1
|
Hu L, Cheng Z, Chu H, Wang W, Jin Y, Yang L. TRIF-dependent signaling and its role in liver diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1370042. [PMID: 38694821 PMCID: PMC11061444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1370042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) is a crucial adaptor molecule downstream of toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3) and 4 (TLR4). TRIF directly binds to TLR3 through its TIR domain, while it associates with TLR4 indirectly through the bridge adaptor molecule TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM). TRIF plays a pivotal role in regulating interferon beta 1 (IFN-β) response, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, apoptosis, and necroptosis signaling mediated by TLR3 and TLR4. It accomplishes these by recruiting and activating various kinases or transcription factors via its distinct domains. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the TRIF-dependent signaling pathways mediated by TLR3 and TLR4, elucidating key target molecules and downstream pathways. Furthermore, we provide an overview of TRIF's impact on several liver disorders, including drug-induced liver injury, ischemia-reperfusion liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We also explore its effects on liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the TRIF-dependent signaling pathways, as well as the intricate relationship between TRIF and liver diseases, can facilitate the identification of potential drug targets and the development of novel and effective therapeutics against hepatic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Y, Tian T, Wang Z, Li S, Li N, Luo H, Jiang Y. LncRNA 220, a newly discovered long non-conding RNA inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy in Kupffer cells in LPS-induced endotoxemic mice through the XBP1u-PI3K-AKT pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111497. [PMID: 38241842 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is recognized as a potentially fatal condition characterized by acute organ dysfunction resulting from an imbalanced immune response to infection. Acute liver injury (ALI) arises as an inflammatory outcome of immune response dysregulation associated with sepsis. Kupffer cells, which are liver-specific macrophages, are known to have a significant impact on ALI, although the precise regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Numerous studies have showcased the regulatory impact of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) on the progression of diverse ailments, yet their precise regulatory mechanisms remain predominantly unexplored. In this study, a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), referred to as lncRNA 220, was discovered using high-throughput sequencing. The expression of lncRNA 220 was found to be significantly elevated in the livers of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia, specifically during the 8-hour time period. Furthermore, in Kupffer cells treated with LPS, lncRNA 220 was observed to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy by activating the PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 pathway. This effect was achieved through the reduction of X-box protein 1 unspliced (Xbp1u) mRNA stability and suppression of its translation in the context of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Ultimately, this intervention mitigated the progression of LPS-induced ALI. To summarize, our study establishes lncRNA 220 as a newly identified regulator that suppresses apoptosis and autophagy in Kupffer cells subjected to LPS treatment, indicating its potential as a molecular target for ALI in endotoxemic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Nanhong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haihua Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Z, Wu Z, Gu X, Ji L. Diagnosis, toxicological mechanism, and detoxification for hepatotoxicity induced by pyrrolizidine alkaloids from herbal medicines or other plants. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:123-133. [PMID: 38411492 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2310597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are one type of phytotoxins distributed in various plants, including many medicinal herbs. Many organs might suffer injuries from the intake of PAs, and the liver is the most susceptible one. The diagnosis, toxicological mechanism, and detoxification of PAs-induced hepatotoxicity have been studied for several decades, which is of great significance for its prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. When the liver was exposed to PAs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) loss, hemorrhage, liver parenchymal cells death, nodular regeneration, Kupffer cells activation, and fibrogenesis occurred. These pathological changes classified the PAs-induced liver injury as acute, sub-acute, and chronic type. PAs metabolic activation, mitochondria injury, glutathione (GSH) depletion, inflammation, and LSECs damage-induced activation of the coagulation system were well recognized to play critical roles in the pathological process of PAs-induced hepatotoxicity. A lot of natural compounds like glycyrrhizic acid, (-)-epicatechin, quercetin, baicalein, chlorogenic acid, and so on were demonstrated to be effective in alleviating PAs-induced liver injury, which rendered them huge potential to be developed into therapeutic drugs for PAs poisoning in clinics. This review presents updated information about the diagnosis, toxicological mechanism, and detoxification studies on PAs-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeqi Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinnan Gu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao S, Zhang H, Zhu H, Zhao T, Tu J, Yin X, Yang S, Zhang W, Zhang F, Zhang M, Xu B, Zhuge Y, Xiao J. Gut microbiota promotes macrophage M1 polarization in hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome via regulating intestinal barrier function mediated by butyrate. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2377567. [PMID: 39012957 PMCID: PMC11253885 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2377567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal-liver axis is associated with various liver diseases. Here, we verified the role of the gut microbiota and macrophage activation in the progression of pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (PA-HSOS), and explored the possible mechanisms and new treatment options. METHODS The HSOS murine model was induced by gavage of monocrotaline (MCT). An analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) of the feces was conducted to determine the composition of the fecal microbiota. Macrophage clearance, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and butyrate supplementation experiments were used to assess the role of intestinal flora, gut barrier, and macrophage activation and to explore the relationships among these three variables. RESULTS Activated macrophages and low microflora diversity were observed in HSOS patients and murine models. Depletion of macrophages attenuated inflammatory reactions and apoptosis in the mouse liver. Moreover, compared with control-FMT mice, the exacerbation of severe liver injury was detected in HSOS-FMT mice. Specifically, butyrate fecal concentrations were significantly reduced in HSOS mice, and administration of butyrate could partially alleviated liver damage and improved the intestinal barrier in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, elevated lipopolysaccharides in the portal vein and high proportions of M1 macrophages in the liver were also detected in HSOS-FMT mice and mice without butyrate treatment, which resulted in severe inflammatory responses and further accelerated HSOS progression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the gut microbiota exacerbated HSOS progression by regulating macrophage M1 polarization via altered intestinal barrier function mediated by butyrate. Our study has identified new strategies for the clinical treatment of HSOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanlong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochun Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suzhen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangqiang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shu YY, Hu LL, Yang L, Chu HK, Ye J, Jin Y. Rifaximin Prevents Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Alleviates Liver Injury in MCT-induced HSOS Mice. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1183-1194. [PMID: 37950130 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rifaximin is an effective component of treatment strategies for liver and intestinal diseases. However, the efficacy of rifaximin in hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) has not been explored. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of rifaximin in HSOS. METHODS An HSOS model was established in mice through the administration of monocrotaline (MCT, 800 mg/kg), and part of the HSOS mice were intragastrically administered with rifaximin. Then, the efficacy of rifaximin in HSOS was evaluated based on the liver pathological findings, liver proinflammatory cytokines, and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. The Ussing chamber was used to evaluate the intestinal permeability, and tight junction (TJ) proteins were measured by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the intestinal barrier integrity. Then, the serum proinflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Afterwards, an in vitro experiment was performed to determine the relationship between rifaximin and TJ proteins. RESULTS Rifaximin effectively alleviated the MCT-induced HSOS liver injury, suppressed the expression of liver proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Furthermore, rifaximin reduced the intestinal permeability, improved the intestinal barrier integrity, and promoted the expression of TJ proteins. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the intestinal barrier integrity was destroyed in MCT-induced HSOS. The significant alleviation of MCT-induced HSOS induced by rifaximin might be correlated to the repairment of intestinal barrier integrity via the regulation of the TJ protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Shu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Li-Lin Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui-Kuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin Ye
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yu Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan Y, Zheng S. Clinicopathological characteristics and diagnosis of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome caused by Tusanqi - Case report and literature review. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230737. [PMID: 37333448 PMCID: PMC10276616 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tusanqi-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is caused by exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and manifests as abdominal distension, liver pain, ascites, jaundice, and hepatomegaly. Pathologically, hepatic congestion and sinusoidal occlusion are observed in HSOS. We summarized the clinical characteristics of 124 patients with HSOS caused by Tusanqi in China between 1980 and 2019, along with those of 831 patients from seven English case series. The main clinical manifestations of PA-HSOS included abdominal pain, ascites, and jaundice. Common imaging features included characteristic heterogeneous density, slender hepatic veins, and other nonspecific changes. The acute stage is primarily manifested as hepatic sinus congestion and necrosis. Meanwhile, the persistence of hepatic sinus congestion and the onset of perisinusoidal fibrosis were observed during the repair stage. Finally, the persistence of hepatic sinusoidal fibrosis and resultant central hepatic vein occlusion were observed in the chronic stage. The new Nanjing standard for PA-HSOS incorporates the history of PA consumption and imaging features and eliminates weight gain and the serum total bilirubin value. Preliminary clinical validation of the Nanjing standard for PA-HSOS diagnosis revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 95.35 and 100%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Third Hospital of the Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, No. 300, Daijiamen, Runzhou Distinct, Zhenjiang212003, China
| | - Sainan Zheng
- Department of Hepatology, Third Hospital of the Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, No. 300, Daijiamen, Runzhou Distinct, Zhenjiang212003, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ishtiaq SM, Arshad MI, Khan JA. PPARγ signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis: Mechanistic insights for cellular reprogramming and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108298. [PMID: 36243148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortalities globally. The therapeutic approaches for chronic liver diseases-associated liver cancers aimed at modulating immune check-points and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway during multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis that played a dispensable role in immunopathogenesis and outcomes of disease. Herein, the review highlights PPARγ-induced effects in balancing inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and interplay of PPARγ, hepatic stellate cells and fibrogenic niche in cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic crosstalk of hepatocarcinogenesis. PPARγ-mediated effects in pre-malignant microenvironment promote growth arrest, cell senescence and cell clearance in liver cancer pathophysiology. Furthermore, PPARγ-immune cell axis of liver microenvironment exhibits an immunomodulation strategy of resident immune cells of the liver (macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) in concomitance with current clinical guidelines of the European Association for Study of Liver Diseases (EASL) for several liver diseases. Thus, mechanistic insights of PPARγ-associated high value targets and canonical signaling suggest PPARγ as a possible therapeutic target in reprogramming of hepatocarcinogenesis to decrease burden of liver cancers, worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Momna Ishtiaq
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vázquez-Carballo C, Herencia C, Guerrero-Hue M, García-Caballero C, Rayego-Mateos S, Morgado-Pascual JL, Opazo-Rios L, González-Guerrero C, Vallejo-Mudarra M, Cortegano I, Gaspar ML, de Andrés B, Egido J, Moreno JA. Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in intravascular hemolysis-mediated injury. J Pathol 2022; 258:236-249. [PMID: 35903022 DOI: 10.1002/path.5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Massive intravascular hemolysis is a common characteristic of several pathologies. It is associated with the release of large quantities of heme into the circulation, promoting injury in vulnerable organs, mainly kidney, liver, and spleen. Heme activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key regulator of the inflammatory response; however, the role of TLR4 in hemolysis and whether inhibition of this receptor may protect from heme-mediated injury are unknown. We induced intravascular hemolysis by injection of phenylhydrazine in wildtype and Tlr4-knockout mice. In this model, we analyzed physiological parameters, histological damage, inflammation and cell death in kidney, liver, and spleen. We also evaluated whether heme-mediated-inflammatory effects were prevented by TLR4 inhibition with the compound TAK-242, both in vivo and in vitro. Induction of massive hemolysis elicited acute kidney injury characterized by loss of renal function, morphological alterations of the tubular epithelium, cell death, and inflammation. These pathological effects were significantly ameliorated in the TLR4-deficient mice and in wildtype mice treated with TAK-242. In vitro studies showed that TAK-242 pretreatment reduced heme-mediated inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) axis. However, analysis in liver and spleen indicated that TLR4 deficiency did not protect against the toxic accumulation of heme in these organs. In conclusion, TLR4 is a key molecule involved in the renal inflammatory response triggered by massive intravascular hemolysis. TLR4 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach to prevent renal damage in patients suffering from hemolysis. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vázquez-Carballo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herencia
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melania Guerrero-Hue
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Caballero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lucas Opazo-Rios
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Health Science Faculty, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción-Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Cristian González-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vallejo-Mudarra
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Cortegano
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
JIANG KY, ZHANG Y, YE XL, XIONG F, CHEN Y, JIA XL, ZHANG YX, YANG L, XIONG AZ, WANG ZT. Bear bile powder attenuates senecionine-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in mice. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:270-281. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Milone G, Bellofiore C, Leotta S, Milone GA, Cupri A, Duminuco A, Garibaldi B, Palumbo G. Endothelial Dysfunction after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Review Based on Physiopathology. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030623. [PMID: 35160072 PMCID: PMC8837122 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is frequently encountered in transplant medicine. ED is an argument of high complexity, and its understanding requires a wide spectrum of knowledge based on many fields of basic sciences such as molecular biology, immunology, and pathology. After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), ED participates in the pathogenesis of various complications such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), capillary leak syndrome (CLS), and engraftment syndrome (ES). In the first part of the present manuscript, we briefly review some biological aspects of factors involved in ED: adhesion molecules, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, complement, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, thrombomodulin, high-mobility group B-1 protein, nitric oxide, glycocalyx, coagulation cascade. In the second part, we review the abnormalities of these factors found in the ED complications associated with HSCT. In the third part, a review of agents used in the treatment of ED after HSCT is presented.
Collapse
|
11
|
Câmara ACL, de Sousa Argenta VL, de Moraes DDA, Fonseca EF, Fino TCM, Paludo GR, Soto-Blanco B. Hematological and Serum Biochemical Changes and Their Prognostic Value in Horses Spontaneously Poisoned by Crotalaria spectabilis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:741530. [PMID: 35097039 PMCID: PMC8795585 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.741530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the prognosis of poisoning by plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids is usually challenging. This study aimed to identify important prognostic parameters that can determine the severity of spontaneous poisoning by Crotalaria spectabilis in horses. Blood samples from 42 horses spontaneously poisoned by oats contaminated with C. spectabilis seeds were evaluated. Complete blood counts (CBC) and serum biochemical tests [urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and creatine kinase (CK) activities] were performed. Horses were followed up for 12 months to determine the long-term survival rate; after 12 months, they were divided into two groups: survivors (n = 30) and non-survivors (n = 12). Horses spontaneously poisoned with C. spectabilis had higher levels of urea, globulin, bilirubin (total, direct, and indirect), AST, GGT, and CK than the reference values. Non-survivor horses showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) values of hemoglobin, GGT, and direct bilirubin than the survivor horses. Horses with serum GGT activity higher than 95 U/l had 14.0 times the risk of death compared to animals showing activities equal to or lower than this value, whereas horses with serum direct bilirubin concentration higher than 0.6 mg/dl (10.26 μmol/L) had 5.78 times the risk of death compared to the others. In summary, serum GGT activity and direct bilirubin concentration may be useful prognostic indicators for assessing the severity of C. spectabilis-poisoned horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos Lopes Câmara
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Ferreira Fonseca
- Secretaria de Estado da Agricultura, Abastecimento e Desenvolvimento Rural Do Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tayná Cardim Moraes Fino
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Giane Regina Paludo
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Benito Soto-Blanco
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu J, Yang J, Guo H, Yao X, Qiu H, Gao P, Wang Q. Effect of Theaflavin on Inflammatory and Remolding of Airway in the Asthma Mice. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To study the effect of theaflavin on the airway’s inflammation and remodeling in mice with asthma. The mice were divided into the control, asthma model, and the theaflavin treatment groups to analyze the changes in pulmonary compliance and lung resistance of the mice with asthma
to theaflavin treatment. The theaflavin treatment groups consisted of the low-dose (15 mg/kg theaflavin-intragastric administration), medium-dose (30 mg/kg), and high-dose (60 mg/kg) groups. Alveoli lavage liquid was gathered from the mice to count the number of inflammatory cells, and the
levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), interleukin 13 (IL-13), and eotaxin were detected by ELISA. The levels of proteins, such as transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), CyclinD1,CyclinD2, Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation
factor 88 (MyD88), and NF-κBp65, which showed the performance of lung tissue was tested by Western blotting. Compared to the control group, the lung resistance of the asthma model mice was increased, and compliance was decreased after increasing concentrations of acetylcholine
(Mch) stimulation. Compared to the asthma model group, the pulmonary resistance was decreased, and pulmonar compliance was increased according to the rising concentration of Mch in theaflavin-L, theaflavin-M and theaflavin-H mice. Compared to the control group, the number of cells, macrophages,
acidophilic cells, lymph, and neutrophile granulocytes increased in the alveolar perfusion fluid of asthmatic mice. The level of interleukin 4, interleukin 5, interleukin 13, and eotaxin, TGF-β1, α-SMA, Cyclin D1, MyD88, TLR4, Cyclin D2, and NF-κBp65 proteins
of the lung was also increased. Compared to the model group, the number of cells, macrophages, acidophilic cells, lymph, and neutrophile granulocytes were decreased successively in the alveolar lavage fluid in the theaflavin-L, theaflavin-M, and theaflavin-H mice. Meanwhile, the content of
interleukin 4, interleukin 5, interleukin 13, and eotaxin were decreased successively, and the level of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Cyclin D1, MyD88, TLR4, Cyclin D2, and NF-κBp65 protein increased successively in the theaflavin-L, theaflavin-M, and theaflavin-H mice. Theaflavin
has been found to reduce airway inflammation, impede airway remodeling, and decrease the TLR 4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in asthmatic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingju Hu
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine of Zhongwei People’s Hospital of Ningxia, Zhongwei 755000, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine of Zhongwei People’s Hospital of Ningxia, Zhongwei 755000, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medicao University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Xuesong Yao
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine of Zhongwei People’s Hospital of Ningxia, Zhongwei 755000, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine of Zhongwei People’s Hospital of Ningxia, Zhongwei 755000, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Panpan Gao
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine of Zhongwei People’s Hospital of Ningxia, Zhongwei 755000, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Qingchun Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine of Zhongwei People’s Hospital of Ningxia, Zhongwei 755000, Ningxia, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang H, Jia S, Jin L, MB JY, Shen Z, Wu J, Yao X, Chen D, Zhang C, Yu S, Zhu N, Jin L, Yao X. Gynura segetum induces hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in mice by impairing autophagy. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e361104. [PMID: 35195181 PMCID: PMC8860401 DOI: 10.1590/acb361104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the underlying mechanism of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) induced by Gynura segetum by measuring autophagy in mouse models. Methods: The model group was administered G. segetum (30 g/kg/d) by gavage, while the normal control group was administered an equal volume of saline daily for five weeks. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatic histopathological examinations, and Masson staining were performed to evaluate liver injury. Liver intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Hepatocellular apoptosis was assessed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Protein expression levels of autophagy markers were measured using Western blot analysis. Results: Gynura segetum was found to significantly induce liver injury compared with control mice, as evidenced by the increase of serum transaminases, a decrease in triglyceride levels, and histopathological changes in mice. Gynura segetum remarkably induced hepatocellular apoptosis and upregulated the expressions of ICAM-1 and P-selectin and also downregulated the protein expression levels of LC3, Atg12 and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein. Conclusions: Our results suggested that G. segetum induced liver injury with HSOS, and it was partly due to its ability to impair the autophagy pathway.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lucas K, Rosch M, Langguth P. Molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) as a potential treatment for acute and chronic fatigue. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000378. [PMID: 33368699 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases as well as acute conditions can lead to fatigue, which can be either temporary or chronic in nature. Acute fatigue develops frequently after physical exercise or after alcohol hangover, whereas microbial infections such as influenza or COVID-19 and chronic diseases like Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis are often associated with chronic fatigue. Oxidative stress and a resulting disturbance of mitochondrial function are likely to be common denominators for many forms of fatigue, and antioxidant treatments have been shown to be effective in alleviating the symptoms of fatigue. In this study, we review the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in fatigue and the antioxidant effects of the intake of molecular hydrogen. We propose that molecular hydrogen is well suited for the treatment of temporary and chronic forms of oxidative stress-associated fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Rosch
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Myeloid cells in sensing of tissue damage. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 68:34-40. [PMID: 33035713 PMCID: PMC7538386 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are components of the innate immune system that represent the first line of defense. Tissue damage, associated with pathological conditions such as infection, cancer or autoimmunity, leads to the exposure of the intracellular content to the extracellular environment. Myeloid cells detect ligands exposed or released by dead cells through specific receptors that signal for a diversity of responses. Inflammatory responses triggered by myeloid cells after sensing tissue injury can contribute to resolution of the damage. The signaling response following dead-cell sensing by myeloid cells can contribute either to an inflammatory or a regulatory response. We review herein some representative examples of how myeloid cells react to the recognition of cell death during specific tissue damage contexts. A deep understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes would allow to improve therapeutical interventions in pathologies associated with tissue damage.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cicco S, Cicco G, Racanelli V, Vacca A. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): Two Potential Targets for COVID-19 Treatment. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7527953. [PMID: 32724296 PMCID: PMC7366221 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7527953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that mostly affects the respiratory system. The consequent inflammation is not able to clear viruses. The persistent excessive inflammatory response can build up a clinical picture that is very difficult to manage and potentially fatal. Modulating the immune response plays a key role in fighting the disease. One of the main defence systems is the activation of neutrophils that release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) under the stimulus of autophagy. Various molecules can induce NETosis and autophagy; some potent activators are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and, in particular, the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This molecule is released by damaged lung cells and can induce a robust innate immunity response. The increase in HMGB1 and NETosis could lead to sustained inflammation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, blocking these molecules might be useful in COVID-19 treatment and should be further studied in the context of targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|