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Liu LL, Shannahan J, Zheng W. Choroid Plexus Modulates Subventricular Zone Adult Neurogenesis and Olfaction Through Secretion of Small Extracellular Vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532966. [PMID: 36993578 PMCID: PMC10055063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The choroid plexus (CP) in brain ventricles secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that bathes the adjacent subventricular zone (SVZ); the latter is the largest neurogenic region in adult brain harboring neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and supplies newborn neurons to the olfactory bulb (OB) for normal olfaction. We discovered the presence of a CP-SVZ regulatory (CSR) axis in which the CP, by secreting small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), regulated adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and maintained olfaction. The proposed CSR axis was supported by 1) differential neurogenesis outcomes in the OB when animals treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of sEVs collected from the CP of normal or manganese (Mn)-poisoned mice, 2) progressively diminished SVZ adult neurogenesis in mice following CP-targeted knockdown of SMPD3 to suppress CP sEV secretion, and 3) compromised olfactory performance in these CP-SMPD3-knockdown mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the biological and physiological presence of this sEV-dependent CSR axis in adult brains. HIGHLIGHTS CP-secreted sEVs regulate adult neurogenesis in the SVZ.CP-secreted sEVs modulate newborn neurons in the OB.Suppression of sEV secretion from the CP deteriorates olfactory performance.
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Sharma S, Malhotra L, Mukherjee P, Kaur N, Krishanlata T, Srikanth CV, Mishra V, Banerjee BD, Ethayathulla AS, Sharma RS. Putative interactions between transthyretin and endosulfan II and its relevance in breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123670. [PMID: 36796556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The unregulated use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been linked to spread of breast cancer (BC), but the underlying biomolecular interactions are unknown. Using a case-control study, we compared OCP blood levels and protein signatures among BC patients. Five pesticides were found in significantly higher concentrations in breast cancer patients than in healthy controls: p',p' dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), p'p' dichloro diphenyl dichloroethane (DDD), endosulfan II, delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (dHCH), and heptachlor epoxide A (HTEA). According to the odds ratio analysis, these OCPs, which have been banned for decades, continue to raise the risk of cancer in Indian women. Proteomic analysis of plasma from estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients revealed 17 dysregulated proteins, but transthyretin (TTR) was three times higher than in healthy controls, which is further validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed a competitive affinity between endosulfan II and the thyroxine-binding site of TTR, pointing towards the significance of the competition between thyroxin and endosulfan, resulting in endocrine disruption leading to breast cancer. Our study sheds light on the putative role of TTR in OCP-mediated BC, but more research is needed to decipher the underlying mechanisms that can be used to prevent the carcinogenic effects of these pesticides on women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; Department of Biophysics, All India Institutes of Medial, Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Lakshay Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institutes of Medial, Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Paromita Mukherjee
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences, GTB Hospital, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Thammineni Krishanlata
- Environmental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Chittur V Srikanth
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3 (rd) milestones, Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; Centre for Inter-disciplinary Studies of Mountain & Hill Environment (CISMHE), University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India.
| | | | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; Delhi School of Climate Change & Sustainability, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Duman T, Akyüz E, Bulut H, Koçyiğit A, Tülek A, Karataş E, Kırpınar İ. Investigation of Diagnostic Proteins by 2D Electrophoresis in Major Depression Model Induced by Forced Swim Test in Rats. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:195-204. [PMID: 32729412 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999200729183729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aside from its pervasiveness, whereby it affects as much as 20% of the world's population, depression continues to be one of the most crucial psychiatric problems due to the loss of power it causes by disrupting daily life functioning, containing economic consequences, and having a high suicidal tendency. Major depression (MD) is a systemic and multifactorial disorder involving complex interactions between genetic predisposition and disturbances of various molecular pathways. OBJECTIVES In our current study, we aimed to identify the proteins obtained from serum samples that change during depression with the MD model. METHODS The MD model was applied through the forced swim test in rats. 14 Winstar Albino male rats were divided into two equal groups as follows: depression and control groups. Serum samples were separated by chromatographic methods and then compared with two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis. RESULTS A total of 9 potential diagnostic protein sequences were identified, which were distinguished with computer software. During the last phase of the study, the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization - Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis, the previous expression sequences identified among the groups were determined and classified. By comparing protein expressions, it was concluded that 9 different points could be used together as a potential biomarker. CONCLUSION Results can help us identify a new diagnostic system that can be used to diagnose MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Duman
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enes Akyüz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Koçyiğit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tülek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Ersin Karataş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - İsmet Kırpınar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Liu J, Xiong Y, Huang Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yan J. A quinoline–benzothiazole hybrid as the first near-infrared fluorescent probe for transthyretin. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02472h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A quinoline-benzothiazole hybrid was rationally developed as the first NIR fluorescent probe for detecting transthyretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Liu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yinghong Xiong
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinyin Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinwu Yan
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Cai QL, Peng DJ, Lin-Zhao, Chen JW, Yong-Li, Luo HL, Ou SY, Huang ML, Jiang YM. Impact of Lead Exposure on Thyroid Status and IQ Performance among School-age Children Living Nearby a Lead-Zinc Mine in China. Neurotoxicology 2020; 82:177-185. [PMID: 33115663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure is one of the most concerning public health problems worldwide, particularly among children. Yet the impact of chronic lead exposure on the thyroid status and related intelligence quotient performance among school-age children remained elusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of lead exposure on the thyroid hormones, amino acid neurotransmitters balances, and intelligence quotient (IQ) among school-age children living nearby a lead-zinc mining site. Other factors such as rice lead levels, mothers' smoking behavior, and diet intake were also investigated. METHODS A total of 255 children aged 7-12 years old were recruited in this study. Blood lead level (BLL), thyroid hormones including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and amino acid neurotransmitters such as glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), chemiluminescence immunoassay, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Raven's standard progressive matrices (SPM) and the questionnaire were used to determine IQ and collect related influence factors. RESULTS The average BLL of children was 84.8 μg/L. The occurrence of lead intoxication (defined as the BLL ≥ 100 μg/L) was 31.8%. Serum TSH levels and IQ of lead-intoxicated children were significantly lower than those without lead toxicity. The GABA level of girls with the lead intoxication was higher than those with no lead-exposed group. Correlation analyses revealed that BLL were inversely associated with the serum TSH levels (R= -0.186, p < 0.05), but positively related with IQ grades (R = 0.147, p < 0.05). Moreover, BLL and Glu were inversely correlated with IQ. In addition, this study revealed four factors that may contribute to the incidence of lead intoxication among children, including the frequency of mother smoking (OR = 3.587, p < 0.05) and drinking un-boiled stagnant tap water (OR = 3.716, p < 0.05); eating fresh fruits and vegetables (OR = 0.323, p < 0.05) and soy products regularly (OR = 0.181, p < 0.05) may protect against lead intoxication. CONCLUSION Lead exposure affects the serum TSH, GABA levels and IQ of school-aged children. Developing good living habits, improving environment, increasing the intake of high-quality protein and fresh vegetable and fruit may improve the condition of lead intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ling Cai
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin-Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Public Health Office, Wuhan First Hospital, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yong-Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Wanzhou District Health Committee, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hai-Lan Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi-Yan Ou
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming-Li Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Zhou S, Ge S, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Yuan S, Lo GV, Dou Y. Conventional Molecular Dynamics and Metadynamics Simulation Studies of the Binding and Unbinding Mechanism of TTR Stabilizers AG10 and Tafamidis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3025-3035. [PMID: 32915538 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a widespread and fatal systemic amyloidosis characterized by the misfolding and amyloid aggregation of transthyretin (TTR). Studies suggest that dissociation of the TTR tetramer is the key step for its misfolding. Because of the importance of tetramer dissociation on ATTR amyloidosis, many TTR stabilizers have been discovered to stabilize the tetramer structure. This paper describes the application conventional molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations to investigate the binding and unbinding mechanisms of two TTR stabilizers, including AG10 and tafamidis. AG10 has been granted an orphan drug designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and tafamidis was the first FDA-approved treatment for ATTR cardiomyopathy. The conventional molecular dynamics simulations reveal that both AG10 and tafamidis can stabilize the TTR tetramer through different mechanisms. AG10 stabilizes TTR tetramer by forming H-bonds with S117 to mimic the protective effect of T119M. Tafamidis stabilizes the tetramer by forming H-bond with S52 in the flexible CD loop to increase its structural stability. Despite the strong binding affinity of tafamidis, the free-energy surface constructed from metadynamics simulation suggests that tafamidis unbinds more readily than AG10 with lower free-energy barriers between the binding state and other intermediates. Finally, by performing pharmacophore analysis, we found two common important moieties of the studied compounds for their binding on the pockets, which can provide valuable guidance for future lead compounds' optimization in designing drugs for ATTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Siyu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Glenn V. Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2022, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310, United States
| | - Yusheng Dou
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2022, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310, United States
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Ren XM, Yao L, Xue Q, Shi J, Zhang Q, Wang P, Fu J, Zhang A, Qu G, Jiang G. Binding and Activity of Tetrabromobisphenol A Mono-Ether Structural Analogs to Thyroid Hormone Transport Proteins and Receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:107008. [PMID: 33095664 PMCID: PMC7584160 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) mono-ether structural analogs, identified as the by-products or transformation products of commercial TBBPA bis-ether derivatives, have been identified as emerging widespread pollutants. However, there is very little information regarding their toxicological effects. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the potential thyroid hormone (TH) system-disrupting effect of TBBPA mono-ether structural analogs. METHODS The binding potencies of chemicals toward human TH transport proteins [transthyretin (TTR) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)] and receptors [TRα ligand-binding domain (LBD) and TRβ-LBD] were determined by fluorescence competitive binding assays. Molecular docking was used to simulate the binding modes of the chemicals with the proteins. The cellular TR-disrupting potencies of chemicals were assessed by a GH3 cell proliferation assay. The intracellular concentrations of the chemicals were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS TBBPA mono-ether structural analogs bound to TTR with half maximal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.1μM to 1.0μM but did not bind to TBG. They also bound to both subtypes of TR-LBDs with 20% maximal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4.0μM to 50.0μM. The docking results showed that the analogs fit into the ligand-binding pockets of TTR and TR-LBDs with binding modes similar to that of TBBPA. These compounds likely induced GH3 cell proliferation via TR [with the lowest effective concentrations (LOECs) ranging from 0.3μM to 2.5μM] and further enhanced TH-induced GH3 cell proliferation (with LOECs ranging from 0.3μM to 1.2μM). Compared with TBBPA, TBBPA-mono(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) showed a 4.18-fold higher GH3 cell proliferation effect and 105-fold higher cell membrane transportation ability. CONCLUSION This study provided a possible mechanism underlying the difference in TTR or TR binding by novel TBBPA structural analogs. These compounds might exert TH system-disrupting effects by disrupting TH transport in circulation and TR activity in TH-responsive cells. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6498.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
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Meyer DN, Crofts EJ, Akemann C, Gurdziel K, Farr R, Baker BB, Weber D, Baker TR. Developmental exposure to Pb 2+ induces transgenerational changes to zebrafish brain transcriptome. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125527. [PMID: 31816550 PMCID: PMC7015790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) is a major public health hazard for urban children, with profound and well-characterized developmental and behavioral implications across the lifespan. The ability of early Pb2+ exposure to induce epigenetic changes is well-established, suggesting that Pb2+-induced neurobehavioral deficits may be heritable across generations. Understanding the long-term and multigenerational repercussions of lead exposure is crucial for clarifying both the genotypic alterations behind these behavioral outcomes and the potential mechanism of heritability. To study this, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (<2 h post fertilization; EK strain) were exposed for 24 h to waterborne Pb2+ at a concentration of 10 μM. This exposed F0 generation was raised to adulthood and spawned to produce the F1 generation, which was subsequently spawned to produce the F2 generation. Previous avoidance conditioning studies determined that a 10 μM Pb2+ dose resulted in learning impairments persisting through the F2 generation. RNA was extracted from control- and 10 μM Pb2+-lineage F2 brains, (n = 10 for each group), sequenced, and transcript expression was quantified utilizing Quant-Seq. 648 genes were differentially expressed in the brains of F2 lead-lineage fish versus F2 control-lineage fish. Pathway analysis revealed altered genes in processes including synaptic function and plasticity, neurogenesis, endocrine homeostasis, and epigenetic modification, all of which are implicated in lead-induced neurobehavioral deficits and/or their inheritance. These data will inform future investigations to elucidate the mechanism of adult-onset and transgenerational health effects of developmental lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Emily J Crofts
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Camille Akemann
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Applied Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca Farr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bridget B Baker
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Weber
- Children's Environmental Health Sciences Core Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Tracie R Baker
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Building Interdisciplinary Partnerships for Community-Engaged Environmental Health Research in Appalachian Virginia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051695. [PMID: 32150930 PMCID: PMC7084490 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a collaboration among a group of university faculty, undergraduate students, local governments, local residents, and U.S. Army staff to address long-standing concerns about the environmental health effects of an Army ammunition plant. The authors describe community-responsive scientific pilot studies that examined potential environmental contamination and a related undergraduate research course that documented residents' concerns, contextualized those concerns, and developed recommendations. We make a case for the value of resource-intensive university-community partnerships that promote the production of knowledge through collaborations across disciplinary paradigms (natural/physical sciences, social sciences, health sciences, and humanities) in response to questions raised by local residents. Our experience also suggests that enacting this type of research through a university class may help promote researchers' adoption of "epistemological pluralism", and thereby facilitate the movement of a study from being "multidisciplinary" to "transdisciplinary".
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Gender-specific effects of transthyretin on neural stem cell fate in the subventricular zone of the adult mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19689. [PMID: 31873158 PMCID: PMC6927974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus epithelial cells produce and secrete transthyretin (TTR). TTR binds and distributes thyroid hormone (TH) to brain cells via the cerebrospinal fluid. The adult murine subventricular zone (SVZ) is in close proximity to the choroid plexus. In the SVZ, TH determines neural stem cell (NSC) fate towards a neuronal or a glial cell. We investigated whether the loss of TTR also disrupted NSC fate choice. Our results show a decreased neurogenic versus oligodendrogenic balance in the lateroventral SVZ of Ttr knockout mice. This balance was also decreased in the dorsal SVZ, but only in Ttr knockout male mice, concomitant with an increased oligodendrocyte precursor density in the corpus callosum. Quantitative RTqPCR analysis following FACS-dissected SVZs, or marked-coupled microbeads sorting of in vitro neurospheres, showed elevated Ttr mRNA levels in neuronal cells, as compared to uncommitted precursor and glial cells. However, TTR protein was undetectable in vivo using immunostaining, and this despite the presence of Ttr mRNA-expressing SVZ cells. Altogether, our data demonstrate that TTR is an important factor in SVZ neuro- and oligodendrogenesis. They also reveal important gender-specific differences and spatial heterogeneity, providing new avenues for stimulating endogenous repair in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Inoue M, Ueda M, Higashi T, Anno T, Fujisawa K, Motoyama K, Mizuguchi M, Ando Y, Jono H, Arima H. Therapeutic Potential of Polyamidoamine Dendrimer for Amyloidogenic Transthyretin Amyloidosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2584-2590. [PMID: 30912637 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is caused by a formation of ATTR amyloid fibrils. Because ATTR misfolding triggers the formation of aggregates and amyloid fibrils, which are considered to deposit on the tissues, novel clinically effective therapeutic strategies targeted to those processes are urgently needed. In this study, to discover a new drug candidate for ATTR amyloidosis therapy, we focused on polyamidoamine dendrimer (dendrimer), a 3D-structural nanomaterial, which has a branched cationic polymer repeating polyamidoamine units. Dendrimer (G2) not only inhibited ATTR V30M amyloid fibril formation, but also reduced already formed ATTR V30M amyloid fibrils by reducing β-sheet structure of ATTR V30M protein. Moreover, intravenous administration of dendrimer (G2) reduced TTR deposition in human ATTR V30M transgenic rats. These results indicate that dendrimer (G2) may possess both inhibitory and breaking effects on ATTR V30M amyloid, suggesting that dendrimer has the potential as a dual effective agents against TTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Inoue
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools ‘Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program’, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Structual Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | | | | | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools ‘Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program’, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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12
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Mangrolia P, Murphy RM. Retinol-Binding Protein Interferes with Transthyretin-Mediated β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibition. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5029-5040. [PMID: 30024734 PMCID: PMC6530574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is causally linked to Alzheimer's disease. On the basis of in vitro and transgenic animal studies, transthyretin (TTR) is hypothesized to provide neuroprotection against Aβ toxicity by binding to Aβ and inhibiting its aggregation. TTR is a homotetrameric protein that circulates in blood and cerebrospinal fluid; its normal physiological role is as a carrier for thyroxine and retinol-binding protein (RBP). RBP forms a complex with retinol, and the holoprotein (hRBP) binds with high affinity to TTR. In this study, the role of TTR ligands in TTR-mediated inhibition of Aβ aggregation was investigated. hRBP strongly reduced the ability of TTR to inhibit Aβ aggregation. The effect was not due to competition between Aβ and hRBP for binding to TTR, as Aβ bound equally well to TTR-hRBP complexes and TTR. hRBP is known to stabilize the TTR tetrameric structure. We show that Aβ partially destabilizes TTR and that hRBP counteracts this destabilization. Taken together, our results support a mechanism wherein TTR-mediated inhibition of Aβ aggregation requires not only TTR-Aβ binding but also destabilization of TTR quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Mangrolia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Regina M. Murphy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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13
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Madda R, Lin SC, Sun WH, Huang SL. Plasma proteomic analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus patients using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with label-free quantification. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4730. [PMID: 29761050 PMCID: PMC5947061 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. OBJECTIVE Human plasma is comprised of over 10 orders of magnitude concentration of proteins and tissue leakages. The changes in the abundance of these proteins have played an important role in various human diseases. Therefore, the research objective of this study is to identify the significantly altered expression levels of plasma proteins from SLE patients compared with healthy controls using proteomic analysis. The plasma proteome profiles of both SLE patients and controls were compared. METHODS A total of 19 active SLE patients and 12 healthy controls plasma samples were analyzed using high-resolution electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) followed by label-free quantification. RESULTS A total of 19 proteins showed a significant level of expression in the comparative LC-ESI-MS/MS triplicate analysis; among these, 14 proteins had >1.5- to three-fold up-regulation and five had <0.2- to 0.6-fold down-regulation. Gene ontology and DAVID (Database Annotation Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) functional enrichment analysis revealed that these proteins are involved in several important biological processes including acute phase inflammatory responses, complement activation, hemostasis, and immune system regulation. CONCLUSION Our study identified a group of differentially expressed proteins in the plasma of SLE patients that are involved in the imbalance of the immune system and inflammatory responses. Therefore, these findings may have the potential to be used as prognostic/diagnostic markers for SLE disease assessment or disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Madda
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Lin
- Division of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Ly Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Santa Maria MP, Hill BD, Kline J. Lead (Pb) neurotoxicology and cognition. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2018; 8:272-293. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2018.1428803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Joshua Kline
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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15
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Zibara K, Zein NE, Sabra M, Hneino M, Harati H, Mohamed W, Kobeissy FH, Kassem N. Thyroxine (T 4) Transfer from Blood to Cerebrospinal Fluid in Sheep Isolated Perfused Choroid Plexus: Role of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides. Front Neurol 2017; 8:214. [PMID: 28588548 PMCID: PMC5440555 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroxine (T4) enters the brain either directly across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or indirectly via the choroid plexus (CP), which forms the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B). In this study, using isolated perfused CP of the sheep by single-circulation paired tracer and steady-state techniques, T4 transport mechanisms from blood into lateral ventricle CP has been characterized as the first step in the transfer across the B-CSF-B. After removal of sheep brain, the CPs were perfused with 125I-T4 and 14C-mannitol. Unlabeled T4 was applied during single tracer technique to assess the mode of maximum uptake (Umax) and the net uptake (Unet) on the blood side of the CP. On the other hand, in order to characterize T4 protein transporters, steady-state extraction of 125I-T4 was measured in presence of different inhibitors such as probenecid, verapamil, BCH, or indomethacin. Increasing the concentration of unlabeled-T4 resulted in a significant reduction in Umax%, which was reflected by a complete inhibition of T4 uptake into CP. In fact, the obtained Unet% decreased as the concentration of unlabeled-T4 increased. The addition of probenecid caused a significant inhibition of T4 transport, in comparison to control, reflecting the presence of a carrier mediated process at the basolateral side of the CP and the involvement of multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs: MRP1 and MRP4) and organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatp1, Oatp2, and Oatp14). Moreover, verapamil, the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, resulted in ~34% decrease in the net extraction of T4, indicating that MDR1 contributes to T4 entry into CSF. Finally, inhibition in the net extraction of T4 caused by BCH or indomethacin suggests, respectively, a role for amino acid “L” system and MRP1/Oatp1 in mediating T4 transfer. The presence of a carrier-mediated transport mechanism for cellular uptake on the basolateral membrane of the CP, mainly P-gp and Oatp2, would account for the efficient T4 transport from blood to CSF. The current study highlights a carrier-mediated transport mechanism for T4 movement from blood to brain at the basolateral side of B-CSF-B/CP, as an alternative route to BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Zibara
- ER045, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nabil El Zein
- ER045, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Sabra
- ER045, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Neuroscience Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Hneino
- ER045, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Public Health, Medical Laboratory Department, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hayat Harati
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Basic Medical Science Department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.,Neuroscience Unit, Menoufia Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nouhad Kassem
- ER045, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Neuroscience Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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Balaiya S, Zhou Z, Chalam KV. Characterization of Vitreous and Aqueous Proteome in Humans With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Clinical Correlation. PROTEOMICS INSIGHTS 2017; 8:1178641816686078. [PMID: 28469465 PMCID: PMC5398322 DOI: 10.1177/1178641816686078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is associated with microvascular complications that cause biochemical changes in the human retina and alter the proteome of vitreous humor and aqueous humor (AH). Methods: Human vitreous humor and AH of PDR subjects were collected. Subjects who had surgery for epiretinal membrane or macular hole served as controls. Protein profiles were obtained and analyzed after running the samples on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Results: In vitreous humor, 16 unique proteins were noted in PDR patients, but not in controls. Those were associated mainly with coagulation, complement, and kallikrein-kinin systems. Under coagulation, fibrinogen and prothrombin proteins were more evident and may emphasize the importance of angiogenesis in the development of PDR. Vitreous proteins showed replicative presence in AH too. As for AH samples, we detected 10 proteins found in PDR patients, which were related to transport, coagulation, and inflammatory responses. Conclusions: We found 57 proteins in human vitreous and 39 proteins in AH. Identification of these proteins that are involved in various pathways will be helpful to understand diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and to develop proteome as a biomarker for PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankarathi Balaiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zimei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kakarla V Chalam
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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17
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Nicolaou O, Kousios A, Hadjisavvas A, Lauwerys B, Sokratous K, Kyriacou K. Biomarkers of systemic lupus erythematosus identified using mass spectrometry-based proteomics: a systematic review. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:993-1012. [PMID: 27878954 PMCID: PMC5387176 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in mass spectrometry technologies have created new opportunities for discovering novel protein biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We performed a systematic review of published reports on proteomic biomarkers identified in SLE patients using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and highlight their potential disease association and clinical utility. Two electronic databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE, were systematically searched up to July 2015. The methodological quality of studies included in the review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. Twenty‐five studies were included in the review, identifying 241 SLE candidate proteomic biomarkers related to various aspects of the disease including disease diagnosis and activity or pinpointing specific organ involvement. Furthermore, 13 of the 25 studies validated their results for a selected number of biomarkers in an independent cohort, resulting in the validation of 28 candidate biomarkers. It is noteworthy that 11 candidate biomarkers were identified in more than one study. A significant number of potential proteomic biomarkers that are related to a number of aspects of SLE have been identified using mass spectrometry proteomic approaches. However, further studies are required to assess the utility of these biomarkers in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orthodoxia Nicolaou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kousios
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Bernard Lauwerys
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Kleitos Sokratous
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
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18
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Libien J, Kupersmith MJ, Blaner W, McDermott MP, Gao S, Liu Y, Corbett J, Wall M. Role of vitamin A metabolism in IIH: Results from the idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial. J Neurol Sci 2016; 372:78-84. [PMID: 28017254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin A and its metabolites (called retinoids) have been thought to play a role in the development of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The IIH Treatment Trial (IIHTT) showed the efficacy of acetazolamide (ACZ) in improving visual field function, papilledema grade, quality of life and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. We postulated that IIH patients would demonstrate elevated measures of vitamin A metabolites in the serum and CSF. METHODS Comprehensive measures of serum vitamin A and its metabolites were obtained from 96 IIHTT subjects, randomly assigned to treatment with ACZ or placebo, and 25 controls with similar gender, age and body mass index (BMI). These included retinol, retinol binding protein, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), alpha- and beta-carotenes, and beta-cryptoxanthin. The IIHTT subjects also had CSF and serum vitamin A and metabolite measurements obtained at study entry and at six months. RESULTS At study entry, of the vitamin A metabolites only serum ATRA was significantly different in IIHTT subjects (median 4.33nM) and controls (median 5.04nM, p=0.02). The BMI of IIHTT subjects showed mild significant negative correlations with serum ATRA, alpha- and beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin. In contrast, the control subject BMI correlated only with serum ATRA. At six months, the serum retinol, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and CSF retinol were increased from baseline in the ACZ treated group, but only increases in alpha-carotene (p=0.02) and CSF ATRA (p=0.04) were significantly greater in the ACZ group compared with the placebo group. No other vitamin A measures were significantly altered over the six months in either treatment group. Weight loss correlated with only with the change in serum beta-carotene (r=-0.44, p=0.006) and the change in CSF retinol (r=-0.61, p=0.02). CONCLUSION Vitamin A toxicity is unlikely a contributory factor in the causation of IIH. Our findings differ from those of prior reports in part because of our use of more accurate quantitative methods and measuring vitamin A metabolites in both serum and CSF. ACZ may alter retinoid metabolism in IIH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Libien
- Pathology, State University of New York, Downstate School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - M J Kupersmith
- Neurology and Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - W Blaner
- Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - M P McDermott
- Biostatistics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - S Gao
- Biostatistics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Y Liu
- Pathology, State University of New York, Downstate School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - J Corbett
- Neurology, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - M Wall
- Neurology, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
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19
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Pont L, Poturcu K, Benavente F, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Comparison of capillary electrophoresis and capillary liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the analysis of transthyretin in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1444:145-53. [PMID: 27052822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis and capillary liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS and CapLC-MS, respectively) are nowadays very suitable techniques for the separation and characterization of intact proteins in biological fluids. In this paper, we compare the performance of both techniques for the analysis of transthyretin (TTR), which is a homotetrameric protein (relative molecular mass (Mr) ∼56,000) involved in different types of amyloidosis. Furthermore, it is also presented a novel sample pretreatment based on immunoprecipitation (IP) using Protein A Ultrarapid Agarose™ (UAPA) magnetic beads (MBs) to purify TTR from serum samples. This novel IP based on MBs allowed the detection of TTR monomeric proteoforms that were not possible to analyze by conventional IP in solution. In addition, UAPA MBs provided many other desirable advantages including higher selectivity and minimal unspecific binding of other proteins. CE-MS and CapLC-MS were applied to analyze serum samples from healthy controls and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy type I (FAP-I) patients, who suffered from the most common hereditary systemic amyloidosis. Both techniques allowed detecting the same TTR proteoforms, including the mutant TTR (Met 30) variant (variation in relative molecular mass (ΔMr) was +32.07, from wild-type TTR). Migration/retention times and relative quantitation of the different proteoforms were similar and reproducible in both cases, but the limits of detection (LODs) achieved by CE-MS were slightly lower (2-2.5-fold). Some other differences were also found on separation selectivity (migration orders and separation of antibody), peak efficiency, total analysis time, calibration ranges and experimental Mr accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pont
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kader Poturcu
- Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Barbosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Sanz-Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Characterisation of serum transthyretin by electrospray ionisation-ion mobility mass spectrometry: Application to familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy type I (FAP-I). Talanta 2015; 144:1216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Rao Barkur R, Bairy LK. Comparison of the developmental milestones and preweaning neurobehavioral parameters in rat pups exposed to lead (Pb) during gestation, lactation and pregestation period. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:248-55. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1082136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Rao Barkur
- Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India and
| | - Laxminarayana K. Bairy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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22
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Zhang LL, Lu L, Pan YJ, Ding CG, Xu DY, Huang CF, Pan XF, Zheng W. Baseline blood levels of manganese, lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in residents of Beijing suburb. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:10-7. [PMID: 25836720 PMCID: PMC4492836 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Baseline blood concentrations of metals are important references for monitoring metal exposure in environmental and occupational settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the blood levels of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) among the residents (aged 12-60 years old) living in the suburb southwest of Beijing in China and to compare the outcomes with reported values in various developed countries. Blood samples were collected from 648 subjects from March 2009 to February 2010. Metal concentrations in the whole blood were determined by ICP-MS. The geometric means of blood levels of Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were 11.4, 802.4, 4665, 42.6, and 0.68 µg/L, respectively. Male subjects had higher blood Pb than the females, while the females had higher blood Mn and Cu than the males. There was no gender difference for blood Cd and Zn. Smokers had higher blood Cu, Zn, and Cd than nonsmokers. There were significant age-related differences in blood levels of all metals studied; subjects in the 17-30 age group had higher blood levels of Mn, Pb, Cu, and Zn, while those in the 46-60 age group had higher Cd than the other age groups. A remarkably lower blood level of Cu and Zn in this population as compared with residents of other developed countries was noticed. Based on the current study, the normal reference ranges for the blood Mn were estimated to be 5.80-25.2 μg/L; for blood Cu, 541-1475 μg/L; for blood Zn, 2349-9492 μg/L; for blood Pb, <100 μg/L; and for blood Cd, <5.30 μg/L in the general population living in Beijing suburbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Lian Zhang
- Department of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, PR China.
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Ya-Juan Pan
- Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control in China Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Chun-Guang Ding
- Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control in China Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Da-Yong Xu
- Department of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Chuan-Feng Huang
- Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control in China Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xing-Fu Pan
- Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control in China Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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23
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Pont L, Benavente F, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Analysis of transthyretin in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Application to familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy type I. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1265-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pont
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - José Barbosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Victoria Sanz-Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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24
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Miao W, Zhu B, Xiao X, Li Y, Dirbaba NB, Zhou B, Wu H. Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on lead bioconcentration and toxicity on thyroid endocrine system and neuronal development in zebrafish larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 161:117-126. [PMID: 25703175 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention because of their wide range of applications. Interactions between heavy metals (e.g., Pb) and NPs in aquatic environments may modify the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of NPs (e.g., nano-TiO2) on the bioavailability and toxicity of Pb and its effects in the thyroid endocrine and nervous systems of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Zebrafish embryos (2-h post-fertilization) were exposed to five concentrations of Pb alone (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30μg/L) or in combination with nano-TiO2 (0.1mg/L) until 6 days post-fertilization. Results showed that the bioconcentration of Pb was significantly enhanced when combined with nano-TiO2 than when used alone. Zebrafish exposure to Pb alone at 30μg/L significantly decreased the thyroid hormone levels (T4 and T3), whereas nano-TiO2 treatment alone did not produce detectable changes. The levels of T4 and T3 were further decreased when Pb was combined with nano-TiO2 than when used alone. The transcription of the thyroid hormone-related factor tg gene was remarkably down-regulated by Pb treatment alone but up-regulated when Pb was combined with nano-TiO2. The significant up-regulation of tshβ gene and the down-regulation of TTR gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid were observed in Pb with or without nano-TiO2 treatment groups. In addition, the transcription of genes involved in central nervous system (CNS) development (α-tubulin, mbp, gfap and shha) were significantly down-regulated by Pb and nano-TiO2 co-exposure as compared with Pb exposure alone. The locomotion activity analyzes confirmed that nano-TiO2 might enhance the toxicity of Pb to CNS development. These results suggest that nano-TiO2 increase bioconcentration of lead, which lead to the disruption of thyroid endocrine and neuronal system in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Biran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaohong Xiao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Niguse Bekele Dirbaba
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongjuan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Kahn LG, Liu X, Rajovic B, Popovac D, Oberfield S, Graziano JH, Factor-Litvak P. Blood lead concentration and thyroid function during pregnancy: results from the Yugoslavia Prospective Study of Environmental Lead Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1134-40. [PMID: 24866691 PMCID: PMC4181923 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although maternal hypothyroidism increases the risk of adverse neonatal and obstetric outcomes as well as lower IQ in children, the environmental determinants of maternal thyroid dysfunction have yet to be fully explored. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine associations between mid-pregnancy blood lead (BPb) and concomitant measures of thyroid function among participants in the Yugoslavia Prospective Study of Environmental Lead Exposure. METHODS As part of a population-based prospective study of two towns in Kosovo-one with high levels of environmental lead and one with low-women were recruited during the second trimester of pregnancy, at which time blood samples and questionnaire data were collected. We measured concentrations of BPb, free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in archived serum samples. RESULTS Compared with women from the unexposed town, women from the exposed town had lower mean FT4 (0.91 ± 0.17 vs. 1.03 ± 0.16 ng/dL), higher mean TPOAb (15.45 ± 33.08 vs. 5.12 ± 6.38 IU/mL), and higher mean BPb (20.00 ± 6.99 vs. 5.57 ± 2.01 μg/dL). No differences in TSH levels were found. After adjustment for potential confounders, for each natural log unit increase in BPb, FT4 decreased by 0.074 ng/dL (95% CI: -0.10, -0.046 ng/dL), and the odds ratio for testing positive to TPOAb was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.53, 3.82). We found no association between BPb and TSH. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged lead exposure may contribute to maternal thyroid dysfunction by stimulating autoimmunity to the thyroid gland.
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Chen A, Kim SS, Chung E, Dietrich KN. Thyroid hormones in relation to lead, mercury, and cadmium exposure in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2008. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:181-6. [PMID: 23164649 PMCID: PMC3569681 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), are known toxicants, but their associations with the thyroid axis have not been well quantified at U.S. background levels. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationships between thyroid hormones (total and free thyroxine [TT4 and FT4], total and free triiodothyronine [TT3 and FT3], thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], and thyroglobulin [Tg]) and levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd in blood and Cd in urine. METHODS We separately analyzed a sample of 1,109 adolescents (12-19 years of age) and a sample of 4,409 adults from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008. We estimated associations after adjusting for age, sex, race, urinary iodine, body mass index, and serum cotinine. RESULTS The geometric mean (GM) levels of blood Pb (BPb), total Hg, and Cd were 0.81 µg/dL, 0.47 µg/L, and 0.21 µg/L in adolescents and 1.43 µg/dL, 0.96 µg/L, and 0.38 µg/L in adults, respectively. The GMs of urinary Cd were 0.07 and 0.25 µg/g creatinine in adolescents and adults, respectively. No consistent pattern of metal and thyroid hormone associations was observed in adolescents. In adults, blood Hg was inversely related to TT4, TT3, and FT3 and urinary Cd was positively associated with TT4, TT3, FT3, and Tg, but there were no associations with Pb. Associations were relatively weak at an individual level, with about 1-4% change in thyroid hormones per interquartile range increase in Hg or Cd. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests an inverse association between Hg exposure and thyroid hormones, and a positive association between Cd exposure and thyroid hormones in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Rana A, Minz RW, Aggarwal R, Sharma S, Pasricha N, Anand S, Singh S. A comparative proteomic study of sera in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients and in healthy controls using MALDI-TOF-TOF and LC MS-A pilot study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2012; 10:24. [PMID: 22901283 PMCID: PMC3551672 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) exhibits an aggressive clinical phenotype with severe complications and overall poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyse differential expression of low molecular weight (LMW) serum protein molecules of pSLE patients with active disease in comparison to sera of healthy age matched controls. Further, some of the differential expressed spots were characterised and identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC-MS). METHODS 2D-PAGE was performed using pooled sera of active pSLE and age matched healthy controls. Gels were silver-stained and differentially expressed protein spots were detected by automated image master platinum 2D software. 79 ± 17 protein spots were detected for control gels and 78 ± 17 protein spots for patient gels. Of these eleven protein spots were selected randomly and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS (five protein spots) and LC MS (six protein spots) techniques. RESULTS Out of the 11 protein spots, 5 protein spots were significantly upregulated viz., leiomodin 2 (LMOD2); epidermal cytokeratin 2; immunoglobulin kappa light chain variable region; keratin 1 and transthyretin (TTR). Three protein spots were significantly down regulated e.g., apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1); chain B human complement component C3c; campath antibody antigen complex. Two protein spots (complement component C3; retinol binding protein (RBP) were found to be expressed only in disease and one protein spot cyclohydrolase 2 was only expressed in controls. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that 2-D maps of patients with active pSLE and controls differ significantly. In this pilot study, using proteomic approach we have identified differential expressed proteins (of LMW) e.g., RBP, LMOD 2, TTR, Component C3c Chain B and APO A1. However, in future, further studies need to confirm the physiological and pathological role of these proteins in similar cohorts of pSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rana
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Ranjana W Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ritu Aggarwal
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Neelam Pasricha
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Paediatric Allergy Immunology Unit Advanced Paediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Chen A, Dietrich KN, Huo X, Ho SM. Developmental neurotoxicants in e-waste: an emerging health concern. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:431-8. [PMID: 21081302 PMCID: PMC3080922 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic waste (e-waste) has been an emerging environmental health issue in both developed and developing countries, but its current management practice may result in unintended developmental neurotoxicity in vulnerable populations. To provide updated information about the scope of the issue, presence of known and suspected neurotoxicants, toxicologic mechanisms, and current data gaps, we conducted this literature review. DATA SOURCES We reviewed original articles and review papers in PubMed and Web of Science regarding e-waste toxicants and their potential developmental neurotoxicity. We also searched published reports of intergovernmental and governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations on e-waste production and management practice. DATA EXTRACTION We focused on the potential exposure to e-waste toxicants in vulnerable populations-that is, pregnant women and developing children-and neurodevelopmental outcomes. In addition, we summarize experimental evidence of developmental neurotoxicity and mechanisms. DATA SYNTHESIS In developing countries where most informal and primitive e-waste recycling occurs, environmental exposure to lead, cadmium, chromium, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is prevalent at high concentrations in pregnant women and young children. Developmental neurotoxicity is a serious concern in these regions, but human studies of adverse effects and potential mechanisms are scarce. The unprecedented mixture of exposure to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants warrants further studies and necessitates effective pollution control measures. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women and young children living close to informal e-waste recycling sites are at risk of possible perturbations of fetus and child neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
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Ando Y. [Transthyretin: its functions and involvement in the pathogenicity of various diseases]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2009; 98:2006-2012. [PMID: 19894362 DOI: 10.2169/naika.98.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Behl M, Zhang Y, Monnot AD, Jiang W, Zheng W. Increased beta-amyloid levels in the choroid plexus following lead exposure and the involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor protein-1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 240:245-54. [PMID: 19501112 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus, a barrier between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is known to accumulate lead (Pb) and also possibly function to maintain brain's homeostasis of Abeta, an important peptide in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. This study was designed to investigate if Pb exposure altered Abeta levels at the blood-CSF barrier in the choroid plexus. Rats received ip injection of 27 mg Pb/kg. Twenty-four hours later, a FAM-labeled Abeta (200 pmol) was infused into the lateral ventricle and the plexus tissues were removed to quantify Abeta accumulation. Results revealed a significant increase in intracellular Abeta accumulation in the Pb-exposed animals compared to controls (p<0.001). When choroidal epithelial Z310 cells were treated with 10 microM Pb for 24 h and 48 h, Abeta (2 microM in culture medium) accumulation was significantly increased by 1.5 fold (p<0.05) and 1.8 fold (p<0.05), respectively. To explore the mechanism, we examined the effect of Pb on low-density lipoprotein receptor protein-1 (LRP1), an intracellular Abeta transport protein. Following acute Pb exposure with the aforementioned dose regimen, levels of LRP1 mRNA and proteins in the choroid plexus were decreased by 35% (p<0.05) and 31.8% (p<0.05), respectively, in comparison to those of controls. In Z310 cells exposed to 10 microM Pb for 24 h and 48 h, a 33.1% and 33.4% decrease in the protein expression of LRP1 was observed (p<0.05), respectively. Knocking down LRP1 resulted in even more substantial increases of cellular accumulation of Abeta, from 31% in cells without knockdown to 72% in cells with LRP1 knockdown (p<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that the acute exposure to Pb results in an increased accumulation of intracellular Abeta in the choroid plexus; the effect appears to be mediated, at least in part, via suppression of LRP1 production following Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Behl
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, Room 1169, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto AM, Zoeller RT, Gore AC. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 2009; 30:293-342. [PMID: 19502515 PMCID: PMC2726844 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2715] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the possible health threat posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are substances in our environment, food, and consumer products that interfere with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting in a deviation from normal homeostatic control or reproduction. In this first Scientific Statement of The Endocrine Society, we present the evidence that endocrine disruptors have effects on male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism and obesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology. Results from animal models, human clinical observations, and epidemiological studies converge to implicate EDCs as a significant concern to public health. The mechanisms of EDCs involve divergent pathways including (but not limited to) estrogenic, antiandrogenic, thyroid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, retinoid, and actions through other nuclear receptors; steroidogenic enzymes; neurotransmitter receptors and systems; and many other pathways that are highly conserved in wildlife and humans, and which can be modeled in laboratory in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, EDCs represent a broad class of molecules such as organochlorinated pesticides and industrial chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, fuels, and many other chemicals that are present in the environment or are in widespread use. We make a number of recommendations to increase understanding of effects of EDCs, including enhancing increased basic and clinical research, invoking the precautionary principle, and advocating involvement of individual and scientific society stakeholders in communicating and implementing changes in public policy and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Endocrine Section of First Department of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Medical School University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L. Mobile and cordless telephones, serum transthyretin and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2009; 8:19. [PMID: 19383125 PMCID: PMC2679014 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether low-intensity radiofrequency radiation damages the blood-brain barrier has long been debated, but little or no consideration has been given to the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In this cross-sectional study we tested whether long-term and/or short-term use of wireless telephones was associated with changes in the serum transthyretin level, indicating altered transthyretin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, possibly reflecting an effect of radiation. METHODS One thousand subjects, 500 of each sex aged 18-65 years, were randomly recruited using the population registry. Data on wireless telephone use were assessed by a postal questionnaire and blood samples were analyzed for serum transthyretin concentrations determined by standard immunonephelometric techniques on a BN Prospec instrument. RESULTS The response rate was 31.4%. Logistic regression of dichotomized TTR serum levels with a cut-point of 0.31 g/l on wireless telephone use yielded increased odds ratios that were statistically not significant. Linear regression of time since first use overall and on the day that blood was withdrawn gave different results for males and females: for men significantly higher serum concentrations of TTR were seen the longer an analogue telephone or a mobile and cordless desktop telephone combined had been used, and in contrast, significantly lower serum levels were seen the longer an UMTS telephone had been used. Adjustment for fractions of use of the different telephone types did not modify the effect for cumulative use or years since first use for mobile telephone and DECT, combined. For women, linear regression gave a significant association for short-term use of mobile and cordless telephones combined, indicating that the sooner blood was withdrawn after the most recent telephone call, the higher the expected transthyretin concentration. CONCLUSION In this hypothesis-generating descriptive study time since first use of mobile telephones and DECT combined was significantly associated with higher TTR levels regardless of how much each telephone type had been used. Regarding short-term use, significantly higher TTR concentrations were seen in women the sooner blood was withdrawn after the most recent telephone call on that day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Söderqvist
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Michael Carlberg
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hardell
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden
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Jiang YM, Long LL, Zhu XY, Zheng H, Fu X, Ou SY, Wei DL, Zhou HL, Zheng W. Evidence for altered hippocampal volume and brain metabolites in workers occupationally exposed to lead: a study by magnetic resonance imaging and (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Toxicol Lett 2008; 181:118-25. [PMID: 18692119 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 07/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to lead (Pb) remains to be a major public health issue. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to use non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) techniques to investigate whether chronic exposure to Pb in an occupational setting altered brain structure and function of Pb-exposed workers. The Pb-exposed group consisted of 15 workers recruited from either a Pb-smelting factory or a Pb-battery manufacturer. The control group had 19 healthy volunteers who had no history of Pb exposure in working environment or at home. The average airborne Pb concentrations in fume and dust were 0.43 and 0.44 mg/m(3), respectively, in the smeltery, and 0.10 and 1.06 mg/m(3), respectively, in the Pb battery workshop. The average blood Pb concentrations (BPb) in Pb-exposed and control workers were 63.5 and 8.7 microg/dL, respectively. The MRI examination showed that brain hippocampal volume among Pb-exposed workers was significantly diminished in comparison to age-matched control subjects (p < 0.01), although the extent of this reduction was relatively small (5-6% of the control values). Linear regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between BPb and the decreased hippocampal volume on both sides of brain hemisphere. Among five brain metabolites investigated by MRS, i.e., N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), inosine (mI), glutamate/glutamine (Glx) and lipids (Lip), a significant decrease in NAA/Cr ratio (7% of controls, p < 0.05) and a remarkable increase in Lip/Cr ratio (40%, p < 0.01) were observed in the brains of Pb-exposed workers as compared to controls. Furthermore, the increased Lip/Cr ratio was significantly associated with BPb (r = 0.46, p < 0.01). Taken together, this study suggests that occupational exposure to Pb may cause subtle structural and functional alteration in human brains. The MRI and MRS brain imaging techniques can be used as the non-invasive means to evaluate Pb-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Jiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Retinol and Retinol-Binding Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Can Vitamin A Take the “Idiopathic” Out of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension? J Neuroophthalmol 2007; 27:253-7. [DOI: 10.1097/wno.0b013e31815c44bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Retinol-Binding Protein and Retinol Analysis in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Patients With and Without Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. J Neuroophthalmol 2007; 27:258-62. [DOI: 10.1097/wno.0b013e31815b9af0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zoeller RT, Tan SW, Tyl RW. General background on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2007; 37:11-53. [PMID: 17364704 DOI: 10.1080/10408440601123446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the thyroid system, mainly from a mammalian standpoint. However, the thyroid system is highly conserved among vertebrate species, so the general information on thyroid hormone production and feedback through the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis should be considered for all vertebrates, while species-specific differences are highlighted in the individual articles. This background article begins by outlining the HPT axis with its components and functions. For example, it describes the thyroid gland, its structure and development, how thyroid hormones are synthesized and regulated, the role of iodine in thyroid hormone synthesis, and finally how the thyroid hormones are released from the thyroid gland. It then progresses to detail areas within the thyroid system where disruption could occur or is already known to occur. It describes how thyroid hormone is transported in the serum and into the tissues on a cellular level, and how thyroid hormone is metabolized. There is an in-depth description of the alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors and their functions, including how they are regulated, and what has been learned from the receptor knockout mouse models. The nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone are also described, such as in glucose uptake, mitochondrial effects, and its role in actin polymerization and vesicular recycling. The article discusses the concept of compensation within the HPT axis and how this fits into the paradigms that exist in thyroid toxicology/endocrinology. There is a section on thyroid hormone and its role in mammalian development: specifically, how it affects brain development when there is disruption to the maternal, the fetal, the newborn (congenital), or the infant thyroid system. Thyroid function during pregnancy is critical to normal development of the fetus, and several spontaneous mutant mouse lines are described that provide research tools to understand the mechanisms of thyroid hormone during mammalian brain development. Overall this article provides a basic understanding of the thyroid system and its components. The complexity of the thyroid system is clearly demonstrated, as are new areas of research on thyroid hormone physiology and thyroid hormone action developing within the field of thyroid endocrinology. This review provides the background necessary to review the current assays and endpoints described in the following articles for rodents, fishes, amphibians, and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas Zoeller
- Biology Department, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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Shi LZ, Zheng W. Early lead exposure increases the leakage of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007; 26:159-67. [PMID: 17439918 PMCID: PMC3980856 DOI: 10.1177/0960327107070560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cell type constructing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) is entirely different, ie, endothelia in BBB and epithelia in BCB. Nonetheless, both barriers share a common character--the tight junctions (TJ) between adjacent cells. This study investigated the consequence of lead (Pb) exposure on the tightness of BCB. In an in vitro BCB transwell model, using immortalized choroidal epithelial Z310 cells, we found that early exposure to Pb (prior to the formation of tight barrier) at 5 and 10 microM, significantly reduced the tightness of BCB, as evidenced by a 20% reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values (P <0.05), and >20% increase in the paracellular permeability of [(14)C]sucrose (P <0.05). Exposure to Pb after the formation of tight barrier, however, did not cause any detectable barrier dysfunction. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses on typical TJ proteins revealed that Pb exposure decreased both the mRNA and protein levels of claudin-1, with the membrane-bound claudin-1 more profoundly affected than cytosolic claudin-1. Pb exposure, however, had no significant effect on ZO1 and occludin. These data suggest that Pb exposure selectively alters the cellular level of claudin-1, which, in turn, reduces the tightness and augments the permeability of tight blood-CSF barrier. The immature barrier appears to be more vulnerable to Pb toxicity than the mature, well-developed, brain barrier, the fact possibly contributing to Pb-induced neurotoxicity among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zheng
- Correspondence: Wei Zheng, PhD, Professor of Health Sciences, Purdue University School of Health Sciences, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, CIVL-1163D, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
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Crossgrove JS, Smith EL, Zheng W. Macromolecules involved in production and metabolism of beta-amyloid at the brain barriers. Brain Res 2007; 1138:187-95. [PMID: 17276414 PMCID: PMC1950938 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the notable features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the overabundance of beta-amyloid peptides in brain fluids, leading to the formation and deposition of insoluble amyloid plaques. Previous work in this lab demonstrates that the normal choroid plexus, a primary component of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, has the capacity to remove beta-amyloid from the cerebrospinal fluid, potentially preventing the formation of beta-amyloid plaques. The purpose of this work was to determine whether the choroid plexus and/or the brain capillaries, a primary component of the blood-brain barrier, possessed the capacity to produce or degrade beta-amyloid peptides. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunodetection and enzyme activity assays, we demonstrated the presence in brain barriers of several key enzymes involved in beta-amyloid production, namely, amyloid precursor protein and beta-secretase, and in beta-amyloid metabolism and alternate processing, such as insulin degrading enzyme, endothelin-converting enzyme-1, neprilysin and alpha-secretase. Furthermore, beta-amyloid presence, in the absence of its application in culture media, was detected in an immortalized choroidal epithelial cell line, known as Z310 cells. The ability of the choroid plexus to produce and degrade beta-amyloid, in addition to its transport function, suggests a vital role of this tissue in maintaining beta-amyloid homeostasis. Disruption of this homeostasis due to aging, injury or toxicant exposure may contribute to accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides in the brain fluids, leading to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Wei Zheng, Ph.D., Professor of Health Sciences and Toxicology, Purdue University School of Health Sciences, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, CIVL-1163D, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Ph: 765-496-6447, FAX: 765-496-1377,
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Sullivan GM, Mann JJ, Oquendo MA, Lo ES, Cooper TB, Gorman JM. Low cerebrospinal fluid transthyretin levels in depression: correlations with suicidal ideation and low serotonin function. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60:500-6. [PMID: 16487493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthyretin (TTR) is a thyroid hormone binding protein synthesized by choroid plexus and secreted into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We sought to replicate and extend our previous findings of lower CSF TTR in depression. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid TTR concentrations of 17 medication-free patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 15 healthy individuals were determined by a sensitive, specific radioimmunoassay newly developed in our laboratory (ESL, TBC). RESULTS Cerebrospinal fluid TTR was lower in the MDD patients compared with healthy volunteers (mean +/- SD, 19.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 21.8 +/- 2.2 mg/L, p = .005). Age correlated positively with CSF TTR (r = .38, p < .05). The group difference remained significant (p < .005) after covariance for age. Within the MDD group, Scale for Suicide Ideation total score correlated inversely with CSF TTR (beta = -.58, p < .05). In the entire sample of depressed and healthy individuals, CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) correlated positively (beta = .34, p < .05) with CSF TTR. CONCLUSIONS We replicated our finding of low CSF TTR levels in depression and newly identified two relationships that may explain reports linking thyroid axis dysfunction and suicidal behaviors. Serotonergic hypofunction in depression, reflected by low CSF 5-HIAA, may result in decreased choroid plexus TTR production, alterations in central thyroid hormone kinetics, and increased vulnerability to suicidal ideation and perhaps suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA.
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Kassem NA, Deane R, Segal MB, Preston JE. Role of transthyretin in thyroxine transfer from cerebrospinal fluid to brain and choroid plexus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291:R1310-5. [PMID: 16825415 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00789.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transport of 125I-labeled thyroxine (T4) from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into brain and choroid plexus (CP) was measured in anesthetized rabbit [0.5 mg/kg medetomidine (Domitor) and 10 mg/kg pentobarbitonal sodium (Sagatal) iv] using the ventriculocisternal (V-C) perfusion technique. 125I-labeled T4 contained in artificial CSF was continually perfused into the lateral ventricles for up to 4 h and recovered from the cisterna magna. The %recovery of 125I-labeled T4 from the aCSF was 47.2+/-5.6% (n=10), indicating removal of 125I-labeled T4 from the CSF. The recovery increased to 53.2+/-6.3% (n=4) and 57.8+/-14.8% (n=3), in the presence of 100 and 200 microM unlabeled-T4, respectively (P<0.05), indicating a saturable component to T4 removal from CSF. There was a large accumulation of 125I-labeled T4 in the CP, and this was reduced by 80% in the presence of 200 microM unlabeled T4, showing saturation. In the presence of the thyroid-binding protein transthyretin (TTR), more 125I-labeled T4 was recovered from CSF, indicating that the binding protein acted to retain T4 in CSF. However, 125I-labeled T4 uptake into the ependymal region (ER) of the frontal cortex also increased by 13 times compared with control conditions. Elevation was also seen in the hippocampus (HC) and brain stem. Uptake was significantly inhibited by the presence of endocytosis inhibitors nocodazole and monensin by >50%. These data suggest that the distribution of T4 from CSF into brain and CP is carrier mediated, TTR dependent, and via RME. These results support a role for TTR in the distribution of T4 from CSF into brain sites around the ventricular system, indicating those areas involved in neurogenesis (ER and HC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhad A Kassem
- King's College London, Institute of Gerontology and Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Hodgkin Bldg., Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Forterre S, Raila J, Forterre F, Brunnberg L, Schweigert FJ. Characterisation of transthyretin and retinol-binding protein in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of dogs. Vet J 2006; 171:451-5. [PMID: 16624711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in concentrations of vitamin A, transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in dogs. RBP was detected using ELISA, and both RBP and TTR by Western blot analysis after separation on SDS-PAGE. Vitamin A was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. RBP and TTR as well as vitamin A were detected in all samples but at substantially lower concentrations in CSF compared to plasma. RBP in dog plasma showed a similar molecular mass to that of humans, whereas canine TTR had a lower molecular mass. Comparison between plasma and CSF showed that both RBP and TTR were of lower molecular mass in CSF. In CSF, RBP and retinol were present at 10-100-fold lower concentrations compared to plasma. Retinyl esters were present only in minute amounts in 5/17 samples. In conclusion, the CSF of dogs compared to humans is significantly different in terms of both quality and quantity of transport proteins for vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Forterre
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany.
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Solovyov KV, Gasteva AA, Egorov VV, Aleinikova TD, Sirotkin AK, Shvartsman AL, Shavlovsky MM. Role of the C-terminal fragment of human transthyretin in abnormal fibrillogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2006; 71:543-9. [PMID: 16732734 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297906050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide chain fragments of recombinant transthyretin (TTR) with leucine-55 substituted by proline (L55P), which are involved in abnormal fibrillogenesis of this protein, were studied. No fibrils were produced in purified preparations of TTR(L55P) under the optimum conditions for fibrillogenesis but in absence of protease inhibitors. The ability of TTR for fibrillogenesis was lost because of a limited proteolysis resulting in detachment of the TTR polypeptide chain C-terminal fragment of approximately 18 amino acid residues in length. This proteolysis seemed to occur with involvement of a bacterial serine endopeptidase sohB (EC 3.4.21), which was identified in TTR preparations by the MALDI-TOF method. The presence of the C-terminal fragment of the TTR polypeptide chain seems to be crucial for production of abnormal fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Solovyov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Chen RL, Athauda SBP, Kassem NA, Zhang Y, Segal MB, Preston JE. Decrease of Transthyretin Synthesis at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier of Old Sheep. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005; 60:852-8. [PMID: 16079207 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/60.7.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), synthesized by the choroid plexus (CP) and secreted into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is involved in thyroxine (T4) transport and chelation of beta-amyloid peptide, attenuating neurotoxicity. To characterize age-related changes in TTR synthesis, CSF and CPs were collected from young adult (1-2 years) and old (>8 years) sheep anesthetized with thiopentone sodium. TTR in old sheep CSF was low compared to young (n = 4 each); however, CP messenger RNA (mRNA) for TTR did not change. CPs were perfused with Ringer containing 14C-leucine to assess de novo protein synthesis, or with 125I-T4 to assess T4 transport. Protein synthesis, including TTR, was reduced in old sheep CP and in newly secreted CSF. 125I-T4 Vmax and Kd (but not Km) were reduced in old sheep CP. These age-related changes suggest reduced capacity of CP to maintain CSF T4 homeostasis and could also reduce chelation of beta-amyloid and be an added risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo L Chen
- Institute of Gerontology, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH.
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Redzic ZB, Preston JE, Duncan JA, Chodobski A, Szmydynger-Chodobska J. The Choroid Plexus‐Cerebrospinal Fluid System: From Development to Aging. Curr Top Dev Biol 2005; 71:1-52. [PMID: 16344101 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(05)71001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the tissue that secretes it, the choroid plexus (CP), has traditionally been thought of as both providing physical protection to the brain through buoyancy and facilitating the removal of brain metabolites through the bulk drainage of CSF. More recent studies suggest, however, that the CP-CSF system plays a much more active role in the development, homeostasis, and repair of the central nervous system (CNS). The highly specialized choroidal tissue synthesizes trophic and angiogenic factors, chemorepellents, and carrier proteins, and is strategically positioned within the ventricular cavities to supply the CNS with these biologically active substances. Through polarized transport systems and receptor-mediated transcytosis across the choroidal epithelium, the CP, a part of the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), controls the entry of nutrients, such as amino acids and nucleosides, and peptide hormones, such as leptin and prolactin, from the periphery into the brain. The CP also plays an important role in the clearance of toxins and drugs. During CNS development, CP-derived growth factors, such as members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and retinoic acid, play an important role in controlling the patterning of neuronal differentiation in various brain regions. In the adult CNS, the CP appears to be critically involved in neuronal repair processes and the restoration of the brain microenvironment after traumatic and ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that the CP acts as a nursery for neuronal and astrocytic progenitor cells. The advancement of our knowledge of the neuroprotective capabilities of the CP may therefore facilitate the development of novel therapies for ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. In the later stages of life, the CP-CSF axis shows a decline in all aspects of its function, including CSF secretion and protein synthesis, which may in themselves increase the risk for development of late-life diseases, such as normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer's disease. The understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the dysfunction of the CP-CSF system in the elderly may help discover the treatments needed to reverse the negative effects of aging that lead to global CNS failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran B Redzic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD United Kingdom
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Hansson SF, Puchades M, Blennow K, Sjögren M, Davidsson P. Validation of a prefractionation method followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis - Applied to cerebrospinal fluid proteins from frontotemporal dementia patients. Proteome Sci 2004; 2:7. [PMID: 15550170 PMCID: PMC538271 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was firstly, to improve and validate a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prefractionation method followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and secondly, using this strategy to investigate differences between the CSF proteome of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients and controls. From each subject three ml of CSF was prefractionated using liquid phase isoelectric focusing prior to 2-DE. RESULTS: With respect to protein recovery and purification potential, ethanol precipitation of the prefractionated CSF sample was found superior, after testing several sample preparation methods.The reproducibility of prefractionated CSF analyzed on 2-D gels was comparable to direct 2-DE analysis of CSF. The protein spots on the prefractionated 2-D gels had an increased intensity, indicating a higher protein concentration, compared to direct 2-D gels. Prefractionated 2-DE analysis of FTD and control CSF showed that 26 protein spots were changed at least two fold. Using mass spectrometry, 13 of these protein spots were identified, including retinol-binding protein, Zn-alpha-2-glycoprotein, proapolipoproteinA1, beta-2-microglobulin, transthyretin, albumin and alloalbumin. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the prefractionated 2-DE method can be useful for enrichment of CSF proteins and may provide a new tool to investigate the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. This study confirmed reduced levels of retinol-binding protein and revealed some new biomarker candidates for FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Folkesson Hansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Unit of Experimental Neuroscience, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maja Puchades
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Unit of Experimental Neuroscience, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Unit of Experimental Neuroscience, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Science, AstraZeneca R&D, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Pia Davidsson
- Department of Experimental Medicine/Molecular Science, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
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Quadro L, Blaner WS, Hamberger L, Novikoff PM, Vogel S, Piantedosi R, Gottesman ME, Colantuoni V. The role of extrahepatic retinol binding protein in the mobilization of retinoid stores. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:1975-82. [PMID: 15314099 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400137-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the major tissue site of retinol binding protein (RBP) synthesis in the body is the liver, other sites of synthesis have been reported. The physiological role(s) of circulating RBP that is produced and secreted extrahepatically has not been systematically investigated. To address this question, we used as a model a mouse strain (hRBP(-/-)) that expresses human RBP (hRBP) cDNA under the control of the mouse muscle creatine kinase promoter in an rbp-null background (RBP(-/-)). By comparing hRBP(-/-), RBP(-/-), and wild-type mice, we asked whether extrahepatic RBP can perform all of the physiological functions of RBP synthesized in the liver. We demonstrate that extrahepatically synthesized hRBP, unlike RBP expressed in liver, cannot mobilize liver retinoid stores. Consistent with this conclusion, we find that circulating hRBP is not taken up by hepatocytes. RBP has been proposed to play an essential role in distributing hepatic retinoids between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. We find, however, that the distribution of retinoid in the livers of the three mouse strains described above is identical. Thus, RBP is not required for intrahepatic transport and storage of retinoid. These and other observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Quadro
- Institute of Cancer Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Quadro L, Hamberger L, Colantuoni V, Gottesman ME, Blaner WS. Understanding the physiological role of retinol-binding protein in vitamin A metabolism using transgenic and knockout mouse models. Mol Aspects Med 2004; 24:421-30. [PMID: 14585313 DOI: 10.1016/s0098-2997(03)00038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) play an essential role in many biological functions. However mammals are incapable of de novo synthesis of vitamin A and must acquire it from the diet. In the intestine, dietary retinoids are incorporated in chylomicrons as retinyl esters, along with other dietary lipids. The majority of dietary retinoid is cleared by and stored within the liver. To meet vitamin A requirements of tissues, the liver secretes retinol (vitamin A alcohol) into the circulation bound to its sole specific carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP). The single known function of this protein is to transport retinol from the hepatic stores to target tissues. Over the last few years, the generation of knockout and transgenic mouse models has significantly contributed to our understanding of RBP function in the metabolism of vitamin A. We discuss below the role of RBP in maintaining normal vision and a steady flux of retinol throughout the body in times of need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Quadro
- Institute of Cancer Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Zheng W, Deane R, Redzic Z, Preston JE, Segal MB. Transport of L-[125I]thyroxine by in situ perfused ovine choroid plexus: inhibition by lead exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2003; 66:435-451. [PMID: 12712631 PMCID: PMC3980877 DOI: 10.1080/15287390306451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure hinders brain development in children by mechanisms that remain unknown. Previous evidence shows that sequestration of Pb in the choroid plexus lowers the production and secretion of transthyretin (TTR), a thyroxine (T4) transport protein, from the choroid plexus into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study was undertaken to characterize the uptake kinetics of T4 by the choroid plexus and to determine if in vivo Pb exposure altered the T4 uptake in an in situ perfused ovine choroid plexus model. Sheep received i.p. injections of Pb acetate (20 mg Pb/kg) or Na acetate (as the controls) every 48 h for a period of 16 d. The [125I]T4 uptake was determined by a paired-tracer perfusion method using 0.5 microCi [125I]T4 and 2 microCi [14C]mannitol at various concentrations of unlabeled T4 (trace to 20 microM). The flux of [125I]T4 into the choroid plexus followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with the maximum flux (Vmax) of 56.6 nmol/min/g and half-saturation constant (Km) of 10.7 mumol/L, suggesting an evident saturable influx of T4 into the choroid epithelium. In vivo Pb exposure in these sheep resulted in a significant accumulation of Pb in the choroid plexus and hippocampus. Pb treatment diminished the Vmax by 63.7% of control, but did not alter Km. The maximal cellular uptake (Umax) and net uptake (Unet) in Pb-treated animals were 2.1-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively, lower than those of control. Exposure to Pb, however, did not significantly change the flow rate through the choroid plexus. Data suggest that the choroid plexus may serve as a significant site for T4 transport into the CSF, and Pb exposure may hinder the influx of T4 from the blood into the choroid plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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Lidsky TI, Schneider JS. Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Brain 2003; 126:5-19. [PMID: 12477693 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awg014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead has been recognized as a poison for millennia and has been the focus of public health regulation in much of the developed world for the better part of the past century. The nature of regulation has evolved in response to increasing information provided by vigorous scientific investigation of lead's effects. In recognition of the particular sensitivity of the developing brain to lead's pernicious effects, much of this legislation has been addressed to the prevention of childhood lead poisoning. The present review discusses the current state of knowledge concerning the effects of lead on the cognitive development of children. Addressed are the reasons for the child's exquisite sensitivity, the behavioural effects of lead, how these effects are best measured, and the long-term outlook for the poisoned child. Of particular importance are the accumulating data suggesting that there are toxicological effects with behavioural concomitants at exceedingly low levels of exposure. In addition, there is also evidence that certain genetic and environmental factors can increase the detrimental effects of lead on neural development, thereby rendering certain children more vulnerable to lead neurotoxicity. The public health implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore I Lidsky
- Center for Trace Element Studies and Environmental Neurotoxicology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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50
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Abstract
The detrimental effects of lead poisoning have been well known since ancient times, but some of the most severe consequences of exposure to this metal have only been described recently. Lead [Pb(II)] affects the higher functions of the central nervous system and undermines brain growth, preventing the correct development of cognitive and behavioral functions. As an established neurotoxin, Pb(II) crosses the blood-brain barrier rapidly and concentrates in the brain. The mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity are complex and still not fully understood, but recent findings recognized that both Ca(II) dependent proteins and neurotransmitters receptors represent significant targets for Pb(II). In particular, acute and chronic exposure to lead would predominantly affect two specific protein complexes: protein kinase C and the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor. These protein complexes are deeply involved in learning and cognitive functions and are also thought to interact significantly with each other to mediate these functions. This review outlines the most recent hypotheses and evidences that link lead poisoning to impairment of these protein functions, as well as the in vitro experimental approaches that are most likely to provide information on basic mechanicistic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marchetti
- Istituto di Biofisica, Sezione di Genova, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6 - 16149 Genova, Italy.
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