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Abstract
Neuroelectrophysiology is an old science, dating to the 18th century when electrical activity in nerves was discovered. Such discoveries have led to a variety of neurophysiological techniques, ranging from basic neuroscience to clinical applications. These clinical applications allow assessment of complex neurological functions such as (but not limited to) sensory perception (vision, hearing, somatosensory function), and muscle function. The ability to use similar techniques in both humans and animal models increases the ability to perform mechanistic research to investigate neurological problems. Good animal to human homology of many neurophysiological systems facilitates interpretation of data to provide cause-effect linkages to epidemiological findings. Mechanistic cellular research to screen for toxicity often includes gaps between cellular and whole animal/person neurophysiological changes, preventing understanding of the complete function of the nervous system. Building Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) will allow us to begin to identify brain regions, timelines, neurotransmitters, etc. that may be Key Events (KE) in the Adverse Outcomes (AO). This requires an integrated strategy, from in vitro to in vivo (and hypothesis generation, testing, revision). Scientists need to determine intermediate levels of nervous system organization that are related to an AO and work both upstream and downstream using mechanistic approaches. Possibly more than any other organ, the brain will require networks of pathways/AOPs to allow sufficient predictive accuracy. Advancements in neurobiological techniques should be incorporated into these AOP-base neurotoxicological assessments, including interactions between many regions of the brain simultaneously. Coupled with advancements in optogenetic manipulation, complex functions of the nervous system (such as acquisition, attention, sensory perception, etc.) can be examined in real time. The integration of neurophysiological changes with changes in gene/protein expression can begin to provide the mechanistic underpinnings for biological changes. Establishment of linkages between changes in cellular physiology and those at the level of the AO will allow construction of biological pathways (AOPs) and allow development of higher throughput assays to test for changes to critical physiological circuits. To allow mechanistic/predictive toxicology of the nervous system to be protective of human populations, neuroelectrophysiology has a critical role in our future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Herr
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, NC, United States
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2
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Brun NR, Panlilio JM, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Ivashkin E, Stegeman JJ, Goldstone JV. Developmental exposure to non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls promotes sensory deficits and disrupts dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling in zebrafish. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1129. [PMID: 34561524 PMCID: PMC8463681 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The most abundant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners found in the environment and in humans are neurotoxic. This is of particular concern for early life stages because the exposure of the more vulnerable developing nervous system to neurotoxic chemicals can result in neurobehavioral disorders. In this study, we uncover currently unknown links between PCB target mechanisms and neurobehavioral deficits using zebrafish as a vertebrate model. We investigated the effects of the abundant non-dioxin-like (NDL) congener PCB153 on neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission linked to the proper execution of a sensorimotor response. Zebrafish that were exposed during development to concentrations similar to those found in human cord blood and PCB contaminated sites showed a delay in startle response. Morphological and biochemical data demonstrate that even though PCB153-induced swelling of afferent sensory neurons, the disruption of dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling appears to contribute to PCB-induced motor deficits. A similar delay was observed for other NDL congeners but not for the potent dioxin-like congener PCB126. The effects on important and broadly conserved signaling mechanisms in vertebrates suggest that NDL PCBs may contribute to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in humans and increased selection pressures in vertebrate wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja R Brun
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Panlilio
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Evgeny Ivashkin
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - John J Stegeman
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Jared V Goldstone
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
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Alarcón S, Esteban J, Roos R, Heikkinen P, Sánchez-Pérez I, Adamsson A, Toppari J, Koskela A, Finnilä MAJ, Tuukkanen J, Herlin M, Hamscher G, Leslie HA, Korkalainen M, Halldin K, Schrenk D, Håkansson H, Viluksela M. Endocrine, metabolic and apical effects of in utero and lactational exposure to non-dioxin-like 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB 180): A postnatal follow-up study in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 102:109-127. [PMID: 33992733 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PCB 180 is a persistent and abundant non-dioxin-like PCB (NDL-PCB). We determined the developmental toxicity profile of ultrapure PCB 180 in developing offspring following in utero and lactational exposure with the focus on endocrine, metabolic and retinoid system alterations. Pregnant rats were given total doses of 0, 10, 30, 100, 300 or 1000 mg PCB 180/kg bw on gestational days 7-10 by oral gavage, and the offspring were sampled on postnatal days (PND) 7, 35 and 84. Decreased serum testosterone and triiodothyronine concentrations on PND 84, altered liver retinoid levels, increased liver weights and induced 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity were the sensitive effects used for margin of exposure (MoE) calculations. Liver weights were increased together with induction of the metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B1, CYP3A1, and CYP1A1. Less sensitive effects included decreased serum estradiol and increased luteinizing hormone levels in females, decreased prostate and seminal vesicle weight and increased pituitary weight in males, increased cortical bone area and thickness of tibial diaphysis in females and decreased cortical bone mineral density in males. Developmental toxicity profiles were partly different in male and female offspring, males being more sensitive to increased liver weight, PROD induction and decreased thyroxine concentrations. MoE assessment indicated that the 95th percentile of current maternal PCB 180 concentrations do not exceed the estimated tolerable human lipid-based PCB 180 concentration. Although PCB 180 is much less potent than dioxin-like compounds, it shares several toxicological targets suggesting a potential for interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alarcón
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
| | - Robert Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi Heikkinen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, FI-70701, Finland
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Annika Adamsson
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Antti Koskela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | - Heather A Leslie
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, NL-1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, FI-70701, Finland
| | - Krister Halldin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Schrenk
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Germany
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Viluksela
- School of Pharmacy (Toxicology), Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhao D, Wang Q, Zhou WT, Wang LB, Yu H, Zhang KK, Chen LJ, Xie XL. PCB52 exposure alters the neurotransmission ligand-receptors in male offspring and contributes to sex-specific neurodevelopmental toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114715. [PMID: 32402713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the air are predominantly the less chlorinated congeners. Non-dioxin-like (NDL) low-chlorinated PCBs are more neurotoxic, and cause neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral alterations in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms for this neurodevelopmental toxicity remain unknown. In the present study, Wistar rats were treated by gavage with PCB52 (1 mg/kg body weight) or corn oil from gestational day 7 to postnatal day 21. Both the body lengths and weights of the suckling rats at birth were significantly decreased by PCB52 treatment, suggesting developmental toxicity. Although no obvious histopathological changes were observed in the brain, using RNA-sequencing, 208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the striatum of PCB52-treated male offspring, while just 13 DEGs were identified in female offspring, suggesting sex-specific effects. Furthermore, using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, neurodevelopmental processes, neurobehavioral alterations, and neurotransmission changes were enriched from the 208 DEGs in male offspring. Similarly, using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, neuroactive ligand receptor interactions and multiple synapse pathways were enriched in male offspring, implying dysfunction of the neurotransmission system. Reductions in the protein expressions of these ligand receptors were also identified in the striatum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus using western blotting methods. Taken together, our findings indicate that PCB52 exposure during gestation and lactation results in the abnormal expression of neurotransmission ligand-receptors in male offspring with a sex bias, and that this may contribute to neurodevelopmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- The 2015 Class, 8-Year Program, The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
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Rude KM, Keogh CE, Gareau MG. The role of the gut microbiome in mediating neurotoxic outcomes to PCB exposure. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:30-40. [PMID: 31454514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of complex physiological processes underlie the development of the microbiota, gut, and brain in early life, which together communicate via the microbiota-gut-brain axis to maintain health and homeostasis. Disruption of these processes can lead to dysbiosis of the microbiota, pathophysiology of the gut and behavioral deficits including depression, anxiety and cognitive deficits. Environmental exposures, particularly in early life, can interfere with development and impact these pathways. This review will focus on the role of the microbiome and the gut in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration as well as the impacts of environmental exposures, particularly to the neurotoxicant polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), given that the gut serves as the primary exposure route. There exists extensive research on the importance of the microbiome in the developing brain and connections with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and increasing links being established between the microbiome and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the elderly. Finally, we will speculate on the mechanisms through which PCBs can induce dysbiosis and dysregulate physiology of the gut and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavi M Rude
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ciara E Keogh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mélanie G Gareau
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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Xie XL, Zhou WT, Zhang KK, Yuan Y, Qiu EM, Shen YW, Wang Q. PCB52 induces hepatotoxicity in male offspring through aggravating loss of clearance capacity and activating the apoptosis: Sex-biased effects on rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:389-400. [PMID: 31003123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a kind of persistent organic pollutant, can induce hepatotoxicity in mammals. However, PCB-induced hepatotoxicity in offspring and the underlying mechanisms have been rarely studied. In the present study, Wistar rats were administered with corn oil or PCB52 (1 mg/kg body weight/day, by gavage) from gestational day 7 to postnatal day 21. In the PCB52-treated group, birth body lengths and weights were significantly decreased compared with the control group, suggesting developmental toxicity. Cytoplasmic injury in hepatocytes was observed in PCB52-treated male offspring, while no pathologic change was observed in female offspring, suggesting sex-biased hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, using an RNA-Seq method, coincided with the sexual bias, 454 differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened out in liver tissues of PCB52-treated male offspring, while 10 DEGs were screened out in female offspring. By KEGG annotation analysis, 4 in 12 significant pathways in male offspring were metabolism-related. In the present study, together with cytoplasmic injury of hepatocytes, decreased metabolic enzymes both at RNA and protein levels might aggravate loss of clearance capacity of hepatocytes and induce hepatotoxicity. Moreover, over-expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta and mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 might activate apoptosis, which was verified by the augments of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 and caspase 3 in PCB52-treated male offspring. Taken together, PCB52 had developmental toxicity and induced sex-biased hepatotoxicity. The hepatotoxicity in male offspring might be attributed to the aggravated loss of clearance capacity and activation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Tao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- The 2014 Class, 8-Year Program, The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - En-Ming Qiu
- The 2014 Class, 8-Year Program, The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Wen Shen
- The 2015 Class, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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Fábelová L, Loffredo CA, Klánová J, Hilscherová K, Horvat M, Tihányi J, Richterová D, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Wimmerová S, Sisto R, Moleti A, Trnovec T. Environmental ototoxicants, a potential new class of chemical stressors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:378-394. [PMID: 30716515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is an injury that can develop over time, and people may not even be aware of it until it becomes a severe disability. Ototoxicants are substances that may damage the inner ear by either affecting the structures in the ear itself or by affecting the nervous system. We have examined the possibility that ototoxicants may present a health hazard in association with environmental exposures, adding to existing knowledge of their proven hazards under medical therapeutic conditions or occupational activities. In addition to the already described human environmental ototoxicants, mainly organochlorines such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), we have examined the ubiquitous chemical stressors phthalates, bisphenol A/S/F/, PFCs, flame retardants (FRs) and cadmium for potential ototoxic properties, both as single substances or as chemical mixtures. Our literature review confirmed that these chemicals may disturb thyroid hormones homeostasis, activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and induce oxidative stress, which in turn may initiate a chain of events resulting in impairment of cochlea and hearing loss. With regard to auditory plasticity, diagnostics of a mixture of effects of ototoxicants, potential interactions of chemical and physical agents with effects on hearing, parallel deterioration of hearing due to chemical exposures and ageing, metabolic diseases or obesity, even using specific methods as brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) or otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) registration, may be difficult, and establishment of concentration-response relationships problematic. This paper suggests the establishment of a class of environmental oxotoxicants next to the established classes of occupational and drug ototoxicants. This will help to properly manage risks associated with human exposure to chemical stressors with ototoxic properties and adequate regulatory measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fábelová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Juraj Tihányi
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Richterová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Palkovičová Murínová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Renata Sisto
- INAIL, Research Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Arturo Moleti
- University of Roma, Tor Vergata, Department of Physics, Roma, Italy
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Gender- and dose-related metabolome alterations in rat offspring after in utero and lactational exposure to PCB 180. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:56-64. [PMID: 30880216 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that are still causing potentially harmful effects to humans and wildlife. While the adverse health effects of PCBs have been extensively studied for decades, little is known about the effects specifically caused by the less potent, yet abundant non-dioxin-like congeners (NDL-PCBs). Here a non-targeted metabolic profiling of rat offspring exposed in utero and lactationally to total doses of 0, 300 or 1000 mg/kg body weight of ultrapure PCB 180 is reported. Serum samples from 5 male, and 5 female offspring from each group taken 12 weeks after birth were analyzed using UHPLC-qTOF-MS system, and subsequent metabolite alterations were studied. Statistical analysis revealed gender and dose-dependent alterations in serum metabolite levels at doses that did not adversely influence maternal or offspring body weight development. Male rats exhibited a higher number of altered metabolites, as well as stronger dose-dependency. A total of 51 metabolites were identified based on spectral matching. Most notably, 20 of these were glycerophospholipids, mainly lysophosphocholines with systematically decreased concentrations especially in the high-dose males. Other major metabolite groups include amino acids, their derivatives and carnitines. Our findings are consistent with the earlier reported liver effects, as well as neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects of PCB 180. They also emphasize the potential value of metabolomics in characterizing toxic effects and in identifying sensitive biomarkers with potential future use in health risk assessment.
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Kern JK, Geier DA, Homme KG, King PG, Bjørklund G, Chirumbolo S, Geier MR. Developmental neurotoxicants and the vulnerable male brain: a systematic review of suspected neurotoxicants that disproportionally affect males. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2017. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2017-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Li MC, Wu HP, Yang CY, Chen PC, Lambert GH, Leon Guo Y. Gestational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans induced asymmetric hearing loss: Yucheng children study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 137:65-71. [PMID: 25490244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 1979, approximately 2000 people in central Taiwan were exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans (PCBs/PCDFs) due to ingestion of contaminated rice oil. The children born to mothers exposed to PCBs/PCDFs were called Yucheng children. We conducted a follow-up study to examine the association between gestational PCBs/PCDFS exposure and auditory function in Yucheng children's early adulthood. METHODS In 1985 and early 1992, Yucheng children and their age, gender, socio-economic matched unexposed referent children were recruited for physical examination and long-term follow-ups. In 2007, Yucheng children and referent children were invited to participate in a health examination, including assessment of pure-tone air-conduction thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) test. Gestational exposure to PCBs/PCDFs in Yucheng children were estimated by back-extrapolation of their mother's serum concentration to the time of childbirth. RESULTS A total of 86 Yucheng children (51.2% males) and 97 referent children (50.5% males) were included for analysis. No difference was found in demographic characteristics between two groups. Among the Yucheng children, 53 had estimated PCBs/PCDFs concentrations. We found that Yucheng children were at higher risk of having elevated hearing threshold at low frequencies in the right ear. Estimated maternal concentrations of 2,3,4,7,8-pnCDF at the time of birth were associated with increased hearing thresholds and decreased DPOAEs amplitudes at low frequencies in the right ear. CONCLUSION Gestational exposure to PCBs/PCDFs caused adverse asymmetrical hearing effects detectable even in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chieh Li
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Law and Interdisciplinary Studies, National Chengchi University College of Law, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Buddhist Tzuchi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzuchi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yueh Yang
- Department of Health Business Administration, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George H Lambert
- Retired Director NIH/NIEH Children Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Developmental exposure to purity-controlled polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB74 and PCB95) in rats: effects on brainstem auditory evoked potentials and catalepsy. Toxicology 2014; 327:22-31. [PMID: 25449634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the effects of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) are well described, less is known about non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs), including influences on the nervous system and related behavioral effects after developmental exposure. Following the examination of the highly purified NDL congeners PCB52 and PCB180, we report here the results of experiments with PCB74 and PCB95. Rat dams were orally exposed to equimolar doses of either congener (40μmol/kg bw - 11.68mg PCB74/kg bw or 13.06mg PCB95/kg bw) from gestational day (GD) 10 to postnatal day (PND) 7. Control dams were given the vehicle. Adult offspring were tested for cataleptic behavior after induction with haloperidol, a classical neuroleptic drug, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), using clicks and tone pips of different frequencies for stimulation. Results revealed slight effects on latencies to movement onset in female offspring exposed to PCB74, whereas PCB74 males and offspring exposed to PCB95 were not affected. Pronounced changes were observed in BAEPs at low frequencies in PCB74 offspring, with elevated thresholds in both sexes. PCB95 increased thresholds in males, but not females. Small effects were detected on latency of the late wave IV in both sexes after developmental exposure to PCB74 or PCB95. Compared with the other NDL-PCB congeners tested, PCB74 caused the most pronounced effects on BAEPs.
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Shang H, Li Y, Wang T, Wang P, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Jiang G. The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls in yellow pigment products in China with emphasis on 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11). CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 98:44-50. [PMID: 24231041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A non-Aroclor PCB congener, 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11) has recently attracted wide concerns because of its environmental ubiquity and specific sources potentially associated with yellow pigment production. In order to investigate PCB 11 and other PCBs in the yellow pigment products, 24 yellow pigment samples were collected from three different manufacturing plants in China. ∑20PCBs and PCB 11 were in the range of 50.7-9.19×10(5) ng g(-1) and 41.7-9.18×10(5) ng g(-1), respectively, which was much higher than those reported in previous study. The corresponding TEQ values ranged between 0.16 and 4.21×10(3) ng WHO2005-TEQ kg(-1). The contribution of PCB 11 to ∑20PCBs reached up to 85.5% (median value) followed by PCB 28, PCB 77, and PCB 52 with contributions of 10.5%, 6.70%, and 5.40%, respectively. Significant differences were observed for PCB 11 concentrations among the different types of yellow pigment from the same plant and among the same sample types from different plants. The PCB 11 concentrations in diarylide yellow pigments produced from 3,3'-dichlorbenzidine were the highest in all the samples. It demonstrates that yellow pigment is a significant source not only for the widespread pollution of PCB 11 but also for other PCBs, especially for the lower chlorinated congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Thanh Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Lilienthal H, Heikkinen P, Andersson PL, van der Ven LT, Viluksela M. Dopamine-dependent behavior in adult rats after perinatal exposure to purity-controlled polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB52 and PCB180). Toxicol Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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De Boever P, Wens B, Boix J, Felipo V, Schoeters G. Perinatal Exposure to Purity-Controlled Polychlorinated Biphenyl 52, 138, or 180 Alters Toxicogenomic Profiles in Peripheral Blood of Rats after 4 Months. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1159-67. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300510v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick De Boever
- Unit Environmental Risk and
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Industriezone Vlasmeer 7, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek,
Belgium
| | - Britt Wens
- Unit Environmental Risk and
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Industriezone Vlasmeer 7, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Jordi Boix
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida
Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida
Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Unit Environmental Risk and
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Industriezone Vlasmeer 7, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp,
Belgium
- Department of Environmental
Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslowsvej 17A, 5100 Odense, Denmark
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Choi JJ, Choi YJ, Chen L, Zhang B, Eum SY, Abreu MT, Toborek M. Lipopolysaccharide potentiates polychlorinated biphenyl-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier via TLR4/IRF-3 signaling. Toxicology 2012; 302:212-20. [PMID: 22906770 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with numerous adverse health effects. Although the main route of exposure to PCBs is through the gastrointestinal tract, little is known about the contribution of the gut to the health effects of PCBs. We hypothesize that PCBs can disrupt intestinal integrity, causing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation into the bloodstream and potentiation of the systemic toxicity of PCBs. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to individual PCB congeners by oral gavage, followed by the assessment of small intestine morphology and plasma levels of proinflammatory mediators. In addition, mice and human brain endothelial cells were exposed to PCB118 in the presence or absence of LPS to evaluate the contribution of LPS to PCB-induced toxicity at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) level. Oral administration of PCB153, PCB118, or PCB126 disrupted intestinal morphology and increased plasma levels of LPS and proinflammatory cytokines. Direct injection of LPS and PCB118 into the cerebral microvasculature resulted in synergistic disruption of BBB integrity and decreased expression of tight junction proteins in brain microvessels. In vitro experiments confirmed these effects and indicated that stimulation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway can be responsible for these effects via activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3). These results indicate that LPS may be a contributing factor in PCB-induced dysfunction of the brain endothelium via stimulation of the TLR4/IRF-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong June Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Poon E, Powers BE, McAlonan RM, Ferguson DC, Schantz SL. Effects of developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and/or polybrominated diphenyl ethers on cochlear function. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:161-8. [PMID: 21873374 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) causes hearing loss that may be due to reduced thyroxine during cochlear development. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are structurally similar to PCBs and reduce thyroxine. This study utilized an environmental PCB mixture and a commercial PBDE mixture, DE-71, that represents the PBDEs found in humans to assess the potential for additive effects of PCBs and PBDEs on cochlear function. Female Long-Evans rats were dosed with corn oil vehicle, PCBs (3 or 6 mg/kg), molar equivalent doses of PBDEs (5.7 or 11.4 mg/kg), 3 mg/kg PCBs + 5.7 mg/kg PBDEs, or 6 mg/kg PCBs + 11.4 mg/kg PBDEs throughout gestation and lactation. At weaning, pup blood was taken to assess thyroxine concentrations. One male and one female from each litter were maintained until adulthood for distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements of cochlear function. DPOAE amplitudes were decreased and thresholds were elevated in the 6 mg/kg PCB group. Exposure to PBDEs did not cause DPOAE deficits. There was an interactive effect from combined exposure such that the individual low doses of PCBs and PBDEs did not result in DPOAE deficits, but the two combined produced a deficit similar to that in the high-dose PCB group. Serum thyroxine concentrations of all groups were reduced compared with controls, but PBDEs produced a less dramatic reduction than PCBs, which could explain the lack of DPOAE effects. Importantly, there was evidence that the co-exposure to subthreshold doses of PCBs and PBDEs can have an additive effect on cochlear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Poon
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
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