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Chmielowska-Bąk J, Searle IR, Wakai TN, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. The role of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications in plants exposed to non-essential metals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1278185. [PMID: 38111878 PMCID: PMC10726048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the soil with non-essential metals and metalloids is a serious problem in many regions of the world. These non-essential metals and metalloids are toxic to all organisms impacting crop yields and human health. Crop plants exposed to high concentrations of these metals leads to perturbed mineral homeostasis, decreased photosynthesis efficiency, inhibited cell division, oxidative stress, genotoxic effects and subsequently hampered growth. Plants can activate epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms to maintain cellular and organism homeostasis. Epigenetic modifications include changes in the patterns of cytosine and adenine DNA base modifications, changes in cellular non-coding RNAs, and remodeling histone variants and covalent histone tail modifications. Some of these epigenetic changes have been shown to be long-lasting and may therefore contribute to stress memory and modulated stress tolerance in the progeny. In the emerging field of epitranscriptomics, defined as chemical, covalent modifications of ribonucleotides in cellular transcripts, epitranscriptomic modifications are postulated as more rapid modulators of gene expression. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the plant's epigenetic changes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, a comprehensive review of the plant's epigenetic responses to metals is lacking. While the role of epitranscriptomics during plant developmental processes and stress responses are emerging, epitranscriptomic modifications in response to metals has not been reviewed. This article describes the impact of non-essential metals and metalloids (Cd, Pb, Hg, Al and As) on global and site-specific DNA methylation, histone tail modifications and epitranscriptomic modifications in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagna Chmielowska-Bąk
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Iain Robert Searle
- Discipline of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Theophilus Nang Wakai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Fogliano C, Motta CM, Acloque H, Avallone B, Carotenuto R. Water contamination by delorazepam induces epigenetic defects in the embryos of the clawed frog Xenopus laevis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165300. [PMID: 37414173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Delorazepam, a derivative of diazepam, is a psychotropic drug belonging to the benzodiazepine class. Used as a nervous-system inhibitor, it treats anxiety, insomnia, and epilepsy, but is also associated with misuse and abuse. Nowadays benzodiazepines are considered emerging pollutants: conventional wastewater treatment plants indeed are unable to eliminate these compounds. Consequently, they persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in non-target aquatic organisms with consequences still not fully clear. To collect more information, we investigated the possible epigenetic activity of delorazepam, at three concentrations (1, 5 and 10 μg/L) using Xenopus laevis embryos as a model. Analyses demonstrated a significant increase in genomic DNA methylation and differential methylation of the promoters of some early developmental genes (otx2, sox3, sox9, pax6, rax1, foxf1, and myod1). Moreover, studies on gene expression highlighted an unbalancing in apoptosis/proliferation pathways and an aberrant expression of DNA-repair genes. Results are alarming considering the growing trend of benzodiazepine concentrations in superficial waters, especially after the peak occurred as a consequence of the pandemic COVID-19, and the fact that benzodiazepine GABA-A receptors are highly conserved and present in all aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Motta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Hervé Acloque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosa Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Yue Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Zeng J, Wang Q, Wang C, Peng S. Whole-Genome Methylation Sequencing of Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Liver Under Hypoxia and Acidification Stress. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:567-579. [PMID: 37450059 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an important aquaculture species in China. This study analysed whole-genome methylation differences in liver tissues of young fish under different hypoxic and acidification conditions. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of DMGs were conducted to explore the mechanism of coping with hypoxic acidification. The main methylation type was CG, accounting for > 70% of total methylation, significantly higher than CHG and CHH methylation types. GO enrichment analysis of DMGs revealed strong enrichment of nervous system development, cell periphery, plasma membrane, cell junction organisation, cell junction, signalling receptor activity, molecular sensor activity, cell-linked tissue junction organisation, cell-cell adhesion and nervous system development. KEGG enrichment analysis of DMR-related genes identified cell adhesion molecules, cortisol synthesis and secretion and aldosterone synthesis and secretion as the three key pathways regulating the physiological responses to hypoxia and acidification. Long-term hypoxic and acidification stress affected the immune system, nervous system and stress responses of large yellow croaker. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of exposed tissues was used to investigate changes that occur in L. crocea in response to hypoxic and acidic conditions at the DNA methylation level. The findings contribute to our comprehensive understanding of functional methylation in large yellow croaker and will support future research on the response mechanisms of this species under different environmental pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Bianbian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
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Paz-Sabillón M, Torres-Sánchez L, Piña-Pozas M, Del Razo LM, Quintanilla-Vega B. Prenatal Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals and Their Effects on Genetic Material in Offspring: a Systematic Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2125-2150. [PMID: 35713810 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the background level of environmental pollutants, including metals, has increased. Pollutant exposure during the earliest stages of life may determine chronic disease susceptibility in adulthood because of genetic or epigenetic changes. The objective of this review was to identify the association between prenatal and early postnatal exposure to potentially toxic metals (PTMs) and their adverse effects on the genetic material of offspring. A systematic review was carried out following the Cochrane methodology in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible papers were those conducted in humans and published in English between 2010/01/01 and 2021/04/30. A total of 57 articles were included, most of which evaluated prenatal exposure. Most commonly evaluated PTMs were As, Cd, and Pb. Main adverse effects on the genetic material of newborns associated with PTM prenatal exposure were alterations in telomere length, gene or protein expression, mitochondrial DNA content, metabolomics, DNA damage, and epigenetic modifications. Many of these effects were sex-specific, being predominant in boys. One article reported a synergistic interaction between As and Hg, and two articles observed antagonistic interactions between PTMs and essential metals, such as Cu, Se, and Zn. The findings in this review highlight that the problem of PTM exposure persists, affecting the most susceptible populations, such as newborns. Some of these associations were observed at low concentrations of PTMs. Most of the studies have focused on single exposures; however, three interactions between essential and nonessential metals were observed, highlighting that metal mixtures need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Paz-Sabillón
- Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav, Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- National Institute of Public Health, Ave. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maricela Piña-Pozas
- National Institute of Public Health, Ave. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav, Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega
- Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav, Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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da Costa Siqueira JT, Reis AC, Lopes JML, Ladeira LO, Viccini LF, de Mello Brandão H, Munk M, de Sousa SM. Chromosomal aberrations and changes in the methylation patterns of Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae) exposed to carbon nanotubes. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Jiménez-Garza O, Ghosh M, Barrow TM, Godderis L. Toxicomethylomics revisited: A state-of-the-science review about DNA methylation modifications in blood cells from workers exposed to toxic agents. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1073658. [PMID: 36891347 PMCID: PMC9986591 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1073658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epigenetic marks have been proposed as early changes, at the subcellular level, in disease development. To find more specific biomarkers of effect in occupational exposures to toxicants, DNA methylation studies in peripheral blood cells have been performed. The goal of this review is to summarize and contrast findings about DNA methylation in blood cells from workers exposed to toxicants. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and Web of Science. After first screening, we discarded all studies performed in vitro and in experimental animals, as well as those performed in other cell types other than peripheral blood cells. Results: 116 original research papers met the established criteria, published from 2007 to 2022. The most frequent investigated exposures/labor group were for benzene (18.9%) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (15.5%), particulate matter (10.3%), lead (8.6%), pesticides (7.7%), radiation (4.3%), volatile organic compound mixtures (4.3%), welding fumes (3.4%) chromium (2.5%), toluene (2.5%), firefighters (2.5%), coal (1.7%), hairdressers (1.7%), nanoparticles (1.7%), vinyl chloride (1.7%), and others. Few longitudinal studies have been performed, as well as few of them have explored mitochondrial DNA methylation. Methylation platforms have evolved from analysis in repetitive elements (global methylation), gene-specific promoter methylation, to epigenome-wide studies. The most reported observations were global hypomethylation as well as promoter hypermethylation in exposed groups compared to controls, while methylation at DNA repair/oncogenes genes were the most studied; studies from genome-wide studies detect differentially methylated regions, which could be either hypo or hypermethylated. Discussion Some evidence from longitudinal studies suggest that modifications observed in cross-sectional designs may be transitory; then, we cannot say that DNA methylation changes are predictive of disease development due to those exposures. Conclusion Due to the heterogeneity in the genes studied, and scarcity of longitudinal studies, we are far away from considering DNA methylation changes as biomarkers of effect in occupational exposures, and nor can we establish a clear functional or pathological correlate for those epigenetic modifications associated with the studied exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Jiménez-Garza
- Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Environment and Health Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timothy M Barrow
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Pan J, Li X, Wei Y, Ni L, Xu B, Deng Y, Yang T, Liu W. Advances on the Influence of Methylmercury Exposure during Neurodevelopment. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:43-58. [PMID: 34989572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy-metal element, which can be enriched in fauna and flora and transformed into methylmercury (MeHg). MeHg is a widely distributed environmental pollutant that may be harmful to fish-eating populations through enrichment of aquatic food chains. The central nervous system is a primary target of MeHg. Embryos and infants are more sensitive to MeHg, and exposure to MeHg during gestational feeding can significantly impair the homeostasis of offspring, leading to long-term neurodevelopmental defects. At present, MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity has become a hotspot in the field of neurotoxicology, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. Some evidence point to oxidative damage, excitotoxicity, calcium ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic changes, and other molecular mechanisms that play important roles in MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. In this review, advances in the study of neurodevelopmental toxicity of MeHg exposure during pregnancy and the molecular mechanisms of related pathways are summarized, in order to provide more scientific basis for the study of neurodevelopmental toxicity of MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Yanfeng Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Linlin Ni
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
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Fukuda A, Hazelbaker DZ, Motosugi N, Hao J, Limone F, Beccard A, Mazzucato P, Messana A, Okada C, San Juan IG, Qian M, Umezawa A, Akutsu H, Barrett LE, Eggan K. De novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B are essential for XIST silencing for erosion of dosage compensation in pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2138-2148. [PMID: 34416176 PMCID: PMC8452533 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have proven to be valuable tools for both drug discovery and the development of cell-based therapies. However, the long non-coding RNA XIST, which is essential for the establishment and maintenance of X chromosome inactivation, is repressed during culture, thereby causing erosion of dosage compensation in female hPSCs. Here, we report that the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A/3B are necessary for XIST repression in female hPSCs. We found that the deletion of both genes, but not the individual genes, inhibited XIST silencing, maintained the heterochromatin mark of H3K27me3, and did not cause global overdosage in X-linked genes. Meanwhile, DNMT3A/3B deletion after XIST repression failed to restore X chromosome inactivation. Our findings revealed that de novo DNA methyltransferases are primary factors responsible for initiating erosion of dosage compensation in female hPSCs, and XIST silencing is stably maintained in a de novo DNA-methylation-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fukuda
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; The Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan; Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan; Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Dane Z Hazelbaker
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nami Motosugi
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin Hao
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Limone
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Beccard
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Mazzucato
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angelica Messana
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chisa Okada
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Irune Guerra San Juan
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Menglu Qian
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lindy E Barrett
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Lu H, Zhao W, Liu WH, Sun T, Lou H, Wei T, Hung WL, Chen Q. Safety Evaluation of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and ET-22 in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:686541. [PMID: 34394030 PMCID: PMC8358461 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.686541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been reported to play a major role in maintaining the balance of microbiota in host. Consumption of food with probiotics has increased with consumer concerns regarding healthy diets and wellness. Correspondingly, safety evaluation of probiotics for human consumption has become increasingly important in food industry. Herein, we aimed to test the safety of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and ET-22 strains in vitro and in vivo. In results, these strains were found to be negative for mucin degradation and platelet aggregation test. Additionally, the three strains were susceptible to eight antibiotics. In accordance with bacterial reversion mutation (Ames) assay, the tested strains had no genetic mutagenicity. Finally, it was confirmed that there were no dose-dependent mortality and toxicity throughout multidose oral toxicity tests in rats. Our findings demonstrated that B. lactis BL-99 and L. paracasei K56 and ET-22 can achieve the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status as probiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Hanghang Lou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Wei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Rossnerova A, Honkova K, Chvojkova I, Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Hubacek JA, Lischkova L, Vlckova S, Ondracek J, Dvorackova S, Topinka J, Rossner P. Individual DNA Methylation Pattern Shifts in Nanoparticles-Exposed Workers Analyzed in Four Consecutive Years. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157834. [PMID: 34360600 PMCID: PMC8346047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA methylation pattern represents an original plan of the function settings of individual cells and tissues. The basic strategies of its development and changes during the human lifetime are known, but the details related to its modification over the years on an individual basis have not yet been studied. Moreover, current evidence shows that environmental exposure could generate changes in DNA methylation settings and, subsequently, the function of genes. In this study, we analyzed the effect of chronic exposure to nanoparticles (NP) in occupationally exposed workers repeatedly sampled in four consecutive years (2016-2019). A detailed methylation pattern analysis of 14 persons (10 exposed and 4 controls) was performed on an individual basis. A microarray-based approach using chips, allowing the assessment of more than 850 K CpG loci, was used. Individual DNA methylation patterns were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). The results show the shift in DNA methylation patterns in individual years in all the exposed and control subjects. The overall range of differences varied between the years in individual persons. The differences between the first and last year of examination (a three-year time period) seem to be consistently greater in the NP-exposed subjects in comparison with the controls. The selected 14 most differently methylated cg loci were relatively stable in the chronically exposed subjects. In summary, the specific type of long-term exposure can contribute to the fixing of relevant epigenetic changes related to a specific environment as, e.g., NP inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-241-062-053
| | - Katerina Honkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Irena Chvojkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (L.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.O.)
| | - Jaroslav A. Hubacek
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (L.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (L.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.O.)
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
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Fang X, Poulsen R, Zhao L, Wang J, Rivkees SA, Wendler CC. Knockdown of DNA methyltransferase 1 reduces DNA methylation and alters expression patterns of cardiac genes in embryonic cardiomyocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2021. [PMID: 34235895 PMCID: PMC8329956 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) plays an important role in regulating embryonic cardiomyocyte gene expression, morphology, and function. In this study, we investigated the role of the most abundant DNMT in mammalian cells, DNMT1, in these processes. It is known that DNMT1 is essential for embryonic development, during which it is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte DNA methylation and gene expression. We used siRNA to knock down DNMT1 expression in primary cultures of mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence staining and multielectrode array were, respectively, utilized to evaluate cardiomyocyte growth and electrophysiology. RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) and multiplex bisulfite sequencing were, respectively, performed to examine gene expression and promoter methylation. At 72 h post‐transfection, reduction of DNMT1 expression decreased the number and increased the size of embryonic cardiomyocytes. Beat frequency and the amplitude of field action potentials were decreased by DNMT1 siRNA. RNA‐Seq analysis identified 801 up‐regulated genes and 494 down‐regulated genes in the DNMT1 knockdown cells when compared to controls. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed pathways that were associated with cell death and survival, cell morphology, cardiac function, and cardiac disease. Alternative splicing analysis identified 929 differentially expressed exons, including 583 up‐regulated exons and 308 down‐regulated exons. Moreover, decreased methylation levels were found in the promoters of cardiac genes Myh6, Myh7, Myh7b, Tnnc1, Tnni3, Tnnt2, Nppa, Nppb, mef2c, mef2d, Camta2, Cdkn1A, and Cdkn1C. Of these 13 genes, 6 (Myh6, Tnnc1, Tnni3, Tnnt2, Nppa, Nppb) and 1 (Cdkn1C) had increased or decreased gene expression, respectively. Altogether, these data show that DNMT1 is important in embryonic cardiomyocytes by regulating DNA methylation, gene expression, gene splicing, and cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ryan Poulsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lu Zhao
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Scott A Rivkees
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher C Wendler
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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12
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Zhou G, Liu J, Li X, Sang Y, Zhang Y, Gao L, Wang J, Yu Y, Ge W, Sun Z, Zhou X. Silica nanoparticles inducing the apoptosis via microRNA-450b-3p targeting MTCH2 in mice and spermatocyte cell. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116771. [PMID: 33652185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) could cause reproductive toxicity. The role of miRNAs in reproductive toxicity induced by SiNPs is still ambiguous. The present study was designed to investigate the role of miRNA-450 b-3p. In vivo, 40 male mice were randomly divided into control, and 20 mg/kg SiNPs groups. The mice were administrated by tracheal perfusion for 35 days. In vitro, spermatocyte cells (GC-2spd cells) were divided into 6 groups: 0 μg/mL SiNPs groups, 5 μg/mL SiNPs groups, 5 μg/mL SiNPs + miRNA-450 b-3p mimic transfection group, 5 μg/mL SiNPs + miRNA-450 b-3p mimic negative control group, 5 μg/mL SiNPs + miRNA-450 b-3p inhibitor transfection group, and 5 μg/mL SiNPs + miRNA-450 b-3p inhibitor negative control group. The results showed that SiNPs induced the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, decreased the quantity and quality of the sperm, reduced the expressions of miR-450 b-3p, and increased the protein expressions of the MTCH2, BID, BAX, Cytochrome C, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 in the testis. In vitro, the mimic of miRNA-450 b-3p reversed the decrease of viability and the increase of apoptosis rate and significantly antagonized the expression enhancements of the MTCH2, BID, BAX, Cytochrome C, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 induced by SiNPs, while inhibitor of miRNA-450 b-3p further promoted the effects induced by SiNPs. The result suggested that SiNPs could inhibit the miR-450 b-3p expression resulting in activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathways by regulating the MTCH2 in the spermatocyte cells and, thus, induce the reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yujian Sang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Leqiang Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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13
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Cho Y, Song MK, Ryu JC. DNA methylome signatures as epigenetic biomarkers of hexanal associated with lung toxicity. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10779. [PMID: 33604181 PMCID: PMC7868067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have investigated the relationship of environmental exposure, epigenetic effects, and human diseases. These linkages may contribute to the potential toxicity mechanisms of environmental chemicals. Here, we investigated the epigenetic pulmonary response of hexanal, a major indoor irritant, following inhalation exposure in F-344 rats. Methods Based on DNA methylation profiling in gene promoter regions, we identified hexanal-characterized methylated sites and target genes using an unpaired t-test with a fold-change cutoff of ≥ 3.0 and a p-value < 0.05. We also conducted an integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression data to identify core anti-correlated target genes of hexanal exposure. To further investigate the potential key biological processes and pathways of core DNA methylated target genes, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Results Thirty-six dose-dependent methylated genes and anti-correlated target genes of DNA methylation and mRNA in lung tissue of hexanal exposed F-344 rats were identified. These genes were involved in diverse biological processes such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, protein kinase cascade, and intracellular signaling cascade associated with pulmonary toxicity. These results suggest that novel DNA methylation-based epigenetic biomarkers of exposure to hexanal and elucidate the potential pulmonary toxicological mechanisms of action of hexanal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Song
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chun Ryu
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Alves N, Neuparth T, Barros S, Santos MM. The anti-lipidemic drug simvastatin modifies epigenetic biomarkers in the amphipod Gammarus locusta. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111849. [PMID: 33387775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of certain environmental chemicals have been recently associated with the modulation of the epigenome. Although changes in the epigenetic signature have yet to be integrated into hazard and risk assessment, they are interesting candidates to link environmental exposures and altered phenotypes, since these changes may be passed across multiple non-exposed generations. Here, we addressed the effects of simvastatin (SIM), one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in the world, on epigenetic regulation using the amphipod Gammarus locusta as a proxy, to support its integration into hazard and environmental risk assessment. SIM is a known modulator of the epigenome in mammalian cell lines and has been reported to impact G. locusta ecological endpoints at environmentally relevant levels. G. locusta juveniles were exposed to three SIM environmentally relevant concentrations (0.32, 1.6 and 8 µg L-1) for 15 days. Gene transcription levels of selected epigenetic regulators, i.e., dnmt1, dmap1, usp7, kat5 and uhrf1 were assessed, along with the quantification of DNA methylation levels and evaluation of key ecological endpoints: survival and growth. Exposure to 0.32 and 8 µg L-1 SIM induced significant downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (dnmt1), concomitant with global DNA hypomethylation and growth impacts. Overall, this work is the first to validate the basal expression of key epigenetic regulators in a keystone marine crustacean, supporting the integration of epigenetic biomarkers into hazard assessment frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélson Alves
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre nº 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Susana Barros
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre nº 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Jabeen M, Fayyaz M, Irudayaraj J. Epigenetic Modifications, and Alterations in Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Pathway in A549 Lung Carcinoma Cell Line upon Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040112. [PMID: 33238432 PMCID: PMC7711517 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of human-made compounds with strong C-F bonds, and have been used in various manufacturing industries for decades. PFAS have been reported to deleterious effect on human health, which has led to studies identifying the possible toxicity and toxicity routes of these compounds. We report that these compounds have the potential to cause epigenetic modifications, and to induce dysregulation in the cell proliferation cycle as well as apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells when exposed to 10-, 200- and 400 μM concentrations of each compound. Our studies show that exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) may cause hypomethylation in the epigenome, but changes in the epigenetic makeup are not evident upon exposure to GenX. We establish that exposure to lower doses of these compounds causes the cells' balance to shift to cell proliferation, whereas exposure to higher concentrations shifts the balance more towards apoptosis. Furthermore, the apoptosis pathway upon exposure to GenX, PFOA, and PFOS has also been identified. Our findings suggest that exposure to any of these compounds may have profound effects in patients with pre-existing lung conditions or could trigger lung cancinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarrat Jabeen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.J.); (M.F.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Centre at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Muhammad Fayyaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.J.); (M.F.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Centre at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.J.); (M.F.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Centre at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +217-300-0525
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16
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Robinson JF, Kapidzic M, Hamilton EG, Chen H, Puckett KW, Zhou Y, Ona K, Parry E, Wang Y, Park JS, Costello JF, Fisher SJ. Genomic Profiling of BDE-47 Effects on Human Placental Cytotrophoblasts. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:211-226. [PMID: 30202865 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite gradual legislative efforts to phase out flame retardants (FRs) from the marketplace, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are still widely detected in human maternal and fetal tissues, eg, placenta, due to their continued global application in consumer goods and inherent biological persistence. Recent studies in rodents and human placental cell lines suggest that PBDEs directly cause placental toxicity. During pregnancy, trophoblasts play key roles in uterine invasion, vascular remodeling, and anchoring of the placenta-fetal unit to the mother. Thus, to study the potential consequences of PBDE exposures on human placental development, we used an in vitro model: primary villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs). Following exposures, the endpoints that were evaluated included cytotoxicity, function (migration, invasion), the transcriptome, and the methylome. In a concentration-dependent manner, common PBDE congeners, BDE-47 and -99, significantly reduced cell viability and increased death. Upon exposures to sub-cytotoxic concentrations (≤ 5 µM), we observed BDE-47 accumulation in CTBs with limited evidence of metabolism. At a functional level, BDE-47 hindered the ability of CTBs to migrate and invade. Transcriptomic analyses of BDE-47 effects suggested concentration-dependent changes in gene expression, involving stress pathways, eg, inflammation and lipid/cholesterol metabolism as well as processes underlying trophoblast fate, eg, differentiation, migration, and vascular morphogenesis. In parallel assessments, BDE-47 induced low-level global increases in methylation of CpG islands, including a subset that were proximal to genes with roles in cell adhesion/migration. Thus, using a primary human CTB model, we showed that PBDEs induced alterations at cellular and molecular levels, which could adversely impact placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Emily G Hamilton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kenisha W Puckett
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Katherine Ona
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Emily Parry
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
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17
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Perrier F, Viallon V, Ambatipudi S, Ghantous A, Cuenin C, Hernandez-Vargas H, Chajès V, Baglietto L, Matejcic M, Moreno-Macias H, Kühn T, Boeing H, Karakatsani A, Kotanidou A, Trichopoulou A, Sieri S, Panico S, Fasanelli F, Dolle M, Onland-Moret C, Sluijs I, Weiderpass E, Quirós JR, Agudo A, Huerta JM, Ardanaz E, Dorronsoro M, Tong TYN, Tsilidis K, Riboli E, Gunter MJ, Herceg Z, Ferrari P, Romieu I. Association of leukocyte DNA methylation changes with dietary folate and alcohol intake in the EPIC study. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:57. [PMID: 30940212 PMCID: PMC6444439 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that folate, an important component of one-carbon metabolism, modulates the epigenome. Alcohol, which can disrupt folate absorption, is also known to affect the epigenome. We investigated the association of dietary folate and alcohol intake on leukocyte DNA methylation levels in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Leukocyte genome-wide DNA methylation profiles on approximately 450,000 CpG sites were acquired with Illumina HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip measured among 450 women control participants of a case-control study on breast cancer nested within the EPIC cohort. After data preprocessing using surrogate variable analysis to reduce systematic variation, associations of DNA methylation with dietary folate and alcohol intake, assessed with dietary questionnaires, were investigated using CpG site-specific linear models. Specific regions of the methylome were explored using differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis and fused lasso (FL) regressions. The DMR analysis combined results from the feature-specific analysis for a specific chromosome and using distances between features as weights whereas FL regression combined two penalties to encourage sparsity of single features and the difference between two consecutive features. Results After correction for multiple testing, intake of dietary folate was not associated with methylation level at any DNA methylation site, while weak associations were observed between alcohol intake and methylation level at CpG sites cg03199996 and cg07382687, with qval = 0.029 and qval = 0.048, respectively. Interestingly, the DMR analysis revealed a total of 24 and 90 regions associated with dietary folate and alcohol, respectively. For alcohol intake, 6 of the 15 most significant DMRs were identified through FL. Conclusions Alcohol intake was associated with methylation levels at two CpG sites. Evidence from DMR and FL analyses indicated that dietary folate and alcohol intake may be associated with genomic regions with tumor suppressor activity such as the GSDMD and HOXA5 genes. These results were in line with the hypothesis that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the association between folate and alcohol, although further studies are warranted to clarify the importance of these mechanisms in cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0637-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perrier
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150, cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - V Viallon
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150, cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - S Ambatipudi
- Epigenetics Group, IARC, Lyon, France.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - C Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | | | - V Chajès
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - L Baglietto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Matejcic
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IARC, Lyon, France.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - T Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - A Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.,2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - A Kotanidou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - S Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - S Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - F Fasanelli
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, Turin, Italy
| | - M Dolle
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection (pb12), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Onland-Moret
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center Research Program Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I Sluijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center Research Program Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Weiderpass
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J R Quirós
- Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain
| | - A Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Ardanaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and CIBERESP, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - T Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M J Gunter
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Z Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - P Ferrari
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150, cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - I Romieu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IARC, Lyon, France
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18
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Tellurium epigenetic transgenerational effects on behavioral expression of coping behavior in rats. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:247-261. [PMID: 30961869 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An increasing interest has been developed in the past 15 years in the relationship between trace elements and cell functioning. In the present work the possibility of transgenerational effects of Te was investigated in rats. F1 generation exposed to K2TeO3 (1.55nM) from day 1 of pregnancy until litters were 30 day old, these animals with no other treatment than tap water and food were let to reach 60-70 day old. At this age, female rats were mated with normal untreated male rats. The F2 generation also without any Te treatment was allowed to grow until 30 days of age. At this age, behavioral tests measuring exploration induced by novelty, lateralized exploration, social interaction and survival behavior were applied. Results showed that head-dipping, rearing, lateralized exploration, social interaction, and survival behaviors, affected by Te treatment in F1 generation, also were modified in the same manner in F2 generation. These data show that Te effects on coping behavior in rats are preserved epigenetically in the next generation.
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19
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Ratti SG, Alvarez EO. Differential effects of zinc and tellurium on epigenetic changes of coping behaviour in maturing rats. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2019.9040001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace element and its probable role in biological systems have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Previous work has shown that ZnTe administered in drinking water to pregnant rats during pregnancy, delivery, lactation and offspring maturation up to prepuberal stage is able to modify several parameters of spontaneous behaviours related to cognition in offspring rats. Since Zn and Te have many biological properties, it’s not possible to conclude if behavioural changes are due to Zn, Te or both trace elements activity. In the present work, K2TeO3 and ZnCl2 were used alone in order to evaluate single actions of trace elements. Four experimental groups were formed: Control (water), Zn-treated group, Te-treated groups, and Zn+Te group. At the end of the experiments at 30 days of age offspring of each group were tested individually in a Double-Hole Board Labyrinth to evaluate lateralized exploration. Open field enriched with a rack and hole-board to evaluate motivated exploration; single cage in an intruder-host test to evaluate social interaction, and forced swimming cylinder to evaluate the survival responses. Results showed selective changes in rearing for Te (first Test); blocking of the natural left-biased exploration (second Test) increased time to confront the intruder with decreased time to interact with the intruder (third Test), and decreased time to active swimming (fourth Test). With the exception of duration of the social interaction, Zn has no effect. Results suggest that most of the behavioural changes found with ZnTe in previous studies are due to Te.
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20
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Bronner SM, Murray J, Romero FA, Lai KW, Tsui V, Cyr P, Beresini MH, de Leon Boenig G, Chen Z, Choo EF, Clark KR, Crawford TD, Jayaram H, Kaufman S, Li R, Li Y, Liao J, Liang X, Liu W, Ly J, Maher J, Wai J, Wang F, Zheng A, Zhu X, Magnuson S. A Unique Approach to Design Potent and Selective Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Binding Protein, Binding Protein (CBP) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10151-10171. [PMID: 29155580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulator CBP/P300 presents a novel therapeutic target for oncology. Previously, we disclosed the development of potent and selective CBP bromodomain inhibitors by first identifying pharmacophores that bind the KAc region and then building into the LPF shelf. Herein, we report the "hybridization" of a variety of KAc-binding fragments with a tetrahydroquinoline scaffold that makes optimal interactions with the LPF shelf, imparting enhanced potency and selectivity to the hybridized ligand. To demonstrate the utility of our hybridization approach, two analogues containing unique Asn binders and the optimized tetrahydroquinoline moiety were rapidly optimized to yield single-digit nanomolar inhibitors of CBP with exquisite selectivity over BRD4(1) and the broader bromodomain family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bronner
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F Anthony Romero
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick Cyr
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Zhongguo Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin R Clark
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Terry D Crawford
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hariharan Jayaram
- Editas Medicine, Inc. , 11 Hurley Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ruina Li
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingjie Li
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Zheng
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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21
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Non-genetic transgenerational transmission of bipolar disorder: targeting DNA methyltransferases. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1653-1654. [PMID: 27698432 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Amenya HZ, Tohyama C, Ohsako S. Dioxin induces Ahr-dependent robust DNA demethylation of the Cyp1a1 promoter via Tdg in the mouse liver. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34989. [PMID: 27713569 PMCID: PMC5054525 DOI: 10.1038/srep34989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) is a highly conserved nuclear receptor that plays an important role in the manifestation of toxicity induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As a xenobiotic sensor, Ahr is involved in chemical biotransformation through activation of drug metabolizing enzymes. The activated Ahr cooperates with coactivator complexes to induce epigenetic modifications at target genes. Thus, it is conceivable that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent Ahr ligand, may elicit robust epigenetic changes in vivo at the Ahr target gene cytochrome P450 1a1 (Cyp1a1). A single dose of TCDD administered to adult mice induced Ahr-dependent CpG hypomethylation, changes in histone modifications, and thymine DNA glycosylase (Tdg) recruitment at the Cyp1a1 promoter in the liver within 24 hrs. These epigenetic changes persisted until 40 days post-TCDD treatment and there was Cyp1a1 mRNA hyperinduction upon repeat administration of TCDD at this time-point. Our demethylation assay using siRNA knockdown and an in vitro methylated plasmid showed that Ahr, Tdg, and the ten-eleven translocation methyldioxygenases Tet2 and Tet3 are required for the TCDD-induced DNA demethylation. These results provide novel evidence of Ahr-driven active DNA demethylation and epigenetic memory. The epigenetic alterations influence response to subsequent chemical exposure and imply an adaptive mechanism to xenobiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesbon Z Amenya
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tohyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Experimental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiichiroh Ohsako
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Fries GR, Li Q, McAlpin B, Rein T, Walss-Bass C, Soares JC, Quevedo J. The role of DNA methylation in the pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:474-488. [PMID: 27328785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a multifactorial illness thought to result from an interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental stimuli. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, can modulate gene expression in response to the environment, and therefore might account for part of the heritability reported for BD. This paper aims to review evidence of the potential role of DNA methylation in the pathophysiology and treatment of BD. In summary, several studies suggest that alterations in DNA methylation may play an important role in the dysregulation of gene expression in BD, and some actually suggest their potential use as biomarkers to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response to treatment. This is also supported by reports of alterations in the levels of DNA methyltransferases in patients and in the mechanism of action of classical mood stabilizers. In this sense, targeting specific alterations in DNA methylation represents exciting new treatment possibilities for BD, and the 'plastic' characteristic of DNA methylation accounts for a promising possibility of restoring environment-induced modifications in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Qiongzhen Li
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Blake McAlpin
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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24
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Chatterjee N, Yang J, Choi J. Differential genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects of graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) in human bronchial epithelial cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 798-799:1-10. [PMID: 26994488 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread applications of graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) raised the considerable concern over human health and environment. The cyto-genotoxic potentiality of GFNs has attracted much more attention, albeit the potential effects on the cellular epigenome remain largely unknown. The effects of GFNs on cellular genome were evaluated with single and double stranded DNA damage and DNA repair gene expressions while the effects on epigenome was accomplished by addressing the global DNA methylation and expression of DNA methylation machineries at non-cytotoxic to moderately cytotoxic doses in in vitro system. We used five different representatives of GFNs-pristine (GNP-Prist), carboxylated (GNP-COOH) and aminated (GNP-NH2) graphene nanoplatelets as well as single layer (SLGO) and few layer (FLGO) graphene oxide. The order of single stranded DNA damage was observed as GNP-Prist ≥ GNP-COOH>GNP-NH2≥FLGO>SLGO at 10mg/L and marked dose dependency was found in SLGO. The GFNs possibly caused genotoxicity by affecting nucleotide excision repair and non-homologus end joining repair systems. Besides, dose dependent increase in global DNA methylation (hypermethylation) were observed in SLGO/FLGO exposure and conversely, GNPs treatment caused hypomethylation following the order as GNP-COOH>GNP-NH2 ≥ GNP-Prist. The decrements of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3B gene) and methyl-CpG binding domain protein (MBD1) genes were probably the cause of global hypomethylation induced by GNPs. Conversely, the de novo methylation through the up-regulation of DNMT3B and MBD1 genes gave rise to the global DNA hypermethylation in SLGO/FLGO treated cells. In general, the GFNs induced genotoxicity and alterations of global DNA methylation exhibited compounds type specificity with differential physico-chemical properties. Taken together, our study suggests that the GFNs could cause more subtle changes in gene expression programming by modulating DNA methylation status and this information would be helpful for their prospective use in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chatterjee
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - JiSu Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Assessment of global and gene-specific DNA methylation in rat liver and kidney in response to non-genotoxic carcinogen exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Qian Y, Wang X, Lv Z, Guo C, Han M, Wu J, Yang Y, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Wei Y, Nie J, Liang B, Zhang J, Wang X. A novel quantification method for the total demethylation potential of aquatic sample extracts from Bohai Bay using the EGFP reporter gene. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:107. [PMID: 26610601 PMCID: PMC4660669 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The demethylation potential of environmental pollutants is possibly an innate part of their comprehensive health risk. This paper develops a novel method called TDQ to quantify the demethylation epigenetic toxicity, termed the 5-AZA-CdR demethylation toxic equivalency, of aquatic samples from the heavily polluted Bohai Bay using Hep G2 cell lines transiently transfected with the pEGFP-C3 plasmid containing a methylated promoter of the EGFP reporter gene inserted artificially in vitro. Results If the aquatic sample extract has strong total demethylation potential to the promoter, its methylation level will decrease, and increased green fluorescence will be observed under microscopy after TDQ co-incubation. The 5-AZA-CdR was selected as a representative demethylation agent to validate the principle of the TDQ method on three levels: significant dose–response relationships between the concentration of 5-AZA-CdR and the methylation level of promoters, mRNA expression level of the EGFP gene, and the fluorescence intensity of EGFP proteins. Twenty extracts from aquatic samples are successfully quantified with the TDQ test. Eight of them return meaningful results ranging from 0.00004 to 0.20053 μM 5-AZA-CdR toxicity equivalents. Conclusions The TDQ method is a reliable and rapid assay for the quantification of the DNA demethylation potential of aquatic sample extracts, which may shed light on the safety evaluation of food material. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0224-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Zhanlu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Mei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jiabing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. .,School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Yongjian Yang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Yishu Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Bao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. .,School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Xianliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. .,Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
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27
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Kanaly RA, Micheletto R, Matsuda T, Utsuno Y, Ozeki Y, Hamamura N. Application of DNA adductomics to soil bacterium Sphingobium sp. strain KK22. Microbiologyopen 2015; 4:841-56. [PMID: 26305056 PMCID: PMC4618615 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toward the development of ecotoxicology methods to investigate microbial markers of impacts of hydrocarbon processing activities, DNA adductomic analyses were conducted on a sphingomonad soil bacterium. From growing cells that were exposed or unexposed to acrolein, a commonly used biocide in hydraulic fracturing processes, DNA was extracted, digested to 2'-deoxynucleosides and analyzed by liquid chromatography-positive ionization electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode transmitting the [M + H](+) > [M + H - 116](+) transition over 100 transitions. Overall data shown as DNA adductome maps revealed numerous putative DNA adducts under both conditions with some occurring specifically for each condition. Adductomic analyses of triplicate samples indicated that elevated levels of some targeted putative adducts occurred in exposed cells. Two exposure-specific adducts were identified in exposed cells as 3-(2'-deoxyribosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-(and 8-hydroxy-)pyrimido[1,2-a]- purine-(3H)-one (6- and 8-hydroxy-PdG) following synthesis of authentic standards of these compounds and subsequent analyses. A time course experiment showed that 6- and 8-hydroxy-PdG were detected in bacterial DNA within 30 min of acrolein exposure but were not detected in unexposed cells. This work demonstrated the first application of DNA adductomics to examine DNA damage in a bacterium and sets a foundation for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kanaly
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Ruggero Micheletto
- Department of Nanosystem Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Tomonari Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan
| | - Youko Utsuno
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Natsuko Hamamura
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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Environmental Impact on DNA Methylation in the Germline: State of the Art and Gaps of Knowledge. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:123484. [PMID: 26339587 PMCID: PMC4538313 DOI: 10.1155/2015/123484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome consists of chemical changes in DNA and chromatin that without modifying the DNA sequence modulate gene expression and cellular phenotype. The epigenome is highly plastic and reacts to changing external conditions with modifications that can be inherited to daughter cells and across generations. Whereas this innate plasticity allows for adaptation to a changing environment, it also implies the potential of epigenetic derailment leading to so-called epimutations. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic mark. DNA methylation changes have been associated with cancer, infertility, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, immunologic, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Experiments in rodents demonstrate that exposure to a variety of chemical stressors, occurring during the prenatal or the adult life, may induce DNA methylation changes in germ cells, which may be transmitted across generations with phenotypic consequences. An increasing number of human biomonitoring studies show environmentally related DNA methylation changes mainly in blood leukocytes, whereas very few data have been so far collected on possible epigenetic changes induced in the germline, even by the analysis of easily accessible sperm. In this paper, we review the state of the art on factors impinging on DNA methylation in the germline, highlight gaps of knowledge, and propose priorities for future studies.
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CYP2E1 epigenetic regulation in chronic, low-level toluene exposure: Relationship with oxidative stress and smoking habit. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:207-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Nishimura Y, Murakami S, Ashikawa Y, Sasagawa S, Umemoto N, Shimada Y, Tanaka T. Zebrafish as a systems toxicology model for developmental neurotoxicity testing. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2015; 55:1-16. [PMID: 25109898 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is extremely sensitive to many chemicals. Exposure to neurotoxicants during development has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Although rodents have been widely used for developmental neurotoxicity testing, experiments using large numbers of rodents are time-consuming, expensive, and raise ethical concerns. Using alternative non-mammalian animal models may relieve some of these pressures by allowing testing of large numbers of subjects while reducing expenses and minimizing the use of mammalian subjects. In this review, we discuss some of the advantages of using zebrafish in developmental neurotoxicity testing, focusing on central nervous system development, neurobehavior, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics in this species. We also describe some important examples of developmental neurotoxicity testing using zebrafish combined with gene expression profiling, neuroimaging, or neurobehavioral assessment. Zebrafish may be a systems toxicology model that has the potential to reveal the pathways of developmental neurotoxicity and to provide a sound basis for human risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu, Japan; Depertment of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Tsu, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
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31
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Allan AM, Hafez AK, Labrecque MT, Solomon ER, Shaikh MN, Zheng X, Ali A. Sex-Dependent effects of developmental arsenic exposure on methylation capacity and methylation regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor system in the embryonic mouse brain. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1376-1390. [PMID: 26855884 PMCID: PMC4741109 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we have shown that prenatal moderate arsenic exposure (50 ppb) disrupts glucocorticoid receptor (GR) programming and that these changes continue into adolescence in males. However, it was not clear what the molecular mechanisms were promoting these GR programming changes or if these changes occurred in arsenic-exposed females. In the present studies, we assessed the effects of arsenic on protein and mRNA of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Hsd) isozymes and compared the levels of methylation within the promoters of the Nr3c1 and Hsd11b1 genes in female fetal brain at embryonic days (E) 14 and 18. Prenatal arsenate exposure produced sex specific effects on the glucocorticoid system. Compared to males, females were resistant to arsenic induced changes in GR, 11β-Hsd-1 and 11β-Hsd-2 protein levels despite observed elevations in Nr3c1 and Hsd11b2 mRNA. This sex-specific effect was not due to differences in the methylation of the GR promoter as methylation of the Nr3c1 gene was either unchanged (region containing the egr-1 binding site) or similarly reduced (region containing the SP-1 transcription factor binding site) in both males and females exposed to arsenic. Arsenic did produce sex and age-specific changes in the methylation of Hsd11b1 gene, producing increased methylation in females at E14 and decreased methylation at E18.These changes were not attributed to changes in DNMT levels. Since arsenate metabolism could interfere with the generation of methyl donor groups, we assessed glutathione (GSH), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and As 3 methyltransferase (As3MT). Exposed males and females had similar levels of As3MT and SAM; however, females had higher levels of GSH/GSSH. It is possible that this greater anti-oxidative capacity within the females provides protection against low to moderate arsenate. Our data suggest that the GR signaling system in female offspring was not as affected by prenatal arsenic and predicts that female arsenic-exposed mice should have normal GR feedback regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alexander K Hafez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Matthew T Labrecque
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Solomon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - M Nabil Shaikh
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xianyun Zheng
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Abdulmehdi Ali
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Abstract
Scientists have long considered genetics to be the key mechanism that alters gene expression because of exposure to the environment and toxic substances (toxicants). Recently, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as an alternative explanation for alterations in gene expression resulting from such exposure. The fact that certain toxic substances that contribute to tumor development do not induce mutations probably results from underlying epigenetic mechanisms. The field of toxicoepigenomics emerged from the combination of epigenetics and classical toxicology. High-throughput technologies now enable evaluation of altered epigenomic profiling in response to toxins and environmental pollutants. Furthermore, differences in the epigenomic backgrounds of individuals may explain why, although whole populations are exposed to toxicants, only a few people in a population develop cancer. Metals in the environment and toxic substances not only alter DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications but also affect enzymes involved in posttranslational modifications of proteins and epigenetic regulation, and thereby contribute to carcinogenesis. This article describes different toxic substances and environmental pollutants that alter epigenetic profiling and discusses how this information can be used in screening populations at high risk of developing cancer. Research opportunities and challengers in the field also are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Methods and Technologies Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 4E102, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA,
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Leter G, Consales C, Eleuteri P, Uccelli R, Specht IO, Toft G, Moccia T, Budillon A, Jönsson BAG, Lindh CH, Giwercman A, Pedersen HS, Ludwicki JK, Zviezdai V, Heederik D, Bonde JPE, Spanò M. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and sperm DNA global methylation in Arctic and European populations. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:591-600. [PMID: 24889506 DOI: 10.1002/em.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used in a variety of industrial processes and products, and have been detected globally in humans and wildlife. PFASs are suspected to interfere with endocrine signaling and to adversely affect human reproductive health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between exposure to PFASs and sperm global methylation levels in a population of non-occupationally exposed fertile men. Measurements of PFASs in serum from 262 partners of pregnant women from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine, were also carried out by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected in 97% of the blood samples. Two surrogate markers were used to assess DNA global methylation levels in semen samples from the same men: (a) average DNA methylation level in repetitive DNA sequences (Alu, LINE-1, Satα) quantified by PCR-pyrosequencing after bisulfite conversion; (b) flow cytometric immunodetection of 5-methyl-cytosines. After multivariate linear regression analysis, no major consistent associations between PFASs exposure and sperm DNA global methylation endpoints could be detected. However, since weak but statistically significant associations of different PFASs with DNA hypo- and hyper-methylation were found in some of the studied populations, effects of PFASs on sperm epigenetic processes cannot be completely excluded, and this issue warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Leter
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Radiation Biology and Human Health, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
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Global DNA hypomethylation: A potential mechanism in King pigeon nerve tissue damage induced by avermectin. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Basu N, Goodrich JM, Head J. Ecogenetics of mercury: from genetic polymorphisms and epigenetics to risk assessment and decision-making. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1248-58. [PMID: 24038486 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of mercury (Hg), in both humans and wildlife, is made challenging by great variability in exposure and health effects. Although disease risk arises following complex interactions between genetic ("nature") and environmental ("nurture") factors, most Hg studies thus far have focused solely on environmental factors. In recent years, ecogenetic-based studies have emerged and have started to document genetic and epigenetic factors that may indeed influence the toxicokinetics or toxicodynamics of Hg. The present study reviews these studies and discusses their utility in terms of Hg risk assessment, management, and policy and offers perspectives on fruitful areas for future research. In brief, epidemiological studies on populations exposed to inorganic Hg (e.g., dentists and miners) or methylmercury (e.g., fish consumers) are showing that polymorphisms in a number of environmentally responsive genes can explain variations in Hg biomarker values and health outcomes. Studies on mammals (wildlife, humans, rodents) are showing Hg exposures to be related to epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation. Such findings are beginning to increase understanding of the mechanisms of action of Hg, and in doing so they may help identify candidate biomarkers and pinpoint susceptible groups or life stages. Furthermore, they may help refine uncertainty factors and thus lead to more accurate risk assessments and improved decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Basu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Oomen AG, Bos PMJ, Fernandes TF, Hund-Rinke K, Boraschi D, Byrne HJ, Aschberger K, Gottardo S, von der Kammer F, Kühnel D, Hristozov D, Marcomini A, Migliore L, Scott-Fordsmand J, Wick P, Landsiedel R. Concern-driven integrated approaches to nanomaterial testing and assessment--report of the NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8:334-48. [PMID: 23641967 PMCID: PMC4002633 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.802387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bringing together topic-related European Union (EU)-funded projects, the so-called "NanoSafety Cluster" aims at identifying key areas for further research on risk assessment procedures for nanomaterials (NM). The outcome of NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10, this commentary presents a vision for concern-driven integrated approaches for the (eco-)toxicological testing and assessment (IATA) of NM. Such approaches should start out by determining concerns, i.e., specific information needs for a given NM based on realistic exposure scenarios. Recognised concerns can be addressed in a set of tiers using standardised protocols for NM preparation and testing. Tier 1 includes determining physico-chemical properties, non-testing (e.g., structure-activity relationships) and evaluating existing data. In tier 2, a limited set of in vitro and in vivo tests are performed that can either indicate that the risk of the specific concern is sufficiently known or indicate the need for further testing, including details for such testing. Ecotoxicological testing begins with representative test organisms followed by complex test systems. After each tier, it is evaluated whether the information gained permits assessing the safety of the NM so that further testing can be waived. By effectively exploiting all available information, IATA allow accelerating the risk assessment process and reducing testing costs and animal use (in line with the 3Rs principle implemented in EU Directive 2010/63/EU). Combining material properties, exposure, biokinetics and hazard data, information gained with IATA can be used to recognise groups of NM based upon similar modes of action. Grouping of substances in return should form integral part of the IATA themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes G. Oomen
- IVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. Bos
- IVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Hugh J. Byrne
- Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karin Aschberger
- Joint Research Centre – Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Stefania Gottardo
- Joint Research Centre – Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Dana Kühnel
- Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Kruman II, Fowler AK. Impaired one carbon metabolism and DNA methylation in alcohol toxicity. J Neurochem 2014; 129:770-80. [PMID: 24521073 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a prominent problem and one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity around the world. Long-term, heavy alcohol consumption is associated with a number of deleterious health consequences, such as cancer, heart and liver disease, a variety of neurological, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. Alcohol consumption is also associated with developmental defects. The causes of alcohol-induced toxicity are presently unclear. One of the mechanisms underlying alcohol toxicity has to do with its interaction with folic acid/homocysteine or one-carbon metabolism (OCM). OCM is a major donor of methyl groups for methylation, particularly DNA methylation critical for epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and its disturbance may compromise DNA methylation, thereby affecting gene expression. OCM disturbance mediated by nutrient deficits is a well-known risk factor for various disorders and developmental defects (e.g., neural tube defects). In this review, we summarize the role of OCM disturbance and associated epigenetic aberrations in chronic alcohol-induced toxicity. In this review, we summarize the role of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) aberrations in chronic alcohol-induced toxicity. OCM is a major donor of methyl groups for methylation reactions, particularly DNA methylation critical for epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Alcohol interference with OCM and consequent reduced availability of methyl groups, improper DNA methylation, and aberrant gene expression can play a causative role in alcohol toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna I Kruman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Stoccoro A, Karlsson HL, Coppedè F, Migliore L. Epigenetic effects of nano-sized materials. Toxicology 2013; 313:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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DNA methylation pyrosequencing assay is applicable for the assessment of epigenetic active environmental or clinical relevant chemicals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:486072. [PMID: 24093099 PMCID: PMC3777179 DOI: 10.1155/2013/486072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of cells and organisms to stressors might result in epigenetic changes. Here it is shown that investigation of DNA methylation using pyrosequencing is an alternative for in vitro and in vivo toxicological testing of epigenetic effects induced by chemicals and drugs. An in vitro evaluation of global and CpG site specific DNA methylation upon treatment of cells with chemicals/drugs is shown. Bisulfite genomic sequencing of methylation controls showed high methylation of LINE1 in methylation positive control and low methylation in the negative controls. The CpG sites within the LINE1 element are methylated at different levels. In vitro cell cultures show a methylation level ranging from 56% to 49%. Cultures of drug resistant tumor cells show significant hypomethylation as compared with the originating nonresistant tumor cells. The in vitro testing of epigenetically active chemicals (5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A) revealed a significant change of LINE1 methylation status upon treatment, while specific CpG sites were more prone to demethylation than others (focal methylation). In conclusion, DNA methylation using pyrosequencing might be used not only for testing epigenetic toxins/drugs but also in risk assessment of drugs, food, and environmental relevant pollutants.
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Fang X, Thornton C, Scheffler BE, Willett KL. Benzo[a]pyrene decreases global and gene specific DNA methylation during zebrafish development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:40-50. [PMID: 23542452 PMCID: PMC3654064 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is important for gene regulation and is vulnerable to early-life exposure to environmental contaminants. We found that direct waterborne benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure at 24μg/L from 2.5 to 96hpf to zebrafish embryos significantly decreased global cytosine methylation by 44.8% and promoter methylation in vasa by 17%. Consequently, vasa expression was significantly increased by 33%. In contrast, BaP exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations did not change CpG island methylation or gene expression in cancer genes such as ras-association domain family member 1 (rassf1), telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert), c-jun, and c-myca. Similarly, BaP did not change gene expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (dnmt1) and glycine N-methyltransferase (gnmt). While total DNMT activity was not affected, GNMT enzyme activity was moderately increased. In summary, BaP is an epigenetic modifier for global and gene specific DNA methylation status in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Cammi Thornton
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Brian E. Scheffler
- USDA-ARS Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
| | - Kristine L. Willett
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Corresponding author Box 1848, 303 Faser Hall Department of Pharmacology University of Mississippi University, MS, 38677 Tel: (662) 915-6691 Fax: (662) 915-5148
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Basu N, Head J, Nam DH, Pilsner JR, Carvan MJ, Chan HM, Goetz FW, Murphy CA, Rouvinen-Watt K, Scheuhammer AM. Effects of methylmercury on epigenetic markers in three model species: mink, chicken and yellow perch. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:322-7. [PMID: 23481557 PMCID: PMC4346372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is associated with DNA hypomethylation in the brain stem of male polar bears. Here, we conveniently use archived tissues obtained from controlled laboratory exposure studies to look for evidence that MeHg can disrupt DNA methylation across taxa. Brain (cerebrum) tissues from MeHg-exposed mink (Neovison vison), chicken (Gallus gallus) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were analyzed for total Hg levels and global DNA methylation. Tissues from chicken and mink, but not perch, were also analyzed for DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity. In mink we observed significant reductions in global DNA methylation in an environmentally-relevant dietary exposure group (1 ppm MeHg), but not in a higher group (2 ppm MeHg). DNMT activity was significantly reduced in all treatment groups. In chicken or yellow perch, no statistically significant effects of MeHg were observed. Dose-dependent trends were observed in the chicken data but the direction of the change was not consistent between the two endpoints. Our results suggest that MeHg can be epigenetically active in that it has the capacity to affect DNA methylation in mammals. The variability in results across species may suggest inter-taxa differences in epigenetic responses to MeHg, or may be related to differences among the exposure scenarios used as animals were exposed to MeHg through different routes (dietary, egg injection), for different periods of time (19-89 days) and at different life stages (embryonic, juvenile, adult).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Basu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Epigenotoxicity of environmental pollutants evaluated by a combination of DNA methylation inhibition and capillary electrophoresis–laser-induced fluorescence immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:2435-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hypomethylation of dual specificity phosphatase 22 promoter correlates with duration of service in firefighters and is inducible by low-dose benzo[a]pyrene. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 54:774-80. [PMID: 22796920 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31825296bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Firefighters (FFs) are chronically exposed to smoke and products of incomplete combustion, which frequently contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study examined the possibility of an association between PAH-induced epigenetic alterations and occupational firefighting exposure. METHODS Promoter methylation was analyzed in four genes in blood DNA from 18 FFs and 20 non-FFs (controls). Jurkat and human normal prostate epithelial cells were treated with benzo[a]pyrene to ascertain the epigenetic effects of this type of agent. RESULTS Firefighters had a higher prevalence of dual specificity phosphatase 22-promoter hypomethylation in blood DNA (P = 0.03) and the extent of hypomethylation correlated with duration of firefighting service (P = 0.04) but not with age. Benzo[a]pyrene reduced promoter methylation and increased gene expression of the same gene in Jurkat and normal prostate epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative occupational exposure to combustion-derived PAHs during firefighting can cause epigenetic changes in promoters of specific genes.
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Biomarkers of teratogenesis: Suggestions from animal studies. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:180-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Maekawa F, Shimba S, Takumi S, Sano T, Suzuki T, Bao J, Ohwada M, Ehara T, Ogawa Y, Nohara K. Diurnal expression of Dnmt3b mRNA in mouse liver is regulated by feeding and hepatic clockwork. Epigenetics 2012; 7:1046-56. [PMID: 22847467 PMCID: PMC3515014 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) is critically involved in de novo DNA methylation and genomic stability, while the regulatory mechanism in liver is largely unknown. We previously reported that diurnal variation occurs in the mRNA expression of Dnmt3b in adult mouse liver. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism underlying the diurnal expression pattern. The highest level and the lowest level of Dnmt3b mRNA expression were confirmed to occur at dawn and in the afternoon, respectively, and the expression pattern of Dnmt3b closely coincided with that of Bmal1. Since the diurnal pattern of Dnmt3b mRNA expression developed at weaning and scheduled feeding to separate the feeding cycle from the light/dark cycle led to a phase-shift in the expression, it could be assumed that feeding plays a critical role as an entrainment signal. In liver-specific Bmal1 knockout (L-Bmal1 KO) mice, L-Bmal1 deficiency resulted in significantly higher levels of Dnmt3b at all measured time points, and the time when the expression was the lowest in wild-type mice was shifted to earlier. Investigation of global DNA methylation revealed a temporal decrease of 5-methyl-cytosine percentage in the genome of wild-type mice in late afternoon. By contrast, no such decrease in 5-methyl-cytosine percentage was detected in L-Bmal1 KO mice, suggesting that altered Dnmt3b expression affects the DNA methylation state. Taken together, the results suggest that the feeding and hepatic clockwork generated by the clock genes, including Bmal1, regulate the diurnal variation in Dnmt3b mRNA expression and the consequent dynamic changes in global DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Maekawa
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science; School of Pharmacy; Nihon University; Funabashi, Japan
| | - Shota Takumi
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sano
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jinhua Bao
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mika Ohwada
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ehara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Nohara
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba, Japan
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Godderis L, De Raedt K, Tabish AM, Poels K, Maertens N, De Ruyck K, Bulterys S, Thierens H, Viaene MK. Epigenetic changes in lymphocytes of solvent-exposed individuals. Epigenomics 2012; 4:269-77. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated global DNA methylation alterations in lymphocytes of solvent workers and chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE) patients and explored potential gene–environment interactions for GST. Population & methods: A cross-sectional study was set up in 41 referents, 128 solvent workers and 23 CTE patients. Results: We found a global DNA hypermethylation in the solvent-exposed population compared with the referents (p = 0.001, r = -0.544). Global DNA methylation was negatively associated with exposure. Furthermore, GSTP1 genotypic polymorphism was found to be significantly associated (p = 0.033) with global DNA hypomethylation, which indicates a potential role for gene–environment interaction in the etiology of solvent-induced neurobehavioral disorders. Conclusion: This study indicates that solvent-induced DNA methylation alterations have an impact on neurotoxicity and development of CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lode Godderis
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Occupational, Environmental & Insurance Medicine, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel De Raedt
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Occupational, Environmental & Insurance Medicine, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali M Tabish
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Occupational, Environmental & Insurance Medicine, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Poels
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Occupational, Environmental & Insurance Medicine, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Maertens
- Idewe, External Service for Prevention & Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kim De Ruyck
- Ghent University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Simon Bulterys
- Idewe, External Service for Prevention & Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Hubert Thierens
- Ghent University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Maria K Viaene
- AZ St – Dimpna, Neurology, JB-Stessensstraat 2, 2440 Geel, Belgium
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Nicotinamide, NAD(P)(H), and Methyl-Group Homeostasis Evolved and Became a Determinant of Ageing Diseases: Hypotheses and Lessons from Pellagra. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2012; 2012:302875. [PMID: 22536229 PMCID: PMC3318212 DOI: 10.1155/2012/302875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalized redox faults are common to ageing diseases. Dietary constituents are catabolized to NAD(H) donating electrons producing proton-based bioenergy in coevolved, cross-species and cross-organ networks. Nicotinamide and NAD deficiency from poor diet or high expenditure causes pellagra, an ageing and dementing disorder with lost robustness to infection and stress. Nicotinamide and stress induce Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) improving choline retention but consume methyl groups. High NNMT activity is linked to Parkinson's, cancers, and diseases of affluence. Optimising nicotinamide and choline/methyl group availability is important for brain development and increased during our evolution raising metabolic and methylome ceilings through dietary/metabolic symbiotic means but strict energy constraints remain and life-history tradeoffs are the rule. An optimal energy, NAD and methyl group supply, avoiding hypo and hyper-vitaminoses nicotinamide and choline, is important to healthy ageing and avoids utilising double-edged symbionts or uncontrolled autophagy or reversions to fermentation reactions in inflammatory and cancerous tissue that all redistribute NAD(P)(H), but incur high allostatic costs.
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Pavanello S, Lotti M. Biological monitoring of carcinogens: current status and perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:535-41. [PMID: 22159923 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomonitoring exposures to carcinogens is common practice and a variety of biomarkers have been developed to assess both exposures and biochemical/biological effects. However, their clinical and preventive relevance is still uncertain. The understanding of cancer as a genetic disease has dramatically evolved during last decades, showing that cancer cell types acquire their characteristics with different strategies, time frames and microenvironments. Therefore, the place of current biomarkers within this complex scenario of gene-environment interactions leading to cancer cannot be defined. Reasons are manifold. Most studies assessed cancer risk on a group basis through snapshots taken at unknown time-points of the postulated chain of events. Little attention has been paid to the variety and variability of exposures, and no prospective study validated the indicators of biochemical/biological effects. New opportunities and suggestions for biomonitoring exposures to carcinogens could derive from exploring the exposome that combines exposures from all sources both external and internal. The discovery of new biomarkers and the identification of relevant gene-specific pathways could be achieved through metabolomic and genome-wide studies. In conclusion, it is possible to envisage personalized biomonitoring procedures, such as those already implemented in the context of nutrition and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pavanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Ambientale e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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Tajbakhsh J. DNA methylation topology: potential of a chromatin landmark for epigenetic drug toxicology. Epigenomics 2011; 3:761-70. [PMID: 22126294 PMCID: PMC3250213 DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting chromatin and its basic components through epigenetic drug therapy has become an increased focus in the treatment of complex diseases. This boost calls for the implementation of high-throughput cell-based assays that exploit the increasing knowledge about epigenetic mechanisms and their interventions for genotoxicity testing of epigenetic drugs. 3D quantitative DNA methylation imaging is a novel approach for detecting drug-induced DNA demethylation and concurrent heterochromatin decondensation/reorganization in cells through the analysis of differential nuclear distribution patterns of methylcytosine and gDNA visualized by fluorescence and processed by machine-learning algorithms. Utilizing 3D DNA methylation patterns is a powerful precursor to a series of fully automatable assays that employ chromatin structure and higher organization as novel pharmacodynamic biomarkers for various epigenetic drug actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tajbakhsh
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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