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Sun J, Yan L, Chen Y, Wang T, Ali W, Ma Y, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu Z, Zou H. TFAM-mediated intercellular lipid droplet transfer promotes cadmium-induced mice nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133151. [PMID: 38113736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant. Herein, we discovered a new way of lipid accumulation, where lipid droplets can be transferred across cells. In this study, mice and AML12 cells were used to establish models of Cd poisoning. After Cd treatment, the level of TFAM was reduced, thereby regulating the reconstitution of the cytosolic actin filament network. MYH9 is a myosin involved in cell polarization, migration, and movement of helper organelles. Rab18 is a member of the Rab GTPase family, which localizes to lipid droplets and regulates lipid drop dynamics. In this study, we found that Cd increases the interaction between MYH9 and Rab18. However, TFAM overexpression alleviated the increase in Cd-induced interaction between MYH9 and Rab18, thereby reducing the transfer of intercellular lipid droplets and the accumulation of intracellular lipids. Through a co-culture system, we found that the transferred lipid droplets can act as a signal to form an inflammatory storm-like effect, and ACSL4 can act as an effector to transfer lipid droplets and promote lipid accumulation in surrounding cells. These results suggest that TFAM can be used as a new therapeutic target for Cd-induced lipid accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Waseem Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China.
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2
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Yu F, Yan L, Sun J, Zhao Y, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Zou H, Liu Z. Gap junction intercellular communication mediates cadmium-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes via the Fas/FasL pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2692-2702. [PMID: 35920667 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a common environmental pollutant, cadmium (Cd) causes damage to many organs of the body. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) represents one of the most important routes of rapid signaling between cells. However, the mechanisms underlying GJIC's role in hepatotoxicity induced by Cd remain unknown. We established a Cd poisoning model in vitro by co-culturing Cd-exposed and unexposed hepatocytes and found that 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a GJIC inhibitor, can effectively reduce the apoptosis rate of healthy cells co-cultured with apoptotic cells treated with Cd. We also found that anti-FasL antibody had the same effect. However, in mono-cultured cells, GA treatment in combination with Cd was found to aggravate the damage induced by Cd exposure, increase the level of oxidative stress and protein expression of HO-1, decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, incur more serious morphological damage to mitochondria than Cd treatment alone. Moreover, compared with Cd-only exposure, GA and Cd co-treatment further increased the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Fas, FasL, FADD and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, inhibited the protein expression of ASK1 and Daxx. We also found that the protein expression of Daxx in siFADD + Cd hepatocytes was significantly higher than in Cd-treated cells. Thus, our study suggests that gap junction inhibition may play a dual role in Cd-induced cell damage by inhibiting the transmission of death signals from damaged cells to healthy cells but also aggravating the transmission of death signals between damaged cells, and that the Fas/FasL-mediated death receptor pathway may play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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3
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Van Campenhout R, Leroy K, Cooreman A, Tabernilla A, Cogliati B, Kadam P, Vinken M. Connexin-Based Channels in the Liver. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4147-4163. [PMID: 35950654 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Connexin proteins oligomerize in hexameric structures called connexin hemichannels, which then dock to form gap junctions. Gap junctions direct cell-cell communication by allowing the exchange of small molecules and ions between neighboring cells. In this way, hepatic gap junctions support liver homeostasis. Besides serving as building blocks for gap junctions, connexin hemichannels provide a pathway between the intracellular and the extracellular environment. The activation of connexin hemichannels is associated with acute and chronic liver pathologies. This article discusses the role of gap junctions and connexin hemichannels in the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-17, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Van Campenhout
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prashant Kadam
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Wong WPS, Wang JC, Schipma MJ, Zhang X, Edwards JR, El Muayed M. Cadmium-mediated pancreatic islet transcriptome changes in mice and cultured mouse islets. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115756. [PMID: 34666113 PMCID: PMC9873403 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease process that is characterized by insulin resistance and impairment of insulin-producing pancreatic islets. There is evidence that environmental exposure to cadmium contributes to the development of T2DM. The presence of cadmium in human islets from the general population and the uptake of cadmium in β-cells have been reported. To identify cadmium-mediated changes in gene expression and molecular regulatory networks in pancreatic islets, we performed next-generation RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in islets following either in vivo (1 mM CdCl2 in drinking water) or ex-vivo (0.5 μM CdCl2) exposure. Both exposure regiments resulted in islet cadmium concentrations that are comparable to those found in human islets from the general population. 6-week in vivo cadmium exposure upregulates the expression of five genes: Synj2, Gjb1, Rbpjl, Try5 and 5430419D17Rik. Rbpjl is a known regulator of ctrb, a gene associated with diabetes susceptibility. With 18-week in vivo cadmium exposure, we found more comprehensive changes in gene expression profile. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that these secondary changes were clustered to molecular mechanisms related to intracellular protein trafficking to the plasma membrane. In islet culture, cadmium ex vivo significantly induces the expression of Mt1, Sphk1, Nrcam, L3mbtl2, Rnf216 and Itpr1. Mt1 and Itpr1 are known to be involved in glucose homeostasis. Collectively, findings reported here revealed a complex cadmium-mediated effect on pancreatic islet gene expression at environmentally relevant cadmium exposure conditions, providing the basis for further studies into the pathophysiological processes arising from cadmium accumulation in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred P S Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Janice C Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- NU Seq Core, Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua R Edwards
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Malek El Muayed
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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5
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Zhang A, Matsushita M, Zhang L, Wang H, Shi X, Gu H, Xia Z, Cui JY. Cadmium exposure modulates the gut-liver axis in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1398. [PMID: 34912029 PMCID: PMC8674298 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) variant is the strongest known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cadmium (Cd) has been shown to impair learning and memory at a greater extent in humanized ApoE4 knock-in (ApoE4-KI) mice as compared to ApoE3 (common allele)-KI mice. Here, we determined how cadmium interacts with ApoE4 gene variants to modify the gut-liver axis. Large intestinal content bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing, serum lipid metabolomics, and hepatic transcriptomics were analyzed in ApoE3- and ApoE4-KI mice orally exposed to vehicle, a low dose, or a high dose of Cd in drinking water. ApoE4-KI males had the most prominent changes in their gut microbiota, as well as a predicted down-regulation of many essential microbial pathways involved in nutrient and energy homeostasis. In the host liver, cadmium-exposed ApoE4-KI males had the most differentially regulated pathways; specifically, there was enrichment in several pathways involved in platelet activation and drug metabolism. In conclusion, Cd exposure profoundly modified the gut-liver axis in the most susceptible mouse strain to neurological damage namely the ApoE4-KI males, evidenced by an increase in microbial AD biomarkers, reduction in energy supply-related pathways in gut and blood, and an increase in hepatic pathways involved in inflammation and xenobiotic biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megumi Matsushita
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Zou H, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Wang T, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Bian J, Liu Z. Gap Junction Intercellular Communication Negatively Regulates Cadmium-Induced Autophagy and Inhibition of Autophagic Flux in Buffalo Rat Liver 3A Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:596046. [PMID: 33390984 PMCID: PMC7774522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.596046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is an important environmental pollutant that poses a serious threat to the health of humans and animals. A large number of studies have shown that the liver is one of the important target organs of cadmium. Stimulation of cells can lead to rapid changes in gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and autophagy. Previous studies have shown that cadmium can inhibit GJIC and induce autophagy. In order to understand the dynamic changes of GJIC and autophagy in the process of cadmium-induced hepatotoxic injury and the effects of GJIC on autophagy, a time-gradient model of cadmium cytotoxicity was established. The results showed that within 24 h of cadmium exposure, 5 μmol/L cadmium inhibited GJIC by down regulating the expression levels of connexin 43 (Cx43) and disturbing the localization of Cx43 in Buffalo rat liver 3A (BRL 3A) cells. In addition, cadmium induced autophagy and then inhibited autophagic flux in the later stage. During this process, inhibiting of GJIC could exacerbate the cytotoxic damage of cadmium and induce autophagy, but further blocked autophagic flux, promoting GJIC in order to obtain the opposite results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junzhao Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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7
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Zamani MM, Mortazavi SH, Monajjemzadeh M, Piranfar V, Aalidaeijavadi Z, Bakhtiarian A. Protective Effect of Combined Long Time Administration of Selenium and Vitamin C on Liver and Kidney Toxicity of Cadmium in Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:174-180. [PMID: 33936228 PMCID: PMC8085284 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.135777.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Increased industrial activities leads to prolonged human exposure to industrial pollutant such as cadmium (Cd). Chronic exposure to Cd in Mammals and also human being, can cause damages to various organs and particularly kidneys and liver. The goal of this study was to investigate the prophylactic effects of combined selenium (Se) and ascorbic acid supplement in rat cadmium toxicity. Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were divided to 10 groups: one control, one sham and two clusters of 4 intervention groups which were fed with 1 or 5 mg Cd /kg water, for 28 days. Ascorbic acid supplement was added to drinking water of four groups (10 mg/L). Four groups received intraperitoneal Se (1 mg/kg) at day 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. Finally, Cd concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in liver and kidney sections. Furthermore, pathological changes were investigated in these sections. Results: The results showed weight gain in Cd groups which received ascorbic acid and Se, in contrast to weight loss in parallel groups without vitamin C and Se. The stronger necrosis and inflammation have been observed in group received 5 mg/kg Cd compared to group with 1 mg/kg Cd (P<0.05). In addition, cadmium level was higher in untreated groups without any supplements, significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: Drinking water with ascorbic acid may have prophylactic effects across cadmium, and combination of Se and ascorbic acid are associated with higher prophylactic effects in both kidney and liver in rats to decrease the Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Zamani
- Exceptional Talent Development Center (EDTC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Scientific Students' Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Monajjemzadeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahhab Piranfar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aalidaeijavadi
- Scientific Students' Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bakhtiarian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Leroy K, Pieters A, Tabernilla A, Cooreman A, Van Campenhout R, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Targeting gap junctional intercellular communication by hepatocarcinogenic compounds. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2020; 23:255-275. [PMID: 32568623 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1781010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gap junctions in liver, as in other organs, play a critical role in tissue homeostasis. Inherently, these cellular constituents are major targets for systemic toxicity and diseases, including cancer. This review provides an overview of chemicals that compromise liver gap junctions, in particular biological toxins, organic solvents, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, peroxides, metals and phthalates. The focus in this review is placed upon the mechanistic scenarios that underlie these adverse effects. Further, the potential use of gap junctional activity as an in vitro biomarker to identify non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenic chemicals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Leroy
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alanah Pieters
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Yu D, Zhang L, Yu G, Nong C, Lei M, Tang J, Chen Q, Cai J, Chen S, Wei Y, Xu X, Tang X, Zou Y, Qin J. Association of liver and kidney functions with Klotho gene methylation in a population environment exposed to cadmium in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:38-48. [PMID: 30714826 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1572106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the heavy metal cadmium has adverse effects on human health, including DNA methylation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cadmium on liver and kidney functions and Klotho gene methylation and to explore the relationship of methylation level with indicators of liver and kidney functions. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was conducted to determine urinary cadmium, and an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect indices of liver and kidney functions. PCR pyrosequencing was performed to detect the methylation rate of Klotho. One-way ANOVA was adopted to compare the differences between groups, and the linear correlation to variables was analyzed. Cadmium exposure was negatively correlated with albumin level (r=-0.143, p=0.021) and positively correlated with urinary β2-microglobulin level (r=0.229, p<0.001). However, the methylation levels of Klotho gene was decreased and increased by low and high doses of cadmium exposure, respectively. And Klothomethylation levels were negatively correlated with albumin levels and positively correlated with β2-microglobulin levels.In this study, cadmium exposure affects liver and kidney functions as well as Klotho methylation levels, but the effect on Klotho methylation levels is not linear. Klotho methylation levels also influence liver and kidney functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li'e Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guoqi Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chuntao Nong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mingzhi Lei
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiexia Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Quanhui Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiangsheng Cai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | | | - Yi Wei
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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10
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Channels, transporters and receptors for cadmium and cadmium complexes in eukaryotic cells: myths and facts. Biometals 2019; 32:469-489. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Manera M, Sayyaf Dezfuli B, DePasquale JA, Giari L. Pigmented macrophages and related aggregates in the spleen of european sea bass dosed with heavy metals: Ultrastructure and explorative morphometric analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:351-364. [PMID: 29318746 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure and morphometrics of pigmented macrophages (PMs) were assessed in the spleen of European sea bass experimentally dosed with Cd and Hg. PMs occurred either as solitary cells or as variably structured aggregations, defined as macrophage aggregates (MAs). Light microscopy revealed a high degree of morphological heterogeneity amongst MAs of all experimental groups. At the ultrastructural level, MAs showed a heterogeneous pigment content that was not influenced by the treatment. Cytoplasm rarefaction/vacuolation and euchromatic nuclei, were observed in PMs of dosed fish. Undosed and Cd-dosed samples differ significantly with regard to the following morphometric features: the Minor axis of the best fitting ellipse, Aspect Ratio, and Roundness. In Cd-dosed fish, MAs showed reduced size and complexity. Lacunarity showed significant differences between undosed and both Cd and Hg-dosed samples. These results suggest that heavy metals, and especially Cd, may influence the dynamics of PM aggregation/disaggregation. Variability in splenic MAs was observed both by light and electron microscopy. However, only the morphometric techniques adequately and objectively described the phenomenon, allowing a quantitative/statistical comparison of morphology among experimental groups. These morphometric analyses could be usefully applied in toxicological and ecotoxicological, as well as morpho-functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, I-64100, Italy
| | - Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, I-44121, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, I-44121, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Being critical mediators of liver homeostasis, connexins and their channels are frequently involved in liver toxicity. In the current paper, specific attention is paid to actions of hepatotoxic drugs on these communicative structures. In a first part, an overview is provided on the structural, regulatory and functional properties of connexin-based channels in the liver. In the second part, documented effects of acetaminophen, hypolipidemic drugs, phenobarbital and methapyriline on connexin signaling are discussed. Furthermore, the relevance of this subject for the fields of clinical and in vitro toxicology is demonstrated. Relevance for patients: The role of connexin signaling in drug-induced hepatotoxicity may be of high clinical relevance, as it offers perspectives for the therapeutic treatment of such insults by interfering with connexin channel opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Thukral SK, Nordone PJ, Hu R, Sullivan L, Galambos E, Fitzpatrick VD, Healy L, Bass MB, Cosenza ME, Afshari CA. Prediction of Nephrotoxicant Action and Identification of Candidate Toxicity-Related Biomarkers. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 33:343-55. [PMID: 15805072 DOI: 10.1080/01926230590927230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A vast majority of pharmacological compounds and their metabolites are excreted via the urine, and within the complex structure of the kidney, the proximal tubules are a main target site of nephrotoxic compounds. We used the model nephrotoxicants mercuric chloride, 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide, hexachlorobutadiene, mitomycin, amphotericin, and puromycin to elucidate time- and dose-dependent global gene expression changes associated with proximal tubular toxicity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were dosed via intraperitoneal injection once daily for mercuric chloride and amphotericin (up to 7 doses), while a single dose was given for all other compounds. Animals were exposed to 2 different doses of these compounds and kidney tissues were collected on day 1, 3, and 7 postdosing. Gene expression profiles were generated from kidney RNA using 17K rat cDNA dual dye microarray and analyzed in conjunction with histopathology. Analysis of gene expression profiles showed that the profiles clustered based on similarities in the severity and type of pathology of individual animals. Further, the expression changes were indicative of tubular toxicity showing hallmarks of tubular degeneration/regeneration and necrosis. Use of gene expression data in predicting the type of nephrotoxicity was then tested with a support vector machine (SVM)-based approach. A SVM prediction module was trained using 120 profiles of total profiles divided into four classes based on the severity of pathology and clustering. Although mitomycin C and amphotericin B treatments did not cause toxicity, their expression profiles were included in the SVM prediction module to increase the sample size. Using this classifier, the SVM predicted the type of pathology of 28 test profiles with 100% selectivity and 82% sensitivity. These data indicate that valid predictions could be made based on gene expression changes from a small set of expression profiles. A set of potential biomarkers showing a time- and dose-response with respect to the progression of proximal tubular toxicity were identified. These include several transporters ( Slc21a2, Slc15, Slc34a2), Kim 1, IGFbp-1, osteopontin, α -fibrinogen, and Gstα.
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14
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Hu D, Zou H, Han T, Xie J, Dai N, Zhuo L, Gu J, Bian J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Liu Z. Gap junction blockage promotes cadmium-induced apoptosis in BRL 3A derived from Buffalo rat liver cells. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:63-70. [PMID: 27051341 PMCID: PMC4808645 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions mediate direct communication between cells; however, toxicological cascade triggered by nonessential metals can abrogate cellular signaling mediated by gap junctions. Although cadmium (Cd) is known to induce apoptosis in organs and tissues, the mechanisms that underlie gap junction activity in Cd-induced apoptosis in BRL 3A rat liver cells has yet to be established. In this study, we showed that Cd treatment decreased the cell index (a measure of cellular electrical impedance) in BRL 3A cells. Mechanistically, we found that Cd exposure decreased expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), increased expression of p-Cx43 and elevated intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, corresponding to a decrease in gap junctional intercellular communication. Gap junction blockage pretreatment with 18β-glycyrrhizic acid (GA) promoted Cd-induced apoptosis, involving changes in expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and the mitochondrial transmembrane electrical potential (Δψm). Additionally, GA was found to enhance ERK and p38 activation during Cd-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, but had no significant effect on JNK activation. Our results indicated the apoptosis-related proteins and the ERK and p38 signaling pathways may participate in gap junction blockage promoting Cd-induced apoptosis in BRL 3A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tao Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junze Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nannan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liling Zhuo
- Department of Life Science, Zaozhuang College, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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15
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Nahta R, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Andrade-Vieira R, Bay SN, Brown DG, Calaf GM, Castellino RC, Cohen-Solal KA, Colacci A, Cruickshanks N, Dent P, Di Fiore R, Forte S, Goldberg GS, Hamid RA, Krishnan H, Laird DW, Lasfar A, Marignani PA, Memeo L, Mondello C, Naus CC, Ponce-Cusi R, Raju J, Roy D, Roy R, Ryan EP, Salem HK, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Vento R, Vondráček J, Wade M, Woodrick J, Bisson WH. Mechanisms of environmental chemicals that enable the cancer hallmark of evasion of growth suppression. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S2-18. [PMID: 26106139 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the Halifax Project, this review brings attention to the potential effects of environmental chemicals on important molecular and cellular regulators of the cancer hallmark of evading growth suppression. Specifically, we review the mechanisms by which cancer cells escape the growth-inhibitory signals of p53, retinoblastoma protein, transforming growth factor-beta, gap junctions and contact inhibition. We discuss the effects of selected environmental chemicals on these mechanisms of growth inhibition and cross-reference the effects of these chemicals in other classical cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nahta
- Departments of Pharmacology and Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada, Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA, Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica 8097877, Chile, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1914, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 980033, USA, Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084-1501, USA, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontari
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Rafaela Andrade-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah N Bay
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA, Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica 8097877, Chile
| | - Robert C Castellino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Karine A Cohen-Solal
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1914, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Nichola Cruickshanks
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 980033, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 980033, USA
| | - Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Gary S Goldberg
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084-1501, USA
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084-1501, USA
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 60503, USA
| | - Paola A Marignani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Richard Ponce-Cusi
- Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica 8097877, Chile
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Debasish Roy
- Department of Natural Science, The City University of New York at Hostos Campus, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Dept., kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Renza Vento
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Wade
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan 16163, Italy and
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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16
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Zou H, Liu X, Han T, Hu D, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Zhu J, Liu ZP. Salidroside Protects against Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats via GJIC and MAPK Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129788. [PMID: 26070151 PMCID: PMC4466396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that cadmium (Cd) induces cytotoxicity in hepatocytes; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver cells (BRL 3A) and in vivo. We observed that Cd treatment was associated with a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in the cell index (CI) of BRL 3A cells and cellular organelle ultrastructure injury in the rat liver. Meanwhile, Cd treatment resulted in the inhibition of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Gap junction blocker 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), administered in combination with Cd, exacerbated cytotoxic injury in BRL 3A cells; however, GA had a protective effect on healthy cells co-cultured with Cd-exposed cells in a co-culture system. Cd-induced cytotoxic injury could be attenuated by co-treatment with an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (U0126) and a p38 inhibitor (SB202190) but was not affected by co-treatment with a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125). These results indicate that ERK and p38 play critical roles in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity and mediate the function of gap junctions. Moreover, MAPKs induce changes in GJIC by controlling connexin gene expression, while GJIC has little effect on the Cd-induced activation of MAPK pathways. Collectively, our study has identified a possible mechanistic pathway of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, and identified the participation of GJIC and MAPK-mediated pathways in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, we have shown that salidroside may be a functional chemopreventative agent that ameliorates the negative effects of Cd via GJIC and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Di Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zong-ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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17
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Zou H, Zhuo L, Han T, Hu D, Yang X, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu X, Liu Z. Autophagy and gap junctional intercellular communication inhibition are involved in cadmium-induced apoptosis in rat liver cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:713-9. [PMID: 25778869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is known to induce hepatotoxicity, yet the underlying mechanism of how this occurs is not fully understood. In this study, Cd-induced apoptosis was demonstrated in rat liver cells (BRL 3A) with apoptotic nuclear morphological changes and a decrease in cell index (CI) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The role of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and autophagy in Cd-induced apoptosis was investigated. Cd significantly induced GJIC inhibition as well as downregulation of connexin 43 (Cx43). The prototypical gap junction blocker carbenoxolone disodium (CBX) exacerbated the Cd-induced decrease in CI. Cd treatment was also found to cause autophagy, with an increase in mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes Atg-5, Atg-7, Beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) conversion from cytosolic LC3-I to membrane-bound LC3-II. The autophagic inducer rapamycin (RAP) prevented the Cd-induced CI decrease, while the autophagic inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) caused a further reduction in CI. In addition, CBX promoted Cd-induced autophagy, as well as changes in expression of Atg-5, Atg-7, Beclin-1 and LC3. CQ was found to block the Cd-induced decrease in Cx43 and GJIC inhibition, whereas RAP had opposite effect. These results demonstrate that autophagy plays a protective role during Cd-induced apoptosis in BRL 3A cells during 6 h of experiment, while autophagy exacerbates Cd-induced GJIC inhibition which has a negative effect on cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Liling Zhuo
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, 277160, PR China
| | - Tao Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Di Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Xiaokang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
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18
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Zou H, Hu D, Han T, Zhao H, Xie J, Liu X, Wang Y, Gu J, Yuan Y, Bian J, Liu Z. Salidroside ameliorates Cd-induced calcium overload and gap junction dysfunction in BRL 3A rat liver cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 164:90-8. [PMID: 25524521 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is known that cadmium (Cd) induces cytotoxicity via Ca(2+) signaling, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced cytotoxicity in BRL 3A cells, a rat liver cell line. We observed that Cd treatment was associated with a time-dependent decrease in cell index (CI) in BRL 3A cells. Mechanistically, we observed that Cd exposure was associated with decreased expression of Cx43, P-Cx43, and Cx32. Specifically, Cx43 was decreased at the site of cell-cell junctions at the cell membrane, corresponding to a decrease in gap junctional intercellular connections (GJICs). We also found that Cd triggered a rise in the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), and the intracellular calcium chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis, acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM), prevented the Cd-induced decrease in CI. On the other hand, the gap junction blocker 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin exacerbated cytotoxic injury induced by Cd via further elevating [Ca(2+)]i, The extracellular calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid could partly attenuate Cd-induced calcium elevation but had little effect on GA combined Cd. Furthermore, salidroside as a protective agent prevented Cd-induced GJIC inhibition and calcium overload. Our findings suggest that Cd triggers elevation of [Ca(2+)]i via mainly stimulating Ca(2+) release from intracellular Ca(2+) storage organelles and inhibiting GJIC, causing cytotoxic injury, and salidroside could be used to prevent Cd-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
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Zou H, Liu X, Han T, Hu D, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu Z. Alpha-lipoic acid protects against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity via calcium signalling and gap junctional intercellular communication in rat hepatocytes. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:469-77. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China
| | - Tao Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China
| | - Di Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China
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Hsiao PJ, Jao JC, Tsai JL, Chang WT, Jeng KS, Kuo KK. Inorganic arsenic trioxide induces gap junction loss in association with the downregulation of connexin43 and E-cadherin in rat hepatic "stem-like" cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2013; 30:57-67. [PMID: 24444534 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic trioxide causes tumors of the skin, urinary bladder, lung, and liver. Several cancer initiators and promoters have been shown to alter cell-cell signaling by interference with gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and/or modulation of cell adhesion molecules, such as connexin43 (Cx43), E-cadherin, and β-catenin. The aim of this study was to determine whether the disruption of cell-cell interactions occurs in liver epithelial cells after exposure to arsenic trioxide. WB-F344 cells were treated with arsenic trioxide (6.25-50 μM) for up to 8 hours, and gap junction function was analyzed using the scrape-load/dye transfer assay. In addition, the changes in mRNA and protein levels of Cx43, E-cadherin, and β-catenin were determined. A significant dose- and time-dependent decrease in GJIC was observed when WB-F344 cells were exposed to arsenic trioxide (p < 0.05). Consistent with the inhibition of GJIC, cells' exposure to arsenic trioxide resulted in dose- and time-dependent decreases in Cx43 and E-cadherin mRNA expression and protein levels. However, arsenic trioxide did not alter the mRNA or protein levels of β-catenin. In an immunofluorescence study, nuclei were heavily stained with anti-β-catenin antibody, indicating significant nuclear translocation. In this study, we also demonstrated that arsenic trioxide-induced GJIC loss was a reversible process. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that disruption of cell-cell communication may contribute to the tumor-promoting effect of inorganic arsenic trioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Jung Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Chi Jao
- College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Lian Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Occupational Safety, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shyang Jeng
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Boucherie S, Decaens C, Verbavatz JM, Grosse B, Erard M, Merola F, Cassio D, Combettes L. Cadmium disorganises the scaffolding of gap and tight junction proteins in the hepatic cell line WIF B9. Biol Cell 2013; 105:561-75. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylviane Boucherie
- INSERM U 757; Orsay F-91405 France
- Université Paris-sud; Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Catherine Decaens
- INSERM U 757; Orsay F-91405 France
- Université Paris-sud; Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Jean-Marc Verbavatz
- CEA Saclay, Laboratoire du trafic membranaire; Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 France
| | - Brigitte Grosse
- INSERM U 757; Orsay F-91405 France
- Université Paris-sud; Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Marie Erard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique; Université Paris-sud; Orsay F-91405 France
- CNRS UMR 8000; Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Fabienne Merola
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique; Université Paris-sud; Orsay F-91405 France
- CNRS UMR 8000; Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Doris Cassio
- INSERM U 757; Orsay F-91405 France
- Université Paris-sud; Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Laurent Combettes
- INSERM U 757; Orsay F-91405 France
- Université Paris-sud; Orsay F-91405 France
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17-β-Estradiol counteracts the effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields on trophoblastic connexins and integrins. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:280850. [PMID: 23819010 PMCID: PMC3683487 DOI: 10.1155/2013/280850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMFs) and 17-β-estradiol on connexins (Cxs), integrins (Ints), and estrogen receptor (ER) expression, as well as on ultrastructure of trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells. HF-EMF, 17-β-estradiol, and their combination induced an increase of Cx40 and Cx43 mRNA expression. HF-EMF decreased Int alpha1 and β1 mRNA levels but enhanced Int alpha5 mRNA expression. All the Ints mRNA expressions were increased by 17-β-estradiol and exposure to both stimuli. ER-β mRNA was reduced by HF-EMF but augmented by 17-β-estradiol alone or with HF-EMF. ER-β immunofluorescence showed a cytoplasmic localization in sham and HF-EMF exposed cells which became nuclear after treatment with hormone or both stimuli. Electron microscopy evidenced a loss of cellular contact in exposed cells which appeared counteracted by 17-β-estradiol. We demonstrate that 17-β-estradiol modulates Cxs and Ints as well as ER-β expression induced by HF-EMF, suggesting an influence of both stimuli on trophoblast differentiation and migration.
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The unfolded protein response triggered by environmental factors. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35:259-75. [PMID: 23553212 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequent unfolded protein response (UPR) are involved in a diverse range of pathologies including ischemic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. The UPR is also triggered by various environmental factors; e.g., pollutants, infectious pathogens, therapeutic drugs, alcohol, physical stress, and malnutrition. This review summarizes current knowledge on environmental factors that induce ER stress and describes how the UPR is linked to particular pathological states after exposure to environmental triggers.
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Nagarajan S, Rajendran S, Saran U, Priya MK, Swaminathan A, Siamwala JH, Sinha S, Veeriah V, Sonar P, Jadhav V, Jaffar Ali BM, Chatterjee S. Nitric oxide protects endothelium from cadmium mediated leakiness. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:495-506. [PMID: 23404577 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium targets the vascular endothelium causing endothelial dysfunction and leakiness of endothelial barrier. Nitric oxide plays a major role in mediating endothelial functions including angiogenesis, migration and permeability. The present study investigates the nitric oxide effects on cadmium induced endothelial leakiness. Results of ex vivo and in vitro permeability assays showed that even a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride (1 µM) was sufficient to induce leakiness of endothelial cells. Cadmium drastically altered the actin polymerisation pattern and membrane tension of these cells compared to controls. Addition of nitric oxide donor Spermine NONOate (SP) significantly blunted cadmium-mediated effects and recover endothelial cells integrity. Cadmium-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements and membrane leakiness are associated with the low nitric oxide availability and high reactive oxygen species generation. In brief, we show the protective role of nitric oxide against cadmium-mediated endothelial leakiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugam Nagarajan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India
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Medina MF, Cosci A, Cisint S, Crespo CA, Ramos I, Iruzubieta Villagra AL, Fernández SN. Histopathological and biological studies of the effect of cadmium on Rhinella arenarum gonads. Tissue Cell 2012; 44:418-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Nováková K, Bláha L, Babica P. Tumor promoting effects of cyanobacterial extracts are potentiated by anthropogenic contaminants--evidence from in vitro study. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:30-37. [PMID: 22572165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is affiliated with tumor promotion process and it has been employed as an in vitro biomarker for evaluation of tumor promoting effects of chemicals. In the present study we investigated combined effects of anthropogenic environmental contaminants 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) and fluoranthene, cyanotoxins microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin, and extracts of laboratory cultures of cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon gracile and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, on GJIC in the rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344. Binary mixtures of PCB 153 with fluoranthene and the mixtures of the two cyanobacterial strains elicited simple additive effects on GJIC after 30 min exposure, whereas microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin neither inhibited GJIC nor altered effects of PCB 153 or fluoranthene. However, synergistic effects were observed in the cells exposed to binary mixtures of anthropogenic contaminants (PCB 153 or fluoranthene) and cyanobacterial extracts. The synergistic effects were especially pronounced after prolonged (6-24h) co-exposure to fluoranthene and A. gracile extract, when mixture caused nearly complete GJIC inhibition, while none of the individual components caused any downregulation of GJIC at the same concentration and exposure time. The effects of cyanobacterial extracts were independent of microcystin-LR or cylindrospermopsin, which were not detected in cyanobacterial biomass. It provides further evidence on the presence of unknown tumor promoting metabolites in cyanobacteria. Clear potentiation of the GJIC inhibition observed in the mixtures of two anthropogenic contaminants and cyanobacteria highlight the importance of combined toxic effects of chemicals in complex environmental mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Nováková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, Brno CZ62500, Czech Republic.
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Fang X, Huang T, Zhu Y, Yan Q, Chi Y, Jiang JX, Wang P, Matsue H, Kitamura M, Yao J. Connexin43 hemichannels contribute to cadmium-induced oxidative stress and cell injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2427-39. [PMID: 21235398 PMCID: PMC3096519 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential involvement of connexin hemichannels in cadmium ions (Cd(2+))-elicited cell injury. Transfection of LLC-PK1 cells with a wild-type connexin43 (Cx43) sensitized them to Cd(2+)-elicited cell injury. The cell susceptibility to Cd(2+) was increased by depletion of glutathione (GSH) with DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine, and decreased by N-acetyl-cysteine or glutathione reduced ethyl ester. Fibroblasts derived from Cx43 wild-type (Cx43+/+) and knockout (Cx43-/-) fetal littermates displayed different susceptibility to Cd(2+). Cd(2+) induced a higher concentration of reactive oxygen species, a stronger activation c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and significantly more severe cell injury in Cx43+/+ fibroblasts, as compared with Cx43-/- fibroblasts. Cd(2+) caused a reduction in intracellular GSH, whereas it elevated extracellular GSH. This effect of Cd(2+) was more dramatic in Cx43+/+ than Cx43-/- fibroblasts. Treatment of Cx43+/+ fibroblasts with Cd(2+) caused a Cx43 hemichannel-dependent influx of Lucifer Yellow and efflux of ATP. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Cx43 sensitizes cells to Cd(2+)-initiated cytotoxicity, possibly through hemichannel-mediated effects on intracellular oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Molecular Signaling, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Vinken M, Ceelen L, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V. Inhibition of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication by Toxic Metals. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1862-7. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100276f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Ceelen
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Lin FL, Chang CI, Chuang KP, Wang CY, Liu HJ. Advanced glycation end products down-regulate gap junctions in human hepatoma SKHep 1 cells via the activation of Src-dependent ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK/AP1 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8636-8642. [PMID: 20681653 DOI: 10.1021/jf904240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with an elevated risk of developing several cancers in diabetic patients. However, the detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The mechanism of AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA) on gap junction intercellular communication in human hepatoma cell line, SKHep 1, was investigated. Both Cx32 and Cx43 are major gap junction forming proteins in the liver, the loss of which has been shown to facilitate tumorigenesis. Although the MTT assay results showed that AGE-BSA significantly increased cell growth by 31%, AGE-BSA down-regulated Cx32 and Cx43 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The present study also demonstrated that ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK were significantly activated by AGE-BSA and that Src, ERK1/2, and JNK/SAPK inhibitors significantly reversed the reduction of Cx32 and Cx43 proteins by AGE-BSA. Taken together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that Src-dependent ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK/AP1 signaling pathways play a key role in AGE-BSA-mediated down-regulation of Cx32 and Cx43 protein expression in SKHep 1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng L Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Role of metallothionein in cadmium traffic and toxicity in kidneys and other mammalian organs. Biometals 2010; 23:897-926. [PMID: 20549307 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins are cysteine-rich, small metal-binding proteins present in various mammalian tissues. Of the four common metallothioneins, MT-1 and MT-2 (MTs) are expressed in most tissues, MT-3 is predominantly present in brain, whereas MT-4 is restricted to the squamous epithelia. The expression of MT-1 and MT-2 in some organs exhibits sex, age, and strain differences, and inducibility with a variety of stimuli. In adult mammals, MTs have been localized largely in the cell cytoplasm, but also in lysosomes, mitochondria and nuclei. The major physiological functions of MTs include homeostasis of essential metals Zn and Cu, protection against cytotoxicity of Cd and other toxic metals, and scavenging free radicals generated in oxidative stress. The role of MTs in Cd-induced acute and chronic toxicity, particularly in liver and kidneys, is reviewed in more details. In acute toxicity, liver is the primary target, whereas in chronic toxicity, kidneys are major targets of Cd. The intracellular MTs bind Cd ions and form CdMT. In chronic intoxication, Cd stimulates de novo synthesis of MTs; it is assumed that toxicity in the cells starts when loading with Cd ions exceeds the buffering capacity of intracellular MTs. CdMT, released from the Cd-injured organs, or when applied parenterally for experimental purposes, reaches the kidneys via circulation, where it is filtered, endocytosed in the proximal tubule cells, and degraded in lysosomes. Liberated Cd can immediately affect the cell structures and functions. The resulting proteinuria and CdMT in the urine can be used as biomarkers of tubular injury.
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Escobar MDC, Souza V, Bucio L, Hernández E, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Gutiérrez Ruiz MC. MAPK activation is involved in cadmium-induced Hsp70 expression in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 19:503-9. [PMID: 19817660 DOI: 10.3109/15376510903325670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most toxic elements to which man can be exposed at work or in the environment. By far, the most salient toxicological property of Cd is its exceptionally long half-life in the human body. Once absorbed, Cd accumulates in the human body, particularly in the liver and other vital organs. The cellular actions of Cd are extensively documented, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these actions are still not resolved. It is known that Cd activates the activator protein-1 (AP-1), but no data about the pathway involved are reported for liver. The objective was to provide a greater insight into the effect of cadmium on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK's) involved in signal transduction, its relationship with AP-1 activation, and heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 expression, in HepG2 cells. AP-1 activation as a result of 5 microM CdCl(2) exposure was increased 24.5-fold over control cells after 4 h treatment. To investigate the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK's), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK's) and p38 kinases in cadmium-induced AP-1 activation, specific MAPKs inhibitors were used. AP-1 activation decreased by 74% with ERK inhibition, by 83% with p38 inhibition, while inhibition of JNK decreased by 70%. Only ERK and JNK participated in Hsp70 production, conferring cell protection against cadmium damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma del Carmen Escobar
- Doctorado en Biología Experimental, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, México D.F., México
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Vinken M, Doktorova T, Decrock E, Leybaert L, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V. Gap junctional intercellular communication as a target for liver toxicity and carcinogenicity. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 44:201-22. [PMID: 19635038 DOI: 10.1080/10409230903061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Direct communication between hepatocytes, mediated by gap junctions, constitutes a major regulatory platform in the control of liver homeostasis, ranging from hepatocellular proliferation to hepatocyte cell death. Inherent to this pivotal task, gap junction functionality is frequently disrupted upon impairment of the homeostatic balance, as occurs during liver toxicity and carcinogenicity. In the present paper, the deleterious effects of a number of chemical and biological toxic compounds on hepatic gap junctions are discussed, including environmental pollutants, biological toxins, organic solvents, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, peroxides, metals and phthalates. Particular attention is paid to the molecular mechanisms that underlie the abrogation of gap junction functionality. Since hepatic gap junctions are specifically targeted by tumor promoters and epigenetic carcinogens, both in vivo and in vitro, inhibition of gap junction functionality is considered as a suitable indicator for the detection of nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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33
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Upham BL, Park JS, Babica P, Sovadinova I, Rummel AM, Trosko JE, Hirose A, Hasegawa R, Kanno J, Sai K. Structure-activity-dependent regulation of cell communication by perfluorinated fatty acids using in vivo and in vitro model systems. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:545-51. [PMID: 19440492 PMCID: PMC2679597 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkanoates, [e.g., perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)], are known peroxisome proliferators that induce hepatomegaly and hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents, and are classic non-genotoxic carcinogens that inhibit in vitro gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). This inhibition of GJIC is known to be a function of perfluorinated carbon lengths ranging from 7 to 10. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if the inhibition of GJIC by PFOA but not perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA) observed in F344 rat liver cells in vitro also occurs in F344 rats in vivo and to determine mechanisms of PFOA dysregulation of GJIC using in vitro assay systems. METHODS We used an incision load/dye transfer technique to assess GJIC in livers of rats exposed to PFOA and PFPeA. We used in vitro assays with inhibitors of cell signaling enzymes and antioxidants known to regulate GJIC to identify which enzymes regulated PFOA-induced inhibition of GJIC. RESULTS PFOA inhibited GJIC and induced hepatomegaly in rat livers, whereas PFPeA had no effect on either end point. Serum biochemistry of liver enzymes indicated no cytotoxic response to these compounds. In vitro analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) indicated that PFOA, but not PFPeA, can activate the extracellular receptor kinase (ERK). Inhibition of GJIC, in vitro, by PFOA depended on the activation of both ERK and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) in the dysregulation of GJIC in an oxidative-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro analysis of GJIC, an epigenetic marker of tumor promoters, can also predict the in vivo activity of PFOA, which dysregulated GJIC via ERK and PC-PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad L Upham
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Kitamura M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in renal pathophysiology: Janus faces. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F323-34. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00050.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of pathophysiological insults lead to accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cause ER stress. In response to accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins, cells adapt themselves to the stress condition via the unfolded protein response (UPR). For the cells, UPR is a double-edged sword. It triggers both prosurvival and proapoptotic signals. ER stress and UPR may, therefore, be involved in a diverse range of pathological situations. However, currently, information is limited regarding roles of ER stress and UPR in the renal pathophysiology. This review describes current knowledge on the relationship between ER stress and diseases and summarizes evidence for the link between ER stress/UPR and renal diseases.
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the kidney. Clin Exp Nephrol 2008; 12:317-325. [PMID: 18536867 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-008-0060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in a wide range of pathological circumstances including neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes mellitus, ischemic injury, cancers, atherosclerosis, inflammation, infection, toxicity of chemicals and metals, and psychotic diseases. ER stress is also involved in some physiological events including development of particular cell types. A number of pathophysiological triggers cause accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER, i.e., ER stress. In response to accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins, cells adapt themselves to the stress conditions via a coordinated adaptive program, the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is a double-edged sword. It induces both prosurvival and proapoptotic signaling. It also triggers both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals. In this review, I summarize current knowledge on putative, pathophysiological roles of ER stress in the kidney.
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Prozialeck WC, Edwards JR, Nebert DW, Woods JM, Barchowsky A, Atchison WD. The vascular system as a target of metal toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2008; 102:207-18. [PMID: 17947343 PMCID: PMC2752624 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular system function involves complex interactions among the vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, the immune system, and the nervous system. The toxic metals cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) can target the vascular system in a variety of ways, ranging from hemorrhagic injury to subtle pathogenic remodeling and metabolic changes. Acute Cd exposure results in hemorrhagic injury to the testis, although some strains of animals are resistant to this effect. A comparison of Cd-sensitive with Cd-resistant mouse strains showed that expression of the Slc39a8 gene, encoding the ZIP8 transporter, in the testis vasculature endothelium is responsible for this difference. Endogenously, ZIP8 is a Mn(2+)/HCO(3)(-)symporter that may also contribute to Cd damage in the kidney. Chronic Cd exposure is associated with various cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy and it is reported to have both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic activities. At noncytotoxic concentrations of 10-100nM, Cd can inhibit chemotaxis and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. These angiostatic effects may be mediated through disruption of vascular endothelial cadherin, a Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecule. With regard to As, ingestion of water containing disease-promoting concentrations of As promotes capillarization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium. Because capillarization is a hallmark precursor for liver fibrosis and contributes to an imbalance of lipid metabolism, this As effect on hepatic endothelial cells may be a pathogenic mechanism underlying As-related vascular diseases. With regard to Pb, perinatal exposure may cause sustained elevations in adult blood pressure, and genetically susceptible animals may show enhanced sensitivity to this effect. Taken together, these data indicate that the vascular system is a critical target of metal toxicity and that actions of metals on the vascular system may play important roles in mediating the pathophysiologic effects of metals in specific target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter C Prozialeck
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA.
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Thompson J, Wong L, Lau PS, Bannigan J. Adherens junction breakdown in the periderm following cadmium administration in the chick embryo: distribution of cadherins and associated molecules. Reprod Toxicol 2007; 25:39-46. [PMID: 18031986 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The teratogenic metal cadmium (Cd) has been found to cause ventral body wall defects similar to human omphalocele when administered to post-gastrulation chick embryos prior to body wall folding. From 4h after Cd, affected embryos demonstrate varying degrees of cell junction breakdown and desquamation in the periderm. We examined the effect of Cd on tissue and cell distribution of cadherins and their intracellular associates. METHODS Chicks were explanted and given 50microl of 50microM Cd solution at 60h incubation (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 16-17). To examine peridermal junctions, embryos were processed into resin and ultra-thin sections examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tissue was processed into paraffin and 6microm sections treated according to standard protocols for immunohistochemical detection of L-CAM, pan-cadherin, beta-catenin, alpha-1 and alpha-2 catenin. To examine actin distribution, frozen sections were cut at 10-20microm, stained with oragon green phalloidin and nuclei counter-stained with propidium iodide. RESULTS The overall tissue distribution of L-CAM, pan-cadherin and the alpha-catenins did not appear to be altered following Cd. However, beta-catenin changed from its normal sub-membranous location to a more general cytoplasmic distribution, with translocation to the nucleus in both peridermal and ectodermal cells. Similarly, actin distribution in the periderm in embryos demonstrating cell junction breakdown was markedly altered, with clumping and disorganization after 4h. CONCLUSIONS Although L-CAM is distributed normally after Cd, post-translational modification may occur causing breakdown of its normal association with the catenins and actin, and allowing beta-catenin to translocate to the nucleus in peri-ectodermal tissue, mimicking the canonical Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Thompson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Pekmez H, Kus I, Colakoglu N, Ogeturk M, Ozyurt H, Turkoglu AO, Sarsilmaz M. The protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against liver damage induced by cigarette smoke inhalation in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2007; 25:395-400. [PMID: 16370025 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and biochemical changes in liver of rats exposed to cigarette smoke and effects of caffeic acid phenetyl ester (CAPE) on these changes. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Animals in Group I were used as control. Rats in Group II were exposed to cigarette smoke and rats in Group III were exposed to cigarette smoke and injected daily with CAPE. At the end of the 60-days experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation and blood samples were obtained. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin levels and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px ), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined. Following routine histological procedures, liver tissue specimens were examined under a light microscope. The levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, SOD, GSH-Px and MDA were significantly increased in rats exposed to cigarette smoke compared with those of the controls. Light microscopic examination of liver specimens from rats exposed to cigarette smoke revealed mononuclear cell infiltration and that some of the hepatocytes had a hyperchromatic nucleus and enlarged sinusoids. The rats which were treated with CAPE along with cigarettes had partially attenuated histological changes associated with cigarette exposure. In conclusion, the damage inflicted by cigarette in the rat liver can be partially prevented by CAPE administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidir Pekmez
- Elazig School of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Li XD, Fu HQ, Li SH, Shang XL, Xing HS, Hu P. Effects of gap junction intercellular communication in rat liver on the proliferation of hepatic oval cells in vivo. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:1583-1590. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i14.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in rat liver on the proliferation of hepatic oval cells (HOC) in vivo.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomized into control group (n = 6), model group and phenobarbital (PB) group. HOC proliferation was induced in the rats of model group: 9 days of treatment with 2-AAF, 20 mg/kg per day by gavage, interrupted on day 5 to perform a 70% hepatectomy (2-AAF/PH). The rats in PB group were administered with PB (0.8 g/L, till the end of experiment) in drinking water, and on the 8th day they received the same treatment as model group. The rats in model and PB group were sacrificed and necropsied at the 4th hour, on the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day (6 rats at each time point) followed hepatectomy. The morphological changes of liver tissues were observed by pathological examination and the proliferation of HOC was counted using immunohistochemistry and morphological recognition. GJIC was confirmed by incision loading/dye transfer (IL/DT), and the levels of CX32 protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The expression of CX43 protein and mRNA were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively.
RESULTS: No HOC proliferation was seen in the rat liver of control, 4-hour model and PB group. HOC appeared at portal area in model group on day 4, increased to the peak on day 8, intensely proliferated from the portal spaces and invaded the liver parenchyma on day 12, and decreased on day 16 as compared with day 12. HOC proliferation had a significant increase in PB group (from day 4 to 16) as compared with that in model group. The distance of dye transfer in model group (4 h, 4, 8, 12, 16 d) was significantly reduced in comparison with that in control group, and moreover, it was further decreased in PB group. The signal number of CX32 in the rat liver of model and PB groups were reduced as compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), and there was also significant differences between model and PB group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The expression of CX32 mRNA in model group at the 4th hour, on the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day was 0.82 ± 0.13, 0.33 ± 0.11, 0.51 ± 0.13, 0.68 ± 0.14 and 1.12 ± 0.18 folds of that in control group, respectively. As compared with that in model group, the level of CX32 mRNA expression in PB group had no statistical difference at the 4th hour (P > 0.05), but had a significant increase on day 4 to 16 (P < 0.05). The expression of CX43 protein in the liver of model group at the 4th hour, on the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day was 1.14 ± 0.17, 3.87 ± 0.35, 5.28 ± 0.48, 2.96 ± 0.33 and 2.12 ± 0.19 folds of that in control group, respectively. As compared with that in model group, the quantity of CX43 protein in PB group had no statistical difference at the 4th hour (P > 0.05), but had a significant decrease on day 4 to 16 (P < 0.05). The level of CX43 mRNA expression in model group at the 4th hour, on the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day was 1.09 ± 0.16, 2.82 ± 0.23, 5.46 ± 0.58, 3.34 ± 0.64 and 0.91 ± 0.11 folds of that in control group, respectively. As compared with that in model group, the level of CX43 mRNA in PB group was increased (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The GJIC of hepatocyte and HOC can be decreased by altering the spatial and temporal expression patterns of CX in rat liver after 2-AAF/PH, which leads to the acceleration of HOC proliferation.
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Li XD, Fu HQ, Li SH, Shang XL, Xing HS, Hu P. Function and significance of gap junction intercellular communication in rat liver for hepatic oval cell proliferation in vivo. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:1475-1481. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i13.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the expression of connexin 32 (CX32) and connexin 43 (CX43) and function of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in rat liver during 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy (2AAF/PH) for hepatic oval cell (HOC) proliferation, and explore the potential mechanism of HOC proliferation in vivo.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomized into normal control group (n = 6) and model group. Rats in model group were used to induce HOC proliferation: 9 days of treatment with 2-AAF, 20 mg/kg per day by gavage, interrupted on day 5 to perform a 70% hepatectomy (2-AAF/PH). At the 4th hour, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day, 6 rats of model group were sacrificed respectively. The morphological changes of liver tissues were observed by pathological examination and the proliferation of HOC was counted using immunohistochemistry and morphological recognition. GJIC was confirmed by incision loading/dye transfer (IL/DT), and the levels of CX32 protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The expression of CX43 protein and mRNA were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively.
RESULTS: No HOC proliferation was seen in the rat liver of control and 4-hour model group. Pathologic examination revealed that HOC appeared at portal area in model group on day 4, increased to the peak on day 8, intensely proliferated from the portal spaces and invaded the liver parenchyma on day 12, and decreased on day 16 as compared with day 12. In comparison with that in control group, the distance of dye transfer in model groups (4 h, 4, 8, 12, 16 d) was significantly reduced (84.5 ± 3.4, 60.6 ± 3.3, 108.6 ± 4.2, 150.6 ± 2.6, 199.6 ± 3.7 μm vs 250.0 ± 5.0 μm, P < 0.01). The signal number of CX32 in the rat liver of model groups began to decrease at the 4th hour, reached to the minimum (2.85 ± 0.39) on day 4, and recovered starting from day 8, and it was markedly reduced as compared with that in control group (P < 0.05). CX32 mRNA in model groups was decreased at the 4th hour, reached the lowest level (0.33 ± 0.11) on day 4 and started to recover on day 8. On day 16, CX32 mRNA expression was also higher than that in control group, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Western blot analysis showed an increased CX43 protein expression at the 4th hour (P > 0.05), on day 4, 8, 12 and 16 (P < 0.01). In comparison with that in control group, the level of CX43 mRNA in model group had a slight increase at the 4th hour (P > 0.05), an obvious increase on day 4, reached the peak on day 12 (5.46 ± 0.58), and started to decrease on day 16 (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Satisfactory rat model of HOC proliferation is successfully obtained using AAF/PH, and this method is convenient, stable and repeatable. Inhibition of GJIC function, which may activate the proliferation of HOC, is regulated by CX expression patterns.
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Yokouchi M, Hiramatsu N, Hayakawa K, Kasai A, Takano Y, Yao J, Kitamura M. Atypical, bidirectional regulation of cadmium-induced apoptosis via distinct signaling of unfolded protein response. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1467-74. [PMID: 17464326 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a widely distributed nephrotoxic metal that causes renal tubular injury. In this report, we investigated involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and individual unfolded protein responses in cadmium-initiated apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells. Cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) induced expression of endogenous ER stress markers, GRP78, GRP94 and CHOP in vitro and in vivo, and subsequently caused cytological changes typical of apoptosis. Attenuation of ER stress by transfection with ER chaperone GRP78 or ORP150 suppressed CdCl(2)-triggered apoptosis. In response to CdCl(2), phosphorylation of RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) was observed. Enhanced phosphorylation of eIF2alpha attenuated, whereas inhibition of eIF2alpha exacerbated CdCl(2)-induced apoptosis. Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) was also activated by CdCl(2) and blockade of this process suppressed induction of CHOP and thereby improved cell survival. CdCl(2) also triggered activation of the inositol-requiring ER-to-nucleus signal kinase 1 (IRE1)-X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway and inhibition of XBP1 attenuated apoptosis independent of GRP78 and CHOP. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), another molecule downstream of IRE1, was also phosphorylated by CdCl(2) and its inhibition attenuated apoptosis. These results evidenced bidirectional regulation of apoptosis in cadmium-exposed cells. The ATF6 and IRE1 pathways cooperatively caused apoptosis via induction of CHOP, activation of XBP1 and phosphorylation of JNK, and the PERK-eIF2alpha pathway counteracted the proapoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yokouchi
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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The vascular endothelium as a target of cadmium toxicity. Life Sci 2006; 79:1493-506. [PMID: 16765992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important industrial and environmental pollutant that can produce a wide variety of adverse effects in humans and animals. A growing volume of evidence indicates that the vascular endothelium may be one of the primary targets of Cd toxicity in vivo. Studies over the past 20 years have shown that Cd, at relatively low, sublethal concentrations, can target vascular endothelial cells at a variety of molecular levels, including cell adhesion molecules, metal ion transporters and protein kinase signaling pathways. The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of these recent studies and to discuss the implications of these findings with regard to the mechanisms of Cd toxicity in specific organs including the lung, liver, kidney, testis and heart. In addition the possible roles of the vascular endothelium in mediating the tumor promoting and anticarcinogenic effects of Cd are discussed.
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Pereira R, Pereira ML, Ribeiro R, Gonçalves F. Tissues and hair residues and histopathology in wild rats (Rattus rattus L.) and Algerian mice (Mus spretus Lataste) from an abandoned mine area (Southeast Portugal). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 139:561-75. [PMID: 16099561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Data gathered in this study suggested the exposure of rats and Algerian mice, living in an abandoned mining area, to a mixture of heavy metals. Although similar histopathological features were recorded in the liver and spleen of both species, the Algerian mouse has proved to be the strongest bioaccumulator species. Hair was considered to be a good biological material to monitor environmental contamination of Cr in rats. Significant positive associations were found between the levels of this element in hair/kidney (r=0.826, n=9, p<0.01) and hair/liver (r=0.697, n=9, p=0.037). Although no association was found between the levels of As recorded in the hair and in the organs, the levels of this element recorded in the hair, of both species, were significantly higher in animals captured in the mining area, which met the data from the organs analysed. Nevertheless, more studies will be needed to reduce uncertainty about cause-effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Diep PTN, Denizeau F, Jumarie C. Kinetics of the early subcellular distribution of cadmium in rat hepatocytes. Biometals 2005; 18:255-67. [PMID: 15984570 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-005-1538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the early subcellular distribution of cadmium (Cd) was characterized in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to 10, 50 and 100 microM Cd in a serum-free WME medium for 10, 30 or 60 min. Our results demonstrate a time- and concentration-dependent increase in Cd content with the highest metal concentration measured in the cytosol, whereas the lowest was observed in the mitochondria. With the exception of early localization in the plasma membrane, Cd concentrations in fractions were characterized by the following decreasing order of magnitude: cytosol > low density molecules approximately nuclei > lysosomes approximately mitochondria. We also found evidence for: (i) a two-step process for Cd distribution in the nuclei and mitochondria; and (ii) a time-dependent 'slow' process of transfer from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. Saturation in Cd uptake was observed at 50 microM in most cell fractions at 10 and 30 min, except for the plasma membrane. The lack of apparent saturation for Cd accumulation at 60 min was not related to an increase in metallothionein synthesis. Altogether, our data provide insights into the dynamics of transfer between intracellular compartments, and allow a better identification of the organelles that are the most subjected to Cd toxicity for early exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham T N Diep
- Department de chimie, Université dal Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
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Aravindakshan J, Cyr DG. Nonylphenol alters connexin 43 levels and connexin 43 phosphorylation via an inhibition of the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Biol Reprod 2005; 72:1232-40. [PMID: 15647452 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.038596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are exogenous compounds that mimic or inhibit the action of estrogens or other hormones. Nonylphenol, an environmental contaminant distributed along the St. Lawrence River, has been reported to act as a weak estrogen. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that rats that were fed fish taken from nonylphenol contaminated sites have altered spermatogenesis and decreased sperm count. The mechanism responsible for this effect is unknown. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the testis is critical for coordinating spermatogenesis. The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of nonylphenol on GJIC and connexin 43 (Cx43) in a murine Sertoli cell line, TM4. Cells were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations (1 to 50 microM) of either nonylphenol or 17beta-estradiol. GJIC was determined using a microinjection approach in which Lucifer yellow was injected directly into a single cell, and GJIC was assessed 3 min postinjection. Nonylphenol exposure decreased GJIC between adjacent cells by almost 80% relative to controls. A significant concentration-dependent reduction in GJIC was observed at nonylphenol concentrations between 1 and 50 microM. Cx43 immunofluorescent staining was reduced at both 10 and 50 microM doses of nonylphenol. Cx43 phosphorylation, as determined by Western blot analysis, was reduced at both 10 and 50 microM concentrations, which may explain, at least in part, the inhibition of GJIC. In contrast, no effect on GJIC or Cx43 protein was observed in cells exposed to 17beta-estradiol at these concentrations. Cx43 has been reported to be phosphorylated via the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. P38-MAPK activity was assessed in both control and nonylphenol-exposed cells. A dose-dependent decrease in p38-MAPK activity was observed in nonylphenol-exposed Sertoli cells. Protein kinase C activity was also measured and was not influenced by nonylphenol. These results suggest that nonylphenol inhibits GJIC between Sertoli cells and that this is modulated via nonestrogenic pathways.
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Leoni G, Bogliolo L, Deiana G, Berlinguer F, Rosati I, Pintus PP, Ledda S, Naitana S. Influence of cadmium exposure on in vitro ovine gamete dysfunction. Reprod Toxicol 2002; 16:371-77. [PMID: 12220597 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-6238(02)00040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the in vitro effects of three different cadmium concentrations (0, 2, and 20 microM CdCl(2)) on oocyte maturation, fertilisation, and acrosome integrity and sperm viability in sheep. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were recovered from ovaries of slaughtered sheep and sperm were collected by artificial vagina from adult rams. The oocyte maturation rate was significantly affected (P < 0.001) by Cd at both concentrations, with a metaphase II (MII) rate of 96.8, 63.8, and 32.0% for 0, 2, and 20 microM cadmium, respectively. In the second experiment, the presence of Cd significantly decreased (P < 0.01) the rate of oocytes resting in MII after 24-h postmaturation culture, compared with the control group (93.8 versus 29.0 and 19.8%, respectively, for 0, 2, and 20 microM Cd). Oocytes cultured with Cd 2 microM showed a higher activation rate (59.5%, P < 0.001) with one or two pronucleus than with 0 and 20 microM Cd (6.2 and 22.9%, respectively). During fertilisation the presence of fertilised oocytes was decreased in both culture systems with Cd compared with the control (76.1, 25.9, and 4.7% for 0, 2, and 20 microM Cd, respectively; P < 0.001) while polyspermy was increased in the 2 microM Cd group (23.5 for 2 microM versus 6.7 and 0%, respectively, for 0 and 20 microM groups). In both experiments Cd significantly increased (P < 0.001) the rates of oocyte degeneration. In the third experiment, Cd 20 microM significantly decreased (P < 0.01) the viability rate (35.6%) of spermatozoa compared with 2 microM (57.6%) and 0 microM (54.4%) while Cd 2 microM increased (P < 0.01) acrosome-reacted spermatozoa (45.2%) compared with 20 microM (32.5%) and control (31.9%). The results suggest that in vitro cadmium at the lowest dose tested affects the physiological function of both ovine gametes but at higher dose tested can compromise cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Leoni
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Sassari, V Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Abstract
Gap junctions (Gj) play an important role in the communication between cells of many tissues. They are composed of channels that permit the passage of ions and low molecular weight metabolites between adjacent cells, without exposure to the extracellular environment. These pathways are formed by the interaction between two hemichannels on the surface of opposing cells. These hemichannels are formed by the association of six identical subunits, named connexins (Cx), which are integral membrane proteins. Cell coupling via Gj is dependent on the specific pattern of Cx gene expression. This pattern of gene expression is altered during several pathological conditions resulting in changes of cell coupling. The regulation of Cx gene expression is affected at different levels from transcription to post translational processes during injury. In addition, Gj cellular communication is regulated by gating mechanisms. The alteration of Gj communication during injury could be rationalized by two opposite theories. One hypothesis proposes that the alteration of Gj communication attenuates the spread of toxic metabolites from the injured area to healthy organ regions. The alternative proposition is that a reduction of cellular communication reduces the loss of important cellular metabolisms, such as ATP and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Maio
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Pocar P, Brevini TA, Perazzoli F, Cillo F, Modina S, Gandolfi F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on oocyte developmental competence in cattle. Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 60:535-41. [PMID: 11746964 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can interfere with normal reproductive functions acting as endocrine disruptors. Aroclor-1254 (A-1254), is a pool of more than 60 congeners used for in vitro studies because its composition is representative of PCBs environmental pollution. We previously demonstrated that the exposure of bovine oocytes to A-1254 during in vitro maturation (IVM) was detrimental not only to the maturation process but also induced a significant increase of polyspermy and a reduction of developmental competence. Therefore, we investigated whether A-1254 acts on two processes that occur during IVM and may be related with its negative effects: maternal mRNA polyadenylation and cortical granules (CGs) migration and exocytosis. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were exposed to 0.1 microg/ml of A-1254 during IVM, a level of exposure known to affect oocyte maturation, fertilization, and developmental competence. Oocyte exposure to A-1254 altered the poly(A) tail length of 5 out of 10 genes examined. PCBs effect on mRNA polyadenylation was different depending on the gene considered and resulted either in a shorter or in a longer poly(A) tail. At the end of maturation, Aroclor treated oocytes presented clustered CG in a significantly higher percentage than the control group. In addition, CG exocytosis after 8 hr of fertilization occurred at significantly lower extent in zygotes derived from the exposed group compared to control. Our results indicated that the lower developmental competence of oocytes exposed to PCBs during IVM can be related to the interaction of these contaminants with mechanisms regulating maternal mRNA storage in the ooplasm and normal CGs function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pocar
- Department of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, Via Trentacoste, University of Milan, 2-20134 Milan, Italy
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Jeon SH, Cho MH, Cho JH. Effects of cadmium on gap junctional intercellular communication in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2001; 20:577-83. [PMID: 11926612 DOI: 10.1191/096032701718620855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium has been associated with a number of tumors but its role in tumor promotion has not been elucidated clearly or the results obtained from various studies have been conflicting. This study was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium on the gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), number of gap junctions per cell, and cell proliferation in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells from the viewpoint of tumor promotion. GJIC was monitored by counting the cells stained with Lucifer yellow CH dye, using the scrape-loading and dye-transfer method. The numbers of gap junctions per cell were visually quantitated after an indirect immunostaining for gap junction protein using an antibody to connexin 43. Cell proliferation was assayed by direct counting of the living cells using the trypan blue dye exclusion method. In the time course study, cells treated with 200 microM CdCl2 showed rapid and nearly complete inhibition of GJIC (approximately 14% of the control) and a decrease in the number of gap junctions per cell (approximately 21% of the control) at 30 min, and the decrease continued up to 4 h without any changes in the cell viability. Treatment with CdCl2 (7.4-200 microM) for 4 h resulted in the decrease of GJIC and gap junction numbers per cell in a dose-response pattern without changes in the cell viability. In the long-term (14 days) exposure studies at doses of 0.01-7.4 microM CdCl2, an increase in cell proliferation was observed at low doses of 0.03-2.5 microM CdCl2, with GJIC also decreasing. These data demonstrate that cadmium inhibits GJIC, reduces the number of gap junctions per cell, and induces cell proliferation while decreasing the function of the gap junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jeon
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, South Korea
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Fang MZ, Mar WC, Cho MH. Cadmium-induced alterations of connexin expression in the promotion stage of in vitro two-stage transformation. Toxicology 2001; 161:117-27. [PMID: 11295261 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the multistage carcinogenesis, functions of several key genes involved in the cell cycle control and cell-cell communication can be damaged. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is known to transfer small, water-soluble molecules through intercellular channels composed of proteins called connexins (Cxs). Therefore, aberrant expression of Cx may be one of the critical factors for the clonal expansion of initiated cells during the two-stage transformation. We already improved the classical in vitro two-stage transformation method using N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) as an initiator and cadmium as a promoter on Balb/3T3 A31 cells, and reconfirmed the promotional effect of cadmium with this method (Fang, M.Z., Cho, M.H., Lee, H.W., 2001. Improvement of in vitro two-stage transformation assay and detection of the promotional effect of cadmium, Toxicol. In Vitro (in press). In this study, precise roles of Cd on Cx expression in normal Balb/3T3 A31 and during the promotion stage of the in vitro two-stage transformation were elucidated. For this purpose, the Cx43, Cx32 and Cx26 protein levels, Cx43 and Cx26 mRNA levels and the cellular distribution location of Cx43 protein were determined. Normal Balb/3T3 cells expressed Cx43 and Cx32, but not Cx26. After a short-term treatment of cadmium on normal cells, phosphorylation of Cx43 protein increased and Cx32 protein level decreased. However, during the promotion stage of the in vitro two-stage transformation, transformed cells treated with cadmium for long periods expressed Cx43 and Cx32 highly, similar to the level of normal Balb/3T3 cells, compared to the nontransformed cells. Moreover, Cx43 of the transformed cells was distributed mostly in the perinuclear region rather than the intercellular membrane. These data suggest that cadmium may inhibit the GJIC by increasing the phosphorylation of Cx43 and decreasing the expression of Cx32 in the normal Balb/3T3 A31 cells. Our results also suggest that these changes are not associated with the cell transformation; transformed cells may reexpress Cx43 and Cx32 similar to the normal cells, though Cx43 protein is distributed aberrantly during the transformation process. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between transformation and posttranslational modification of the Cx proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Fang
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 441-744, Suwon, South Korea
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