1
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Vanheusden FJ, Vadapalli SK, Rashid M, Griffiths MD, Kim A. Religiosity, Financial Risk Taking, and Reward Processing: An Experimental Study. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10324-4. [PMID: 38861246 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the extent to which financial risk-taking (FRT) perspectives and religiosity influenced an individual's performance on financial decision-making tasks under risk and/or uncertainty. It further investigated the potential to measure this interaction using electro-encephalogram (EEG) assessments through reward-related event-related potentials (P3 and FRN). EEG data were collected from 37 participants undergoing four decision-making tasks comprising the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), Mixed-Gamble Loss-Aversion Task (MGLAT), and MGLA-Success Task (MGLAST). The present study found that BART performance may be affected by an interaction of FRT perspectives and religiosity. The physiological effects of task feedback were also distinguished between religious and non-religious individuals objectively with EEG data. Overall, while religiosity and FRT may not significantly influence IGT and MGLA performance, and interact with BART in a complex way, physiological reaction towards feedback after BART performance appears to be strongly affected by religiosity and FRT perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederique J Vanheusden
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, New Hall Block, Room 177, Clifton Campus, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Sundara Kashyap Vadapalli
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, New Hall Block, Room 177, Clifton Campus, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Christ Church Business School, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amee Kim
- Christ Church Business School, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
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2
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Renault H, Freeman C, Banica I, Sandre A, Ethridge P, Park J, Weinberg A. Neural response to rewards moderates the within-person association between daily positive events and positive affect during a period of stress exposure. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14376. [PMID: 37430465 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress and neural responses to reward can interact to predict psychopathology, but the mechanisms of this interaction are unclear. One possibility is that the strength of neural responses to reward can affect the ability to maintain positive affect during stress. In this study, 105 participants completed a monetary reward task to elicit the reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential sensitive to rewards. Subsequently, during a stressful period, participants reported on their affect nine times a day and on daily positive and negative events for 10 days. Even during heightened stress, experiencing more positive events was associated with increased positive affect. The RewP significantly moderated this association: Individuals with a larger RewP reported greater increases in positive affect when they experienced more positive events, relative to individuals with a smaller RewP. A blunted RewP might contribute to stress susceptibility by affecting how much individuals engage in positive emotion regulation during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Renault
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clara Freeman
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iulia Banica
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paige Ethridge
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Stim JJ, Maresh EL, Van Voorhis AC, Kang SS, Luciana M, Collins P, Sponheim SR, Urošević S. Neural abnormalities of reward processing in adolescents with bipolar disorders: An ERP study. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108667. [PMID: 37625685 PMCID: PMC10591931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent onset is common in bipolar disorders (BDs) and is associated with a worse illness course in adulthood. A model of BDs suggests that a dysregulated behavioral approach system (BAS), a neural system that mobilizes reward-seeking behavior, is at the root of BDs. Normative adolescence is often accompanied by dynamic changes to neural structures underlying the BAS and related cognitive processes. It is possible that adolescent-onset BDs is associated with abnormal BAS neurodevelopment. Consistently, the present study is the first to compare specific BAS-relevant anticipatory and consummatory reward processes as indexed by event-related potentials (ERPs) in adolescents with BDs and typically developing peers. Using a sample of 43 adolescents with BDs and 56 without psychopathology, we analyzed N1 and P3 responses to anticipatory cues and feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3 responses to feedback stimuli during a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. Hierarchical linear models examined relationships between ERP amplitudes and diagnostic group, MID condition, sex, and age. During anticipation phase, adolescent boys with BDs exhibited significantly larger N1 amplitudes in loss than even or gain trials. During feedback phase, compared to their healthy peers, adolescents with BDs had smaller FRN amplitudes across all conditions. Additional effects involving age, sex and trial type were observed. The findings indicate subtle, non-ubiquitous BAS-relevant neural abnormalities involving early attentional processes during reward anticipation and reward learning following feedback in adolescents with BDs. Adolescents with BDs did not show overall hypersensitive neural responses to monetary reward anticipation or feedback observed in adults with BDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Stim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA.
| | - Erin L Maresh
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, USA
| | | | - Seung Suk Kang
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
| | - Paul Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
| | - Snežana Urošević
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
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4
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Stewardson H, Sambrook TD. Valence precedes value in neural encoding of prediction error. Psychophysiology 2023:e14266. [PMID: 36779448 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potentials that follow feedback in reinforcement learning tasks have been proposed to reflect neural encoding of prediction errors. Prior research has shown that in the interval of 240-340 ms multiple different prediction error encodings appear to co-occur, including a value signal carrying signed quantitative prediction error and a valence signal merely carrying sign. The effects used to identify these two encoders, respectively a sign main effect and a sign × size interaction, do not reliably discriminate them. A full discrimination is made possible by comparing tasks in which the reinforcer available on a given trial is set to be either appetitive or aversive against tasks where a trial allows the possibility of either. This study presents a meta-analysis of reinforcement learning experiments, the majority of which presented the possibility of winning or losing money. Value and valence encodings were identified by conventional difference wave methodology but additionally by an analysis of their predicted behavior using a Bayesian analysis that incorporated nulls into the evidence for each encoder. The results suggest that a valence encoding, sensitive only to the available outcomes on the trial at hand precedes a later value encoding sensitive to the outcomes available in the wider experimental context. The implications of this for modeling computational processes of reinforcement learning in humans are discussed.
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5
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Komarnyckyj M, Retzler C, Cao Z, Ganis G, Murphy A, Whelan R, Fouragnan EF. At-risk alcohol users have disrupted valence discrimination during reward anticipation. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13174. [PMID: 35470555 PMCID: PMC9286798 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is characterised by disrupted reward learning, underpinned by dysfunctional cortico-striatal reward pathways, although relatively little is known about the biology of reward processing in populations who engage in risky alcohol use. Cues that trigger reward anticipation can be categorized according to their learnt valence (i.e., positive vs. negative outcomes) and motivational salience (i.e., incentive vs. neutral cues). Separating EEG signals associated with these dimensions is challenging because of their inherent collinearity, but the recent application of machine learning methods to single EEG trials affords a solution. Here, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to quantify risky alcohol use, with participants split into high alcohol (HA) (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 13.82) and low alcohol (LA) (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 5.77) groups. We applied machine learning multivariate single-trial classification to the electroencephalography (EEG) data collected during reward anticipation. The LA group demonstrated significant valence discrimination in the early stages of reward anticipation within the cue-P3 time window (400-550 ms), whereas the HA group was insensitive to valence within this time window. Notably, the LA, but not the HA group demonstrated a relationship between single-trial variability in the early valence component and reaction times for gain and loss trials. This study evidences disrupted hypoactive valence sensitivity in the HA group, revealing potential neurophysiological markers for risky drinking behaviours which place individuals at-risk of adverse health events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mica Komarnyckyj
- Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK
| | - Chris Retzler
- Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- School of Psychology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Giorgio Ganis
- School of Psychology University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Anna Murphy
- Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Elsa Florence Fouragnan
- School of Psychology University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
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6
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Morie KP, Crowley MJ, Mayes LC, Potenza MN. The process of emotion identification: Considerations for psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:264-274. [PMID: 35151218 PMCID: PMC8969204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emotional regulation is important for mental health and behavioral regulation. A relevant precursor to emotional regulation may involve identification of one's emotions. Here, we propose a model of seven components that may provide a foundation for emotion identification. These factors include baseline mood, monitoring, physiological responses, interoception, past personal experiences regarding emotions/metacognition, context, and labeling. We additionally examine how deficits in different components may contribute to the concept of alexithymia, which is defined by difficulty identifying and describing one's own emotions. Ultimately, we explore how the model may support a relationship between specific psychiatric disorders and alexithymia. The proposed model may help explain emotional identification impairment in multiple psychiatric disorders and guide future research and treatment development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P Morie
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Michael J Crowley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, 06109, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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7
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Hu X, Wang F, Zhang D. Similar brains blend emotion in similar ways: Neural representations of individual difference in emotion profiles. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118819. [PMID: 34920085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our daily emotional experience is a complex construct that usually involves multiple emotions blended in a context-dependent manner. However, the co-occurring and context-dependent nature of human emotions was understated in previous studies when addressing the individual difference in emotional experiences. The present study proposed a situated and blended 'profile' perspective to characterize individualized emotional experiences. Eighty participants watched a series of emotional videos with their EEG recorded, and the individual differences in their emotion profiles were measured as the vector distances between their multidimensional emotion ratings for these video stimuli. This measure was found to be a reliable descriptor of individualized emotional experiences and could efficiently predict classical emotional complexity indices. More importantly, inter-subject representational analyses revealed that similar emotion profiles were associated with similar delta-band activities over the prefrontal and temporo-parietal regions and similar theta-band activities over the frontal regions. Furthermore, left- and right-lateralized temporo-parietal representations were observed for positive and negative emotion profiles, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the potential of taking a 'profile' perspective for understanding individual differences in human emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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8
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Horne SJ, Topp TE, Quigley L. Depression and the willingness to expend cognitive and physical effort for rewards: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 88:102065. [PMID: 34274800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with reduced motivation to engage in previously enjoyed activities. In particular, anhedonia has been linked to reduced motivation, though other depressive symptoms may also play a role. The purposes of this systematic review were to 1) examine the relationship between depression and motivation, as operationalized by a willingness to expend effort for rewards, 2) examine the relationship between anhedonia and motivation, and 3) examine potential methodological moderators of these relationships. Forty-three articles met our inclusion criteria for the review. Our review found that individuals with depression and anhedonia demonstrate reduced willingness to expend cognitive and physical effort for rewards, though the effect has been more robustly demonstrated for physical effort expenditure. Task design impacted the strength of these relationships, with stronger effects for tasks that used indices of decision-making and accuracy rather than response time. These findings have clinical implications for behavioral activation, which seeks to improve depressive symptoms by encouraging individuals to increase their activity level. Future research should examine the determinants of motivation in individuals with depression and anhedonia, to ultimately help these individuals become more active and hopefully improve their quality of life as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Horne
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, United States of America.
| | - Tzippora E Topp
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Leanne Quigley
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
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9
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Nash K, Tran A, Leota J, Scott A. Economic threat heightens conflict detection: sLORETA evidence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:981-990. [PMID: 33027506 PMCID: PMC7647378 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic threat has far-reaching emotional and social consequences, yet the impact of economic threat on neurocognitive processes has received little empirical scrutiny. Here, we examined the causal relationship between economic threat and conflict detection, a critical process in cognitive control associated with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Participants (N = 103) were first randomly assigned to read about a gloomy economic forecast (Economic Threat condition) or a stable economic forecast (No-Threat Control condition). Notably, these forecasts were based on real, publicly available economic predictions. Participants then completed a passive auditory oddball task composed of frequent standard tones and infrequent, aversive white-noise bursts, a task that elicits the N2, an event-related potential component linked to conflict detection. Results revealed that participants in the Economic Threat condition evidenced increased activation source localized to the ACC during the N2 to white-noise stimuli. Further, ACC activation to conflict mediated an effect of Economic Threat on increased justification for personal wealth. Economic threat thus has implications for basic neurocognitive function. Discussion centers on how effects on conflict detection could shed light on the broader emotional and social consequences of economic threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Nash
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Alex Tran
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Josh Leota
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andy Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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10
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Xu S, Sun Y, Huang M, Huang Y, Han J, Tang X, Ren W. Emotional State and Feedback-Related Negativity Induced by Positive, Negative, and Combined Reinforcement. Front Psychol 2021; 12:647263. [PMID: 34040560 PMCID: PMC8141566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement learning relies on the reward prediction error (RPE) signals conveyed by the midbrain dopamine system. Previous studies showed that dopamine plays an important role in both positive and negative reinforcement. However, whether various reinforcement processes will induce distinct learning signals is still unclear. In a probabilistic learning task, we examined RPE signals in different reinforcement types using an electrophysiology index, namely, the feedback-related negativity (FRN). Ninety-four participants were randomly assigned into four groups: base (no money incentive), positive reinforcement (presentation of money rewards), negative reinforcement (removal of money losses), and combined reinforcement (money rewards and removal of money losses) groups. In addition, in order to evaluate the engagement of emotional activity in the different reinforcement processes, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS-X) scales were applied before and after the experiment to detect the emotional changes. The results showed that there was no difference between groups in the dopamine-related learning bias. However, compared to the other three groups, negative reinforcement elicited smaller FRN (the difference-wave measure) during the learning, stronger positive affect and joviality, and less fatigue after the learning, in which the difference between the negative and positive reinforcement groups was smaller. The results indicated that pure avoidance motivation may induce distinct emotional fluctuations, which influence the feedback processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuyan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Foreign Studies, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- School of Foreign Studies, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- School of Foreign Studies, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Wei Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Schettino M, Ghezzi V, Ang YS, Duda JM, Fagioli S, Mennin DS, Pizzagalli DA, Ottaviani C. Perseverative Cognition in the Positive Valence Systems: An Experimental and Ecological Investigation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050585. [PMID: 33946423 PMCID: PMC8147166 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perseverative cognition (PC) is a transdiagnostic risk factor that characterizes both hypo-motivational (e.g., depression) and hyper-motivational (e.g., addiction) disorders; however, it has been almost exclusively studied within the context of the negative valence systems. The present study aimed to fill this gap by combining laboratory-based, computational and ecological assessments. Healthy individuals performed the Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) before and after the induction of PC or a waiting period. Computational modeling was applied to dissociate the effects of PC on reward sensitivity and learning rate. Afterwards, participants underwent a one-week ecological momentary assessment of daily PC occurrence, as well as anticipatory and consummatory reward-related behavior. Induction of PC led to increased response bias on the PRT compared to waiting, likely due to an increase in learning rate but not in reward sensitivity, as suggested by computational modeling. In daily-life, PC increased the discrepancy between expected and obtained rewards (i.e., prediction error). Current converging experimental and ecological evidence suggests that PC is associated with abnormalities in the functionality of positive valence systems. Given the role of PC in the prediction, maintenance, and recurrence of psychopathology, it would be clinically valuable to extend research on this topic beyond the negative valence systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Schettino
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.O.)
| | - Valerio Ghezzi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Yuen-Siang Ang
- Department of Social and Cognitive Computing, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore;
| | - Jessica M. Duda
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; (J.M.D.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Sabrina Fagioli
- Department of Education, University of Roma Tre, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; (J.M.D.); (D.A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.O.)
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12
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Molinero S, Giménez-Fernández T, López FJ, Carretié L, Luque D. Stimulus-response learning and expected reward value enhance stimulus cognitive processing: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13795. [PMID: 33604885 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reward affects our attention to stimuli, prioritizing those that lead to high-value outcomes. Recently, it has been suggested that such reward-related cognitive prioritization might be associated with the process of learning new stimulus-response (S-R) associations, because both are acquired through extended reward training, and once established, they are hard to overcome. We used event-related potentials (ERP) to analyze the contribution of S-R links to the formation of reward-related cognitive prioritization during reinforcement learning. Reward-related cognitive prioritization was measured by comparing the ERP signals for stimuli predicting high-value and low-value outcomes. In addition, we compared a strong S-R link (same stimulus, same response), with a weak S-R link condition (same stimulus, two different responses). The participants' performance was more accurate and faster when the procedure allowed for establishing strong S-R links and for high-value outcomes. Furthermore, those stimuli associated with strong S-R links showed a larger P3 amplitude at parietal sites. Value effects (larger ERP activity for those stimuli predicting a high-value outcome) were obtained at parietal and occipital sites in the P3 time window. However, value effects did not benefit from strong S-R links in either the P1 or the P3 components. These results suggest that strong S-R learning is not necessary to develop reward-related modulations of ERP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molinero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Tamara Giménez-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J López
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Carretié
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Luque
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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13
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Feldmann L, Landes I, Kohls G, Bakos S, Bartling J, Schulte-Körne G, Greimel E. Neural processes of reward and punishment processing in childhood and adolescence: An event-related potential study on age differences. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 47:100896. [PMID: 33341535 PMCID: PMC7750689 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents performed the Monetary Incentive Delay Task. We examined anticipatory and outcome ERPs of reward and punishment processing. SPN amplitudes for anticipating loss or no gain decreased with increasing age. Sensitivity to negative outcomes decreases from childhood to adolescence.
Reward and punishment processing are subject to substantial developmental changes during youth. However, little is known about the neurophysiological correlates that are associated with these developmental changes, particularly with regard to both anticipatory and outcome processing stages. Thus, the aim of this study was to address this research gap in a sample of typically developing children and adolescents. Fifty-four children and adolescents (8–18 years) performed a Monetary Incentive Delay Task comprising a monetary reward and punishment condition. Using event-related brain potential recordings, the cue-P3 and the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) were analyzed during the anticipation phase, while the Reward Positivity and the feedback-P3 were analyzed during the outcome phase. When anticipating monetary loss or no gain, SPN amplitude in the right hemisphere decreased with age. Moreover, exploratory analyses revealed a decrease in feedback-P3 amplitudes in response to monetary loss with increasing age. No other group differences were observed. Age-related changes in the SPN and fP3 component suggest that sensitivity to negative outcomes decreases from childhood to late adolescence, supporting the notion that adolescence is associated with reduced harm-avoidance. Longitudinal research including young adults is needed to substantiate our findings and its clinical implications regarding disturbed developmental trajectories in psychiatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Feldmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Iris Landes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarolta Bakos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Song W, Li H, Sun F, Guo T, Jiang S, Wang X. Pain Avoidance and Its Relation to Neural Response to Punishment Characterizes Suicide Attempters with Major Depression Disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 294:113507. [PMID: 33075650 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diminished neural responses to punitive stimulus related to high level of pain avoidance may be biomarkers in distinguishing patients with history of suicide attempts from those without such histories. Outpatients with Major Depression Disorder (MDD, n=44) and healthy controls (HCs, n=28) were administered the Beck Depression Inventory-I (BDI-I), the Three-Dimensional Psychological Pain Scale (TDPPS), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS), and then patients were allocated to two groups: suicide attempts (MDD-SA, n=12) and suicidal ideation (MDD-SI, n=32). All participants were required to complete the measurements and performed the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task with recording of electroencephalography synchronously. The MDD-SA group scored higher in the BDI-I, total TDPPS, pain avoidance subscale, and BSS-W scores than the MDD-SI and healthy control groups. Pain avoidance subscale scores had the highest correlations with SA than other inventory scores. The P3 elicited by negative feedback under punitive condition was significantly larger than those of reward and neutral conditions in the MDD-SA group, whereas no significant differences were found between the MDD-SI and HC groups. The P3 elicited by punitive and reward cues was negatively correlated to the total TDPPS and pain avoidance scores, and the P3 elicited by positive feedback in reward and punitive conditions was negatively correlated to the total TDPPS and painful feeing scores. Pain avoidance is a strong behavioral index in distinguishing suicide attempters from suicide ideators. The P3 patterns elicited by punitive cue and feedback may represent psychological pain processing which contribute to suicide act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R China.
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R China
| | - Songyuan Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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Carsten T, Kostandyan M, Boehler CN, Krebs RM. Comparing the motivational value of rewards and losses in an EEG-pupillometry study. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1822-1838. [PMID: 33244798 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We found earlier that performance-contingent rewards lead to faster performance than equivalent losses [Carsten, Hoofs, Boehler, & Krebs, 2019. Motivation Science, 5(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000117]. Here, we further tested the hypothesis that motivation to gain rewards is higher than to avoid losses, even when incentive values are matched. As implicit markers of motivation, we assessed electroencephalography (EEG) focusing on the P3 after target and feedback onset, and the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN), as well as simultaneously recorded pupil size. Comparing only reward and loss prospect trials in Experiment 1, we found no consistent differences in behavior and electrophysiological markers of motivation, although pupil data suggested higher arousal after feedback in potential-loss trials. Including additional no-incentive trials in Experiment 2, we found consistent evidence that motivation to gain rewards was higher than to avoid losses: In line with behavior, the target-P3 was most pronounced for reward-related stimuli, followed by loss and no-incentive ones. This same ranking was found in the P3 and the FRN after positive outcomes (i.e., reward, avoided loss, and correct feedback in no-incentive trials). Negative outcomes featured a different pattern in line with the pupil response, which suggests that losses are emotionally salient events, without invigorating behavior proportionally. In sum, these findings suggest that the motivation to gain rewards is more pronounced than motivation to avoid equivalent losses, at least in tasks promoting transient increases in attention triggered by incentive prospect. These motivational differences may arise as avoided losses are not profitable in the long term, in contrast to gained rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Carsten
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariam Kostandyan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - C Nico Boehler
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ruth M Krebs
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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16
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Zubovics EA, Fiáth R, Rádosi A, Pászthy B, Réthelyi JM, Ulbert I, Bunford N. Neural and self-reported reward responsiveness are associated with dispositional affectivity and emotion dysregulation in adolescents with evidence for convergent and incremental validity. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13723. [PMID: 33179791 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by heightened reward sensitivity which, in turn, confers risk for pertinent negative outcomes, underscoring the need to better understand biological bases and behavioral correlates of reward responsiveness during this developmental phase. Our goals in the current study were to examine, in a sample of 43 typically developing adolescents (Mage = 15.67 years; SD = 1.01; 32.6% boys), (1) evidence of convergent validity between neural and self-report reward responsiveness, (2) associations between neural reward responsiveness and self-report dispositional affectivity and emotion dysregulation (ED) and (3) evidence of incremental validity of self-report beyond neural reward responsiveness in predicting affectivity and ED. During electroencephalography (EEG), adolescents completed two experimental paradigms probing event-related potential (ERP) indices of reward anticipation and initial responsiveness to reward attainment. Following EEG, they completed self-report measures of reward responsiveness, affectivity, and ED. Findings indicated some evidence of convergent validity between enhanced ERP indices of reward anticipation and initial response to reward and greater reinforcement sensitivity; that ERP indices of both reward responsiveness aspects predicted lower negative affectivity and less ED; and evidence of incremental validity of self-report beyond neural reward responsiveness in predicting outcomes. Results underscore the utility of a multi-method framework in assessing adolescent reward responsiveness and support the relevance of reward responsiveness in explaining individual differences in dispositional affectivity and ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin A Zubovics
- "Lendület" Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Fiáth
- Comparative Psychophysiology Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Rádosi
- "Lendület" Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bea Pászthy
- 1st Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Comparative Psychophysiology Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Bunford
- "Lendület" Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Exploring the valence-framing effect: Gain frame enhances behavioral and brain sensitivity to the failure of decision-making under uncertainty. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 153:166-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Defensive motivation increases conflict adaptation through local changes in cognitive control: Evidence from ERPs and mid-frontal theta. Biol Psychol 2019; 148:107738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Song W, Li H, Guo T, Jiang S, Wang X. Effect of Affective Reward on Cognitive Event-related Potentials and its Relationship with Psychological Pain and Suicide Risk among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:1290-1306. [PMID: 30390328 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the electrophysiological correlates involved in three-dimensional psychological pain and their relationship with suicide in patients with major depressive disorder. METHOD The sample comprised 23 and nine patients with major depressive disorder with high and low risk for suicide, respectively, and 24 healthy controls. All participants completed the measurements and performed an event-related potential-based analogue of the affective incentive delay task. The event-related potential components previously associated with motivationally salient cue (contingent negative variation, P2, and cue-P3), target (target-P3), and feedback (reward vs. punishment, feedback-related negativity, and feedback-P3) stimuli were examined. RESULTS All inventory scores differed significantly among the high-risk, low-risk, and healthy control groups. During the expectant phase, the main effect of group and interaction between group and condition was significant in the average amplitudes of the cue-P2 component. During the feedback phase, the feedback-P3 elicited by positive feedback had a significant main effect of group and of the interaction between group and condition. Specifically, the feedback-P3 elicited by negative feedback in the punitive condition showed significant positive correlations with the total and subscale scores on the Three-Dimensional Psychological Pain Scale. CONCLUSIONS Feedback-P3 may be an electrobiological component underlying the processing of psychological pain in suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Songyuan Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institution of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Zhou S, Nie L, Wang Z, Wang M, Zheng Y. Aberrant reward dynamics in trait anticipatory anhedonia. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:899-909. [PMID: 31506689 PMCID: PMC6847339 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cardinal feature of several psychiatric disorders, anhedonia includes a consummatory component (deficits in hedonic response to rewards) and an anticipatory component (a reduced motivation to pursue them). Although being conceptualized as impairments of reward system, the neural characterization of reward processing in anhedonia is hampered by the enormous heterogeneity in the reward phase (‘wanting’ vs ‘liking’) and comorbidity (inherent to disease states). The current event-related potential (ERP) study examined the reward dynamics of anticipatory anhedonia in a non-clinical sample. Anticipatory and consummatory ERP components were assessed with a monetary incentive delay task in a high anticipatory anhedonia (HAA) group and a low anticipatory anhedonia (LAA) group. HAA vs LAA group showed a diminished reward-related speeding during behavioral performance and reported overall reduced positive affect during anticipation and receipt of outcomes. Importantly, neural dynamics underlying reward processing were negatively associated with anticipatory anhedonia across the anticipatory phase indexed by the contingent negative variation and the consummatory phase indexed by the feedback P3. Our results suggest that anticipatory anhedonia in non-clinical individuals is linked to a poor modulation during both anticipatory and consummatory phases of reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Nie
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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21
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Sehrig S, Weiss A, Miller GA, Rockstroh B. Decision- and feedback-related brain potentials reveal risk processing mechanisms in patients with alcohol use disorder. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13450. [PMID: 31380569 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are aware of the risks of alcohol abuse yet continue risky drinking. Research indicates that dysfunctional decision processes and trait variables such as impulsivity contribute to this awareness-behavior discrepancy. The present study focused on decision-related versus feedback-related processes as potential contributors to decision making in AUD by examining the relationship between decision choices and decision- and feedback-related ERP phenomena in the balloon analogue risk task (BART). N = 39 AUD and n = 35 healthy comparison participants (HC) performed the BART modified for EEG assessment. In each of 100 runs, participants made a series of choices about whether to pump up a virtual balloon, which popped pseudorandomly, ending the run. Alternatively, participants ended the run by pressing a "cash-out" button. Each pump not producing a pop provided .05 €; popping resulted in loss of the run's accumulated gain. Groups made similar choices, though AUD responded more slowly. The decision P3 200-400 ms after decision prompt (balloon) was larger in AUD than in HC, and decision P3 enhancement on high-risk trials predicted choices to pump. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) after loss (relative to cash out) feedback was smaller in AUD than in HC, suggesting indifference to negative feedback. In AUD, high impulsivity was associated with risk-modulated decision P3 but not FRN. Results indicate atypical decision- and feedback-related processes that could contribute to difficulties in engaging with daily challenges effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sehrig
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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22
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Tsypes A, Angus DJ, Martin S, Kemkes K, Harmon-Jones E. Trait anger and the reward positivity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Mei S, Yi W, Zhou S, Liu X, Zheng Y. Contextual valence modulates the effect of choice on incentive processing. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1249-1258. [PMID: 30395334 PMCID: PMC6277738 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that reward-related neural activity is enhanced for choice relative to no-choice opportunities in the gain context. The current event-related potential study examined whether this modulatory effect of choice can be observed in both the gain and the loss contexts across anticipatory and consummatory phases of incentive processing. Thirty-two participants performed a simple choice task during which choices were made either by themselves (a choice condition) or by a computer (a no-choice condition) during a gain context (gain vs nongain) and a loss context (nonloss vs loss). Behaviorally, participants reported a higher level of perceived control in the choice than the no-choice condition as well as in the gain than loss context. During the anticipatory phase, the choice relative to the no-choice condition elicited an increased cue-P3 in the loss context and an enhanced stimulus-preceding negativity in the gain context. During the consummatory phase, the choice condition elicited a larger reward positivity (ΔRewP) than the no-choice condition in the gain relative to the loss context but a comparable feedback P3 across contexts. These findings demonstrate that the crucial role of voluntary choice in reward processing is contingent upon contextual valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Mei
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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24
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Zhu S, Wang Y, Gao S, Jia S. The influence of context condition on outcome evaluation in experimental conditions: Even vs. neutral. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 141:28-36. [PMID: 31071359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Feedback-related negativity (FRN) is an event-related brain potential that is elicited during outcome evaluation. Studies have found that FRN reflects a good vs. bad classification; more importantly, FRN reflects this classification in a context-dependent manner, which means that the outcome evaluation is obviously influenced by its embedded context. In the current study, we examined how the context conditions of even (i.e., the feedback was +4 or -4) and neutral (i.e., the feedback was always 0) affect the outcome evaluation in experimental conditions (gain and loss). The experimental conditions of gain (i.e., the feedback was +4 or 0) and loss (i.e., the feedback was 0 or -4) were presented with the even condition as the context in one section and with the neutral condition as the context in another section. The ERP (event-related potential) results of the two experimental conditions showed that the unfavorable outcome evoked more negative FRN than the favorable outcome in both even and neutral sections, however, the amplitude difference between unfavorable and favorable outcomes was greater in neutral section than in even section. Furthermore, the favorable outcomes evoked more positive FRN in the neutral section than in the even section. These results indicate that the context condition modulates outcome evaluation, in neutral context, the discrimination between favorable and unfavorable outcome is better, which might due to the facilitated identification of favorable outcomes in neutral context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Zhu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuqian Gao
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiwei Jia
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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25
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Deveney CM. Reward processing and irritability in young adults. Biol Psychol 2019; 143:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Pornpattananangkul N, Grogans S, Yu R, Nusslock R. Single-trial EEG dissociates motivation and conflict processes during decision-making under risk. Neuroimage 2019; 188:483-501. [PMID: 30557662 PMCID: PMC6401252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In making decisions under risk (i.e., choosing whether to gamble when the outcome probabilities are known), two aspects of decision are of particular concern. The first, if gambling, is how large are potential gains compared to losses? The subjectively larger, the more rewarding to gamble. Thus, this aspect of decision-making, quantified through expected utility (EU), is motivation-related. The second concern is how easy is it to reach the decision? When subjective desirability between gambling and not-gambling is clearly different from each other (regardless of the direction), it is easier to decide. This aspect, quantified through utility distance (UD), is conflict-related. It is unclear how the brain simultaneously processes these two aspects of decision-making. Forty-five participants decided whether to gamble during electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. To compute trial-by-trial variability in EU and UD, we fit participants' choices to models inspired by Expected-Utility and Prospect theories using hierarchical-Bayesian modeling. To examine unique influences of EU and UD, we conducted model-based single-trial EEG analyses with EU and UD as simultaneous regressors. While both EU and UD were positively associated with P3-like activity and delta-band power, the contribution of EU was around 200 ms earlier. Thus, during decision-making under risk, people may allocate their attention to motivation-related aspects before conflict-related aspects. Next, following learning the options and before reporting their decision, higher EU was associated with stronger alpha and beta suppression, while higher UD was associated with a stronger contingent-negativity-variation-like activity. This suggests distinct roles of EU and UD on anticipation-related processes. Overall, we identified time and frequency characteristics of EEG signals that differentially traced motivation-related and conflict-related information during decision-making under risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narun Pornpattananangkul
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore; National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Shannon Grogans
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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27
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Wang H, Kleffner K, Carolan PL, Liotti M. Spatiotemporal dynamics of reward and punishment effects induced by associative learning. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199847. [PMID: 30475805 PMCID: PMC6261035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While reward associative learning has been studied extensively across different species, punishment avoidance learning has received far less attention. Of particular interest is how the two types of learning change perceptual processing of the learned stimuli. We designed a task that required participants to learn the association of emotionally neutral images with reward, punishment, and no incentive value outcomes through trial-and-error. During learning, participants received monetary reward, neutral outcomes or avoided punishment by correctly identifying corresponding images. Results showed an early bias in favor of learning reward associations, in the form of higher accuracy and fewer trials needed to reach learning criterion. We subsequently assessed electrophysiological learning effects with a task in which participants viewed the stimuli with no feedback or reinforcement. Critically, we found modulation of two early event-related potential components for reward images: the frontocentral P2 (170-230 ms) and the anterior N2/Early Anterior Positivity (N2/EAP; 210-310 ms). We suggest that reward associations may change stimuli detection and incentive salience as indexed by P2 and N2/EAP. We also reported, on an exploratory basis, a late negativity with frontopolar distribution enhanced by punishment images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Killian Kleffner
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Mario Liotti
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology and Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail:
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28
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Chen Y, Xu J, Zhou L, Zheng Y. The time course of incentive processing in anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:442-450. [PMID: 29913381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, has long been regarded as a cardinal symptom in depression and schizophrenia. Recent evidence highlights that anhedonia is not a single construct but consists of an anticipatory component and a consummatory component, which is captured by the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS). The current event-related potential study examined the electrophysiological underpinnings of anticipatory and consummatory aspects of anhedonia as assessed by the TEPS in a non-clinical sample. METHODS EEG was recorded during both anticipatory and consummatory phases of incentive processing in an anticipatory-anhedonia (ANT) group, a consummatory-anhedonia (CON) group, and a control (CNT) group selected from a large sample based on their TEPS scores. RESULTS The ANT relative to the CON group exhibited a reduced cue-P3 during the anticipatory phase, a less positive feedback-related negativity (FRN) and a blunted feedback P3 (fb-P3) during the consummatory phase. Moreover, correlation results revealed a dissociation between anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, which occurred in an unexpected way such that higher levels of anticipatory anhedonia were associated with reduced fb-P3 amplitudes whereas higher levels of consummatory anhedonia with enhanced cue-P3 and FRN amplitudes. LIMITATION The sample size for each group was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS Anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia as measured by the TEPS might be driven by abnormal motivational salience, which was represented by the cue-P3 during the anticipatory phase and the FRN and fb-P3 during the consummatory phase of incentive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Glazer JE, Kelley NJ, Pornpattananangkul N, Mittal VA, Nusslock R. Beyond the FRN: Broadening the time-course of EEG and ERP components implicated in reward processing. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 132:184-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cao Z, Bennett M, Orr C, Icke I, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Schumann G, Whelan R. Mapping adolescent reward anticipation, receipt, and prediction error during the monetary incentive delay task. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:262-283. [PMID: 30240509 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional neuroanatomy and connectivity of reward processing in adults are well documented, with relatively less research on adolescents, a notable gap given this developmental period's association with altered reward sensitivity. Here, a large sample (n = 1,510) of adolescents performed the monetary incentive delay (MID) task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Probabilistic maps identified brain regions that were reliably responsive to reward anticipation and receipt, and to prediction errors derived from a computational model. Psychophysiological interactions analyses were used to examine functional connections throughout reward processing. Bilateral ventral striatum, pallidum, insula, thalamus, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, midbrain, motor area, and occipital areas were reliably activated during reward anticipation. Bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex and bilateral thalamus exhibited positive and negative activation, respectively, during reward receipt. Bilateral ventral striatum was reliably active following prediction errors. Previously, individual differences in the personality trait of sensation seeking were shown to be related to individual differences in sensitivity to reward outcome. Here, we found that sensation seeking scores were negatively correlated with right inferior frontal gyrus activity following reward prediction errors estimated using a computational model. Psychophysiological interactions demonstrated widespread cortical and subcortical connectivity during reward processing, including connectivity between reward-related regions with motor areas and the salience network. Males had more activation in left putamen, right precuneus, and middle temporal gyrus during reward anticipation. In summary, we found that, in adolescents, different reward processing stages during the MID task were robustly associated with distinctive patterns of activation and of connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Cao
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Bennett
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Orr
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ilknur Icke
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Anxiety and feedback processing in a gambling task: Contributions of time-frequency theta and delta. Biol Psychol 2018; 136:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Landes I, Bakos S, Kohls G, Bartling J, Schulte-Körne G, Greimel E. Altered neural processing of reward and punishment in adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:23-33. [PMID: 29475180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered reward and punishment function has been suggested as an important vulnerability factor for the development of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Prior ERP studies found evidence for neurophysiological dysfunctions in reinforcement processes in adults with MDD. To date, only few ERP studies have examined the neural underpinnings of reinforcement processing in adolescents diagnosed with MDD. The present event-related potential (ERP) study aimed to investigate neurophysiological mechanisms of anticipation and consumption of reward and punishment in adolescents with MDD in one comprehensive paradigm. METHOD During ERP recording, 25 adolescents with MDD and 29 healthy controls (12-17 years) completed a Monetary Incentive Delay Task comprising both a monetary reward and a monetary punishment condition. During anticipation, the cue-P3 signaling attentional allocation was recorded. During consumption, the feedback-P3 and Reward Positivity (RewP) were recorded to capture attentional allocation and outcome evaluation, respectively. RESULTS Compared to controls, adolescents with MDD showed prolonged cue-P3 latencies to reward cues. Furthermore, unlike controls, adolescents with MDD displayed shorter feedback-P3 latencies in the reward versus punishment condition. RewPs did not differ between groups. LIMITATIONS It remains unanswered whether the observed alterations in adolescent MDD represent a state or trait. CONCLUSIONS Delayed neural processing of reward cues corresponds to the clinical presentation of adolescent MDD with reduced motivational tendencies to obtain rewards. Relatively shorter feedback-P3 latencies in the reward versus punishment condition could indicate a high salience of performance-contingent reward. Frequent exposure of negatively biased adolescents with MDD to performance-contingent rewards might constitute a promising intervention approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Landes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Bakos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Webb CA, Olson EA, Killgore WDS, Pizzagalli DA, Rauch SL, Rosso IM. Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Morphology Predicts Treatment Response to Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:255-262. [PMID: 29486867 PMCID: PMC6005352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rostral and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (rACC and sgACC) activity and, to a lesser extent, volume have been shown to predict depressive symptom improvement across different antidepressant treatments. This study extends prior work by examining whether rACC and/or sgACC morphology predicts treatment response to Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for major depressive disorder. This is the first study to examine neural predictors of response to iCBT. METHODS Hierarchical linear modeling tested whether pretreatment rACC and sgACC volumes predicted depressive symptom improvement during a six-session (10-week) randomized clinical trial of iCBT (n = 35) versus a monitored attention control condition (n = 38). Analyses also tested whether pretreatment rACC and sgACC volumes differed between patients who achieved depression remission versus patients who did not remit. RESULTS Larger pretreatment right rACC volume was a significant predictor of greater depressive symptom improvement in iCBT even when controlling for demographic (age, gender, race) and clinical (baseline depression, anhedonia, and anxiety) variables previously linked to treatment response. In addition, pretreatment right rACC volume was larger among patients receiving iCBT whose depression eventually remitted relative to patients who did not remit. Corresponding analyses in the monitored attention control group and for the sgACC were not significant. CONCLUSIONS rACC volume before iCBT demonstrated incremental predictive validity beyond clinical and demographic variables previously found to predict symptom improvement. Such findings may help inform our understanding of the mediating anatomy of iCBT and, if replicated, may suggest neural targets to augment treatment response (e.g., via modulation of rACC function).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Webb
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth A Olson
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isabelle M Rosso
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Differential effects of real versus hypothetical monetary reward magnitude on risk-taking behavior and brain activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3712. [PMID: 29487303 PMCID: PMC5829218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human decisions are more easily affected by a larger amount of money than a smaller one. Although numerous studies have used hypothetical money as incentives to motivate human behavior, the validity of hypothetical versus real monetary rewards remains controversial. In the present study, we used event-related potential (ERP) with the balloon analogue risk task to investigate how magnitudes of real and hypothetical monetary rewards modulate risk-taking behavior and feedback-related negativity (FRN). Behavioral data showed that participants were more risk averse after negative feedback with increased magnitude of real monetary rewards, while no behavior differences were observed between large and small hypothetical monetary rewards. Similarly, ERP data showed a larger FRN in response to negative feedback during risk taking with large compared to small real monetary rewards, while no FRN differences were observed between large and small hypothetical monetary rewards. Moreover, FRN amplitude differences correlated with risk-taking behavior changes from small to large real monetary rewards, while such correlation was not observed for hypothetical monetary rewards. These findings suggest that the magnitudes of real and hypothetical monetary rewards have differential effects on risk-taking behavior and brain activity. Real and hypothetical money incentives may have different validity for modulating human decisions.
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35
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Li F, Wang J, Du B, Cao B. Electrophysiological Response to the Informative Value of Feedback Revealed in a Segmented Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Front Psychol 2018; 9:57. [PMID: 29459841 PMCID: PMC5807434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback has two main components. One is valence that indicates the wrong or correct behavior, and the other is the informative value that refers to what we can learn from feedback. Aimed to explore the neural distinction of these two components, we provided participants with a segmented Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, in which they received either positive or negative feedback at different steps. The informative value was manipulated in terms of the order of feedback presentation. The results of event-related potentials time-locked to the feedback presentation confirmed that valence of feedback was processed in a broad epoch, especially in the time window of feedback-related negativity (FRN), reflecting detection of correct or wrong card sorting behavior. In contrast, the informative value of positive and negative feedback was mainly processed in the P300, possibly reflecting information updating or hypothesis revision. These findings provide new evidence that informative values of feedback are processed by cognitive systems that differ from those of feedback valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Li
- Advanced Research Institute, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.,School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Bihua Cao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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36
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Eskelund K, Karstoft KI, Andersen SB. Anhedonia and emotional numbing in treatment-seeking veterans: behavioural and electrophysiological responses to reward. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2018; 9:1446616. [PMID: 29707167 PMCID: PMC5912443 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1446616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anhedonia is a common symptom following exposure to traumatic stress and a feature of the PTSD diagnosis. In depression research, anhedonia has been linked to deficits in reward functioning, reflected in behavioural and neural responses. Such deficits following exposure to trauma, however, are not well understood. Objective: The current study aims to estimate the associations between anhedonia, PTSD symptom-clusters and behavioural and electrophysiological responses to reward. Methods: Participants (N = 61) were recruited among Danish treatment-seeking veterans at the Department of Military Psychology in the Danish Defence. Before entering treatment, participants were screened with symptom measurement instruments and participated in a joint behavioural-electrophysiological experiment. The experimental paradigm consisted of a signal-detection task aimed at assessing reward-driven learning. Simultaneous electrophysiological-recordings were analysed to evaluate neural responses upon receiving reward, as indicated by the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) component. Result: Anhedonia as conceptualized in depression correlated with behavioural learning (r = -0.28, p = .032). Neither anhedonia nor behavioural learning correlated with FRN. However, the anhedonia symptom cluster of PTSD did correlate with FRN (r = 0.29, p = .023). Extending upon this in an exploratory analysis, the specific PTSD-symptom emotional numbing was found to correlate moderately with FRN (r = 0.38, p = .003). Conclusion: The present data suggest that anhedonia in trauma-exposed individuals is related to the anticipatory aspect of reward, whereas the neural consummatory reward response seems unlinked. Interestingly, emotional numbing in the same population is related to the consummatory phase of reward, correlating with the FRN response. This suggests that anhedonia and emotional numbing in response to trauma might pertain to different phases of reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Eskelund
- Department of Military Psychology, Danish Veteran Centre, Danish Defence, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research and Knowledge Centre, Danish Veteran Centre, Danish Defence, Ringsted, Denmark
| | - Karen-Inge Karstoft
- Research and Knowledge Centre, Danish Veteran Centre, Danish Defence, Ringsted, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soren B Andersen
- Research and Knowledge Centre, Danish Veteran Centre, Danish Defence, Ringsted, Denmark
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Vignapiano A, Mucci A, Merlotti E, Giordano GM, Amodio A, Palumbo D, Galderisi S. Impact of Reward and Loss Anticipation on Cognitive Control: An Event-Related Potential Study in Subjects With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:46-54. [PMID: 29243531 DOI: 10.1177/1550059417745935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deficits of cognitive functions and motivation are core aspects of schizophrenia. The interaction of these deficits might contribute to impair the ability to flexibly adjust behavior in accordance with one's intentions and goals. Many studies have focused on the anterior N2 as a correlate of cognitive control based on motivational value. AIMS Given the key role of motivation impairment in schizophrenia as a predictor of functional outcome, we aimed to study the impact of reward- and avoidance-based motivation on cognitive control using N2. METHOD Event-related potentials were recorded during the execution of the "Monetary Incentive Delay (MID)" task in 34 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) stabilized on second-generation antipsychotics and 22 healthy controls (HC). Cognitive domains were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Negative symptom domains (Avolition/apathy and Expressive deficit), as well as positive and disorganization dimensions were also assessed in SCZ. RESULTS We did not observe any group difference in N2 amplitude or latency. In HC, N2 amplitude was significantly larger for anticipation of large loss with regard to all reward conditions and for all incentive versus neutral conditions. In SCZ, N2 amplitude did not discriminate between large loss and reward or between incentive and neutral conditions. N2 amplitude was not correlated with psychopathological dimensions or MCCB-assessed cognitive deficits in SCZ. CONCLUSION Our data in HC are in line with the hypothesis that N2 amplitude reflects the impact of motivational salience on cognitive control. Our results in SCZ indicate a deficit in the discrimination of motivational salience to the service of cognitive control, independently of psychopathology and other cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Vignapiano
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Merlotti
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Giordano
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Amodio
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Palumbo
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Temporal dynamics of reward anticipation in the human brain. Biol Psychol 2017; 128:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Angus DJ, Latham AJ, Harmon‐Jones E, Deliano M, Balleine B, Braddon‐Mitchell D. Electrocortical components of anticipation and consumption in a monetary incentive delay task. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1686-1705. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Angus
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydney Australia
| | - Andrew J. Latham
- School of PhilosophyUniversity of SydneySydney Australia
- Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of SydneySydney Australia
| | | | - Matthias Deliano
- Department SystemphysiologyLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg Germany
| | - Bernard Balleine
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydney Australia
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40
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Li D, Meng L, Ma Q. Who Deserves My Trust? Cue-Elicited Feedback Negativity Tracks Reputation Learning in Repeated Social Interactions. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:307. [PMID: 28663727 PMCID: PMC5471337 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trust and trustworthiness contribute to reciprocal behavior and social relationship development. To make better decisions, people need to evaluate others’ trustworthiness. They often assess this kind of reputation by learning through repeated social interactions. The present event-related potential (ERP) study explored the reputation learning process in a repeated trust game where subjects made multi-round decisions of investment to different partners. We found that subjects gradually learned to discriminate trustworthy partners from untrustworthy ones based on how often their partners reciprocated the investment, which was indicated by their own investment decisions. Besides, electrophysiological data showed that the faces of the untrustworthy partners induced larger feedback negativity (FN) amplitude than those of the trustworthy partners, but only in the late phase of the game. The ERP results corresponded with the behavioral pattern and revealed that the learned trustworthiness differentiation was coded by the cue-elicited FN component. Consistent with previous research, our findings suggest that the anterior cue-elicited FN reflects the reputation appraisal and tracks the reputation learning process in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Li
- School of Management, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Beijing Xinsight Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies UniversityShanghai, China.,Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- School of Management, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Institute of Neural Management Sciences, Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou, China
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41
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Luking KR, Neiman JS, Luby JL, Barch DM. Reduced Hedonic Capacity/Approach Motivation Relates to Blunted Responsivity to Gain and Loss Feedback in Children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2017; 46:450-462. [PMID: 25749348 PMCID: PMC4561215 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2015.1012721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents and adults with major depressive disorder or elevated depressive symptoms show reduced reward responses and tend to show enhanced responses to negative stimuli. However, reward-related behaviors and adaptive responses to negative feedback undergo dramatic changes across puberty. Thus, key questions remain regarding how altered incentive processing relates to depressive and anhedonic symptoms in prepubertal child populations. Twenty-four nonclinical prepubertal children 7-10 years of age (15 male; 16 Caucasian) completed two signal detection tasks that assessed behavioral responsivity to candy gain and loss feedback, respectively. These tasks were based on Pizzagalli's probabilistic reward task where asymmetric feedback leads to greater bias toward the more frequently rewarded response in more hedonic or nondepressed adults. We further modified the task to create a version where incorrect responses could result in losses from an original allotment of candy. Children and parents/guardians also completed individual difference questionnaires to assess the child's depressive symptoms, general affect, and hedonic capacity/approach motivation. Regressions indicated a relation between hedonic capacity/approach motivation (child self-report) and response bias in both gain and loss tasks. No significant relations were observed between depressive (child self-report), internalizing (parent report), or externalizing symptoms (parent report) and bias in either the gain or loss task in this small sample. These results suggest that reduced hedonic capacity/approach motivation is associated with blunted responses to both gain and loss feedback in prepubertal children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Luking
- a Department of Biology and Biomedical Sciences , Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jamie S Neiman
- b Department of Psychology , Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Joan L Luby
- c Department of Psychiatry , Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Deanna M Barch
- d Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology , Washington University in St. Louis
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Neural mechanisms of reward processing associated with depression-related personality traits. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1184-1196. [PMID: 28521266 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although impaired reward processing in depression has been well-documented, the exact nature of that deficit remains poorly understood. To investigate the link between depression and the neural mechanisms of reward processing, we examined individual differences in personality. METHODS We recorded the electroencephalogram from healthy college students engaged in a probabilistic reinforcement learning task. Participants also completed several personality questionnaires that assessed traits related to reward sensitivity, motivation, and depression. We examined whether behavioral measures of reward learning and event-related potential components related to outcome processing and reward anticipation-namely, the cue and feedback-related reward positivity (RewP) and the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN)-would link these personality traits to depression. RESULTS Participants who scored high in reward sensitivity produced a relatively larger feedback-RewP. By contrast, participants who scored high in depression learned the contingencies for infrequently rewarded cue-response combinations relatively poorly, exhibited a larger SPN, and produced a smaller feedback-RewP, especially to outcomes following cue-response combinations that were frequently rewarded. CONCLUSION These results point to a primary deficit in reward valuation in individuals who score high in depression, with secondary consequences that impact reward learning and anticipation. SIGNIFICANCE Despite recent evidence arguing for an anticipatory deficit in depression, impaired reward valuation as a primary deficit should be further examined in clinical samples.
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Howsley P, Levita L. Anticipatory representations of reward and threat in perceptual areas from preadolescence to late adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 25:246-259. [PMID: 28359682 PMCID: PMC6987791 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether changes in perceptual processes can partially account for the increase in reward-orientated behaviour during adolescence. This was investigated by examining reinforcement-dependent potentiation to discriminative stimuli (SD) that predicted rewarding or threatening outcomes. To that end, perceptual event-related potentials that are modulated by motivationally salient stimuli, the N170 and Late Positive Potential (LPP), were recorded from 30 preadolescents (9–12 years), 30 adolescents (13–17 years), and 34 late adolescents (18–23 years) while they completed an instrumental task in which they emitted or omitted a motor response to obtain rewards and avoid losses. The LPP, but not the N170, showed age, but not gender, differences in reinforcement-dependent potentiation; preadolescents, adolescents, and late adolescents showed potentiation to SD that predicted a threat, whereas only preadolescents showed potentiation to SD that predicted a reward. Notably, the magnitude of threat-related LPP reinforcement-dependent potentiation decreased during the course of adolescence. In addition, greater sensation seeking was associated with greater LPP amplitudes in preadolescent males, but smaller LPP amplitudes in late adolescent males. Critically, these findings provide initial evidence for developmental differences in value-related coding in perceptual areas, where adolescents show greater perceptual biases to avoidance-related cues than to reward-related cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Howsley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S1 2LT, United Kingdom.
| | - Liat Levita
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S1 2LT, United Kingdom.
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Zheng Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, Li Q, Shen H, Gao Q, Zhou S. Reward processing in gain versus loss context: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1040-1053. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science; Institute of Psychology; Beijing China
- Department of Psychology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Public Health; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Huijuan Shen
- Department of Psychology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Qianhui Gao
- Department of Psychology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
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Holroyd CB, Umemoto A. The research domain criteria framework: The case for anterior cingulate cortex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:418-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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46
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Pornpattananangkul N, Nusslock R. Willing to wait: Elevated reward-processing EEG activity associated with a greater preference for larger-but-delayed rewards. Neuropsychologia 2016; 91:141-162. [PMID: 27477630 PMCID: PMC5110616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While almost everyone discounts the value of future rewards over immediate rewards, people differ in their so-called delay-discounting. One of the several factors that may explain individual differences in delay-discounting is reward-processing. To study individual-differences in reward-processing, however, one needs to consider the heterogeneity of neural-activity at each reward-processing stage. Here using EEG, we separated reward-related neural activity into distinct reward-anticipation and reward-outcome stages using time-frequency characteristics. Thirty-seven individuals first completed a behavioral delay-discounting task. Then reward-processing EEG activity was assessed using a separate reward-learning task, called a reward time-estimation task. During this EEG task, participants were instructed to estimate time duration and were provided performance feedback on a trial-by-trial basis. Participants received monetary-reward for accurate-performance on Reward trials, but not on No-Reward trials. Reward trials, relative to No-Reward trials, enhanced EEG activity during both reward-anticipation (including, cued-locked delta power during cue-evaluation and pre-feedback alpha suppression during feedback-anticipation) and reward-outcome (including, feedback-locked delta, theta and beta power) stages. Moreover, all of these EEG indices correlated with behavioral performance in the time-estimation task, suggesting their essential roles in learning and adjusting performance to maximize winnings in a reward-learning situation. Importantly, enhanced EEG power during Reward trials, as reflected by stronger 1) pre-feedback alpha suppression, 2) feedback-locked theta and 3) feedback-locked beta, was associated with a greater preference for larger-but-delayed rewards in a separate, behavioral delay-discounting task. Results highlight the association between a stronger preference toward larger-but-delayed rewards and enhanced reward-processing. Moreover, our reward-processing EEG indices detail the specific stages of reward-processing where these associations occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narun Pornpattananangkul
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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47
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The effect of a dopamine antagonist on conditioning of sexual arousal in women. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1179-89. [PMID: 26832339 PMCID: PMC4801988 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dopamine (DA) plays a key role in reward-seeking behaviours. Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that human sexual reward learning may also depend on DA transmission. However, research on the role of DA in human sexual reward learning is completely lacking. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether DA antagonism attenuates classical conditioning of sexual response in humans. METHODS Healthy women were randomly allocated to one of two treatment conditions: haloperidol (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29). A differential conditioning paradigm was applied with genital vibrostimulation as unconditional stimulus (US) and neutral pictures as conditional stimuli (CSs). Genital arousal was assessed, and ratings of affective value and subjective sexual arousal were obtained. RESULTS Haloperidol administration affected unconditional genital responding. However, no significant effects of medication were found for conditioned responding. CONCLUSIONS No firm conclusions can be drawn about whether female sexual reward learning implicates DA transmission since the results do not lend themselves to unambiguous interpretation.
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48
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Pornpattananangkul N, Nusslock R. Motivated to win: Relationship between anticipatory and outcome reward-related neural activity. Brain Cogn 2015; 100:21-40. [PMID: 26433773 PMCID: PMC4637189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reward-processing involves two temporal stages characterized by two distinct neural processes: reward-anticipation and reward-outcome. Intriguingly, very little research has examined the relationship between neural processes involved in reward-anticipation and reward-outcome. To investigate this, one needs to consider the heterogeneity of reward-processing within each stage. To identify different stages of reward processing, we adapted a reward time-estimation task. While EEG data were recorded, participants were instructed to button-press 3.5s after the onset of an Anticipation-Cue and received monetary reward for good time-estimation on the Reward trials, but not on No-Reward trials. We first separated reward-anticipation into event related potentials (ERPs) occurring at three sub-stages: reward/no-reward cue-evaluation, motor-preparation and feedback-anticipation. During reward/no-reward cue-evaluation, the Reward-Anticipation Cue led to a smaller N2 and larger P3. During motor-preparation, we report, for the first time, that the Reward-Anticipation Cue enhanced the Readiness Potential (RP), starting approximately 1s before movement. At the subsequent feedback-anticipation stage, the Reward-Anticipation Cue elevated the Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN). We also separated reward-outcome ERPs into different components occurring at different time-windows: the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN), Feedback-P3 (FB-P3) and Late-Positive Potentials (LPP). Lastly, we examined the relationship between reward-anticipation and reward-outcome ERPs. We report that individual-differences in specific reward-anticipation ERPs uniquely predicted specific reward-outcome ERPs. In particular, the reward-anticipation Early-RP (1-.8s before movement) predicted early reward-outcome ERPs (FRN and FB-P3), whereas, the reward-anticipation SPN most strongly predicted a later reward-outcome ERP (LPP). Results have important implications for understanding the nature of the relationship between reward-anticipation and reward-outcome neural-processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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The impact of an unpredictable context and intolerance of uncertainty on the electrocortical response to monetary gains and losses. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 16:153-63. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Angus DJ, Kemkes K, Schutter DJLG, Harmon-Jones E. Anger is associated with reward-related electrocortical activity: Evidence from the reward positivity. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1271-80. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Angus
- School of Psychology; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- School of Psychology; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Kevin Kemkes
- School of Psychology; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J. L. G. Schutter
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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