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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Xue J, Xiao Q, Zhang M, Li D, Wang X. Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13487. [PMID: 37686292 PMCID: PMC10487835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated aromatic rings bonded by an ester bond and are classified according to the number and position of bromine atoms. Due to their widespread use, PBDEs have been detected in soil, air, water, dust, and animal tissues. Besides, PBDEs have been found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, adipose, brain, breast milk and plasma. The continued accumulation of PBDEs has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, gut toxicity, thyroid toxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that there may be various mechanisms contributing to PBDEs toxicity. The present study aimed to outline PBDEs' toxic effects and mechanisms on different organ systems. Given PBDEs' bioaccumulation and adverse impacts on human health and other living organisms, we summarize PBDEs' effects and potential toxicity mechanisms and tend to broaden the horizons to facilitate the design of new prevention strategies for PBDEs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
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3
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Kupsco A, Sjödin A, Cowell W, Jones R, Oberfield S, Wang S, Hoepner LA, Gallagher D, Baccarelli AA, Goldsmith J, Rundle AG, Herbstman JB. Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and BMI Z-scores from 5 to 14 years. Environ Health 2022; 21:82. [PMID: 36076289 PMCID: PMC9454187 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame-retardant compounds widely used in household products until phase out in 2004. PBDEs are endocrine disruptors and are suggested to influence signaling related to weight control. Prenatal exposures to PBDEs may alter childhood adiposity, yet few studies have examined these associations in human populations. METHODS Data were collected from a birth cohort of Dominican and African American mother-child pairs from New York City recruited from 1998 to 2006. PBDE congeners BDE-47, - 99, - 100, and - 153 were measured in cord plasma (ng/μL) and dichotomized into low (< 80th percentile) and high (>80th percentile) exposure categories. Height and weight were collected at ages 5, 7, 9, 11, and an ancillary visit from 8 to 14 years (n = 289). Mixed-effects models with random intercepts for participant were used to assess associations between concentrations of individual PBDE congeners or the PBDE sum and child BMI z-scores (BMIz). To assess associations between PBDEs and the change in BMIz over time, models including interactions between PBDE categories and child age and (child age)2 were fit. Quantile g-computation was used to investigate associations between BMIz and the total PBDE mixture. Models were adjusted for baseline maternal covariates: ethnicity, age, education, parity, partnership status, and receipt of public assistance, and child covariates: child sex and cord cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS The prevalence of children with obesity at age 5 was 24.2% and increased to 30% at age 11. Neither cord levels of individual PBDEs nor the total PBDE mixture were associated with overall BMIz in childhood. The changes in BMIz across childhood were not different between children with low or high PBDEs. Results were similar when adjusting for postnatal PBDE exposures. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal PBDE exposures were not associated with child growth trajectories in a cohort of Dominican and African American children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St. Room 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Whitney Cowell
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharon Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St. Room 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Dympna Gallagher
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St. Room 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St. Room 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Lim JJ, Dutta M, Dempsey JL, Lehmler HJ, MacDonald J, Bammler T, Walker C, Kavanagh TJ, Gu H, Mani S, Cui JY. Neonatal Exposure to BPA, BDE-99, and PCB Produces Persistent Changes in Hepatic Transcriptome Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Adult Mouse Livers. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:83-103. [PMID: 34453844 PMCID: PMC8557404 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that complex diseases can result from early life exposure to environmental toxicants. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and remain a continuing risk to human health despite being banned from production. Developmental BPA exposure mediated-adult onset of liver cancer via epigenetic reprogramming mechanisms has been identified. Here, we investigated whether the gut microbiome and liver can be persistently reprogrammed following neonatal exposure to POPs, and the associations between microbial biomarkers and disease-prone changes in the hepatic transcriptome in adulthood, compared with BPA. C57BL/6 male and female mouse pups were orally administered vehicle, BPA, BDE-99 (a breast milk-enriched PBDE congener), or the Fox River PCB mixture (PCBs), once daily for three consecutive days (postnatal days [PND] 2-4). Tissues were collected at PND5 and PND60. Among the three chemicals investigated, early life exposure to BDE-99 produced the most prominent developmental reprogramming of the gut-liver axis, including hepatic inflammatory and cancer-prone signatures. In adulthood, neonatal BDE-99 exposure resulted in a persistent increase in Akkermansia muciniphila throughout the intestine, accompanied by increased hepatic levels of acetate and succinate, the known products of A. muciniphila. In males, this was positively associated with permissive epigenetic marks H3K4me1 and H3K27, which were enriched in loci near liver cancer-related genes that were dysregulated following neonatal exposure to BDE-99. Our findings provide novel insights that early life exposure to POPs can have a life-long impact on disease risk, which may partly be regulated by the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph L Dempsey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Center for Microbiome Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theo Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cheryl Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Pheonix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. E-mail:
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Negi CK, Khan S, Dirven H, Bajard L, Bláha L. Flame Retardants-Mediated Interferon Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084282. [PMID: 33924165 PMCID: PMC8074384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing concern worldwide, affecting 25% of the global population. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease with a broad spectrum of pathology includes steatosis, which gradually progresses to a more severe condition such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually leads to hepatic cancer. Several risk factors, including exposure to environmental toxicants, are involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. Environmental factors may promote the development and progression of NAFLD by various biological alterations, including mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, nuclear receptors dysregulation, and interference in inflammatory and immune-mediated signaling. Moreover, environmental contaminants can influence immune responses by impairing the immune system’s components and, ultimately, disease susceptibility. Flame retardants (FRs) are anthropogenic chemicals or mixtures that are being used to inhibit or delay the spread of fire. FRs have been employed in several household and outdoor products; therefore, human exposure is unavoidable. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of FRs-associated immune and inflammatory signaling and their possible contribution to the development and progression of NAFLD, with an emphasis on FRs-mediated interferon signaling. Knowledge gaps are identified, and emerging pharmacotherapeutic molecules targeting the immune and inflammatory signaling for NAFLD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander K. Negi
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lola Bajard
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Luděk Bláha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
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Sarkar D, Singh VK, Singh SK. Maternal BDE-209 exposure during lactation perturbs steroidogenesis, germ cell kinetics and THRα1 expression in testes of prepubertal mice offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:104-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Karandrea S, Yin H, Liang X, Heart EA. BDE-47 and BDE-85 stimulate insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 pancreatic β-cells through the thyroid receptor and Akt. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:29-34. [PMID: 28869857 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) are environmental pollutants that have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, however, the precise mechanisms are not clear. Particularly, their direct effect on insulin secretion is unknown. In this study, we show that two PBDE congeners, BDE-47 and BDE-85, potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 832/13 cells. This effect of BDE-47 and BDE-85 on GSIS was dependent on thyroid receptor (TR). Both BDE-47 and BDE-85 (10μM) activated Akt during an acute exposure. The activation of Akt by BDE-47 and BDE-85 plays a role in their potentiation of GSIS, as pharmacological inhibition of PI3K, an upstream activator of Akt, significantly lowers GSIS compared to compounds alone. This study shows that BDE-47 and BDE-85 directly act on pancreatic β-cells to stimulate GSIS, and that this effect is mediated by the thyroid receptor (TR) and Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shpetim Karandrea
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Huquan Yin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Emma A Heart
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
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8
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Sarkar D, Singh SK. Maternal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) during lactation affects germ cell survival with altered testicular glucose homeostasis and oxidative status through down-regulation of Cx43 and p27Kip1 in prepubertal mice offspring. Toxicology 2017; 386:103-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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You X, Xi J, Cao Y, Zhang J, Luan Y. 4-Bromodiphenyl Ether Induces Germ Cell Apoptosis by Induction of ROS and DNA Damage in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2017; 157:510-518. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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10
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Sarkar D, Chowdhury JP, Singh SK. Effect of polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis through altered thyroid status in adult mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 239:50-61. [PMID: 26602377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), have been widely used in many products to minimize the risk of fire, mainly by mixing in polymer products. BDE-209, a congener of PBDEs having structural similarity with thyroid hormones, acts as an endocrine disruptor by interfering with thyroid homeostasis. However, little is known about the effect of BDE-209 exposure on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. This study was therefore conducted in adult mice to examine the effect of BDE-209 on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in relation to thyroid status, and to explore possible mechanism(s) of its action. Adult Parkes strain male mice were orally gavaged with 750 and 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 in corn oil for 35days. Significant reductions were noted in the levels of serum total T3, T4 and testosterone in mice treated with 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 compared to controls; histologically, testes showed nonuniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules as both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same section; further, number and viability of spermatozoa were also adversely affected in cauda epididymidis of these mice. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses also showed significant reductions in both testicular mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in 950mg dose treated-mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses further revealed a marked decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in testes of 950mg dose of BDE-209-treated mice. However, 750mg dose of BDE-209 had no effect on the above parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure of BDE-209 to adult mice causes reduction in serum levels of thyroid hormones and altered thyroid status may partly result into impairment of testicular steroidogenesis because of down-regulated expression of SF-1, thereby causing suppression of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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11
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Xia X, Huang C, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Xue S, Wang X, Zhang Q, Guo L. Molecular cloning, characterization, and the response of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase to PBDE-47 and -209 from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:200-210. [PMID: 26915310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers-47 (PBDE-47) and -209 are significant components of total PBDEs in water and can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the organisms. Anti-oxidant enzymes play an important role in scavenging the high level of ROS. In the current study, two full-length cDNAs of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSODs) and catalase (CAT) were isolated from freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana by rapid amplification of cDNA ends approach and respectively named as AwSOD and AwCAT. The nucleotide sequence of AwSOD cDNA had an open reading frame (ORF) of 465 bp encoding a polypeptide of 155 amino acids in which signature 1 GKHGFHVHEFGDNT and signature 2 GNAGARSACGVI of SODs were observed. Deduced amino acid sequence of AwSOD showed a significant similarity with that of CuZnSODs. AwCAT had an ORF 1536 bp encoding a polypeptide of 512 amino acids which contains a conserved catalytic site motif, and a proximal heme-ligand signature motif of CATs. The time-course expressions of AwSOD and AwCAT in hepatopancreas were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Expressions of AwSOD and AwCAT showed a significant up-regulation in groups at a low concentration treatment of PBDE-47, a biphasic pattern in groups with a high concentration treatment. Administration of PBDE-209 could result in an up-regulation of AwSOD and AwCAT expressions with time- and dose-dependent matter. These results indicate that up-regulations of AwSOD and AwCAT expression of hepatopancreas of freshwater bivalve A. woodiana contribute to eliminate oxidative stress derived from PBDE-47 and -209 treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Xia
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chuanfeng Huang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongxian Zhang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Traditional Medicine University, Zhengzhou 45002, Henan Province, China
| | - Shipeng Xue
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiying Wang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Lianghong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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12
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Lefèvre PLC, Berger RG, Ernest SR, Gaertner DW, Rawn DFK, Wade MG, Robaire B, Hales BF. Exposure of Female Rats to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Targets the Ovary, Affecting Folliculogenesis and Steroidogenesis. Biol Reprod 2015; 94:9. [PMID: 26607716 PMCID: PMC4809562 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.134452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are incorporated into various consumer products to prevent flame propagation. These compounds leach into the domestic environment, resulting in chronic exposure and contamination. Pregnancy failure is associated with high levels of BFRs in human follicular fluid, raising serious questions regarding their impact on female reproductive health. The goal of this study is to elucidate the effects of an environmentally relevant BFR mixture on female rat ovarian functions (i.e., folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis). A BFR dietary mixture formulated to mimic the relative BFR congener levels in North American house dust was administered to adult female Sprague-Dawley rats from 2 to 3 wk before mating until Gestational Day 20; these diets were designed to deliver nominal doses of 0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day of the BFR mixture. Exposure to BFRs triggered an approximately 50% increase in the numbers of preantral and antral follicles and an enlargement of the antral follicles in the ovaries of the dams. A significant reduction in the expression of catalase, an antioxidant enzyme, and downregulation of the expression of insulin-like factor 3 (Insl3) and 17alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp17a1) were observed in the ovary. In addition, BFR exposure affected steroidogenesis; we observed a significant decrease in circulating 17-hydroxypregnenolone and an increase in testosterone concentrations in BFR-exposed dams. Thus, BFRs target ovarian function in the rat, adversely affecting both folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavine L C Lefèvre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert G Berger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheila R Ernest
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dean W Gaertner
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothea F K Rawn
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Radiation and Research Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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LIU WEIWEI, HU MIN, WANG YUMEI, SUN BAOZHEN, GUO YU, XU ZHIMIN, LI JIA, HAN BING. Overexpression of interleukin-18 protein reduces viability and induces apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1049-56. [PMID: 25591548 PMCID: PMC4324481 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression on regulating the viability and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells in vitro and examine the underlying molecular events. Human IL-18 cDNA was cloned into the vector pcDNA3.1 (+) and transfected into CRL-1623™ cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, cell viability MTT assay, flow cytometric Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI), Giemsa staining, and caspase-3 activity assay were performed. The data showed that overexpression of IL-18 protein reduced TSCC cell viability by inducing apoptosis. Compared with cells transfected with the control vector, IL-18 expression activated caspase-3, -7, and -9 by inducing their cleavage and increased the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and cytochrome c mRNA, but reduced cyclin D1 and A1 expression in TSCC cells. IL-18 expression upregulated the expression and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β protein in CRL1623 cells, whereas the selective GSK-3β inhibitor kenpaullone antagonized the effects of IL-18 protein on TSCC cells in vitro. The results indicated that IL-18 played an important role in the inhibition of TSCC cell growth and may be further investigated as a novel therapeutic target against TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEIWEI LIU
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - MIN HU
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - YUMEI WANG
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - BAOZHEN SUN
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - YU GUO
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - ZHIMIN XU
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - JIA LI
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - BING HAN
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Bing Han, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, P.R. China E-mail:
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Byun HM, Benachour N, Zalko D, Frisardi MC, Colicino E, Takser L, Baccarelli AA. Epigenetic effects of low perinatal doses of flame retardant BDE-47 on mitochondrial and nuclear genes in rat offspring. Toxicology 2014; 328:152-9. [PMID: 25533936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are known endocrine disrupting chemicals used commonly as flame retardants in everything from electronics to furniture. Exposure to PBDEs during early development has been linked to neurodevelopmental delays. Despite mounting evidence of neurological harm from PBDE exposure, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects on brain function remain unknown. We examined the effects of perinatal exposure to BDE-47, the most biologically active and prevalent BDE congener in North America, on epigenetic patterns in the frontal lobe of Wistar rats. Dams were gavaged with BDE-47 (0.002 and 0.2mg/kg body weight) at gestation days 9 and 16, and postnatal days 1, 8, and 15. Frontal lobes from offspring at postnatal day 41 were collected to measure 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase genes (Mt-co1, Mt-co2, and Mt-co3), global nuclear 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) content, 5mC in repetitive elements L1Rn, and 5mC in nuclear genes (Bdnf, Crhr1, Mc2r, Nr3c1, and Snca) related to behavioral and brain functions in the nuclear genome. We observed a significant decrease in %5mC in Mt-co2 (difference from control=-0.68%, p=0.01 at the 0.2mg/kg BDE-47). 5mC in repetitive elements L1Rn decreased at 0.002 mg/kg BDE-47 (difference=-1.23%, p=0.02). Decreased nuclear 5mC was observed in Bdnf and Nr3c1 in BDE-47 exposed rats. However, we did not observe significant effects of PBDE toxicity on DNA methylation patterns for the majority of genes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Min Byun
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nora Benachour
- Département Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331, TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France.
| | - Maria Chiara Frisardi
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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