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Aktar E, Venetikidi M, Bockstaele BV, Giessen DVD, Pérez-Edgar K. Pupillary Responses to Dynamic Negative Versus Positive Facial Expressions of Emotion in Children and Parents: Links to Depression and Anxiety. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22522. [PMID: 38967122 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Witnessing emotional expressions in others triggers physiological arousal in humans. The current study focused on pupil responses to emotional expressions in a community sample as a physiological index of arousal and attention. We explored the associations between parents' and offspring's responses to dynamic facial expressions of emotion, as well as the links between pupil responses and anxiety/depression. Children (N = 90, MAge = 10.13, range = 7.21-12.94, 47 girls) participated in this lab study with one of their parents (47 mothers). Pupil responses were assessed in a computer task with dynamic happy, angry, fearful, and sad expressions, while participants verbally labeled the emotion displayed on the screen as quickly as possible. Parents and children reported anxiety and depression symptoms in questionnaires. Both parents and children showed stronger pupillary responses to negative versus positive expressions, and children's responses were overall stronger than those of parents. We also found links between the pupil responses of parents and children to negative, especially to angry faces. Child pupil responses were related to their own and their parents' anxiety levels and to their parents' (but not their own) depression. We conclude that child pupils are sensitive to individual differences in parents' pupils and emotional dispositions in community samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evin Aktar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Venetikidi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van Bockstaele
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle van der Giessen
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koraly Pérez-Edgar
- Child Study Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Liu Z, Wang Z, Cao B, Li F. Pupillary response to cognitive control in depression-prone individuals. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 205:112426. [PMID: 39214257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Revealing the pupillary correlates of depression-prone individuals is conducive to the early intervention and treatment of depression. This study recruited 31 depression-prone and 31 healthy individuals. They completed an emotional task-switching task combined with a go/no-go task, and task-evoked pupillary responses (TEPR) were recorded. Behavioral results showed no significant differences in behavioral performance in terms of cognitive flexibility and inhibition between the depression-prone group and the healthy control group. The pupillary results revealed that (1) the depression-prone group showed slightly lower TEPRs to positive stimuli than the healthy controls during cue presentation; (2) during target presentation, the depression-prone group did not show an effect of emotional valence on the pupillary response in the task-repeat trials; and (3) compared to the healthy controls, the depression-prone group showed significantly smaller TEPRs to negative no-go stimuli and had a longer latency of the second peak of pupil dilation in no-go trials. These results imply that depression-prone individuals may have slower neural responses in cognitive control tasks and emotion-specific weakened cognitive control than healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Liu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China; School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China; School of Humanities and Management, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Bihua Cao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China.
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Teng CL, Cong L, Wang W, Cheng S, Wu M, Dang WT, Jia M, Ma J, Xu J, Hu WD. Disrupted properties of functional brain networks in major depressive disorder during emotional face recognition: an EEG study via graph theory analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1338765. [PMID: 38415279 PMCID: PMC10897049 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1338765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain networks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in emotional processing. While any cognitive task consists of a series of stages, little is yet known about the topology of functional brain networks in MDD for these stages during emotional face recognition. To address this problem, electroencephalography (EEG)-based functional brain networks of MDD patients at different stages of facial information processing were investigated in this study. First, EEG signals were collected from 16 patients with MDD and 18 age-, gender-, and education-matched normal subjects when performing an emotional face recognition task. Second, the global field power (GFP) method was employed to divide group-averaged event-related potentials into different stages. Third, using the phase transfer entropy (PTE) approach, the brain networks of MDD patients and normal individuals were constructed for each stage in negative and positive face processing, respectively. Finally, we compared the topological properties of brain networks of each stage between the two groups using graph theory approaches. The results showed that the analyzed three stages of emotional face processing corresponded to specific neurophysiological phases, namely, visual perception, face recognition, and emotional decision-making. It was also demonstrated that depressed patients showed abnormally decreased characteristic path length at the visual perception stage of negative face recognition and normalized characteristic path length in the stage of emotional decision-making during positive face processing compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, while both the MDD and normal groups' brain networks were found to exhibit small-world network characteristics, the brain network of patients with depression tended to be randomized. Moreover, for patients with MDD, the centro-parietal region may lose its status as a hub in the process of facial expression identification. Together, our findings suggested that altered emotional function in MDD patients might be associated with disruptions in the topological organization of functional brain networks during emotional face recognition, which further deepened our understanding of the emotion processing dysfunction underlying MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Lin Teng
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Cheng
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Tao Dang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Dong Hu
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Citrenbaum C, Corlier J, Ngo D, Vince-Cruz N, Wilson A, Wilke SA, Krantz D, Tadayonnejad R, Ginder N, Levitt J, Lee JH, Leuchter MK, Strouse TB, Corse A, Vyas P, Leuchter AF. Pretreatment pupillary reactivity is associated with differential early response to 10 Hz and intermittent theta-burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1566-1571. [PMID: 37863389 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Two common rTMS protocols, 10 Hz and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), have comparable rates of efficacy in groups of patients. Recent evidence suggests that some individuals may be more likely to benefit from one form of stimulation than the other. The pretreatment pupillary light reflex (PLR) is significantly associated with response to a full course of rTMS using heterogeneous stimulation protocols. OBJECTIVE To test whether the relationship between pretreatment PLR and early symptom improvement differed between subjects treated with iTBS or 10 Hz stimulation. METHODS PLR was measured in 52 subjects who received solely 10 Hz (n = 35) or iTBS (n = 17) to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for the first ten sessions of their treatment course. Primary outcome measure was the percent change of Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self Report (IDS-SR) from session 1 to session 10. RESULTS There was a positive association between normalized maximum constriction velocity (nMCV) and early improvement in subjects receiving 10 Hz stimulation (R = 0.48, p = 0.004) and a negative association in subjects receiving iTBS (R = -0.52, p = 0.03). ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between nMCV and the type of initial stimulation (p = 0.001). Among subjects with low nMCV, those initially treated with iTBS showed 2.6 times greater improvement after 10 sessions (p = 0.01) than subjects initially receiving 10 Hz stimulation. CONCLUSION nMCV may detect physiologic differences between those likely to benefit from 10 Hz or iTBS treatment. Future studies should examine whether PLR could guide prospective treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Citrenbaum
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Doan Ngo
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Nikita Vince-Cruz
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Andrew Wilson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Scott A Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - David Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA; Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Jennifer Levitt
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - John H Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Michael K Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Thomas B Strouse
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Andrew Corse
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Pooja Vyas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
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5
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Liu P, Tan JXY. Incremental validity of ERP correlates of self-referential processing in predicting emerging depressive symptoms in late childhood: Evidence from a community-dwelling sample. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14382. [PMID: 37392027 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Depressogenic self-referential processing (e.g., self-schemas reflecting shallower processing of positive, and deeper processing of negative, self-descriptive words) is an established cognitive vulnerability to depression. Alterations of event-related potentials (ERPs) during self-referential processing have been observed in adolescents with depression risk or clinical depression. However, no study has examined ERPs associated with self-referential processing in typical-risk youth with emerging depressive symptoms during late childhood, a high-risk period for depression. It is also unclear to what extent ERPs provide incremental validity in predicting symptoms beyond performance on self-referential processing tasks. Sixty-five community-dwelling children (38 girls; mean age/SD = 11.02/1.59 years) completed a self-referent encoding task (SRET) with EEG recorded. Children showed a larger P2 and a larger late positive potential (LPP) in response to positive SRET stimuli versus negative stimuli. Hierarchical regression showed that in the positive condition only, including ERP correlates (P1, P2, LPP) and interactions between the ERPs and positive SRET score increased the explained variation in depressive symptoms beyond behavioral SRET performance. The LPP in response to positive words was associated with lower depressive symptoms. The P1 and P2 in response to positive words interacted with positive SRET score, such that the association between positive SRET score and symptoms was significant in children with greater P1 but smaller P2. We provide novel evidence supporting the incremental validity of ERPs beyond behavioral makers in predicting emerging depressive symptoms in children. Our findings also highlight the moderating role of ERP activity in strengthening the association between behavioral markers of self-schemas and depressive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jaron X Y Tan
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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6
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Citrenbaum C, Corlier J, Ngo D, Vince-Cruz N, Wilson A, Wilke S, Krantz D, Tadayonnejad R, Ginder N, Levitt J, Lee JH, Strouse T, Corse A, Vyas P, Leuchter AF. Pretreatment pupillary reactivity is associated with outcome of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). J Affect Disord 2023; 339:412-417. [PMID: 37437737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-treatment biomarkers for outcome of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have proven elusive. One promising family of biomarkers involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is dysregulated in individuals with MDD. METHODS We examined the relationship between the pre-treatment pupillary light reflex (PLR) and rTMS outcome in 51 MDD patients. Outcome was measured as the percent change in the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Rated (IDS-SR) score from baseline to treatment 30. RESULTS Patients showed significant improvement with rTMS treatment. There was a significant correlation between baseline pupillary Constriction Amplitude (CA) and clinical improvement over the treatment course (R = 0.41, p = 0.003). LIMITATIONS We examined a limited number of subjects who received heterogeneous treatment protocols. Almost all patients in the study received psychotropic medications concomitant with rTMS treatment. CONCLUSION PLR measured before treatment may be a predictive biomarker for clinical improvement from rTMS in subjects with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Citrenbaum
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Doan Ngo
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Nikita Vince-Cruz
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Andrew Wilson
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Scott Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - David Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Jennifer Levitt
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - John H Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Thomas Strouse
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Andrew Corse
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | | | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Sandre A, Park J, Freeman C, Banica I, Ethridge P, Weinberg A. Chronic stress in peer relationships moderates the association between pubertal development and neural response to emotional faces in adolescence. Biol Psychol 2023; 181:108612. [PMID: 37301427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of heightened risk for multiple forms of psychopathology, partly due to greater exposure to interpersonal stress. One way that interpersonal stress may increase risk for psychopathology is by altering the normative development of neural systems that support socio-affective processing. The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential component that reflects sustained attention to motivationally-salient information and is a promising marker of risk for stress-related psychopathology. However, it is not clear how the LPP to socio-affective information changes across adolescence, nor whether exposure to stress with peers interferes with normative developmental differences in the LPP to socio-affective content during this period. In 92 adolescent girls (10-19 years old), we assessed the LPP to task-irrelevant emotional and neutral faces, as well as behavioural measures of interference following the presentation of these faces. Adolescents at more advanced stages of puberty showed a smaller LPP to emotional faces, but adolescents exposed to greater peer stress exhibited a larger LPP to these stimuli. Additionally, for girls exposed to lower levels of peer stress, more advanced pubertal development was associated with a smaller LPP to emotional faces, whereas for girls exposed to higher levels of peer stress, the association between pubertal development and the LPP to emotional faces was not significant. Neither stress nor pubertal stage was significantly associated with behavioural measures. Combined, these data suggest that one pathway through which stress exposure increases risk for psychopathology during adolescence is by interfering with the normative development of socio-affective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Clara Freeman
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Iulia Banica
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Paige Ethridge
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
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Chumachenko SY, McVoy M. A narrative review and discussion of concepts and ongoing data regarding quantitative EEG as a childhood mood disorder biomarker. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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9
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Liu P, Tan JXY. Behavioral and ERP indices of self-schematic processing show differential associations with emerging symptoms of depression and social anxiety in late childhood: Evidence from a community-dwelling sample. Biol Psychol 2023; 180:108594. [PMID: 37247814 PMCID: PMC10357463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of depression and social anxiety elevate in late childhood. An identified cognitive risk to both depression and social anxiety is maladaptive self-schemas (or self-schematic processing). Beyond the behavioral indices of this construct, event-related potentials (ERPs) during self-schematic processing have also been observed to be associated with depression or depressive symptoms. However, no study has examined the ERPs underlying self-schematic processing in relation to social anxiety. More importantly, it was unclear to what extent behavioral and ERP indices of self-schematic processing were differentially associated with depression and social anxiety, especially in typical-risk youth with emerging symptoms. A hundred and fifteen community-dwelling children (66 girls; Mean age=10.91 years, SD=1.45) completed a self-referent encoding task (SRET) with EEG recorded. A Principal Component Analysis identified a late positive potential (LPP) component elicited in both the positive and negative SRET conditions. Multivariate multiple regression showed that in both conditions, behavioral SRET scores were associated with depressive symptoms while partialling out social anxiety symptoms, but not with social anxiety symptoms with depressive symptoms partialled out. The LPP amplitude elicited in both conditions showed marginally positive associations with social anxiety symptoms while partialling out depressive symptoms, but not with depressive symptoms while accounting for social anxiety. This study provides novel evidence concerning the ERP correlates of self-schematic processing in relation to social anxiety symptoms. More importantly, our findings for the first time speak to the differential associations between the behavioral SRET scores and SRET-elicited LPP and emerging symptoms of depression and social anxiety in late childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
| | - Jaron X Y Tan
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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10
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Yang X, Fridman AJ, Unsworth N, Casement MD. Pupillary motility responses to affectively salient stimuli in individuals with depression or elevated risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105125. [PMID: 36924842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Elaborative affective processing is observed in depression, and pupillary reactivity, a continuous, sensitive, and reliable indicator of physiological arousal and neurocognitive processing, is increasingly utilized in studies of depression-related characteristics. As a first attempt to quantitively summarize existing evidence on depression-related pupillary reactivity alterations, this review and meta-analysis evaluated the direction, magnitude, and specificity of pupillary indices of affective processing towards positively, negatively, and neutrally-valenced stimuli among individuals diagnosed with depression or with elevated risk of depression. Studies on pupillary responses to affective stimuli in the target groups were identified in PsycINFO and PubMed databases. Twenty-two articles met inclusion criteria for the qualitative review and 16 for the quantitative review. Three-level frequentist and Bayesian models were applied to summarize pooled effects from baseline-controlled stimuli-induced average changes in pupillary responses. In general, compared to non-depressed individuals, individuals with depression or elevated risk of depression exhibited higher pupillary reactivity (d =0.15) towards negatively-valenced stimuli during affective processing. Pupillary motility towards negatively-valenced stimuli may be a promising trait-like marker for depression vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
| | - Andrew J Fridman
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
| | - Nash Unsworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
| | - Melynda D Casement
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
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11
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Ligeza TS, Maciejczyk M, Wyczesany M, Junghofer M. The effects of a single aerobic exercise session on mood and neural emotional reactivity in depressed and healthy young adults: A late positive potential study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14137. [PMID: 35790005 PMCID: PMC10078493 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Depression has been characterized by lowered mood and unfavorable changes in neural emotional reactivity (altered brain responses to emotional stimuli). Physical exercise is a well-established strategy to improve the mood of healthy and depressed individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that exercise might also improve emotional reactivity in healthy adults by increasing or decreasing brain responses to positive or negative stimuli, respectively. It is unknown, however, if exercise could also benefit emotional reactivity in depressed individuals. We investigated the effects of a single aerobic exercise session on mood and emotional reactivity in 24 depressed and 24 matched healthy young adults. Self-reported mood and neural reactivity to emotional pictures (indexed by the EEG late positive potential, LPP) were assessed before and after two experimental protocols: exercise (36 min of moderate-intensity exercise at 75% of maximal heart rate) and seated rest condition (36 min). In the healthy control group, exercise improved self-reported mood and neural emotional reactivity (increasing LPP to positive pictures). In the depressed group, exercise improved self-reported mood; however, it did not affect neural emotional reactivity. Additional analyses performed on both groups revealed that exercise-induced changes in emotional reactivity are associated with the severity of depressive symptoms: the effectiveness of exercise in improving emotional reactivity decreases with the severity of depressive symptoms. Overall, the study further strengthens the claim of a beneficial role of exercise on mood and emotional reactivity. It also suggests that a single aerobic exercise session might have a limited influence on neural emotional reactivity in depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz S. Ligeza
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of PsychologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and SportUniversity of Physical EducationKrakówPoland
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of PsychologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Markus Junghofer
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal analysisUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
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12
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Slovák M, Anýž J, Erlebach J, Sieger T, Forejtová Z, Fabián V, Rošíková T, Nováková L, Růžička E, Edwards MJ, Serranová T. Emotional arousal in patients with functional movement disorders: A pupillometry study. J Psychosom Res 2022; 162:111043. [PMID: 36166959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathophysiology explanations for functional movement disorders often assume a role for emotional hyperarousal. Pupillometry is a validated method for evaluation of emotional arousal by detecting changes in pupil size in response to emotional stimuli. In a case-control study design, we aimed to study objective and subjective emotional arousal using pupillometry and affective ratings. To assess attentional engagement by affective stimuli, we used videooculographic tracking of eye movement patterns (scanpath). METHODS Twenty-five female patients with functional movement disorders (mean age: 40.9 [SD 12.7] years) and 23 age matched healthy female controls participated in the study. Using infrared high-resolution eye-tracker, both pupil size and eye movement pattern in response to emotionally charged erotic, adventure, threat, victim, and neutral pictures were recorded along with subjective ratings of emotional valence and arousal of the presented pictures. RESULTS A between-group comparison showed significantly smaller pupil dilation to adventure stimuli compared to neutral stimuli in patients compared to controls (P < 0.004, bootstrap, uncorr., adj. η2 = 0.00). No significant difference in pupillary response to other stimuli and scanpath parameters was found between the groups. Patients rated significantly lower emotional arousal to erotic pictures than controls (P < 0.001, bootstrap, uncorr., adj. η2 = 0.09). CONCLUSION This study did not find evidence of autonomous or subjective emotional hyperarousal. The mismatch between objective autonomic measures and subjective arousal ratings in patients is of pathophysiological interest and in line with recent findings of impaired interoception in functional movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Slovák
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Anýž
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Department of Cybernetics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonáš Erlebach
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Department of Economics, Management and Humanities, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Sieger
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Department of Cybernetics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Forejtová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Fabián
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Department of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Rošíková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Nováková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evžen Růžička
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark J Edwards
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, Neuroscience Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tereza Serranová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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El Haj M, Lenoble Q, Moustafa AA. The pupil and myself: pupil dilation during retrieval of self-defining memories. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5259-5265. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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14
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Feurer C, Granros M, Calentino AE, Suor JH, Burkhouse KL. Risk for youth anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: The interactive impact of financial stress and prepandemic electrocortical reactivity to negative self-referential stimuli. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22250. [PMID: 35312058 PMCID: PMC8943894 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that stress exposure increases risk for internalizing symptoms in youth, it remains unclear which youth are most vulnerable. This study examined whether youth's prepandemic late positive potential (LPP), an electrocortical marker of sustained attention to affective stimuli, exacerbated the impact of stress on prospective increases in depression and anxiety symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 29 youth (ages 9-16, 82.8% girls) who completed depression and anxiety symptom measures and an affective words task to assess LPP to positive and negative self-referential stimuli prepandemic onset. Postpandemic onset, approximately 16.03 months (SD = 8.86) after their baseline assessments, youth again completed symptom measures as well as the UCLA Life Stress Interview to assess ongoing social and financial chronic stress. Results indicated a significant interaction between youth LPP to negative words and financial stress. Greater exposure to financial stress during the pandemic predicted greater anxiety symptom increases specifically for youth who demonstrated enhanced prepandemic LPP to negative words. Results were specific to the prediction of anxiety, but not depression, symptoms. If replicated in larger studies, findings highlight enhanced LPP to negative stimuli as a promising target for intervention for youth exposed to greater financial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cope Feurer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Maria Granros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Alison E. Calentino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jennifer H. Suor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Katie L. Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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15
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Little evidence for a reduced late positive potential to unpleasant stimuli in major depressive disorder. NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Lamy E, El Haj M. Increased Pupil Size during Future Thinking in a Subject with Retrograde Amnesia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:115. [PMID: 35053858 PMCID: PMC8773609 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has assessed pupil size during past thinking in patients with retrograde amnesia. Building on this research, we assessed pupil size during future thinking in a retrograde amnesia patient. To this end, we measured pupil size during past and future thinking in L, a 19-year-old, right-handed man free of neurological/psychiatric disorders except for retrograde amnesia that occurred after an episode of fugue. During a past thinking condition, we invited L to retrieve retrograde events (i.e., events that occurred before amnesia) and anterograde events (i.e., events that occurred after amnesia). During a future thinking condition, we invited him to imagine events that might occur the following week, the following month, and in the new year. Past and future thinking occurred while L's pupil size was monitored with eye-tracking glasses. L demonstrated higher specificity during future than during past thinking. Critically, the results demonstrated a larger pupil size during future than during past thinking. The larger pupil size during future thinking observed in L can be attributed to the high cognitive load involved in future thinking. Our study not only demonstrates preserved future thinking in a patient with dissociative retrograde amnesia, but also shows that pupillometry can be used for the physiological assessment of future thinking in retrograde amnesia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- CHU de Nantes, Inserm CIC04, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.B.-B.); (E.L.)
- CHU de Nantes, Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Lamy
- CHU de Nantes, Inserm CIC04, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.B.-B.); (E.L.)
- CHU de Nantes, Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, 44000 Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 59200 Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
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17
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Ferencová N, Višňovcová Z, Bona Olexová L, Tonhajzerová I. Eye pupil – a window into central autonomic regulation via emotional/cognitive processing. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
If the eyes are windows into the soul, then the pupils represent at least the gateway to the brain and can provide a unique insight into the human mind from several aspects. The changes in the pupil size primarily mediated by different lighting conditions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system regulated predominantly at the subcortical level. Specifically, parasympathetically-linked pupillary constriction is under the Edinger-Westphal nucleus control and sympathetically-mediated pupillary dilation is regulated from the posterior hypothalamic nuclei. However, the changes in the pupil size can be observed at resting state even under constant lighting, these pupillary changes are mediated by global arousal level as well as by various cognitive factors. In this context, autonomic pathways modulating changes in the pupil size in response to the different light levels can be influenced by multiple central descending inputs driving pupillary changes under steady lighting conditions. Moreover, as the pupillary response is involved in emotional (task-evoked pupillary dilation as an index of emotional arousal) and cognitive (task-evoked pupillary dilation as an index of cognitive workload) stimulation, it can be used to detect the impact of mutual subcortical and cortical structures (i.e. overlapping brain structures included in autonomic, emotional and cognitive regulation) on the pupillary innervation system. Thus, complex understanding of the baseline pupil size´ and pupillary dynamics´ mechanisms may provide an important insight into the central nervous system functioning pointing to the pupillometry as a promising tool in the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - I Tonhajzerová
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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18
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Ferencová N, Višňovcová Z, Bona Olexová L, Tonhajzerová I. Eye pupil - a window into central autonomic regulation via emotional/cognitive processing. Physiol Res 2021; 70:S669-S682. [PMID: 35199551 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
If the eyes are windows into the soul, then the pupils represent at least the gateway to the brain and can provide a unique insight into the human mind from several aspects. The changes in the pupil size primarily mediated by different lighting conditions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system regulated predominantly at the subcortical level. Specifically, parasympathetically-linked pupillary constriction is under the Edinger-Westphal nucleus control and sympathetically-mediated pupillary dilation is regulated from the posterior hypothalamic nuclei. However, the changes in the pupil size can be observed at resting state even under constant lighting, these pupillary changes are mediated by global arousal level as well as by various cognitive factors. In this context, autonomic pathways modulating changes in the pupil size in response to the different light levels can be influenced by multiple central descending inputs driving pupillary changes under steady lighting conditions. Moreover, as the pupillary response is involved in emotional (task-evoked pupillary dilation as an index of emotional arousal) and cognitive (task-evoked pupillary dilation as an index of cognitive workload) stimulation, it can be used to detect the impact of mutual subcortical and cortical structures (i.e. overlapping brain structures included in autonomic, emotional and cognitive regulation) on the pupillary innervation system. Thus, complex understanding of the baseline pupil size´ and pupillary dynamics´ mechanisms may provide an important insight into the central nervous system functioning pointing to the pupillometry as a promising tool in the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ferencová
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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19
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Development of emotion processing and regulation: Insights from event-related potentials and implications for internalizing disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 170:121-132. [PMID: 34656703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emotionally-salient stimuli receive selective attention and elicit complex neural responses that evolve considerably across development. Event-related potentials (ERPs) optimally capture the dynamics of emotion processing and regulation, with sensitivity to detect changes in magnitude, latency, and maximal location across development. In this selective qualitative review, we summarize evidence of developmental changes in neural reactivity to emotional stimuli and modulation of neural responses during emotion regulation indexed by ERPs across infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The cumulative ERP literature suggests the transition from childhood to adulthood is characterized by a gradual decrease in neural reactivity to emotional stimuli and increased efficiency in attentional allocation towards emotional stimuli. Some studies show sensitivity to emotional stimuli peaks in adolescence, but the evidence is mixed. While both early (<300 ms) and late (>300 ms) ERPs demonstrate sensitivity to emotional stimuli, emotional modulation is more consistently observed in relatively later ERPs across development. The literature additionally shows improvements in regulation abilities across development, though ERP research on developmental changes in emotion regulation is still relatively limited, highlighting a critical direction for future research. Finally, we briefly discuss changes in emotion-related ERPs relevant to the emergence of depression and anxiety. Findings from this review indicate that ERPs provide abundant information about the development of emotion processing and regulation, with potential clinical utility for detecting early-emerging vulnerabilities for internalizing forms of psychopathology.
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20
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Kanovský M, Halamová J, Strnádelová B, Moro R, Bielikova M. Pupil size variation in primary facial expressions–testing potential biomarker of self-criticism. Artif Intell Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10462-021-10057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Iffland B, Klein F, Schindler S, Kley H, Neuner F. "She finds you abhorrent" - The impact of emotional context information on the cortical processing of neutral faces in depression. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:426-444. [PMID: 33721228 PMCID: PMC8121719 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with abnormalities in patterns of information processing, particularly in the context of processing of interpersonal information. The present study was designed to investigate the differences in depressive individuals in cortical processing of facial stimuli when neutral faces were presented in a context that involved information about emotional valence as well as self-reference. In 21 depressive patients and 20 healthy controls, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the presentation of neutral facial expressions, which were accompanied by affective context information that was either self- or other-related. Across conditions, depressive patients showed larger mean P100 amplitudes than healthy controls. Furthermore, mean late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes of depressive patients were larger in response to faces in self-related than in other-related context. In addition, irrespective of self-reference, mean LPP responses of depressive patients to faces presented after socially threatening sentences were larger compared with faces presented after neutral sentences. Results regarding self-reference supported results of previous studies indicating larger mean amplitudes in self-related conditions. Findings suggest a general heightened initial responsiveness to emotional cues and a sustained emotion processing of socially threatening information in depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Iffland
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Fabian Klein
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hanna Kley
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Neuner
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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22
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Neurophysiological Responses to Interpersonal Emotional Images Prospectively Predict the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Stress on Internalizing Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:887-897. [PMID: 33727140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to stressful events related to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has been associated with increases in the prevalence of depression and anxiety, raising questions about vulnerabilities that make some individuals more susceptible to internalizing symptoms following stress exposure. METHODS This prospective study examined the effects of neurophysiological reactivity to positive and threatening interpersonal stimuli, indexed by the late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential, in conjunction with exposure to interpersonal pandemic-related stressors in the prediction of internalizing symptom changes from before to during the pandemic. Emerging adults (n= 75) initially completed measures of internalizing symptoms and an interpersonal emotional images task while an electroencephalogram was recorded pre-pandemic and were recontacted during the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020 to complete measures of exposure to pandemic-related stressful events and current internalizing symptoms. RESULTS Results indicated that emerging adults experienced numerous stressful events associated with the pandemic, as well as overall increases in symptoms of depression and traumatic intrusions during the pandemic. Furthermore, significant interactions between LPP reactivity to positive and threatening interpersonal stimuli and interpersonal stress exposure emerged in the prediction of internalizing symptoms, controlling for baseline symptoms. Under high exposure to interpersonal stressors, reduced positive LPPs predicted increases in depressive symptoms while enhanced threatening LPPs predicted increases in traumatic intrusions. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on emerging adults, and the role of individual differences in neurophysiological reactivity to emotional stimuli in vulnerability for depression and traumatic intrusions following stress exposure.
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Leroy A, Spotorno S, Faure S. Emotional scene processing in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:331-346. [PMID: 32034554 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
"Impairments in emotional information processing are frequently reported in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at a voluntary, explicit level (e.g., emotion recognition) and at an involuntary, implicit level (e.g., emotional interference). Most of previous studies have used faces with emotional expressions, rarely examining other important sources of information usually co-occurring with faces in our every day experience. Here, we examined how the emotional content of an entire visual scene depicting real-world environments and situations is processed in ADHD. We systematically reviewed in PubMed, SCOPUS and ScienceDirect, using the PRISMA guidelines, empirical studies published in English until March 2019, about processing of visual scenes, with or without emotional content, in children and adolescents with ADHD. We included 17 studies among the 154 initially identified. Fifteen used scenes with emotional content (which was task-relevant in seven and irrelevant in eight studies) and two used scenes without emotional content. Even though the interpretation of the results differed according to the theoretical model of emotions of the study and the presence of comorbidity, differences in scene information processing between ADHD and typically developing children and adolescents were reported in all but one study. ADHD children and adolescents show difficulties in the processing of emotional information conveyed by visual scenes, which may stem from a stronger bottom-up impact of emotional stimuli in ADHD, increasing the emotional experience, and from core deficits of the disorder, decreasing the overall processing of the scene".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Leroy
- Laboratoire D'Anthropologie Et de Psychologie Cliniques, Cognitives Et Sociales (LAPCOS), MSHS Sud Est, Université Côte D'Azur, Pôle Universitaire Saint Jean D'Angely, 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357, Nice Cédex 4, France. .,CERTA, Reference Centre for Learning Disabilities, Fondation Lenval, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.
| | | | - Sylvane Faure
- Laboratoire D'Anthropologie Et de Psychologie Cliniques, Cognitives Et Sociales (LAPCOS), MSHS Sud Est, Université Côte D'Azur, Pôle Universitaire Saint Jean D'Angely, 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357, Nice Cédex 4, France
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24
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Leroy A, Spotorno S, Faure S. Traitements sémantiques et émotionnels des scènes visuelles complexes : une synthèse critique de l’état actuel des connaissances. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2021. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy1.211.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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25
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Zhou L, Liu M, Ye B, Wang X, Liu Q. Sad expressions during encoding enhance facial identity recognition in visual working memory in depression: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:630-639. [PMID: 33190114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood-congruent memory biases are prominently featured in cognitive theories of depression. However, how sad expressions during encoding affect facial identity recognition in visual working memory (WM) and the electrophysiological correlates in depressed individuals are unclear. METHODS Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 30 depressed participants and 31 controls during a delayed face discrimination task. RESULTS The depressed participants showed lower discrimination power in facial identity recognition than the controls. However, the depressed participants showed higher discrimination power in facial identity recognition for neutral probe faces preceded by sad expressions than for those preceded by happy expressions, while the controls showed no difference. Furthermore, hits (correctly recognizing studied faces) and associated vertex positive potential (VPP), P3b, and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes were significantly higher for probe faces preceded by sad expressions than for those preceded by happy expressions in the depressed individuals, whereas the controls showed no differences. No such effects were found for correct rejections (correctly rejecting unstudied faces). LIMITATIONS The present study is limited due to the relatively small sample size and homogenous university population. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that for depressed individuals, sad expressions during encoding enhanced discrimination power in facial identity recognition, especially correct recognition of studied faces in visual WM, which was associated with an increase in early structural encoding and more late attentional and perceptual resources following facial identity during retrieval, reflecting a mood-congruent memory bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022; Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022; Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022.
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022; Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022; Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 330022
| | - Qiaosheng Liu
- Clinical Psychological Center, Psychiatric Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China, 330000
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26
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McLean MA, Van den Bergh BR, Baart M, Vroomen J, van den Heuvel MI. The late positive potential (LPP): A neural marker of internalizing problems in early childhood. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Grunewald M, Döhnert M, Brandeis D, Klein AM, von Klitzing K, Matuschek T, Stadelmann S. Attenuated LPP to Emotional Face Stimuli Associated with Parent- and Self-Reported Depression in Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:109-118. [PMID: 29679244 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with a depressive disorder have been found to show reduced reactions to emotional information consistent with the hypothesis of an emotional context insensitivity. However, there are contradictory findings of enhanced reactivity and mood-congruent processing. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of the late positive potential (LPP) can display such blunted or enhanced activity. Due to these contradictory findings, there is a need to clarify the role of the LPP in the emergence and presence of depressive disorders especially in children. We used an emotional Go/NoGo task to investigate modulations of the LPP to emotional (fearful, happy, sad) and calm faces in a sample of children and adolescents (age 11;00-14;11) diagnosed with a depressive disorder according to diagnostic parent interviews (K-SADS-PL) (n = 26) compared to a group of age-matched healthy controls (n = 26). LPP positivity was attenuated in children and adolescents with a depressive disorder as well as with higher self-reported depressive symptoms, suggesting reduced reactivity to emotional and calm faces. This is the first study to find generally blunted LPP responses in a clinical sample of depressed youth across reporters. Such dysfunctional modulation of neural activity may represent a potential biomarker for depressive disorders. The results call for further prospective studies investigating the course of the LPP before and after the onset of a depressive disorder in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Grunewald
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mirko Döhnert
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Maria Klein
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai von Klitzing
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tina Matuschek
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stadelmann
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Whalen DJ, Gilbert KE, Kelly D, Hajcak G, Kappenman ES, Luby JL, Barch DM. Preschool-Onset Major Depressive Disorder is Characterized by Electrocortical Deficits in Processing Pleasant Emotional Pictures. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:91-108. [PMID: 31515716 PMCID: PMC7286427 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in positive affect are a salient feature of preschool-onset major depressive disorder. Yet, little is known about the psychophysiological correlates of this blunted positive affect and whether reduced physiological responding to pleasant stimuli may differentiate depressed and healthy young children. 120 four-to-seven year old children with current depression and 63 psychiatrically healthy 4-to-7 year old children completed a simple picture-viewing task of pleasant and neutral pictures while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The early-childhood version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Depression was used to establish psychiatric diagnoses. A one-way ANCOVA was used to test for group differences in response to pleasant and neutral pictures. Young children with depression showed a reduced response to pleasant vs. neutral pictures (LPP), after controlling for children's age (F(1,180) = 4.15, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.02). The LPP for the children with preschool-onset depression (M = 0.99, SE = 0.65) was significantly smaller than the LPP in the healthy group of young children (M = 3.27, SE = 0.90). This difference did not vary as a function of depression or anhedonia severity within the group with depression or the healthy children. Similar to older children and adolescents with depression, young children with depression display reductions in responsivity to pleasant stimuli as indexed by the LPP. These findings extend prior findings indicating a blunted response to pleasant stimuli in preschool- onset depression. Given the greater neuroplasticity of emotional response and regulation, these findings suggest clinical attention to emotional response to pleasure is an important target in preschool-onset depression. Clinical trial registration information: A Randomized Control Trial of PCIT-ED for Preschool Depression; http://clinicaltrials.gov/;NCT02076425.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
| | - Kirsten E Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Danielle Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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29
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Sekaninova N, Ondrejka I, Bona Olexova L, Visnovcova Z, Mestanik M, Cesnekova D, Hamrakova A, Tonhajzerova I. Oculometric behavior assessed by pupil response is altered in adolescent depression. Physiol Res 2019; 68:S325-S338. [PMID: 31928050 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculometric behaviour assessed by pupil response provides important information about central autonomic activity and emotional regulation. However, studies regarding pupil response to emotional stimuli in adolescent depression are rare. We aimed to study emotional-linked pupil response in adolescent depression. Twenty depressive adolescents (average age: 15.4+/-1.2 years) and 20 age/gender-matched healthy subjects were examined. Average pupil diameter assessed by eye-tracking and pupillary light reflex were evaluated during protocol - baseline, free-view task, recovery phase. Regarding right eye, significantly greater initial pupil diameter and pupil dilation to positive pictures free-viewing (p=0.013, p=0.031, respectively), significantly slower average and maximum constriction velocity in baseline and positive pictures free-viewing (p=0.036, p=0.050, p=0.021, p=0.015, respectively), significantly slower maximum constriction velocity in recovery phase (p=0.045), and significantly faster average dilation velocity in negative pictures free-viewing (p=0.042) were observed in depressive group. Regarding left eye, significantly lower constriction percentual change in negative pictures free-viewing (p=0.044) and significantly greater baseline pupil diameter and pupil diameter at the peak of constriction in positive vs. negative pictures free-viewing (p=0.002, p=0.015, respectively) were observed in depressive group. Our study revealed discrete central autonomic dysregulation - parasympathetic hypoactivity associated with relative sympathetic dominance influenced by impairments in emotional processing already in adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sekaninova
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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El Haj M, M. J. Janssen S, Gallouj K, Lenoble Q. Autobiographical Memory Increases Pupil Dilation. Transl Neurosci 2019; 10:280-287. [PMID: 31915538 PMCID: PMC6943370 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pupil activity has been widely considered as a "summed index" of physiological activities during cognitive processing. METHODOLOGY We investigated pupil dilation during retrieval of autobiographical memory and compared pupil diameter with a control condition in which participants had to count aloud. We also measured pupil diameters retrieval of free (i.e., first memory that comes to mind), positive, and negative memories (memories associated, respectively, with the words "happy" and "sad"). RESULTS Analyses demonstrated larger pupil diameters during the free, positive, and negative autobiographical memory retrieval than during the control task. Analyses also demonstrated no significant differences in pupil diameters across the three autobiographical memory conditions. CONCLUSION These outcomes demonstrate that, compared with counting, autobiographical retrieval results in a larger pupil size. However, the emotional valence of memories yields non-significant effect on pupil diameters. Our findings demonstrate how autobiographical memory retrieval yields pupil dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Quentin Lenoble
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000Lille, France
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31
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Depression biomarkers using non-invasive EEG: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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32
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Simonetti A, Lijffijt M, Kahlon RS, Gandy K, Arvind RP, Amin P, Arciniegas DB, Swann AC, Soares JC, Saxena K. Early and late cortical reactivity to passively viewed emotional faces in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:240-247. [PMID: 31060010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied emotional information processing in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (pBD) using the late positive potential (LPP), assessing automatic allocation of attentional resources to emotionally salient stimuli, and the occipital P1, assessing early sensory processing. METHODS Participants were 20 youth with pBD and 26 healthy controls (HC). Participants passively viewed faces with a fearful, neutral or happy expressions. Group differences were tested with general linear models. P1 was included to examine modulating effects on LPP. We calculated Bayes factor (BF) values to express strength of evidence for choosing one hypothesis over another. RESULTS A significant emotion by group interaction for LPP amplitude was associated with a larger amplitude for happy faces for pBD than HC (F[1,40] = 6.04, p = .018); this was not modulated by P1 amplitude or latency. P1 amplitude did not differ between groups, although P1 peaked earlier for HC (F[1,40] = 5.45, p = .025). BF for LPP was 2.93, suggesting moderate evidence favoring H1. BF for P1 latency of 14.58 suggests strong evidence favoring H1. LIMITATIONS Inclusion of children and adolescents prohibited careful control for neurodevelopmental effects. CONCLUSIONS Larger LPP amplitude for happy faces without change in P1 suggests enhanced automatic allocation of attentional resources to positive information in pBD. Delayed P1 latency in pBD suggests slower early processing of emotional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marijn Lijffijt
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramandeep S Kahlon
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kellen Gandy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruchir P Arvind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pooja Amin
- Center for Leading Edge Addiction Research (CLEAR), Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David B Arciniegas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Marcus Institute for Brain Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alan C Swann
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Connell AM, Danzo S, Magee K, Uhlman R. Children's appraisals of maternal depression and responses to emotional faces in early-adolescence: An Event Related Potential (ERP) study. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:241-248. [PMID: 30870774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental depression represents a significant risk for depression development in offspring. While cognitive mechanisms represent a central risk pathway, children's appraisals of parental symptoms have been understudied. This study examined associations between children's self-blame, threat, and frequency/duration appraisals for maternal symptoms in relation to cognitive control and emotional response processes. METHODS Sixty mother-daughter (aged 10-14-years) pairs participated. Affective processing was assessed by three Event Related Potential (ERP) components, the N2, P3, and LPP, during an emotional Go/NoGo task. RESULTS Threat-appraisals were associated with alterations in all three ERP components, independently of maternal diagnostic histories or youth depressive symptoms. Self-blame was associated with early attentional engagement towards calm faces. Independent effects of maternal depression history and youth symptoms were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of youth perceptions of maternal depressive symptoms in models of depression-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin M Connell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, United States.
| | - Sarah Danzo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, United States
| | - Kelsey Magee
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, United States
| | - Rana Uhlman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, United States
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Abstract
Recent scientific investigations suggest that people automatically mimic each other’s pupil sizes during interaction. However, instead of being a social mimicry effect, it could also be the result of brightness perception. When observers look at individuals with dilated pupils, little of the brighter iris is visible, leading to the perception of a relatively low-illuminated eye region. In the current study we tested whether pupil mimicry remains present when pupils and irises are equalized for luminance values across pupil sizes. We tested several stimulus sets, including faces with static pupils that varied in size across images and dynamic pupils that changed in size over time in videos. Results showed that for traditional, not-luminance-equalized videos, participants’ pupil sizes adapted to the observed pupils, showing a pattern that is roughly in line with pupil mimicry. However, no such pupil response in line with mimicry was seen for static images (regardless of whether they were equalized for luminance) nor for luminance-equalized videos. These findings suggest that only salient, dynamic stimuli attract enough attention to the luminance in the eye region to evoke a pupillary response. However, although such responses suggest pupil mimicry, the underlying factor is the change in brightness within the eye as a function of pupil size rather than social mimicry.
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Klumpp H, Shankman SA. Using Event-Related Potentials and Startle to Evaluate Time Course in Anxiety and Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:10-18. [PMID: 29397073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria initiative is a research framework designed toward understanding psychopathology as abnormalities of dimensional neurobehavioral constructs rather than in terms of DSM-defined categories. Research Domain Criteria constructs within the negative valence domain are particularly relevant for understanding anxiety and depressive disorders, which are pervasive, debilitating, and characterized by negative processing bias. One important direction for Research Domain Criteria research is investigating processes and parameters related to the time course (or chronometry) of negative valenced constructs. Two reliable methods for assessing chronometry are event-related potentials (ERPs) and startle blink. In this qualitative review, we examine ERP and startle studies of individuals with anxiety or depression or individuals vulnerable to affective disorders. The aim of the review is to highlight how these methods can inform the role of chronometry in the spectrum of anxiety and depression. ERP studies examining different chronometry facets of negative valenced responses have shown that transdiagnostic groups of individuals with internalizing psychopathologies exhibit abnormalities at early stages of processing. Startle reactivity studies have robustly differentiated fear-based disorders (e.g., panic disorder, social phobia) from other anxiety disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder) and have also shown that different internalizing phenotypes exhibit different patterns of habituation. Findings lend support to the value of ERP and startle measures in identifying groups that cut across conventional classification systems. We also highlight methodological issues that can aid in the validity and reproducibility of ERP and startle findings and, ultimately, in the goal of developing more precise models of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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