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Leung YY, Tillett W, Hojgaard P, Orbai AM, Holland R, Mathew AJ, Goel N, Chau J, Lindsay C, Ogdie A, Coates LC, Christensen R, Mease PJ, Strand V, Gladman DD. Test-retest Reliability for HAQ-DI and SF-36 PF for the Measurement of Physical Function in Psoriatic Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:1547-1551. [PMID: 33858982 PMCID: PMC8487911 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.210175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to no existing data, we aimed to derive evidence to support test-retest reliability for the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and 36-item Short Form Health Survey physical functioning domain (SF-36 PF) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS We identified datasets that collected relevant data for test-retest reliability for HAQ-DI and SF-36 PF, and evaluated them using Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 methodology. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) as a measure of test-retest reliability. We then conducted a quality assessment and evaluated the adequacy of test-retest reliability performance. RESULTS Two datasets were identified for HAQ-DI and 1 for SF-36 PF in PsA. The quality of the datasets was good. The ICCs for HAQ-DI were good and excellent in study 1 (0.90, 95% CI 0.79-0.95) and study 2 (0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.97). The ICC for SF-36 PF was excellent (0.96, 95% CI 0.92-0.98). The performance of test-retest reliability for both instruments was judged to be adequate. CONCLUSION The new data derived support good and reasonable test-retest reliability for HAQ-DI and SF-36 PF in PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Leung
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - William Tillett
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Pil Hojgaard
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Ana-Maria Orbai
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Richard Holland
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Ashish J Mathew
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Niti Goel
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Jeffrey Chau
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Chris Lindsay
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Alexis Ogdie
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Laura C Coates
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Robin Christensen
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Philip J Mease
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Vibeke Strand
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- YYL is funded by the Clinician Scientist award of the National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA-INV/0022/2017). AMO is funded by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation Scholar Award, the Staurulakis Family Discovery Award, the Rheumatology Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Rheumatic Diseases Resource-based Core Center (P30-AR053503 Cores A and D, and P30-AR070254, Cores A and B). PH and RC (The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital) are supported by a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-774-OFIL). LCC is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist award, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). AO is funded by NIH/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR072363). WT is supported by the NIHR, Programme Grants for Applied Research (Early detection to improve outcome in patients with undiagnosed PsA [PROMPT], RP-PG-1212-20007). All statements in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Y.Y. Leung, MB ChB, MD, Singapore General Hospital, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; W. Tillett, BSc, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath, UK; P. Hojgaard, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, and Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.M. Orbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; R. Holland, MBBS, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia; A.J. Mathew, MBBS, DNB, DM, The Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; N. Goel, MD, Patient Research Partner, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; J. Chau, BA, MCS, Patient Research Partner, Hong Kong; C.A. Lindsay, PharmD, Patient Research Partner, employed by Aurinia Pharma US Inc., Prosper, Texas, USA; A. Ogdie, MD, MSCE, Medicine and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; L.C. Coates, MB ChB, PhD, National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; R. Christensen, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; P.J. Mease, MD, Rheumatology Research, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; V. Strand, MD, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Medicine, University of Toronto, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Y.Y. Leung, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. . Accepted for publication April 6, 2021
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