1
|
Moreno-Castilla C, Naranjo Á, Victoria López-Ramón M, Siles E, López-Peñalver JJ, de Almodóvar JMR. Influence of the hydrodynamic size and ζ potential of manganese ferrite nanozymes as peroxidase-mimicking catalysts at pH 4 in different buffers. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
2
|
Suarez-Torres JD, Orozco CA, Ciangherotti CE. Applying Bayesian forecasting to predictive toxicology: the probability of innate carcinogenicity to humans of dyes synthesized from benzidine. Toxicol Lett 2021; 351:111-134. [PMID: 34384884 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The preclinical identification of health hazards relies on the performance (the historic agreement with the ultimate gold standard) of regulatorily recommended bioassays. However, any screening testing with less than 100% sensitivity, or 100% specificity, can deliver false results (outcomes discordant to the ultimate gold standard). Conversely, the predictive values approach (a.k.a. Bayesian forecasting) weighs (1) the performance of the predictive bioassay (battery, or framework) with (2) the prevalence of -positivity to the ultimate gold standard- in the most representative category to which the substance in evaluation can be allocated. Thus, the predictive values approach (PVA) provides the quantitative probability of toxicity to humans for substances that, circumstantially, are evaluable only through nonclinical data. Consequently, the PVA improves the predictivity of nonclinical toxicology, increasing the potential impact of hazard identifications based on preclinical data only. This article aimed to introduce the PVA through a worked example. Due to their toxicological homogeneity and public health relevance, the superfamily of colorants derived from benzidine (BZ) or some mutagenic congeners was selected (hereafter mentioned as BZ-related-colorants). For 259 BZ-related-colorants, the numeric probability of innate carcinogenicity to humans was estimated (from rodent carcinogenicity bioassays) or predicted (from alternative methods) through the PVA. A discussion was provided on (1) some limitations and implications of the PVA, and (2) the probable significance of the predictive values figured for up to 259 BZ-related-colorings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Suarez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacy (Faculty of Sciences), Department of Toxicology (Faculty of Medicine), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, D.C., Venezuela.
| | - Camilo A Orozco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Carlos E Ciangherotti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, D.C., Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thangaraj S, Bankole PO, Sadasivam SK. Microbial degradation of azo dyes by textile effluent adapted, Enterobacter hormaechei under microaerophilic condition. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126805. [PMID: 34130068 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Landmark and sustainable eco-friendly dye treatment processes are highly desirous to ameliorate their effect on the environment. The present study investigated the azo dye degradation efficiency of adapted Enterobacter hormaechei SKB 16 from textile effluent polluted soil in optimized culture conditions. The adapted bacteria strain was identified by standard microbiological and molecular techniques. E. hormaechei was tested individually for the decolourizing of Reactive Yellow 145 (RY 145) and Reactive Red F3B (RR 180) dyes under optimized conditions of pH, temperature and dye concentration on decolourization were studied. The adapted bacteria strain exhibited maximum decolourization (98 %) of Reactive yellow 145 and Reactive red 180 in 100 ppm concentration at pH 7, temperature 37 °C after 98 h of incubation. The enzyme analyses revealed that azo reductase and laccase played major roles in the cleavage of the azo bond and desulfonation respectively of both dyes during degradation. The metabolites were further characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Thereafter, degradation was deduced based on changes of the functional group, variation in retention times and mass/charge ratio and molecular weight. This study elucidated the promising potentials of adapted SKB 16 strain in the eco-friendly removal of textile azo dyes. In addition, repeatability and sustainability are enhanced due to effective management of time which would have been spent on rigorous and extensive screening process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheela Thangaraj
- Geobiotechnology Laboratory, National College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, 620001, India
| | - Paul Olusegun Bankole
- Department of Pure and Applied Botany, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Senthil Kumar Sadasivam
- Geobiotechnology Laboratory, National College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, 620001, India; PG and Research Department of Botany, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, 620001, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gadaleta D, Benfenati E. A descriptor-based analysis to highlight the mechanistic rationale of mutagenicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:269-292. [PMID: 33955817 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1883964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a main concern for human health and there is a need of alternative methodologies to rapidly screen large quantitative of compounds that may represent a toxicological risk. Here a statistical analyses is performed on a benchmark database of experimental Ames data to identify chemical descriptors discriminating mutagens and non-mutagens. A total of 53 activating and deactivating modulators are identified, that flagged respectively a percentage of mutagen and non-mutagen up to 87%. Modulators are further combined to form synergistic cross-terms, accounting for the effect that combined properties may have on the final toxicity. Exclusion rules are defined as exception to the modulators. Synergistic cross-terms and exclusion rules improve the enrichment of mutagens/non-mutagens with respect of the original abundance in the dataset to values higher than 95%. The external predictivity of modulators and cross-terms reach balanced accuracy up to 0.775 that is analogous to other mutagenicity models from the literature, confirming the suitability of the rules to real-life screening of chemicals. Modulators are discussed for their mechanistic link to mutagenicity. This analysis confirms the key role of some properties (polarizability, shape, mass, presence of reactive functional groups or unsaturated planar systems) as driving elements for the initiation of the mutagenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Gadaleta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
La Scala JJ, Yandek G, Lamb J, Paquette CM, Eck WS, Adams V, Lastovickova D, Sadler JM. The effect of methyl and methoxy substituents on dianilines for a thermosetting polyimide system. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008319899141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) is widely used in high-temperature polyimide resins, including polymerization of monomer reactants-15. The toxicity of MDA significantly limits the manufacturability using this resin. Modifying the substitution and electronics of MDA could allow for the reduction of toxicity while maintaining the high-performing properties of the materials derived from the modified MDA. The addition of a single methyl substituent, methoxy substituent, location of these substituents, and location of the amine relative to the phenolic bridge were modified as were other non-aniline diamines. Various anilines were condensed with paraformaldehyde under acidic conditions to yield dianilines. These dianilines and diamines were reacted with nadic anhydride and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride in methanol to form the polyamic acid oligomers and heated at elevated temperature to form polyimide oligomers. It was found that the molecular weight of the oligomers derived from MDA alternatives was generally lower than that of MDA oligomers resulting in lower glass transition temperatures ( T gs) and degradation temperatures. Additionally, methoxy substituents further reduce the T g of the polymers versus methyl substituents and reduce the thermal stability of the resin. Methyl-substituted alternatives produced polyimides with similar T gs and degradation temperatures. The toxicity of the MDA alternatives was examined. Although a few were identified with reduced toxicities, the alternatives with properties similar to that of MDA also had high toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J La Scala
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory, FCDD-RLW-M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Greg Yandek
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA, USA
| | - Jason Lamb
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA, USA
| | | | - William S Eck
- Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Valerie Adams
- Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Sadler
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory, FCDD-RLW-M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bassett AW, Cosgrove JD, Schmalbach KM, Stecca OM, Paquette CM, Adams VH, Eck WS, Sadler JM, La Scala JJ, Stanzione JF. Alternative monomers for 4,4′‐methylenedianiline in thermosetting epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Bassett
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro New Jersey 08028
| | - Jayson D. Cosgrove
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro New Jersey 08028
| | - Kevin M. Schmalbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro New Jersey 08028
| | - Owen M. Stecca
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro New Jersey 08028
| | - Craig M. Paquette
- Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory, 4600 Deer Creek Loop Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21005
| | - Valerie H. Adams
- Toxicology Directorate U.S. Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Road Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21010
| | - William S. Eck
- Toxicology Directorate U.S. Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Road Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21010
| | - Joshua M. Sadler
- Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory, 4600 Deer Creek Loop Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21005
| | - John J. La Scala
- Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory, 4600 Deer Creek Loop Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21005
| | - Joseph F. Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro New Jersey 08028
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kobets T, Duan JD, Brunnemann KD, Vock E, Deschl U, Williams GM. DNA-damaging activities of twenty-four structurally diverse unsubstituted and substituted cyclic compounds in embryo-fetal chicken livers. Mutat Res 2019; 844:10-24. [PMID: 31326031 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA-damaging activities of twenty-four structurally diverse unsubstituted and substituted cyclic compounds were assessed in embryo-fetal chicken livers. Formation of DNA adducts and strand breaks were measured using the nucleotide 32P-postlabelling (NPL) and comet assays, respectively. Unsubstituted monocyclic benzene, polycyclic fused ring compound naphthalene, covalently connected polycyclic ring compound biphenyl, and heterocyclic ring compound fluorene did not produce DNA damage. Amino-substituted monocyclic compounds, aniline and p-phenylenediamine, as well as polycyclic 1-naphthylamine were also negative. In contrast, carcinogenic monocyclic methyl-substituted anilines: o-toluidine, 2,6-xylidine, 3,4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-o-toluidine; 2 methoxy-substituted methylaniline: p-cresidine; 2,4 and 2,6 diamino- or dinitro- substituted toluenes all produced DNA damage. Genotoxic polycyclic amino-substituted 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine, methyl-substituted 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl and 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene as well as amino- and nitro- fluorenes substituted at the 1 or 2 positions also were positive in at least one of the assays. Overall, the DNA damaging activity of cyclic compounds in embryo-fetal chicken livers reflected the type and position of the substitution on the aromatic ring. Additionally, substituted polycyclic compounds exhibited higher DNA-damaging potency compared to monocyclic chemicals. These results are congruent with in vivo findings in other species, establishing chicken eggs as a reliable system for structure-activity assessment of members of groups of related chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kobets
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Jian-Dong Duan
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Klaus D Brunnemann
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Esther Vock
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Gary M Williams
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Feng L, Li H, Wang Y, Chen G, Zhang Q. Biodegradation and detoxification of Direct Black G textile dye by a newly isolated thermophilic microflora. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:650-657. [PMID: 29220809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation and detoxification of azo dye - Direct Black G (DBG) with a newly isolated thermophilic microflora was investigated in the present study. It was found this microflora can decolorize DBG at a wide range of pH from 5 to 10, and grow well under high concentration of dye (600 mg·L-1) and salinity (50 g·L-1). Its decolorization ratio could reach 97% with 8 h of incubation at optimal conditions. The induction of laccase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase and azoreductase suggests their synergetic involvements in the degradation process of DBG. In addition, the phytotoxicity analysis indicated the thermophilic microflora converted toxic dye DBG into low toxicity metabolites. PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that there are nine different bacteria presented in this microflora. Furthermore, a new degradation pathway of DBG degradation by this microflora was proposed based on the intermediates identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Linlin Feng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Hanguang Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Yuanxiu Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Guotao Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Use of 3,3',5,5' tetramethylbenzidine as new electrochemical indicator of DNA hybridization and its application in genossensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:226-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
Chung KT. Azo dyes and human health: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:233-261. [PMID: 27635691 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1236602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic azo dyes are widely used in industries. Gerhardt Domagk discovered that the antimicrobial effect of red azo dye Prontosil was caused by the reductively cleaved (azo reduction) product sulfanilamide. The significance of azo reduction is thus revealed. Azo reduction can be accomplished by human intestinal microflora, skin microflora, environmental microorganisms, to a lesser extent by human liver azoreductase, and by nonbiological means. Some azo dyes can be carcinogenic without being cleaved into aromatic amines. However, the carcinogenicity of many azo dyes is due to their cleaved product such as benzidine. Benzidine induces various human and animal tumors. Another azo dye component, p-phenylenediamine, is a contact allergen. Many azo dyes and their reductively cleaved products as well as chemically related aromatic amines are reported to affect human health, causing allergies and other human maladies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- King-Thom Chung
- a Department of Biological Sciences , The University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gadaleta D, Manganelli S, Manganaro A, Porta N, Benfenati E. A knowledge-based expert rule system for predicting mutagenicity (Ames test) of aromatic amines and azo compounds. Toxicology 2016; 370:20-30. [PMID: 27644887 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death in Western countries, and a major issue for human health. Prolonged exposure to a number of chemicals was observed to be one of the primary causes of cancer in occupationally exposed persons. Thus, the development of tools for identifying hazardous chemicals and the increase of mechanistic understanding of their toxicity is a major goal for scientific research. We constructed a new knowledge-based expert system accounting the effect of different substituents for the prediction of mutagenicity (Ames test) of aromatic amines, a class of compounds of major concern because of their widespread application in industry. The herein presented model implements a series of user-defined structural rules extracted from a database of 616 primary aromatic amines, with their Ames test outcomes, aimed at identifying mutagenic and non-mutagenic chemicals. The chemical rationale behind such rules is discussed. Besides assessing the model's ability to correctly classify aromatic amines, its predictivity was further evaluated on a second database of 354 azo dyes, another class of chemicals of major concern, whose toxicity has been predicted on the basis of the toxicity of aromatic amines potentially generated from the metabolic reduction of the azo bond. Good performance in classification on both the amine (MCC, Matthews Correlation Coefficient=0.743) and the azo dye (MCC=0.584) datasets confirmed the predictive power of the model, and its suitability for use on a wide range of chemicals. Finally, the model was compared with a series of well-known mutagenicity predicting software. The good performance of our model compared with other mutagenicity models, especially in predicting azo dyes, confirmed the usefulness of this expert system as a reliable support to in vitro mutagenicity assays for screening and prioritization purposes. The model has been fully implemented as a KNIME workflow and is freely available for downstream users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Gadaleta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Serena Manganelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Porta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mestankova H, Parker AM, Bramaz N, Canonica S, Schirmer K, von Gunten U, Linden KG. Transformation of Contaminant Candidate List (CCL3) compounds during ozonation and advanced oxidation processes in drinking water: Assessment of biological effects. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 93:110-120. [PMID: 26900972 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The removal of emerging contaminants during water treatment is a current issue and various technologies are being explored. These include UV- and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this study, AOPs were explored for their degradation capabilities of 25 chemical contaminants on the US Environmental Protection Agency's Contaminant Candidate List 3 (CCL3) in drinking water. Twenty-three of these were found to be amenable to hydroxyl radical-based treatment, with second-order rate constants for their reactions with hydroxyl radicals (OH) in the range of 3-8 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). The development of biological activity of the contaminants, focusing on mutagenicity and estrogenicity, was followed in parallel with their degradation using the Ames and YES bioassays to detect potential changes in biological effects during oxidative treatment. The majority of treatment cases resulted in a loss of biological activity upon oxidation of the parent compounds without generation of any form of estrogenicity or mutagenicity. However, an increase in mutagenic activity was detected by oxidative transformation of the following CCL3 parent compounds: nitrobenzene (OH, UV photolysis), quinoline (OH, ozone), methamidophos (OH), N-nitrosopyrolidine (OH), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (OH), aniline (UV photolysis), and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (UV photolysis). Only one case of formation of estrogenic activity was observed, namely, for the oxidation of quinoline by OH. Overall, this study provides fundamental and practical information on AOP-based treatment of specific compounds of concern and represents a framework for evaluating the performance of transformation-based treatment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mestankova
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Austa M Parker
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nadine Bramaz
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), GR A1 465, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), GR A1 465, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Karl G Linden
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yamaoka H, Nakayama-Imaohji H, Horiuchi I, Yamasaki H, Nagao T, Fujita Y, Maeda H, Goda H, Kuwahara T. Tetramethylbenzidine method for monitoring the free available chlorine and microbicidal activity of chlorite-based sanitizers under organic-matter-rich environments. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 62:47-54. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
- Honbu Sankei Co. Ltd.; Chuou-ku Osaka Japan
| | - H. Nakayama-Imaohji
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
| | - I. Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
- Honbu Sankei Co. Ltd.; Chuou-ku Osaka Japan
| | - H. Yamasaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; Wakayama Japan
| | - T. Nagao
- Faculty of Nursing; Shikoku University; Tokushima Japan
| | - Y. Fujita
- Honbu Sankei Co. Ltd.; Chuou-ku Osaka Japan
| | - H. Maeda
- Faculty of Fisheries; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima-shi Kagoshima Japan
| | - H. Goda
- Honbu Sankei Co. Ltd.; Chuou-ku Osaka Japan
| | - T. Kuwahara
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bondarchuk SV, Minaev BF. Theoretical Study of Relationships between Structural, Optical, Energetic, and Magnetic Properties and Reactivity Parameters of Benzidine and Its Oxidized Forms. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8872-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507479p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Bondarchuk
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bogdan Khmelnitsky Cherkasy National University, blvd. Shevchenko 81, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bogdan Khmelnitsky Cherkasy National University, blvd. Shevchenko 81, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
- Department
of Physics, Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bondarchuk SV, Minaev BF. Electronic descriptors for analytical use of the benzidine-based compounds and the mechanism of oxidative coupling of anilines. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Bondarchuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Bogdan Khmelnitsky Cherkasy National University; Blvd. Shevchenko 81 18031 Cherkasy Ukraine
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Bogdan Khmelnitsky Cherkasy National University; Blvd. Shevchenko 81 18031 Cherkasy Ukraine
- Department of Physics; Tomsk State University; Pr. Lenina, 36 634050 Tomsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang X, Yang Y, Li L, Sun M, Yin H, Qin W. A Polymeric Liquid Membrane Electrode Responsive to 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine Oxidation for Sensitive Peroxidase/Peroxidase Mimetic-Based Potentiometric Biosensing. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4416-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500281r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of
Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental
Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangang Yang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Li
- Key
Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of
Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental
Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshuang Sun
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haogen Yin
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key
Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of
Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental
Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reenu, Vikas. Electron-correlation based externally predictive QSARs for mutagenicity of nitrated-PAHs in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 101:42-50. [PMID: 24507125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In quantitative modeling, there are two major aspects that decide reliability and real external predictivity of a structure-activity relationship (SAR) based on quantum chemical descriptors. First, the information encoded in employed molecular descriptors, computed through a quantum-mechanical method, should be precisely estimated. The accuracy of the quantum-mechanical method, however, is dependent upon the amount of electron-correlation it incorporates. Second, the real external predictivity of a developed quantitative SAR (QSAR) should be validated employing an external prediction set. In this work, to analyze the role of electron-correlation, QSAR models are developed for a set of 51 ubiquitous pollutants, namely, nitrated monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitrated-AHs and PAHs) having mutagenic activity in TA100 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. The quality of the models, through state-of-the-art external validation procedures employing an external prediction set, is compared to the best models known in the literature for mutagenicity. The molecular descriptors whose electron-correlation contribution is analyzed include total energy, energy of HOMO and LUMO, and commonly employed electron-density based descriptors such as chemical hardness, chemical softness, absolute electronegativity and electrophilicity index. The electron-correlation based QSARs are also compared with those developed using quantum-mechanical descriptors computed with advanced semi-empirical (SE) methods such as PM6, PM7, RM1, and ab initio methods, namely, the Hartree-Fock (HF) and the density functional theory (DFT). The models, developed using electron-correlation contribution of the quantum-mechanical descriptors, are found to be not only reliable but also satisfactorily predictive when compared to the existing robust models. The robustness of the models based on descriptors computed through advanced SE methods, is also observed to be comparable to those developed with the electron-correlation based descriptors. The work emphasizes that the correlation-energy can serve as a reliable descriptor to explore the origin of biological activities at the level of electron-dynamics.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ching Chen S, Hseu YC, Sung JC, Chen CH, Chen LC, Chung KT. Induction of DNA damage signaling genes in benzidine-treated HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:664-72. [PMID: 21818781 DOI: 10.1002/em.20669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined genotoxicity and DNA damage response in HepG2 cells following exposure to benzidine. Using the Comet assay, we showed that benzidine (50-200 μM) induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells. DNA damage signaling pathway-based PCR arrays were used to investigate expression changes in genes involved in cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair and showed upregulation of 23 genes and downregulation of one gene in benzidine-treated cells. Induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis was confirmed at the protein level. Real-time PCR and Western blots were used to demonstrate the expression of select DNA repair-associated genes from the PCR array. Upregulation of the p53 protein in benzidine-treated cells suggests the induction of the p53 DNA damage signaling pathway. Collectively, DNA damage response genes induced by benzidine indicate recruitment complex molecular machinery involved in DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, and potentially, activation of the apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ssu Ching Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyan Country, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alanyali FS, Artagan O, Yuksel S. Mutagenicity Studies of some Substituted Benzylideneaniline Derivatives. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.278.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Kirkland D, Reeve L, Gatehouse D, Vanparys P. A core in vitro genotoxicity battery comprising the Ames test plus the in vitro micronucleus test is sufficient to detect rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins. Mutat Res 2011; 721:27-73. [PMID: 21238603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In vitro genotoxicity testing needs to include tests in both bacterial and mammalian cells, and be able to detect gene mutations, chromosomal damage and aneuploidy. This may be achieved by a combination of the Ames test (detects gene mutations) and the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit), since the latter detects both chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy. In this paper we therefore present an analysis of an existing database of rodent carcinogens and a new database of in vivo genotoxins in terms of the in vitro genotoxicity tests needed to detect their in vivo activity. Published in vitro data from at least one test system (most were from the Ames test) were available for 557 carcinogens and 405 in vivo genotoxins. Because there are fewer publications on the MNvit than for other mammalian cell tests, and because the concordance between the MNvit and the in vitro chromosomal aberration (CAvit) test is so high for clastogenic activity, positive results in the CAvit test were taken as indicative of a positive result in the MNvit where there were no, or only inadequate data for the latter. Also, because Hprt and Tk loci both detect gene-mutation activity, a positive Hprt test was taken as indicative of a mouse-lymphoma Tk assay (MLA)-positive, where there were no data for the latter. Almost all of the 962 rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins were detected by an in vitro battery comprising Ames+MNvit. An additional 11 carcinogens and six in vivo genotoxins would apparently be detected by the MLA, but many of these had not been tested in the MNvit or CAvit tests. Only four chemicals emerge as potentially being more readily detected in MLA than in Ames+MNvit--benzyl acetate, toluene, morphine and thiabendazole--and none of these are convincing cases to argue for the inclusion of the MLA in addition to Ames+MNvit. Thus, there is no convincing evidence that any genotoxic rodent carcinogens or in vivo genotoxins would remain undetected in an in vitro test battery consisting of Ames+MNvit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kirkland
- Kirkland Consulting, PO Box 79, Tadcaster LS24 0AS, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
MacPherson IS, Rosell FI, Scofield M, Mauk AG, Murphy ME. Directed evolution of copper nitrite reductase to a chromogenic reductant. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:137-45. [PMID: 20083495 PMCID: PMC2816606 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzp084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed evolution methods were developed for Cu-containing nitrite reductase (NiR) from Alcaligenes faecalis S-6. The PCR cloning strategy allows for the efficient production of libraries of 100 000 clones by a modification of a megaprimer-based whole-plasmid synthesis reaction. The high-throughput screen includes colony lift onto a nylon membrane and subsequent lysis of NiR-expressing colonies in the presence of Cu(2+) ions for copper incorporation into intracellularly expressed NiR. Addition of a chromogenic substrate, 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), results in deposition of red, insoluble color at the site of oxidation by functional NiR. Twenty-thousand random variants of NiR were screened for improved function with DAB as a reductant, and five variants were identified. These variants were shuffled and screened, yielding two double variants. An analog of the DAB substrate, o-dianisidine, which is oxidized to a water-soluble product was used for functional characterization. The double variant M150L/F312C was most proficient at o-dianisidine oxidation with dioxygen as the electron acceptor (5.5X wt), and the M150L single variant was most proficient at o-dianisidine oxidation with nitrite as the electron acceptor (8.5X wt). The library generation and screening method can be employed for evolving new reductase functions in NiR and for screening of efficient folding of engineered NiRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain S. MacPherson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
- Present address: Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Federico I. Rosell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Melanie Scofield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - A. Grant Mauk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Michael E.P. Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Szajna-Fuller E, Huang Y, Rapp JL, Chaka G, Lin VSY, Pruski M, Bakac A. Kinetics of oxidation of an organic amine with a Cr(V) salen complex in homogeneous aqueous solution and on the surface of mesoporous silica. Dalton Trans 2009:3237-46. [DOI: 10.1039/b900043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
23
|
Varnes JG, Wacker DA, Pinto DJ, Orwat MJ, Theroff JP, Wells B, Galemo RA, Luettgen JM, Knabb RM, Bai S, He K, Lam PY, Wexler RR. Structure–activity relationship and pharmacokinetic profile of 5-ketopyrazole factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:749-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Rosenkranz HS, Cunningham SL, Mermelstein R, Cunningham AR. The challenge of testing chemicals for potential carcinogenicity using multiple short-term assays: An analysis of a proposed test battery for hair dyes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2007; 633:55-66. [PMID: 17625954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports of the association of hair dyes usage with increased bladder cancer risk in women with the slow NAT-2 acetylator phenotype have resulted both in attempts to identify the putative carcinogen as well as in devising batteries of tests that could be used to screen for such putative carcinogens in hair dye formulations, their intermediates and final products. Analytical studies have reported the presence of traces ( approximately 0.5 ppm) of the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl in some hair dye preparations. In parallel, SCCNFP (Scientific Committee on Cosmetic and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers) has suggested the deployment of a battery of six in vitro assays followed by an in vivo assay. The practicality of deploying and interpreting such a battery is analyzed herein as it is expected to result in 64 and 128 possible test results and SCCNFP does not provide detailed guidance of how the test results are to be interpreted. In this study we have applied a previously described Bayesian approach which takes advantage of the known predictive performances of individual assays, to analyze the possible outcomes of the 6-7 test batteries. While the SCCNFP battery is clearly risk-averse, it is shown that performing all of the assays is not always necessary and moreover it does not necessarily improve predictive performance. Finally, based upon the reported mutagenicity of 4-aminobiphenyl, it is doubtful that this "impurity" would be detected by the test battery.
Collapse
|
25
|
Guerbet M, Brisorgueuil E, Jolibois B, Caillard JF, Gehanno JF. Evaluation of urinary mutagenicity in azo dye manufacture workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2007; 20:137-45. [PMID: 17638680 DOI: 10.2478/v10001-007-0014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate urinary mutagenicity in workers employed in a major chemical plant located near Rouen (France) that produces dichlorobenzidine and azo dyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were obtained from 47 male workers aged 38.9+/-11.3 years (range, 21-58 years), mean duration of employment 9.0+/-8.7 years (range, 1-32 years) for urinary mutagenicity determination with use of the Ames fluctuation test (strains TA 98 and TA 100 with and without metabolic activation) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. To assess occupational exposure of workers, urine samples were collected in two series. First, initial just after a one-month holiday (non-exposure). Second, four months later during regular occupational activity. During the same periods, workers completed a questionnaire, which sought information concerning their working conditions, non-occupational factors, and personal habits. RESULTS Of the total 47 samples tested, 3 (6%) collected just after a one-month holiday and 6 (12%) samples collected during regular occupational activity were positive in at least one mutagenicity assay. Dichlorobenzidine traces ranging from 1.6 to 8.9 ppb were detected in 4 (8%) samples of the exposed as well as in 4 (8%) samples of non-exposed workers. No significant differences between biological and analytical responses obtained in the non-exposure period and after occupational exposure were observed, however, 5 (11%) workers in this group presented urinary mutagenicity that could be related to occupational exposure. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that some industrial hygiene problems, revealed in the analysis of questionnaire responses and confirmed by our evaluation, could be undoubtedly and easily solved to improve working conditions of the employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Guerbet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, ADEN EA 3234 Rouen University Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rouen, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Makena P, Chung KT. Evidence that 4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine, and benzidine congeners produce genotoxicity through reactive oxygen species. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2007; 48:404-13. [PMID: 17370336 DOI: 10.1002/em.20288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
4-Aminobyphenyl (4-Ab), benzidine (Bz), and Bz congeners were evaluated for their ability to induce genotoxicity through an oxidative mechanism. The mutagenicity of these compounds was tested in the presence and absence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat S9 mix using Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA102, which is sensitive to agents producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the presence of S9, 4-Ab, Bz, N-acetyl-benzidine, and 3,3-dimethoxybenzidine were strongly mutagenic in TA102, whereas, 3,3,5,5-tetra-methylbenzidine, 3,3-dimethylbenzidine (O-tolidine), and N,N-diacetylbenzidine were not mutagenic. In addition, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine and 4,4-dinitro-2-biphenylamine were directly mutagenic in TA102. Incorporation of the free radical and metal scavengers, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), butylated hydroxytolune (BHT), and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) reduced the mutagenic responses of 4-Ab and Bz, whereas heat-inactivated catalase and SOD had no effect. 4-Ab and Bz also induced lipid peroxidation in the presence of S9 mix as shown using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. The results of this study indicate that 4-Ab and Bz induce mutations through the induction of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrudu Makena
- Department of Biology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Makena PS, Chung KT. Effects of various plant polyphenols on bladder carcinogen benzidine-induced mutagenicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:1899-909. [PMID: 17560706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Benzidine (Bz), a human bladder carcinogen, was strongly mutagenic to Salmonella TA102 tester strain in the Ames Salmonella microsome/mutagenicity assay in the presence of rat liver S9 mix. Various non-mutagenic plant polyphenols were included in the assay to test their inhibitory effects on the Bz-induced mutations. Coumestrol, ellagic acid (EA), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epichatechingallate (ECG), gallic acid (GA), (-)-gallocatechin (GC), plumbagin, propyl gallate (PG), taxifolin, and 2,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone were found to have a strong inhibitory effect on Bz-induced mutations. (-)-Epigallo-catechingallate (EGCG), fisetin, (-)-gallocatechingallate (GCG), and piceatannol were moderately inhibitory to the mutations; whereas, (-)-catechin, (-)-catechingallate (CG), and reseveratrol were weakly inhibitory to the mutations. (-)-Epigallocatechin (EGC) and 7,3',4'-trihydroxy isoflavon were not inhibitory to the Bz-induced mutations. Isoliquirtigenin, quercetin dihydrate, and rhein were found to be mutagenic in tester strain TA102. Benzidine mediated lipid peroxidation was conducted employing the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay using linoleic acid as a substrate. In the presence of rat liver S9 mix, Bz could cause lipid peroxidation as an outcome of production of oxygen free radicals. Incorporation of the above mentioned non-mutagenic plant polyphenols significantly inhibited benzidine mediated lipid peroxidation in a time dependent manner. These polyphenols also effectively reduced the iron mediated lipid peroxidation. Thus, it is concluded that the inhibition of oxidative mutagenicity of Bz by plant polyphenols could be due to an inhibitory effect of plant polyphenols on the bioactivating enzymes such as cytochrome P-450 and peroxidase and the chelation of iron present in the cytochrome P-450 in the S9 mix. Thus, these plant polyphenols play a significant inhibitory role on Bz-induced mutagenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrudu S Makena
- Department of Biology, The University of Memphis, TN 38152, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pinto DJP, Orwat MJ, Quan ML, Han Q, Galemmo RA, Amparo E, Wells B, Ellis C, He MY, Alexander RS, Rossi KA, Smallwood A, Wong PC, Luettgen JM, Rendina AR, Knabb RM, Mersinger L, Kettner C, Bai S, He K, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. 1-[3-Aminobenzisoxazol-5′-yl]-3-trifluoromethyl-6-[2′-(3-(R)-hydroxy-N-pyrrolidinyl)methyl-[1,1′]-biphen-4-yl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazolo-[3,4-c]-pyridin-7-one (BMS-740808) a highly potent, selective, efficacious, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4141-7. [PMID: 16730984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to further optimize the pyrazole factor Xa inhibitors centered on masking the aryl aniline P4 moiety. Scaffold optimization resulted in the identification of a novel bicyclic pyrazolo-pyridinone scaffold which retained fXa potency. The novel bicyclic scaffold preserved all binding interactions observed with the monocyclic counterpart and importantly the carboxamido moiety was integrated within the scaffold making it less susceptible to hydrolysis. These efforts led to the identification of 1-[3-aminobenzisoxazol-5'-yl]-3-trifluoromethyl-6-[2'-(3-(R)-hydroxy-N-pyrrolidinyl)methyl-[1,1']-biphen-4-yl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazolo-[3,4-c]-pyridin-7-one 6f (BMS-740808), a highly potent (fXa Ki=30 pM) with a rapid onset of inhibition (2.7x10(7) M-1 s-1) in vitro, selective (>1000-fold over other proteases), efficacious in the AVShunt thrombosis model, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald J P Pinto
- Discovery Chemistry Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen SC, Lin CS, Liang SH, Chuang JY. Detection of gentoxicity of benzidine and its derivatives with the Escherichia coli DJ 702 lacZ reversion mutagenicity assay. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 43:22-6. [PMID: 16834716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The feasibility of Escherichia coli DJ 702 lacZ mutagenicity assay to detect genotoxicity of benzidine and its derivatives was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS DJ 702 strain was grown overnight at 30 degrees C in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium containing some components, such as chloramphenicol, ampicillin, delta-aminolevulinic acid, isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside, and trace element mix. The mixtures of a bacterial culture and tested chemical at indicated doses were incubated at 30 degrees C for 30 min. Subsequently, 2 ml of molten top agar was added and the resulting mixtures were immediately poured onto a minimal lactose (ML) plate. Plates were incubated at 30 degrees C for 48 h. The number of colonies was determined by visual scoring. In this study, results showed that all the tested chemicals were mutagenic to DJ 702 strain. CONCLUSIONS E. coli lac mutagenicity assay using DJ 702 strain can detect the mutagenicity of benzidine and its derivatives. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We detected the mutagenicity of benzidine and its derivatives in E. coli lac mutagenicity assay using DJ 702, indicating that this assay may be used to detect benzidine and its derivatives in a powerful, sensitive, and convenient mutagenesis assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Watanabe T, Hasei T, Ohe T, Hirayama T, Wakabayashi K. Detection of 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine in Water from the Waka River in Wakayama, Japan. Genes Environ 2006. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.28.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
31
|
Wang L, Yan J, Hardy W, Mosley C, Wang S, Yu H. Light-induced mutagenicity in Salmonella TA102 and genotoxicity/cytotoxicity in human T-cells by 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine: a chemical used in the manufacture of dyes and pigments and in tattoo inks. Toxicology 2005; 207:411-8. [PMID: 15664269 PMCID: PMC3764506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
DCB, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, is used primarily as an intermediate in the manufacture of diarylide yellow or azo red pigments for printing ink, textile, paint, and plastics. It is also used in tattoo inks. In this article, we investigate light-induced toxicity of DCB in both bacteria and human Jurkat T-cells. DCB itself is not toxic or mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA102, but is photomutagenic at concentrations as low as 2 microM and phototoxic at concentrations >100 microM when bacteria are exposed to DCB and light at the same time (1.2 J/cm2 of UVA and 2.1 J/cm2 of visible light). Furthermore, DCB is both photocytotoxic and photogenotoxic to human Jurkat T-cells. Under a light irradiation dose of 2.3 J/cm2 of UVA and 4.2 J/cm2 of visible light, it causes the Jurkat T-cells to become nonviable in a DCB dose-dependent manner and the nonviable cells reaches 60% at DCB concentrations higher than 50 microM. At the same time, DNA fragmentation is observed for cells exposed to both DCB and light, determined by single cell gel electrophoresis (alkaline comet assay). As much as 5% (average) DNA fragmentation was observed when exposed to 200 microM DCB and light irradiation. This suggests that DCB can penetrate the cell membrane and enter the cell. Upon light activation, DCB in the cells can cause various cellular damages, leading to nonviable Jurkat T-cells. It appears, the nonviable cells are not caused solely by fragmentation of cellular DNA, but by other damages such as to proteins and cell membranes, or DNA alkylation. Therefore, persons exposed to DCB through environmental contamination or through tattoo piercing using DCB-containing inks must not only concern about its toxicity without exposing to light, but also its phototoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hongtao Yu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Telephone: (601) 979-2174. Fax: (601) 979-3674.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lewis DFV, Ioannides C, Parke DV. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of mutagenicity in several series of organic chemicals likely to be activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. TERATOGENESIS, CARCINOGENESIS, AND MUTAGENESIS 2003; Suppl 1:187-93. [PMID: 12616608 DOI: 10.1002/tcm.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The results of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies on six series of compounds exhibiting indirect mutagenic activity are reported. These findings demonstrate the importance of frontier orbital energies and, in some cases, frontier orbital electronic populations to overall mutagenicity in diverse polyaromatic hydrocarbons, benzidines and aminobiphenyls, benzonitrofurans, nitrogenous cooked-food mutagens, benzanthracenes, and chrysenes. The correlations between structural parameters and mutagenic potency vary from R=0.81 to R=0.97, and these findings are discussed in the context of possible molecular mechanisms of mutagenicity. In particular, it is generally regarded that cytochrome P450-mediated activation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their amino derivatives plays an important role in mutagenic activity. In this respect, it is apparent that enzymes of the cytochrome P4501 (CYP1) family are closely associated with the metabolic activation of polyaromatic mutagens and carcinogens via the generation of reactive intermediates (usually electrophilic in nature) that attack DNA. The findings presented in this study indicate that QSAR analyses on several series of compounds are consistent with the known evidence of procarcinogen activation mechanisms, particularly for polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their heterocyclic/amino derivatives, pointing to the importance of frontier orbital energy values in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David F V Lewis
- School of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Claxton LD, Hughes TJ, Chung KT. Using base-specific Salmonella tester strains to characterize the types of mutation induced by benzidine and benzidine congeners after reductive metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2001; 39:1253-61. [PMID: 11696399 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although benzidine (Bz), 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine HCl (DCBz), 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine (DMBz), 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (DMOBz) and the benzidine congener-based dye trypan blue (TB) produce primarily frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium, the base-substitution strain TA100 also responds to these compounds when S9 is present. Performing DNA sequence analysis, other investigators have shown that ABP induces frameshift, base-pair and complex mutations. Also, it was found that an uninduced hamster liver S9 preparation with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, FMN, NADH and four times glucose 6-phosphate gave a stronger mutagenic response than the conventional plate incorporation with rat S9 activation mixture for all the compounds tested. Using the base-specific tester strains of S. typhimurium (TA7001-TA7006) with the above reductive metabolic activation system, we surveyed these compounds for the ability to produce specific base-pair substitutions after reductive metabolism. Bz was weakly mutagenic in TA7005 (0.04 revertants/microg). ABP was mutagenic in TA7002 (1.4 revertants/microg), TA7004 (0.6 revertants/microg), TA7005 (2.98 revertants/microg) and TA7006 (0.4 revertants/microg). DCBz was weakly mutagenic in TA7004 (0.01 revertants/microg). It was concluded that benzidine induced some CG->AT transversions in addition to frameshift mutations. ABP induced TA->AT, CG->AT, and CG->GC transversions as well as GC->AT transitions. DCBz induced only GC->AT transitions. Because DMBz, DMOBz and TB were not mutagenic in this base-substitution mutagen detection system, their mutagenic activity was attributed strictly to frameshift mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L D Claxton
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Recent developments in the prediction of toxicity from chemical structure have been reviewed. Attention has been drawn to some of the problems that can be encountered in the area of predictive toxicology, including the need for a multi-disciplinary approach and the need to address mechanisms of action. Progress has been hampered by the sparseness of good quality toxicological data. Perhaps too much effort has been devoted to exploring new statistical methods rather than to the creation of data sets for hitherto uninvestigated toxicological endpoints and/or classes of chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Barratt
- Marlin Consultancy, 10 Beeby Way, Carlton, Bedford MK43 7LW, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cash GG. Prediction of the genotoxicity of aromatic and heteroaromatic amines using electrotopological state indices. Mutat Res 2001; 491:31-7. [PMID: 11287295 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(00)00167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, electrotopological state (E-state) indices have come into their own as useful descriptors for correlating a variety of physicochemical and biological properties of chemical compounds. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity, however, appear not to have been previously considered. In the present study, the genotoxicity of a set of 95 aromatic and heteroaromatic amines, which has been modeled previously using several sets of parameters, is modeled using E-state indices, both with and without principal components analysis. Parallels are drawn between E-state indices that were important in these models and other types of descriptors found significant in previous studies, thus, shedding light on connections to the molecular mechanism of activity. The best result had a correlation coefficient r = 0.876 and a standard error s< or = 1 log unit. These values are comparable to those in previously published models that were based on topological/geometric or on physicochemical parameters. They are not as good as those for a model based on descriptors derived from extensive quantum mechanical analysis, but E-state indices are much easier to compute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G G Cash
- New Chemicals Screening and Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Division (7403), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
| |
Collapse
|