1
|
Kaziuk FD, Furlanetto ALDDM, Dos Santos ALW, Floh EIS, Donatti L, Merlin Rocha ME, Fortes F, Martinez GR, Cadena SMSC. The metabolic response of Araucaria angustifolia embryogenic cells to heat stress is associated with their maturation potential. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:1010-1027. [PMID: 37743049 DOI: 10.1071/fp22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Araucaria angustifolia is a critically endangered species and its distribution can be affected by an increase in temperature. In this study, we evaluated the effects of heat stress (30°C) on Araucaria angustifolia cell lines responsive (SE1) and non-responsive (SE6) to the development of somatic embryos. The viability of both cell lines was reduced by heat stress and mitochondria were the organelles most affected. Heat stress for 24h increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in SE1 cells, followed by a reduction at 48 and 72h. In SE6 cells, an increase occurred after 24 and 48h of stress, returning to control levels at 72h. H2 O2 levels were increased after 24h for both SE1 and SE6 cells, being higher for SE6. Interestingly, at 48 and 72h, H2 O2 levels decreased in SE1 cells, while in SE6, the values returned to the control levels. The respiration of SE6 cells in the presence of oxidisable substrates was inhibited by heat stress, in agreement with the high lipid peroxidation levels. The AaSERK1 gene was identified in both cultures, with greater expression in the SE1 line. Heat stress for 24 and 48h increased gene expression only in this cell line. The activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and enzymes of the glutathione/ascorbate cycle was increased in both cell lines subjected to heat stress. Catalase activity was increased only in SE6 cells at 72h of exposure. These results show that responsive SE1 cells can modulate ROS levels more efficiently than SE6 when these cells are stressed by heat. This ability may be related to the maturation capacity of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Diego Kaziuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucelia Donatti
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliane Merlin Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Fortes
- Department of Biology, State University of Paraná, União da Vitória, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fraga HPDF, Moraes PEC, Vieira LDN, Guerra MP. Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2648. [PMID: 37514262 PMCID: PMC10385530 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in conifers is usually characterized as a multi-step process starting with the development of proembryogenic cell masses and followed by histodifferentiation, somatic embryo development, maturation, desiccation, and plant regeneration. Our current understanding of conifers' SE is mainly derived from studies using Pinaceae species as a model. However, the evolutionary relationships between conifers are not clear. Some hypotheses consider conifers as a paraphyletic group and Gnetales as a closely related clade. In this review, we used an integrated approach in order to cover the advances in knowledge on SE in conifers and Gnetales, discussing the state-of-the-art and shedding light on similarities and current bottlenecks. With this approach, we expect to be able to better understand the integration of these clades within current studies on SE. Finally, the points discussed raise an intriguing question: are non-Pinaceae conifers less prone to expressing embryogenic competence and generating somatic embryos as compared to Pinaceae species? The development of fundamental studies focused on this morphogenetic route in the coming years could be the key to finding a higher number of points in common between these species, allowing the success of the SE of one species to positively affect the success of another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Eduarda Cardoso Moraes
- Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Leila do Nascimento Vieira
- Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Miguel Pedro Guerra
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos Campus, Ulysses Gaboardi Road, Km 3, Curitibanos 89520-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Wang H, Bao W, Sui M, Bai YE. Transcriptome Analysis of Embryogenic and Non-Embryogenic Callus of Picea Mongolica. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5232-5247. [PMID: 37504248 PMCID: PMC10378709 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Picea mongolica is a rare tree species in China, which is of great significance in combating desertification and improving the harsh ecological environment. Due to the low rate of natural regeneration, high mortality, and susceptibility to pests and cold springs, Picea mongolica has gradually become extinct. At present, somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the most effective method of micro-proliferation in conifers, but the induction rate of embryogenic callus (EC) is low, and EC is difficult to differentiate from non-embryonic callus (NEC). Therefore, the EC and NEC of Picea mongolica were compared from the morphology, histological, physiological, and transcriptional levels, respectively. Morphological observation showed that the EC was white and transparent filamentous, while the NEC was compact and brownish-brown lumpy. Histological analyses showed that the NEC cells were large and loosely arranged; the nuclei attached to the edge of the cells were small; the cytoplasm was low; and the cell gap was large and irregular. In the EC, small cells, closely arranged cells, and a large nucleus and nucleolus were observed. Physiological studies showed significant differences in ROS-scavenging enzymes between the EC and NEC. Transcriptome profiling revealed that 13,267 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 3682 were up-regulated, and 9585 were down-regulated. In total, 63 GO terms had significant enrichment, 32 DEGs in plant hormone signal transduction pathway were identified, and 502 different transcription factors (TFs) were characterized into 38 TF families. Meanwhile, we identified significant gene expression trends associated with somatic embryo development in plant hormones (AUX/IAA, YUCCA, LEA, etc.), stress (GST, HSP, GLP, etc.), phenylpropanoid metabolism (4CL, HCT, PAL, etc.), and transcription factors (AP2/ERF, MYB, WOX, etc.). In addition, nine genes were chosen for RT-qPCR, and the results were consistent with RNA-Seq data. This study revealed the changes in morphology, histology, physiology, and gene expression in the differentiation of NEC into EC and laid the foundation for finding the key genes to promote EC formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, China
| | - Wenquan Bao
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, China
| | - Mingming Sui
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, China
| | - Yu E Bai
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng C, Gao F, Wang H, Tretyakova IN, Nosov AM, Shen H, Yang L. Morphological and Physiological Indicators for Screening Cell Lines with High Potential for Somatic Embryo Maturation at an Early Stage of Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus Koraiensis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141867. [PMID: 35890500 PMCID: PMC9316463 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many cell lines in the embryogenic callus cannot produce somatic embryos (SEs) even if they meet the optimal SE maturation culture conditions during conifer somatic embryogenesis. This phenomenon hinders the progress of the industrial-scale reproduction of conifers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to obtain morphological and physiological markers to screen embryogenic calli in response to SE maturation conditions. To detect cell lines with high somatic embryogenesis potential during the proliferation process, we counted the number of pro-embryos and early SEs (ESEs) in different cell lines and storage substances, endogenous hormones, and polyamine contents. The results showed that the yield of P. koraiensis SEs was heavily dependent on genotype (p = 0.001). There were high levels of PE III (pro-embryo III) number, ESE number, and soluble protein content, in the response cell lines (R cell lines), which were 1.6-, 3-, and 1.1-fold those of the obstructive cell lines (B cell lines), respectively. The B cell line had high levels of starch, auxin (IAA), Put, Spd, and putrescine: spermine (Put: Spm) compared to the R cell line. In addition, the numbers of PE III, ESEs, and soluble protein content were significantly positively correlated with SE yield. In contrast, the contents of starch, abscisic acid (ABA), Put, Spm, and Spd were significantly negatively correlated with SE yield. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we used nine cell lines to test the results. The PE III and ESE numbers and the Spm and Spd contents were positively correlated with SE yield, while the levels of starch, ABA, IAA, Put: Spd, and Put: Spm were negatively correlated with SE yield. Thus, we recommend using high PE III and ESEs as morphological indicators and low levels of starch, IAA, ABA, and Put: Spm as physiological markers to screen cell lines with a high somatic embryogenesis potential. In addition, we also found that the relationship between Spd, Spm, and SE yield was opposite in the two experimental results. Therefore, we speculate that the differences in Spd and Spm content are mainly affected by genotype. In conclusion, this study obtained the morphological and physiological markers of some high-somatic embryogenic cell lines by comparing the differences between nine somatic embryogenic cell lines. Our results can guide the improvement of conifer somatic embryogenesis technology and can provide a theoretical basis for accelerating the application of biotechnology in large-scale artificial breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.P.); (F.G.); (H.W.)
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.P.); (F.G.); (H.W.)
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.P.); (F.G.); (H.W.)
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Iraida Nikolaevna Tretyakova
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest Siberian Branch of RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Alexander Mikhaylovich Nosov
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology, K.A. Timiryazev Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.P.); (F.G.); (H.W.)
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-0451-821-915-0918 (L.Y.)
| | - Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.P.); (F.G.); (H.W.)
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-0451-821-915-0918 (L.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borges Araujo AJ, Cerruti GV, Zuccarelli R, Rodriguez Ruiz M, Freschi L, Singh R, Moerschbacher BM, Floh EIS, Wendt dos Santos AL. Proteomic Analysis of S-Nitrosation Sites During Somatic Embryogenesis in Brazilian Pine, Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902068. [PMID: 35845673 PMCID: PMC9280032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine S-nitrosation is a redox-based post-translational modification that mediates nitric oxide (NO) regulation of various aspects of plant growth, development and stress responses. Despite its importance, studies exploring protein signaling pathways that are regulated by S-nitrosation during somatic embryogenesis have not been performed. In the present study, endogenous cysteine S-nitrosation site and S-nitrosated proteins were identified by iodo-TMT labeling during somatic embryogenesis in Brazilian pine, an endangered native conifer of South America. In addition, endogenous -S-nitrosothiol (SNO) levels and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity were determined in cell lines with contrasting embryogenic potential. Overall, we identified an array of proteins associated with a large variety of biological processes and molecular functions with some of them already described as important for somatic embryogenesis (Class IV chitinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 and dehydroascorbate reductase). In total, our S-nitrosoproteome analyses identified 18 endogenously S-nitrosated proteins and 50 in vitro S-nitrosated proteins (after GSNO treatment) during cell culture proliferation and embryo development. Furthermore, SNO levels and GSNOR activity were increased during embryo formation. These findings expand our understanding of the Brazilian pine proteome and shed novel insights into the potential use of pharmacological manipulation of NO levels by using NO inhibitors and donors during somatic embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Zuccarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodriguez Ruiz
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ratna Singh
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elbl PM, de Souza DT, Rosado D, de Oliveira LF, Navarro BV, Matioli SR, Floh EIS. Building an embryo: An auxin gene toolkit for zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in Brazilian pine. Gene 2022; 817:146168. [PMID: 34995731 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Many studies in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana characterized genes involved in embryo formation. However, much remains to be learned about the portfolio of genes that are involved in signal transduction and transcriptional regulation during plant embryo development in other species, particularly in an evolutionary context, especially considering that some genes involved in embryo patterning are not exclusive of land plants. This study, used a combination of domain architecture phylostratigraphy and phylogenetic reconstruction to investigate the evolutionary history of embryo patterning and auxin metabolism (EPAM) genes in Viridiplantae. This approach shed light on the co-optation of auxin metabolism and other molecular mechanisms that contributed to the radiation of land plants, and specifically to embryo formation. These results have potential to assist conservation programs, by directing the development of tools for obtaining somatic embryos. In this context, we employed this methodology with critically endangered and non-model species Araucaria angustifolia, the Brazilian pine, which is current focus of conservation efforts using somatic embryogenesis. So far, this approach had little success since somatic embryos fail to completely develop. By profiling the expression of genes that we identified as necessary for the emergence of land-plant embryos, we found striking differences between zygotic and somatic embryos that might explain the developmental arrest and be used to improve A. angustifolia somatic culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Elbl
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Diego T de Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Rosado
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, United States
| | - Leandro F de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno V Navarro
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio R Matioli
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eny I S Floh
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Du H, Chen B, Li Q, Liu H, Kurtenbach R. Conjugated Polyamines in Root Plasma Membrane Enhanced the Tolerance of Plum Seedling to Osmotic Stress by Stabilizing Membrane Structure and Therefore Elevating H +-ATPase Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:812360. [PMID: 35095985 PMCID: PMC8789876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.812360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small positively charged molecules in plants and play important functions in many biological processes under various environmental stresses. One of the most confounding problems relating to polyamines (PAs) in stresses is the lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying their function(s). Furthermore, a limited number of studies have addressed this issue at the sub-cellular level, especially in tree plants under drought stress. Therefore, in this research, by simulating natural drought stress with polyethylene glycol (PEG) osmotic stress, the relationship between the levels of conjugated polyamines and the activity of H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane was elucidated with the roots of two plum (Prunus salicina L.) cultivars, which were different in drought tolerance, as experimental materials. Furthermore, free PA levels and the activities of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) and transglutaminase (TGase), which were closely associated with the levels of free and conjugated PAs, were also detected. Results showed that under osmotic stress, the increases of the levels of non-covalently conjugated (non-CC) spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), covalently conjugated (CC) putrescine (Put) and Spd in the plasma membrane of drought-tolerant Ganli No. 5 were more significant than those of drought-sensitive Suli No. 3, indicating that these conjugated PAs might be involved in the tolerance of plum seedlings to stress. Furthermore, the conjugated PAs were closely correlated with plum seedling growth, water retention capacity, plasma membrane damage degree, and hydrogen (H+)-ATPase activity in the plasma membrane. To get more complementary pieces of evidence, we subjected plum seedlings to combined treatments of PEG and exogenous PA (Spd and Spm), and an inhibitor of SAMDC [methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone), (MGBG)] or TGase (o-phenanthroline). These results collectively suggested that non-CC Spd and Spm, CC Put and Spd in plasma membrane might function in enhancing the tolerance of plum seedlings to osmotic stress by stabilizing membrane structure and therefore elevating H+-ATPase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Du
- College of Life Science and Agronomy/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Benxue Chen
- College of Life Science and Agronomy/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaipan Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Ronald Kurtenbach
- College of Life Science and Agronomy/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Current Proteomic and Metabolomic Knowledge of Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111807. [PMID: 34769239 PMCID: PMC8583726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis is the primary developmental program in plants. The mechanisms that underlie the regulation of embryogenesis are an essential research subject given its potential contribution to mass in vitro propagation of profitable plant species. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) refers to the use of in vitro techniques to mimic the sexual reproduction program known as zygotic embryogenesis (ZE). In this review, we synthesize the current state of research on proteomic and metabolomic studies of SE and ZE in angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms. The most striking finding was the small number of studies addressing ZE. Meanwhile, the research effort focused on SE has been substantial but disjointed. Together, these research gaps may explain why the embryogenic induction stage and the maturation of the somatic embryo continue to be bottlenecks for efficient and large-scale regeneration of plants. Comprehensive and integrative studies of both SE and ZE are needed to provide the molecular foundation of plant embryogenesis, information which is needed to rationally guide experimental strategies to solve SE drawbacks in each species.
Collapse
|
9
|
Dorigan de Matos Furlanetto AL, Kaziuk FD, Martinez GR, Donatti L, Merlin Rocha ME, Dos Santos ALW, Floh EIS, Cadena SMSC. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and enzymatic antioxidant defense differ in Paraná pine cell lines with contrasting embryogenic potential. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:255-266. [PMID: 33961525 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1921172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Araucaria angustifolia is classified as a critically endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This threat is worsened by the inefficiency of methods for ex-situ conservation and propagation. In conifers, somatic embryogenesis (SE) associated with cryopreservation is an efficient method to achieve germplasm conservation and mass clonal propagation. However, the efficiency of SE is highly dependent on genotype responsivity to the artificial stimulus used in vitro during cell line proliferation and later during somatic embryo development. In this study, we evaluated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and characterized mitochondrial functions during the proliferation of embryogenic cells of A. angustifolia responsive (SE1) and non-responsive (SE6) to the development of somatic embryos. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes GR (EC 1.6.4.2), MDHAR (EC 1.6.5.4), and POX (EC 1.11.1.7) were increased in SE1 culture, while in SE6 culture, only the activity of DHAR (EC 1.8.5.1) was significantly higher. Additionally, SE6 culture presented a higher number of mitochondria, which agreed with the increased rate of oxygen consumption compared to responsive SE1 culture; however, the mitochondrial volume was lower. Although the ATP levels did not differ, the NAD(P)H levels were higher in SE1 cells. NDs, AOX, and UCP were less active in responsive SE1 than in non-responsive cells. Our results show significant differences between SE1 and SE6 embryogenic cells regarding mitochondrial functions and antioxidant enzyme activities, which may be intrinsic to the in vitro proliferation phase of both cell lines, possessing a crucial role for the induction of in vitro maturation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Diego Kaziuk
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucelia Donatti
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu L, Hu Y, Jin G, Lei P, Sang L, Luo Q, Liu Z, Guan F, Meng F, Zhao X. Physiological and Proteomic Responses to Drought in Leaves of Amygdalus mira ( Koehne) Yü et Lu. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:620499. [PMID: 34249029 PMCID: PMC8264794 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.620499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Various environmental stresses strongly influence plant development. Among these stresses is drought, which is a serious threat that can reduce agricultural productivity and obstruct plant growth. Although the mechanism of plants in response to drought has been studied extensively, the adaptive strategies of Amygdalus mira (Koehne) Yü et Lu grown in drought and rewatered habitats remain undefined. Amygdalus mira from the Tibetan Plateau has outstanding nutritional and medicinal values and can thrive in extreme drought. In this study, the physiological and proteomic responses in leaves of A. mira were investigated during drought and recovery period. The changes in plant growth, photosynthesis, enzymes, and non-enzymatic antioxidant under drought and rewatering were also analyzed in leaves. Compared with controls, A. mira showed stronger adaptive and resistant characteristics to drought. In addition, the proteomic technique was also used to study drought tolerance mechanisms in A. mira leaves. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. Accordingly, 103 proteins involved in 10 functional categories: cytoskeleton dynamics, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, transcription and translation, transport, stress and defense, molecular chaperones, other materials metabolism, and unknown function were identified. These results showed that an increase of stress-defense-related proteins in leaves after drought treatment contributed to coping with drought. Importantly, A. mira developed an adaptive mechanism to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), including enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents, reducing energy, and adjusting the efficiency of gas exchanges. These results may help to understand the acclimation of A. mira to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangze Jin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Pei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Liqun Sang
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, China
| | - Qiuxiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Genome Research, Center for Precision Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fachun Guan
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, China
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Fanjuan Meng,
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Xiyang Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
do Nascimento AMM, Polesi LG, Back FP, Steiner N, Guerra MP, Castander-Olarieta A, Moncaleán P, Montalbán IA. The Chemical Environment at Maturation Stage in Pinus spp. Somatic Embryogenesis: Implications in the Polyamine Profile of Somatic Embryos and Morphological Characteristics of the Developed Plantlets. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:771464. [PMID: 34899795 PMCID: PMC8663641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.771464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the chemical environment at the maturation stage in Pinus spp. somatic embryogenesis will be a determinant factor in the conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets. Furthermore, the study of biochemical and morphological aspects of the somatic embryos could enable the improvement of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus spp. In the present work, the influence of different amino acid combinations, carbohydrate sources, and concentrations at the maturation stage of Pinus radiata D. Don and Pinus halepensis Mill. was analyzed. In P. radiata, the maturation medium supplemented with 175 mM of sucrose and an increase in the amino acid mixture (1,100 mgL-1 of L-glutamine, 1,050 mgL-1 of L-asparagine, 350 mgL-1 of L-arginine, and 35 mgL-1 of L-proline) promoted bigger embryos, with a larger stem diameter and an increase in the number of roots in the germinated somatic embryos, improving the acclimatization success of this species. In P. halepensis, the maturation medium supplemented with 175 mM of maltose improved the germination of somatic embryos. The increase in the amount of amino acids in the maturation medium increased the levels of putrescine in the germinated somatic embryos of P. halepensis. We detected significant differences in the amounts of polyamines between somatic plantlets of P. radiata and P. halepensis; putrescine was less abundant in both species. For the first time, in P. radiata and P. halepensis somatic embryogenesis, we detected the presence of cadaverine, and its concentration changed according to the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza Giacomolli Polesi
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimento e Genética Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Franklin Panato Back
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimento e Genética Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Neusa Steiner
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Miguel Pedro Guerra
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimento e Genética Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Paloma Moncaleán
- Neiker-BRTA, Centro de Arkaute, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute, Arkaute, Spain
- *Correspondence: Paloma Moncaleán,
| | - Itziar Aurora Montalbán
- Neiker-BRTA, Centro de Arkaute, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute, Arkaute, Spain
- Itziar Aurora Montalbán,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Key Techniques for Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Pinus koraiensis. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11090912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Korean pine is the dominant species of Korean pine forests. It is an economically valuable species that yields oil, high-quality timber and nuts, and it offers great prospects for further development. Complete regenerated plants of Korean pine were obtained via somatic embryogenesis using megagametophytes as the explant. The seeds of 27 families of Korean pine were collected to induce embryogenic lines. We compared the effects of explant collection time, family and medium components (concentrations of sucrose, plant growth regulators and acid-hydrolyzed casein) on embryogenic lines induction. The effects of plant growth regulators and L-glutamine contents on the proliferation and maturation of embryogenic cell lines were studied, and the germinating ability of different cell lines was evaluated. The embryogenic lines induction percentage of Korean pine reached 33.33%. When 4.52 μmol·L−1 2,4-D and 2.2 μmol·L−1 6-BA were added to the medium of embryogenic lines proliferation, the ability of embryo maturation was the best (cell line 001#-100 was 135.71·g−1 fresh weight). Adding 1–1.5g L−1 L-glutamine to the proliferation medium can improve the ability of embryo maturation (cell line 001#-100 was 165.63·g−1 fresh weight). The germination percentage of the three cell lines tested was significant, and the highest was 66%. We report on successful regeneration and cryopreservation methods for somatic embryos of Korean pine. This technology could be used to propagate the excellent germplasm resources of Korean pine and to establish multi-varietal forestry.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Korean pine broadleaf mixed forest is an important ecosystem for maintaining biodiversity in Northeast China. Korean pine is also an important species for the production of timber and nuts in the mountainous areas of Northeast China. In this study, we compared three types of Korean pine callus and found that embryogenic callus had high amounts of storage substances (protein, sugar and starch). Non-embryonic callus had high levels of polyphenols and polyphenol oxidation, while callus that lost somatic embryogenesis potential had lower levels of storage substances (protein, sugar and starch) and higher contents of peroxidase and catalase. These results indicate that high contents of storage substances (protein, sugar and starch), and low levels of polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase can be used as physiological markers of callus with somatic embryogenic potential. During the development process of Korean pine somatic embryos, fresh weight and dry weight gradually increased, while water content gradually decreased. Soluble protein, starch, soluble sugar and superoxide dismutase also increased during development, while peroxidase and catalase levels reduced over time. These results indicate that somatic embryogenesis involves energy storage, and antioxidant enzymes cooperate to regulate the occurrence and development of embryos. These results provide physiological markers for identification of embryogenic callus with somatic embryogenesis, to evaluate callus suitable for somatic embryogenesis, and provide basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hazubska-Przybył T, Ratajczak E, Obarska A, Pers-Kamczyc E. Different Roles of Auxins in Somatic Embryogenesis Efficiency in Two Picea Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3394. [PMID: 32403374 PMCID: PMC7246981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of auxins 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid; 9 µM) and cytokinin BA (benzyloadenine; 4.5 µM) applied in the early stages of somatic embryogenesis (SE) on specific stages of SE in Picea abies and P. omorika were investigated. The highest SE initiation frequency was obtained after 2,4-D application in P. omorika (22.00%) and picloram application in P. abies (10.48%). NAA treatment significantly promoted embryogenic tissue (ET) proliferation in P. abies, while 2,4-D treatment reduced it. This reduction was related to the oxidative stress level, which was lower with the presence of NAA in the proliferation medium and higher with the presence of 2,4-D. The reduced oxidative stress level after NAA treatment suggests that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a signalling molecule and promotes ET proliferation. NAA and picloram in the proliferation medium decreased the further production and maturation of P. omorika somatic embryos compared with that under 2,4-D. The quality of the germinated P. abies embryos and their development into plantlets depended on the auxin type and were the highest in NAA-originated embryos. These results show that different auxin types can generate different physiological responses in plant materials during SE in both spruce species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Hazubska-Przybył
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; (E.R.); (A.O.); (E.P.-K.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vuosku J, Muilu-Mäkelä R, Avia K, Suokas M, Kestilä J, Läärä E, Häggman H, Savolainen O, Sarjala T. Thermospermine Synthase ( ACL5) and Diamine Oxidase ( DAO) Expression Is Needed for Zygotic Embryogenesis and Vascular Development in Scots Pine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1600. [PMID: 31921249 PMCID: PMC6934065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Unlike in flowering plants, the detailed roles of the enzymes in the polyamine (PA) pathway in conifers are poorly known. We explored the sequence conservation of the PA biosynthetic genes and diamine oxidase (DAO) in conifers and flowering plants to reveal the potential functional diversification of the enzymes between the plant lineages. The expression of the genes showing different selective constraints was studied in Scots pine zygotic embryogenesis and early seedling development. We found that the arginine decarboxylase pathway is strongly preferred in putrescine production in the Scots pine as well as generally in conifers and that the reduced use of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) has led to relaxed purifying selection in ODC genes. Thermospermine synthase (ACL5) genes evolve under strong purifying selection in conifers and the DAO gene is also highly conserved in pines. In developing Scots pine seeds, the expression of both ACL5 and DAO increased as embryogenesis proceeded. Strong ACL5 expression was present in the procambial cells of the embryo and in the megagametophyte cells destined to die via morphologically necrotic cell death. Thus, the high sequence conservation of ACL5 genes in conifers may indicate the necessity of ACL5 for both embryogenesis and vascular development. Moreover, the result suggests the involvement of ACL5 in morphologically necrotic cell death and supports the view of the genetic regulation of necrosis in Scots pine embryogenesis and in plant development. DAO transcripts were located close to the cell walls and between the walls of adjacent cells in Scots pine zygotic embryos and in the roots of young seedlings. We propose that DAO, in addition to the role in Put oxidation for providing H2O2 during the cell-wall structural processes, may also participate in cell-to-cell communication at the mRNA level. To conclude, our findings indicate that the PA pathway of Scots pines possesses several special functional characteristics which differ from those of flowering plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Vuosku
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Komlan Avia
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Suokas
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Kestilä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esa Läärä
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hely Häggman
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Savolainen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gautier F, Eliášová K, Leplé JC, Vondráková Z, Lomenech AM, Le Metté C, Label P, Costa G, Trontin JF, Teyssier C, Lelu-Walter MA. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis induced cytological and proteomic changes in embryogenic lines of Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:164. [PMID: 30097018 PMCID: PMC6086078 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore poorly understood differences between primary and subsequent somatic embryogenic lines of plants, we induced secondary (2ry) and tertiary (3ry) lines from cotyledonary somatic embryos (SEs) of two Douglas-fir genotypes: SD4 and TD17. The 2ry lines exhibited significantly higher embryogenic potential (SE yields) than the 1ry lines initiated from zygotic embryos (SD4, 2155 vs 477; TD17, 240 vs 29 g- 1 f.w.). Moreover, we observed similar differences in yield between 2ry and 3ry lines of SD4 (2400 vs 3921 g- 1 f.w.). To elucidate reasons for differences in embryogenic potential induced by repetitive somatic embryogenesis we then compared 2ry vs 1ry and 2ry vs 3ry lines at histo-cytological (using LC-MS/MS) and proteomic levels. RESULTS Repetitive somatic embryogenesis dramatically improved the proliferating lines' cellular organization (genotype SD4's most strongly). Frequencies of singulated, bipolar SEs and compact polyembryogenic centers with elongated suspensors and apparently cleavable embryonal heads increased in 2ry and (even more) 3ry lines. Among 2300-2500 identified proteins, 162 and 228 were classified significantly differentially expressed between 2ry vs 1ry and 3ry vs 2ry lines, respectively, with special emphasis on "Proteolysis" and "Catabolic process" Gene Ontology categories. Strikingly, most of the significant proteins (> 70%) were down-regulated in 2ry relative to 1ry lines, but up-regulated in 3ry relative to 2ry lines, revealing a down-up pattern of expression. GO category enrichment analyses highlighted the opposite adjustments of global protein patterns, particularly for processes involved in chitin catabolism, lignin and L-phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, oxidation-reduction, and response to karrikin. Sub-Network Enrichment Analyses highlighted interactions between significant proteins and both plant growth regulators and secondary metabolites after first (especially jasmonic acid, flavonoids) and second (especially salicylic acid, abscisic acid, lignin) embryogenesis cycles. Protein networks established after each induction affected the same "Plant development" and "Defense response" biological processes, but most strongly after the third cycle, which could explain the top embryogenic performance of 3ry lines. CONCLUSIONS This first report of cellular and molecular changes after repetitive somatic embryogenesis in conifers shows that each cycle enhanced the structure and singularization of EMs through modulation of growth regulator pathways, thereby improving the lines' embryogenic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gautier
- BioForA, INRA, ONF, F-45075 Orléans, France
- SylvaLIM, University Limoges, F-78060 Limoges, France
| | - Kateřina Eliášová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha, 6-Lysolaje Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Charles Leplé
- BioForA, INRA, ONF, F-45075 Orléans, France
- BIOGECO, INRA, University Bordeaux, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - Zuzana Vondráková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha, 6-Lysolaje Czech Republic
| | - Anne-Marie Lomenech
- Plateforme Protéome, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Philippe Label
- University Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Guy Costa
- SylvaLIM, University Limoges, F-78060 Limoges, France
| | - Jean-François Trontin
- Pôle Biotechnologie et Sylviculture Avancée, FCBA, Campus Forêt-Bois de Pierroton, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Oliveira LF, Navarro BV, Cerruti GV, Elbl P, Minocha R, Minocha SC, Dos Santos ALW, Floh EIS. Polyamine- and Amino Acid-Related Metabolism: The Roles of Arginine and Ornithine are Associated with the Embryogenic Potential. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1084-1098. [PMID: 29490084 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that control polyamine (PA) metabolism in plant cell lines with different embryogenic potential are not well understood. This study involved the use of two Araucaria angustifolia cell lines, one of which was defined as being blocked, in that the cells were incapable of developing somatic embryos, and the other as being responsive, as the cells could generate somatic embryos. Cellular PA metabolism was modulated by using 5 mM arginine (Arg) or ornithine (Orn) at two time points during cell growth. Two days after subculturing with Arg, an increase in citrulline (Cit) content was observed, followed by a higher expression of genes related to PA catabolism in the responsive cell line; whereas, in the blocked cell line, we only observed an accumulation of PAs. After 14 d, metabolism was directed towards putrescine accumulation in both cell lines. Exogenous Arg and Orn not only caused a change in cellular contents of PAs, but also altered the abundance of a broader spectrum of amino acids. Specifically, Cit was the predominant amino acid. We also noted changes in the expression of genes related to PA biosynthesis and catabolism. These results indicate that Arg and Orn act as regulators of both biosynthetic and catabolic PA metabolites; however, we suggest that they have distinct roles associated with embryogenic potential of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Francisco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, room 107, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Bruno Viana Navarro
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, room 107, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Victório Cerruti
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, room 107, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Paula Elbl
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, room 107, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rakesh Minocha
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Subhash C Minocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - André Luis Wendt Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, room 107, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, room 107, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aguilar-Hernández V, Loyola-Vargas VM. Advanced Proteomic Approaches to Elucidate Somatic Embryogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1658. [PMID: 30524454 PMCID: PMC6262180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a cell differentiation process by which a somatic cell changes its genetic program and develops into an embryonic cell. Investigating this process with various explant sources in vitro has allowed us to trace somatic embryo development from germination to plantlets and has led to the generation of new technologies, including genetic transformation, endangered species conservation, and synthetic seed production. A transcriptome data comparison from different stages of the developing somatic embryo has revealed a complex network controlling the somatic cell's fate, suggesting that an interconnected network acts at the protein level. Here, we discuss the current progress on SE using proteomic-based data, focusing on changing patterns of proteins during the establishment of the somatic embryo. Despite the advanced proteomic approaches available so far, deciphering how the somatic embryo is induced is still in its infancy. The new proteomics techniques that lead to the quantification of proteins with different abundances during the induction of SE are opening this area of study for the first time. These quantitative differences can elucidate the different pathways involved in SE induction. We envisage that the application of these proteomic technologies can be pivotal to identifying proteins critical to the process of SE, demonstrating the cellular localization, posttranslational modifications, and turnover protein events required to switch from a somatic cell to a somatic embryo cell and providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying SE. This work will help to develop biotechnological strategies for mass production of quality crop material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Aguilar-Hernández
- Catedrático CONACYT, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Victor Aguilar-Hernández, orcid.org/0000-0001-8239-4047
| | - Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lestari R, Rio M, Martin F, Leclercq J, Woraathasin N, Roques S, Dessailly F, Clément‐Vidal A, Sanier C, Fabre D, Melliti S, Suharsono S, Montoro P. Overexpression of Hevea brasiliensis ethylene response factor HbERF-IXc5 enhances growth and tolerance to abiotic stress and affects laticifer differentiation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:322-336. [PMID: 28626940 PMCID: PMC5785357 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene response factor 1 (ERF1) is an essential integrator of the jasmonate and ethylene signalling pathways coordinating a large number of genes involved in plant defences. Its orthologue in Hevea brasiliensis, HbERF-IXc5, has been assumed to play a major role in laticifer metabolism and tolerance to harvesting stress for better latex production. This study sets out to establish and characterize rubber transgenic lines overexpressing HbERF-IXc5. Overexpression of HbERF-IXc5 dramatically enhanced plant growth and enabled plants to maintain some ecophysiological parameters in response to abiotic stress such as water deficit, cold and salt treatments. This study revealed that HbERF-IXc5 has rubber-specific functions compared to Arabidopsis ERF1 as transgenic plants overexpressing HbERF-IXc5 accumulated more starch and differentiated more latex cells at the histological level. The role of HbERF-IXc5 in driving the expression of some target genes involved in laticifer differentiation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Retno Lestari
- CIRADUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- Universitas Indonesia (UI)DepokIndonesia
- Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)BogorIndonesia
| | | | | | | | - Natthakorn Woraathasin
- CIRADUMR AGAPMontpellierFrance
- Faculty of Natural ResourcesDepartment of Plant SciencePrince of Songkla University (PSU)Hat YaiSongklaThailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Navarro BV, Elbl P, De Souza AP, Jardim V, de Oliveira LF, Macedo AF, dos Santos ALW, Buckeridge MS, Floh EIS. Carbohydrate-mediated responses during zygotic and early somatic embryogenesis in the endangered conifer, Araucaria angustifolia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180051. [PMID: 28678868 PMCID: PMC5497979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Three zygotic developmental stages and two somatic Araucaria angustifolia cell lines with contrasting embryogenic potential were analyzed to identify the carbohydrate-mediated responses associated with embryo formation. Using a comparison between zygotic and somatic embryogenesis systems, the non-structural carbohydrate content, cell wall sugar composition and expression of genes involved in sugar sensing were analyzed, and a network analysis was used to identify coordinated features during embryogenesis. We observed that carbohydrate-mediated responses occur mainly during the early stages of zygotic embryo formation, and that during seed development there are coordinated changes that affect the development of the different structures (embryo and megagametophyte). Furthermore, sucrose and starch accumulation were associated with the responsiveness of the cell lines. This study sheds light on how carbohydrate metabolism is influenced during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in the endangered conifer species, A. angustifolia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno V. Navarro
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Elbl
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda P. De Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Jardim
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro F. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Macedo
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - André L. W. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos S. Buckeridge
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Eny I. S. Floh
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Klubicová K, Uvácková L, Danchenko M, Nemecek P, Skultéty L, Salaj J, Salaj T. Insights into the early stage of Pinus nigra Arn. somatic embryogenesis using discovery proteomics. J Proteomics 2017; 169:99-111. [PMID: 28526530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The somatic embryogenesis in conifers represents a suitable model of plant regeneration system facilitating studies of fundamental aspects of an early development as well as in vitro micropropagation. The aim of our study was to deeper understand the somatic embryogenesis in the conifer tree Pinus nigra Arn. Comparative proteomic analysis based on 2D-PAGE in 1) proliferating embryogenic tissues (E) initiated from immature zygotic embryos, 2) non-embryogenic calli (NEC) initiated from cotyledons of somatic seedlings of the same genotypes, 3) embryogenic tissues that lost the maturation capacity (E-L) of two cell lines (E362, E366). Investigated pine tissues showed distinct structural features. The 24 protein spots were altered in both cell lines in comparison of embryogenic and non-embryogenic tissues. These proteins are involved in disease and defence mechanism, energy metabolism and biosynthesis of cell wall components. Two of three protein spots detected only in embryogenic form of both cell lines are similar to water deficit inducible protein LP3, the third remains uncharacterised. The loss of the maturation capacity was accompanied by changes in 35 and 38 protein spots in 362 and 366 cell lines, respectively. Only two of them were altered in both cell lines, suggesting non-uniform process of ageing. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Somatic embryogenesis in conifers represents an experimental system for the study of early plant development as well as a biotechnological tool for large-scale micropropagation. The obtained results give a new insight into the process of somatic embryogenesis of a conifer Pinus nigra Arn. by revealing differences at proteomic levels among in vitro cultured tissues characterised by different embryogenic potential. Microscopic investigations have also shown differences in the structural organisation of studied tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Klubicová
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Lubica Uvácková
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Nemecek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovít Skultéty
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Salaj
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Terézia Salaj
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
de Oliveira LF, Elbl P, Navarro BV, Macedo AF, Dos Santos ALW, Floh EIS, Cooke J. Elucidation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway during Brazilian pine (Araucaria angustifolia) seed development. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:116-130. [PMID: 28175909 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs), such as spermidine and spermine, as well as amino acids that are substrates for their biosynthesis, are known to be essential for plant development. However, little is known about the gene expression and metabolic switches associated with the ornithine/arginine and PA biosynthetic pathway during seed development in conifers. To understand these metabolic switches, the enzyme activity of arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase, as well as the contents of PAs and amino acids were evaluated in three Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze) seed developmental stages in combination with expression profile analyses of genes associated with the ornithine/arginine and PA biosynthetic pathway. Twelve genes were selected for further analysis and it was shown that the expression profiles of AaADC and AaSAMDC were up-regulated during zygotic embryo development. Polyamines and amino acids were found to accumulate differently in embryos and megagametophytes, and the transition from the globular to the cotyledonary stage was marked by an increase in free and conjugated spermidine and spermine contents. Putrescine is made from arginine, which was present at low content at the late embryogenesis stage, when high content of citrulline was observed. Differences in amino acids, PAs and gene expression profiles of biosynthetic genes at specific seed stages and at each seed transition stage were investigated, providing insights into molecular and physiological aspects of conifer embryogenesis for use in future both basic and applied studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro F de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Elbl
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno V Navarro
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda F Macedo
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L W Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eny I S Floh
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Steiner N, Farias-Soares FL, Schmidt ÉC, Pereira MLT, Scheid B, Rogge-Renner GD, Bouzon ZL, Schmitz D, Maldonado S, Guerra MP. Toward establishing a morphological and ultrastructural characterization of proembryogenic masses and early somatic embryos of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:487-501. [PMID: 25968333 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a morphogenetic route useful for the study of embryonic development, as well as the large-scale propagation of endangered species, such as the Brazilian pine (Araucaria angustifolia). In the present study, we investigated the morphological and ultrastructural organization of A. angustifolia somatic embryo development by means of optical and electron microscopy. The proembryogenic stage was characterized by the proliferation of proembryogenic masses (PEMs), which are cellular aggregates composed of embryogenic cells (ECs) attached to suspensor-like cells (SCs). PEMs proliferate through three developmental stages, PEM I, II, and III, by changes in the number of ECs and SCs. PEM III-to-early somatic embryo (SE) transition was characterized by compact clusters of ECs growing out of PEM III, albeit still connected to it by SCs. Early SEs showed a dense globular embryonic mass (EM) and suspensor region (SR) connected by embryonic tube cells (TCs). By comparison, early somatic and zygotic embryos showed similar morphology. ECs are round with a large nucleus, nucleoli, and many cytoplasmic organelles. In contrast, TCs and SCs are elongated and vacuolated with cellular dismantling which is associated with programmed cell death of SCs. Abundant starch grains were observed in the TCs and SCs, while proteins were more abundant in the ECs. Based on the results of this study, a fate map of SE development in A. angustifolia is, for the first time, proposed. Additionally, this study shows the cell biology of SE development of this primitive gymnosperm which may be useful in evolutionary studies in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neusa Steiner
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Francine L Farias-Soares
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Éder C Schmidt
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Maria L T Pereira
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Scheid
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gladys D Rogge-Renner
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Bouzon
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela Schmitz
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Sara Maldonado
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Guiraldes 2160, Pab. 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel P Guerra
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guerra MP, Steiner N, Farias-Soares FL, Vieira LDN, Fraga HPF, Rogge-Renner GD, Maldonado SB. Somatic Embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (Araucariaceae). Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1359:439-450. [PMID: 26619879 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3061-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deals with the features of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Araucaria angustifolia, an endangered and native conifer from south Brazil. In this species SE includes the induction and proliferation of embryogenic cultures composed of pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs), which precede somatic embryos development. A. angustifolia SE model encompasses induction, proliferation, pre-maturation, and maturation steps. Double-staining with acetocarmine and Evan's blue is useful to evaluate the embryonic somatic structures. In this chapter we describe A. angustifolia SE protocols and analyzes morphological features in the different SE developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel P Guerra
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, 88034-001, SC, Brazil.
| | - Neusa Steiner
- Department of Botany, UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Francine L Farias-Soares
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, 88034-001, SC, Brazil
| | - Leila do N Vieira
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, 88034-001, SC, Brazil
| | - Hugo P F Fraga
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, 88034-001, SC, Brazil
| | - Gladys D Rogge-Renner
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, UFSC, CP 476, Florianópolis, 88049-900, SC, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, 89219-710, SC, Brazil
| | - Sara B Maldonado
- Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, University of Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
dos Santos ALW, Elbl P, Navarro BV, de Oliveira LF, Salvato F, Balbuena TS, Floh EIS. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze cell lines with contrasting embryogenic potential. J Proteomics 2016; 130:180-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
26
|
Trontin JF, Klimaszewska K, Morel A, Hargreaves C, Lelu-Walter MA. Molecular Aspects of Conifer Zygotic and Somatic Embryo Development: A Review of Genome-Wide Approaches and Recent Insights. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1359:167-207. [PMID: 26619863 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3061-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide profiling (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) is providing unprecedented opportunities to unravel the complexity of coordinated gene expression during embryo development in trees, especially conifer species harboring "giga-genome." This knowledge should be critical for the efficient delivery of improved varieties through seeds and/or somatic embryos in fluctuating markets and to cope with climate change. We reviewed "omics" as well as targeted gene expression studies during both somatic and zygotic embryo development in conifers and tentatively puzzled over the critical processes and genes involved at the specific developmental and transition stages. Current limitations to the interpretation of these large datasets are going to be lifted through the ongoing development of comprehensive genome resources in conifers. Nevertheless omics already confirmed that master regulators (e.g., transcription and epigenetic factors) play central roles. As in model angiosperms, the molecular regulation from early to late embryogenesis may mainly arise from spatiotemporal modulation of auxin-, gibberellin-, and abscisic acid-mediated responses. Omics also showed the potential for the development of tools to assess the progress of embryo development or to build genotype-independent, predictive models of embryogenesis-specific characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Trontin
- FCBA, Pôle Biotechnologie et Sylviculture Avancée, Campus Forêt-Bois de Pierroton, 71 Route d'Arcachon, Cestas, 33610, France.
| | - Krystyna Klimaszewska
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada, G1V 4C7
| | - Alexandre Morel
- INRA, UR 0588 Unité Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières, 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, CS 4001, Ardon, Orléans Cedex 2, 45075, France
| | | | - Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter
- INRA, UR 0588 Unité Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières, 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, CS 4001, Ardon, Orléans Cedex 2, 45075, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Elbl P, Navarro BV, de Oliveira LF, Almeida J, Mosini AC, dos Santos ALW, Rossi M, Floh EIS. Identification and Evaluation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Analysis of Brazilian Pine (Araucaria angustifolia Bertol. Kuntze) Gene Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136714. [PMID: 26313945 PMCID: PMC4552031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of gene expression is a fundamental experimental approach in many fields of plant biology, but it requires the use of internal controls representing constitutively expressed genes for reliable transcript quantification. In this study, we identified fifteen putative reference genes from an A. angustifolia transcriptome database. Variation in transcript levels was first evaluated in silico by comparing read counts and then by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), resulting in the identification of six candidate genes. The consistency of transcript abundance was also calculated applying geNorm and NormFinder software packages followed by a validation approach using four target genes. The results presented here indicate that a diverse set of samples should ideally be used in order to identify constitutively expressed genes, and that the use of any two reference genes in combination, of the six tested genes, is sufficient for effective expression normalization. Finally, in agreement with the in silico prediction, a comprehensive analysis of the qRT-PCR data combined with validation analysis revealed that AaEIF4B-L and AaPP2A are the most suitable reference genes for comparative studies of A. angustifolia gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Elbl
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Bruno V. Navarro
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Leandro F. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Juliana Almeida
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Amanda C. Mosini
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - André L. W. dos Santos
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Eny I. S. Floh
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao J, Li H, Fu S, Chen B, Sun W, Zhang J, Zhang J. An iTRAQ-based proteomics approach to clarify the molecular physiology of somatic embryo development in Prince Rupprecht's larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119987. [PMID: 25781987 PMCID: PMC4363690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prince Rupprecht's larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr) is a native high-value forest tree species in North China whose clonal propagation through somatic embryogenesis (SE) has the potential to rapidly capture the benefits of breeding or genetic engineering programs and to improve raw material uniformity and quality. To date, research has focused on clarifying the molecular mechanism of SE, but proteomic studies are still in the early stages. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis was performed on three developmental stages of SE in L. principis-rupprechtii in an attempt to identify a wide range of proteins that are regulated differentially during this process. Proteins were extracted and analyzed from the pro-embryogenic mass (PEM), globular embryo (GE), and cotyledon embryo (CE) stages of embryo development. We detected 503 proteins in total and identified 96 proteins expressed differentially during different developmental stages. The identified proteins were analyzed further to provide information about their expression patterns and functions during SE. Four clusters of proteins based on shared expression profiles were generated. Functional analysis showed that proteins involved in primary metabolism, phosphorylation, and oxidation reduction were upregulated during somatic embryo development. This work provides novel insights into the process of larch embryo development in vitro and a basis for further study of the biological process and opportunities for practical application of this knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuangbin Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenting Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Morel A, Trontin JF, Corbineau F, Lomenech AM, Beaufour M, Reymond I, Le Metté C, Ader K, Harvengt L, Cadene M, Label P, Teyssier C, Lelu-Walter MA. Cotyledonary somatic embryos of Pinus pinaster Ait. most closely resemble fresh, maturing cotyledonary zygotic embryos: biological, carbohydrate and proteomic analyses. PLANTA 2014; 240:1075-95. [PMID: 25115559 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cotyledonary somatic embryos (SEs) of maritime pine are routinely matured for 12 weeks before being germinated and converted to plantlets. Although regeneration success is highly dependent on SEs quality, the date of harvesting is currently determined mainly on the basis of morphological features. This empirical method does not provide any accurate information about embryo quality with respect to storage compounds (proteins, carbohydrates). We first analyzed SEs matured for 10, 12 and 14 weeks by carrying out biological (dry weight, water content) and biochemical measurements (total protein and carbohydrate contents). No difference could be found between collection dates, suggesting that harvesting SEs after 12 weeks is appropriate. Cotyledonary SEs were then compared to various stages, from fresh to fully desiccated, in the development of cotyledonary zygotic embryos (ZEs). We identified profiles that were similar using hierarchical ascendant cluster analysis (HCA). Fresh and dehydrated ZEs could be distinguished, and SEs clustered with fresh ZEs. Both types of embryo exhibited similar carbohydrate and protein contents and signatures. This high level of similarity (94.5 %) was further supported by proteome profiling. Highly expressed proteins included storage, stress-related, late embryogenesis abundant and energy metabolism proteins. By comparing overexpressed proteins in developing and cotyledonary SEs or ZEs, some (23 proteins) could be identified as candidate biomarkers for the late, cotyledonary stage. This is the first report of useful generic protein markers for monitoring embryo development in maritime pine. Our results also suggest that improvements of SEs quality may be achieved if the current maturation conditions are refined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morel
- INRA, UR 0588 Unité Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières, 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, CS 4001, Ardon, 45075, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|