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Wang F, Ting C, Riemondy KA, Douglas M, Foster K, Patel N, Kaku N, Linsalata A, Nemzek J, Varisco BM, Cohen E, Wilson JA, Riches DW, Redente EF, Toivola DM, Zhou X, Moore BB, Coulombe PA, Omary MB, Zemans RL. Regulation of epithelial transitional states in murine and human pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e165612. [PMID: 37768734 PMCID: PMC10645382 DOI: 10.1172/jci165612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease arising from impaired regeneration of the alveolar epithelium after injury. During regeneration, type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) assume a transitional state that upregulates multiple keratins and ultimately differentiate into AEC1s. In IPF, transitional AECs accumulate with ineffectual AEC1 differentiation. However, whether and how transitional cells cause fibrosis, whether keratins regulate transitional cell accumulation and fibrosis, and why transitional AECs and fibrosis resolve in mouse models but accumulate in IPF are unclear. Here, we show that human keratin 8 (KRT8) genetic variants were associated with IPF. Krt8-/- mice were protected from fibrosis and accumulation of the transitional state. Keratin 8 (K8) regulated the expression of macrophage chemokines and macrophage recruitment. Profibrotic macrophages and myofibroblasts promoted the accumulation of transitional AECs, establishing a K8-dependent positive feedback loop driving fibrogenesis. Finally, rare murine transitional AECs were highly senescent and basaloid and may not differentiate into AEC1s, recapitulating the aberrant basaloid state in human IPF. We conclude that transitional AECs induced and were maintained by fibrosis in a K8-dependent manner; in mice, most transitional cells and fibrosis resolved, whereas in human IPF, transitional AECs evolved into an aberrant basaloid state that persisted with progressive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Ting
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent A. Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Douglas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Nisha Patel
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts
| | - Norihito Kaku
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jean Nemzek
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian M. Varisco
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erez Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jasmine A. Wilson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David W.H. Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Diana M. Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, and InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pierre A. Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and
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Integrating Network Pharmacology with Molecular Docking to Unravel the Active Compounds and Potential Mechanism of Simiao Pill Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5786053. [PMID: 33204288 PMCID: PMC7657688 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5786053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the main components and unravel the potential mechanism of simiao pill (SM) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking. Methods Related compounds were obtained from TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM database. Oral bioavailability and drug-likeness were then screened by using absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) criteria. Additionally, target genes related to RA were acquired from GeneCards and OMIM database. Correlations about SM-RA, compounds-targets, and pathways-targets-compounds were visualized through Cytoscape 3.7.1. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed via R packages. Molecular docking analysis was constructed by the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). Results A total of 72 potential compounds and 77 associated targets of SM were identified. The compounds-targets network analysis indicated that the 6 compounds, including quercetin, kaempferol, baicalein, wogonin, beta-sitosterol, and eugenol, were linked to ≥10 target genes, and the 10 target genes (PTGS1, ESR1, AR, PGR, CHRM3, PPARG, CHRM2, BCL2, CASP3, and RELA) were core target genes in the network. Enrichment analysis indicated that PI3K-Akt, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathway may be a critical signaling pathway in the network pharmacology. Molecular docking showed that quercetin, kaempferol, baicalein, and wogonin have good binding activity with IL6, VEGFA, EGFR, and NFKBIA targets. Conclusion The integrative investigation based on bioinformatics/network topology strategy may elaborate on the multicomponent synergy mechanisms of SM against RA and provide the way out to develop new combination medicines for RA.
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Su C, Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Li L, Lu Q, Liu H, Luo X, Zhu J. Effect of electroacupuncture at the ST36 and GB39 acupoints on apoptosis by regulating the p53 signaling pathway in adjuvant arthritis rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4101-4110. [PMID: 31545441 PMCID: PMC6797960 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) serve key regulatory roles in the apoptosis of synovial cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at the 'Zusanli' (ST36) and 'Xuanzhong' (GB39) acupoints on apoptosis in an adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat model. A total of 40 male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into Control, AA, AA + EA and AA + sham EA groups (n=10 rats in each group). Rats in all the groups, with the exception of the control group, were injected with Complete™ Freund's adjuvant into the bilateral hindlimb footpad to establish the AA model. Rats in the AA + EA group were treated with EA at the ST36 and GB39 acupoints. Rats in the AA + sham EA group were treated with percutaneous electrical stimulation at a position of 5 mm away from the ST36 and GB39 acupoints. The arthritis index scores and hindlimb paw volumes of the rats in each group were recorded. Subsequently, pathological changes in the synovial tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the apoptotic rate of the synovial cells was detected by TUNEL staining. In addition, the expression levels of the apoptosis‑associated proteins, Bax, phorbol‑12‑myristate‑13‑acetate‑induced protein 1 (Noxa) and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), were determined by western blot analysis. The expression of both the gene and protein of p53 and MDM2 in synovial tissue was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The results indicated that the arthritis index scores and hindlimb paw volumes upon EA stimulation were significantly decreased compared with those of the AA group (P<0.05). H&E staining revealed that the synovial inflammation of EA stimulation was significantly decreased compared with the AA group (P<0.05). The TUNEL assay results indicated that the apoptotic rate of synovial cells in the AA + EA group was significantly increased compared with that in the AA group (P<0.05). Furthermore, an increased expression of proapoptotic proteins was confirmed by the increased expression levels of Bax, Noxa and PUMA in the AA + EA group. The results of RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that, compared with the AA group, EA stimulation led to a marked increase in p53 (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in MDM2 (P<0.05) gene and protein expression. Taken together, these results demonstrated that EA performed on the ST36 and GB39 acupoints led to a significant amelioration in AA injury of model rats, by regulating the p53 signaling pathway and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengguo Su
- Department of Acupuncture‑Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Department of Acupuncture‑Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Lianbo Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Qunwen Lu
- Department of Acupuncture‑Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Huahui Liu
- Department of Acupuncture‑Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochao Luo
- Department of Acupuncture‑Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Acupuncture‑Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
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Mosquera N, Rodriguez-Trillo A, Mera-Varela A, Gonzalez A, Conde C. Uncovering Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 as a potential target for rheumatoid arthritis synovial hyperplasia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8731. [PMID: 29880835 PMCID: PMC5992205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease including synovitis and synovial hyperplasia that contribute to joint destruction. Pivotal pathogenic mechanisms in this process are the dysregulated proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Unfortunately, the mechanisms of FLS dysregulation are not completely elucidated. Here, we explored a new hypothesis based in the potent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of retinoids in some types of cancer. Specifically, we investigated the role of retinoids and of the retinoic acid binding proteins, CRABP2 and FABP5, on the proliferation and apoptosis of FLS from RA by adding all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or silencing CRABP2 and FABP5. We showed an unconventional behaviour of RA FLS, which were relatively insensitive to ATRA. In effect, ATRA increased the resistance to apoptosis despite the high CRABP2/FABP5 ratio of RA FLS; and CRABP2 suppression sensitized RA FLS to Fas-induced apoptosis. This latter effect was associated with changes in expression of kinases, ASK1 up-regulation and ERK down-regulation, and increased phosphorylation of JNK. In addition, the potentiation of FLS apoptosis by CRABP2 silencing persisted in the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators, TNF e IL1β. Therefore, the results point to CRABP2 as a potential target to decrease synovial hyperplasia in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mosquera
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS. Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Angela Rodriguez-Trillo
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS. Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Antonio Mera-Varela
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS. Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS. Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Carmen Conde
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS. Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.
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Cherdantseva LA, Potapova OV, Sharkova TV, Anikina AM, Kovner AV, Troitskii AV, Shkurupy VA. Cell Death and Development of Fibrotic Alterations in Lung Granuloma of BALB/c Mice during Chronic BCG-Induced Granulomatosis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:48-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tian C, Wang M, Liu S, Ma H, He K, Zhou D, Li Y, Ye X, Li X. A new glycoprotein SPG-8700 isolated from sweet potato with potential anti-cancer activity against colon cancer. Nat Prod Res 2018. [PMID: 29527942 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1446007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new small molecule glycoprotein SPG-8700 with potential anti-colorectal cancer activity was firstly separated by tracking of bioactivity from a new sweet potato variety Zhongshu-1. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer were applied separately to determine the molecular weight and compositions of this glycoprotein. Flow cytometry analysis and western blotting analysis were employed to explore it's mechanism of the anti-colorectal cancer. The molecular weight of glycoprotein was 8703.8D (SPG-8700). Relative sugar and protein contents in SPG-8700 were 73.4 and 26.6%, comprising more than 6 types of sugars (mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a proportion of 1:6.9:7.3:1.5:46:21). Further results indicated that SPG-8700 promoted apoptosis in HCT-116 cells through regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax and had no effect on the growth of normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tian
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Meimei Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Hang Ma
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Kai He
- b Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Deqi Zhou
- c Oncology Department , Chongqing Beibei District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chongqing , China
| | - Yanlin Li
- d International Department , High School Affiliated to Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- b Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xuegang Li
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
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Khalilzadeh B, Shadjou N, Charoudeh HN, Rashidi MR. Recent advances in electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence based determination of the activity of caspase-3. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Khalilzadeh B, Shadjou N, Eskandani M, Charoudeh HN, Omidi Y, Rashidi MR. A reliable self-assembled peptide based electrochemical biosensor for detection of caspase 3 activity and apoptosis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08561f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical self-assembled peptide based biosensor was developed for the detection of caspase 3 activity and apoptosis using a Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD) modified peptide and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as cleaving and electron transfer agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balal Khalilzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanochemistry and Nanotechnology Center
- Urmia University
- Urmia
- Iran
| | - Morteza Eskandani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | | | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy
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XUE LI, LI MING, CHEN TENG, SUN HAIFENG, ZHU JIE, LI XIA, WU FENG, WANG BIAO, LI JUPING, CHEN YANJIONG. PE‑induced apoptosis in SMMC‑7721 cells: involvement of Erk and Stat signalling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:119-29. [PMID: 24821075 PMCID: PMC4072400 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the redistribution of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) across the bilayer of the plasma membrane is an important molecular marker for apoptosis. However, the effect of PE on apoptosis and the underlying mechanism of PE remain unclear. In the current study, MTT and flow cytometric assays were used to examine the effects of PE on apoptosis in SMMC‑7721 cells. The level of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the expression of Bax, Bcl‑2, caspase‑3, phospho‑Erk and phospho‑Stat1/2 in SMMC‑7721 cells that were exposed to PE were also investigated. The results showed that PE inhibited proliferation, caused G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in SMMC‑7721 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Rhodamine 123 staining showed that the treatment of SMMC‑7721 cells with different concentrations of PE for 24 h significantly decreased the level of ΔΨm and exerted dose‑dependent effects. Using immunofluorescence and western blotting, we found that the expression of Bax was upregulated, whereas that of Bcl‑2 was downregulated in PE‑induced apoptotic cells. In addition, these events were accompanied by an increase in caspase‑3 expression in a dose‑dependent manner following PE treatment. PE‑induced apoptosis was accompanied by a decrease in Erk phospho-rylation and by the activation of Stat1/2 phosphorylation in SMMC‑7721 cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that PE‑induced apoptosis is involved in upregulating the Bax/Bcl‑2 protein ratio and decreasing the ΔΨm. Moreover, the results showed that the Erk and Stat1/2 signalling pathways may be involved in the process of PE‑induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- LI XUE
- Forensic Medicine College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - MING LI
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - TENG CHEN
- Forensic Medicine College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - HAIFENG SUN
- Tumour Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - JIE ZHU
- Forensic Medicine College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - XIA LI
- VIP Internal Medicine Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - FENG WU
- Graduate Teaching and Experimental Centre, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - BIAO WANG
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - JUPING LI
- School of Public Security, Northwest University of Politics and Law, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710063, P.R. China
| | - YANJIONG CHEN
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Aloperine induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1613-20. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Igarashi H, Hirano H, Yahagi A, Saika T, Ishihara K. Anti-apoptotic roles for the mutant p53R248Q through suppression of p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 in the RA-derived fibroblast-like synoviocyte cell line MH7A. Clin Immunol 2013; 150:12-21. [PMID: 24316591 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that somatic mutations in the p53 gene accumulated at a higher frequency in AID(activation induced cytidine deaminase)(+) RA-FLS, which may result in the malfunction of p53, causing the tumor-like properties of RA-FLS. Among the p53 mutations identified from 3 sources of AID(+) RA-FLS, we focused on the p53R248Q mutation because it was reported to enhance the invasiveness of lung cancer cells and to have dominant-negative activity for pro-apoptotic molecules. We obtained cDNA encoding the p53R248Q mutant and introduced it into the MH7A RA-FLS cell line. P53R248Q dramatically suppressed the expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule p53AIP1 even under oxidative stress, which normally upregulates p53AIP1, leading to apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of p53AIP1 increased apoptosis, whereas p53AIP1 knockdown rescued the cells from apoptosis. Together, these studies indicate the critical role of p53AIP1 under DNA damaging stresses for cell fate determination in RA-FLS containing the p53R248Q mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Igarashi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Hirano
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Ayano Yahagi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Taro Saika
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors sensitize human non-small cell lung cancer cells to ionizing radiation through acetyl p53-mediated c-myc down-regulation. J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6:1313-9. [PMID: 21642861 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e318220caff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition to their intrinsic anticancer properties, HDACIs modulate cellular responses to ionizing radiation (IR). We examined the molecular mechanism(s) associated with the radiosensitizing effects of HDACIs in human lung cancer cells. METHODS Lung cancer cells were pretreated with the appropriate concentrations of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or trichostatin A. After 2 hours, cells were irradiated with various doses of γ-IR, and then we performed 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, clonogenic assay, and Western blotting to detect cell viability or apoptosis and changes of specific proteins expression levels. RESULTS In this study, we showed that HDACIs (including suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and trichostatin A) and IR synergistically trigger cell death in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell viability and clonogenic survival were markedly decreased in cultures cotreated with HDACIs and IR. Interestingly, p53 acetylation at lysine 382 was significantly increased, and c-myc expression simultaneously down-regulated in cotreated cells. Radiosensitization by HDACIs was inhibited on transfection with small interfering RNA against p53 and c-myc overexpression, supporting the involvement of p53 and c-myc in this process. Furthermore, c-myc down-regulation and apoptotic cell death coinduced by IR and HDACI were suppressed in cells transfected with mutant K382R p53 and C135Y p53 displaying loss of acetylation at lysine 382 and DNA-binding activity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results collectively demonstrate that the degree of radiosensitization by HDACIs is influenced by acetyl p53-mediated c-myc down-regulation.
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Hu W, Shen T, Wang MH. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by methyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate in human colon cancer cells: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 194:48-57. [PMID: 21872580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (MDQ) is a flavonoid glucoside found in several plants that scavenges 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and peroxynitrite, and inhibits the formation of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide during the copper ion-induced oxidation of blood plasma in rats. In this study, MDQ inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner as detected by 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT), trypan blue exclusion, and flow cytometric assays. Western blot analysis showed that apoptosis was dependent on caspase-3 activity. PARP cleavage and the cytosolic release of cytochrome c from mitochondria increased significantly. In addition, these events were accompanied by a collapse in the mitochondrial membrane potential and a decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, the MDQ-induced G(0)/G(1) arrest was correlated with an increase in p27 and a decrease in cyclin D1 and p53. MDQ also inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and ERK; significantly reduced NF-κB; and in general displayed a significant anti-proliferative effect via a cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction in HT-29 cells. These results suggest that MDQ has therapeutic potential against human colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Hu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Hayashi S, Nishiyama T, Miura Y, Fujishiro T, Kanzaki N, Hashimoto S, Matsumoto T, Kurosaka M, Kuroda R. DcR3 induces cell proliferation through MAPK signaling in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:903-10. [PMID: 21420502 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, competitively binds and inhibits the TNF family including Fas-ligand (Fas-L), lymphotoxin-like inducible protein that competes with glycoprotein D for binding herpesvirus entry mediator on T-cells (LIGHT) and TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A). In this study, we investigated the functions of DcR3 on osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. METHODS Expressions of DcR3 in chondrocytes were measured by realtime Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Expression of DcR3 in sera and joint fluids was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chondrocytes were incubated with DcR3-Fc chimera protein (DcR3-Fc) before induction of apoptosis by Fas-L and apoptosis was detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labelling labeling (TUNEL) staining and Western blotting of caspase 8 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Chondrocytes were incubated with DcR3-Fc and the proliferation was analyzed by 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate (WST) assay. Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) in chondrocytes was measured by Western blotting after incubation with DcR3-Fc, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) inhibitor, or P38 MAPK inhibitor. Chondrocytes were treated with DcR3-Fc after pre-incubation with blocking antibody of Fas-L, LIGHT and TL1A, and proliferation or phosphorylation of ERK was analyzed. RESULTS DcR3 was expressed in OA and normal chondrocytes. DcR3-Fc protects chondrocytes from Fas-induced apoptosis. DcR3-Fc increased chondrocytes proliferation and induced the phosphorylation of ERK specifically. DcR3-induced chondrocytes proliferation was inhibited by pre-incubation of PD098059 or blocking Fas-L antibody. DcR3 increased chondrocytes proliferation in OA chondrocytes, but did not in normal. CONCLUSION DcR3 regulates the proliferation of OA chondrocytes via ERK signaling and Fas-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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15
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Dubikov AI, Kalinichenko SG. Small molecules regulating apoptosis in the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2010; 39:368-72. [DOI: 10.3109/03009741003742771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Tan BH, Barry CI, Wick MR, White KP, Brown JG, Lee A, Litchfield AH, Lener EV, Shitabata PK. Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis and urologic carcinomas: a possible paraneoplastic association. J Cutan Pathol 2010; 38:43-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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García S, Liz M, Gómez-Reino JJ, Conde C. Akt activity protects rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts from Fas-induced apoptosis by inhibition of Bid cleavage. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R33. [PMID: 20187936 PMCID: PMC2875667 DOI: 10.1186/ar2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Synovial hyperplasia is a main feature of rheumatoid arthritis pathology that leads to cartilage and bone damage in the inflamed joints. Impaired apoptosis of resident synoviocytes is pivotal in this process. Apoptosis resistance seems to involve defects in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PI3Kinase/Akt and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in the resistance of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast like synovial cells (FLS) to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Methods Apoptosis was assessed by ELISA quantification of nucleosomal release, Hoechst staining and activated caspase-3/7 measure in cultured RA FLS stimulated with anti-Fas antibody. Two Phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein Kinase B (PI3 Kinase) inhibitors, Wortmannine and LY294002, were used before anti-Fas stimulation. Proapoptotic BH3 interacting domain death agonist (Bid) was suppressed in RA FLS by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Bid was overexpressed by transfection with the pDsRed2-Bid vector. Phosphorylated Akt, caspase-9, and Bid expression were analysed by western blot. Results PI3 kinase inhibition sensitizes RA FLS to Fas-induced apoptosis by increasing cleavage of Bid protein. Bid suppression completely abrogated Fas-induced apoptosis and Bid overexpression highly increased apoptotic rate of RA FLS in association with cleavage of caspase-9. Conclusions In RA FLS, phosphorylation of Akt protects against Fas-induced apoptosis through inhibition of Bid cleavage. The connection between the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways are critical in this Fas- mediated apoptosis and points to PI3Kinase as potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel García
- Research Laboratory and Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706-Spain.
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Roberts AM, Watson IR, Evans AJ, Foster DA, Irwin MS, Ohh M. Suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha restores p53 activity via Hdm2 and reverses chemoresistance of renal carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:9056-64. [PMID: 19920202 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p53 mutations are rarely detected in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), but, paradoxically, these tumors remain highly resistant to chemotherapy and death receptor-induced death. Here, we show that the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha (HIF2alpha), a critical oncogenic event in CCRCC following the loss of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein, leads to Hdm2-mediated suppression of p53. Primary CCRCC specimens exhibiting strong hypoxic signatures show increased levels of activated nuclear phospho-Hdm2(Ser(166)), which is concomitant with low p53 expression. The abrogation of Hdm2-p53 interaction using the small-molecule Hdm2 inhibitor nutlin-3 or the downregulation of HIF2alpha via HIF2alpha-specific short hairpin RNA or wild-type VHL reconstitution restores p53 function and reverses the resistance of CCRCC cells to Fas-mediated and chemotherapy-induced cell death. These findings unveil a mechanistic link between HIF2alpha and p53 and provide a rationale for combining Hdm2 antagonists with chemotherapy for the treatment of CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Roberts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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DcR3 protects THP-1 macrophages from apoptosis by increasing integrin α4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:593-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ho L, Stojanovski A, Whetstone H, Wei QX, Mau E, Wunder JS, Alman B. Gli2 and p53 cooperate to regulate IGFBP-3- mediated chondrocyte apoptosis in the progression from benign to malignant cartilage tumors. Cancer Cell 2009; 16:126-36. [PMID: 19647223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that benign cartilage lesions can progress to malignant chondrosarcoma, but the molecular events in this progression are unknown. Mice that develop benign cartilage lesions due to overexpression of Gli2 in chondrocytes developed lesions similar to chondrosarcomas when they were also deficient in p53. Gli2 overexpression and p53 deficiency had opposing effects on chondrocyte differentiation, but had additive effects negatively regulating apoptosis. Regulation of Igfbp3 expression and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling by Gli and p53 integrated their effect on apoptosis. Treatment of human chondrosarcomas or fetal mouse limb explants with IGFBP3 or by blocking IGF increased the apoptosis rate, and mice expressing Gli2 developed substantially fewer tumors when they were also deficient for Igf2. IGF signaling-meditated apoptosis regulates the progression to malignant chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Ho
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Pundt N, Peters MA, Wunrau C, Strietholt S, Fehrmann C, Neugebauer K, Seyfert C, van Valen F, Pap T, Meinecke I. Susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts to FasL- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis is cell cycle-dependent. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R16. [PMID: 19196465 PMCID: PMC2688248 DOI: 10.1186/ar2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium is characterised by the presence of an aggressive population of activated synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) that are prominently involved in the destruction of articular cartilage and bone. Accumulating evidence suggests that RASFs are relatively resistant to Fas-ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis, but the data concerning tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) have been conflicting. Here, we hypothesise that the susceptibility of RASFs to receptor-mediated apoptosis depends on the proliferation status of these cells and therefore analysed the cell cycle dependency of FasL- and TRAIL-induced programmed cell death of RASFs in vitro. Methods Synovial fibroblasts were isolated from patients with RA by enzymatic digestion and cultured under standard conditions. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry and staining with propidium iodide. RASFs were synchronised or arrested in various phases of the cell cycle with 0.5 mM hydroxyurea or 2.5 μg/ml nocodazol and with foetal calf serum-free insulin-transferrin-sodium selenite supplemented medium. Apoptosis was induced by stimulation with 100 ng/ml FasL or 100 ng/ml TRAIL over 18 hours. The apoptotic response was measured using the Apo-ONE® Homogenous Caspase-3/7 Assay (Promega GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and the Cell Death Detection (ELISAPlus) (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Staurosporin-treated cells (1 μg/ml) served as a positive control. Expression of Fas and TRAIL receptors (TRAILR1-4) was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Results Freshly isolated RASFs showed only low proliferation in vitro, and the rate decreased further over time, particularly when RASFs became confluent. RASFs expressed Fas, TRAIL receptor-1, and TRAIL receptor-2, and the expression levels were independent of the cell cycle. However, the proliferation rate significantly influenced the susceptibility to FasL- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Specifically, proliferating RASFs were less sensitive to FasL- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis than RASFs with a decreased proliferation rate. Furthermore, RASFs that were synchronised in S phase or G2/M phase were less sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis than synchronised RASFs in G0/G1 phase. Conclusions Our data indicate that the susceptibility of RASFs to FasL- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis depends on the cell cycle. These results may explain some conflicting data on the ability of RASFs to undergo FasL- and TRAIL-mediated cell death and suggest that strategies to sensitise RASFs to apoptosis may include the targeting of cell cycle-regulating genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Pundt
- Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Domagkstr 3, Muenster 48149, Germany.
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Hase H, Kanno Y, Kojima H, Sakurai D, Kobata T. Coculture of osteoclast precursors with rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts induces osteoclastogenesis via transforming growth factor beta-mediated down-regulation of osteoprotegerin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 58:3356-65. [PMID: 18975335 DOI: 10.1002/art.23971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms of osteoclast maturation and the role of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts in the control of osteoclastogenesis remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the humoral factors that influence osteoclast differentiation resulting from mutual interactions between osteoclast progenitor cells and synovial fibroblasts. METHODS The cloned mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 or isolated human CD14+ monocytes were cocultured with RA or osteoarthritis (OA) synovial fibroblasts in the presence of RANKL. Osteoclasts were visualized by staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and their functions were evaluated by bone resorption assay. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of pSmad2 and Smad7 was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation was observed in cocultures of RAW cells with RA synovial cells, but not with OA synovial cells. This formation was inhibited by TGFbeta receptor kinase inhibitor or neutralizing TGFbeta antibody. Human CD14+ monocytes showed the same results with RAW 264.7, and bone resorption activity was consistent with osteoclast formation. RA synovial fibroblasts produced TGFbeta in response to cell-cell contact with RAW cells in a RANKL-dependent manner. TGFbeta reduced OPG production by RA synovial fibroblasts, but dose-dependently increased OPG secretion in OA synovial fibroblasts. TGFbeta decreased the expression of pSmad2 and increased the expression of Smad7 in RA synovial fibroblasts, but not OA synovial fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Suppression of OPG production by down-regulation of TGFbeta/Smad2 signaling may contribute to RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis from RA synovial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Hase
- Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
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Chen XY, Li J, Cheng WM, Jiang H, Xie XF, Hu R. Effect of total flavonoids of Chrysanthemum indicum on the apoptosis of synoviocytes in joint of adjuvant arthritis rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 36:695-704. [PMID: 18711767 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08006168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum is a traditional Chinese medicine used in China to treat inflammatory diseases. The total flavonoids Chrysanthemum indicum (TFC) were extracted from the dried bud of Chrysanthemum indicum. Our previous study had demonstrated that TFC was a new class of effective anti-inflammation, analgesia and immunoloregulation agents. In this study, we established an adjuvant arthritis (AA) model by injection of Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) to investigate the effect of TFC on the apoptosis of synoviocytes in AA Rats. Synoviocytes isolated from knee joint of rats were treated with different doses of TFC in vitro. Synoviocytes proliferation was measured by MTT assay, and DNA fragmentations were evaluated on agarose gel electrophoresis. The levels of caspase-3 cleaved fragments were analyzed by Western blot. The annexin V stain assay was used to explore the inhibition of caspase-3 on the amelioration of synoviocytes apoptosis. The results showed that TFC inhibited the proliferation of synoviocytes. Electrophoresis showed higher ladders of DNA bands in the TFC group. Cleaved fragments of caspase-3 were increased significantly. Furthermore, the apoptotic synoviocytes were markedly decreased by the caspase-3 specific inhibitor. These results suggest that TFC could induce synoviocytes apoptosis and suppress proliferation of synoviocytes in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Huang XY, Chen FH, Li J, Xia LJ, Liu YJ, Zhang XM, Yuan FL. Mechanism of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Apoptosis Induced by Recombinant Human Endostatin in Rats with Adjuvant Arthritis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:1029-37. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Targeting human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase to mitochondria protects cells from 2-methoxyestradiol-induced-mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Oncogene 2008; 27:3710-20. [PMID: 18246124 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous estrogen metabolite of 17beta-estradiol, is known to induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through several mechanisms. We sought to study the effect of mitochondrialy targeted hOGG1 (MTS-hOGG1) on HeLa cells exposed to 2-ME. MTS-hOGG1-expressing cells exposed to 2-ME showed increased cellular survival and had significantly less G(2)/M cell cycle arrest compared to vector-only-transfected cells. In addition, 2-ME exposure resulted in an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential, increased apoptosis, accompanied by higher activation of caspase-3, -9, cleavage of Bid to tBid and protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in HeLa cells lacking MTS-hOGG1. Fas inhibitors cerulenin or C75 inhibited 2-ME-induced caspase activation, PARP cleavage, apoptosis and reversed mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, thereby recapitulating the increased expression of MTS-hOGG1. Hence, MTS-hOGG1 plays an important protective role against 2-ME-mediated mitochondrial damage by blocking apoptosis induced through the Fas pathway.
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Silva PMDS, Tanabe E, Hermoso APM, Bersani-Amado CA, Bracht A, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Salgueiro-Pagadigorria CL. Changes in calcium-dependent membrane permeability properties in mitochondria of livers from arthritic rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2008; 26:443-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hayashi S, Miura Y, Nishiyama T, Mitani M, Tateishi K, Sakai Y, Hashiramoto A, Kurosaka M, Shiozawa S, Doita M. Decoy receptor 3 expressed in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts protects the cells against Fas-induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1067-75. [PMID: 17393415 DOI: 10.1002/art.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a newly identified member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is a soluble receptor that binds to members of the TNF family, including FasL, LIGHT, and TNF-like molecule 1A. DcR3 is mostly expressed in tumor cells, and it competitively inhibits binding of TNF to TNFRs. The present study was undertaken to investigate DcR3 expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), and to analyze the effects of DcR3 on Fas-induced apoptosis in RA FLS. METHODS Expression of DcR3 in FLS was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. FLS were incubated with DcR3-Fc chimera protein or transfected with DcR3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) using the lipofection method, before induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis induced by Fas in FLS was detected with TUNEL staining and Western blotting of caspase 8 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Finally, FLS were incubated with TNFalpha prior to Fas-induced apoptosis, expression of DcR3 was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, and apoptosis was measured. RESULTS DcR3 was expressed in both RA FLS and OA FLS. DcR3-Fc protein inhibited Fas-induced apoptosis in FLS. Down-regulation of DcR3 in FLS by siRNA increased Fas-induced apoptosis. TNFalpha increased DcR3 expression and inhibited Fas-induced apoptosis in RA FLS, but not in OA FLS. CONCLUSION DcR3 expressed in RA FLS is increased by TNFalpha and protects the cells against Fas-induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that DcR3 may be a possible therapeutic target in RA.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation
- Fas Ligand Protein/pharmacology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Immunotoxins/pharmacology
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b/pharmacology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Synovial Membrane/drug effects
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hayashi
- Division of Orthopedic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Hung HC, Lin CY, Liao YF, Hsu PC, Tsay GJ, Liu GY. The functional haplotype of peptidylarginine deiminase IV (S55G, A82V and A112G) associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis dominates apoptosis of acute T leukemia Jurkat cells. Apoptosis 2007; 12:475-87. [PMID: 17216583 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PADI4) posttranslationally converts peptidylarginine to citrulline. It plays an essential role in immune cell differentiation and apoptosis. A haplotype of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PADI4 is functionally relevant as a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) gene. It could increase enzyme activity leading to raised levels of citrullinated protein and stimulating autoantibody. Previously, our study showed that inducible PADI4 causes haematopoietic cell death. Herein, we further investigate whether RA risk PADI4 haplotype (SNP PADI4; S55G, A82V and A112G) and the increase of its enzymatic activity induce apoptosis. In the tetracycline (Tet)-On Jurkat T cells, ionomycin (Ion) only treatment didn't induce apoptosis however it promoted inducible PADI4-decreased cell viability and -enhanced apoptosis. Through in vitro and in vivo PADI enzyme activity assay, we demonstrated that PADI4 enzyme activity of SNP PADI4 was higher than RA non-risk PADI4 haplotype (WT PADI4). The effect of SNP PADI4-induced apoptosis was superior to WT PADI4. In addition, both Ion and SNP PADI4 synergistically provoked apoptosis were compared with both Ion and WT PADI4. Concurrently, in the conditionally inducible SNP PADI4 cells of Ion treatment-induced apoptosis, not only the expression of Bcl-xL was down-regulated and Bax up-regulated, but also cytochrome c was released from mitochondria to cytoplasm in significant amounts. Western blotting data showed the increase in apoptosomal caspase activation during programmed cell death in the inducible SNP PADI4 cells subsequent to Ion treatment. These data demonstrated that both SNP PADI4 increasing their enzyme activity could enhance apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and further provide a conceivable explanation in the pathogenesis of RA following the upregulation of PADI4 activity in its SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Kontny E, Chorazy-Massalska M, Rudnicka W, Marcinkiewicz J, Maśliński W. Cytotoxicity of taurine metabolites depends on the cell type. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 583:157-71. [PMID: 17153599 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-33504-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report that the effect of Tau-Cl on the cell fate strongly depends on the cellular context. In leukemic Jurkat cells Tau-Cl (> 200 microM) triggers mitochondrial, p53-independent apoptosis and amplifies PCD induced by anti-Fas treatment. In contrast, Tau-Cl affects RA FLS in a dose-dependent manner. At the noncytotoxic (200-400 microM) concentrations it induces: (i) p53-dependent growth arrest (Kontny et al., 2005), and (ii) Bax translocation and caspase 9 activity. Although the last events are characteristic for apoptotic state, there is not execution of RA FLS apoptosis, probably due to simultaneous inhibition of caspase 3 activity and prevention of PARP degradation. The last two events suggest an excessive ATP deprivation in Tau-Cl-treated RA FLS. At sufficiently high concentrations (> or = 500 microM) Tau-Cl causes therefore necrosis of these cells. Altogether our results suggest that Tau-Cl is able to eliminate the cells with both functional (RA FLS) and mutated (Jurkat) p53 tumor suppressor. This observation is clinically relevant because Tau-Cl is used in many animal inflammatory models and its sodium salt (used in this study) has been introduced to human therapy (Gottardi and Nagl, 2002; Teuchner et al., 2005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kontny
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zulet MA, Marti A, Parra MD, Martínez JA. Inflammation and conjugated linoleic acid: mechanisms of action and implications for human health. J Physiol Biochem 2006; 61:483-94. [PMID: 16440602 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Data from a number of studies and trials have shown that different conjugated linoleic acids (CLA's) may produce beneficial effects on cancer, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and changes in body composition. Despite the increasing knowledge about CLA's implications on health, the mechanism of action of these fatty acids is not completely understood. Moreover, human studies indicate that some of these beneficial effects are considerably less evident than anticipated from mice studies, while the efficacy and safety of dietary supplements containing CLA have been questioned in some intervention trials. Recently, it has been suggested that the anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherosclerosis effects of CLA's stem from its anti-inflammatory properties. Because inflammatory responses are associated with the pathophysiology of many diseases, including obesity and the metabolic syndrome, the investigation in this area is of growing interest in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zulet
- Departamento de Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Dubikov AI, Belogolovykh LA, Medved' EE. Apoptosis as a mechanism of autoimmune inflammation in human knee joint. Bull Exp Biol Med 2005; 138:568-70. [PMID: 16134816 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-005-0129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis in the cartilage and synovial membrane of the knee joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied using the immunocytochemical TUNEL method. The degree of apoptosis correlated with the duration of inflammation. The process predominated in the chondroblast population, lymphocytic infiltration, and synovial membrane fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Dubikov
- Department of Histology, Vladivostok State Medical University.
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Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and/or persistence of synoviocytes and inflammatory cells has long been described in inflammatory arthritis conditions, but only relatively recently has substantial attention been drawn to the relevance of abnormal apoptotic processes in disease pathogenesis and treatment. This review summarizes a current understanding of the Fas (CD95)-Fas ligand (CD178) apoptotic system, which has most predominantly been examined in rheumatoid arthritis. There, synovial inflammation is often characterized by a unique resistance to Fas-related apoptosis, and agonistic therapeutic interventions upon Fas have consistently been found beneficial in both animal and human disease models. Therefore, modulation of the Fas pathway will hopefully be of both pathogenic and therapeutic interest in the study of inflammatory arthritis conditions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Peng
- Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Transplantation Research, Roche Palo Alto, CA 94025, USA.
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Kim WH, Lee JW, Suh YH, Hong SH, Choi JS, Lim JH, Song JH, Gao B, Jung MH. Exposure to chronic high glucose induces beta-cell apoptosis through decreased interaction of glucokinase with mitochondria: downregulation of glucokinase in pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes 2005; 54:2602-11. [PMID: 16123348 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.9.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is toxic to pancreatic beta-cells, impairing cellular functioning as observed in type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanism underlying beta-cell dysfunction and the resulting apoptosis via glucose toxicity are not fully characterized. Here, using MIN6N8 cells, a mouse pancreatic beta-cell line, we show that chronic exposure to high glucose increases cell death mediated by Bax oligomerization, cytochrome C release, and caspase-3 activation. During apoptosis, glucokinase (GCK) expression decreases in high-glucose-treated cells, concomitant with a decrease in cellular ATP production and insulin secretion. Moreover, exposure to a chronically high dose of glucose decreases interactions between GCK and mitochondria with an increase in Bax binding to mitochondria and cytochrome C release. These events are prevented by GCK overexpression, and phosphorylation of proapoptotic Bad proteins in GCK-overexpressing cells is prolonged compared with Neo-transfected cells. Similar results are obtained using primary islet cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that beta-cell apoptosis from exposure to chronic high glucose occurs in relation to lowered GCK expression and reduced association with mitochondria. Our results show that this may be one mechanism by which glucose is toxic to beta-cells and suggests a novel approach to prevent and treat diabetes by manipulating Bax- and GCK-controlled signaling to promote apoptosis or proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Metabolic Disease, Department of Biomedical Science, National Institutes of Health, #5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul 122-701, South Korea
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Palao G, Santiago B, Galindo M, Payá M, Ramirez JC, Pablos JL. Down-regulation of FLIP sensitizes rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts to Fas-mediated apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:2803-10. [PMID: 15457448 DOI: 10.1002/art.20453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperplasia of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) contributes to chronic inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) is an antiapoptotic protein that might prevent apoptotic elimination of FLS in response to death ligands such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) or Fas ligand, which are present in RA synovium. Previous studies on FLIP expression by osteoarthritis (OA) and RA FLS have shown variable results, and the specific role of FLIP as an apoptosis inhibitor in these cells remains unclear. We undertook this study to investigate the expression and antiapoptotic function of FLIP in FLS. METHODS We studied the expression of FLIP by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in synovial tissues or cultured FLS from RA and OA patients. FLS apoptosis was induced by an agonistic anti-Fas monoclonal antibody and FLS were then quantified. We studied the effects of cycloheximide (CHX), TNFalpha, and FLIP antisense oligonucleotide on FLIP expression and FLS apoptotic susceptibility. RESULTS FLIP(L) was the isoform mainly expressed in lining synoviocytes and cultured FLS. Synovial tissues and cultured FLS from OA and RA tissues displayed similar patterns and levels of expression of FLIP. Fas-induced apoptosis was variable in different FLS lines, but differences between OA and RA groups were not detected. TNFalpha induced increases in FLIP(L) and FLIP(S) expression and protected RA FLS from apoptosis, while CHX induced the opposite effects. Down-regulation of FLIP by antisense oligonucleotide strongly sensitized RA FLS to Fas-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSION Apoptosis susceptibility and FLIP expression are similar in OA and RA FLS. Down-regulation of FLIP sensitizes RA FLS to Fas-mediated apoptosis and may be a valuable tool for targeting RA FLS hyperplasia.
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Liagre B, Vergne-Salle P, Corbiere C, Charissoux JL, Beneytout JL. Diosgenin, a plant steroid, induces apoptosis in human rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes with cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression. Arthritis Res Ther 2004; 6:R373-83. [PMID: 15225373 PMCID: PMC464911 DOI: 10.1186/ar1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have shown for the first time that a plant steroid, diosgenin, causes an inhibition of the growth of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human rheumatoid arthritis, with apoptosis induction associated with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) up-regulation. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, provoked a large decrease in diosgenin-induced apoptosis even in the presence of exogenous prostaglandin E2, whereas interleukin-1β, a COX-2 inducer, strongly increased diosgenin-induced apoptosis of these synoviocytes. These findings suggest that the proapoptotic effect of diosgenin is associated with overexpression of COX-2 correlated with overproduction of endogenous prostaglandin E2. We also observed a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation after diosgenin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, UPRES EA 1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
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