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Zhang S, Cao L, Chang R, Zhang H, Yu J, Li C, Liu G, Yan J, Xu Z. Network Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Revealed Regulation of Different Nitrogen Concentrations on Hybrid Poplar Cambium Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1017. [PMID: 38256092 PMCID: PMC10816006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary development is a key biological characteristic of woody plants and the basis of wood formation. Exogenous nitrogen can affect the secondary growth of poplar, and some regulatory mechanisms have been found in the secondary xylem. However, the effect of nitrogen on cambium has not been reported. Herein, we investigated the effects of different nitrogen concentrations on cambium development using combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis. The results show that, compared with 1 mM NH4NO3 (M), the layers of hybrid poplar cambium cells decreased under the 0.15 mM NH4NO3 (L) and 0.3 mM NH4NO3 (LM) treatments. However, there was no difference in the layers of hybrid poplar cambium cells under the 3 mM NH4NO3 (HM) and 5 mM NH4NO3 (H) treatments. Totals of 2365, 824, 649 and 398 DEGs were identified in the M versus (vs.) L, M vs. LM, M vs. HM and M vs. H groups, respectively. Expression profile analysis of the DEGs showed that exogenous nitrogen affected the gene expression involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway and the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway. In M vs. L, M vs. LM, M vs. HM and M vs. H, differential metabolites were enriched in flavonoids, lignans, coumarins and saccharides. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome showed that some genes and metabolites in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways may be involved in nitrogen regulation in cambium development, whose functions need to be verified. In this study, from the point of view that nitrogen influences cambium development to regulate wood formation, the network analysis of the transcriptome and metabolomics of cambium under different nitrogen supply levels was studied for the first time, revealing the potential regulatory and metabolic mechanisms involved in this process and providing new insights into the effects of nitrogen on wood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Lina Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Ruhui Chang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Chunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Guanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Junxin Yan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.Z.); (R.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.); (G.L.)
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Renström A, Choudhary S, Gandla ML, Jönsson LJ, Hedenström M, Jämtgård S, Tuominen H. The effect of nitrogen source and levels on hybrid aspen tree physiology and wood formation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14219. [PMID: 38380723 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen can be taken up by trees in the form of nitrate, ammonium and amino acids, but the influence of the different forms on tree growth and development is poorly understood in angiosperm species like Populus. We studied the effects of both organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen on growth and wood formation of hybrid aspen trees in experimental conditions that allowed growth under four distinct steady-state nitrogen levels. Increased nitrogen availability had a positive influence on biomass accumulation and the radial dimensions of both xylem vessels and fibers, and a negative influence on wood density. An optimal level of nitrogen availability was identified where increases in biomass accumulation outweighed decreases in wood density. None of these responses depended on the source of nitrogen except for shoot biomass accumulation, which was stimulated more by treatments complemented with nitrate than by ammonium alone or the organic source arginine. The most striking difference between the nitrogen sources was the effect on lignin composition, whereby the abundance of H-type lignin increased only in the presence of nitrate. The differential effect of nitrate is possibly related to the well-known role of nitrate as a signaling compound. RNA-sequencing revealed that while the lignin-biosynthetic genes did not significantly (FDR <0.01) respond to added NO3 - , the expression of several laccases, catalysing lignin polymerization, was dependent on N-availability. These results reveal a unique role of nitrate in wood formation and contribute to the knowledge basis for decision-making in utilizing hybrid aspen as a bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Renström
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Jämtgård
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Becklin KM, Viele BM, Coleman HD. Nutrient conditions mediate mycorrhizal effects on biomass production and cell wall chemistry in poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1571-1583. [PMID: 37166359 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale biofuel production from lignocellulosic feedstock is limited by the financial and environmental costs associated with growing and processing lignocellulosic material and the resilience of these plants to environmental stress. Symbiotic associations with arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi represent a potential strategy for expanding feedstock production while reducing nutrient inputs. Comparing AM and EM effects on wood production and chemical composition is a necessary step in developing biofuel feedstocks. Here, we assessed the productivity, biomass allocation and secondary cell wall (SCW) composition of greenhouse-grown Populus tremuloidesMichx. inoculated with either AM or EM fungi. Given the long-term goal of reducing nutrient inputs for biofuel production, we further tested the effects of nutrient availability and nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry on mycorrhizal responses. Associations with both AM and EM fungi increased plant biomass by 14-74% depending on the nutrient conditions but had minimal effects on SCW composition. Mycorrhizal plants, especially those inoculated with EM fungi, also allocated a greater portion of their biomass to roots, which could be beneficial in the field where plants are likely to experience both water and nutrient stress. Leaf nutrient content was weakly but positively correlated with wood production in mycorrhizal plants. Surprisingly, phosphorus played a larger role in EM plants compared with AM plants. Relative nitrogen and phosphorus availability were correlated with shifts in SCW composition. For AM associations, the benefit of increased wood biomass may be partially offset by increased lignin content, a trait that affects downstream processing of lignocellulosic tissue for biofuels. By comparing AM and EM effects on the productivity and chemical composition of lignocellulosic tissue, this work links broad functional diversity in mycorrhizal associations to key biofuel traits and highlights the importance of considering both biotic and abiotic factors when developing strategies for sustainable biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Becklin
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Bethanie M Viele
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Heather D Coleman
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Jerbi A, Laur J, Lajoie K, Gallant PP, Barnabé S, Pitre FE, Labrecque M. Irrigation with primary wastewater alters wood anatomy and composition in willow Salix miyabeana SX67. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1087035. [PMID: 36938004 PMCID: PMC10018808 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional treatment of wastewaters is a burden for local governments. Using short rotation coppice willow (SRCW) as vegetal filter has several environmental and economic benefits. Here, we investigated the effect of primary wastewater irrigation on wood structure and composition of the willow cultivar Salix miyabeana 'SX67' following two years of growth. Compared to unirrigated plants (UI), stem sections of plants irrigated with primary wastewater (WWD) showed an unexpected decrease of hydraulic conductance (KS) associated with a decrease in vessel density but not vessel diameter. The majority (86%) of vessels had diameters range groups [20-30[, [30-40[and [40-50[µm and contributed to > 75% of theoretical KS, while the group class [50-60[µm (less than 10% of vessels) still accounted for > 20% of total KS regardless irrigation treatments. WWD significantly alters the chemical composition of wood with an increase of glucan content by 9 to 16.4% and a decrease of extractives by 35.3 to 36.4% when compared to UI or to plants irrigated with potable water (PW). The fertigation did also increase the proportion of the tension wood which highly correlated with glucan content. In the context of energetic transition and mitigation of climate change, such results are of high interest since WWD effectively permit the phytofiltration of large amounts of organic contaminated effluents without impairing SRCW physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jerbi
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joan Laur
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Research and Development Division, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Lajoie
- Institut d’Innovations sur les Écomatériaux, Écoproduits et Écoénergies à base de biomasse (I2E3), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | | | - Simon Barnabé
- Institut d’Innovations sur les Écomatériaux, Écoproduits et Écoénergies à base de biomasse (I2E3), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Frederic E. Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Research and Development Division, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Research and Development Division, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Li M, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhan R, An N, Sun Y, Wu F, Yang J, Su H. Single-walled carbon nanotubes promotes wood formation in Populus davidiana × P.bolleana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:137-143. [PMID: 35653939 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abundant studies have revealed that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) regulate plant growth. However, whether or how SWCNTs influence plant wood formation remains largely unknown. In this report, we found that SWCNTs had positive effects on poplar growth, as reflected by significantly increased plant height, leaf size, and fresh and dry weight. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the SWCNTs were absorbed in the exposed poplar root cells. A relatively higher content of cellulose and lignin was observed in the SWCNTs-treated poplar stems than in those of the control plants. It also showed darker phloroglucinol staining in the stems of exposed plants than that in control plants. Further analysis showed that the activities of key enzymes related to cellulose synthesis (cellulose synthase, CesA) and lignin biosynthesis (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H; 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, 4CL; cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CAD) increased significantly after SWCNTs treatment. Consistent with the change trend of enzyme activity, the relative expression levels of a few lignin- and cellulose-related genes were activated by SWCNTs. Taken together, we proposed that SWCNTs have positive effects on poplar wood formation by modifying the expression of enzymes involved in the cellulose and lignin synthesis pathways. Our data suggest the modifications of wood formation through SWCNTs application could be a useful strategy for improvement of wood bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China; The Institute of Ecological Garden, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ruiling Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Tree Research in Ganzi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan, 626000, PR China
| | - Ningning An
- Yantai Laishan Garden Construction and Maintenance Center, PR China
| | - Yadong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Fanlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China; The Institute of Ecological Garden, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
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Identification and expression analysis of the PtGATL genes under different nitrogen and carbon dioxide treatments in Populus trichocarpa. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:67. [PMID: 35223353 PMCID: PMC8837729 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin is one of the most important components of the plant cell wall. Galacturonosyltransferase-like (GATL) is an important enzyme involved in forming pectin in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, 12 PtGATL genes were identified and characterized based on the Populus trichocarpa genome using bioinformatics methods. The results showed that the PtGATLs contained four typical motifs, including DXD, LPPF, GLG, and HXXGXXKPW. According to phylogenetic analysis, PtGATLs were divided into six groups. Chromosome distribution and genome synteny analysis showed that there were 11 segmental-duplicated gene pairs with repeated fragments on chromosomes 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 14. Tissue-specific expression profiles indicated that these PtGATLs had different expression patterns. The transcription level of PtGATLs was regulated by different carbon dioxide and nitrogen concentrations. In conclusion, the identification and analysis of PtGATL genes in poplar provide important information on the gene function. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03129-y.
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Whole-Tree Response of Non-Structural Carbohydrates, Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations in Two Temperate Tree Species to 10-Year Nitrogen Fertilization. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term nitrogen fertilization on non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and nitrogen (N) status and their interaction in mature trees at the whole-tree scale. Ten g N m−2 yr−1 of ammonium nitrate fertilizer were applied to 26-year-old Larix gmelinii Rupr. (larch) and Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. (ash) trees in Northeastern China from 2002 to 2012. NSC, total carbon (C) and total N concentrations in different compartments were examined. For both species, concentrations of NSC and their components (soluble sugars and starch) tended to increase in aboveground organs but decrease in fine roots following N fertilization, with significant (p < 0.05) changes only observed in ash stems and larch roots. N fertilization increased N concentrations and decreased the C:N ratio in all organs, especially in foliage and roots, while the effects of fertilization on total C concentrations varied with tree species and organs. Concentrations of NSC (mainly reflected in soluble sugar) were generally negatively correlated with N concentration in fine roots but positively related to N concentration in aboveground woody organs in both control and fertilized treatments. However, fertilization strengthened this correlation in fine roots and weakened this relationship in aboveground organs. This study provides a decade-long insight into the effect of currently increasing N deposition on tree growth and function.
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Zuo Z, Sun X, Cao L, Zhang S, Yu J, Xu X, Xu Z, Liu G, Qu C. Genome-wide identification of FRK genes in Populus trichocarpa and their expression under different nitrogen treatments. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1919-1931. [PMID: 34616114 PMCID: PMC8484491 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructokinase (FRK) is the main fructose phosphorylase and plays an important role in catalyzing the irreversible reaction of free fructose phosphorylation. In order to study the regulatory effect of different forms and concentrations of nitrogen on PtFRK genes in Populus trichocarpa, seven genes encoding the hypothetical FRK proteins were identified in Populus trichocarpa genome by bioinformatics method. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PtFRK family genes can be divided into two subgroups: SI (PtFRK 1, 3, 4, 6) and SII (PtFRK 2, 5, 7). The tissue-specific expression data obtained from PopGenIE indicate that PtFRK2, 3, 4 and 5 are expressed highly in the stem. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR illustrate that PtFRK1-7 showed different expression patterns in different tissues under different concentrations and morphological nitrogen application. Under high nitrate treatment, the expression levels of PtFRK1, 2, 3 and 6 in stem increased significantly, while under low nitrate treatment, only the expression of PtFRK1, 4 in the upper stem and the expression of PtFRK3, 5 in the lower stem increased significantly. In contrast, ammonium tends to inhibit the expression of PtFRKs in lower stems, the expression levels of PtFRK2, 3, 4 and 5 are significantly reduced under ammonium treatment. However, high ammonium had significant effects on PtFRK6 in the apical bud and upper leaves, which were 6 and 8 times of the control, respectively. These results laid the foundation for the study of the PtFRK gene family of poplar and provided a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of nitrogen regulating cell wall development. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01055-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Daxinganling Survey, Planning and Design Institute of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiagedaqi, 165000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunpu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
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Genome Identification and Expression Profiles in Response to Nitrogen Treatment Analysis of the Class I CCoAOMT Gene Family in Populus. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:656-675. [PMID: 34410559 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is essential for the characteristics and quality of timber. Nitrogen has significant effects on lignin contents in plants. Nitrogen has been found to affect wood quality in plantations and lignin content in plants. Caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is an important methyltransferase in lignin biosynthesis. However, the classification of woody plant CCoAOMT gene family members and the regulation mechanism of nitrogen are not clear. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the members, classification, and transcriptional distribution of the CCoAOMT gene family in Populus trichocarpa. The results showed that there were five PtCCoAOMTs identified, and they could be divided into three sub-groups according to their structural and phylogenetic features. The results of tissue expression specificity analysis showed that: PtCCoAOMT1 was highly expressed in roots and internodes; PtCCoAOMT2 was highly expressed in roots, nodes, and internodes, PtCCoAOMT3 was highly expressed in stems; PtCCoAOMT4 was highly expressed in young leaves, and, PtCCoAOMT5 was highly expressed in roots. Different forms and concentrations of nitrogen had varying effects on the expression patterns of genes in different plant tissue types. The results of real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of PtCCoAOMT1 and PtCCoAOMT2 in stems increased significantly under different forms of nitrogen. PtCCoAOMT3 and PtCCoAOMT4 were induced by nitrate nitrogen in upper stems and lower leaves, respectively. PtCCoAOMT4 and PtCCoAOMT5 were induced by different concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in lower stems and roots, respectively. These results could provide valuable information for revealing the differences between functions and expression patterns of the various CCoAOMT gene family members under different forms and concentrations of exogenous nitrogen in poplar.
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Zhang S, Cao L, Sun X, Yu J, Xu X, Chang R, Suo J, Liu G, Xu Z, Qu C. Genome-wide analysis of UGDH genes in Populus trichocarpa and responsiveness to nitrogen treatment. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:149. [PMID: 33732570 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH) is an important enzyme for the formation of hemicellulose and pectin. Previous studies on UGDH have primarily focused on the biosynthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, while few studies have focused on their regulation by exogenous nitrogen. In the present study, four genes encoding PtUGDH proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. And, the expression profiles of PtUGDH genes under different nitrogen treatments were evaluated with qRT-PCR. The results showed that PtUGDHs have conserved NAD coenzyme binding motif GAGYVGG and the catalytic motif GFGGSCFQKDIL. According to the phylogenetic analysis, PtUGDHs were divided into two subgroups. PtUGDH3 and PtUGDH4 were closely related to AtUGDH1 (important for normal development of Arabidopsis cell wall structure). Chromosomal distribution and genome synteny analysis revealed four segmental-duplicated gene pairs on chr4, 8, 10 and 17. Tissue-specific data from PlantGenIE showed that PtUGDH3 and PtUGDH4 were highly expressed in stems. The qRT-PCR detection showed that the expression of PtUGDH3 in the lower stem and PtUGDH2 of upper leaves were significantly increased induced by low ammonium or nitrate condition. This comprehensive analysis of the UGDH family in poplar provides new insights into their regulation by nitrogen, and would increase our understanding of the roles of UGDHs in hemicellulose and pectin biosynthesis in the cell wall and during poplar development. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02697-9.
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Chen J, Qu C, Chang R, Suo J, Yu J, Sun X, Liu G, Xu Z. Genome-wide identification of BXL genes in Populus trichocarpa and their expression under different nitrogen treatments. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:57. [PMID: 32015953 PMCID: PMC6975742 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
β-d-xylosidase (BXL) hydrolyzes xylobiose and xylo-oligosaccharides into xylose monomers, and is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of hemicellulose in the cell wall. In this study, ten genes encoding putative BXL proteins were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome by bioinformatics methods. In the phylogenetic analysis, the PtBXLs formed two subfamilies. PtBXL8 and PtBXL9 were closely related to AtBXL1, an important enzyme in the normal development of the Arabidopsis cell wall structure. Chromosomal distribution and genome synteny analyses revealed two tandem-duplicated gene pairs PtBXL3/4 and PtBXL6/7 on chromosomes II and V, respectively, and six segmental-duplicated gene pairs on chromosomes II, V, VIII, X, and XIV among the PtBXL gene family. Tissue-specific expression data from PlantGenIE indicated that PtBXL2, 4, 5, and 10 were highly expressed in stems. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that PtBXL4, 5, and 9 were up-regulated in the upper stem in response to the low and high ammonium and nitrate treatments. The influence of nitrogen on the expression of PtBXL4, 5, and 9 genes may affect the formation of the plant secondary cell wall. This comprehensive analysis of the BXL family in poplar provides new insights into their regulation by nitrogen and increases our understanding of the roles of BXLs in hemicellulose metabolism in the secondary cell wall and during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunpu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruhui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanfang Suo
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
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Wessels B, Seyfferth C, Escamez S, Vain T, Antos K, Vahala J, Delhomme N, Kangasjärvi J, Eder M, Felten J, Tuominen H. An AP2/ERF transcription factor ERF139 coordinates xylem cell expansion and secondary cell wall deposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:1585-1599. [PMID: 31125440 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of xylem elements involves cell expansion, secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition and programmed cell death. Transitions between these phases require strict spatiotemporal control. The function of Populus ERF139 (Potri.013G101100) in xylem differentiation was characterized in transgenic overexpression and dominant repressor lines of ERF139 in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). Xylem properties, SCW chemistry and downstream targets were analyzed in both types of transgenic trees using microscopy techniques, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, pyrolysis-GC/MS, wet chemistry methods and RNA sequencing. Opposite phenotypes were observed in the secondary xylem vessel sizes and SCW chemistry in the two different types of transgenic trees, supporting the function of ERF139 in suppressing the radial expansion of vessel elements and stimulating accumulation of guaiacyl-type lignin and possibly also xylan. Comparative transcriptomics identified genes related to SCW biosynthesis (LAC5, LBD15, MYB86) and salt and drought stress-responsive genes (ANAC002, ABA1) as potential direct targets of ERF139. The phenotypes of the transgenic trees and the stem expression profiles of ERF139 potential target genes support the role of ERF139 as a transcriptional regulator of xylem cell expansion and SCW formation, possibly in response to osmotic changes of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Wessels
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Carolin Seyfferth
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Sacha Escamez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Thomas Vain
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90183, Sweden
| | - Kamil Antos
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Jorma Vahala
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, VIPS, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1 (POB65), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90183, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, VIPS, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1 (POB65), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Michaela Eder
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Judith Felten
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90183, Sweden
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
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Lu Y, Deng S, Li Z, Wu J, Liu Q, Liu W, Yu WJ, Zhang Y, Shi W, Zhou J, Li H, Polle A, Luo ZB. Competing Endogenous RNA Networks Underlying Anatomical and Physiological Characteristics of Poplar Wood in Acclimation to Low Nitrogen Availability. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2478-2495. [PMID: 31368491 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although poplar plantations are often established on nitrogen (N)-poor soil, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying wood properties of poplars in acclimation to low N availability remain largely unknown. To investigate wood properties of poplars in acclimation to low N, Populus � canescens saplings were exposed to either 50 (low N) or 500 (normal N) �M NH4NO3 for 2 months. Low N resulted in decreased xylem width and cell layers of the xylem (the number of cells counted along the ray parenchyma on the stem cross section), narrower lumina of vessels and fibers, greater thickness of double fiber walls (the walls between two adjacent fiber cells), more hemicellulose and lignin deposition, and reduced cellulose accumulation in poplar wood. Consistently, concentrations of gibberellins involved in cell size determination and the abundance of various metabolites including amino acids, carbohydrates and precursors for cell wall biosynthesis were decreased in low N-supplied wood. In line with these anatomical and physiological changes, a number of mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were significantly differentially expressed. Competing endogenous RNA regulatory networks were identified in the wood of low N-treated poplars. Overall, these results indicate that miRNAs-lncRNAs-mRNAs networks are involved in regulating wood properties and physiological processes of poplars in acclimation to low N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shurong Deng
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiangting Wu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Liu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jian Yu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Postgraduate School, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, B�sgenweg 2, G�ttingen, Germany
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
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14
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Seyfferth C, Wessels BA, Gorzsás A, Love JW, Rüggeberg M, Delhomme N, Vain T, Antos K, Tuominen H, Sundberg B, Felten J. Ethylene Signaling Is Required for Fully Functional Tension Wood in Hybrid Aspen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1101. [PMID: 31611886 PMCID: PMC6775489 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tension wood (TW) in hybrid aspen trees forms on the upper side of displaced stems to generate a strain that leads to uplifting of the stem. TW is characterized by increased cambial growth, reduced vessel frequency and diameter, and the presence of gelatinous, cellulose-rich (G-)fibers with its microfibrils oriented parallel to the fiber cell axis. Knowledge remains limited about the molecular regulators required for the development of this special xylem tissue with its characteristic morphological, anatomical, and chemical features. In this study, we use transgenic, ethylene-insensitive (ETI) hybrid aspen trees together with time-lapse imaging to show that functional ethylene signaling is required for full uplifting of inclined stems. X-ray diffraction and Raman microspectroscopy of TW in ETI trees indicate that, although G-fibers form, the cellulose microfibril angle in the G-fiber S-layer is decreased, and the chemical composition of S- and G-layers is altered than in wild-type TW. The characteristic asymmetric growth and reduction of vessel density is suppressed during TW formation in ETI trees. A genome-wide transcriptome profiling reveals ethylene-dependent genes in TW, related to cell division, cell wall composition, vessel differentiation, microtubule orientation, and hormone crosstalk. Our results demonstrate that ethylene regulates transcriptional responses related to the amount of G-fiber formation and their properties (chemistry and cellulose microfibril angle) during TW formation. The quantitative and qualitative changes in G-fibers are likely to contribute to uplifting of stems that are displaced from their original position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Seyfferth
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernard A. Wessels
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Markus Rüggeberg
- Institute for Building Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories of Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Vain
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Kamil Antos
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Sundberg
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Stora Enso AB, Nacka, Sweden
| | - Judith Felten
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Jiang X, Liu N, Lu X, Huang JG, Cheng J, Guo X, Wu S. Canopy and understory nitrogen addition increase the xylem tracheid size of dominant broadleaf species in a subtropical forest of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:733-741. [PMID: 29920460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree xylem anatomy is associated with carbon accumulation and wood quality. Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition can cause a significant effect on xylem anatomy, but related information is limited for subtropical broadleaf tree species. A 3-year field N addition experiment, with different N addition approaches (canopy and understory) and addition rates (0, 25, and 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1), was performed beginning in 2013 in a subtropical forest of China. N addition effects on xylem tracheid (wall and lumen) size, vessel, and growth of dominant broadleaf species (Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Castanopsis chinensis (Sprengel) Hance) were investigated. The results showed that The effect of N addition on tracheid size was dependent on the tree species and addition approaches. Canopy N addition did not affect the tracheid size of C. chinensis, while both addition approaches increased the tracheid size of S. superba. The vessel size of both species was not affected by N addition. There was no difference in radial growth or other growth-related variables between the control and N-treated trees. These findings indicated that short-term N addition could significantly affect xylem anatomy, but might not influence tree growth. Meanwhile, understory N addition may pose challenges for mechanistic understanding and forest dynamics projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Jiong Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiali Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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16
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Vieira CR, Weber OLS, Scaramuzza JF. Ash content, carbon and C/N ratio in paricá in function of NPK fertilization. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:333-341. [PMID: 29412219 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820150519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization in areas of forest plantations is needed to supplement plants´ nutritional needs until harvest. An experiment was performed to check the influence of fertilization on levels of ash, carbon and C/N relation in Schizolobium amazonicum. Soil liming was performed and fertilization occurred after 15 days of incubation. S. amazonicum seedlings were produced and submitted to fertilization with N, P and K: N = 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1; P2O5 = 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1; K2O = 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1. The plants were measured after 180 days. The seedlings of 20 treatments with the highest increase in height and diameter were transplanted to the field. Soil was fertilized and limestone was spread; seedlings were distributed into randomized blocks, with six replications. After 12 months, the plants were removed to determine ash, organic carbon, C/N relation contents. The ashes were submitted to digestion to determine nutrient concentrations. Fertilization influenced the levels of ash and organic carbon and C/N relation in S. amazonicum. Results indicate that the species has a potential for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R Vieira
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade de Cuiabá, Avenida Manoel José de Arruda, 3100, Jardim Europa, 78065-443 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Oscarlina L S Weber
- Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Cuiabá, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Scaramuzza
- Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Cuiabá, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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17
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Salvato F, Wilson R, Portilla Llerena JP, Kiyota E, Lima Reis K, Boaretto LF, Balbuena TS, Azevedo RA, Thelen JJ, Mazzafera P. Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3688-3703. [PMID: 28836437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sugar cane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. Its lignocellulosic biomass represents a promising option as feedstock for second-generation ethanol production. Nitrogen fertilization can affect differently tissues and its biopolymers, including the cell-wall polysaccharides and lignin. Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. Thus it is important to understand the metabolic relationship between nitrogen fertilization and lignin in this feedstock. In this study, a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS was employed to identify and relatively quantify proteins differently accumulated in two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition after excessive nitrogen fertilization. From the ∼1000 nonredundant proteins identified, 28 and 177 were differentially accumulated in response to nitrogen from IACSP04-065 and IACSP04-627 lines, respectively. These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. Although nitrogen fertilization has not changed lignin content, phenolic acids and lignin composition were changed in both species but not in the same way. Sucrose and reducing sugars increased in plants of the genotype IACSP04-065 receiving nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Salvato
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rashaun Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Portilla Llerena
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Karina Lima Reis
- Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Boaretto
- Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago S Balbuena
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
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18
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Goulao LF, Fernandes JC, Amâncio S. How the Depletion in Mineral Major Elements Affects Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) Primary Cell Wall. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1439. [PMID: 28871267 PMCID: PMC5566972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The noteworthy fine remodeling that plant cell walls (CWs) undergo to adapt to developmental, physiological and environmental cues and the observation that its composition and dynamics differ between species represents an opportunity to couple crop species agronomic studies with research on CW modifications. Vitis vinifera is one of the most important crops from an economic point-of-view due to the high value of the fruit, predominantly for winemaking. The availability of some information related to this species' CWs allows researching its responses to imposed conditions that affect the plant's development. Mineral deficiency, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, strongly affects plant metabolism, reducing both growth and crop yield. Despite the importance of mineral nutrition in development, its influence on CW synthesis and modifications is still insufficiently documented. Addressing this knowledge gap, V. vinifera experimental models were used to study CW responses to imposed mineral depletion in unorganized (callus) and organized (shoots) tissues. The discussion of the obtained results is the main focus of this review. Callus and shoots submitted to mineral restriction are impaired in specific CW components, predominantly cellulose. Reorganization on structure and deposition of several other polymers, in particular the degree and pattern of pectin methyl-esterification and the amount of xyloglucan (XyG), arabinan and extensin, is also observed. In view of recently proposed CW models that consider biomechanical hotspots and direct linkages between pectins and XyG/cellulose, the outcome of these modifications in explaining maintenance of CW integrity through compensatory stiffening can be debated. Nutrient stresses do not affect evenly all tissues with undifferentiated callus tissues showing more pronounced responses, followed by shoot mature internodes, and then newly formed internodes. The impact of nitrogen depletion leads to more noticeable responses, supporting this nutrient's primary role in plant development and metabolism. The consequential compensatory mechanisms highlight the pivotal role of CW in rearranging under environmental stresses.
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19
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Fernandes JC, Goulao LF, Amâncio S. Immunolocalization of cell wall polymers in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) internodes under nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur deficiency. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:1151-1163. [PMID: 27417099 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact on cell wall (CW) of the deficiency in nitrogen (-N), phosphorus (-P) or sulphur (-S), known to impair essential metabolic pathways, was investigated in the economically important fruit species Vitis vinifera L. Using cuttings as an experimental model a reduction in total internode number and altered xylem shape was observed. Under -N an increased internode length was also seen. CW composition, visualised after staining with calcofluor white, Toluidine blue and ruthenium red, showed decreased cellulose in all stresses and increased pectin content in recently formed internodes under -N compared to the control. Using CW-epitope specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), lower amounts of extensins incorporated in the wall were also observed under -N and -P conditions. Conversely, increased pectins with a low degree of methyl-esterification and richer in long linear 1,5-arabinan rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) side chains were observed under -N and -P in mature internodes which, in the former condition, were able to form dimeric association through calcium ions. -N was the only condition in which 1,5-arabinan branched RG-I content was not altered, as -P and -S older internodes showed, respectively, lower and higher amounts of this polymer. Higher xyloglucan content in older internodes was also observed under -N. The results suggest that impairments of specific CW components led to changes in the deposition of other polymers to promote stiffening of the CW. The unchanged extensin amount observed under -S may contribute to attenuating the effects on the CW integrity caused by this stress. Our work showed that, in organized V. vinifera tissues, modifications in a given CW component can be compensated by synthesis of different polymers and/or alternative linking between polymers. The results also pinpoint different strategies at the CW level to overcome mineral stress depending on how essential they are to cell growth and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Fernandes
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L F Goulao
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
- BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT, IP), Pólo Mendes Ferrão-Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Amâncio
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Wang W, Li R, Zhu Q, Tang X, Zhao Q. Transcriptomic and physiological analysis of common duckweed Lemna minor responses to NH4(+) toxicity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:92. [PMID: 27091123 PMCID: PMC4835947 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants can suffer ammonium (NH4 (+)) toxicity, particularly when NH4 (+) is supplied as the sole nitrogen source. However, our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of NH4 (+) toxicity is still largely unknown. Lemna minor, a model duckweed species, can grow well in high NH4 (+) environment but to some extent can also suffer toxic effects. The transcriptomic and physiological analysis of L. minor responding to high NH4 (+) may provide us some interesting and useful information not only in toxic processes, but also in tolerance mechanisms. RESULTS The L. minor cultured in the Hoagland solution were used as the control (NC), and in two NH4 (+) concentrations (NH4 (+) was the sole nitrogen source), 84 mg/L (A84) and 840 mg/L (A840) were used as stress treatments. The NH4 (+) toxicity could inhibit the growth of L. minor. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death were studied using stained fronds under toxic levels of NH4 (+). The malondialdehyde content and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased from NC to A840, rather than catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. A total of 6.62G nucleotides were generated from the three distinct libraries. A total of 14,207 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among 70,728 unigenes were obtained. All the DEGs could be clustered into 7 profiles. Most DEGs were down-regulated under NH4 (+) toxicity. The genes required for lignin biosynthesis in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated. ROS oxidative-related genes and programmed cell death (PCD)-related genes were also analyzed and indicated oxidative damage and PCD occurring under NH4 (+) toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The first large transcriptome study in L. minor responses to NH4 (+) toxicity was reported in this work. NH4 (+) toxicity could induce ROS accumulation that causes oxidative damage and thus induce cell death in L. minor. The antioxidant enzyme system was activated under NH4 (+) toxicity for ROS scavenging. The phenylpropanoid pathway was stimulated under NH4 (+) toxicity. The increased lignin biosynthesis might play an important role in NH4 (+) toxicity resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguo Wang
- />Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan PR China
- />Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan PR China
| | - Rui Li
- />Faculty of Biotechnology Industry, Chengdu University, 1 Shiling Street, Chengluo Road, 610106 Chengdu, Sichuan PR China
| | - Qili Zhu
- />Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan PR China
- />Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- />Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan PR China
- />Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- />Faculty of Biotechnology Industry, Chengdu University, 1 Shiling Street, Chengluo Road, 610106 Chengdu, Sichuan PR China
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21
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Li C, Korpelainen H. Transcriptomic regulatory network underlying morphological and physiological acclimation to nitrogen starvation and excess in poplar roots and leaves. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1279-1282. [PMID: 26491054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Li
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Luo J, Zhou J, Li H, Shi W, Polle A, Lu M, Sun X, Luo ZB. Global poplar root and leaf transcriptomes reveal links between growth and stress responses under nitrogen starvation and excess. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1283-302. [PMID: 26420789 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) starvation and excess have distinct effects on N uptake and metabolism in poplars, but the global transcriptomic changes underlying morphological and physiological acclimation to altered N availability are unknown. We found that N starvation stimulated the fine root length and surface area by 54 and 49%, respectively, decreased the net photosynthetic rate by 15% and reduced the concentrations of NH4+, NO3(-) and total free amino acids in the roots and leaves of Populus simonii Carr. in comparison with normal N supply, whereas N excess had the opposite effect in most cases. Global transcriptome analysis of roots and leaves elucidated the specific molecular responses to N starvation and excess. Under N starvation and excess, gene ontology (GO) terms related to ion transport and response to auxin stimulus were enriched in roots, whereas the GO term for response to abscisic acid stimulus was overrepresented in leaves. Common GO terms for all N treatments in roots and leaves were related to development, N metabolism, response to stress and hormone stimulus. Approximately 30-40% of the differentially expressed genes formed a transcriptomic regulatory network under each condition. These results suggest that global transcriptomic reprogramming plays a key role in the morphological and physiological acclimation of poplar roots and leaves to N starvation and excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Andrea Polle
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Berthod N, Brereton NJB, Pitre FE, Labrecque M. Five willow varieties cultivated across diverse field environments reveal stem density variation associated with high tension wood abundance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:948. [PMID: 26583024 PMCID: PMC4628129 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable and inexpensive production of biomass is necessary to make biofuel production feasible, but represents a challenge. Five short rotation coppice willow cultivars, selected for high biomass yield, were cultivated on sites at four diverse regions of Quebec in contrasting environments. Wood composition and anatomical traits were characterized. Tree height and stem diameter were measured to evaluate growth performance of the cultivars according to the diverse pedoclimatic conditions. Each cultivar showed very specific responses to its environment. While no significant variation in lignin content was observed between sites, there was variation between cultivars. Surprisingly, the pattern of substantial genotype variability in stem density was maintained across all sites. However, wood anatomy did differ between sites in a cultivar (producing high and low density wood), suggesting a probable response to an abiotic stress. Furthermore, twice as many cellulose-rich G-fibers, comprising over 50% of secondary xylem, were also found in the high density wood, a finding with potential to bring higher value to the lignocellulosic bioethanol industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthod
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of Montréal, MontrealQC, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. B. Brereton
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montreal Botanical Garden and University of Montréal, MontrealQC, Canada
| | - Frédéric E. Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of Montréal, MontrealQC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of Montréal, MontrealQC, Canada
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Gonzalez E, Brereton NJB, Marleau J, Guidi Nissim W, Labrecque M, Pitre FE, Joly S. Meta-transcriptomics indicates biotic cross-tolerance in willow trees cultivated on petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:246. [PMID: 26459343 PMCID: PMC4603587 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) pollution can be hazardous to human health and leave soils incapable of supporting agricultural crops. A cheap solution, which can help restore biodiversity and bring land back to productivity, is cultivation of high biomass yielding willow trees. However, the genetic mechanisms which allow these fast-growing trees to tolerate PHCs are as yet unclear. METHODS Salix purpurea 'Fish Creek' trees were pot-grown in soil from a former petroleum refinery, either lacking or enriched with C10-C50 PHCs. De novo assembled transcriptomes were compared between tree organs and impartially annotated without a priori constraint to any organism. RESULTS Over 45% of differentially expressed genes originated from foreign organisms, the majority from the two-spotted spidermite, Tetranychus urticae. Over 99% of T. urticae transcripts were differentially expressed with greater abundance in non-contaminated trees. Plant transcripts involved in the polypropanoid pathway, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), had greater expression in contaminated trees whereas most resistance genes showed higher expression in non-contaminated trees. CONCLUSIONS The impartial approach to annotation of the de novo transcriptomes, allowing for the possibility for multiple species identification, was essential for interpretation of the crop's response treatment. The meta-transcriptomic pattern of expression suggests a cross-tolerance mechanism whereby abiotic stress resistance systems provide improved biotic resistance. These findings highlight a valuable but complex biotic and abiotic stress response to real-world, multidimensional contamination which could, in part, help explain why crops such as willow can produce uniquely high biomass yields on challenging marginal land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Nicholas J B Brereton
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Julie Marleau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | | | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
- Montreal Botanical Gardens, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Frederic E Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
- Montreal Botanical Gardens, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Simon Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
- Montreal Botanical Gardens, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
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Euring D, Bai H, Janz D, Polle A. Nitrogen-driven stem elongation in poplar is linked with wood modification and gene clusters for stress, photosynthesis and cell wall formation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:391. [PMID: 25547614 PMCID: PMC4302602 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen is an important nutrient, often limiting plant productivity and yield. In poplars, woody crops used as feedstock for renewable resources and bioenergy, nitrogen fertilization accelerates growth of the young, expanding stem internodes. The underlying molecular mechanisms of nitrogen use for extension growth in poplars are not well understood. The aim of this study was to dissect the nitrogen-responsive transcriptional network in the elongation zone of Populus trichocarpa in relation to extension growth and cell wall properties. RESULTS Transcriptome analyses in the first two internodes of P. trichocarpa stems grown without or with nitrogen fertilization (5 mM NH4NO3) revealed 1037 more than 2-fold differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Co-expression analysis extracted a network containing about one-third of the DEGs with three main complexes of strongly clustered genes. These complexes represented three main processes that were responsive to N-driven growth: Complex 1 integrated growth processes and stress suggesting that genes with established functions in abiotic and biotic stress are also recruited to coordinate growth. Complex 2 was enriched in genes with decreased transcript abundance and functionally annotated as photosynthetic hub. Complex 3 was a hub for secondary cell wall formation connecting well-known transcription factors that control secondary cell walls with genes for the formation of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Anatomical and biochemical analysis supported that N-driven growth resulted in early secondary cell wall formation in the elongation zone with thicker cell walls and increased lignin. These alterations contrasted the N influence on the secondary xylem, where thinner cell walls with lower lignin contents than in unfertilized trees were formed. CONCLUSION This study uncovered that nitrogen-responsive elongation growth of poplar internodes is linked with abiotic stress, suppression of photosynthetic genes and stimulation of genes for cell wall formation. Anatomical and biochemical analysis supported increased accumulation of cell walls and secondary metabolites in the elongation zone. The finding of a nitrogen-responsive cell wall hub may have wider implications for the improvement of tree nitrogen use efficiency and opens new perspectives on the enhancement of wood composition as a feedstock for biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Euring
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hua Bai
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Yu H, Soler M, Mila I, San Clemente H, Savelli B, Dunand C, Paiva JAP, Myburg AA, Bouzayen M, Grima-Pettenati J, Cassan-Wang H. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) gene family in Eucalyptus grandis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108906. [PMID: 25269088 PMCID: PMC4182523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is a central hormone involved in a wide range of developmental processes including the specification of vascular stem cells. Auxin Response Factors (ARF) are important actors of the auxin signalling pathway, regulating the transcription of auxin-responsive genes through direct binding to their promoters. The recent availability of the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence allowed us to examine the characteristics and evolutionary history of this gene family in a woody plant of high economic importance. With 17 members, the E. grandis ARF gene family is slightly contracted, as compared to those of most angiosperms studied hitherto, lacking traces of duplication events. In silico analysis of alternative transcripts and gene truncation suggested that these two mechanisms were preeminent in shaping the functional diversity of the ARF family in Eucalyptus. Comparative phylogenetic analyses with genomes of other taxonomic lineages revealed the presence of a new ARF clade found preferentially in woody and/or perennial plants. High-throughput expression profiling among different organs and tissues and in response to environmental cues highlighted genes expressed in vascular cambium and/or developing xylem, responding dynamically to various environmental stimuli. Finally, this study allowed identification of three ARF candidates potentially involved in the auxin-regulated transcriptional program underlying wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- LRSV Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Toulouse III/CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Marçal Soler
- LRSV Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Toulouse III/CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Isabelle Mila
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- LRSV Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Toulouse III/CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Bruno Savelli
- LRSV Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Toulouse III/CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- LRSV Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Toulouse III/CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Jorge A. P. Paiva
- Instituto de Investigação Científica e Tropical (IICT/MCTES), Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- LRSV Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Toulouse III/CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Hua Cassan-Wang
- LRSV Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Toulouse III/CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
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Camargo ELO, Nascimento LC, Soler M, Salazar MM, Lepikson-Neto J, Marques WL, Alves A, Teixeira PJPL, Mieczkowski P, Carazzolle MF, Martinez Y, Deckmann AC, Rodrigues JC, Grima-Pettenati J, Pereira GAG. Contrasting nitrogen fertilization treatments impact xylem gene expression and secondary cell wall lignification in Eucalyptus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:256. [PMID: 25260963 PMCID: PMC4189757 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is a main nutrient required for tree growth and biomass accumulation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of contrasting nitrogen fertilization treatments on the phenotypes of fast growing Eucalyptus hybrids (E. urophylla x E. grandis) with a special focus on xylem secondary cell walls and global gene expression patterns. RESULTS Histological observations of the xylem secondary cell walls further confirmed by chemical analyses showed that lignin was reduced by luxuriant fertilization, whereas a consistent lignin deposition was observed in trees grown in N-limiting conditions. Also, the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio was significantly lower in luxuriant nitrogen samples. Deep sequencing RNAseq analyses allowed us to identify a high number of differentially expressed genes (1,469) between contrasting N treatments. This number is dramatically higher than those obtained in similar studies performed in poplar but using microarrays. Remarkably, all the genes involved the general phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignin pathway were found to be down-regulated in response to high N availability. These findings further confirmed by RT-qPCR are in agreement with the reduced amount of lignin in xylem secondary cell walls of these plants. CONCLUSIONS This work enabled us to identify, at the whole genome level, xylem genes differentially regulated by N availability, some of which are involved in the environmental control of xylogenesis. It further illustrates that N fertilization can be used to alter the quantity and quality of lignocellulosic biomass in Eucalyptus, offering exciting prospects for the pulp and paper industry and for the use of short coppices plantations to produce second generation biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Leal Oliveira Camargo
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
- />Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546: CNRS - Université de Toulouse III (UPS), Auzeville, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Leandro Costa Nascimento
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marçal Soler
- />Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546: CNRS - Université de Toulouse III (UPS), Auzeville, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marcela Mendes Salazar
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jorge Lepikson-Neto
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wesley Leoricy Marques
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Alves
- />Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forestry and Forest Products Group, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
- />Centro de Estudos Florestais, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Falsarella Carazzolle
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Yves Martinez
- />Fédération de Recherche “Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité”, 24 Chemin de borde rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ana Carolina Deckmann
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Rodrigues
- />Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forestry and Forest Products Group, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
- />Centro de Estudos Florestais, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- />Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546: CNRS - Université de Toulouse III (UPS), Auzeville, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
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Palacio S, Aitkenhead M, Escudero A, Montserrat-Martí G, Maestro M, Robertson AHJ. Gypsophile chemistry unveiled: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides new insight into plant adaptations to gypsum soils. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107285. [PMID: 25222564 PMCID: PMC4164602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gypsum soils are among the most restrictive and widespread substrates for plant life. Plants living on gypsum are classified as gypsophiles (exclusive to gypsum) and gypsovags (non-exclusive to gypsum). The former have been separated into wide and narrow gypsophiles, each with a putative different ecological strategy. Mechanisms displayed by gypsum plants to compete and survive on gypsum are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to compare the main chemical groups in the leaves of plants with different specificity to gypsum soils and to explore the ability of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analyzed with neural network (NN) modelling to discriminate groups of gypsum plants. Leaf samples of 14 species with different specificity to gypsum soils were analysed with FTIR spectroscopy coupled to neural network (NN) modelling. Spectral data were further related to the N, C, S, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg and ash concentrations of samples. The FTIR spectra of the three groups analyzed showed distinct features that enabled their discrimination through NN models. Wide gypsophiles stood out for the strong presence of inorganic compounds in their leaves, particularly gypsum and, in some species, also calcium oxalate crystals. The spectra of gypsovags had less inorganic chemical species, while those of narrow gypsum endemisms had low inorganics but shared with wide gypsophiles the presence of oxalate. Gypsum and calcium oxalate crystals seem to be widespread amongst gypsum specialist plants, possibly as a way to tolerate excess Ca and sulphate. However, other mechanisms such as the accumulation of sulphates in organic molecules are also compatible with plant specialization to gypsum. While gypsovags seem to be stress tolerant plants that tightly regulate the uptake of S and Ca, the ability of narrow gypsum endemisms to accumulate excess Ca as oxalate may indicate their incipient specialization to gypsum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Jaca, Huesca, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Matt Aitkenhead
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Biodiversity and Conservation Group, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Poplar genetic engineering: promoting desirable wood characteristics and pest resistance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5669-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Plavcová L, Hacke UG, Almeida-Rodriguez AM, Li E, Douglas CJ. Gene expression patterns underlying changes in xylem structure and function in response to increased nitrogen availability in hybrid poplar. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:186-99. [PMID: 22734437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen availability has a strong influence on plant growth and development. In this study, we examined the effect of nitrogen availability on xylogenesis in hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x deltoides H11-11). Saplings of hybrid poplar were fertilized for 33 d with either high or adequate levels of ammonium nitrate. We observed enhanced radial growth, wider vessels and fibres and thinner fibre walls in the secondary xylem of high N relative to adequate N plants. These anatomical differences translated into altered hydraulic properties with xylem being more transport efficient but also more vulnerable to drought-induced cavitation in high N plants. The changes in xylem structure and function were associated with differences in gene expression as revealed by the transcriptome analysis of the developing xylem region. We found 388 genes differentially expressed (fold change ±1.5, P-value ≤ 0.05), including a number of genes putatively involved in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism and various aspects of xylem cell differentiation. Several genes encoding known transcriptional regulators of secondary cell wall deposition were down-regulated in high N plants, corresponding with thinner secondary cell walls in these plants. The results of this study provide us with gene candidates potentially affecting xylem hydraulic and structural traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Plavcová
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Li H, Li M, Luo J, Cao X, Qu L, Gai Y, Jiang X, Liu T, Bai H, Janz D, Polle A, Peng C, Luo ZB. N-fertilization has different effects on the growth, carbon and nitrogen physiology, and wood properties of slow- and fast-growing Populus species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:6173-85. [PMID: 23028021 PMCID: PMC3481209 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate how N-fertilization affects the growth, carbon and nitrogen (N) physiology, and wood properties of poplars with contrasting growth characteristics, slow-growing (Populus popularis, Pp) and fast-growing (P. alba×P. glandulosa, Pg) poplar saplings were exposed to different N levels. Above-ground biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic rates (A), instantaneous photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE (i)), chlorophyll and foliar sugar concentrations were higher in Pg than in Pp. Foliar nitrate reductase (NR) activities and root glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities were higher in Pg than in Pp as were the N amount and NUE of new shoots. Lignin contents and calorific values of Pg wood were less than that of Pp wood. N-fertilization reduced root biomass of Pg more than of Pp, but increased leaf biomass, leaf area, A, and PNUE(i) of Pg more than of Pp. Among 13 genes involved in the transport of ammonium or nitrate or in N assimilation, transcripts showed more pronounced changes to N-fertilization in Pg than in Pp. Increases in NR activities and N contents due to N-fertilization were larger in Pg than in Pp. In both species, N-fertilization resulted in lower calorific values as well as shorter and wider vessel elements/fibres. These results suggest that growth, carbon and N physiology, and wood properties are more sensitive to increasing N availability in fast-growing poplars than in slow-growing ones, which is probably due to prioritized resource allocation to the leaves and accelerated N physiological processes in fast-growing poplars under higher N levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Mengchun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xu Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Long Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ying Gai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Tongxian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Hua Bai
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Changhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
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Camargo E, Costa L, Soler M, Salazar M, Lepikson J, Gonçalves D, Marques W, Carazzolle M, Martinez Y, Grima-Pettenati J, Pereira G. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on global xylem transcript profiling of Eucalyptus urophylla x grandisevaluated by RNA-seq technology. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239949 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s7-p106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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