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Wang M, Sasaki Y, Sakagami R, Minamikawa T, Tsuda M, Ueno R, Deguchi S, Negoro R, So K, Higuchi Y, Yokokawa R, Takayama K, Yamashita F. Perfluoropolyether-Based Gut-Liver-on-a-Chip for the Evaluation of First-Pass Metabolism and Oral Bioavailability of Drugs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4635-4644. [PMID: 38822812 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In the evolving field of drug discovery and development, multiorgans-on-a-chip and microphysiological systems are gaining popularity owing to their ability to emulate in vivo biological environments. Among the various gut-liver-on-a-chip systems for studying oral drug absorption, the chip developed in this study stands out with two distinct features: incorporation of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) to effectively mitigate drug sorption and a unique enterohepatic single-passage system, which simplifies the analysis of first-pass metabolism and oral bioavailability. By introducing a bolus drug injection into the liver compartment, hepatic extraction alone could be evaluated, further enhancing our estimation of intestinal availability. In a study on midazolam (MDZ), PFPE-based chips showed more than 20-times the appearance of intact MDZ in the liver compartment effluent compared to PDMS-based counterparts. Notably, saturation of hepatic metabolism at higher concentrations was confirmed by observations when the dose was reduced from 200 μM to 10 μM. This result was further emphasized when the metabolism was significantly inhibited by the coadministration of ketoconazole. Our chip, which is designed to minimize the dead volume between the gut and liver compartments, is adept at sensitively observing the saturation of metabolism and the effect of inhibitors. Using genome-edited CYP3A4/UGT1A1-expressing Caco-2 cells, the estimates for intestinal and hepatic availabilities were 0.96 and 0.82, respectively; these values are higher than the known human in vivo values. Although the metabolic activity in each compartment can be further improved, this gut-liver-on-a-chip can not only be used to evaluate oral bioavailability but also to carry out individual assessment of both intestinal and hepatic availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Wang
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Sasaki
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rena Sakagami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Minamikawa
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuda
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ueno
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Negoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kanako So
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Lim JJ, Goedken M, Jin Y, Gu H, Cui JY. Single-cell transcriptomics unveiled that early life BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed the gut-liver axis to promote a proinflammatory metabolic signature in male mice at late adulthood. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:114-136. [PMID: 38648751 PMCID: PMC11199921 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are legacy flame retardants that bioaccumulate in the environment. The gut microbiome is an important regulator of liver functions including xenobiotic biotransformation and immune regulation. We recently showed that neonatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether-99 (BDE-99), a human breast milk-enriched PBDE congener, up-regulated proinflammation-related and down-regulated drug metabolism-related genes predominantly in males in young adulthood. However, the persistence of this dysregulation into late adulthood, differential impact among hepatic cell types, and the involvement of the gut microbiome from neonatal BDE-99 exposure remain unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, male C57BL/6 mouse pups were orally exposed to corn oil (10 ml/kg) or BDE-99 (57 mg/kg) once daily from postnatal days 2-4. At 15 months of age, neonatal BDE-99 exposure down-regulated xenobiotic and lipid-metabolizing enzymes and up-regulated genes involved in microbial influx in hepatocytes. Neonatal BDE-99 exposure also increased the hepatic proportion of neutrophils and led to a predicted increase of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling. This was associated with decreased intestinal tight junction protein (Tjp) transcripts, altered gut environment, and dysregulation of inflammation-related metabolites. ScRNA-seq using germ-free (GF) mice demonstrated the necessity of a normal gut microbiome in maintaining hepatic immune tolerance. Microbiota transplant to GF mice using large intestinal microbiome from adults neonatally exposed to BDE-99 down-regulated Tjp transcripts and up-regulated several cytokines in large intestine. In conclusion, neonatal BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed cell type-specific gene expression and cell-cell communication in liver towards proinflammation, and this may be partly due to the dysregulated gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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Weng Y, Han S, Sekyi MT, Su T, Mattis AN, Chang TT. Self-Assembled Matrigel-Free iPSC-Derived Liver Organoids Demonstrate Wide-Ranging Highly Differentiated Liver Functions. Stem Cells 2023; 41:126-139. [PMID: 36573434 PMCID: PMC9982071 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived liver organoids serve as models of organogenesis, disease, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Prevailing methods for generating organoids rely on Matrigel, whose batch-to-batch variability and xenogeneic source pose challenges to mechanistic research and translation to human clinical therapy. In this report, we demonstrate that self-assembled Matrigel-free iPSC-derived organoids developed in rotating wall vessels (RWVs) exhibit greater hepatocyte-specific functions than organoids formed on Matrigel. We show that RWVs produce highly functional liver organoids in part by eliminating the need for Matrigel, which has adverse effects on hepatic lineage differentiation. RWV liver organoids sustain durable function over long-term culture and express a range of mature functional genes at levels comparable to adult human liver, while retaining some fetal features. Our results indicate that RWVs provide a simple and high-throughput way to generate Matrigel-free liver organoids suitable for research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Weng
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Simon Han
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maria T Sekyi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aras N Mattis
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tammy T Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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4
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Campana AM, Laue HE, Shen Y, Shrubsole MJ, Baccarelli AA. Assessing the role of the gut microbiome at the interface between environmental chemical exposures and human health: Current knowledge and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120380. [PMID: 36220576 PMCID: PMC10239610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The explosion of microbiome research over the past decade has shed light on the various ways that external factors interact with the human microbiome to drive health and disease. Each individual is exposed to more than 300 environmental chemicals every day. Accumulating evidence indicates that the microbiome is involved in the early response to environmental toxicants and biologically mediates their adverse effects on human health. However, few review articles to date provided a comprehensive framework for research and translation of the role of the gut microbiome in environmental health science. This review summarizes current evidence on environmental compounds and their effect on the gut microbiome, discusses the involved compound metabolic pathways, and covers environmental pollution-induced gut microbiota disorders and their long-term outcomes on host health. We conclude that the gut microbiota may crucially mediate and modify the disease-causing effects of environmental chemicals. Consequently, gut microbiota needs to be further studied to assess the complete toxicity of environmental exposures. Future research in this field is required to delineate the key interactions between intestinal microbiota and environmental pollutants and further to elucidate the long-term human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Campana
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hannah E Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Yike Shen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Ampatzoglou A, Gruszecka‐Kosowska A, Aguilera‐Gómez M. Microbiota analysis for risk assessment of xenobiotics: toxicomicrobiomics, incorporating the gut microbiome in the risk assessment of xenobiotics and identifying beneficial components for One Health. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200915. [PMID: 36531267 PMCID: PMC9749437 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores three areas of relevance to the gut microbiome in the context of One Health; the incorporation of the microbiome in food safety risk assessment of xenobiotics; the identification and application of beneficial microbial components to various areas under One Health, and specifically, in the context of antimicrobial resistance. We conclude that, although challenging, focusing on the microbiota resilience, function and active components, are critical for advancing the incorporation of the gut microbiome in the risk assessment of xenobiotics. Moreover, research technologies, such as toxicomicrobiomics, culturomics and genomics, especially in combination, have revealed that the human microbiota may be a promising source of beneficial taxa or other components, with the potential to metabolise and biodegrade xenobiotics. These may have possible applications in several health areas, including in animals or plants for detoxification or in the environment for bioremediation. This approach would be of particular interest for antimicrobials, with the potential to ameliorate antimicrobial resistance development. Finally, we propose that the concept of resistance to xenobiotics in the context of the gut microbiome may deserve further investigation in the pursuit of holistically elucidating their involvement in the balance between health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Ampatzoglou
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food TechnologyUniversity of Granada (INYTA‐UGR)GranadaSpain
| | | | - Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food TechnologyUniversity of Granada (INYTA‐UGR)GranadaSpain
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6
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Silini AR, Ramuta TŽ, Pires AS, Banerjee A, Dubus M, Gindraux F, Kerdjoudj H, Maciulatis J, Weidinger A, Wolbank S, Eissner G, Giebel B, Pozzobon M, Parolini O, Kreft ME. Methods and criteria for validating the multimodal functions of perinatal derivatives when used in oncological and antimicrobial applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:958669. [PMID: 36312547 PMCID: PMC9607958 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.958669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal derivatives or PnDs refer to tissues, cells and secretomes from perinatal, or birth-associated tissues. In the past 2 decades PnDs have been highly investigated for their multimodal mechanisms of action that have been exploited in various disease settings, including in different cancers and infections. Indeed, there is growing evidence that PnDs possess anticancer and antimicrobial activities, but an urgent issue that needs to be addressed is the reproducible evaluation of efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo. Herein we present the most commonly used functional assays for the assessment of antitumor and antimicrobial properties of PnDs, and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages in assessing the functionality. This review is part of a quadrinomial series on functional assays for the validation of PnDs spanning biological functions such as immunomodulation, anticancer and antimicrobial, wound healing, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta R. Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Asmita Banerjee
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Dubus
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), Reims, France
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Plastique, CHU Besançon and Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 4662, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), Reims, France
| | - Justinas Maciulatis
- The Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padoa, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Mateja Erdani Kreft,
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7
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Ampatzoglou A, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Torres-Sánchez A, López-Moreno A, Cerk K, Ortiz P, Monteoliva-Sánchez M, Aguilera M. Incorporating the Gut Microbiome in the Risk Assessment of Xenobiotics and Identifying Beneficial Components for One Health. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:872583. [PMID: 35602014 PMCID: PMC9116292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.872583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three areas of relevance to the gut microbiome in the context of One Health were explored; the incorporation of the microbiome in food safety risk assessment of xenobiotics; the identification and application of beneficial microbial components to various areas under One Health, and; specifically, in the context of antimicrobial resistance. Although challenging, focusing on the microbiota resilience, function and active components is critical for advancing the incorporation of microbiome data in the risk assessment of xenobiotics. Moreover, the human microbiota may be a promising source of beneficial components, with the potential to metabolize xenobiotics. These may have possible applications in several areas, e.g., in animals or plants for detoxification or in the environment for biodegradation. This approach would be of particular interest for antimicrobials, with the potential to ameliorate antimicrobial resistance development. Finally, the concept of resistance to xenobiotics in the context of the gut microbiome may deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Ampatzoglou
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alfonso Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana López-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
- IBS: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., Granada, Spain
| | - Klara Cerk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Ortiz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Monteoliva-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
- IBS: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., Granada, Spain
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Li X, Lim JJ, Wang K, Prasad B, Bhatt DK, Cui JY, Lehmler HJ. The disposition of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) differs between germ-free and conventional mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103854. [PMID: 35331926 PMCID: PMC9090986 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The disposition of toxicants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in germ-free (GF) vs. conventional (CV) mice has received little attention to date. Here, we investigate PCB levels in three-month-old female CV and GF mice exposed orally daily for 3 days to 0, 6, or 30 mg/kg body weight of the Fox River Mixture (FRM), an environmental PCB mixture. We euthanized animals 24 h after the final dose. PCB profiles in tissues differed from the FRM profile but were similar in tissues across all 4 PCB exposure groups. PCB levels in CV but not GF mice followed the difference in PCB dose. Importantly, PCB levels were higher in CV than GF mice exposed to the same dose. Hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme or lipid levels did not explain these trends in PCB tissue levels. Thus, toxicity studies with CV and GF animals need to assess the toxicokinetics of the toxicant investigated. CAPSULE: PCB levels are typically higher in conventional than germ-free mice exposed to the same dose of PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Deepak K Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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9
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Dutta M, Lim JJ, Cui JY. Pregnane X Receptor and the Gut-Liver Axis: A Recent Update. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:478-491. [PMID: 34862253 PMCID: PMC11022899 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the pregnane X receptor (PXR)/Nr1i2 is a critical xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor enriched in liver and intestine and is responsible for drug-drug interactions, due to its versatile ligand binding domain (LBD) and target genes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. PXR can be modulated by various xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, dietary factors, and environmental chemicals. Microbial metabolites such as certain secondary bile acids (BAs) and the tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) are endogenous PXR activators. Gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important regulator for host xenobiotic biotransformation and intermediary metabolism. PXR regulates and is regulated by the gut-liver axis. This review summarizes recent research advancements leveraging pharmaco- and toxico-metagenomic approaches that have redefined the previous understanding of PXR. Key topics covered in this review include: (1) genome-wide investigations on novel PXR-target genes, novel PXR-DNA interaction patterns, and novel PXR-targeted intestinal bacteria; (2) key PXR-modulating activators and suppressors of exogenous and endogenous sources; (3) novel bidirectional interactions between PXR and gut microbiome under physiologic, pathophysiological, pharmacological, and toxicological conditions; and (4) modifying factors of PXR-signaling including species and sex differences and time (age, critical windows of exposure, and circadian rhythm). The review also discusses critical knowledge gaps and important future research topics centering around PXR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes recent research advancements leveraging O'mics approaches that have redefined the previous understanding of the xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR). Key topics include: (1) genome-wide investigations on novel PXR-targeted host genes and intestinal bacteria as well as novel PXR-DNA interaction patterns; (2) key PXR modulators including microbial metabolites under physiological, pathophysiological, pharmacological, and toxicological conditions; and (3) modifying factors including species, sex, and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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10
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Chen W, Qian J, Fu J, Wu T, Lv M, Jiang S, Zhang J. Changes in the Gut Microbiota May Affect the Clinical Efficacy of Oral Anticoagulants. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:860237. [PMID: 35401180 PMCID: PMC8989842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying large individual differences in the response to oral anticoagulants has not been fully clarified, and the influence of the intestinal microbiome on exogenous drug metabolism has gradually become an area of increased research interest. However, there has been no research into the influence of the gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of oral anticoagulants. Therefore, our study is the first to investigate the effect of the intestinal flora on oral anticoagulant metabolism and the associated mechanism. Antibiotics affected the diversity and abundance of the intestinal flora. Compared with the control group, the bioavailability of warfarin and rivaroxaban were significantly increased in the amoxicillin-treated group, whereas the bioavailability of dabigatran increased and subsequently decreased. Compared with the control group, the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and nuclear receptor, PXR, were altered in the amoxicillin -treated groups. This trend was consistent with the pharmacokinetic results. Changes in the intestinal flora can affect the expression of liver drug enzymes and P-gp, as well as affect the transport and metabolism of oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, dabigatracin, and rivaroxaban), leading to differences in the efficacy of oral anticoagulants. This study revealed a novel mechanism for influencing individual differences in the treatment efficacy of oral anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiafen Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinglan Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meina Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaojun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhua Zhang,
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11
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Almeida JI, Tenreiro MF, Martinez-Santamaria L, Guerrero-Aspizua S, Gisbert JP, Alves PM, Serra M, Baptista PM. Hallmarks of the human intestinal microbiome on liver maturation and function. J Hepatol 2022; 76:694-725. [PMID: 34715263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most metabolically complex systems in the body, the liver ensures multi-organ homeostasis and ultimately sustains life. Nevertheless, during early postnatal development, the liver is highly immature and takes about 2 years to acquire and develop almost all of its functions. Different events occurring at the environmental and cellular levels are thought to mediate hepatic maturation and function postnatally. The crosstalk between the liver, the gut and its microbiome has been well appreciated in the context of liver disease, but recent evidence suggests that the latter could also be critical for hepatic function under physiological conditions. The gut-liver crosstalk is thought to be mediated by a rich repertoire of microbial metabolites that can participate in a myriad of biological processes in hepatic sinusoids, from energy metabolism to tissue regeneration. Studies on germ-free animals have revealed the gut microbiome as a critical contributor in early hepatic programming, and this influence extends throughout life, mediating liver function and body homeostasis. In this seminar, we describe the microbial molecules that have a known effect on the liver and discuss how the gut microbiome and the liver evolve throughout life. We also provide insights on current and future strategies to target the gut microbiome in the context of hepatology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Almeida
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel F Tenreiro
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lucía Martinez-Santamaria
- Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Guerrero-Aspizua
- Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Department. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.
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12
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Leigh SJ, Lynch CMK, Bird BRH, Griffin BT, Cryan JF, Clarke G. Gut microbiota-drug interactions in cancer pharmacotherapies: implications for efficacy and adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:5-26. [PMID: 35176217 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2043849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota is involved in host physiology and health. Reciprocal microbiota-drug interactions are increasingly recognized as underlying some individual differences in therapy response and adverse events. Cancer pharmacotherapies are characterized by a high degree of interpatient variability in efficacy and side effect profile and recently, the microbiota has emerged as a factor that may underlie these differences. AREAS COVERED The effects of cancer pharmacotherapy on microbiota composition and function are reviewed with consideration of the relationship between baseline microbiota composition, microbiota modification, antibiotics exposure and cancer therapy efficacy. We assess the evidence implicating the microbiota in cancer therapy-related adverse events including impaired gut function, cognition and pain perception. Finally, potential mechanisms underlying microbiota-cancer drug interactions are described, including direct microbial metabolism, and microbial modulation of liver metabolism and immune function. This review focused on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last 5 years. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical and clinical research supports a role for baseline microbiota in cancer therapy efficacy, with emerging evidence that the microbiota modification may assist in side effect management. Future efforts should focus on exploiting this knowledge towards the development of microbiota-targeted therapies. Finally, a focus on specific drug-microbiota-cancer interactions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Little M, Dutta M, Li H, Matson A, Shi X, Mascarinas G, Molla B, Weigel K, Gu H, Mani S, Cui JY. Understanding the physiological functions of the host xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors PXR and CAR on the gut microbiome using genetically modified mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:801-820. [PMID: 35256948 PMCID: PMC8897037 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of the xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is well-known to increase drug metabolism and reduce inflammation. Little is known regarding their physiological functions on the gut microbiome. In this study, we discovered bivalent hormetic functions of PXR/CAR modulating the richness of the gut microbiome using genetically engineered mice. The absence of PXR or CAR increased microbial richness, and absence of both receptors synergistically increased microbial richness. PXR and CAR deficiency increased the pro-inflammatory bacteria Helicobacteraceae and Helicobacter. Deficiency in both PXR and CAR increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, which has bile salt hydrolase activity, corresponding to decreased primary taurine-conjugated bile acids (BAs) in feces, which may lead to higher internal burden of taurine and unconjugated BAs, both of which are linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity. The basal effect of PXR/CAR on the gut microbiome was distinct from pharmacological and toxicological activation of these receptors. Common PXR/CAR-targeted bacteria were identified, the majority of which were suppressed by these receptors. hPXR-TG mice had a distinct microbial profile as compared to wild-type mice. This study is the first to unveil the basal functions of PXR and CAR on the gut microbiome.
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Key Words
- BA, bile acid
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bile acids
- CA, cholic acid
- CAR
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CITCO, 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime
- CV, conventional
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- Feces
- GF, germ free
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- Gut microbiome
- HDCA, hyodeoxycholic acid
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IFNγ, interferon-gamma
- IL, interleukin
- IS, internal standards
- Inflammation
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- MCA, muricholic acid
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- Mice
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- Nuclear receptor
- OH, hydroxylated
- OTUs, operational taxonomy units
- PA, indole-3 propionic acid
- PBDEs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers
- PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls
- PCoA, Principle Coordinate Analysis
- PXR
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- PiCRUSt, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Observed States
- QIIME, Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- SPF, specific-pathogen-free
- T, wild type
- T-, taurine conjugated
- TCPOBOP, 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene, 3,3′,5,5′-Tetrachloro-1,4-bis(pyridyloxy)benzene
- TGR-5, Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- YAP, yes-associated protein
- hPXR-TG, humanized PXR transgenic
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Little
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Adam Matson
- University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Gabby Mascarinas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Bruk Molla
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kris Weigel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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14
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Saiman Y, David Shen TC, Lund PJ, Gershuni VM, Jang C, Patel S, Jung S, Furth EE, Friedman ES, Chau L, Garcia BA, Wu GD. Global Microbiota-Dependent Histone Acetylation Patterns Are Irreversible and Independent of Short Chain Fatty Acids. Hepatology 2021; 74:3427-3440. [PMID: 34233020 PMCID: PMC9867598 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although germ-free mice are an indispensable tool in studying the gut microbiome and its effects on host physiology, they are phenotypically different than their conventional counterparts. While antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion in conventional mice leads to physiologic alterations that often mimic the germ-free state, the degree to which the effects of microbial colonization on the host are reversible is unclear. The gut microbiota produce abundant short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and previous studies have demonstrated a link between microbial-derived SCFAs and global hepatic histone acetylation in germ-free mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS We demonstrate that global hepatic histone acetylation states measured by mass spectrometry remained largely unchanged despite loss of luminal and portal vein SCFAs after antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion. In contrast to stable hepatic histone acetylation states, we see robust hepatic transcriptomic alterations after microbiota depletion. Additionally, neither dietary supplementation with supraphysiologic levels of SCFA nor the induction of hepatocyte proliferation in the absence of microbiota-derived SCFAs led to alterations in global hepatic histone acetylation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that microbiota-dependent landscaping of the hepatic epigenome through global histone acetylation is static in nature, while the hepatic transcriptome is responsive to alterations in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedidya Saiman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peder J. Lund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victoria M. Gershuni
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Shivali Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Emma E. Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elliot S. Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lillian Chau
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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15
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Campesi I, Montella A, Seghieri G, Franconi F. The Person's Care Requires a Sex and Gender Approach. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4770. [PMID: 34682891 PMCID: PMC8541070 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to optimize pharmacology therapy with a consideration of high interindividual variability and economic costs. A sex-gender approach (which considers men, women, and people of diverse gender identities) and the assessment of differences in sex and gender promote global health, avoiding systematic errors that generate results with low validity. Care for people should consider the single individual and his or her past and present life experiences, as well as his or her relationship with care providers. Therefore, intersectoral and interdisciplinary studies are urgently required. It is desirable to create teams made up of men and women to meet the needs of both. Finally, it is also necessary to build an alliance among regulatory and ethic authorities, statistics, informatics, the healthcare system and providers, researchers, the pharmaceutical and diagnostic industries, decision makers, and patients to overcome the gender gap in medicine and to take real care of a person in an appropriate manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Seghieri
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50124 Florence, Italy;
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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16
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Abstract
Almost 50% of prescription drugs lack age-appropriate dosing guidelines and therefore are used "off-label." Only ~10% drugs prescribed to neonates and infants have been studied for safety or efficacy. Immaturity of drug metabolism in children is often associated with drug toxicity. This chapter summarizes data on the ontogeny of major human metabolizing enzymes involved in oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation of drugs. The ontogeny data of individual drug-metabolizing enzymes are important for accurate prediction of drug pharmacokinetics and toxicity in children. This information is critical for designing clinical studies to appropriately test pharmacological hypotheses and develop safer pediatric drugs, and to replace the long-standing practice of body weight- or surface area-normalized drug dosing. The application of ontogeny data in physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and regulatory submission are discussed.
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17
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The Impact of Diet and Exercise on Drug Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147692. [PMID: 34299312 PMCID: PMC8304791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that lifestyle changes can alter several physiological functions in the human body. For exercise and diet, these effects are used sensibly in basic therapies, as in cardiovascular diseases. However, the physiological changes induced by exercise and a modified diet also have the capacity to influence the efficacy and toxicity of several drugs, mainly by affecting different pharmacokinetic mechanisms. This pharmacological plasticity is not clinically relevant in all cases but might play an important role in altering the effects of very common drugs, particularly drugs with a narrow therapeutic window. Therefore, with this review, we provide insights into possible food–drug and exercise–drug interactions to sharpen awareness of the potential occurrence of such effects.
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18
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Ma W, Zhang W, Shen L, Liu J, Yang F, Maskey N, Wang H, Zhang J, Yan Y, Yao X. Can Smoking Cause Differences in Urine Microbiome in Male Patients With Bladder Cancer? A Retrospective Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:677605. [PMID: 34168995 PMCID: PMC8217881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is a carcinogen for many cancers including bladder cancer. The microbiota is involved in the occurrence, development, and treatment of tumors. We explored the composition of male urinary microbiome and the correlation between tobacco smoking and microbiome in this study. METHODS Alpha diversity, principal component analysis (PCA) and Adonis analysis, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size measurement, and PICRUSt function predictive analysis were used to compare different microbiome between smokers and non-smokers in men. RESULTS There were 26 qualified samples included in the study. Eleven of them are healthy controls, and the others are from men with bladder cancer. Simpson index and the result of PCA analysis between smokers and non-smokers were not different (P > 0.05) in healthy men. However, the abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Erysipelotrichales, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides, and so on in the urinary tract of smokers is much higher than that of non-smokers. Compared to non-smokers, the alpha diversity in smokers was elevated in patients with bladder cancer (P < 0.05). PCA analysis showed a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers (P < 0.001), indicating that tobacco smoking plays a vital role in urinary tract microbial composition. CONCLUSION The composition of microbiome in the urinary tract is closely related to tobacco smoking. This phenomenon is more significant in patients with bladder cancer. This indicates tobacco smoking may promote the occurrence and development of bladder cancer by changing urinary tract microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Ma
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliang Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhang Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Niraj Maskey
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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19
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Meaddough E, Abenavoli L, Sarasua S, Boccuto L. Genetic and environmental factors influencing the interaction between the gut microbiota and the human host: implications for gastrointestinal disorders and treatment approaches. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 67:369-376. [PMID: 34057334 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The growing knowledge on the microbiota hosted in the human intestine has allowed researchers and clinicians to discover a critical role for these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of several human disorders. In particular, perturbation in the microbiotic strains populating the gastrointestinal tract has been associated with several conditions affecting the digestive system. The composition of the human gut microbiota is influenced by both genetic factors, like the human and the microbiotic genomes, and environmental ones, such as diet or drugs. Alteration of the interaction between the gut microbiota and the human host has been proven to be associated with several gastrointestinal disorders as well as potential effects on pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Meaddough
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Sarasua
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA -
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20
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Średnicka P, Juszczuk-Kubiak E, Wójcicki M, Akimowicz M, Roszko MŁ. Probiotics as a biological detoxification tool of food chemical contamination: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112306. [PMID: 34058235 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, people are exposed to diverse environmental and chemical pollutants produced by industry and agriculture. Food contaminations such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, and mycotoxins are a serious concern for global food safety with economic and public health implications especially in the newly industrialized countries (NIC). Mounting evidence indicates that chronic exposure to food contaminants referred to as xenobiotics exert a negative effect on human health such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal disorders linked with perturbation of the composition and metabolic profile of the gut microflora. Although the physicochemical technologies for food decontamination are utilized in many cases but require adequate conditions which are often not feasible to be met in many industrial sectors. At present, one promising approach to reduce the risk related to the presence of xenobiotics in foodstuffs is a biological detoxification done by probiotic strains and their enzymes. Many studies confirmed that probiotics are an effective, feasible, and inexpensive tool for preventing xenobiotic-induced dysbiosis and alleviating their toxicity. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the direct mechanisms by which probiotics can influence the detoxification of xenobiotics. Moreover, probiotic-xenobiotic interactions with the gut microbiota and the host response were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Akimowicz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Ł Roszko
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Luo Y, Zhou T. Connecting the dots: Targeting the microbiome in drug toxicity. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:83-111. [PMID: 33856076 DOI: 10.1002/med.21805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has a vast influence on human health and its role in initiating, aggravating, or ameliorating diseases is beginning to emerge. Recently, its contribution to heterogeneous toxicological responses is also gaining attention, especially in drug-induced toxicity. Whether they are orally administered or not, drugs may interact with the gut microbiota directly or indirectly, which leads to altered toxicity. Present studies focus more on the unidirectional influence of how xenobiotics disturb intestinal microbial composition and functions, and thus induce altered homeostasis. However, interactions between the gut microbiota and xenobiotics are bidirectional and the impact of the gut microbiota on xenobiotics, especially on drugs, should not be neglected. Thus, in this review, we focus on how the gut microbiota modulates drug toxicity by highlighting the microbiome, microbial enzyme, and microbial metabolites. We connect the dots between drugs, the microbiome, microbial enzymes or metabolites, drug metabolites, and host toxicological responses to facilitate the discovery of microbial targets and mechanisms associated with drug toxicity. Besides this, current mainstream strategies to manipulate drug toxicity by targeting the microbiome are summarized and discussed. The review provides technical reference for the evaluation of medicinal properties in the research and development of innovative drugs, and for the future exploitation of strategies to reduce drug toxicity by targeting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Gong S, Feng Y, Zeng Y, Zhang H, Pan M, He F, Wu R, Chen J, Lu J, Zhang S, Yuan S, Chen X. Gut microbiota accelerates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury associated with robust inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. J Transl Med 2021; 19:147. [PMID: 33849559 PMCID: PMC8045234 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota has been reported to be disrupted by cisplatin, as well as to modulate chemotherapy toxicity. However, the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of cisplatin hepatotoxicity remains unknown. Methods We compared the composition and function of gut microbiota between mice treated with and without cisplatin using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and via metabolomic analysis. For understanding the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and cisplatin hepatotoxicity, antibiotics were administered to deplete gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed before cisplatin treatment. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis showed that cisplatin administration caused gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Gut microbiota ablation by antibiotic exposure protected against the hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Interestingly, mice treated with antibiotics dampened the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation, resulting in decreased levels of both inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. FMT also confirmed the role of microbiota in individual susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusions This study elucidated the mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates cisplatin hepatotoxicity through enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. This knowledge may help develop novel therapeutic approaches that involve targeting the composition and metabolites of microbiota. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02814-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhai Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinglin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yunong Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanrui Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiping Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjie He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jiuling Lu
- Department of Outpatient, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Siyou Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Songhua Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
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23
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van Groen BD, Nicolaï J, Kuik AC, Van Cruchten S, van Peer E, Smits A, Schmidt S, de Wildt SN, Allegaert K, De Schaepdrijver L, Annaert P, Badée J. Ontogeny of Hepatic Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Humans and in Nonclinical Species. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:597-678. [PMID: 33608409 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver represents a major eliminating and detoxifying organ, determining exposure to endogenous compounds, drugs, and other xenobiotics. Drug transporters (DTs) and drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) are key determinants of disposition, efficacy, and toxicity of drugs. Changes in their mRNA and protein expression levels and associated functional activity between the perinatal period until adulthood impact drug disposition. However, high-resolution ontogeny profiles for hepatic DTs and DMEs in nonclinical species and humans are lacking. Meanwhile, increasing use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models necessitates availability of underlying ontogeny profiles to reliably predict drug exposure in children. In addition, understanding of species similarities and differences in DT/DME ontogeny is crucial for selecting the most appropriate animal species when studying the impact of development on pharmacokinetics. Cross-species ontogeny mapping is also required for adequate translation of drug disposition data in developing nonclinical species to humans. This review presents a quantitative cross-species compilation of the ontogeny of DTs and DMEs relevant to hepatic drug disposition. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed Central: Tables and graphs (often after digitization) in original manuscripts were used to extract ontogeny data. Data from independent studies were standardized and normalized before being compiled in graphs and tables for further interpretation. New insights gained from these high-resolution ontogeny profiles will be indispensable to understand cross-species differences in maturation of hepatic DTs and DMEs. Integration of these ontogeny data into PBPK models will support improved predictions of pediatric hepatic drug disposition processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hepatic drug transporters (DTs) and drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) play pivotal roles in hepatic drug disposition. Developmental changes in expression levels and activities of these proteins drive age-dependent pharmacokinetics. This review compiles the currently available ontogeny profiles of DTs and DMEs expressed in livers of humans and nonclinical species, enabling robust interpretation of age-related changes in drug disposition and ultimately optimization of pediatric drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D van Groen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - J Nicolaï
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - A C Kuik
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - S Van Cruchten
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - E van Peer
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - A Smits
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - S Schmidt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - S N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - K Allegaert
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - L De Schaepdrijver
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - P Annaert
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - J Badée
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
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Mun SJ, Lee J, Chung KS, Son MY, Son MJ. Effect of Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids on CYP3A4-Mediated Metabolic Activation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Liver Organoids. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010126. [PMID: 33440728 PMCID: PMC7827634 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early and accurate prediction of the hepatotoxicity of new drug targets during nonclinical drug development is important to avoid postmarketing drug withdrawals and late-stage failures. We previously established long-term expandable and functional human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived liver organoids as an alternative source for primary human hepatocytes. However, PSC-derived organoids are known to present immature fetal characteristics. Here, we treated these liver organoids with microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to improve metabolic maturation based on microenvironmental changes in the liver during postnatal development. The effects of the three main SCFA components (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and their mixture on liver organoids were determined. Propionate (1 µM) significantly promoted the CYP3A4/CYP3A7 expression ratio, and acetate (1 µM), propionate (1 µM), and butyrate (1 µM) combination treatment, compared to no treatment (control), substantially increased CYP3A4 activity and albumin secretion, as well as gene expression. More importantly, mixed SCFA treatment accurately revealed troglitazone-induced hepatotoxicity, which was redeemed on a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole treatment. Overall, we determined, for the first time, that SCFA mixture treatment might contribute to the accurate evaluation of the CYP3A4-dependent drug toxicity by improving metabolic activation, including CYP3A4 expression, of liver organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ju Mun
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeseo Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.S.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4426 (M.-Y.S.); +82-42-860-4477 (M.J.S.)
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.S.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4426 (M.-Y.S.); +82-42-860-4477 (M.J.S.)
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Li X, Liu Y, Martin JW, Cui JY, Lehmler HJ. Nontarget analysis reveals gut microbiome-dependent differences in the fecal PCB metabolite profiles of germ-free and conventional mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115726. [PMID: 33032095 PMCID: PMC7746632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) metabolism has not been systematically explored with nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry (Nt-HRMS). Here we investigated the importance of the gut microbiome in PCB biotransformation by Nt-HRMS analysis of feces from conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) adult female mice exposed to a single oral dose of an environmental PCB mixture (6 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg in corn oil). Feces were collected for 24 h after PCB administration, PCB metabolites were extracted from pooled samples, and the extracts were analyzed by Nt-HRMS. Twelve classes of PCB metabolites were detected in the feces from CV mice, including PCB sulfates, hydroxylated PCB sulfates (OH-PCB sulfates), PCB sulfonates, and hydroxylated methyl sulfone PCBs (OH-MeSO2-PCBs) reported previously. We also observed eight additional PCB metabolite classes that were tentatively identified as hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs), dihydroxylated PCBs (DiOH-PCBs), monomethoxylated dihydroxylated PCBs (MeO-OH-PCBs), methoxylated PCB sulfates (MeO-PCB sulfates), mono-to tetra-hydroxylated PCB quinones ((OH)x-quinones, x = 1-4), and hydroxylated polychlorinated benzofurans (OH-PCDF). Most metabolite classes were also detected in the feces from GF mice, except for MeO-OH-PCBs, OH-MeSO2-PCBs, and OH-PCDFs. Semi-quantitative analyses demonstrate that relative PCB metabolite levels increased with increasing dose and were higher in CV than GF mice, except for PCB sulfates and MeO-PCB sulfates, which were higher in GF mice. These findings demonstrate that the gut microbiome plays a direct or indirect role in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of PCB metabolites, which in turn may affect toxic outcomes following PCB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242-5000, USA
| | - Yanna Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicity, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 114 18, Sweden
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105-6099, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242-5000, USA.
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26
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Zhang J, Zhu S, Ma N, Johnston LJ, Wu C, Ma X. Metabolites of microbiota response to tryptophan and intestinal mucosal immunity: A therapeutic target to control intestinal inflammation. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1061-1088. [PMID: 33174230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In a complex, diverse intestinal environment, commensal microbiota metabolizes excessive dietary tryptophan to produce more bioactive metabolites connecting with kinds of diverse process, such as host physiological defense, homeostasis, excessive immune activation and the progression and outcome of different diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and others. Although commensal microbiota includes bacteria, fungi, and protozoa and all that, they often have the similar metabolites in tryptophan metabolism process via same or different pathways. These metabolites can work as signal to activate the innate immunity of intestinal mucosa and induce the rapid inflammation response. They are critical in reconstruction of lumen homeostasis as well. This review aims to seek the potential function and mechanism of microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites as targets to regulate and shape intestinal immune function, which mainly focused on two aspects. First, analyze the character of tryptophan metabolism in bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and assess the functions of their metabolites (including indole and eight other derivatives, serotonin (5-HT) and d-tryptophan) on regulating the integrity of intestinal epithelium and the immunity of the intestinal mucosa. Second, focus on the mediator and pathway for their recognition, transfer and crosstalk between microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites and intestinal mucosal immunity. Disruption of intestinal homeostasis has been described in different intestinal inflammatory diseases, available data suggest the remarkable potential of tryptophan-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, indole derivatives on lumen equilibrium. These metabolites as preventive and therapeutic interventions have potential to promote proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shengwei Zhu
- Institute of Botany, Key laboratory of plant molecular physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Daujat-Chavanieu M, Gerbal-Chaloin S. Regulation of CAR and PXR Expression in Health and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E2395. [PMID: 33142929 PMCID: PMC7692647 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that mainly act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Their functions have long been associated with the regulation of drug metabolism and disposition, and it is now well established that they are implicated in physiological and pathological conditions. Considerable efforts have been made to understand the regulation of their activity by their cognate ligand; however, additional regulatory mechanisms, among which the regulation of their expression, modulate their pleiotropic effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge on CAR and PXR expression during development and adult life; tissue distribution; spatial, temporal, and metabolic regulations; as well as in pathological situations, including chronic diseases and cancers. The expression of CAR and PXR is modulated by complex regulatory mechanisms that involve the interplay of transcription factors and also post-transcriptional and epigenetic modifications. Moreover, many environmental stimuli affect CAR and PXR expression through mechanisms that have not been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
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28
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Degraeve AL, Moudio S, Haufroid V, Chaib Eddour D, Mourad M, Bindels LB, Elens L. Predictors of tacrolimus pharmacokinetic variability: current evidences and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:769-782. [PMID: 32721175 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1803277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In kidney transplantation, tacrolimus (TAC) is at the cornerstone of current immunosuppressive strategies. Though because of its narrow therapeutic index, it is critical to ensure that TAC levels are maintained within this sharp window through reactive adjustments. This would allow maximizing efficiency while limiting drug-associated toxicity. However, TAC high intra- and inter-patient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability makes it more laborious to accurately predict the appropriate dosage required for a given patient. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding drug interactions, demographic and pharmacogenetics factors as predictors of TAC PK. We provide a scoring index for each association to grade its relevance and we present practical recommendations, when possible for clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION The management of TAC concentration in transplanted kidney patients is as critical as it is challenging. Recommendations based on rigorous scientific evidences are lacking as knowledge of potential predictors remains limited outside of DDIs. Awareness of these limitations should pave the way for studies looking at demographic and pharmacogenetic factors as well as gut microbiota composition in order to promote tailored treatment plans. Therapeutic approaches considering patients' clinical singularities may help allowing to maintain appropriate concentration of TAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Degraeve
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics (PMGK), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium.,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (Mnut), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Moudio
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics (PMGK), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut De Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut De Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Djamila Chaib Eddour
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Mourad
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (Mnut), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Elens
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics (PMGK), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut De Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Abstract
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a relatively rare hepatic condition in response to the use of medications, illegal drugs, herbal products or dietary supplements. It occurs in susceptible individuals through a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors believed to modify drug metabolism and/or excretion leading to a cascade of cellular events, including oxidative stress formation, apoptosis/necrosis, haptenization, immune response activation and a failure to adapt. The resultant liver damage can present with an array of phenotypes, which mimic almost every other liver disorder, and varies in severity from asymptomatic elevation of liver tests to fulminant hepatic failure. Despite recent research efforts specific biomarkers are not still available for routine use in clinical practice, which makes the diagnosis of DILI uncertain and relying on a high degree of awareness of this condition and the exclusion of other causes of liver disease. Diagnostic scales such as the CIOMS/RUCAM can support the causality assessment of a DILI suspicion, but need refinement as some criteria are not evidence-based. Prospective collection of well-vetted DILI cases in established DILI registries has allowed the identification and validation of a number of clinical variables, and to predict a more severe DILI outcome. DILI is also in need of properly designed clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of new DILI treatments as well as older drugs such as ursodeoxycholic acid traditionally used to ameliorate cholestasis or corticosteroids now widely tried in the oncology field to manage the emergent type of hepatotoxicity related to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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30
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Han LW, Wang L, Shi Y, Dempsey JL, Pershutkina OV, Dutta M, Bammler TK, Cui JY, Mao Q. Impact of Microbiome on Hepatic Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Mice during Pregnancy. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:708-722. [PMID: 32499338 PMCID: PMC7434050 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome and pregnancy are known to alter drug disposition, yet the interplay of the two physiologic factors on the expression and/or activity of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) is unknown. This study investigated the effects of microbiome on host hepatic DMETs in mice during pregnancy by comparing four groups of conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) female mice and pregnancy status, namely, CV nonpregnant, GF non-pregnant, CV pregnant, and GF pregnant mice. Transcriptomic and targeted proteomics of hepatic DMETs were profiled by using multiomics. Plasma bile acid and steroid hormone levels were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. CYP3A activities were measured by mouse liver microsome incubations. The trend of pregnancy-induced changes in the expression or activity of hepatic DMETs in CV and GF mice was similar; however, the magnitude of change was noticeably different. For certain DMETs, pregnancy status had paradoxical effects on mRNA and protein expression in both CV and GF mice. For instance, the mRNA levels of Cyp3a11, the murine homolog of human CYP3A4, were decreased by 1.7-fold and 3.3-fold by pregnancy in CV and GF mice, respectively; however, the protein levels of CYP3A11 were increased similarly ∼twofold by pregnancy in both CV and GF mice. Microsome incubations revealed a marked induction of CYP3A activity by pregnancy that was 10-fold greater in CV mice than that in GF mice. This is the first study to show that the microbiome can alter the expression and/or activity of hepatic DMETs in pregnancy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We demonstrated for the first time that microbiome and pregnancy can interplay to alter the expression and/or activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Though the trend of pregnancy-induced changes in the expression or activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in conventional and germ-free mice was similar, the magnitude of change was noticeably different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyrialle W Han
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lu Wang
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph L Dempsey
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Olesya V Pershutkina
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julia Y Cui
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qingcheng Mao
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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31
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Togao M, Kawakami K, Otsuka J, Wagai G, Ohta-Takada Y, Kado S. Effects of gut microbiota on in vivo metabolism and tissue accumulation of cytochrome P450 3A metabolized drug: Midazolam. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:275-282. [PMID: 32562497 PMCID: PMC7497050 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The link between drug‐metabolizing enzymes and gut microbiota is well established. In particular, hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activities are presumed to be affected by gut microbiota. However, there is no direct evidence that the gut microbiota affects CYP3A metabolism or the clearance of clinically relevant drugs in vivo. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of gut microbiota on in vitro and in vivo drug metabolism and on the clearance of midazolam, which is a standard CYP3A metabolized drug. Hepatic Cyp3a activity and in vitro midazolam hydroxylase activity were compared using specific pathogen‐free (SPF) and germ‐free (GF) mice. In a pharmacokinetics (PK) study, SPF and GF mice were intraperitoneally injected with 60 mg/kg of midazolam, and plasma and tissue concentrations were measured. Hepatic Cyp3a activity and midazolam hydroxylase activity were significantly lower in GF mice than in SPF mice. Notably, in the PK study, the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity and the elimination half‐life were approximately four‐fold higher in GF mice compared with SPF mice. Furthermore, the concentration of midazolam in the brain 180 min after administration was about 14‐fold higher in GF mice compared with SPF mice. Together, our results demonstrated that the gut microbiota altered the metabolic ability of Cyp3a and the tissue accumulation of midazolam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Togao
- Safety Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Safety Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Otsuka
- Safety Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Wagai
- Safety Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohta-Takada
- Safety Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kado
- Safety Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Manzoor SS, Doedens A, Burns MB. The promise and challenge of cancer microbiome research. Genome Biol 2020; 21:131. [PMID: 32487228 PMCID: PMC7265652 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microbial agents have been implicated as contributors to cancer genesis and development, and the search to identify and characterize new cancer-related organisms is ongoing. Modern developments in methodologies, especially culture-independent approaches, have accelerated and driven this research. Recent work has shed light on the multifaceted role that the community of organisms in and on the human body plays in cancer onset, development, detection, treatment, and outcome. Much remains to be discovered, however, as methodological variation and functional testing of statistical correlations need to be addressed for the field to advance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annemiek Doedens
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Michael B Burns
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA.
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33
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Collins SL, Patterson AD. The gut microbiome: an orchestrator of xenobiotic metabolism. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:19-32. [PMID: 31998605 PMCID: PMC6984741 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans represent a site for xenobiotic metabolism. The gut microbiome, the collection of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, can alter the metabolic outcome of pharmaceuticals, environmental toxicants, and heavy metals, thereby changing their pharmacokinetics. Direct chemical modification of xenobiotics by the gut microbiome, either through the intestinal tract or re-entering the gut via enterohepatic circulation, can lead to increased metabolism or bioactivation, depending on the enzymatic activity within the microbial niche. Unique enzymes encoded within the microbiome include those that reverse the modifications imparted by host detoxification pathways. Additionally, the microbiome can limit xenobiotic absorption in the small intestine by increasing the expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins, supporting the protective mucosal layer, and/or directly sequestering chemicals. Lastly, host gene expression is regulated by the microbiome, including CYP450s, multi-drug resistance proteins, and the transcription factors that regulate them. While the microbiome affects the host and pharmacokinetics of the xenobiotic, xenobiotics can also influence the viability and metabolism of the microbiome. Our understanding of the complex interconnectedness between host, microbiome, and metabolism will advance with new modeling systems, technology development and refinement, and mechanistic studies focused on the contribution of human and microbial metabolism.
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Key Words
- 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- AHR, aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- Absorption
- BDE, bromodiphenyl ether
- BRV, brivudine
- BVU, bromovinyluracil
- Bioactivation
- CAR, constitutive androgen receptor
- CV, conventional
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- ER, estrogen receptor
- Enterohepatic circulation
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GF, germ-free
- GUDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Gut microbiome
- NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- PABA, p-aminobenzenesulphonamide
- PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
- PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PFOS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- Pharmacokinetics
- SCFA, short chain fatty acid
- SN-38G, SN-38 glucuronide
- SULT, sulfotransferase
- TCDF, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
- TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid
- UGT, uracil diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase
- Xenobiotic metabolism
- cgr, cytochrome glycoside reductase
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Collins
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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34
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Kumar M, Singh P, Murugesan S, Vetizou M, McCulloch J, Badger JH, Trinchieri G, Al Khodor S. Microbiome as an Immunological Modifier. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2055:595-638. [PMID: 31502171 PMCID: PMC8276114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9773-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans are living ecosystems composed of human cells and microbes. The microbiome is the collection of microbes (microbiota) and their genes. Recent breakthroughs in the high-throughput sequencing technologies have made it possible for us to understand the composition of the human microbiome. Launched by the National Institutes of Health in USA, the human microbiome project indicated that our bodies harbor a wide array of microbes, specific to each body site with interpersonal and intrapersonal variabilities. Numerous studies have indicated that several factors influence the development of the microbiome including genetics, diet, use of antibiotics, and lifestyle, among others. The microbiome and its mediators are in a continuous cross talk with the host immune system; hence, any imbalance on one side is reflected on the other. Dysbiosis (microbiota imbalance) was shown in many diseases and pathological conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, diabetes, and cancer. The microbial composition mirrors inflammation variations in certain disease conditions, within various stages of the same disease; hence, it has the potential to be used as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parul Singh
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Selvasankar Murugesan
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marie Vetizou
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John McCulloch
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan H Badger
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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35
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Dempsey JL, Cui JY. Microbiome is a functional modifier of P450 drug metabolism. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 5:481-490. [PMID: 33312848 PMCID: PMC7731899 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Host cytochrome P450s (P450s) play important roles in the bioactivation and detoxification of numerous therapeutic drugs, environmental toxicants, dietary factors, as well as endogenous compounds. Gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as our "second genome" that contributes to the xenobiotic biotransformation of the host, and the first pass metabolism of many orally exposed chemicals is a joint effort between host drug metabolizing enzymes including P450s and gut microbiome. Gut microbiome contributes to the drug metabolism via two distinct mechanisms: direct mechanism refers to the metabolism of drugs by microbial enzymes, among which reduction and hydrolysis (or deconjugation) are among the most important reactions; whereas indirect mechanism refers to the influence of host receptors and signaling pathways by microbial metabolites. Many types of microbial metabolites, such as secondary bile acids (BAs), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and tryptophan metabolites, are known regulators of human diseases through modulating host xenobiotic-sensing receptors. To study the roles of gut microbiome in regulating host drug metabolism including P450s, several models including germ free mice, antibiotics or probiotics treatments, have been widely used. The present review summarized the current information regarding the interactions between microbiome and the host P450s in xenobiotic biotransformation organs such as liver, intestine, and kidney, highlighting the remote sensing mechanisms underlying gut microbiome mediated regulation of host xenobiotic biotransformation. In addition, the roles of bacterial, fungal, and other microbiome kingdom P450s, which is an understudied area of research in pharmacology and toxicology, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Dempsey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington
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Nigam SK, Bush KT. Uraemic syndrome of chronic kidney disease: altered remote sensing and signalling. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:301-316. [PMID: 30728454 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Uraemic syndrome (also known as uremic syndrome) in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease involves the accumulation in plasma of small-molecule uraemic solutes and uraemic toxins (also known as uremic toxins), dysfunction of multiple organs and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. As such, uraemic syndrome can be viewed as a disease of perturbed inter-organ and inter-organism (host-microbiota) communication. Multiple biological pathways are affected, including those controlled by solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes, many of which are also involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME). The remote sensing and signalling hypothesis identifies SLC and ABC transporter-mediated communication between organs and/or between the host and gut microbiota as key to the homeostasis of metabolites, antioxidants, signalling molecules, microbiota-derived products and dietary components in body tissues and fluid compartments. Thus, this hypothesis provides a useful perspective on the pathobiology of uraemic syndrome. Pathways considered central to drug ADME might be particularly important for the body's attempts to restore homeostasis, including the correction of disturbances due to kidney injury and the accumulation of uraemic solutes and toxins. This Review discusses how the remote sensing and signalling hypothesis helps to provide a systems-level understanding of aspects of uraemia that could lead to novel approaches to its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin T Bush
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Cheng SL, Li X, Lehmler HJ, Phillips B, Shen D, Cui JY. Gut Microbiota Modulates Interactions Between Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Bile Acid Homeostasis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:269-287. [PMID: 30496569 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a second genome that contributes to the health and diseases of the host. A major function of the gut microbiota is to convert primary bile acids (BAs) produced from cholesterol in the liver into secondary BAs that activate distinct host receptors to modulate xenobiotic metabolism and energy homeostasis. The goal of this study was to investigate to what extent oral exposure to an environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs mixture), namely the Fox River mixture, impacts gut microbiome and BA homeostasis. Ninety-day-old adult female conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to corn oil (vehicle), or the Fox River mixture at 6 or 30 mg/kg once daily for 3 consecutive days. The PCB low dose profoundly increased BA metabolism related bacteria Akkermansia (A.) muciniphila, Clostridium (C.) scindens, and Enterococcus in the large intestinal pellet (LIP) of CV mice (16S rRNA sequencing/qPCR). This correlated with a PCB low dose-mediated increase in multiple BAs in serum and small intestinal content (SIP) in a gut microbiota-dependent manner (UPLC-MS/MS). Conversely, at PCB high dose, BA levels remained stable in CV mice correlated with an increase in hepatic efflux transporters and ileal Fgf15. Interestingly, lack of gut microbiota potentiated the PCB-mediated increase in taurine conjugated α and β muricholic acids in liver, SIP, and LIP. Pearson's correlation identified positive correlations between 5 taxa and most secondary BAs. In conclusion, PCBs dose-dependently altered BA homeostasis through a joint effort between host gut-liver axis and intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Lihua Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Brian Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
| | - Danny Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
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Morsiani C, Bacalini MG, Santoro A, Garagnani P, Collura S, D'Errico A, de Eguileor M, Grazi GL, Cescon M, Franceschi C, Capri M. The peculiar aging of human liver: A geroscience perspective within transplant context. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:24-34. [PMID: 30772626 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An appraisal of recent data highlighting aspects inspired by the new Geroscience perspective are here discussed. The main findings are summarized as follows: i) liver has to be considered an immunological organ, and new studies suggest a role for the recently described cells named telocytes; ii) the liver-gut axis represents a crucial connection with environment and life style habits and may influence liver diseases onset; iii) the physiological aging of liver shows relatively modest alterations. Nevertheless, several molecular changes appear to be relevant: a) an increase of microRNA-31-5p; -141-3p; -200c-3p expressions after 60 years of age; b) a remodeling of genome-wide DNA methylation profile evident until 60 years of age and then plateauing; c) changes in transcriptome including the metabolic zones of hepatocyte lobules; d) liver undergoes an accelerated aging in presence of chronic inflammation/liver diseases in a sort of continuum, largely as a consequence of unhealthy life styles and exposure to environmental noxious agents. We argue that chronic liver inflammation has all the major characteristics of "inflammaging" and likely sustains the onset and progression of liver diseases. Finally, we propose to use a combination of parameters, mostly obtained by omics such as transcriptomics and epigenomics, to evaluate in deep both the biological age of liver (in comparison with the chronological age) and the effects of donor-recipient age-mismatches in the context of liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Collura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia D'Errico
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- DBSV-Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cescon
- DIMEC-Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CSR-Centro di Studio per la Ricerca dell'Invecchiamento, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Clarke G, Sandhu KV, Griffin BT, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Hyland NP. Gut Reactions: Breaking Down Xenobiotic–Microbiome Interactions. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:198-224. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.015768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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40
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Dempsey JL, Wang D, Siginir G, Fei Q, Raftery D, Gu H, Yue Cui J. Pharmacological Activation of PXR and CAR Downregulates Distinct Bile Acid-Metabolizing Intestinal Bacteria and Alters Bile Acid Homeostasis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:40-60. [PMID: 30407581 PMCID: PMC6821357 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome regulates important host metabolic pathways including xenobiotic metabolism and intermediary metabolism, such as the conversion of primary bile acids (BAs) into secondary BAs. The nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are well-known regulators for xenobiotic biotransformation in liver. However, little is known regarding the potential effects of PXR and CAR on the composition and function of the gut microbiome. To test our hypothesis that activation of PXR and CAR regulates gut microbiota and secondary BA synthesis, 9-week-old male conventional and germ-free mice were orally gavaged with corn oil, PXR agonist PCN (75 mg/kg), or CAR agonist TCPOBOP (3 mg/kg) once daily for 4 days. PCN and TCPOBOP decreased two taxa in the Bifidobacterium genus, which corresponded with decreased gene abundance of the BA-deconjugating enzyme bile salt hydrolase. In liver and small intestinal content of germ-free mice, there was a TCPOBOP-mediated increase in total, primary, and conjugated BAs corresponding with increased Cyp7a1 mRNA. Bifidobacterium, Dorea, Peptociccaceae, Anaeroplasma, and Ruminococcus positively correlated with T-UDCA in LIC, but negatively correlated with T-CDCA in serum. In conclusion, PXR and CAR activation downregulates BA-metabolizing bacteria in the intestine and modulates BA homeostasis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Dempsey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing 400015, P.R. China
| | - Gunseli Siginir
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130061, P.R. China
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
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41
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Donato MT, Tolosa L. Stem-cell derived hepatocyte-like cells for the assessment of drug-induced liver injury. Differentiation 2019; 106:15-22. [PMID: 30844688 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury is a major cause of drug discovery failure in clinical trials and a leading cause of liver disease. Current preclinical drug testing does not predict hepatotoxicity which highlights the importance of developing highly predictive cell-based models. The use of stem cell technology and differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) could provide a stable source of hepatocytes for multiple applications, including drug screening. HLCs derived from both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells have been used to accurately predict hepatotoxicity as well as to test individual-specific toxicity. Although there are still many limitations, mainly related to the lack of fully maturity of the HLCs derived from pluripotent stem cells, they could provide a relative unlimited and consistent supply of cells with stable phenotype, that could be obtained from different donors, enabling the generation of a library of HLCs representative of the variability of human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain
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Weger BD, Gobet C, Yeung J, Martin E, Jimenez S, Betrisey B, Foata F, Berger B, Balvay A, Foussier A, Charpagne A, Boizet-Bonhoure B, Chou CJ, Naef F, Gachon F. The Mouse Microbiome Is Required for Sex-Specific Diurnal Rhythms of Gene Expression and Metabolism. Cell Metab 2019; 29:362-382.e8. [PMID: 30344015 PMCID: PMC6370974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock and associated feeding rhythms have a profound impact on metabolism and the gut microbiome. To what extent microbiota reciprocally affect daily rhythms of physiology in the host remains elusive. Here, we analyzed transcriptome and metabolome profiles of male and female germ-free mice. While mRNA expression of circadian clock genes revealed subtle changes in liver, intestine, and white adipose tissue, germ-free mice showed considerably altered expression of genes associated with rhythmic physiology. Strikingly, the absence of the microbiome attenuated liver sexual dimorphism and sex-specific rhythmicity. The resulting feminization of male and masculinization of female germ-free animals is likely caused by altered sexual development and growth hormone secretion, associated with differential activation of xenobiotic receptors. This defines a novel mechanism by which the microbiome regulates host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Weger
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jake Yeung
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Martin
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Jimenez
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Betrisey
- Cellular Metabolism, Department of Cell Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis Foata
- Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Berger
- Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Balvay
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Foussier
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Genomics, Department of Multi-Omics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR9002, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Chieh Jason Chou
- Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Zhan J, Liang Y, Liu D, Ma X, Li P, Liu C, Liu X, Wang P, Zhou Z. Antibiotics may increase triazine herbicide exposure risk via disturbing gut microbiota. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:224. [PMID: 30545405 PMCID: PMC6291969 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics are commonly used worldwide, and pesticide is a kind of xenobiotic to which humans are frequently exposed. The interactive impact of antibiotics on pesticides has rarely been studied. We aim to investigate the effects of antibiotics on the pesticide exposure risk and whether gut microbiota altered by antibiotics has an influence on pesticide bioavailability. Furthermore, we explored the mechanisms of gut microbiota affecting the fate of pesticides in the host. RESULTS The oral bioavailability of triazine herbicides significantly increased in the rats treated with ampicillin or antibiotic cocktails. The antibiotic-altered gut microbiota directly influenced the increased pesticide bioavailability through downregulating hepatic metabolic enzyme gene expression and upregulating intestinal absorption-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics could increase the pesticide bioavailability and thereby may increase the pesticide exposure risk. The antibiotic-altered gut microbiota that could alter the hepatic metabolic enzyme gene expression and intestinal absorption-related proteome was a critical cause of the increased bioavailability. This study revealed an undiscovered potential health impact of antibiotics and reminded people to consider the co-exposed xenobiotics when taking antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peize Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Dempsey J, Zhang A, Cui JY. Coordinate regulation of long non-coding RNAs and protein-coding genes in germ-free mice. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:834. [PMID: 30463508 PMCID: PMC6249886 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as regulators of tissue-specific cellular functions and have been shown to regulate transcriptional and translational processes, acting as signals, decoys, guides, and scaffolds. It has been suggested that some lncRNAs act in cis to regulate the expression of neighboring protein-coding genes (PCGs) in a mechanism that fine-tunes gene expression. Gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a regulator of development, inflammation, host metabolic processes, and xenobiotic metabolism. However, there is little known regarding whether the gut microbiome modulates lncRNA gene expression in various host metabolic organs. The goals of this study were to 1) characterize the tissue-specific expression of lncRNAs and 2) identify and annotate lncRNAs differentially regulated in the absence of gut microbiome. RESULTS Total RNA was isolated from various tissues (liver, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle) from adult male conventional and germ-free mice (n = 3 per group). RNA-Seq was conducted and reads were mapped to the mouse reference genome (mm10) using HISAT. Transcript abundance and differential expression was determined with Cufflinks using the reference databases NONCODE 2016 for lncRNAs and UCSC mm10 for PCGs. Although the constitutive expression of lncRNAs was ubiquitous within the enterohepatic (liver and intestine) and the peripheral metabolic tissues (fat and muscle) in conventional mice, differential expression of lncRNAs by lack of gut microbiota was highly tissue specific. Interestingly, the majority of gut microbiota-regulated lncRNAs were in jejunum. Most lncRNAs were co-regulated with neighboring PCGs. STRING analysis showed that differentially expressed PCGs in proximity to lncRNAs form tissue-specific networks, suggesting that lncRNAs may interact with gut microbiota/microbial metabolites to regulate tissue-specific functions. CONCLUSIONS This study is among the first to demonstrate that gut microbiota critically regulates the expression of lncRNAs not only locally in intestine but also remotely in other metabolic organs, suggesting that common transcriptional machinery may be shared to transcribe lncRNA-PCG pairs, and lncRNAs may interact with PCGs to regulate tissue-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dempsey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Angela Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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Li CY, Cui JY. Regulation of protein-coding gene and long noncoding RNA pairs in liver of conventional and germ-free mice following oral PBDE exposure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201387. [PMID: 30067809 PMCID: PMC6070246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome communicates with the host liver to modify hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation and nutrient homeostasis. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental contaminants that are detected in fatty food, household dust, and human breast milk at worrisome levels. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as novel biomarkers for toxicological responses and may regulate the transcriptional/translational output of protein-coding genes (PCGs). However, very little is known regarding to what extent the interactions between PBDEs and gut microbiome modulate hepatic lncRNAs and PCGs, and what critical signaling pathways are impacted at the transcriptomic scale. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq in livers of nine-week-old male conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice orally exposed to the most prevalent PBDE congeners BDE-47 and BDE-99 (100 μmol/kg once daily for 4-days; vehicle: corn oil, 10 ml/kg), and unveiled key molecular pathways and PCG-lncRNA pairs targeted by PBDE-gut microbiome interactions. Lack of gut microbiome profoundly altered the PBDE-mediated transcriptomic response in liver, with the most prominent effect observed in BDE-99-exposed GF mice. The top pathways up-regulated by PBDEs were related to xenobiotic metabolism, whereas the top pathways down-regulated by PBDEs were in lipid metabolism and protein synthesis in both enterotypes. Genomic annotation of the differentially regulated lncRNAs revealed that majority of these lncRNAs overlapped with introns and 3'-UTRs of PCGs. Lack of gut microbiome profoundly increased the percentage of PBDE-regulated lncRNAs mapped to the 3'-UTRs of PCGs, suggesting the potential involvement of lncRNAs in increasing the translational efficiency of PCGs by preventing miRNA-3'-UTR binding, as a compensatory mechanism following toxic exposure to PBDEs. Pathway analysis of PCGs paired with lncRNAs revealed that in CV mice, BDE-47 regulated nucleic acid and retinol metabolism, as well as circadian rhythm; whereas BDE-99 regulated fatty acid metabolism. In GF mice, BDE-47 differentially regulated 19 lncRNA-PCG pairs that were associated with glutathione conjugation and transcriptional regulation. In contrast, BDE-99 up-regulated the xenobiotic-metabolizing Cyp3a genes, but down-regulated the fatty acid-metabolizing Cyp4 genes. Taken together, the present study reveals common and unique lncRNAs and PCG targets of PBDEs in mouse liver, and is among the first to show that lack of gut microbiome sensitizes the liver to toxic exposure of BDE-99 but not BDE-47. Therefore, lncRNAs may serve as specific biomarkers that differentiate various PBDE congeners as well as environmental chemical-mediated dysbiosis. Coordinate regulation of PCG-lncRNA pairs may serve as a more efficient molecular mechanism to combat against xenobiotic insult, and especially during dysbiosis-induced increase in the internal dose of toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Yanfei Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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46
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Wang R, Li H, Yang X, Xue X, Deng L, Shen J, Zhang M, Zhao L, Zhang C. Genetically Obese Human Gut Microbiota Induces Liver Steatosis in Germ-Free Mice Fed on Normal Diet. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1602. [PMID: 30079055 PMCID: PMC6062601 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiotic gut microbiota contributes to genetically obese phenotype in human. However, the effect of genetic obesity-associated gut microbiota on host hepatic metabolic deteriorations remains largely unknown. Gut microbiota from a genetically obese human donor before and after a dietary weight loss program was transplanted into germ-free C57BL/6J male mice, grouped as PreM and PostM groups, respectively. The gut microbiome, liver pathology and transcriptome response in the gnotobiotic mice were evaluated. After being fed on normal chow diet for 4 weeks, PreM group developed liver macrovesicular steatosis accompanied with higher concentrations of hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol, while PostM group exhibited normal hepatic physiology. The gut microbiota in PreM and PostM groups was significantly different from each other and was more resembling with their respective donor. RNA-sequencing revealed that, in comparison with PostM group, PreM group showed a foregoing pro-steatotic transcriptional response in liver featuring by the repression of lipid beta-oxidation and the activation of lipid absorption and cholesterol uptake before the pathology of liver steatosis. Moreover, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which was repressed in PreM group, may act as crucial regulator of the hepatic transcriptional profile of lipid metabolism between two groups. Our results show that gut microbiota from a genetically obese human promotes the onset of liver steatosis by impacting hepatic transcriptional profile of lipid metabolism in mice. This adds new evidence that gut microbiota may play a causative role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhe Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liman Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Khojasteh SC, Miller GP, Mitra K, Rietjens IMCM. Biotransformation and bioactivation reactions - 2017 literature highlights *. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:221-255. [PMID: 29954222 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1473875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This annual review is the third one to highlight recent advances in the study and assessment of biotransformations and bioactivations ( Table 1 ). We followed the same format as the previous years with selection and authoring each section (see Baillie et al. 2016 ; Khojasteh et al. 2017 ). We acknowledge that many universities no longer train students in mechanistic biotransformation studies reflecting a decline in the investment for those efforts by public funded granting institutions. We hope this work serves as a resource to appreciate the knowledge gained each year to understand and hopefully anticipate toxicological outcomes dependent on biotransformations and bioactivations. This effort itself also continues to evolve. I am pleased that Drs. Rietjens and Miller have again contributed to this annual review. We would like to welcome Kaushik Mitra as an author for this year's issue, and we thank Deepak Dalvie for his contributions to last year's edition. We have intentionally maintained a balance of authors such that two come from an academic setting and two come from industry. As always, please drop us a note if you find this review helpful. We would be pleased to hear your opinions of our commentary, and we extend an invitation to anyone who would like to contribute to a future edition of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cyrus Khojasteh
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Grover P Miller
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Kaushik Mitra
- c Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources , Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), Merck & Co., Inc , West Point , PA , USA
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Li CY, Dempsey JL, Wang D, Lee S, Weigel KM, Fei Q, Bhatt DK, Prasad B, Raftery D, Gu H, Cui JY. PBDEs Altered Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Homeostasis in Male C57BL/6 Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1226-1240. [PMID: 29769268 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental contaminants with well characterized toxicities in host organs. Gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of xenobiotic biotransformation; however, little is known about its interactions with PBDEs. Primary bile acids (BAs) are metabolized by the gut microbiome into more lipophilic secondary BAs that may be absorbed and interact with certain host receptors. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that PBDEs cause dysbiosis and aberrant regulation of BA homeostasis. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice were orally gavaged with corn oil (10 mg/kg), BDE-47 (100 μmol/kg), or BDE-99 (100 μmol/kg) once daily for 4 days (n = 3-5/group). Gut microbiome was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing of the large intestinal content in CV mice. Both BDE-47 and BDE-99 profoundly decreased the alpha diversity of gut microbiome and differentially regulated 45 bacterial species. Both PBDE congeners increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Erysipelotrichaceae Allobaculum spp., which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antiobesity functions. Targeted metabolomics of 56 BAs was conducted in serum, liver, and small and large intestinal content of CV and GF mice. BDE-99 increased many unconjugated BAs in multiple biocompartments in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. This correlated with an increase in microbial 7α-dehydroxylation enzymes for secondary BA synthesis and increased expression of host intestinal transporters for BA absorption. Targeted proteomics showed that PBDEs downregulated host BA-synthesizing enzymes and transporters in livers of CV but not GF mice. In conclusion, there is a novel interaction between PBDEs and the endogenous BA-signaling through modification of the "gut-liver axis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Yanfei Li
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Joseph L Dempsey
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - SooWan Lee
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Kris M Weigel
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Qiang Fei
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Deepak Kumar Bhatt
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
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Chen C, Soto-Gutierrez A, Baptista PM, Spee B. Biotechnology Challenges to In Vitro Maturation of Hepatic Stem Cells. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1258-1272. [PMID: 29428334 PMCID: PMC6237283 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of liver disease is increasing globally. The only curative therapy for severe end-stage liver disease, liver transplantation, is limited by the shortage of organ donors. In vitro models of liver physiology have been developed and new technologies and approaches are progressing rapidly. Stem cells might be used as a source of liver tissue for development of models, therapies, and tissue-engineering applications. However, we have been unable to generate and maintain stable and mature adult liver cells ex vivo. We review factors that promote hepatocyte differentiation and maturation, including growth factors, transcription factors, microRNAs, small molecules, and the microenvironment. We discuss how the hepatic circulation, microbiome, and nutrition affect liver function, and the criteria for considering cells derived from stem cells to be fully mature hepatocytes. We explain the challenges to cell transplantation and consider future technologies for use in hepatic stem cell maturation, including 3-dimensional biofabrication and genome modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas, Madrid, Spain; Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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50
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Morgan ET, Dempsey JL, Mimche SM, Lamb TJ, Kulkarni S, Cui JY, Jeong H, Slitt AL. Physiological Regulation of Drug Metabolism and Transport: Pregnancy, Microbiome, Inflammation, Infection, and Fasting. Drug Metab Dispos 2018. [PMID: 29514828 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is a report on a symposium entitled "Physiological Regulation of Drug Metabolism and Transport" sponsored by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and held at the Experimental Biology 2017 meeting in Chicago, IL. The contributions of physiologic and pathophysiological regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters to interindividual variability in drug metabolism are increasingly recognized but in many cases are not well understood. The presentations herein discuss the phenomenology, consequences, and mechanism of such regulation. CYP2D6 transgenic mice were used to provide insights into the mechanism of regulation of this enzyme in pregnancy, via hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, small heterodimer partner, and retinoids. Regulation of intestinal and hepatic drug-processing enzymes by the intestinal microbiota via tryptophan and its metabolites was investigated. The potential impact of parasitic infections on human drug metabolism and clearance was assessed in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni or Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS, both of which produced widespread and profound effects on murine hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Finally, the induction of Abcc drug efflux transporters by fasting was investigated. This was demonstrated to occur via a cAMP, protein kinase A/nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/Sirtuin 1 pathway via antioxidant response elements on the Abcc genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (E.T.M., S.M.M.); Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.J.L.); Department of Pharmacy Practice and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (H.J., J.L.D.); Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.L.D., J.Y.C.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S., S.K.)
| | - Joseph L Dempsey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (E.T.M., S.M.M.); Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.J.L.); Department of Pharmacy Practice and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (H.J., J.L.D.); Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.L.D., J.Y.C.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S., S.K.)
| | - Sylvie M Mimche
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (E.T.M., S.M.M.); Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.J.L.); Department of Pharmacy Practice and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (H.J., J.L.D.); Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.L.D., J.Y.C.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S., S.K.)
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (E.T.M., S.M.M.); Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.J.L.); Department of Pharmacy Practice and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (H.J., J.L.D.); Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.L.D., J.Y.C.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S., S.K.)
| | - Supriya Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (E.T.M., S.M.M.); Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.J.L.); Department of Pharmacy Practice and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (H.J., J.L.D.); Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.L.D., J.Y.C.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S., S.K.)
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (E.T.M., S.M.M.); Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.J.L.); Department of Pharmacy Practice and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (H.J., J.L.D.); Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.L.D., J.Y.C.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S., S.K.)
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (E.T.M., S.M.M.); Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.J.L.); Department of Pharmacy Practice and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (H.J., J.L.D.); Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.L.D., J.Y.C.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S., S.K.)
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (E.T.M., S.M.M.); Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.J.L.); Department of Pharmacy Practice and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (H.J., J.L.D.); Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.L.D., J.Y.C.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S., S.K.)
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