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Ismail OI, Hassanin HM. Ameliorative effects of gallic acid on tebuconazole-induced adverse effects in the cerebellum of adult albino rats: histopathological and immunohistochemical evidence. Ultrastruct Pathol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39105544 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2024.2387685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a common triazole sterol demethylation inhibitor fungicide utilized to manage a variety of diseases in crops like cereals, fruits, and vegetables. The aim of this work was to assess the effects of TEB on the structure of the cerebellum in adult albino rats and possible protective impact of co-administration of Gallic acid (GA). Four groups of forty adult male albino rats were randomly selected, and the rats in group I received corn oil through daily gavage for 4 weeks. Group II received GA dissolved in the normal saline at a dose of 100 mg/kg through daily gavage for 4 weeks, group III administered with TEB dissolved in corn oil at its acceptable daily intake dose (0.02 mg/kg body weight) through daily gavage for 4 weeks, group IV rats received both TEB and GA. For light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical investigations, cerebellar specimens were prepared. TEB exposure led to neuronal damage in the form of degenerated Purkinje cells with vacuolated cytoplasm, areas of lost Purkinje cells, the basket cells appeared vacuolated with degenerated neuropil, the granule cells clumped with congested areas between them, dilated cerebellar islands, weak positive bcl2 immunoreactions in the Purkinje cells, and numerous GFAP-positive astrocytes. GA mitigated TEB-mediated histological changes in the cerebellar cortex. We concluded that TEB caused Purkinje neurons in the rat cerebellar cortex to degenerate and undergo apoptosis. GA had a neuroprotective benefit against TEB toxicity in the rat cerebellar cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia I Ismail
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hala Mohamed Hassanin
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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2
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Hua X, Liang G, Chao J, Wang D. Exposure to 6-PPD quinone causes damage on mitochondrial complex I/II associated with lifespan reduction in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134598. [PMID: 38743975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ) is an emerging pollutant transformed from 6-PPD. However, the effect of 6-PPDQ exposure on mitochondrion and underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as animal model, exposed to 6-PPDQ at 0.1-10 μg/L was performed form L1 larvae to adult day-1. Exposure to 6-PPDQ (1 and 10 μg/L) could increase oxygen consumption rate and decease adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content, suggesting induction of mitochondrial dysfunction. Activities of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) were inhibited, accompanied by a decrease in expressions of gas-1, nuo-1, and mev-1. RNAi of gas-1 and mev-1 enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced lifespan of 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes. GAS-1 and MEV-1 functioned in parallel to regulate 6-PPDQ toxicity to reduce the lifespan. Insulin peptides and the insulin signaling pathway acted downstream of GAS-1 and MEV-1 to control the 6-PPDQ toxicity on longevity. Moreover, RNAi of sod-2 and sod-3, targeted genes of daf-16, caused susceptibility to 6-PPDQ toxicity in reducing lifespan and in causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Therefore, 6-PPDQ at environmentally relevant concentrations (ERCs) potentially caused mitochondrial dysfunction by affecting mitochondrial complexes I and II, which was associated with lifespan reduction by affecting insulin signaling in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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3
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Zhou Y, Wang C, Nie Y, Wu L, Xu A. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene causes mitochondrial toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans by affecting electron transport. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118820. [PMID: 38555093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
As a typical energetic compound widely used in military activities, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has attracted great attention in recent years due to its heavy pollution and wide distribution in and around the training facilities, firing ranges, and demolition sites. However, the subcellular targets and the underlying toxic mechanism of TNT remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the toxic effects of TNT biological reduction on the mitochondrial function and homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). With short-term exposure of L4 larvae, 10-1000 ng/mL TNT reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, which was associated with decreased expression of specific mitochondrial complex involving gas-1 and mev-1 genes. Using fluorescence-labeled transgenic nematodes, we found that fluorescence expression of sod-3 (muls84) and gst-4 (dvls19) was increased, suggesting that TNT disrupted the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, 10 ng/mL TNT exposure increased the expression of the autophagy-related gene pink-1 and activated mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR), which was indicated by the increased expression of mitochondrial stress activated transcription factor atfs-1, ubiquitin-like protein ubl-5, and homeobox protein dve-1. Our findings demonstrated that TNT biological reduction caused mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of mt UPR protective stress responses, and provided a basis for determining the potential risks of energetic compounds to living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhou
- Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
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4
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Park Y, Kang HG, Kang SJ, Ku HO, Zarbl H, Fang MZ, Park JH. Combined use of multiparametric high-content-screening and in vitro circadian reporter assays in neurotoxicity evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1485-1498. [PMID: 38483585 PMCID: PMC10965668 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic circadian rhythm disruption is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases induced by exposure to neurotoxic chemicals. Herein, we examined the relationship between cellular circadian rhythm disruption and cytotoxicity in neural cells. Moreover, we evaluated the potential application of an in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay in determining circadian rhythm disruption as a sensitive and early marker of neurotoxicant-induced adverse effects. To explore these objectives, we established an in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay using human glioblastoma (U87 MG) cells stably transfected with a circadian reporter vector (PER2-dLuc) and determined the lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) of several common neurotoxicants. Additionally, we determined the LOAEL of each compound on multiple cytotoxicity endpoints (nuclear size [NC], mitochondrial membrane potential [MMP], calcium ions, or lipid peroxidation) using a multiparametric high-content screening (HCS) assay using transfected U87 MG cells treated with the same neurotoxicants for 24 and 72 h. Based on our findings, the LOAEL for cellular circadian rhythm disruption for most chemicals was slightly higher than that for most cytotoxicity indicators detected using HCS, and the LOAEL for MMP in the first 24 h was the closest to that for cellular circadian rhythm disruption. Dietary antioxidants (methylselenocysteine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine) prevented or restored neurotoxicant-induced cellular circadian rhythm disruption. Our results suggest that cellular circadian rhythm disruption is as sensitive as cytotoxicity indicators and occurs early as much as cytotoxic events during disease development. Moreover, the in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay warrants further evaluation as an early screening tool for neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngil Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
| | - Hwan-Goo Kang
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Semyung University, 65, Semyung Ro, Jecheon, Chungcheongbuk‑do, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Ku
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposure and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Ming-Zhu Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposure and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Abdelhafez HEDH, Abdallah AA, Abdel-Razik RK, Hamed NA, Elshatory A, Awad W, Khalaf AAA, Mekkawy AM. Sex comparison of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis triggers induced by single-dose Abamectin in albino rats. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105903. [PMID: 38685225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Abamectin (AB) is widely used in agriculture and has been employed as an insecticide, nematicide, and livestock pest control agent. However, it may also pose a serious threat to mammals. The primary purpose of this research was to compare the sex variations between male and female rats during exposure and to assess the risk of toxicity of abamectin, which are still largely unknown. The twenty albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 5): 1) the male control group; 2) the male treatment group treated with AB (1 mg/kg B.W.); 3) the female control group; and 4) the female treatment group treated with AB (1 mg/kg B.W.). AB administration caused a drop in body weight in females more than males with showing oxidative stress in both sexes of animals, as characterized by an increase in MDA content and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Reported sex-specific effects suggested that females are more susceptible from males in brain tissues for alteration of antioxidant markers while females' liver and kidney tissues showed more level of lipid peroxidation than males. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with a significant decrease in NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) and a significant decrease in mitochondrial ATPase, which led to apoptosis and histopathological alterations in the targeted tissues, indicating that females are higher sensitive than males to these biological events. In brief, the results of this study led to female rats are generally more sensitive than male rats to neurobehavioral and hepatic complications associated with abamectin treatment. Further evaluation should be performed to determine the adverse outcome pathways involved and to determine the effects of sex on improving the risk assessment of abamectin in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam El Din H Abdelhafez
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr A Abdallah
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reda K Abdel-Razik
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Hamed
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshatory
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Walaa Awad
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Abo El-Reesh Al Mounira Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Azeim A Khalaf
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya M Mekkawy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Cheng Q, Liu QQ, Lu CA. A state-of-the-science review of using mitochondrial DNA copy number as a biomarker for environmental exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123642. [PMID: 38402934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles in eukaryotes, and contain their own genomes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), to supply energy to cells by generating ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the threat to mitochondria' integrity and health resulting from environmental exposure could induce adverse health effects in organisms. In this review, we summarized the association between mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn), and environmental exposures as reported in the literature. We conducted a literature search in the Web of Science using [Mitochondrial DNA copy number] and [Exposure] as two keywords and employed three selection criteria for the final inclusion of 97 papers for review. The consensus of data was that mtDNAcn could be used as a plausible biomarker for cumulative exposures to environmental chemical and physical agents. In order to furtherly expand the application of mtDNAcn in ecological and environmental health research, we suggested a series of algorithms aiming to standardize the calculation of mtDNAcn based on the PCR results in this review. We also discussed the pitfalls of using whole blood/plasma samples for mtDNAcn measurements and regard buccal cells a plausible and practical alternative. Finally, we recognized the importance of better understanding the mechanistic analysis and regulatory mechanism of mtDNAcn, in particular the signals release and regulation pathways. We believe that the development of using mtDNAcn as an exposure biomarker will revolutionize the evaluation of chronic sub-lethal toxicity of chemicals to organisms in ecological and environmental health research that has not yet been implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Qing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Alex Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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7
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Charrasse S, Racine V, Saint-Omer C, Poquillon T, Lionnard L, Ledru M, Gonindard C, Delaunois S, Kissa K, Frye RE, Pastore M, Reynes C, Frechet M, Chajra H, Aouacheria A. Quantitative imaging and semiotic phenotyping of mitochondrial network morphology in live human cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301372. [PMID: 38547143 PMCID: PMC10977735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria in tissue homeostasis, stress responses and human diseases, combined to their ability to transition between various structural and functional states, makes them excellent organelles for monitoring cell health. There is therefore a need for technologies to accurately analyze and quantify changes in mitochondrial organization in a variety of cells and cellular contexts. Here we present an innovative computerized method that enables accurate, multiscale, fast and cost-effective analysis of mitochondrial shape and network architecture from confocal fluorescence images by providing more than thirty features. In order to facilitate interpretation of the quantitative results, we introduced two innovations: the use of Kiviat-graphs (herein named MitoSpider plots) to present highly multidimensional data and visualization of the various mito-cellular configurations in the form of morphospace diagrams (called MitoSigils). We tested our fully automated image analysis tool on rich datasets gathered from live normal human skin cells cultured under basal conditions or exposed to specific stress including UVB irradiation and pesticide exposure. We demonstrated the ability of our proprietary software (named MitoTouch) to sensitively discriminate between control and stressed dermal fibroblasts, and between normal fibroblasts and other cell types (including cancer tissue-derived fibroblasts and primary keratinocytes), showing that our automated analysis captures subtle differences in morphology. Based on this novel algorithm, we report the identification of a protective natural ingredient that mitigates the deleterious impact of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on mitochondrial organization. Hence we conceived a novel wet-plus-dry pipeline combining cell cultures, quantitative imaging and semiotic analysis for exhaustive analysis of mitochondrial morphology in living adherent cells. Our tool has potential for broader applications in other research areas such as cell biology and medicine, high-throughput drug screening as well as predictive and environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Victor Racine
- QuantaCell SAS, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Saint-Omer
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Titouan Poquillon
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- QuantaCell SAS, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Lionnard
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Ledru
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Karima Kissa
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard E. Frye
- Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, United States America
| | - Manuela Pastore
- STATABIO BioCampus, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Reynes
- STATABIO BioCampus, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Abdel Aouacheria
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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8
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Yao Y, Zhang T, Tang M. Toxicity mechanism of engineered nanomaterials: Focus on mitochondria. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123231. [PMID: 38154775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are widely used in various fields. This has exacerbated the environmental pollution and human exposure of ENMs. The study of toxicity of ENMs and its mechanism has become a hot research topic in recent years. Mitochondrial damage plays an important role in the toxicity of ENMs. This paper reviews the structural damage, dysfunction, and molecular level perturbations caused by different ENMs to mitochondria, including ZnO NPs, Ag NPs, TiO2 NPs, iron oxide NPs, cadmium-based quantum dots, CuO NPs, silica NPs, carbon-based nanomaterials. Among them, mitochondrial quality control plays an important role in mitochondrial damage. We further summarize the cellular level outcomes caused by mitochondrial damage, mainly including, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and inflammation response. In addition, we concluded that reducing mitochondrial damage at source as well as accelerating recovery from mitochondrial damage through ENMs modification and pharmacological intervention are two feasible strategies. This review further provides new insights into the mitochondrial toxicity mechanisms of ENMs and provides a new foothold for predicting human health and environmental risks of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Salimi A, Khezri S, Azizian S, Kamrani V, Amir Jahadi N, Shahedi M. Evaluation of in vitro effects of ifosfamide drug on mitochondrial functions using isolated mitochondria obtained from vital organs. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23570. [PMID: 37929796 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity has been shown to contribute to a variety of organ toxicities such as, brain, heart, kidney, and liver. Ifosfamide (IFO) as an anticancer drug, is associated with increased risk of neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and hemorrhagic cystitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of IFO on isolated mitochondria obtained from the rat brain, heart, kidney, and liver. Mitochondria were isolated with mechanical lysis and differential centrifugation from different organs and treated with various concentrations of IFO. Using biochemical and flowcytometry assays, we evaluated mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Our data showed that IFO did not cause deleterious alterations in mitochondrial functions, mitochondrial swelling, lipid peroxidation ROS formation, and MMP collapse in mitochondria isolated from brain, heart, kidney, and liver. Altogether, the data showed that IFO is not directly toxic in mitochondria isolated from brain, heart, kidney, and liver. This study proved that mitochondria alone does not play the main role in the toxicity of IFO, and suggests to reduce the toxicity of this drug, other pathways resulting in the production of toxic metabolites should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sepideh Azizian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vida Kamrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nima Amir Jahadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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10
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De la Rosa MVG, Patel D, McCann MR, Stringer KA, Rosania GR. Database screening as a strategy to identify endogenous candidate metabolites to probe and assess mitochondrial drug toxicity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22013. [PMID: 38086883 PMCID: PMC10716408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are considered an inherent risk of medication use, and some ADRs have been associated with off-target drug interactions with mitochondria. Metabolites that reflect mitochondrial function may help identify patients at risk of mitochondrial toxicity. We employed a database strategy to identify candidate mitochondrial metabolites that could be clinically useful to identify individuals at increased risk of mitochondrial-related ADRs. This led to L-carnitine being identified as the candidate mitochondrial metabolite. L-carnitine, its acetylated metabolite, acetylcarnitine and other acylcarnitines are mitochondrial biomarkers used to detect inborn errors of metabolism. We hypothesized that changes in L-carnitine disposition, induced by a "challenge test" of intravenous L-carnitine, could identify mitochondrial-related ADRs by provoking variation in L-carnitine and/or acetylcarnitine blood levels. To test this hypothesis, we induced mitochondrial drug toxicity with clofazimine (CFZ) in a mouse model. Following CFZ treatment, mice received an L-carnitine "challenge test". CFZ-induced changes in weight were consistent with previous work and reflect CFZ-induced catabolism. L-carnitine induced differences in whole blood acetylcarnitine concentrations in a manner that was dependent on CFZ treatment. This supports the usefulness of a database strategy for the discovery of candidate metabolite biomarkers of drug toxicity and substantiates the potential of the L-carnitine "challenge test" as a "probe" to identify drug-related toxicological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Vet George De la Rosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Dipali Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Marc R McCann
- The NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kathleen A Stringer
- The NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gus R Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
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Li X, Duan X, Wang W. MEG3 polymorphisms associated with peripheral blood leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number in PAHs-exposure workers. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140335. [PMID: 37778642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN). Long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is involved in mitochondrial function regulation. However, it is unknown whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the MEG3 can regulate the mtDNAcn in PAHs exposed populations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of MEG3 genetic polymorphisms on the mtDNA-CN in PAHs exposed populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 544 coke oven workers and 238 controls using random cluster sampling. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the concentrations of four OH-PAHs (1-hydroxypyrene [1-OHPyr], 1-hydroxynathalene [1-OHNap], 2-hydroxynathalene [2-OHNap], and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene [3-OHPhe]) in urine. The mtDNA-CN of peripheral blood leukocytes was measured using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Sequenom Mass ARRAY matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry platform was used to detect ten polymorphisms in MEG3. RESULTS The OH-PAHs levels in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The mtDNA-CN in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). A linear regression model revealed that PAHs-exposure (β [95% confidence interval, CI], -0.428 [-0.475, -0.381], P < 0.001), male gender (-0.052 [-0.098, -0.005], P = 0.029), genotype TT for MEG3 rs11859 (-0.088 [-0.142, -0.035], P = 0.001), and genotype GG for MEG3 rs7155428 (-0.114 [-0.210, -0.017], P = 0.021) were associated with decreased mtDNA-CN. CONCLUSION PAHs-exposure, male gender, genotype TT for rs11859, and genotype GG for rs7155428 were risk factors for mtDNA-CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.
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12
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Lalwani P, King DE, Morton KS, Rivera NA, Huayta J, Hsu-Kim H, Meyer JN. Increased cytotoxicity of Pb 2+ with co-exposures to a mitochondrial uncoupler and mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1743-1751. [PMID: 37503664 PMCID: PMC10681630 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) is an important developmental toxicant. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) imports calcium ions using the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and also appears to mediate the influx of Pb2+ into the mitochondria. Since our environment contains mixtures of toxic agents, it is important to consider multi-chemical exposures. To begin to develop generalizable, predictive models of interactive toxicity, we developed mechanism-based hypotheses about interactive effects of Pb2+ with other chemicals. To test these hypotheses, we exposed HepG2 (human liver) cells to Pb2+ alone and in mixtures with other mitochondria-damaging chemicals: carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler that reduces MMP, and Ruthenium Red (RuRed), a dye that inhibits the MCU. After 24 hours, Pb2+ alone, the mixture of Pb2+ and RuRed, and the mixture of Pb2+ and FCCP caused no decrease in cell viability. However, the combination of all three exposures led to a significant decrease in cell viability at higher Pb2+ concentrations. After 48 hours, the co-exposure to elevated Pb2+ concentrations and FCCP caused a significant decrease in cell viability, and the mixture of all three showed a clear dose-response curve with significant decreases in cell viability across a range of Pb2+ concentrations. We performed ICP-MS analyses on isolated mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions and found no differences in Pb2+ uptake across exposure groups, ruling out altered cellular uptake as the mechanism for interactive toxicity. We assessed MMP following exposure and observed a decrease in membrane potential that corresponds to loss of cell viability but is likely not sufficient to be the causative mechanistic driver of cell death. This research provides a mechanistically-based framework for understanding Pb2+ toxicity in mixtures with mitochondrial toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Lalwani
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A354 LSRC Building, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Dillon E King
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A354 LSRC Building, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Katherine S Morton
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A354 LSRC Building, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | | | - Javier Huayta
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A354 LSRC Building, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | | | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A354 LSRC Building, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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13
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Charrasse S, Poquillon T, Saint-Omer C, Pastore M, Bordignon B, Frye RE, Reynes C, Racine V, Aouacheria A. Quantitative assessment of mitochondrial morphology relevant for studies on cellular health and environmental toxicity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5609-5619. [PMID: 38047232 PMCID: PMC10690410 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that play crucial roles in cellular energy metabolism, calcium signaling and apoptosis. Their importance in tissue homeostasis and stress responses, combined to their ability to transition between various structural and functional states, make them excellent organelles for monitoring cellular health. Quantitative assessment of mitochondrial morphology can therefore provide valuable insights into environmentally-induced cell damage. High-content screening (HCS) provides a powerful tool for analyzing organelles and cellular substructures. We developed a fully automated and miniaturized HCS wet-plus-dry pipeline (MITOMATICS) exploiting mitochondrial morphology as a marker for monitoring cellular health or damage. MITOMATICS uses an in-house, proprietary software (MitoRadar) to enable fast, exhaustive and cost-effective analysis of mitochondrial morphology and its inherent diversity in live cells. We applied our pipeline and big data analytics software to assess the mitotoxicity of selected chemicals, using the mitochondrial uncoupler CCCP as an internal control. Six different pesticides (inhibiting complexes I, II and III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain) were tested as individual compounds and five other pesticides present locally in Occitanie (Southern France) were assessed in combination to determine acute mitotoxicity. Our results show that the assayed pesticides exhibit specific signatures when used as single compounds or chemical mixtures and that they function synergistically to impact mitochondrial architecture. Study of environment-induced mitochondrial damage has the potential to open new fields in mechanistic toxicology, currently underexplored by regulatory toxicology and exposome research. Such exploration could inform health policy guidelines and foster pharmacological intervention, water, air and soil pollution control and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Titouan Poquillon
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- QuantaCell SAS, Hôpital Saint Eloi, IRMB, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Saint-Omer
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuela Pastore
- STATABIO BioCampus, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Bordignon
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christelle Reynes
- STATABIO BioCampus, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Victor Racine
- QuantaCell SAS, Hôpital Saint Eloi, IRMB, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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14
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Silva MG, Oliveira MM, Peixoto F. Assessing micro and nanoplastics toxicity using rodent models: Investigating potential mitochondrial implications. Toxicology 2023; 499:153656. [PMID: 37879514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria's role as a central hub in cellular metabolism and signaling cascades is well established in the scientific community, being a classic marker of organisms' response to toxicant exposure. Nonetheless, little is known concerning the effects of emerging contaminants, such as microplastics, on mitochondrial metabolism. Micro- and nanoplastics present one of the major problems faced by modern societies. What was once an environmental problem is now recognized as an one-health issue, but little is known concerning microplastic impact on human health. Indeed, only recently, human exposure to microplastics was acknowledged by the World Health Organization, resulting in a growing interest in this research topic. Nonetheless, the mechanisms behind micro- and nanoplastics toxicity are yet to be understood. Animal models, nowadays, are the most appropriate approach to uncovering this knowledge gap. In the present review article, we explore investigations from the last two years using rodent models and reach to find the molecular mechanism behind micro- and nanoplastics toxicity and if mitochondria can act as a target. Although no research article has addressed the effects of mitochondria yet, reports have highlighted molecular and biochemical alterations that could be linked to mitochondrial function. Furthermore, certain studies described the effects of disruptions in mitochondrial metabolism, such as oxidative stress. Micro- and nanoplastics may, directly and indirectly, affect this vital organelle. Investigations concerning this topic should be encouraged once they can bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying these particles' harmful effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica G Silva
- Chemistry Research Centre (CQ-VR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Maria Manuel Oliveira
- Chemistry Research Centre (CQ-VR), Chemistry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- Chemistry Research Centre (CQ-VR), Biology and Environment Department University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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15
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Meyer JN, Pan WK, Ryde IT, Alexander T, Klein-Adams JC, Ndirangu DS, Falvo MJ. Bioenergetic function is decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of veterans with Gulf War Illness. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287412. [PMID: 37910447 PMCID: PMC10619881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a major health problem for approximately 250,000 Gulf War (GW) veterans, but the etiology of GWI is unclear. We hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important contributor to GWI, based on the similarity of some GWI symptoms to those occurring in some mitochondrial diseases; the plausibility that certain pollutants to which GW veterans were exposed affect mitochondria; mitochondrial effects observed in studies in laboratory models of GWI; and previous evidence of mitochondrial outcomes in studies in GW veterans. A primary role of mitochondria is generation of energy via oxidative phosphorylation. However, direct assessment of mitochondrial respiration, reflecting oxidative phosphorylation, has not been carried out in veterans with GWI. In this case-control observational study, we tested multiple measures of mitochondrial function and integrity in a cohort of 114 GW veterans, 80 with and 34 without GWI as assessed by the Kansas definition. In circulating white blood cells, we analyzed multiple measures of mitochondrial respiration and extracellular acidification, a proxy for non-aerobic energy generation; mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number; mtDNA damage; and nuclear DNA damage. We also collected detailed survey data on demographics; deployment; self-reported exposure to pesticides, pyridostigmine bromide, and chemical and biological warfare agents; and current biometrics, health and activity levels. We observed a 9% increase in mtDNA content in blood in veterans with GWI, but did not detect differences in DNA damage. Basal and ATP-linked oxygen consumption were respectively 42% and 47% higher in veterans without GWI, after adjustment for mtDNA amount. We did not find evidence for a compensatory increase in anaerobic energy generation: extracellular acidification was also lower in GWI (12% lower at baseline). A subset of 27 and 26 veterans returned for second and third visits, allowing us to measure stability of mitochondrial parameters over time. mtDNA CN, mtDNA damage, ATP-linked OCR, and spare respiratory capacity were moderately replicable over time, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.43, 0.44, 0.50, and 0.57, respectively. Other measures showed higher visit-to-visit variability. Many measurements showed lower replicability over time among veterans with GWI compared to veterans without GWI. Finally, we found a strong association between recalled exposure to pesticides, pyridostigmine bromide, and chemical and biological warfare agents and GWI (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Our results demonstrate decreased mitochondrial respiratory function as well as decreased glycolytic activity, both of which are consistent with decreased energy availability, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in veterans with GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel N. Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - William K. Pan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Ian T. Ryde
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Thomas Alexander
- Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, East Orange, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn C. Klein-Adams
- Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, East Orange, NJ, United States of America
| | - Duncan S. Ndirangu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, East Orange, NJ, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Falvo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, East Orange, NJ, United States of America
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States of America
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16
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Zhang R, Chen Z, Wang B, Li Y, Mu Y, Li X. Modeling and Insights into the Structural Characteristics of Chemical Mitochondrial Toxicity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31675-31682. [PMID: 37692239 PMCID: PMC10483523 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy metabolism center of cells and are involved in a number of other processes, such as cell differentiation and apoptosis, signal transduction, and regulation of cell cycle and cell proliferation. It is of great significance to evaluate the mitochondrial toxicity of drugs and other chemicals. In the present study, we aimed to propose easily available artificial intelligence (AI) models for the prediction of chemical mitochondrial toxicity and investigate the structural characteristics with the analysis of molecular properties and structural alerts. The consensus model achieved good predictive results with high total accuracy at 87.21% for validation sets. The models can be accessed freely via https://ochem.eu/article/158582. Besides, several commonly used chemical properties were significantly different between chemicals with and without mitochondrial toxicity. We also detected the structural alerts (SAs) responsible for mitochondrial toxicity and integrated them into the web-server SApredictor (www.sapredictor.cn). The study may provide useful tools for in silico estimation of mitochondrial toxicity and be helpful to understand the mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiu Zhang
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First
Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital,
Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric
Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and
Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First
Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital,
Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric
Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and
Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Department
of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan
Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First
Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital,
Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric
Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and
Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Mu
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First
Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital,
Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric
Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and
Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First
Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital,
Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric
Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and
Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
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17
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González-Arzola K, Díaz-Quintana A. Mitochondrial Factors in the Cell Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13656. [PMID: 37686461 PMCID: PMC10563088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of eukaryotic organisms involved the integration of mitochondria into the ancestor cell, with a massive gene transfer from the original proteobacterium to the host nucleus. Thus, mitochondrial performance relies on a mosaic of nuclear gene products from a variety of genomes. The concerted regulation of their synthesis is necessary for metabolic housekeeping and stress response. This governance involves crosstalk between mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and nuclear factors. While anterograde and retrograde regulation preserve mitochondrial homeostasis, the mitochondria can modulate a wide set of nuclear genes in response to an extensive variety of conditions, whose response mechanisms often merge. In this review, we summarise how mitochondrial metabolites and proteins-encoded either in the nucleus or in the organelle-target the cell nucleus and exert different actions modulating gene expression and the chromatin state, or even causing DNA fragmentation in response to common stress conditions, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, unfolded protein stress, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa—CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Sevilla—Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas—cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla—C.S.I.C, 41092 Seville, Spain
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18
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Del Giudice L, Pontieri P, Aletta M, Calcagnile M. Mitochondrial Neurodegenerative Diseases: Three Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins as Intermediate Stage in the Pathway That Associates Damaged Genes with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:972. [PMID: 37508402 PMCID: PMC10376763 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Currently, numerous research endeavors are dedicated to unraveling the intricate nature of neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are characterized by the gradual and progressive impairment of specific neuronal systems that exhibit anatomical or physiological connections. In particular, in the last twenty years, remarkable efforts have been made to elucidate neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, despite extensive research endeavors, no cure or effective treatment has been discovered thus far. With the emergence of studies shedding light on the contribution of mitochondria to the onset and advancement of mitochondrial neurodegenerative disorders, researchers are now directing their investigations toward the development of therapies. These therapies include molecules designed to protect mitochondria and neurons from the detrimental effects of aging, as well as mutant proteins. Our objective is to discuss and evaluate the recent discovery of three mitochondrial ribosomal proteins linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. These proteins represent an intermediate stage in the pathway connecting damaged genes to the two mitochondrial neurological pathologies. This discovery potentially could open new avenues for the production of medicinal substances with curative potential for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Del Giudice
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Pontieri
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Shabani M, Jamali Z, Bayrami D, Salimi A. Hesperidin via maintenance of mitochondrial function and antioxidant activity protects lithium toxicity in rat heart isolated mitochondria. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37369581 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2228521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorders (BD) and consumer electronics. It has been reported that lithium exposure is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in isolated cardiac mitochondria. Mitochondrial protection has a key role in myocardial tissue homeostasis, cardiomyocyte survival and inhibition of cardiotoxicity. Hesperidin as a flavanone and cardioprotective agent has shown high potential in antioxidant activity and restoration of mitochondrial dysfunction in different models. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of hesperidin against lithium-induced mitochondrial toxicity in rat cardiac mitochondria. Isolated mitochondria were classified into six groups; control, lithium carbonate (125 µM), three groups of lithium + hesperidin-treated received lithium (125 µM) and hesperidin with various concentrations (10, 50, and 100 µM) and hesperidin (100 µM). Succinate dehydrogenases (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. The mitochondria received lithium showed a significant reduction of SDH activity, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, induction of ROS formation and lipid peroxidation. However, we observed that the administration of hesperidin (50 and 100 µM) resulted in the increase of SDH activity, improved MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and reduced ROS formation and lipid peroxidation. Also, there were no obvious changes in cardiac mitochondria received of hesperidin. These findings suggest that hesperidin could reduce lithium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through antioxidant activities in cardiac mitochondria, may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of lithium toxicities, either as a drug to treat BD or as an environmental pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shabani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Deniz Bayrami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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20
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Okabe S, Tanaka Y, Moriyama M, Gotoh A. WEE1 and PARP-1 play critical roles in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:128. [PMID: 37370065 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal bone marrow disorder defined by cytopenia and is associated with an increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The outcome of MDS is poor, so alternative therapeutic approaches are needed to improve survival. The inhibition of the DNA damage response pathway, including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), has been approved to treat several cancers. In addition, WEE1, a nuclear kinase, is overexpressed in many cancers. Therefore, a WEE1 inhibitor combined with a PARP-1 inhibitor could inhibit the proliferation of MDS and AML. METHODS We analyzed whether WEE1 was regulated in the progression of MDS and AML. We also evaluated the efficacy of MK-1775 (WEE1 inhibitor) and talazoparib (PARP-1 inhibitor). RESULTS PARP-1 expression was higher in the AML cells than in the MDS cells. However, WEE1 expression remained unchanged. MK-1775 or talazoparib alone inhibited MDS and AML cells after 72 h, and cellular cytotoxicity and caspase 3/7 activity were increased. The combined use of MK-1775 and talazoparib produced superior efficacy than either drug alone and SKM-1 colony formation was reduced. Significant cell populations in the sub-G1 phase were found in the cell-cycle analyses. Additionally, γ-H2AX expression and caspase 3 activity were increased. The combined treatment also changed the mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS The combination of a WEE1 inhibitor and PARP-1 inhibitor had enhanced efficacy and is proposed as a new therapeutic option for patients with MDS or AML. Our findings have clinical implications for a potential novel therapeutic strategy for MDS and AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Okabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuko Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Moriyama
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gotoh
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Reed KJ, Landry GM. Diglycolic acid inhibits succinate dehydrogenase activity, depletes mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces inflammation in an SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma model of neurotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 463:116414. [PMID: 36754214 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diethylene glycol is a toxic industrial solvent resulting in a well-defined toxidrome. Diglycolic acid (DGA) has been identified as the metabolite responsible for the nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. These studies assess the mechanism of DGA-induced neurotoxicity, specifically addressing the known ability of DGA to chelate calcium (Ca2+) in solution and inhibit mitochondrial complex II. SH-SY5Y cells were seeded into 96-well plates to assess intracellular Ca2+ chelation, complex II activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP production, and release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β with 2-, 4-, 6-, 24-, and 48-h DGA exposure. Peak Ca2+ chelation occurred at 4 h in cells treated with 6.25-50 mM DGA; however, effects were transient. Complex II activity was significantly decreased at all DGA concentrations tested, with 12.5 mM DGA causing 80% inhibition and 25 and 50 mM DGA causing 97 and 100% inhibition, respectively. Subsequently, 12.5-50 mM DGA concentrations significantly decreased ΔΨm at all time points. 50 mM DGA significantly increased release of TNF-α and IL-1β after 24 and 48 h with significantly decreased ATP production observed at the same time points and concentration. These studies demonstrate that the DGA-induced mechanism of SH-SY5Y cell death involves complex II inhibition leading to mitochondrial depolarization, and subsequent ATP depletion with accompanying inflammatory cytokine release. These results indicate a direct mechanism of DGA-induced neurotoxicity in vitro, similarly observed in other DEG-affected target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi J Reed
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Greg M Landry
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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22
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Kumari R, Suneja A, Mehndiratta M, Guleria K, Malik R. Maternal Serum Vitamin E Levels and its Association with Cord Blood Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2023; 73:9-14. [PMID: 36879937 PMCID: PMC9984645 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-022-01684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Oxidative stress is one of the pathophysiological factors of pPROM and Vit. E being antioxidant may have preventive role. Study was conducted to estimate maternal serum vitamin E levels and cord blood oxidative stress markers in pPROM cases. Methods This was a case-control study including 40 pPROM cases and 40 controls. Maternal serum vitamin E levels were measured at recruitment. Cord blood was collected at delivery for estimation of telomere length and mtDNA copy number as oxidative stress markers. Levels were compared using student's t test or Mann Whitney test. For correlation Pearson coefficient was used. Results Maternal serum vitamin E levels were normal in pPROM cases. Cord blood telomere length was more in pPROM than controls (428.99 ± 290.65 vs 322.35 ± 180.33) (p value 0.05). Cord blood mtDNA copy number was more in pPROM than controls (516.46 ± 443.55 vs 384.77 ± 328.27) (p value 0.13) though it was not significant. mtDNA copy number had negative correlation with Vit. E levels but it was statistically not significant (p value 0.49). There was no association of vitamin E levels with telomere length (p value 0.95). Interpretation and Conclusion pPROM was not associated with vitamin E deficiency. There was insignificant oxidative stress in cord blood as measured by mtDNA copy number but cord blood telomere length measurement did not detect any oxidative stress in pPPROM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, 110095 Delhi India
| | - Amita Suneja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, 110095 Delhi India
| | - Mohit Mehndiratta
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, 110095 Delhi India
| | - Kiran Guleria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, 110095 Delhi India
| | - Rashmi Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, 110095 Delhi India
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23
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Hutter V, Hopper S, Skamarauskas J, Hoffman E. High content analysis of in vitro alveolar macrophage responses can provide mechanistic insight for inhaled product safety assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105506. [PMID: 36330929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the safety of inhaled substances in the alveolar region of the lung requires an understanding of how the respired material interacts with both physical and immunological barriers. Human alveolar-like macrophages in vitro provide a platform to assess the immunological response in the airways and may better inform the understanding of a response to an inhaled challenge being adaptive or adverse. The aim of this study was to determine if a morphometric phenotyping approach could discriminate between different inhaled nicotine products and indicate the potential mechanism of toxicity of a substance. Cigarette smoke (CS) and e-liquids extracted into cell culture medium were applied to human alveolar-like macrophages in mono-culture (ImmuONE™) and co-culture (ImmuLUNG™) to test the hypothesis. Phenotype profiling of cell responses was highly reproducible and clearly distinguished the different responses to CS and e-liquids. Whilst the phenotypes of untreated macrophages were similar regardless of culture condition, macrophages cultured in the presence of epithelial cells were more sensitive to CS-induced changes related to cell size and vacuolation processes. This technique demonstrated phenotypical observations typical for CS exposure and indicative of the established mechanisms of toxicity. The technique provides a rapid screening approach to determine detailed immunological responses in the airways which can be linked to potentially adverse pathways and support inhalation safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hutter
- ImmuONE Ltd, Science Building, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK; Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - S Hopper
- Thornton & Ross Ltd, Linthwaite, Huddersfield HD7 5QH, UK; School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Becket University, City Campus, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
| | - J Skamarauskas
- Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - E Hoffman
- ImmuONE Ltd, Science Building, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
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24
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Sivagurunathan N, Gnanasekaran P, Calivarathan L. Mitochondrial Toxicant-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease: What We Know so Far. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 13:1-13. [PMID: 36726995 PMCID: PMC9885882 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s361526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neuronal cells in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain. During biological aging, neuronal cells slowly undergo degeneration, but the rate of cell death increases tremendously under some pathological conditions, leading to irreversible neurodegenerative diseases. By the time symptoms of PD usually appear, more than 50 to 60% of neuronal cells have already been destroyed. PD symptoms often start with tremors, followed by slow movement, stiffness, and postural imbalance. The etiology of PD is still unknown; however, besides genetics, several factors contribute to neurodegenerative disease, including exposure to pesticides, environmental chemicals, solvents, and heavy metals. Postmortem brain tissues of patients with PD show mitochondrial abnormalities, including dysfunction of the electron transport chain. Most chemicals present in our environment have been shown to target the mitochondria; remarkably, patients with PD show a mild deficiency in NADH dehydrogenase activity, signifying a possible link between PD and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of electron transport complexes generates free radicals that further attack the macromolecules leading to neuropathological conditions. Apart from that, oxidative stress also causes neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration due to the activation of microglial cells. However, the mechanism that causes mitochondrial dysfunction, especially the electron transport chain, in the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear. This review discusses the recent updates and explains the possible mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicant-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadhaa Sivagurunathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Priyadharshini Gnanasekaran
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India,Correspondence: Latchoumycandane Calivarathan, Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology (Sponsored by DST-FIST), School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India, Tel +91-6381989116, Email
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25
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Atayik MC, Çakatay U. Mitochondria-associated cellular senescence mechanisms: Biochemical and pharmacological perspectives. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37437976 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Initially, endosymbiotic relation of mitochondria and other cellular compartments had been continued mutually. However, that evolutionary adaptation impaired because of the deterioration of endosymbiotic crosstalk due to aging and several pathological consequences in cellular redox status are seen, such as deterioration in redox integrity of mitochondria, interfered inter-organelle redox signaling and inefficient antioxidant response element mediated gene expression. Although the dysfunction of mitochondria is known to be a classical pattern of senescence, it is unresolved that why dysfunctional mitochondria is the core of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Redox impairment and SASP-related disease development are generally together with weaken immunity. Impaired mitochondrial redox integrity and its ineffectiveness in immunity control render elders to be more prone to age-related diseases. As senotherapeutic agents, senolytics remove senescent cells whilst senomorphics/senostatics inhibits the secretion of SASP. Senotherapeutics and the novel approaches for ameliorating SASP-related unfavorable effects are recently thought to be promising ways as mitochondria-targeted gerotherapeutic options.
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26
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Burgin H, Sharpe AJ, Nie S, Ziemann M, Crameri JJ, Stojanovski D, Pitt J, Ohtake A, Murayama K, McKenzie M. Loss of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation protein short-chain Enoyl-CoA hydratase disrupts oxidative phosphorylation protein complex stability and function. FEBS J 2023; 290:225-246. [PMID: 35962613 PMCID: PMC10087869 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 (ECHS1) is involved in the second step of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), catalysing the hydration of short-chain enoyl-CoA esters to short-chain 3-hyroxyl-CoA esters. Genetic deficiency in ECHS1 (ECHS1D) is associated with a specific subset of Leigh Syndrome, a disease typically caused by defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here, we examined the molecular pathogenesis of ECHS1D using a CRISPR/Cas9 edited human cell 'knockout' model and fibroblasts from ECHS1D patients. Transcriptome analysis of ECHS1 'knockout' cells showed reductions in key mitochondrial pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, receptor-mediated mitophagy and nucleotide biosynthesis. Subsequent proteomic analyses confirmed these reductions and revealed additional defects in mitochondrial oxidoreductase activity and fatty acid β-oxidation. Functional analysis of ECHS1 'knockout' cells showed reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates when metabolising glucose or OXPHOS complex I-linked substrates, as well as decreased complex I and complex IV enzyme activities. ECHS1 'knockout' cells also exhibited decreased OXPHOS protein complex steady-state levels (complex I, complex III2 , complex IV, complex V and supercomplexes CIII2 /CIV and CI/CIII2 /CIV), which were associated with a defect in complex I assembly. Patient fibroblasts exhibit varied reduction of mature OXPHOS complex steady-state levels, with defects detected in CIII2 , CIV, CV and the CI/CIII2 /CIV supercomplex. Overall, these findings highlight the contribution of defective OXPHOS function, in particular complex I deficiency, to the molecular pathogenesis of ECHS1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Burgin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Alice J Sharpe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jordan J Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Pitt
- Department of Paediatrics, Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics & Clinical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan.,Centre for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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27
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Zanotti S, Velardo D, Sciacco M. Traumatic Brain Injury Triggers Neurodegeneration in a Mildly Symptomatic MELAS Patient: Implications on the Detrimental Role of Damaged Mitochondria in Determining Head Trauma Sequalae in the General Population. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010046. [PMID: 36676971 PMCID: PMC9866020 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a maternally inherited genetic mitochondrial disease with a typical onset in the first two decades of life and a major involvement of central nervous system (CNS). We present the case of a man affected with an oligosymptomatic, genetically determined MELAS syndrome, whose clinical picture dramatically and irreversibly worsened following a mild head injury. We hypothesize that the CNS metabolic stress induced by the brain injury activated an irreversible cascade of events leading to progressive neurodegeneration because damaged mitochondria were unable to restore the balance between energy requirements and availability.
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28
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King DE, Sparling AC, Lloyd D, Satusky MJ, Martinez M, Grenier C, Bergemann CM, Maguire R, Hoyo C, Meyer JN, Murphy SK. Sex-specific DNA methylation and associations with in utero tobacco smoke exposure at nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1573-1589. [PMID: 35238269 PMCID: PMC9620986 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2043591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-linked differences in mitochondrial ATP production, enzyme activities, and reactive oxygen species generation have been reported in multiple tissue and cell types. While the effects of reproductive hormones underlie many of these differences, regulation of sexually dimorphic mitochondrial function has not been fully characterized. We hypothesized that sex-specific DNA methylation contributes to sex-specific expression of nuclear genes that influence mitochondrial function. Herein, we analysed DNA methylation data specifically focused on nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes in 191 males and 190 females. We found 596 differentially methylated sites (DMSs) (FDR p < 0.05), corresponding to 324 genes, with at least a 1% difference in methylation between sexes. To investigate the potential functional significance, we utilized gene expression microarray data. Of the 324 genes containing DMSs, 17 showed differences in gene expression by sex. Particularly striking was that ATP5G2, encoding subunit C of ATP synthase, contains seven DMSs and exhibits a sex difference in expression (p = 0.04). Finally, we also found that alterations in DNA methylation associated with in utero tobacco smoke exposure were sex-specific in these nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. Interestingly, the level of sex differences in DNA methylation at nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and the level of methylation changes associated with smoke exposure were less prominent than that of other genes. This suggests more conservative regulation of DNA methylation at these nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes as compared to others. Overall, our findings suggest that sex-specific DNA methylation may help establish sex differences in expression and function and that sex-specific alterations in DNA methylation in response to exposures could contribute to sex-variable toxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon E. King
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna Clare Sparling
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dillon Lloyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Joseph Satusky
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mackenzie Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carole Grenier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Rachel Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Joel Newman Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,CONTACT Susan K. Murphy 701 W. Main Street, Suite 510, Durham, NC27701, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center
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29
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Petricca S, Celenza G, Costagliola C, Tranfa F, Iorio R. Cytotoxicity, Mitochondrial Functionality, and Redox Status of Human Conjunctival Cells after Short and Chronic Exposure to Preservative-Free Bimatoprost 0.03% and 0.01%: An In Vitro Comparative Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214113. [PMID: 36430590 PMCID: PMC9695990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs), including bimatoprost (BIM), are generally the first-line therapy for glaucoma due to their greater efficacy, safety, and convenience of use. Commercial solutions of preservative-free BIM (BIM 0.03% and 0.01%) are already available, although their topical application may result in ocular discomfort. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of preservative-free BIM 0.03% vs. 0.01% in the human conjunctival epithelial (HCE) cell line. Our results showed that long-term exposure to BIM 0.03% ensues a significant decrease in cell proliferation and viability. Furthermore, these events were associated with cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and alterations of ΔΨm. BIM 0.01% does not exhibit cytotoxicity, and no negative influence on conjunctival cell growth and viability or mitochondrial activity has been observed. Short-time exposure also demonstrates the ability of BIM 0.03% to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial hyperpolarisation. An in silico drug network interaction was also performed to explore known and predicted interactions of BIM with proteins potentially involved in mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation. Our findings overall strongly reveal better cellular tolerability of BIM 0.01% vs. BIM 0.03% in HCE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celenza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, University of Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fausto Tranfa
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, University of Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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30
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Shen Y, Guo K, Ma A, Huang Z, Du J, Chen J, Lin Q, Wei C, Wang Z, Zhang F, Zhang J, Lin W, Feng N, Ma W. Mitochondrial toxicity evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injections with a dual in vitro approach. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1039235. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1039235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractA dual in vitro mitochondrial toxicity assay approach combing the conventional “glucose/galactose” assay in HepG2 cells with the cytotoxic assay in mitochondrial respiration deficient cells was established in this study. Using this platform, we systematically assessed the mitochondrial toxicity of TCM injections for the first time. Four TCM injections were identified with potential mitochondrial toxicity. Their toxic ingredients were predicted by molecular docking and validated by the dual in vitro approach.
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31
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Stimulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis with Deoxyribonucleosides Increases Functional Capacity in ECHS1-Deficient Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012610. [PMID: 36293464 PMCID: PMC9604038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective treatments for mitochondrial disease has seen the development of new approaches, including those that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis to boost ATP production. Here, we examined the effects of deoxyribonucleosides (dNs) on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in Short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 (ECHS1) ‘knockout’ (KO) cells, which exhibit combined defects in both oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). DNs treatment increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and the expression of mtDNA-encoded transcripts in both CONTROL (CON) and ECHS1 KO cells. DNs treatment also altered global nuclear gene expression, with key gene sets including ‘respiratory electron transport’ and ‘formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling’ increased in both CON and ECHS1 KO cells. Genes involved in OXPHOS complex I biogenesis were also upregulated in both CON and ECHS1 KO cells following dNs treatment, with a corresponding increase in the steady-state levels of holocomplex I in ECHS1 KO cells. Steady-state levels of OXPHOS complex V, and the CIII2/CIV and CI/CIII2/CIV supercomplexes, were also increased by dNs treatment in ECHS1 KO cells. Importantly, treatment with dNs increased both basal and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption in ECHS1 KO cells when metabolizing either glucose or the fatty acid palmitoyl-L-carnitine. These findings highlight the ability of dNs to improve overall mitochondrial respiratory function, via the stimulation mitochondrial biogenesis, in the face of combined defects in OXPHOS and FAO due to ECHS1 deficiency.
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32
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Leuthner T, Benzing L, Kohrn B, Bergemann C, Hipp M, Hershberger K, Mello D, Sokolskyi T, Stevenson K, Merutka I, Seay S, Gregory S, Kennedy S, Meyer J. Resistance of mitochondrial DNA to cadmium and Aflatoxin B1 damage-induced germline mutation accumulation in C. elegans. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8626-8642. [PMID: 35947695 PMCID: PMC9410910 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is prone to mutation in aging and over evolutionary time, yet the processes that regulate the accumulation of de novo mtDNA mutations and modulate mtDNA heteroplasmy are not fully elucidated. Mitochondria lack certain DNA repair processes, which could contribute to polymerase error-induced mutations and increase susceptibility to chemical-induced mtDNA mutagenesis. We conducted error-corrected, ultra-sensitive Duplex Sequencing to investigate the effects of two known nuclear genome mutagens, cadmium and Aflatoxin B1, on germline mtDNA mutagenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Detection of thousands of mtDNA mutations revealed pervasive heteroplasmy in C. elegans and that mtDNA mutagenesis is dominated by C:G → A:T mutations generally attributed to oxidative damage. However, there was no effect of either exposure on mtDNA mutation frequency, spectrum, or trinucleotide context signature despite a significant increase in nuclear mutation rate after aflatoxin B1 exposure. Mitophagy-deficient mutants pink-1 and dct-1 accumulated significantly higher levels of mtDNA damage compared to wild-type C. elegans after exposures. However, there were only small differences in mtDNA mutation frequency, spectrum, or trinucleotide context signature compared to wild-type after 3050 generations, across all treatments. These findings suggest mitochondria harbor additional previously uncharacterized mechanisms that regulate mtDNA mutational processes across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Laura Benzing
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brendan F Kohrn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Michael J Hipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Danielle F Mello
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tymofii Sokolskyi
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kevin Stevenson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Ilaria R Merutka
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sarah A Seay
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA,Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Scott R Kennedy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 919 613 8109;
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33
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Markovich ZR, Hartman JH, Ryde IT, Hershberger KA, Joyce AS, Ferguson PL, Meyer JN. Mild pentachlorophenol-mediated uncoupling of mitochondria depletes ATP but does not cause an oxidized redox state or dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100084. [PMID: 35957653 PMCID: PMC9361317 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in several diseases, including neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, there is uncertainty about which of the many mechanisms by which mitochondrial function can be disrupted may lead to neurodegeneration. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organic pollutant reported to cause mitochondrial dysfunction including oxidative stress and mitochondrial uncoupling. We investigated the effects of PCP exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans, including effects on mitochondria and dopaminergic neurons. We hypothesized that mild mitochondrial uncoupling by PCP would impair bioenergetics while decreasing oxidative stress, and therefore would not cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Results A 48-hour developmental exposure to PCP causing mild growth delay (∼10 % decrease in growth during 48 h, covering all larval stages) reduced whole-organism ATP content > 50 %, and spare respiratory capacity ∼ 30 %. Proton leak was also markedly increased. These findings suggest a main toxic mechanism of mitochondrial uncoupling rather than oxidative stress, which was further supported by a concomitant shift toward a more reduced cellular redox state measured at the whole organism level. However, exposure to PCP did not cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration, nor did it sensitize animals to a neurotoxic challenge with 6-hydroxydopamine. Whole-organism uptake and PCP metabolism measurements revealed low overall uptake of PCP in our experimental conditions (50 μM PCP in the liquid exposure medium resulted in organismal concentrations of < 0.25 μM), and no measurable production of the oxidative metabolites tetra-1,4-benzoquinone and tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone. Innovation This study provides new insights into the mechanistic interplay between mitochondrial uncoupling, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration in C. elegans. These findings support the premise of mild uncoupling-mediated neuroprotection, but are inconsistent with proposed broad "mitochondrial dysfunction"-mediated neurodegeneration models, and highlight the utility of the C. elegans model for studying mitochondrial and neurotoxicity. Conclusions Developmental exposure to pentachlorophenol causes gross toxicological effects (growth delay and arrest) at high levels. At a lower level of exposure, still causing mild growth delay, we observed mitochondrial dysfunction including uncoupling and decreased ATP levels. However, this was associated with a more-reduced cellular redox tone and did not exacerbate dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine, instead trending toward protection. These findings may be informative of efforts to define nuanced mitochondrial dysfunction-related adverse outcome pathways that will differ depending on the form of initial mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica H. Hartman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ian T. Ryde
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA
| | | | - Abigail S. Joyce
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Patrick L. Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA
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Avila-Rojas SH, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Sanchez-Guerra MA, Barbier OC. Effects of fluoride exposure on mitochondrial function: Energy metabolism, dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103916. [PMID: 35738460 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is ubiquitous in the environment. Furthermore, drinking water represents the main source of exposure to fluoride for humans. Interestingly, low fluoride concentrations have beneficial effects on bone and teeth development; however, chronic fluoride exposure has harmful effects on human health. Besides, preclinical studies associate fluoride toxicity with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. On the other hand, it is well-known that mitochondria play a key role in reactive oxygen species production. By contrast, fluoride's effect on processes such as mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy are little known. These processes modulate the size, content, and distribution of mitochondria and their depuration help to counter the reactive oxygen species production and cytochrome c release, thereby allowing cell survival. However, a maladaptive response could enhance fluoride-induced toxicity. The present review gives a brief account of fluoride-induced mitochondrial alterations on soft and hard tissues, including liver, reproductive organs, heart, brain, lung, kidney, bone, and tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Hazael Avila-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Departamento de Toxicología (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, México CP 07360, Mexico.
| | | | - Marco Antonio Sanchez-Guerra
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Mexico 1100, Mexico.
| | - Olivier Christophe Barbier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Departamento de Toxicología (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, México CP 07360, Mexico.
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Mesquita FMD, de Oliveira DF, Caldeira DDAF, de Albuquerque JPC, Matta L, Faria CCD, Souza IIAD, Takiya CM, Fortunato RS, Nascimento JHM, de Oliveira Azevedo SMF, Zin WA, Maciel L. Subacute and sublethal ingestion of microcystin-LR impairs lung mitochondrial function by an oligomycin-like effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103887. [PMID: 35598755 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent cyanotoxin that can reach several organs. However subacute exposure to sublethal doses of MC-LR has not yet well been studied. Herein, we evaluated the outcomes of subacute and sublethal MC-LR exposure on lungs. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to MC-LR by gavage (30 µg/kg) for 20 consecutive days, whereas CTRL mice received filtered water. Respiratory mechanics was not altered in MC-LR group, but histopathology disclosed increased collagen deposition, immunological cell infiltration, and higher percentage of collapsed alveoli. Mitochondrial function was extensively affected in MC-LR animals. Additionally, a direct in vitro titration of MC-LR revealed impaired mitochondrial function. In conclusion, MC-LR presented an intense deleterious effect on lung mitochondrial function and histology. Furthermore, MC-LR seems to exert an oligomycin-like effect in lung mitochondria. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of the putative pulmonary initial mechanisms of damage resulting from oral MC-LR intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Muniz de Mesquita
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Matta
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Coelho de Faria
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itanna Isis Araujo de Souza
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Campus Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
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36
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Avilés-Ramírez C, Moreno-Godínez ME, Bonner MR, Parra-Rojas I, Flores-Alfaro E, Ramírez M, Huerta-Beristain G, Ramírez-Vargas MA. Effects of exposure to environmental pollutants on mitochondrial DNA copy number: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43588-43606. [PMID: 35399130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants has been associated with alteration on relative levels of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). However, the results obtained from epidemiological studies are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether environmental pollutant exposure can modify the relative levels of mtDNAcn in humans. We performed a literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We selected and reviewed original articles performed in humans that analyzed the relationship between environmental pollutant exposure and the relative levels of mtDNAcn; the selection of the included studies was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only twenty-two studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. A total of 6011 study participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. We grouped the included studies into four main categories according to the type of environmental pollutant: (1) heavy metals, (2) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), (3) particulate matter (PM), and (4) cigarette smoking. Inconclusive results were observed in all categories; the pooled analysis shows a marginal increase of relative levels of mtDNAcn in response to environmental pollutant exposure. The trial sequential analysis and rate confidence in body evidence showed the need to perform new studies. Therefore, a large-scale cohort and mechanistic studies in this area are required to probe the possible use of relative levels of mtDNAcn as biomarkers linked to environmental pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Avilés-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Y Salud Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, 39089, Chilpancingo, GRO, México
| | - Ma Elena Moreno-Godínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Y Salud Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, 39089, Chilpancingo, GRO, México
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad Y Diabetes, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica Y Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Mónica Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, CONACyT, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Gerardo Huerta-Beristain
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Y Salud Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, 39089, Chilpancingo, GRO, México
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Y Salud Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, 39089, Chilpancingo, GRO, México.
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Xie X, Zhou J, Hu L, Shu R, Zhang M, Sun L, Wu F, Fu Z, Li Z. Oral exposure to a hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) disrupts mitochondrial function and biogenesis in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128376. [PMID: 35158245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) is reported to have hepatotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. In this study, the toxicological effects of HFPO-TA on mitochondrial function and biogenesis were studied. Mice were exposed to drinking water which contained either 2, 20, or 200 μg/L HFPO-TA. Results showed exposure to HFPO-TA induced disadvantageous physiological changes in mice, including increases in liver weight, altered cell morphology, and inflammatory responses. Specifically, exposure to 200 μg/L HFPO-TA increased mitochondria number, relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, and mRNA levels of mitochondrial genes encoded by mtDNA. Significant increases in TFAM mRNA and protein levels were also observed. Liver metabolome analysis also showed exposure to 200 μg/L HFPO-TA further enhanced increases in metabolites and altered metabolic pathways that correlated with mitochondrial function, especially the production of ATP. HFPO-TA exposure increased protein expression of mitochondrial complex I-V, and the activities of key enzymes involved in TCA cycle (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and succinate dehydrogenase). Furthermore, exposure to 200 μg/L HFPO-TA significantly up-regulating mRNA and protein levels of Opa1, Mfn1, Mfn2, Fis1, and Mff, but did not change Drp1. These findings suggest HFPO-TA could have detrimental effects on health of animals, particularly it was associated with disrupted mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Luting Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ruonan Shu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China.
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38
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Mello DF, Bergemann CM, Fisher K, Chitrakar R, Bijwadia SR, Wang Y, Caldwell A, Baugh LR, Meyer JN. Rotenone Modulates Caenorhabditis elegans Immunometabolism and Pathogen Susceptibility. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840272. [PMID: 35273616 PMCID: PMC8902048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central players in host immunometabolism as they function not only as metabolic hubs but also as signaling platforms regulating innate immunity. Environmental exposures to mitochondrial toxicants occur widely and are increasingly frequent. Exposures to these mitotoxicants may pose a serious threat to organismal health and the onset of diseases by disrupting immunometabolic pathways. In this study, we investigated whether the Complex I inhibitor rotenone could alter C. elegans immunometabolism and disease susceptibility. C. elegans embryos were exposed to rotenone (0.5 µM) or DMSO (0.125%) until they reached the L4 larval stage. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by rotenone and disruption of mitochondrial metabolism were evidenced by rotenone-induced detrimental effects on mitochondrial efficiency and nematode growth and development. Next, through transcriptomic analysis, we investigated if this specific but mild mitochondrial stress that we detected would lead to the modulation of immunometabolic pathways. We found 179 differentially expressed genes (DEG), which were mostly involved in detoxification, energy metabolism, and pathogen defense. Interestingly, among the down-regulated DEG, most of the known genes were involved in immune defense, and most of these were identified as commonly upregulated during P. aeruginosa infection. Furthermore, rotenone increased susceptibility to the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14). However, it increased resistance to Salmonella enterica (SL1344). To shed light on potential mechanisms related to these divergent effects on pathogen resistance, we assessed the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a well-known immunometabolic pathway in C. elegans which links mitochondria and immunity and provides resistance to pathogen infection. The UPRmt pathway was activated in rotenone-treated nematodes further exposed for 24 h to the pathogenic bacteria P. aeruginosa and S. enterica or the common bacterial food source Escherichia coli (OP50). However, P. aeruginosa alone suppressed UPRmt activation and rotenone treatment rescued its activation only to the level of DMSO-exposed nematodes fed with E. coli. Module-weighted annotation bioinformatics analysis was also consistent with UPRmt activation in rotenone-exposed nematodes consistent with the UPR being involved in the increased resistance to S. enterica. Together, our results demonstrate that the mitotoxicant rotenone can disrupt C. elegans immunometabolism in ways likely protective against some pathogen species but sensitizing against others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Mello
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Kinsey Fisher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rojin Chitrakar
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shefali R Bijwadia
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alexis Caldwell
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Larry Ryan Baugh
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Lima TRR, de Oliveira Lima E, Delafiori J, Ramos Catharino R, Viana de Camargo JL, Pereira LC. Molecular signatures associated with diuron exposure on rat urothelial mitochondria. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:628-635. [PMID: 35379061 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2062271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Diuron, 3- (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, is a worldwide used herbicide whose biotransformation gives rise to the metabolites, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (DCPMU) and 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). Previous studies indicate that diuron and/or its metabolites are toxic to the bladder urothelium of the Wistar rats where, under certain conditions of exposure, they may induce successively urothelial cell degeneration, necrosis, hyperplasia and eventually tumors. The hypothesis was raised that the molecular initiating event (MIE) of this Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) is the mitochondrial toxicity of those compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate in vitro the metabolic alterations resulting from urothelial mitochondria isolated from male Wistar rats exposure to diuron, DCPMU and DCA at 10 and 100 µM. A non-targeted metabolomic analysis using mass spectrometry showed discriminative clustering among groups and alterations in the intensity abundance of membrane-associated molecules phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS), in addition to methylhexanoyl-CoA and, particularly for diuron 100 µM, dehydro-L-gulonate, all of them involved in critical mitochondrial metabolism. Collectively, these data indicate the mitochondrial dysfunction as a MIE that triggers cellular damage and death observed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thania Rios Rossi Lima
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.,Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Unesp, Medical School, Botucatu
| | | | - Jeany Delafiori
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - João Lauro Viana de Camargo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.,Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Unesp, Medical School, Botucatu
| | - Lílian Cristina Pereira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.,São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agriculture, Botucatu.,Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Unesp, Medical School, Botucatu
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40
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Wang S, Zhang X, Gui B, Xu X, Su L, Zhao YH, Martyniuk CJ. Comparison of Modes of Action Between Fish, Cell and Mitochondrial Toxicity Based on Toxicity Correlation, Excess Toxicity and QSAR for Class-based Compounds. Toxicology 2022; 470:153155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiang Y, Li H, Huang P, Li S, Li B, Huo L, Zhong J, Pan Z, Li Y, Xia X. Panax notoginseng saponins protect PC12 cells against Aβ induced injury via promoting parkin-mediated mitophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114859. [PMID: 34818573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with a long history and is widely used in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the main active ingredients in Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen, and its injection is used to treat nerve damage caused by cerebral ischemia and other conditions. PNS is thought to alleviate cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease; however, its mechanism of action is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We elucidated the role of PNS in attenuating cellular mitochondrial damage caused by amyloid β (Aβ) protein and in protecting cell viability from the perspective of regulating autophagy. By investigating the effects of PNS on the targets regulating mitophagy, we wanted to reveal the autophagy related mechanism by which PNS attenuated Aβ damage in neuronal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of PNS on the mitochondrial membrane potential of Aβ-injured PC12 cells was detected using flow cytometry, which reflected the alleviating effect of PNS on mitochondrial damage. Using mRFP-GFP-LC3-transfected PC12 cells, the effect of PNS on cellular autophagy flux was observed using laser confocal microscopy. Formation of the intracellular autophagosome was observed using transmission electron microscopy, which reflected the activation of autophagy by PNS. The siPINK1 lentivirus was used to silence the PINK1 gene in PC12 cells to obtain siPINK1-PC12 cells. The effects of PNS on the expression of the PINK1 gene and on the autophagy-related proteins LC3II/Ⅰ, p62, PINK1, parkin, NDP52, and OPTN were observed to reveal the possible targets of PNS in regulating autophagy. RESULTS After PNS treatment, the viability of Aβ-injured PC12 cells improved and the mitochondrial membrane potential was restored. PNS treatment significantly enhanced the autophagy flux of damaged cells and increased the levels of LC3II/Ⅰ protein and decreased p62 protein, while significantly improving the structure and mitochondrial morphology of PC12 cells injured by Aβ. These changes led to more autophagosomes wrapping around the damaged mitochondria and promoting the depletion of OPTN, a mitophagy receptor. After silencing the PINK1 gene, PNS could not alter the PINK1 gene and protein levels, but could still increase LC3II/Ⅰ, decrease p62 and OPTN, and significantly increase the amount of parkin. CONCLUSIONS PNS could enhance the autophagic activity of cells, alleviate mitochondrial damage caused by Aβ injury, and protect the activity of PC12 cells. It is possible that enhanced autophagy was achieved by promoting the recruitment of parkin protein to the mitochondrial receptors in a non-PINK1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Hemei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Panling Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Shanliang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Bocun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Lini Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Ziyu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China.
| | - Xing Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Guangxi Zhuang and Yao Medicine; Nanning 530200, PR China.
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Sudakov NP, Klimenkov IV, Bedoshvili YD, Arsent'ev KY, Gorshkov AG, Izosimova ON, Yakhnenko VM, Kupchinskii AB, Didorenko SI, Likhoshway YV. Early structural and functional changes in Baikal Sculpin gills exposed to suspended soot microparticles in experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133241. [PMID: 34896428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxic influence of soot microparticles on terrestrial organisms has been well studied, although there is scarce data on how microparticles could affect hydrobionts. We performed a first-ever study of the short-term (5 days) impact of furnace soot (0.005 g/L) on the structural and functional features of gill cells in the Baikal Sculpin species Paracottus knerii, Dybowski, 1874. The soot samples used in the experiment were composed of small (10-100 nm) particles and larger (up to 20 μm) aggregates. The dominant fractions of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of these microparticles were phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzofluoranthenes, benzopyrenes, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrenes, and benzo[ghi]perylene. Trace element analysis of the soot detected the presence of C, S, Si, Al, Ca, K, Mg, P, and Fe. The gill condition was assessed with electron scanning, transmission, and laser confocal microscopy. Soot induces degenerative changes in the macrostructure and surface of secondary lamellae and increases mucus production in fish gills. A decrease in mitochondrial activity, an increase in reactive oxygen species production, and an increase in the frequency of programmed cell death in gill epithelium were observed under the influence of soot. In chloride cells, an induction of macroautophagy was detected. In general, the changes in fish gills after the short-term influence of soot microparticles indicate the stress of respiratory and osmotic regulation systems in fish. The data obtained are important for forming a coherent picture of the impact of soot on hydrobionts and for developing bioindication methods for evaluating the risks of their influence on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay P Sudakov
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
| | - Igor V Klimenkov
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Yekaterina D Bedoshvili
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Kirill Yu Arsent'ev
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Alexander G Gorshkov
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Oksana N Izosimova
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Vera M Yakhnenko
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Alexandr B Kupchinskii
- Baikal Museum, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Listvyanka, 664520, Russia
| | - Sergei I Didorenko
- Baikal Museum, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Listvyanka, 664520, Russia
| | - Yelena V Likhoshway
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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43
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Bandaru LJM, Ayyalasomayajula N, Murumulla L, Challa S. Mechanisms associated with the dysregulation of mitochondrial function due to lead exposure and possible implications on the development of Alzheimer's disease. Biometals 2022; 35:1-25. [PMID: 35048237 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a multimedia contaminant with various pathophysiological consequences, including cognitive decline and neural abnormalities. Recent findings have reported an association of Pb toxicity with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathological characteristic of AD. According to toxicology reports, Pb promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress by lowering complex III activity in the electron transport chain, boosting reactive oxygen species formation, and reducing the cell's antioxidant defence system. Here, we review recent advances in the role of mitochondria in Pb-induced AD pathology, as well as the mechanisms associated with the mitochondrial dysfunction, such as the depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening; mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics alterations; and mitophagy and apoptosis. We also discuss possible therapeutic options for mitochondrial-targeted neurodegenerative disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Jaya Madhuri Bandaru
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Neelima Ayyalasomayajula
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Lokesh Murumulla
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Suresh Challa
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
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44
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Mello DF, Maurer LL, Ryde IT, Song DH, Marinakos SM, Jiang C, Wiesner MR, Hsu-Kim H, Meyer JN. In Vivo Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Development, Behavior, and Mitochondrial Function are Altered by Genetic Defects in Mitochondrial Dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1113-1124. [PMID: 35038872 PMCID: PMC8802983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in consumer products and biomedical applications, thus guaranteeing both environmental and human exposures. Despite extensive research addressing AgNP safety, there are still major knowledge gaps regarding AgNP toxicity mechanisms, particularly in whole organisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently described as an important cytotoxicity mechanism for AgNPs; however, it is still unclear if mitochondria are the direct targets of AgNPs. To test this, we exposed the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans to sublethal concentrations of AgNPs and assessed specific mitochondrial parameters as well as organismal-level endpoints that are highly reliant on mitochondrial function, such as development and chemotaxis behavior. All AgNPs tested significantly delayed nematode development, disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics, and blocked chemotaxis. However, silver was not preferentially accumulated in mitochondria, indicating that these effects are likely not due to direct mitochondria-AgNP interactions. Mutant nematodes with deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics displayed both greater and decreased susceptibility to AgNPs compared to wild-type nematodes, which was dependent on the assay and AgNP type. Our study suggests that AgNPs indirectly promote mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to adverse outcomes at the organismal level, and reveals a role of gene-environment interactions in the susceptibility to AgNPs. Finally, we propose a novel hypothetical adverse outcome pathway for AgNP effects to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F. Mello
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Laura L. Maurer
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ian T. Ryde
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Dong Hoon Song
- Simulation Group, Samsung SDI, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Stella M. Marinakos
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chuanjia Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Mark R. Wiesner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Heileen Hsu-Kim
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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45
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Vollmer T, Stegmayr B. Establishing Cell Models to Understand Cellular Toxicity: Lessons Learned from an Unconventional Cell Type. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010054. [PMID: 35051031 PMCID: PMC8779380 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The syndrome of uremic toxicity comprises a complex toxic milieu in-vivo, as numerous uremic substances accumulate and harm the organ systems. Among these substances, toxic and non-toxic players differently interfere with human cells. However, results from animal experiments are not always compatible with the expected reactions in human patients and studies on one organ system are limited in capturing the complexity of the uremic situation. In this narrative review, we present aspects relevant for cellular toxicity research based on our previous establishment of a human spermatozoa-based cell model, as follows: (i) applicability to compare the effects of more than 100 uremic substances, (ii) detection of the protective effects of uremic substances by the cellular responses towards the uremic milieu, (iii) inclusion of the drug milieu for cellular function, and (iv) transferability for clinical application, e.g., hemodialysis. Our technique allows the estimation of cell viability, vitality, and physiological state, not only restricted to acute or chronic kidney toxicity but also for other conditions, such as intoxications of unknown substances. The cellular models can clarify molecular mechanisms of action of toxins related to human physiology and therapy. Identification of uremic toxins retained during acute and chronic kidney injury enables further research on the removal or degradation of such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Vollmer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernd Stegmayr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden;
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46
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Leuthner TC, Meyer JN. Mitochondrial DNA Mutagenesis: Feature of and Biomarker for Environmental Exposures and Aging. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:294-308. [PMID: 34761353 PMCID: PMC8826492 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging. Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) instability contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, and mtDNA mutagenesis may contribute to aging. However, the origin of mtDNA mutations remains somewhat controversial. The goals of this review are to introduce and review recent literature on mtDNA mutagenesis and aging, address recent animal and epidemiological evidence for the effects of chemicals on mtDNA damage and mutagenesis, propose hypotheses regarding the contribution of environmental toxicant exposure to mtDNA mutagenesis in the context of aging, and suggest future directions and approaches for environmental health researchers. RECENT FINDINGS Stressors such as pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and ultraviolet radiation can damage the mitochondrial genome or disrupt mtDNA replication, repair, and organelle homeostatic processes, potentially influencing the rate of accumulation of mtDNA mutations. Accelerated mtDNA mutagenesis could contribute to aging, diseases of aging, and sensitize individuals with pathogenic mtDNA variants to stressors. We propose three potential mechanisms of toxicant-induced effects on mtDNA mutagenesis over lifespan: (1) increased de novo mtDNA mutations, (2) altered frequencies of mtDNA mutations, or (3) both. There are remarkably few studies that have investigated the impact of environmental chemical exposures on mtDNA instability and mutagenesis, and even fewer in the context of aging. More studies are warranted because people are exposed to tens of thousands of chemicals, and are living longer. Finally, we suggest that toxicant-induced mtDNA damage and mutational signatures may be a sensitive biomarker for some exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Box 90328, Duke University, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Box 90328, Duke University, NC, 27708, USA.
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47
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Schnegelberger RD, Lang AL, Arteel GE, Beier JI. Environmental toxicant-induced maladaptive mitochondrial changes: A potential unifying mechanism in fatty liver disease? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3756-3767. [PMID: 35024304 PMCID: PMC8727895 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposures to industrial chemicals are well known to cause hepatotoxicity and liver injury. However, despite extensive evidence showing that exposure can lead to disease, current research approaches and regulatory policies fail to address the possibility that subtle changes caused by low level exposure to chemicals may also enhance preexisting conditions. In recent years, the conceptual understanding of the contribution of environmental chemicals to liver disease has progressed significantly. Mitochondria are often target of toxicity of environmental toxicants resulting in multisystem disorders involving different cells, tissues, and organs. Here, we review persistent maladaptive changes to mitochondria in response to environmental toxicant exposure as a mechanism of hepatotoxicity. With better understanding of the mechanism(s) and risk factors that mediate the initiation and progression of toxicant-induced liver disease, rational targeted therapy can be developed to better predict risk, as well as to treat or prevent this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina D. Schnegelberger
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anna L. Lang
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Juliane I. Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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48
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Zheng F, Luo Z, Lin X, Wang W, Aschner M, Cai P, Wang YL, Shao W, Yu G, Guo Z, Wu S, Li H. Intercellular transfer of mitochondria via tunneling nanotubes protects against cobalt nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity and mitochondrial damage. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:1358-1379. [PMID: 35077651 PMCID: PMC9490506 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2026515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Broad applications of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) have raised increased concerns regarding their potential toxicity. However, the underlining mechanisms of their toxicity have yet to be characterized. Here, we demonstrated that CoNPs reduced cell viability and induced membrane leakage. CoNPs induced oxidative stress, as indicated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to the increased expression of hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha. Moreover, CoNPs led to mitochondrial damage, including generation of mitochondrial ROS, reduction in ATP content, morphological damage and autophagy. Interestingly, exogenous mitochondria were observed between neurons and astrocytes upon CoNPs exposure. Concomitantly, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs)-like structures were observed between neurons and astrocytes upon CoNPs exposure. These structures were further verified to be TNTs as they were found to be F-actin rich and lacking tubulin. We then demonstrated that TNTs were utilized for mitochondrial transfer between neurons and astrocytes, suggesting a novel crosstalk phenomenon between these cells. Moreover, we found that the inhibition of TNTs (using actin-depolymerizing drug latrunculin B) intensified apoptosis triggered by CoNPs. Therefore, we demonstrate, for the first time, that the inhibition of intercellular mitochondrial transfer via TNTs aggravates CoNPs-induced cellular and mitochondrial toxicity in neuronal cells, implying a novel intercellular protection mechanism in response to nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhousong Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xinpei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ping Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Corresponding authors: H. Li: ; S. Wu: . Tel: +086-591-22862527; Fax: +086-591-22862510
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Corresponding authors: H. Li: ; S. Wu: . Tel: +086-591-22862527; Fax: +086-591-22862510
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49
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Tommasi S, Pabustan N, Li M, Chen Y, Siegmund KD, Besaratinia A. A novel role for vaping in mitochondrial gene dysregulation and inflammation fundamental to disease development. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22773. [PMID: 34815430 PMCID: PMC8611078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed and analyzed the whole transcriptome in leukocytes of healthy adult vapers (with/without a history of smoking), ‘exclusive’ cigarette smokers, and controls (non-users of any tobacco products). Furthermore, we performed single-gene validation of expression data, and biochemical validation of vaping/smoking status by plasma cotinine measurement. Computational modeling, combining primary analysis (age- and sex-adjusted limmaVoom) and sensitivity analysis (cumulative e-liquid- and pack-year modeling), revealed that ‘current’ vaping, but not ‘past’ smoking, is significantly associated with gene dysregulation in vapers. Comparative analysis of the gene networks and canonical pathways dysregulated in vapers and smokers showed strikingly similar patterns in the two groups, although the extent of transcriptomic changes was more pronounced in smokers than vapers. Of significance is the preferential targeting of mitochondrial genes in both vapers and smokers, concurrent with impaired functional networks, which drive mitochondrial DNA-related disorders. Equally significant is the dysregulation of immune response genes in vapers and smokers, modulated by upstream cytokines, including members of the interleukin and interferon family, which play a crucial role in inflammation. Our findings accord with the growing evidence on the central role of mitochondria as signaling organelles involved in immunity and inflammatory response, which are fundamental to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Tommasi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Niccolo Pabustan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Meng Li
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Service, University of Southern California, NML 203, M/C 9130, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Service, University of Southern California, NML 203, M/C 9130, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Kimberly D Siegmund
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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50
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Atashbar S, Jamali Z, Khezri S, Salimi A. Celecoxib decreases mitochondrial complex IV activity and induces oxidative stress in isolated rat heart mitochondria: An analysis for its cardiotoxic adverse effect. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22934. [PMID: 34668290 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the cardiotoxic effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, they are most widely used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Today, valdecoxib and rofecoxib have been withdrawn in the market but celecoxib remains. In this study, we focused on an analysis of celecoxib toxic effects on isolated mitochondria. Isolated rat heart mitochondria were obtained using differential centrifugation. Using flow cytometry and biochemical assays, we searched succinate dehydrogenases, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial swelling, ATP/ADP ratio, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial complexes activity in rat heart isolated mitochondria. Herein, our results indicated a significant decrease in the activity of complex IV after exposure with celecoxib (16 µg/ml). This decrease in the activity of complex IV is paralleled by the MMP collapse, ROS formation, mitochondrial swelling, depletion of ATP, and lipid peroxidation. For the first time, this introductory study has shown a significant decrease in the activity of complex IV and mitochondrial dysfunction after exposure with celecoxib in rat heart isolated mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Atashbar
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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