplemented birds on day 15. Birds receiving the probiotic had significantly lower mortality than non-treated birds. Additionally, gross lesion severity was reduced due to probiotic supplementation in all intestinal segments evaluated. These results suggest that in ovo supplementation of probiotics may improve early performance and provide protection against a mixed Eimeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Pender
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - S. Kim
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - T.D. Potter
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - M.M. Ritzi
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - M. Young
- Star Labs/Forage Research, Inc., P.O. Box 77, Clarksdale, MO 64430, USA
| | - R.A. Dalloul
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Dong H, Yang S, Zhao Q, Han H, Zhu S, Zhu X, Li C, Wang Z, Xia W, Men Q, Yang L, Huang B. Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of silent information regulator 2A from Eimeria tenella. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:602. [PMID: 27884171 PMCID: PMC5123391 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silent information regulator 2 (SIR2) proteins are a family of NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases that are considered potential targets for anti-parasitic agents. In this study, we cloned and characterized SIR2A of the protozoan parasite Eimeria tenella (EtSIR2A) and investigated its protective efficacy as a DNA vaccine. Methods The EtSIR2A gene encoding 33.37 kDa protein from E. tenella second-generation merozoites was cloned, and recombinant EtSIR2A protein (rEtSIR2A) was produced in an Escherichia coli expression system. The rEtSIR2A was used to immunize rabbits. Anti-rEtSIR2A antibodies were used to determine the immunolocolization of EtSIR2A in the parasite by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Transcript and protein expression of EtSIR2A in different development stages of E. tenella were observed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot (WB) analysis, respectively. The recombinant plasmid pCAGGS-EtSIR2A was constructed and its efficacy against E. tenella infection in chickens was evaluated. Results qPCR and WB analysis revealed EtSIR2A expression was developmentally regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. EtSIR2A mRNA levels were higher in unsporulated oocysts than at other developmental stages, including sporulated oocysts, sporozoites and second-generation merozoites. In contrast, EtSIR2A protein expression levels were highest in second-generation merozoites, moderate in unsporulated oocysts and sporulated oocysts and lowest in sporozoites. Immunostaining with anti-rEtSIR2A antibody indicated that EtSIR2A was mainly located in the cytoplasm of sporozoites and second-generation merozoites, and was strongly expressed during first stage schizogony. Animal-challenge experiments demonstrated that immunization with pCAGGS-EtSIR2A significantly increased average body-weight gain, and decreased mean lesion score and oocyst output in chickens. Conclusions These results suggest that EtSIR2A may play an important role in parasite cell survival and may be an effective candidate for the development of new vaccines against E. tenella infection in chickens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1871-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qiping Zhao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shunhai Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xuelong Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Cong Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weili Xia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qifei Men
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Liangyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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In vitro inhibition of Eimeria tenella sporozoite invasion into host cells by probiotics. Vet Parasitol 2016; 229:93-98. [PMID: 27809987 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study the effects of probiotics isolated from the intestinal tract of livestock animals on Eimeria tenella invasion into Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells in vitro. E. tenella sporozoites were purified and labeled with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester before seeding on cell cultures, and invasion was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Two protocols (A and B) were used. In protocol A, Enterococcus faecium # 589 or Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius # 505 were added together with sporozoites to MDBK cell cultures and invasion was evaluated after incubation for approximately 20h. Viable, dead, or spent culture supernatants of probiotics were tested. In protocol B, viable probiotics were incubated with MDBK cells for one hour before sporozoites were added and invasion was evaluated after two more hours of incubation. Parasite invasion of viable, dead, or spent culture supernatant of E. faecium # 589 was assessed. Using protocol A, it was shown that parasite invasion was inhibited by viable (80%) or dead (75%) E. faecium # 589. While inhibition by viable L. salivarius subsp. salivarius # 505 was not valid at the highest concentration and not significant at the other test concentrations, dead cells inhibited parasite invasion up to 45%. Spent culture supernatants of both probiotics had no influence on parasite invasion. Using protocol B, it was shown that viable Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis # 503, E. faecium # 497, E. faecium # 589, L. reuteri # 514, L. salivarius subsp. salivarius # 505, and Bacillus subtilis # 588 inhibited parasite invasion into MDBK cells up to 80%. Anticoccidial activity was strain-specific for E. faecium strains, and the strongest effect was shown by E. faecium # 589. Anticoccidial effects of some of the tested probiotics have already been shown in vivo, which makes them candidates to prevent coccidiosis. These findings have now been confirmed in vitro. The used parasite invasion assay is a fast and inexpensive tool to screen probiotics for prevention of coccidiosis.
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Saint-Cyr MJ, Haddad N, Taminiau B, Poezevara T, Quesne S, Amelot M, Daube G, Chemaly M, Dousset X, Guyard-Nicodème M. Use of the potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus salivarius SMXD51 to control Campylobacter jejuni in broilers. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 247:9-17. [PMID: 27432696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in the EU since 2005. As chicken meat is the main source of contamination, reducing the level of Campylobacter in broiler chicken will lower the risk to consumers. The aim of this project was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus salivarius SMXD51 to control Campylobacter jejuni in broilers and to investigate the mechanisms that could be involved. Thirty broilers artificially contaminated with C. jejuni were treated by oral gavage with MRS broth or a bacterial suspension (107CFU) of Lb. salivarius SMXD51 (SMXD51) in MRS broth. At 14 and 35days of age, Campylobacter and Lb. salivarius loads were assessed in cecal contents. The impact of the treatment on the avian gut microbiota at day 35 was also evaluated. At day 14, the comparison between the control and treated groups showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) of 0.82 log. After 35days, a significant reduction (P<0.001) of 2.81 log in Campylobacter loads was observed and 73% of chickens treated with the culture exhibited Campylobacter loads below 7log10CFU/g. Taxonomic analysis revealed that SMXD51 treatment induced significant changes (P<0.05) in a limited number of bacterial genera of the avian gut microbiota and partially limited the impact of Campylobacter on Anaerotruncus sp. decrease and Subdoligranulum sp. increase. Thus, SMXD51 exhibits an anti-Campylobacter activity in vivo and can partially prevent the impact of Campylobacter on the avian gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabila Haddad
- SECALIM Unit UMR1014, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- FARAH, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Typhaine Poezevara
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France
| | - Ségolène Quesne
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- Department of Poultry Experimentation, ANSES, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France
| | - Georges Daube
- FARAH, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France
| | - Xavier Dousset
- SECALIM Unit UMR1014, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France.
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France.
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del Cacho E, Gallego M, Lillehoj HS, Quilez J, Lillehoj EP, Sánchez-Acedo C. Induction of protective immunity against experimental Eimeria tenella infection using serum exosomes. Vet Parasitol 2016; 224:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Buntyn JO, Schmidt TB, Nisbet DJ, Callaway TR. The Role of Direct-Fed Microbials in Conventional Livestock Production. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2015; 4:335-55. [PMID: 26667362 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of direct-fed microbials (DFM) as a means to improve the health and performance of livestock has generated significant interest over the past 15+ years. A driving force for this increased interest in DFM is to reduce or eliminate the use of low-dose antibiotics in livestock production. This increased attention toward DFM supplementation has generated an extensive body of research. This effort has resulted in conflicting reports. Although there has been considerable variation in the design of these studies, one of the main causes for this lack of consistency may be attributed to the variation in the experimental immune challenge incorporated to evaluate DFM supplementation. Taking into account the experimental immune challenge, there is strong evidence to suggest that DFM supplementation may have an impact on the immune response, overall health, and performance of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Buntyn
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; ,
| | - T B Schmidt
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; ,
| | - D J Nisbet
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, South Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas 77845;
| | - T R Callaway
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, South Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas 77845;
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Cox CM, Dalloul RA. Immunomodulatory role of probiotics in poultry and potential in ovo application. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:45-52. [PMID: 25213028 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing debate regarding the use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics in animal feed. This stems from worries that this practice may result in microbial resistance to human antibiotics employed in treating infections, thus causing a human health concern. Due to this tension, the poultry industry is under mounting pressure to reduce the use of these agents as feed additives and alternative control methods have taken the forefront in the research community. Investigators are searching for the latest alternative that will protect flocks from disease, while not hindering performance or negatively impacting profit margins. Probiotic supplementation is one option currently being explored as a means of improving performance and reducing the amount and severity of enteric diseases in poultry, and subsequent contamination of poultry products for human consumption. Probiotics are live, nonpathogenic microorganisms known to have a positive effect on the host by beneficially modifying gut microbiota and modulating the immune system. This review will discuss the role of probiotics in poultry, including their effects on performance, immune response and host defence against disease. Also addressed will be the recent applications of supplementing probiotics in ovo as an innovative means to administer such additives to promote early colonisation of beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Cox
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 3170 Litton-Reaves Hall, VA 24061, USA
| | - R A Dalloul
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 3170 Litton-Reaves Hall, VA 24061, USA
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Lin Z, Shi Y, Deng B, Mao X, Yu D, Li W. Protective immunity against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens following oral immunization with Bacillus subtilis expressing Eimeria tenella 3-1E protein. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3229-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an Eimeria vaccine candidate based on Eimeria tenella immune mapped protein 1 and chicken CD40 ligand. Vet Parasitol 2015; 210:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Transfection of Eimeria mitis with yellow fluorescent protein as reporter and the endogenous development of the transgenic parasite. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114188. [PMID: 25490541 PMCID: PMC4260837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advancements have been made in the genetic manipulation of apicomplexan parasites. Both the in vitro transient and in vivo stable transfection of Eimeria tenella have been developed successfully. Herein, we report the transient and stable transfection of Eimeria mitis. Methods and Findings Sporozoites of E. mitis transfected with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) expression plasmid were inoculated into chickens via the cloacal route. The recovered fluorescent oocysts were sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and then passaged 6 generations successively in chickens. The resulting population was analyzed by genome walking and Western blot. The endogenous development of the transgenic E. mitis was observed and its reproduction potential was tested. The stable transfection of E. mitis was developed. Genome walking confirmed the random integration of plasmid DNA into the genome; while Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of foreign proteins. Constitutive expression of EYFP was observed in all stages of merogony, gametogony and sporogony. The peak of the transgenic oocyst output was delayed by 24 h and the total oocyst reproduction was reduced by 7-fold when compared to the parental strain. Conclusion Stable transfection of E. mitis was successfully developed. The expression of foreign antigens in the transgenic parasites will facilitate the development of transgenic E. mitis as a vaccine vector.
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Yin G, Lin Q, Wei W, Qin M, Liu X, Suo X, Huang Z. Protective immunity against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens induced by immunization with a recombinant C-terminal derivative of EtIMP1. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 162:117-21. [PMID: 25464823 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immune mapped protein-1 (IMP1) is a new protective protein in apicomplexan parasites, and exits in Eimeria tenella. Cloning and sequence analysis has predicted the antigen to be a novel membrane protein of apicomplexan parasites. In order to assess the immunogenicity of EtIMP1, a C-terminal derivative of EtIMP1 was expressed in a bacterial host system and was used to immunize chickens. The protective efficacy against a homologous challenge was evaluated by body weight gains, lesion scores and fecal oocyst shedding. The results showed that the subunit vaccine can improve weight gains, reduced cecal pathology and lower oocyst fecal shedding compared with non immunized controls. The results suggested that the C-terminal derivative of EtIMP1 might be considered as a candidate in the development of subunit vaccines against Eimeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Yin
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mei Qin
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianyong Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, China Ministry of Agriculture & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xun Suo
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, China Ministry of Agriculture & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China.
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