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Cunha A, Perazzio S. Effects of immune exhaustion and senescence of innate immunity in autoimmune disorders. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13225. [PMID: 38896644 PMCID: PMC11186593 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immune system activation is crucial in the inflammatory response, but uncontrolled activation can lead to autoimmune diseases. Cellular exhaustion and senescence are two processes that contribute to innate immune tolerance breakdown. Exhausted immune cells are unable to respond adequately to specific antigens or stimuli, while senescent cells have impaired DNA replication and metabolic changes. These processes can impair immune system function and disrupt homeostasis, leading to the emergence of autoimmunity. However, the influence of innate immune exhaustion and senescence on autoimmune disorders is not well understood. This review aims to describe the current findings on the role of innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity, focusing on the cellular and molecular changes involved in each process. Specifically, the article explores the markers and pathways associated with immune exhaustion, such as PD-1 and TIM-3, and senescence, including Β-galactosidase (β-GAL), lamin B1, and p16ink4a, and their impact on autoimmune diseases, namely type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and immune-mediated myopathies. Understanding the mechanisms underlying innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity may provide insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.L.S. Cunha
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S.F. Perazzio
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Divisão de Imunologia, Laboratório Fleury, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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2
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Ku D, Yang Y, Park Y, Jang D, Lee N, Lee YK, Lee K, Lee J, Han YB, Jang S, Choi SR, Ha YJ, Choi YS, Jeong WJ, Lee YJ, Lee KJ, Cha S, Kim Y. SLIRP promotes autoimmune diseases by amplifying antiviral signaling via positive feedback regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587146. [PMID: 38915695 PMCID: PMC11195051 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal innate immune response is a prominent feature underlying autoimmune diseases. One emerging factor that can trigger dysregulated immune activation is cytosolic mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs). However, the mechanism by which mt-dsRNAs stimulate immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we discover SRA stem-loop interacting RNA binding protein (SLIRP) as a key amplifier of mt-dsRNA-triggered antiviral signals. In autoimmune diseases, SLIRP is commonly upregulated, and targeted knockdown of SLIRP dampens the interferon response. We find that the activation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) by exogenous dsRNAs upregulates SLIRP, which then stabilizes mt-dsRNAs and promotes their cytosolic release to activate MDA5 further, augmenting the interferon response. Furthermore, the downregulation of SLIRP partially rescues the abnormal interferon-stimulated gene expression in autoimmune patients' primary cells and makes cells vulnerable to certain viral infections. Our study unveils SLIRP as a pivotal mediator of interferon response through positive feedback amplification of antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeong Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngran Park
- Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesong Jang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Namseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-ki Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonyong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseon Lee
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Bi Han
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Jang
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Rim Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury (KIB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wang Q, Ma J, Gong Y, Zhu L, Tang H, Ye X, Su G, Huang F, Tan S, Zuo X, Gao Y, Yang P. Sex-specific circulating unconventional neutrophils determine immunological outcome of auto-inflammatory Behçet's uveitis. Cell Discov 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38704363 PMCID: PMC11069589 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells that first respond to insults in circulation. Although associative evidence suggests that differences in neutrophils may be linked to the sex-specific vulnerability of inflammatory diseases, mechanistic links remain elusive. Here, we identified extensive sex-specific heterogeneity in neutrophil composition under normal and auto-inflammatory conditions at single-cell resolution. Using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, neutrophil-specific genetic knockouts and transfer experiments, we discovered dysregulation of two unconventional (interferon-α responsive and T cell regulatory) neutrophil subsets leading to male-biased incidence, severity and poor prognosis of auto-inflammatory Behçet's uveitis. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exosome study revealed that male-specific negative effects of both genetic factors and circulating exosomes on unconventional neutrophil subsets contributed to male-specific vulnerability to disease. Collectively, our findings identify sex-specifically distinct neutrophil subsets and highlight unconventional neutrophil subsets as sex-specific therapeutic targets to limit inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxing Gong
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lifu Zhu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanyu Tang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingsheng Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanfan Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyao Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, and No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Velcicky J, Janser P, Gommermann N, Brenneisen S, Ilic S, Vangrevelinghe E, Stiefl N, Boettcher A, Arnold C, Malinverni C, Dawson J, Murgasova R, Desrayaud S, Beltz K, Hinniger A, Dekker C, Farady CJ, Mackay A. Discovery of Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Tricyclic NLRP3 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1544-1562. [PMID: 38175811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
NLRP3 is a molecular sensor recognizing a wide range of danger signals. Its activation leads to the assembly of an inflammasome that allows for activation of caspase-1 and subsequent maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, as well as cleavage of Gasdermin-d and pyroptotic cell death. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in a plethora of diseases including gout, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. In this publication, we describe the discovery of a novel, tricyclic, NLRP3-binding scaffold by high-throughput screening. The hit (1) could be optimized into an advanced compound NP3-562 demonstrating excellent potency in human whole blood and full inhibition of IL-1β release in a mouse acute peritonitis model at 30 mg/kg po dose. An X-ray structure of NP3-562 bound to the NLRP3 NACHT domain revealed a unique binding mode as compared to the known sulfonylurea-based inhibitors. In addition, NP3-562 shows also a good overall development profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Velcicky
- Novartis Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Janser
- Novartis Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Slavica Ilic
- Novartis Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Janet Dawson
- Novartis Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Karen Beltz
- Novartis Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Carien Dekker
- Novartis Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Angela Mackay
- Novartis Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Luz IS, Takaya R, Ribeiro DG, Castro MS, Fontes W. Proteomics: Unraveling the Cross Talk Between Innate Immunity and Disease Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Treatment Options. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:221-242. [PMID: 38409424 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is crucial in diseases, and proteins play a key role in the interplay between innate immunity and pathology. This review explores how proteomics helps understanding this relationship, focusing on diagnosis and treatment. We explore the dynamic innate response and the significance of proteomic techniques in deciphering the complex network of proteins involved in prevalent diseases, including infections, cancer, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. Proteomics identifies key proteins in host-pathogen interactions, shedding light on infection mechanisms and inflammation. These discoveries hold promise for diagnostic tools, therapies, and vaccines. In cancer research, proteomics reveals innate signatures associated with tumor development, immune evasion, and therapeutic response. Additionally, proteomic analysis has unveiled autoantigens and dysregulation of the innate immune system in autoimmunity, offering opportunities for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and new therapeutic targets. Moreover, proteomic analysis has identified altered protein expression patterns in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies. Proteomics of the innate immune system provides a comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms, identifies biomarkers, and enables effective interventions in various diseases. Despite still in its early stages, this approach holds great promise to revolutionize innate immunity research and significantly improve patient outcomes across a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Souza Luz
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Raquel Takaya
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Daiane Gonzaga Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
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Xue L, Wang B, Zhu J, He Q, Huang F, Wang W, Tao L, Wang Y, Xu N, Yang N, Jin L, Zhang H, Gao N, Lei K, Zhang Y, Xiong C, Lei J, Zhang T, Geng Y, Li M. Profiling of differentially expressed circRNAs and functional prediction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Med 2023; 55:175-189. [PMID: 36661308 PMCID: PMC9870011 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2156596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with an increased risk of death, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been implicated in various biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the key circRNAs related to RA. METHODS A microarray assay was used to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA compared to patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls. Then, quantitative real-time PCR was applied to verify the DEcircRNAs, and correlations between the levels of DEcircRNAs and laboratory indices were analysed. We also performed extensive bioinformatic analyses including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway and potential circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network analyses to predict the function of these DEcircRNAs. RESULTS A total of 35,342 and 6146 DEcircRNAs were detected in RA patients compared to controls and OA patients, respectively. Nine out of the DEcircRNAs in RA were validated by real-time PCR. There were correlations between the levels of DEcircRNAs and some of the laboratory indices. GO analyses revealed that these DEcircRNAs in RA were closely related to cellular protein metabolic processes, gene expression, the immune system, cell cycle, posttranslational protein modification and collagen formation. Functional annotation of host genes of these DEcircRNAs was implicated in several significantly enriched pathways, including metabolic pathways, ECM-receptor interaction, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, the AMPK signalling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, platelet activation and the cAMP signalling pathway, which might be responsible for the pathophysiology of RA. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study may help to elucidate the role of circRNAs in the specific mechanism underlying RA.Key messagesMicroarray assays showed that a total of 35,342 and 6146 DEcircRNAs were detected in RA patients compared to controls and OA patients, respectively.Nine out of the DEcircRNAs in RA were validated by real-time PCR, and the levels of the DEcircRNAs were related to some of the laboratory indices.GO analyses revealed that the DEcircRNAs in RA were closely related to cellular protein metabolic processes, gene expression, the immune system, etc.Functional annotation of host genes of the DEcircRNAs in RA was implicated in several significantly enriched pathways, including metabolic pathways, ECM-receptor interaction, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Endemic Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Endemic Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaoliang Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Treasure K, Harris J, Williamson G. Exploring the anti-inflammatory activity of sulforaphane. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:805-828. [PMID: 37650498 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of innate immune responses can result in chronic inflammatory conditions. Glucocorticoids, the current frontline therapy, are effective immunosuppressive drugs but come with a trade-off of cumulative and serious side effects. Therefore, alternative drug options with improved safety profiles are urgently needed. Sulforaphane, a phytochemical derived from plants of the brassica family, is a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes via nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests additional diverse anti-inflammatory properties of sulforaphane through interactions with mediators of key signaling pathways and inflammatory cytokines. Multiple studies support a role for sulforaphane as a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and subsequent cytokine release, inflammasome activation and direct regulation of the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Significantly, studies have also highlighted potential steroid-sparing activity for sulforaphane, suggesting that it may have potential as an adjunctive therapy for some inflammatory conditions. This review discusses published research on sulforaphane, including proposed mechanisms of action, and poses questions for future studies that might help progress our understanding of the potential clinical applications of this intriguing molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Treasure
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James Harris
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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8
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Sisto M, Lisi S. Immune and Non-Immune Inflammatory Cells Involved in Autoimmune Fibrosis: New Discoveries. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113801. [PMID: 37297996 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an important health problem and its pathogenetic activation is still largely unknown. It can develop either spontaneously or, more frequently, as a consequence of various underlying diseases, such as chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Fibrotic tissue is always characterized by mononuclear immune cells infiltration. The cytokine profile of these cells shows clear proinflammatory and profibrotic characteristics. Furthermore, the production of inflammatory mediators by non-immune cells, in response to several stimuli, can be involved in the fibrotic process. It is now established that defects in the abilities of non-immune cells to mediate immune regulation may be involved in the pathogenicity of a series of inflammatory diseases. The convergence of several, not yet well identified, factors results in the aberrant activation of non-immune cells, such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, that, by producing pro-inflammatory molecules, exacerbate the inflammatory condition leading to the excessive and chaotic secretion of extracellular matrix proteins. However, the precise cellular mechanisms involved in this process have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we explore the latest discoveries on the mechanisms that initiate and perpetuate the vicious circle of abnormal communications between immune and non-immune cells, responsible for fibrotic evolution of inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lisi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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9
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Zhou F, Lu Y, Sun T, Sun L, Wang B, Lu J, Li Z, Zhu B, Huang S, Ding Z. Antitumor effects of polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg via regulation of intestinal flora and enhancing immunomodulatory effects in vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009530. [PMID: 36389762 PMCID: PMC9650377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with high medicinal value, and antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities. However, while several studies have focused on flavonoids in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum tubers, there are few studies on the enhanced immune effect of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharides (THP). In this study, we evaluated the antitumor effect of THP in a lung tumor model and explored the mechanism of antitumor activity through intestinal flora. In addition, a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression model was used to declare the immunomodulatory effect of THP in the immunosuppressive state induced by antitumor drugs. The results showed that THP increased the content of ileum secreted immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and cecum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and improved microbial community diversity, regulating the relative abundance of dominant microbiota flora from the phylum level to the genus level, and recovering the intestinal microflora disorder caused by tumors. Additionally, THP can increase the organ indices and improve immune organ atrophy. THP can upregulate routine blood counts and stimulate the production of the serum cytokines. THP also promoted the macrophage phagocytic index, NK-cell activation, and complement and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) levels. The detection of Splenic lymphocyte proliferation and T lymphocyte subsets also sideways reflects that THP can restore CTX-induced immune inhibition in mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that THP can effectively achieve the enhanced antitumor effects, regulate gut microbiota and improve the immunosuppression induced by antitumor drugs. Therefore, THP can enhance the immune capacity and provide novel immunomodulatory and antineoplastic adjuvant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bixu Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Information Technology Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigao Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi an, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Guarneri F, Belloni Fortina A, Corazza M, Cristaudo A, Foti C, Parodi A, Pigatto P, Stingeni L, DE Pità O. Topical non-pharmacological treatment of eczema: an Italian consensus. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2022; 157:402-413. [PMID: 36213968 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.22.07283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eczematous diseases (contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hand eczema) are among the most frequent findings in dermatological clinical practice. A large body of evidence exists on structural and functional skin barrier damage in eczematous diseases, and on the importance of interventions aimed to repair such damage. While there is substantial agreement on pharmacological treatment, more sparse data are available on role, indications and usefulness of topical non-pharmacological treatments, despite significant research and progress in the composition and technology of emollients, cleansers and barrier creams significantly changed and expanded the functional activities of these products. This often leads to inadequate prescription and/or use, which increase individual and social costs of the disease and make the products useless or, in some cases, even counterproductive. This consensus document, discussed and compiled in a series of meetings by a group of Italian dermatologists experienced in the field of eczematous diseases, summarizes epidemiology and clinical features of the nosological entities of the "eczema family", illustrates the chemical/biochemical structure of emollients, cleansers and barrier creams, and aims to help physicians to exploit the full potential of available products, by providing a detailed but practical guide on characteristics, indications and correct use of non-pharmacological treatments currently available for eczematous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Guarneri
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy -
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Foti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pigatto
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgical and Odontoiatric Biomedical Sciences, Galeazzi IRCCS Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Stingeni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ornella DE Pità
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Inflammatory and Autoimmune Skin Diseases, Cristo Re Hospital, Rome, Italy
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11
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Mobasheri L, Nasirpour MH, Masoumi E, Azarnaminy AF, Jafari M, Esmaeili SA. SARS-CoV-2 triggering autoimmune diseases. Cytokine 2022; 154:155873. [PMID: 35461172 PMCID: PMC8979824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity, hyperstimulation of the immune system, can be caused by a variety of reasons. Viruses are thought to be important environmental elements that contribute to the development of autoimmune antibodies. It seems that viruses cause autoimmunity with mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, bystander activation of T cells, transient immunosuppression, and inflammation, which has also been seen in post-Covid-19 autoimmunity. Infection of respiratory epithelium by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dysregulates the immune response, triggers both innate and acquired immunity that led to the immune system's hyperactivation, excessive cytokine secretion known as “cytokine storm,” and finally acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with high mortality. Any factor in the body that triggers chronic inflammation can contribute to autoimmune disease, which has been documented during the Covid-19 pandemic. It has been observed that some patients produce autoantibody and autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, leading to the loss of self-tolerance. However, there is a scarcity of evidence defining the precise molecular interaction between the virus and the immune system to elicit autoreactivity. Here, we present a review of the relevant immunological findings in Covid-19 and the current reports of autoimmune disease associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mobasheri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasirpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Mozhdeh Jafari
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency and Elevated Inflammatory Biomarkers Are Prevalent in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050774. [PMID: 35269395 PMCID: PMC8909348 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) patients have platelet delta granule storage pool deficiency (δ-SPD). The etiology of POTS is unknown but a number of laboratories, including ours, have reported elevations of G-protein-coupled adrenergic receptor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies in POTS patients, detected by a variety of techniques, suggesting that the disorder is an autoimmune condition. Thus, it could also be considered an inflammatory disease. In a pilot study, we investigated a limited number of platelet-related cytokines and chemokines and discovered many that were elevated. This case−control study validates our pilot study results that POTS patients have an activated innate immune system. Plasma of 35 POTS patients and 35 patients with unexplained bleeding symptoms and categorized as “non-POTS” subjects was analyzed by multiplex flow cytometry to quantify 16 different innate immune system cytokines and chemokines. Electron microscopy was used to quantify platelet dense granules. Ten of 16 biomarkers of inflammation were elevated in plasma from POTS patients compared to non-POTS subjects, with most of the differences extremely significant, with p values < 0.0001. Of particular interest were elevations of IL-1β and IL-18 and decreased or normal levels of type 1 interferons in POTS patients, suggesting that the etiology of POTS might be autoinflammatory. All POTS patients had δ-SPD. With a growing body of evidence that POTS is an autoimmune disease and having elevations of the innate immune system, our results suggest a potential T-cell-mediated autoimmunity in POTS characteristic of a mixed-pattern inflammatory disease similar to rheumatoid arthritis.
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13
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Zhu T, Xu L, Peng J, Chen M, Xu H. Molecular characteristics and immune function of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L3 in Macrobrachium nipponense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:295-304. [PMID: 35032678 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L3 (UCHL3) is a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in the repair mechanism of homologous recombinations of DNA double strand breaks (DBS). However, the role of UCHL3 in crustacean immune regulation has not been studied. In this experiment, we cloned and analyzed the expression profile of the UCHL3 gene from Macrobrachium nipponense (MnUCHL3). The obtained full-length cDNA of the MnUCHL3 transcript was 1192 bp, and it had a 687 bp open reading frame encoding a 228 amino acid protein, and the structure of UCHL3 is highly similar to that of other invertebrates. Real-time PCR results indicated that MnUCHL3 was expressed in all detected tissues, with the highest expression levels in the hepatopancreas, and the expression of MnUCHL3 in the gill and hepatopancreas was downregulated to different degrees within 48 h after the infection of viruses and bacteria. Furthermore, knockdown of MnUCHL3 expression by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection in Aeromonas hydrophila-infected prawns increased prawn mortality and bacterial growth. In addition, overexpression of MnUCHL3 in HEK293T cells in vitro suggested that MnUCHL3 could activate the NF-κB signal path and the expression levels of NF-κB signaling cascade members and AMPs, exhibiting remarkable downregulation in the MnUCHL3-silenced group. The above experimental conclusions revealed that UCHL3 gene might be involved in the innate immune response to bacterial infection by regulating the synthesis of a series of AMPs, and these results might provide new insights into UCHL3 in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyao Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liaoyi Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiacheng Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haisheng Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China; South Taihu Lake Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center of Huzhou, Zhejiang University, 768, Luwang Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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14
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Calvete O, Reyes J, Valdés-Socin H, Martin P, Marazuela M, Barroso A, Escalada J, Castells A, Torres-Ruiz R, Rodríguez-Perales S, Currás-Freixes M, Benítez J. Alterations in SLC4A2, SLC26A7 and SLC26A9 Drive Acid-Base Imbalance in Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors and Uncover a Novel Mechanism for a Co-Occurring Polyautoimmune Scenario. Cells 2021; 10:3500. [PMID: 34944008 PMCID: PMC8700745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) is assumed to involve an immune system malfunction and entails several autoimmune diseases co-occurring in different tissues of the same patient; however, they are orphans of its accurate diagnosis, as its genetic basis and pathogenic mechanism are not understood. Our previous studies uncovered alterations in the ATPase H+/K+ Transporting Subunit Alpha (ATP4A) proton pump that triggered an internal cell acid-base imbalance, offering an autoimmune scenario for atrophic gastritis and gastric neuroendocrine tumors with secondary autoimmune pathologies. Here, we propose the genetic exploration of APS involving gastric disease to understand the underlying pathogenic mechanism of the polyautoimmune scenario. The whole exome sequencing (WES) study of five autoimmune thyrogastric families uncovered different pathogenic variants in SLC4A2, SLC26A7 and SLC26A9, which cotransport together with ATP4A. Exploratory in vitro studies suggested that the uncovered genes were involved in a pathogenic mechanism based on the alteration of the acid-base balance. Thus, we built a custom gene panel with 12 genes based on the suggested mechanism to evaluate a new series of 69 APS patients. In total, 64 filtered putatively damaging variants in the 12 genes of the panel were found in 54.17% of the studied patients and none of the healthy controls. Our studies reveal a constellation of solute carriers that co-express in the tissues affected with different autoimmune diseases, proposing a unique genetic origin for co-occurring pathologies. These results settle a new-fangled genetics-based mechanism for polyautoimmunity that explains not only gastric disease, but also thyrogastric pathology and disease co-occurrence in APS that are different from clinical incidental findings. This opens a new window leading to the prediction and diagnosis of co-occurring autoimmune diseases and clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Calvete
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.)
- Network of Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo Español de Tumores Neuroendocrinos y Endocrinos (GETNE), 28054 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Reyes
- Grupo Español de Tumores Neuroendocrinos y Endocrinos (GETNE), 28054 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, 07300 Inca, Spain
- Health Investigation Institute (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Hernán Valdés-Socin
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Paloma Martin
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.)
- Network of Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Hospital la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, University Autónoma of Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alicia Barroso
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Javier Escalada
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.T.-R.); (S.R.-P.)
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.T.-R.); (S.R.-P.)
| | - María Currás-Freixes
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.)
- Network of Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Mun Y, Hwang JS, Shin YJ. Role of Neutrophils on the Ocular Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10386. [PMID: 34638724 PMCID: PMC8508808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface is a gateway that contacts the outside and receives stimulation from the outside. The corneal innate immune system is composed of many types of cells, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, mucin, and lysozyme. Neutrophil infiltration and degranulation occur on the ocular surface. Degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, called NETosis, and autophagy in neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. It is necessary to understand the role of neutrophils on the ocular surface. Furthermore, there is a need for research on therapeutic agents targeting neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation for ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Mun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea; (Y.M.); (J.S.H.)
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea; (Y.M.); (J.S.H.)
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea; (Y.M.); (J.S.H.)
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea
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16
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Yue TT, Zhang N, Li JH, Lu XY, Wang XC, Li X, Zhang HB, Cheng SQ, Wang BB, Gong PT, Zhang XC. Anti-osteosarcoma effect of antiserum against cross antigen TPD52 between osteosarcoma and Trichinella spiralis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:498. [PMID: 34565443 PMCID: PMC8474799 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a parasite occurring worldwide that has been proven to have antitumour ability. However, studies on the antitumour effects of cross antigens between the tumour and T. spiralis or antibodies against cross antigens between tumours and T. spiralis are rare. METHODS To study the role of cross antigens between osteosarcoma and T. spiralis, we first screened the cDNA expression library of T. spiralis muscle larvae to obtain the cross antigen gene tumour protein D52 (TPD52), and prepared fusion protein TPD52 and its antiserum. The anti-osteosarcoma effect of the anti-TPD52 antiserum was studied using cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays as well as in vivo animal models; preliminary data on the mechanism were obtained using western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS Our results indicated that TPD52 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of MG-63 cells. Anti-TPD52 antiserum inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells and the growth of osteosarcoma in a dose-dependent manner. The tumour inhibition rate in the 100 μg treatment group was 61.95%. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that injection of anti-TPD52 antiserum increased the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 in nude mice. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed that anti-TPD52 antiserum did not cause significant pathological damage. Apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells was induced by anti-TPD52 antiserum in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TPD52 antiserum exerts an anti-osteosarcoma effect by inducing apoptosis without causing histopathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiao-Cen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shu-Qin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Bo-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Peng-Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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17
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Szekanecz Z, McInnes IB, Schett G, Szamosi S, Benkő S, Szűcs G. Autoinflammation and autoimmunity across rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:585-595. [PMID: 34341562 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) can be placed along a spectrum of disorders, with autoinflammatory diseases (including monogenic systemic autoinflammatory diseases) and autoimmune diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome) representing the two ends of this spectrum. However, although most autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by the activation of innate immunity and inflammasomes and classical autoimmunity typically involves adaptive immune responses, there is some overlap in the features of autoimmunity and autoinflammation in RMDs. Indeed, some 'mixed-pattern' diseases such as spondyloarthritis and some forms of rheumatoid arthritis can also be delineated. A better understanding of the pathogenic pathways of autoinflammation and autoimmunity in RMDs, as well as the preferential cytokine patterns observed in these diseases, could help us to design targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szekanecz
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum fur Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Szilvia Szamosi
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szűcs
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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18
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ElGindi M, Sapudom J, Ibrahim IH, Al-Sayegh M, Chen W, Garcia-Sabaté A, Teo JCM. May the Force Be with You (Or Not): The Immune System under Microgravity. Cells 2021; 10:1941. [PMID: 34440709 PMCID: PMC8391211 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All terrestrial organisms have evolved and adapted to thrive under Earth's gravitational force. Due to the increase of crewed space flights in recent years, it is vital to understand how the lack of gravitational forces affects organisms. It is known that astronauts who have been exposed to microgravity suffer from an array of pathological conditions including an impaired immune system, which is one of the most negatively affected by microgravity. However, at the cellular level a gap in knowledge exists, limiting our ability to understand immune impairment in space. This review highlights the most significant work done over the past 10 years detailing the effects of microgravity on cellular aspects of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei ElGindi
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates; (M.E.); (J.S.); (I.H.I.)
| | - Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates; (M.E.); (J.S.); (I.H.I.)
| | - Ibrahim Hamed Ibrahim
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates; (M.E.); (J.S.); (I.H.I.)
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Anna Garcia-Sabaté
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates; (M.E.); (J.S.); (I.H.I.)
| | - Jeremy C. M. Teo
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates; (M.E.); (J.S.); (I.H.I.)
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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19
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Isaacs SR, Foskett DB, Maxwell AJ, Ward EJ, Faulkner CL, Luo JYX, Rawlinson WD, Craig ME, Kim KW. Viruses and Type 1 Diabetes: From Enteroviruses to the Virome. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071519. [PMID: 34361954 PMCID: PMC8306446 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, viruses have left a long trail of evidence implicating them as frequent suspects in the development of type 1 diabetes. Through vigorous interrogation of viral infections in individuals with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes using serological and molecular virus detection methods, as well as mechanistic studies of virus-infected human pancreatic β-cells, the prime suspects have been narrowed down to predominantly human enteroviruses. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of evidence supporting the hypothesised role of enteroviruses in the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. We also discuss concerns over the historical focus and investigation bias toward enteroviruses and summarise current unbiased efforts aimed at characterising the complete population of viruses (the “virome”) contributing early in life to the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Finally, we review the range of vaccine and antiviral drug candidates currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the prevention and potential treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R. Isaacs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (S.R.I.); (D.B.F.); (A.J.M.); (E.J.W.); (C.L.F.); (J.Y.X.L.); (W.D.R.); (M.E.C.)
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Dylan B. Foskett
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (S.R.I.); (D.B.F.); (A.J.M.); (E.J.W.); (C.L.F.); (J.Y.X.L.); (W.D.R.); (M.E.C.)
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Anna J. Maxwell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (S.R.I.); (D.B.F.); (A.J.M.); (E.J.W.); (C.L.F.); (J.Y.X.L.); (W.D.R.); (M.E.C.)
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Emily J. Ward
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (S.R.I.); (D.B.F.); (A.J.M.); (E.J.W.); (C.L.F.); (J.Y.X.L.); (W.D.R.); (M.E.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Clare L. Faulkner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (S.R.I.); (D.B.F.); (A.J.M.); (E.J.W.); (C.L.F.); (J.Y.X.L.); (W.D.R.); (M.E.C.)
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Jessica Y. X. Luo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (S.R.I.); (D.B.F.); (A.J.M.); (E.J.W.); (C.L.F.); (J.Y.X.L.); (W.D.R.); (M.E.C.)
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - William D. Rawlinson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (S.R.I.); (D.B.F.); (A.J.M.); (E.J.W.); (C.L.F.); (J.Y.X.L.); (W.D.R.); (M.E.C.)
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maria E. Craig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (S.R.I.); (D.B.F.); (A.J.M.); (E.J.W.); (C.L.F.); (J.Y.X.L.); (W.D.R.); (M.E.C.)
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ki Wook Kim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (S.R.I.); (D.B.F.); (A.J.M.); (E.J.W.); (C.L.F.); (J.Y.X.L.); (W.D.R.); (M.E.C.)
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9382-9096
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Liu J, Liu Z, Wang L, He H, Mu H, Sun W, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Ma W, Zhang W, Fu M, Fan Y, Song X. Bioactivity-guided isolation of immunomodulatory compounds from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114079. [PMID: 33798661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Ligustrum lucidum (FLL) W.T. Aiton (Oleaceae) is included in the 2020 "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic. In recent years, FLL has been reported to improve immune function, but the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of FLL remain poorly characterized. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify FFL compounds with strong immune activity and explore their molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 macrophages and proliferation activity of spleen lymphocytes were used to guide the isolation of bioactive compounds from FLL extracts. Lymphocyte subpopulations, Ca2+ concentrations, and surface molecule expression were analyzed using flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion was examined using ELISA. FITC-OVA uptake was observed using fluorescence microscopy. NF-κB activation was analyzed using western blotting. RESULTS The extraction and isolation produced ten compounds, namely oleuropeinic acid, nuezhenide, isonuezhenide, salidroside, isoligustrosidic acid, ligulucidumosides A, 8(E)-nuezhenide, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and p-hydroxyphenethyl 7-β-D-glucosideelenolic acid ester were isolated and identified from FLL-Bu-30%. Immunoactivity experiments showed that hydroxytyrosol had the strongest macrophage phagocytotic and lymphocyte proliferation-promoting activities. Further studies showed that hydroxytyrosol could significantly enhance lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD3+CD4-CD8-, promote IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α secretion, and increase intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. In addition, the results from RAW264.7 macrophages showed that hydroxytyrosol increased FITC-OVA uptake, induced TNF-α and IL-1β production, upregulated MHC-II, CD80, and CD86 expression, promoted cytoplasmic IκB-α degradation, and increased nuclear NF-κB p65 levels. CONCLUSION Our study provides substantial evidence regarding the mechanism of the immunomodulatory effects of compounds from FLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Zengyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Hao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Hailong Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
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21
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An Update on the Pathogenic Role of Macrophages in Adult-Onset Still's Disease and Its Implication in Clinical Manifestations and Novel Therapeutics. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8998358. [PMID: 34239943 PMCID: PMC8238602 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8998358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates a pivotal role of macrophages in innate immunity, which contributes to the pathogenesis of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). Despite the available reviews that summarized the pathogenic role of proinflammatory cytokines in AOSD, a systematic approach focusing on the crucial role of macrophages in this disease is still lacking. This review summarizes the updated functions of macrophages in AOSD and their implication in clinical manifestations and therapeutics. We searched the MEDLINE database using the PubMed interface and reviewed the English-language literature as of 31 March 2021, from 1971 to 2021. We focus on the existing evidence on the pathogenic role of macrophages in AOSD and its implication in clinical characteristics and novel therapeutics. AOSD is an autoinflammatory disease mainly driven by the innate immune response. Among the innate immune responses, macrophage activation is a hallmark of AOSD pathogenesis. The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on macrophages recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns and subsequently cause overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and recruit adaptive immunity. Some biomarkers, such as ferritin and gasdermin D, reflecting macrophage activation were elevated and correlated with AOSD activity. Given that macrophage activation with the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines plays a pathogenic role in AOSD, these inflammatory mediators would be the therapeutic targets. Accordingly, the inhibitors to interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-6, and IL-18 have been shown to be effective in AOSD treatment. Gaining insights into the pathogenic role of macrophages in AOSD can aid in identifying disease biomarkers and therapeutic agents for this disease.
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22
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Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126360. [PMID: 34198614 PMCID: PMC8232320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are a heterogeneous family of disorders characterized by a dysregulation of the innate immune system, in which sterile inflammation primarily develops through antigen-independent hyperactivation of immune pathways. In most cases, they have a strong genetic background, with mutations in single genes involved in inflammation. Therefore, they can derive from different pathogenic mechanisms at any level, such as dysregulated inflammasome-mediated production of cytokines, intracellular stress, defective regulatory pathways, altered protein folding, enhanced NF-kappaB signalling, ubiquitination disorders, interferon pathway upregulation and complement activation. Since the discover of pathogenic mutations of the pyrin-encoding gene MEFV in Familial Mediterranean Fever, more than 50 monogenic autoinflammatory diseases have been discovered thanks to the advances in genetic sequencing: the advent of new genetic analysis techniques and the discovery of genes involved in autoinflammatory diseases have allowed a better understanding of the underlying innate immunologic pathways and pathogenetic mechanisms, thus opening new perspectives in targeted therapies. Moreover, this field of research has become of great interest, since more than a hundred clinical trials for autoinflammatory diseases are currently active or recently concluded, allowing us to hope for considerable acquisitions for the next few years. General paediatricians need to be aware of the importance of this group of diseases and they should consider autoinflammatory diseases in patients with clinical hallmarks, in order to guide further examinations and refer the patient to a specialist rheumatologist. Here we resume the pathogenesis, clinical aspects and diagnosis of the most important autoinflammatory diseases in children.
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Guzel F, Romano M, Keles E, Piskin D, Ozen S, Poyrazoglu H, Kasapcopur O, Demirkaya E. Next Generation Sequencing Based Multiplex Long-Range PCR for Routine Genotyping of Autoinflammatory Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666273. [PMID: 34177904 PMCID: PMC8219981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decade, remarkable progress with massive sequencing has been made in the identification of disease-associated genes for AIDs using next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS). An international group of experts described the ideal genetic screening method which should give information about SNVs, InDels, Copy Number Variations (CNVs), GC rich regions. We aimed to develop and validate a molecular diagnostic method in conjunction with the NGS platform as an inexpensive, extended and uniform coverage and fast screening tool which consists of nine genes known to be associated with various AIDs. Methods For the validation of basic and expanded panels, long-range multiplex models were setup on healthy samples without any known variations for MEFV, MVK, TNFRSF1A, NLRP3, PSTPIP1, IL1RN, NOD2, NLRP12 and LPIN2 genes. Patients with AIDs who had already known causative variants in these genes were sequenced for analytical validation. As a last step, multiplex models were validated on patients with pre-diagnosis of AIDs. All sequencing steps were performed on the Illumina NGS platform. Validity steps included the selection of related candidate genes, primer design, development of screening methods, validation and verification of the product. The GDPE (Gentera) bioinformatics pipeline was followed. Results Although there was no nonsynonymous variation in 21 healthy samples, 107 synonymous variant alleles and some intronic and UTR variants were detected. In 10 patients who underwent analytical validation, besides the 11 known nonsynonymous variant alleles, 11 additional nonsynonymous variant alleles and a total of 81 synonymous variants were found. In the clinical validation phase, 46 patients sequenced with multiplex panels, genetic and clinical findings were combined for diagnosis. Conclusion In this study, we describe the development and validation of an NGS-based multiplex array enabling the "long-amplicon" approach for targeted sequencing of nine genes associated with common AIDs. This screening tool is less expensive and more comprehensive compared to other methods and more informative than traditional sequencing. The proposed panel offers advantages to WES or hybridization probe equivalents in terms of CNV analysis, high sensitivity and uniformity, GC-rich region sequencing, InDel detection and intron covering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Guzel
- Department of Research and Development, Gentera Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Micol Romano
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Erdi Keles
- Department of Research and Development, Gentera Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David Piskin
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Poyrazoglu
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kasapcopur
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Cerrhapasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Demirkaya
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Liu Y, Kaplan MJ. Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Diseases: Fueling the Fire. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 60:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Innate immune response in systemic autoimmune diseases: a potential target of therapy. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1421-1438. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Root-Bernstein R. Synergistic Activation of Toll-Like and NOD Receptors by Complementary Antigens as Facilitators of Autoimmune Disease: Review, Model and Novel Predictions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134645. [PMID: 32629865 PMCID: PMC7369971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins (NOD) in the innate immune system is one necessary driver of autoimmune disease (AD), but its mechanism remains obscure. This study compares and contrasts TLR and NOD activation profiles for four AD (autoimmune myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis) and their animal models. The failure of current AD theories to explain the disparate TLR/NOD profiles in AD is reviewed and a novel model is presented that explains innate immune support of persistent chronic inflammation in terms of unique combinations of complementary AD-specific antigens stimulating synergistic TLRs and/or NODs. The potential explanatory power of the model is explored through testable, novel predictions concerning TLR- and NOD-related AD animal models and therapies.
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The association between severe or dead COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 2020; 81:e93-e95. [PMID: 32502509 PMCID: PMC7264926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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