1
|
Margolis AE, Greenwood P, Dranovsky A, Rauh V. The Role of Environmental Chemicals in the Etiology of Learning Difficulties: A Novel Theoretical Framework. MIND, BRAIN AND EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MIND, BRAIN, AND EDUCATION SOCIETY 2023; 17:301-311. [PMID: 38389544 PMCID: PMC10881209 DOI: 10.1111/mbe.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Children from economically disadvantaged communities have a disproportionate risk of exposure to chemicals, social stress, and learning difficulties. Although animal models and epidemiologic studies link exposures and neurodevelopment, little focus has been paid to academic outcomes in environmental health studies. Similarly, in the educational literature, environmental chemical exposures are overlooked as potential etiologic factors in learning difficulties. We propose a theoretical framework for the etiology of learning difficulties that focuses on these understudied exogenous factors. We discuss findings from animal models and longitudinal, prospective birth cohort studies that support this theoretical framework. Studies reviewed point to the effects of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on reading comprehension and math skills via effects on inhibitory control processes. Long term, this work will help close the achievement gap in the United States by identifying behavioral and neural pathways from prenatal exposures to learning difficulties in children from economically disadvantaged families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Margolis
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Paige Greenwood
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Alex Dranovsky
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xue J, Xiao Q, Zhang M, Li D, Wang X. Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13487. [PMID: 37686292 PMCID: PMC10487835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated aromatic rings bonded by an ester bond and are classified according to the number and position of bromine atoms. Due to their widespread use, PBDEs have been detected in soil, air, water, dust, and animal tissues. Besides, PBDEs have been found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, adipose, brain, breast milk and plasma. The continued accumulation of PBDEs has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, gut toxicity, thyroid toxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that there may be various mechanisms contributing to PBDEs toxicity. The present study aimed to outline PBDEs' toxic effects and mechanisms on different organ systems. Given PBDEs' bioaccumulation and adverse impacts on human health and other living organisms, we summarize PBDEs' effects and potential toxicity mechanisms and tend to broaden the horizons to facilitate the design of new prevention strategies for PBDEs-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eriksson P, Johansson N, Viberg H, Buratovic S, Fredriksson A. Perfluorinated chemicals (PFOA) can, by interacting with highly brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE 209) during a defined period of neonatal brain development, exacerbate neurobehavioural defects. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 96:107150. [PMID: 36584763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous persistent environmental compounds, present in humans and at higher levels in infants/children than in adults. This study shows that co-exposure to pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decaBDE (PBDE 209) can significantly exacerbate developmental neurobehavioural defects. Neonatal male NMRI mice, 3 and 10 days old, were exposed perorally to PBDE 209 (1.4 or 8.0 μmol/kg bw), PFOA (1.4 or 14 μmol/kg bw), co-exposed to PBDE 209 and PFOA (at the given doses), or a vehicle (20% fat emulsion) and observed for spontaneous behaviour in a novel home environment when 2 and 4 months old. The behavioural defects observed included hyperactivity and reduced habituation indicating cognitive defects. This interaction appears most likely dependent on the presence of PBDE 209 and/or its metabolites together with PFOA, during a defined critical period of neonatal brain development, corresponding to the perinatal and newborn period in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khidkhan K, Mizukawa H, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Nomiyama K, Yokoyama N, Ichii O, Takiguchi M, Tanabe S, Ishizuka M. Biological effects related to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on cats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277689. [PMID: 36662783 PMCID: PMC9858064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As an animal familiar to humans, cats are considered to be sensitive to chemicals; cats may be exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) from indoor dust, household products, and common pet food, leading to adverse endocrine effects, such as thyroid hormone dysfunction. To elucidate the general biological effects resulting from exposure of cats to PCBs and PBDEs, cats were treated with a single i.p. dose of a principal mixture of 12 PCBs and observed for a short-term period. Results revealed that the testis weight, serum albumin, and total protein of the treated group decrease statistically in comparison with those in the control group. The negative correlations suggested that the decrease in the total protein and albumin levels may be disturbed by 4'OH-CB18, 3'OH-CB28 and 3OH-CB101. Meanwhile, the serum albumin level and relative brain weight decreased significantly for cats subjected to 1-year continuous oral administration of BDE-209 in comparison to those of control cats. In addition, the subcutaneous fat as well as serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) levels increased in cats treated with BDE-209 and down-regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA expression in the liver occurred. These results suggested that chronic BDE-209 treatment may restrain lipolysis in the liver, which is associated with lipogenesis in the subcutaneous fat. Evidence of liver and kidney cell damage was not observed as there was no significant difference in the liver enzymes, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels between the two groups of both experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides information on the biochemical effects of organohalogen compounds in cats. Further investigations on risk assessment and other potential health effects of PCBs and PBDEs on the reproductive system, brain, and lipid metabolism in cats are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kraisiri Khidkhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paliya S, Mandpe A, Bombaywala S, Kumar MS, Kumar S, Morya VK. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment: a wake-up call for concerted action in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44693-44715. [PMID: 34227009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) used as flame retardants in the products utilized in day-to-day life. Their bioaccumulation, low volatility, and high persistence in the environment have led to their global spread even to remote and distant regions. The present study identifies gaps in the investigation of the neurotoxic potential of PBDEs, their effects on brain development, toxicokinetic, and their potential as a carcinogen. In India, to date, only human breast milk was assessed for levels of PBDEs, and it is suggested that other human tissues can also be explored. No data on the reproductive toxicity of PBDEs are reported from Indian cohorts. Long-range transport and deposition of PBDEs in colder regions necessitates monitoring of Himalayan regions in India. An inventory of PBDEs is required to be made for addressing the worrisome situation of the unregulated import of E-waste from the developed countries in India. The study also emphasizes providing guidelines for the articulation of policies regarding sound surveillance and management of PBDE production, consumption, and release in the Indian context. It is recommended that a separate cell for monitoring and follow-up of PBDEs should be established in India. Also, the development of better alternatives and environment-friendly remediation technologies for PBDEs is the need of the hour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Paliya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Ashootosh Mandpe
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sakina Bombaywala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Manukonda Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Morya
- Adhita Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, SIIC Extension, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Latchney SE, Majewska AK. Persistent organic pollutants at the synapse: Shared phenotypes and converging mechanisms of developmental neurotoxicity. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:623-652. [PMID: 33851516 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The developing nervous system is sensitive to environmental and physiological perturbations in part due to its protracted period of prenatal and postnatal development. Epidemiological and experimental studies link developmental exposures to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and benzo(a)pyrene to increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Mechanistic studies reveal that many of the complex cellular processes that occur during sensitive periods of rapid brain development are cellular targets for developmental neurotoxicants. One area of research interest has focused on synapse formation and plasticity, processes that involve the growth and retraction of dendrites and dendritic spines. For each chemical discussed in this review, we summarize the morphological and electrophysiological data that provide evidence that developmental POP exposure produces long-lasting effects on dendritic morphology, spine formation, glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling systems, and synaptic transmission. We also discuss shared intracellular mechanisms, with a focus on calcium and thyroid hormone homeostasis, by which these chemicals act to modify synapses. We conclude our review highlighting research gaps that merit consideration when characterizing synaptic pathology elicited by chemical exposure. These gaps include low-dose and nonmonotonic dose-response effects, the temporal relationship between dendritic growth, spine formation, and synaptic activity, excitation-inhibition balance, hormonal effects, and the need for more studies in females to identify sex differences. By identifying converging pathological mechanisms elicited by POP exposure at the synapse, we can define future research directions that will advance our understanding of these chemicals on synapse structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Latchney
- Department of Biology, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
40 Years of Research on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)-A Historical Overview and Newest Data of a Promising Anticancer Drug. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040995. [PMID: 33668501 PMCID: PMC7918430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of molecules with an ambiguous background in literature. PBDEs were first isolated from marine sponges of Dysidea species in 1981 and have been under continuous research to the present day. This article summarizes the two research aspects, (i) the marine compound chemistry research dealing with naturally produced PBDEs and (ii) the environmental toxicology research dealing with synthetically-produced brominated flame-retardant PBDEs. The different bioactivity patterns are set in relation to the structural similarities and dissimilarities between both groups. In addition, this article gives a first structure-activity relationship analysis comparing both groups of PBDEs. Moreover, we provide novel data of a promising anticancer therapeutic PBDE (i.e., 4,5,6-tribromo-2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)phenol; termed P01F08). It has been known since 1995 that P01F08 exhibits anticancer activity, but the detailed mechanism remains poorly understood. Only recently, Mayer and colleagues identified a therapeutic window for P01F08, specifically targeting primary malignant cells in a low µM range. To elucidate the mechanistic pathway of cell death induction, we verified and compared its cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction capacity in Ramos and Jurkat lymphoma cells. Moreover, using Jurkat cells overexpressing antiapoptotic Bcl-2, we were able to show that P01F08 induces apoptosis mainly through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
|
8
|
Deepika D, Sharma RP, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. An integrative translational framework for chemical induced neurotoxicity – a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:424-438. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1763253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raju Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Edwards CM, Small D, Bell T, David-Drori J, Hansen C, Morris-Schaffer K, Canale C, Ng J, Markowski VP. Early postnatal decabromodiphenyl ether exposure reduces thyroid hormone and astrocyte density in the juvenile mouse dentate gyrus. Physiol Behav 2020; 216:112798. [PMID: 31926943 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) is a flame retardant that was widely-applied to many consumer products for decades. Consequently, decaBDE and other members of its class have become globally-distributed environmental contaminants. Epidemiological and animal studies indicate that decaBDE exposure during critical periods of brain development produces long-term behavioral impairments. The current study was designed to identify potential neuroendocrine mechanisms for learning and response inhibition deficits observed by our lab in a previous study. C57BL6/J mouse pups were given a single daily oral dose of 0 or 20 mg/kg decaBDE from day 1 to 21. Serum thyroid hormone levels and astrocyte-specific staining in three regions of the hippocampus were measured on day 22. DecaBDE exposure significantly reduced serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and astrocyte density in the subgranular zone but not the hilus or granular layer in both male and female mice. The reduction of thyroid hormone and/or glia activity could impair hippocampal development, leading to behavior dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M Edwards
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Deena Small
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Tyler Bell
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Julian David-Drori
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Christina Hansen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Keith Morris-Schaffer
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Charlene Canale
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - John Ng
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Vincent P Markowski
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Margolis AE, Banker S, Pagliaccio D, De Water E, Curtin P, Bonilla A, Herbstman JB, Whyatt R, Bansal R, Sjödin A, Milham MP, Peterson BS, Factor-Litvak P, Horton MK. Functional connectivity of the reading network is associated with prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in a community sample of 5 year-old children: A preliminary study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105212. [PMID: 31743804 PMCID: PMC7048018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors explain 60 percent of variance in reading disorder. Exposure to neurotoxicants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), may be overlooked risk factors for reading problems. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine associations between prenatal PBDE concentrations and functional connectivity of a reading-related network (RN) in a community sample of 5-year-old children (N = 33). Maternal serum PBDE concentrations (∑PBDE) were measured at 12.2 ± 2.8 weeks gestation (mean ± SD). The RN was defined by 12 regions identified in prior task-based fMRI meta-analyses; global efficiency (GE) was used to measure network integration. Linear regression evaluated associations between ∑PBDE, word reading, and GE of the RN and the default mode network (DMN); the latter to establish specificity of findings. Weighted quantile sum regression analyses evaluated the contributions of specific PBDE congeners to observed associations. Greater RN efficiency was associated with better word reading in these novice readers. Children with higher ∑PBDE showed reduced GE of the RN; ∑PBDE was not associated with DMN efficiency, demonstrating specificity of our results. Consistent with prior findings, ∑PBDE was not associated word reading at 5-years-old. Altered efficiency and integration of the RN may underlie associations between ∑PBDE concentrations and reading problems observed previously in older children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Margolis
- The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Sarah Banker
- The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Pagliaccio
- The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Erik De Water
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anny Bonilla
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robin Whyatt
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nesan D, Kurrasch DM. Gestational Exposure to Common Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Impact on Neurodevelopment and Behavior. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:177-202. [PMID: 31738670 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental endocrine disruption, resulting in altered neuroendocrine control of hormonal signaling, altered neurotransmitter control of nervous system function, and fundamental changes in behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interactions. Human cohort studies reveal correlations between maternal/fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors and incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we summarize the major literature findings of endocrine disruption of neurodevelopment and concomitant changes in behavior by four major endocrine disruptor classes:bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls, organophosphates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We specifically review studies of gestational and/or lactational exposure to understand the effects of early life exposure to these compounds and summarize animal studies that help explain human correlative data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinushan Nesan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stojak BL, van Ginkel RA, Ivanco TL, Tomy GT, Fry WM. Acute β-tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (β-TBECH) treatment inhibits the electrical activity of rat Purkinje neurons. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:301-307. [PMID: 31129411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame-retardants are environmentally pervasive and persistent synthetic chemicals, some of which have been demonstrated to disrupt neuroendocrine signaling and electrical activity of neurons. 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)-cyclohexane (TBECH) lacks the toxicity of other classes of BFRs, however its safety is still questioned, as little is known of its neurological effects. Therefore, we sought to determine if TBECH could acutely alter the electrical activity of Purkinje neurons maintained in vitro. Briefly, cerebella from gestational day 20 rats were dissociated and maintained for up to three weeks in culture. Action potentials of Purkinje neurons were detected by cell-attached patch clamp before, during, and after application of β-TBECH. β-TBECH decreased action potential activity in a dose-dependent manner with an apparent EC50 of 396 nM. β-TBECH did not significantly alter the coefficient of variation, a measure of the regularity of firing, suggesting that the mechanism of β-TBECH's effects on firing frequency may be independent of Purkinje neuron intracellular calcium handling. Because levels of β-TBECH in exposed individuals may not approach the EC50, these data suggest that any abnormal neurodevelopment or behavior linked with β-TBECH exposure may result from endocrinological effects as opposed to direct disruption of electrical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Stojak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rebecca A van Ginkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tammy L Ivanco
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gregg T Tomy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - W Mark Fry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Assessing Surface Sediment Contamination by PBDE in a Recharge Point of Guarani Aquifer in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in several products, although they can act as neurotoxic, hepatotoxic and endocrine disruptors in organisms. In Brazil, their levels in aquatic sediments are poorly known; thus, concerns about the degree of exposure of the Brazilian population to PBDEs have grown. This study aimed to quantify the presence of PBDEs in sediment samples from an important groundwater water supply in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil, and to contribute to studies related to the presence of PBDEs in Brazilian environments. Gas chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD) was used for quantification after submitting the samples to ultrasound-assisted extraction and clean-up steps. Results showed the presence of six PBDE, BDE-47 being the most prevalent in the samples, indicating a major contamination of the penta-PBDE commercial mixture. The concentration of ΣPBDEs (including BDE-28, -47, -66, -85, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154 and -209) varied between nd (not detected) to 5.4 ± 0.2 ng g−1. Although preliminary, our data show the anthropic contamination of a direct recharge area of the Aquifer Guarani by persistent and banned substances.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Q, Liu W, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Qin H, Luo F, Niu Q. Developmental perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure inhibits long-term potentiation by affecting AMPA receptor trafficking. Toxicology 2018; 412:55-62. [PMID: 30508566 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Both animal study and epidemiological survey revealed the associations between defects of cognitive function and the developmental exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), while the mechanism is not well known. The SD rats were exposed PFOS at 1.7, 5 and 15 mg/L by drinking water from gestation to the adulthood of the pups for evaluating the effects of PFOS exposure on long-term potentiation (LTP) and the role of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors trafficking. Whole-life exposure of PFOS beginning in utero to adulthood significantly inhibited the induction and expression of LTP, and the input/output curve (I/O) and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) were moderately suppressed, suggesting that PFOS might affect the synaptic transmission and plasticity both in pre- and post-synaptic cells. Meanwhile, PFOS decreased the mRNA levels of AMPA receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA2, and the protein amounts in the membrane, with the total GluA1 and GluA2 protein amounts increased, indicating the internalization of AMPA receptors. Furthermore, tests in the primary hippocampal neurons also support the decreased mRNA levels of GluA1 and GluA2 induced by PFOS. After the pretreatment of AMPA antagonist (NBQX), PFOS decreased the expression of GluA1 and GluA2 and increased internal cellular calcium at much lower levels than that in the neurons without NBQX treatment. The results provide electrophysiological evidence for the impaired cognitive function induced by PFOS exposure and revealed the critical role of AMPA receptor involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China; Aquacultural Engineering R&D Center, School of Marine Technology and Environment Institute, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oliveira KJ, Chiamolera MI, Giannocco G, Pazos-Moura CC, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Thyroid Function Disruptors: from nature to chemicals. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 62:JME-18-0081. [PMID: 30006341 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The modern concept of thyroid disruptors includes man-made chemicals and bioactive compounds from food that interfere with any aspect of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, thyroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion, blood and transmembrane transport, metabolism and local action of thyroid hormones. This review highlights relevant disruptors that effect populations through their diet: directly from food itself (fish oil and polyunsaturated fatty acids, pepper, coffee, cinnamon and resveratrol/grapes), through vegetable cultivation (pesticides) and from containers for food storage and cooking (bisphenol A, phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers). Due to the vital role of thyroid hormones during every stage of life, we review effects from the gestational period through to adulthood, including evidence from in vitro studies, rodent models, human trials and epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Oliveira
- K Oliveira, Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabologia, Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Chiamolera
- M Chiamolera, Endocrinology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- G Giannocco, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura
- C Pazos-Moura, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- T Ortiga-Carvalho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Du L, Sun W, Li XM, Li XY, Liu W, Chen D. DNA methylation and copy number variation analyses of human embryonic stem cell-derived neuroprogenitors after low-dose decabromodiphenyl ether and/or bisphenol A exposure. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:475-485. [PMID: 28597690 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117710535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and bisphenol A (BPA) are environmental contaminants that can cross the placenta and exert toxicity in the developing fetal nervous system. Copy number variants (CNVs) play a role in a number of genetic disorders and may be implicated in BDE-209/BPA teratogenicity. In this study, we found that BDE-209 and/or BPA exposure decreased neural differentiation efficiency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), although there was a >90% induction of neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) from exposed hESCs. However, the mean of CNV numbers in the NPCs with BDE-209 + BPA treatment was significantly higher compared to the other groups, whereas DNA methylation was lower and DNA methyltransferase(DNMT1 and DNMT3A) expression were significantly decreased in all of the BDE-209 and/or BPA treatment groups compared with the control groups. The number of CNVs in chromosomes 3, 4, 11, 22, and X in NPCs with BDE-209 and/or BPA exposure was higher compared to the control group. In addition, CNVs in chromosomes 7, 8, 14, and 16 were stable in hESCs and hESCs-derived NPCs irrespective of BDE-209/BPA exposure, and CNVs in chromosomes 20 q11.21 and 16 p13.11 might be induced by neural differentiation. Thus, BDE-209/BPA exposure emerges as a potential source of CNVs distinct from neural differentiation by itself. BDE-209 and/or BPA exposure may cause genomic instability in cultured stem cells via reduced activity of DNA methyltransferase, suggesting a new mechanism of human embryonic neurodevelopmental toxicity caused by this class of environmental toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Du
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - W Sun
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - X M Li
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Li
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - W Liu
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - D Chen
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang H, Yolton K, Webster GM, Sjödin A, Calafat AM, Dietrich KN, Xu Y, Xie C, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal PBDE and PCB Exposures and Reading, Cognition, and Externalizing Behavior in Children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:746-752. [PMID: 27385187 PMCID: PMC5381998 DOI: 10.1289/ehp478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposures may influence children's neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of prenatal PBDE and PCB exposures with children's reading skills at ages 5 and 8 years, Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ), and externalizing behavior problems at age 8 years. METHODS From 239 mother-child pairs recruited (2003-2006) in Cincinnati, Ohio, we measured maternal serum PBDE and PCB concentrations, assessed child's reading skills using the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement III (WJ-III) at age 5 years and the Wide Range Achievement Test-4 (WRAT-4) at age 8 years, tested FSIQ using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV), and externalizing behavior problems using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2) at age 8 years. We used multiple linear regression to examine the association of prenatal PBDE and PCB concentrations and reading, FSIQ, and externalizing behavior problems after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS An increase of Sum4PBDEs (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and BDE-153) by 10 times was not significantly associated with reading scores at age 5 years at the p = 0.05 level but was inversely associated with Reading Composite scores (β: -6.2, 95% CI: -11.7, -0.6) and FSIQ (β: -5.3, 95% CI: -10.6, -0.02) at age 8 years; it was positively associated with the score for externalizing behavior problems (β: 3.5, 95% CI: -0.1, 7.2) at age 8 years. Prenatal Sum4PCBs (PCB-118, -153, -138-158, and -180) was not significantly associated with a child's reading skills, FSIQ, and externalizing behavior problems. CONCLUSION Prenatal PBDE concentration was inversely associated with reading skills and FSIQ and positively associated with externalizing behavior problems at age 8 years. No significant associations were found in prenatal PCB concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Glenys M. Webster
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kim N. Dietrich
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jung YS, Lee J, Seo J, Hwang GS. Metabolite profiling study on the toxicological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether in a rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1262-1272. [PMID: 27442109 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used to retard the combustion of materials such as foam padding, textiles, or plastics, and numerous studies have confirmed the accumulation thereof in the environment and in fish, mammals, and humans. In this study, we used metabolomics to conduct an environmental risk assessment of the PBDE-209. We profiled the urinary metabolites of control and PBDE-treated rats (exposed to PBDE-209) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Global metabolic profiling indicated that the effects of PBDE-209 on the urinary metabolic profile were not significant. However, targeted metabolic profiling revealed progressive effects of PBDE-209 over a 7-day PBDE-209 treatment. Moreover, despite the weak PBDE-209 effects, we observed that choline, acetylcholine, 3-indoxylsulfate, creatinine, urea, and dimethyl sulfone levels were decreased, whereas that of pyruvate was significantly increased. Furthermore, we suggest that the increased pyruvate level and decreased levels of choline, acetylcholine, and uremic toxins were suggestive of endocrine disruption and neurodevelopmental toxicity caused by PBDEs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1262-1272, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sang Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungju Seo
- Mass Spectrometry & Advanced Instrumentation Group, Ochang Headquters, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 363-886, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pham-Lake C, Aronoff EB, Camp CR, Vester A, Peters SJ, Caudle WM. Impairment in the mesohippocampal dopamine circuit following exposure to the brominated flame retardant, HBCDD. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 50:167-174. [PMID: 28214749 PMCID: PMC5382642 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals have been used to increase the safety of consumer products by reducing their flammability and risk for ignition. Recent focus on brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has shown them to contribute to neurobehavioral deficits in children, including learning and memory. As the manufacture and use of PBDEs have been reduced, replacement chemicals, such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) have been substituted. Our current study evaluated the neurotoxicity of HBCDD, concentrating on dopaminergic innervation to the hippocampus. Using an in vivo model, we exposed male mice to HBCDD and then assessed alterations to the dopamine synapse 6 weeks later. These exposures elicited significant reductions in presynaptic dopaminergic proteins, including TH, COMT, MAO-B, DAT, VMAT2, and alpha-synuclein. In contrast, postsynaptic dopamine receptors were not impaired. These findings suggest that the mesohippocampal dopamine circuit is vulnerable to HBCDD and the dopamine terminal may be a selective target for alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pham-Lake
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-3090, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Aronoff
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-3090, USA
| | - Chad R Camp
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-3090, USA
| | - Aimee Vester
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-3090, USA
| | - Sam J Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-3090, USA
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-3090, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322-3090, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Q, Liu W, Niu Q, Wang Y, Zhao H, Zhang H, Song J, Tsuda S, Saito N. Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate and its alternatives on long-term potentiation in the hippocampus CA1 region of adult rats in vivo. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:539-546. [PMID: 30090368 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00184f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the limited but ongoing usage of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the health effects of both PFOS and its alternatives are far from being understood. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was evaluated in rats after exposure to PFOS and its alternatives, aiming to provide some evidence about their potential to affect cognitive ability. Different dosages of PFOS and alternative chemicals, including perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFAES), were given to rats via acute intracerebroventricular injection. The field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) amplitude of the input/output functions, paired-pulse facilitations, and LTP in vivo were recorded. PFOS and its alternatives inhibited LTP in varying degrees, without significant effects on the normal synaptic transmission. In addition, PFHxS and Cl-PFAES exhibited comparable potential to PFOS in disturbing LTP. The results suggested that acute exposure to PFOS and its alternatives impaired the synaptic plasticity by a postsynaptic rather than a presynaptic mechanism. Besides, the fEPSP amplitude of the baseline was reduced by Cl-PFAES but not by other compounds, indicating that Cl-PFAES might act in a different mode. Providing some electrophysiological evidence and the potential mechanism of the neurotoxicity induced by PFOS and its alternatives, the present study addresses further evaluation of their safety and health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE) , School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China . ; ; , +86-411-84706263
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE) , School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China . ; ; , +86-411-84706263
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan 030001 , Shanxi , China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE) , School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China . ; ; , +86-411-84706263
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE) , School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China . ; ; , +86-411-84706263
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan 030001 , Shanxi , China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Occupational Health , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan 030001 , Shanxi , China
| | - Shuji Tsuda
- Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture , Morioka , Iwate , Japan
| | - Norimitsu Saito
- Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture , Morioka , Iwate , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hendriks HS, Westerink RH. Neurotoxicity and risk assessment of brominated and alternative flame retardants. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 52:248-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Noyes PD, Haggard DE, Gonnerman GD, Tanguay RL. Advanced morphological - behavioral test platform reveals neurodevelopmental defects in embryonic zebrafish exposed to comprehensive suite of halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:177-95. [PMID: 25711236 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of flammable plastics and electronic devices along with stricter fire safety standards has led to the heavy use of flame retardant chemicals in many consumer, commercial, and industrial products. Although flame retardant use has increased, a great deal of uncertainty surrounds their safety with some evidence showing toxicity and risk to human and environmental health. Recent efforts have focused on designing high-throughput biological platforms with nonmammalian models to evaluate and prioritize chemicals with limited hazard information. To complement these efforts, this study used a new morphological and behavioral testing platform with embryonic zebrafish to characterize the developmental toxicity of 44 halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants, including several of their known metabolites. Zebrafish were exposed to flame retardants from 6 to 120 h post fertilization (hpf) across concentrations spanning 4 orders of magnitude (eg, 6.4 nM to 64 µM). Flame retardant effects on survival and development were evaluated at 24 and 120 hpf, and neurobehavioral changes were measured using 2 photomotor response (PMR) assays. Compared to controls, 93% (41/44) of flame retardants studied elicited adverse effects among one or more of the bioassays and concentrations tested with the aryl phosphate ester (APE)-based mono-isopropylated triaryl phosphate and the brominated-bisphenol-A analog tetrabromobisphenol-A producing the greatest array of malformations. Hierarchical clustering showed that APE flame retardants with isopropyl, butyl, and cresyl substituents on phenyl rings clustered tightly and were particularly potent. Both PMR assays were highly predictive of morphological defects supporting their use as nonlethal means of evaluating teratogenicity that could allow for additional evaluations of long-term or delayed effects in older animals. Taken together, evidence presented here indicates that zebrafish neurodevelopment is highly sensitive to many flame retardants currently in use and can be used to understand potential vulnerabilities to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D Noyes
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Derik E Haggard
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Greg D Gonnerman
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hendriks HS, Koolen LAE, Dingemans MML, Viberg H, Lee I, Leonards PEG, Ramakers GMJ, Westerink RHS. Effects of neonatal exposure to the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A, aluminum diethylphosphinate or zinc stannate on long-term potentiation and synaptic protein levels in mice. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:2345-54. [PMID: 25253649 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants such as tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) may exert (developmental) neurotoxic effects. However, data on (neuro)toxicity of halogen-free flame retardants (HFFRs) are scarce. Recent in vitro studies indicated a high neurotoxic potential for some HFFRs, e.g., zinc stannate (ZS), whereas the neurotoxic potential of other HFFRs, such as aluminum diethylphosphinate (Alpi), appears low. However, the in vivo (neuro)toxicity of these compounds is largely unknown. We therefore investigated effects of neonatal exposure to TBBPA, Alpi or ZS on synaptic plasticity in mouse hippocampus. Male C57bl/6 mice received a single oral dose of 211 µmol/kg bw TBBPA, Alpi or ZS on postnatal day (PND) 10. On PND 17-19, effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity were investigated using ex vivo extracellular field recordings. Additionally, we measured levels of postsynaptic proteins involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) as well as flame retardant concentrations in brain, muscle and liver tissues. All three flame retardants induced minor, but insignificant, effects on LTP. Additionally, TBBPA induced a minor decrease in post-tetanic potentiation. Despite these minor effects, expression of selected synaptic proteins involved in LTP was not affected. The flame retardants could not be measured in significant amounts in the brains, suggesting low bioavailability and/or rapid elimination/metabolism. We therefore conclude that a single neonatal exposure on PND 10 to TBBPA, Alpi or ZS does affect neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity only to a small extent in mice. Additional data, in particular on persistence, bioaccumulation and (in vivo) toxicity, following prolonged (developmental) exposure are required for further (human) risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hester S Hendriks
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas A E Koolen
- Master's Programme in Neuroscience and Cognition, Utrecht University, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Milou M L Dingemans
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iwa Lee
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert M J Ramakers
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Westerink RHS. Modulation of cell viability, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels as common mechanisms of action of (mixtures of) non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6373-6383. [PMID: 23686757 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are environmental pollutants that exert neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects in vivo in humans and animals. Acute in vitro neurotoxic effects include changes in cell viability, oxidative stress, and basal intracellular calcium levels. Though these acute cellular effects could partly explain the observed in vivo effects, other mechanisms, such as effects on calcium influx and neurotransmitter receptor function, likely contribute to the disturbance in neurotransmission. This concise review combines in vitro data on cell viability, oxidative stress and basal calcium levels with recent data that clearly demonstrate that (hydroxylated) PCBs and (hydroxylated) PBDEs can exert acute effects on voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels as well as on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in vitro. These novel mechanisms of action are shared by NDL-PCBs, OH-PBDEs, and some other persistent organic pollutants, such as tetrabromobisphenol-A, and could have profound effects on neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and neurobehavior in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lim YW, Kim HH, Lee CS, Shin DC, Chang YS, Yang JY. Exposure assessment and health risk of poly-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants in the indoor environment of elementary school students in Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:1376-1389. [PMID: 24094588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the health risks of elementary school students' exposure to PBDEs via different possible pathways in children's facilities. After PBDE contamination was measured, exposure was demonstrated to occur through multiple routes, including inhalation of indoor dust, dermal contact with products' surfaces and children's hands, and incidental dust ingestion. Samples were collected from various children's facilities (30 elementary schools, 31 private academies, 12 living rooms and bedrooms in houses, 5 public libraries of children's literature, and 3 large hypermalls) in summer (Jul-Sep, 2008) and winter (Jan-Feb, 2009). The hazard index (HI) was estimated for non-carcinogens and PBDEs, such as TeBDE, PeBDE, HxBDE, OcBDE, and DeBDE. PBDEs were detected in all floor dust samples, 99% of indoor air samples, 94% of product-wipe samples, and 86% of hand wipe samples. The average levels of PBDEs ranged from 0.19 to 1.06 ng/m(3) in indoor air, 4623 to 6,650 ng/g-dust in floor dust, 0.012 to 0.103 ng/cm(2) on product surfaces, and 7.89 to 25.38 ng/hand on the surface of children's hands. The HI for school children via multimedia and multipathway exposure to PBDEs did not exceed 1.0. The exposure to PBDEs at home (approximately 80%) was dominant. The contribution rates of PBDE risk were 77% and 15% via dust ingestion at home and at elementary school, respectively; thus, intake of floor dust was determined to be the primary route of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Lim
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Kim
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Soo Lee
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chun Shin
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yang
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Perinatal exposure to BDE-99 causes learning disorders and decreases serum thyroid hormone levels and BDNF gene expression in hippocampus in rat offspring. Toxicology 2013; 308:122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
28
|
Zhang H, Li X, Nie J, Niu Q. Lactation exposure to BDE-153 damages learning and memory, disrupts spontaneous behavior and induces hippocampus neuron death in adult rats. Brain Res 2013; 1517:44-56. [PMID: 23624224 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexa-brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-153) exposure during lactation on the learning and memory abilities, spontaneous behavior and brain cells of adult rats and to elicit basic information on PBDE's developmental neurotoxicity. METHODS Newborn male rat pups were randomly categorized into the following groups (15 pups per group), according to their weights and litters: a control group, and 1mg/kg, 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg BDE-153 groups. At postnatal day 10 (PND10), the pups in the BDE-153 groups were intraperitoneally injected once with BDE-153 plant oil solutions at 0.1ml/10g body weight, and the controls were injected with plant oil. Throughout the entire experiment, physiological measures were recorded, such as food and water consumption, body weight and clinical symptoms. At 1 month and 2 months after treatment, the learning and memory abilities of the rats were tested by the Morris water maze test, the step-down test, and the step-through test; spontaneous behavior was tested by the open-field test. After all tests were accomplished, rats were weighed and sacrificed, and the brain tissue was immediately isolated and divided into two parts. Sections were fabricated from one part, and changes in the morphology and ultrastructure in CA3 region of hippocampus were observed under an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope, along with the detection of apoptotic cells with the terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The tissue of the second part was digested into single-cell suspension liquid, and the cell apoptosis was assayed with flow cytometry and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was detected with spectrophotometry. RESULTS There was no obvious change in food and water consumption, body weight and the ratio of brain to body weight, or any overt clinical symptoms in the BDE-153-treated rats. Compared to the control group, rats' latency time in the test session (LT2) in the step-down test was significantly increased in the 10mg/kg BDE-153 group at 2 months after treatment (P<0.05), and the BDE-153-treated rats' swimming times and distances in the target quadrant were significantly decreased at 1 month and 2 months after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These parameters were also significantly increased in the opposite quadrant at 1 month after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The spontaneous behavior was significantly reduced in the treated groups compared to the controls (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The severity of neurobehavioral dysfunction was dependent on the exposure dose of BDE-153, and worsened with age. Under an optical microscope, the treated rats' neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus were observed to be reduced and disarranged, and the cell junctions were loosened and the intercellular spaces were enlarged. Under a transmission electron microscope, the cell nucleus was observed to shrink; the chromatin was condensed and gathered near the nuclear membrane, the Nissl bodies and other organelles in the perikaryon were reduced, and the vacuole was observed to degenerate and even disappear. Moreover, compared to the controls, the cell apoptosis rates were significantly increased in the 5 and 10mg/kg BDE-153 groups (P<0.05), and the LDH activity was significantly increased in the 10mg/kg BDE-153 groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Lactation exposure to BDE-153 damaged adult rats' learning and memory abilities, disrupted their spontaneous behavior (hypoactivity) and induced hippocampus neuron apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schwartzer JJ, Koenig CM, Berman RF. Using mouse models of autism spectrum disorders to study the neurotoxicology of gene-environment interactions. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 36:17-35. [PMID: 23010509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To better study the role of genetics in autism, mouse models have been developed which mimic the genetics of specific autism spectrum and related disorders. These models have facilitated research on the role genetic susceptibility factors in the pathogenesis of autism in the absence of environmental factors. Inbred mouse strains have been similarly studied to assess the role of environmental agents on neurodevelopment, typically without the complications of genetic heterogeneity of the human population. What has not been as actively pursued, however, is the methodical study of the interaction between these factors (e.g., gene and environmental interactions in neurodevelopment). This review suggests that a genetic predisposition paired with exposure to environmental toxicants plays an important role in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, and may contribute to the largely unexplained rise in the number of children diagnosed with autism worldwide. Specifically, descriptions of the major mouse models of autism and toxic mechanisms of prevalent environmental chemicals are provided followed by a discussion of current and future research strategies to evaluate the role of gene and environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared J Schwartzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shibutani M, Fujimoto H, Woo GH, Inoue K, Takahashi M, Nishikawa A. Reply to Comment on “Impaired oligodendroglial development by decabromodiphenyl ether in rat offspring after maternal exposure from mid-gestation through lactation” [Reprod. Toxicol. 31(1) (2011) 86–94]. Reprod Toxicol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Biesemeier JA, Banasik M, Zhu Y, Harbison RD, Smith CJ, Stedeford T. Comment on: "Impaired oligodendroglial development by decabromodiphenyl ether in rat offspring after maternal exposure from mid-gestation through lactation". Reprod Toxicol 2011; 32:372-4; author reply 375-8. [PMID: 21736936 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
32
|
Dingemans MML, van den Berg M, Westerink RHS. Neurotoxicity of brominated flame retardants: (in)direct effects of parent and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers on the (developing) nervous system. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:900-7. [PMID: 21245014 PMCID: PMC3223008 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated (OH-) or methoxylated forms have been detected in humans. Because this raises concern about adverse effects on the developing brain, we reviewed the scientific literature on these mechanisms. DATA SYNTHESIS Many rodent studies reported behavioral changes after developmental, neonatal, or adult exposure to PBDEs, and other studies documented subtle structural and functional alterations in brains of PBDE-exposed animals. Functional effects have been observed on synaptic plasticity and the glutamate-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. In the brain, changes have been observed in the expression of genes and proteins involved in synapse and axon formation, neuronal morphology, cell migration, synaptic plasticity, ion channels, and vesicular neurotransmitter release. Cellular and molecular mechanisms include effects on neuronal viability
(via apoptosis and oxidative stress), neuronal differentiation and migration, neurotransmitter release/uptake, neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels, calcium (Ca²⁺) homeostasis, and intracellular signaling pathways. DISCUSSION Bioactivation of PBDEs by hydroxylation has been observed for several endocrine end points. This has also been observed for mechanisms related to neurodevelopment, including binding to thyroid hormone receptors and transport proteins, disruption of Ca²⁺ homeostasis, and modulation of GABA and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function. CONCLUSIONS The increased hazard for developmental neurotoxicity by hydroxylated (OH-)PBDEs compared with their parent congeners via direct neurotoxicity and thyroid disruption clearly warrants further investigation into a) the role of oxidative metabolism in producing active metabolites of PBDEs and their impact on brain development; b) concentrations of parent and OH-PBDEs in the brain; and c) interactions between different environmental contaminants during exposure to mixtures, which may increase neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milou M L Dingemans
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang W, Cai Y, Sheng G, Chen D, Fu J. Tissue distribution of decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) and its metabolites in sucking rat pups after prenatal and/or postnatal exposure. Toxicology 2011; 283:49-54. [PMID: 21345361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen A, Dietrich KN, Huo X, Ho SM. Developmental neurotoxicants in e-waste: an emerging health concern. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:431-8. [PMID: 21081302 PMCID: PMC3080922 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic waste (e-waste) has been an emerging environmental health issue in both developed and developing countries, but its current management practice may result in unintended developmental neurotoxicity in vulnerable populations. To provide updated information about the scope of the issue, presence of known and suspected neurotoxicants, toxicologic mechanisms, and current data gaps, we conducted this literature review. DATA SOURCES We reviewed original articles and review papers in PubMed and Web of Science regarding e-waste toxicants and their potential developmental neurotoxicity. We also searched published reports of intergovernmental and governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations on e-waste production and management practice. DATA EXTRACTION We focused on the potential exposure to e-waste toxicants in vulnerable populations-that is, pregnant women and developing children-and neurodevelopmental outcomes. In addition, we summarize experimental evidence of developmental neurotoxicity and mechanisms. DATA SYNTHESIS In developing countries where most informal and primitive e-waste recycling occurs, environmental exposure to lead, cadmium, chromium, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is prevalent at high concentrations in pregnant women and young children. Developmental neurotoxicity is a serious concern in these regions, but human studies of adverse effects and potential mechanisms are scarce. The unprecedented mixture of exposure to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants warrants further studies and necessitates effective pollution control measures. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women and young children living close to informal e-waste recycling sites are at risk of possible perturbations of fetus and child neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Suvorov A, Takser L. Delayed response in the rat frontal lobe transcriptome to perinatal exposure to the flame retardant BDE-47. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:477-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Suvorov
- Département Obstétrique Gynécologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; 3001, 12e Avenue Nord; Sherbrooke; Québec; Canada; J1H 5N4
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; 3001, 12e Avenue Nord; Sherbrooke; Québec; Canada; J1H 5N4
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Biesemeier JA, Beck MJ, Silberberg H, Myers NR, Ariano JM, Radovsky A, Freshwater L, Sved DW, Jacobi S, Stump DG, Hardy ML, Stedeford T. An oral developmental neurotoxicity study of decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 92:17-35. [PMID: 21284075 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE; CASRN 1163-19-5) is a flame retardant used in a variety of manufactured products. A single oral dose of 20.1 mg/kg administered to mice on postnatal day 3 has been reported to alter motor activity at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. METHODS To further evaluate these results, a developmental neurotoxicity study was conducted in the most commonly used species for studies of this type, the rat, according to international validated testing guidelines and Good Laboratory Practice Standards. DecaBDE was administered orally via gavage in corn oil to dams from gestation day 6 to weaning at doses of 0, 1, 10, 100, or 1,000 mg/kg/day. Standard measures of growth, development, and neurological endpoints were evaluated in the offspring. Motor activity was assessed at 2 months of age. Additional motor activity assessments were conducted at 4 and 6 months of age. Neuropathology and morphometry evaluations of the offspring were performed at weaning and adulthood. RESULTS No treatment-related neurobehavioral changes were observed in detailed clinical observations, startle response, or learning and memory tests. No test substance-related changes were noted in motor activity assessments performed at 2, 4, or 6 months of age. Finally, no treatment-related neuropathological or morphometric alterations were found. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level for developmental neurotoxicity of DecaBDE was 1,000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested.
Collapse
|
37
|
Is the PentaBDE replacement, tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), a developmental neurotoxicant? Studies in PC12 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:281-9. [PMID: 21255595 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are used as replacements for the commercial PentaBDE mixture that was phased out in 2004. OPFRs are ubiquitous in the environment and detected at high concentrations in residential dust, suggesting widespread human exposure. OPFRs are structurally similar to neurotoxic organophosphate pesticides, raising concerns about exposure and toxicity to humans. This study evaluated the neurotoxicity of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) compared to the organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), a known developmental neurotoxicant. We also tested the neurotoxicity of three structurally similar OPFRs, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris (1-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP), and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a major component of PentaBDE. Using undifferentiated and differentiating PC12 cells, changes in DNA synthesis, oxidative stress, differentiation into dopaminergic or cholinergic neurophenotypes, cell number, cell growth and neurite growth were assessed. TDCPP displayed concentration-dependent neurotoxicity, often with effects equivalent to or greater than equimolar concentrations of CPF. TDCPP inhibited DNA synthesis, and all OPFRs decreased cell number and altered neurodifferentiation. Although TDCPP elevated oxidative stress, there was no adverse effect on cell viability or growth. TDCPP and TDBPP promoted differentiation into both neuronal phenotypes, while TCEP and TCPP promoted only the cholinergic phenotype. BDE-47 had no effect on cell number, cell growth or neurite growth. Our results demonstrate that different OPFRs show divergent effects on neurodifferentiation, suggesting the participation of multiple mechanisms of toxicity. Additionally, these data suggest that OPFRs may affect neurodevelopment with similar or greater potency compared to known and suspected neurotoxicants.
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Fujimoto H, Woo GH, Inoue K, Takahashi M, Hirose M, Nishikawa A, Shibutani M. Impaired oligodendroglial development by decabromodiphenyl ether in rat offspring after maternal exposure from mid-gestation through lactation. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 31:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Currás-Collazo MC. Nitric oxide signaling as a common target of organohalogens and other neuroendocrine disruptors. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:495-536. [PMID: 21790323 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.578564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organohalogen compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are global environmental pollutants and highly persistent, bioaccumulative chemicals that produce adverse effects in humans and wildlife. Because of the widespread use of these organohalogens in household items and consumer products, indoor contamination is a significant source of human exposure, especially for children. One significant concern with regard to health effects associated with exposure to organohalogens is endocrine disruption. Toxicological studies on organohalogen pollutants primarily focused on sex steroid and thyroid hormone actions, and findings have largely shaped the way one envisions their disruptive effects occurring. Organohalogens exert additional effects on other systems including other complex endocrine systems that may be disregulated at various levels of organization. Over the last 20 years evidence has mounted in favor of a critical role of nitric oxide (NO) in numerous functions ranging from neuroendocrine functions to learning and memory. With its participation in multiple systems and action at several levels of integration, NO signaling has a pervasive influence on nervous and endocrine functions. Like blockers of NO synthesis, PCBs and PBDEs produce multifaceted effects on physiological systems. Based on this unique set of converging information it is proposed that organohalogen actions occur, in part, by hijacking processes associated with this ubiquitous bioactive molecule. The current review examines the emerging evidence for NO involvement in selected organohalogen actions and includes recent progress from our laboratory that adds to our current understanding of the actions of organohalogens within hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits. The thyroid, vasopressin, and reproductive systems as well as processes associated with long-term potentiation were selected as sample targets of organohalogens that rely on regulation by NO. Information is provided about other toxicants with demonstrated interference of NO signaling. Our focus on the convergence between NO system and organohalogen toxicity offers a novel approach to understanding endocrine and neuroendocrine disruption that is particularly problematic for developing organisms. This new working model is proposed as a way to encourage future study in elucidating common mechanisms of action that are selected with a better operational understanding of the systems affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita C Currás-Collazo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Is decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) a developmental neurotoxicant? Neurotoxicology 2010; 32:9-24. [PMID: 21182867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. The relatively higher body burden in toddlers and children has raised concern for their potential developmental neurotoxicity, which has been suggested by animal studies, in vitro experiments, and recent human epidemiological evidence. While lower brominated PBDEs have been banned in several countries, the fully brominated decaBDE (BDE-209) is still utilized, though manufacturers will discontinue production in the U.S.A. in 2013. The recent decision by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to base the reference dose (RfD) for BDE-209 on a developmental neurotoxicity study has generated some controversy. Because of its bulky configuration, BDE-209 is poorly absorbed and does not easily penetrate the cell wall. Its acute and chronic toxicities are relatively low, with the liver and the thyroid as the primary targets, though there is some evidence of carcinogenicity. A few animal studies have indicated that BDE-209 may cause developmental neurotoxicity, affecting motor and cognitive domains, as seen for other PBDEs. Limited in vivo and in vitro studies have also evidenced effects of BDE-209 on thyroid hormone homeostasis and direct effects on nervous cells, again similar to what found with other lower brominated PBDEs. In contrast, a recent developmental neurotoxicity study, carried out according to international guidelines, has provided no evidence of adverse effects on neurodevelopment, and this should be considered in a future re-evaluation of BDE-209. While estimated exposure to BDE-209 in children is believed to be several orders of magnitude below the most conservative RfD proposed by the USEPA, questions remain on the extent and relevance of BDE-209 metabolism to lower brominated PBDEs in the environment and in humans.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kodavanti PRS, Curras-Collazo MC. Neuroendocrine actions of organohalogens: thyroid hormones, arginine vasopressin, and neuroplasticity. Front Neuroendocrinol 2010; 31:479-96. [PMID: 20609372 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organohalogen compounds are global environmental pollutants. They are highly persistent, bioaccumulative, and cause adverse effects in humans and wildlife. Because of the widespread use of these organohalogens in household items and consumer products, indoor contamination may be a significant source of human exposure, especially for children. One significant concern with regard to health effects associated with exposure to organohalogens is endocrine disruption. This review focuses on PCBs and PBDEs as old and new organohalogens, respectively, and their effects on two neuroendocrine systems; thyroid hormones and the arginine vasopressin system (AVP). Regarding neuroendocrine effects of organohalogens, there is considerable information on the thyroid system as a target and evidence is now accumulating that the AVP system and associated functions are also susceptible to disruption. AVP-mediated functions such as osmoregulation, cardiovascular function as well as social behavior, sexual function and learning/memory are discussed. For both thyroid and AVP systems, the timing of exposure seems to play a major role in the outcome of adverse effects. The mechanism of organohalogen action is well understood for the thyroid system. In comparison, this aspect is understudied in the AVP system but some similarities in neural processes, shown to be targeted by these pollutants, serve as promising possibilities for study. One challenge in understanding modes of action within neuroendocrine systems is their complexity stemming, in part, from interdependent levels of organization. Further, because of the interplay between neuroendocrine and neural functions and behavior, further investigation into organohalogen-mediated effects is warranted and may yield insights with wider scope. Indeed, the current literature provides scattered evidence regarding the role of organohalogen-induced neuroendocrine disruption in the neuroplasticity related to both learning functions and brain structure but future studies are needed to establish the role of endocrine disruption in nervous system function and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasada Rao S Kodavanti
- Neurotoxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, B 105-06, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hendriks HS, Antunes Fernandes EC, Bergman A, van den Berg M, Westerink RHS. PCB-47, PBDE-47, and 6-OH-PBDE-47 differentially modulate human GABAA and alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Toxicol Sci 2010; 118:635-42. [PMID: 20861069 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the structurally related polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are abundant persistent organic pollutants that exert several comparable neurotoxic effects. Importantly, hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs and PBDEs have an increased neurotoxic potency. Recently, we demonstrated that PCBs can act as (partial) agonist on GABA(A) neurotransmitter receptors, with PCB-47 being the most potent congener. It is, however, unknown whether PBDE-47 and its metabolite 6-OH-PBDE-47 exert similar effects and if these effects are limited to GABA(A) receptors only. We therefore investigated effects of PCB-47, PBDE-47, and 6-OH-PBDE-47 on the inhibitory GABA(A) and excitatory α(4)β(2) nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. Since human exposure is generally not limited to individual compounds, experiments with binary mixtures were also performed. The results demonstrate that PCB-47 and 6-OH-PBDE-47 act as full and partial agonist on the GABA(A) receptor. However, both congeners act as antagonist on the nACh receptor. PBDE-47 does not affect either type of receptor. Binary mixtures of PCB-47 and 6-OH-PBDE-47 induced an additive activation as well as potentiation of GABA(A) receptors, whereas this mixture resulted in an additive inhibition of nACh receptors. Binary mixtures of PBDE-47 and 6-OH-PBDE-47 yielded similar effects as 6-OH-PBDE-47 alone. These findings demonstrate that GABA(A) and nACh receptors are affected differently by PCB-47 and 6-OH-PBDE-47, with inhibitory GABA(A)-mediated signaling being potentiated and excitatory α(4)β(2) nACh-mediated signaling being inhibited. Considering these opposite actions and the additive interaction of the congeners, these effects are likely to be augmented in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hester S Hendriks
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dingemans MML, Heusinkveld HJ, Bergman A, van den Berg M, Westerink RHS. Bromination pattern of hydroxylated metabolites of BDE-47 affects their potency to release calcium from intracellular stores in PC12 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:519-25. [PMID: 20368133 PMCID: PMC2854729 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brominated flame retardants, including the widely used polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), have been detected in humans, raising concern about possible neurotoxicity. Recent research demonstrated that the hydroxylated metabolite 6-OH-BDE-47 increases neurotransmitter release by releasing calcium ions (Ca2+) from intracellular stores at much lower concentrations than its environmentally relevant parent congener BDE-47. Recently, several other hydroxylated BDE-47 metabolites, besides 6-OH-BDE-47, have been detected in human serum and cord blood. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To investigate the neurotoxic potential of other environmentally relevant PBDEs and their metabolites, we examined and compared the acute effects of BDE-47, BDE-49, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and several metabolites of BDE-47-6-OH-BDE-47 (and its methoxylated analog 6-MeO-BDE-47), 6 -OH-BDE-49, 5-OH-BDE-47, 3-OH-BDE-47, and 4 -OH-BDE-49--on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), measured using the Ca2+-responsive dye Fura-2 in neuroendocrine pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. RESULTS In contrast to the parent PBDEs and 6-MeO-BDE-47, all hydroxylated metabolites induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, although with different lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs). The major intracellular Ca2+ sources were either endoplasmic reticulum (ER; 5-OH-BDE-47 and 6 -OH-BDE-49) or both ER and mitochondria (6-OH-BDE-47, 3-OH-BDE-47, and 4 -OH-BDE-49). When investigating fluctuations in [Ca2+]i, which is a more subtle end point, we observed lower LOECs for 6-OH-BDE-47 and 4 -OH-BDE-49, as well as for BDE-47. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrate that hydroxylated metabolites of BDE-47 cause disturbance of the [Ca2+]i. Importantly, shielding of the OH group on both sides with bromine atoms and/or the ether bond to the other phenyl ring lowers the potency of hydroxylated PBDE metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milou M L Dingemans
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Banasik M, Hardy M, Harbison RD, Stedeford T. Comment on "brominated flame retardants in children's toys: concentration, composition, and children's exposure and risk assessment". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:1152-1156. [PMID: 20050682 DOI: 10.1021/es903366p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Banasik
- Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Johnson GT, Zhu Y, Harbison RD. Comment on: Effects of decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) exposure at different developmental periods on synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus of adult rats in vivo. Toxicol Sci 2010; 114:387-8. [PMID: 20100737 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|