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Ma X, Vanneste S, Chang J, Ambrosino L, Barry K, Bayer T, Bobrov AA, Boston L, Campbell JE, Chen H, Chiusano ML, Dattolo E, Grimwood J, He G, Jenkins J, Khachaturyan M, Marín-Guirao L, Mesterházy A, Muhd DD, Pazzaglia J, Plott C, Rajasekar S, Rombauts S, Ruocco M, Scott A, Tan MP, Van de Velde J, Vanholme B, Webber J, Wong LL, Yan M, Sung YY, Novikova P, Schmutz J, Reusch TBH, Procaccini G, Olsen JL, Van de Peer Y. Seagrass genomes reveal ancient polyploidy and adaptations to the marine environment. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:240-255. [PMID: 38278954 PMCID: PMC7615686 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We present chromosome-level genome assemblies from representative species of three independently evolved seagrass lineages: Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Thalassia testudinum and Zostera marina. We also include a draft genome of Potamogeton acutifolius, belonging to a freshwater sister lineage to Zosteraceae. All seagrass species share an ancient whole-genome triplication, while additional whole-genome duplications were uncovered for C. nodosa, Z. marina and P. acutifolius. Comparative analysis of selected gene families suggests that the transition from submerged-freshwater to submerged-marine environments mainly involved fine-tuning of multiple processes (such as osmoregulation, salinity, light capture, carbon acquisition and temperature) that all had to happen in parallel, probably explaining why adaptation to a marine lifestyle has been exceedingly rare. Major gene losses related to stomata, volatiles, defence and lignification are probably a consequence of the return to the sea rather than the cause of it. These new genomes will accelerate functional studies and solutions, as continuing losses of the 'savannahs of the sea' are of major concern in times of climate change and loss of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiyang Chang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Kerrie Barry
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Till Bayer
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - LoriBeth Boston
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Justin E Campbell
- Coastlines and Oceans Division, Institute of Environment, Florida International University-Biscayne Bay Campus, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hengchi Chen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dattolo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jane Grimwood
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Guifen He
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Marina Khachaturyan
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of General Microbiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Attila Mesterházy
- Centre for Ecological Research, Wetland Ecology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Danish-Daniel Muhd
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jessica Pazzaglia
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chris Plott
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Stephane Rombauts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miriam Ruocco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, Fano, Italy
| | - Alison Scott
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Min Pau Tan
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jozefien Van de Velde
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jenell Webber
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Li Lian Wong
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mi Yan
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Polina Novikova
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Thorsten B H Reusch
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Jeanine L Olsen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Sato R, Kondo Y, Agarie S. The first released available genome of the common ice plant ( Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) extended the research region on salt tolerance, C 3-CAM photosynthetic conversion, and halophilism. F1000Res 2024; 12:448. [PMID: 38618020 PMCID: PMC11016173 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129958.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The common ice plant ( Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is an annual herb belonging to the genus Mesembryanthemum of the family Aizoaceae, native to Southern Africa. Methods We performed shotgun genome paired-end sequencing using the Illumina platform to determine the genome sequence of the ice plants. We assembled the whole genome sequences using the genome assembler "ALGA" and "Redundans", then released them as available genomic information. Finally, we mainly estimated the potential genomic function by the homology search method. Results A draft genome was generated with a total length of 286 Mb corresponding to 79.2% of the estimated genome size (361 Mb), consisting of 49,782 contigs. It encompassed 93.49% of the genes of terrestrial higher plants, 99.5% of the ice plant transcriptome, and 100% of known DNA sequences. In addition, 110.9 Mb (38.8%) of repetitive sequences and untranslated regions, 971 tRNA, and 100 miRNA loci were identified, and their effects on stress tolerance and photosynthesis were investigated. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal DNA among 26 kinds of plant species revealed genetic similarity between the ice plant and poplar, which have salt tolerance. Overall, 35,702 protein-coding regions were identified in the genome, of which 56.05% to 82.59% were annotated and submitted to domain searches and gene ontology (GO) analyses, which found that eighteen GO terms stood out among five plant species. These terms were related to biological defense, growth, reproduction, transcription, post-transcription, and intermembrane transportation, regarded as one of the fundamental results of using the utilized ice plant genome. Conclusions The information that we characterized is useful for elucidation of the mechanism of growth promotion under salinity and reversible conversion of the photosynthetic type from C3 to Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Sato
- Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuri Kondo
- Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sakae Agarie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Zhao Y, Lu K, Zhang W, Guo W, Chao E, Yang Q, Zhang H. PagDA1a and PagDA1b expression improves salt and drought resistance in transgenic poplar through regulating ion homeostasis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107898. [PMID: 37482028 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
DA1/DAR proteins play a crucial role in plant biomass production. However, their functions in woody plants in response to abiotic stress are still unknown. In this study, a total number of six PagDA1/DAR family genes were identified in the poplar genome, and the biological functions of PagDA1a and PagDA1b in the resistance to salt and drought stresses were investigated in transgenic poplar. PagDA1a and PagDA1b were ubiquitously expressed in roots, stems, and leaves, with predominant expression in roots, and were significantly induced by abiotic stress and ABA. Transgenic poplar overexpressing either PagDA1a or PagDA1b showed restrained growth but improved resistance to salt and drought stresses. Further ion content and antioxidant enzyme expression analyses exhibited that transgenic poplar accumulated less sodium (Na+), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves, accompanied with increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT), and up-regulated transcription of SOD1, APX1, and CAT2. Our observations demonstrate that PagDA1a and PagDA1b improve salt and drought tolerance through ion homeostasis optimization and ROS scavenging ability enhancement in transgenic poplar, and both can be used for the future genetic breeding of new salt and drought tolerant tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China; Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd, North of Beiyuanzhuang Village, Fushan County, Zhaoyuan, Shandong, 265400, China
| | - Kaifeng Lu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China; Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd, North of Beiyuanzhuang Village, Fushan County, Zhaoyuan, Shandong, 265400, China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Luohanya Road, Taian, Shandong, 27100, China
| | - Erkun Chao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China; College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuanxi Road, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China; College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuanxi Road, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China; Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd, North of Beiyuanzhuang Village, Fushan County, Zhaoyuan, Shandong, 265400, China.
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Li Y, Zhang T, Kang Y, Wang P, Yu W, Wang J, Li W, Jiang X, Zhou Y. Integrated metabolome, transcriptome analysis, and multi-flux full-length sequencing offer novel insights into the function of lignin biosynthesis as a Sesuvium portulacastrum response to salt stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124222. [PMID: 36990407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Sesuvium portulacastrum is a typical halophyte. However, few studies have investigated its salt-tolerant molecular mechanism. In this study, metabolome, transcriptome, and multi-flux full-length sequencing analysis were conducted to investigate the significantly different metabolites (SDMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of S. portulacastrum samples under salinity. The complete-length transcriptome of S. portulacastrum was developed, which contained 39,659 non-redundant unigenes. RNA-seq results showed that 52 DEGs involved in lignin biosynthesis may be responsible for S. portulacastrum salt tolerance. Furthermore, 130 SDMs were identified, and the salt response could be attributed to the p-coumaryl alcohol-rich in lignin biosynthesis. The co-expression network that was constructed after comparing the different salt treatment processes showed that the p-Coumaryl alcohol was linked to 30 DEGs. Herein, 8 structures genes, i.e., Sp4CL, SpCAD, SpCCR, SpCOMT, SpF5H, SpCYP73A, SpCCoAOMT, and SpC3'H were identified as significant factors in regulating lignin biosynthesis. Further investigation revealed that 64 putative transcription factors (TFs) may interact with the promoters of the above-mentioned genes. Together, the data revealed a potential regulatory network comprising important genes, putative TFs, and metabolites involved in the lignin biosynthesis of S. portulacastrum roots under salt stress, which could serve as a rich useful genetic resource for breeding excellent salt-tolerant plants.
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Gao H, Yu C, Liu R, Li X, Huang H, Wang X, Zhang C, Jiang N, Li X, Cheng S, Zhang H, Li B. The Glutathione S-Transferase PtGSTF1 Improves Biomass Production and Salt Tolerance through Regulating Xylem Cell Proliferation, Ion Homeostasis and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911288. [PMID: 36232609 PMCID: PMC9569880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an essential role in plant cell detoxification and secondary metabolism. However, their accurate functions in the growth and response to abiotic stress in woody plants are still largely unknown. In this work, a Phi class Glutathione S-transferase encoding gene PtGSTF1 was isolated from poplar (P. trichocarpa), and its biological functions in the regulation of biomass production and salt tolerance were investigated in transgenic poplar. PtGSTF1 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and organs, with a predominant expression in leaves and inducible expression by salt stress. Transgenic poplar overexpressing PtGSTF1 showed improved shoot growth, wood formation and improved salt tolerance, consistent with the increased xylem cell number and size under normal condition, and the optimized Na+ and K+ homeostasis and strengthened reactive oxygen species scavenging during salt stress. Further transcriptome analyses demonstrated that the expressions of genes related to hydrolase, cell wall modification, ion homeostasis and ROS scavenging were up- or down-regulated in transgenic plants. Our findings imply that PtGSTF1 improves both biomass production and salt tolerance through regulating hydrolase activity, cell wall modification, ion homeostasis and ROS scavenging in transgenic poplar, and that it can be considered as a useful gene candidate for the genetic breeding of new tree varieties with improved growth under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Gao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ruichao Liu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Huiqing Huang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Bei Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (B.L.)
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Kazerooni EA, Al-Sadi AM, Rashid U, Kim ID, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Salvianolic Acid Modulates Physiological Responses and Stress-Related Genes That Affect Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Glycine max and Zea mays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904037. [PMID: 35783988 PMCID: PMC9240475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a serious threat worldwide to soybean and maize production. This study was conducted to discern the impact of salvianolic acid treatment on osmotic-stressed soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings from the perspective of physiochemical and molecular reactions. Examination of varied salvianolic acid concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 25 μM) on soybean and maize seedling growth confirmed that the 0.1 and 1 μM concentrations, respectively, showed an improvement in agronomic traits. Likewise, the investigation ascertained how salvianolic acid application could retrieve osmotic-stressed plants. Soybean and maize seedlings were irrigated with water or 25% PEG for 8 days. The results indicated that salvianolic acid application promoted the survival of the 39-day-old osmotic-stressed soybean and maize plants. The salvianolic acid-treated plants retained high photosynthetic pigments, protein, amino acid, fatty acid, sugar, and antioxidant contents, and demonstrated low hydrogen peroxide and lipid contents under osmotic stress conditions. Gene transcription pattern certified that salvianolic acid application led to an increased expression of GmGOGAT, GmUBC2, ZmpsbA, ZmNAGK, ZmVPP1, and ZmSCE1d genes, and a diminished expression of GmMIPS2, GmSOG1, GmACS, GmCKX, ZmPIS, and ZmNAC48 genes. Together, our results indicate the utility of salvianolic acid to enhance the osmotic endurance of soybean and maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmed Kazerooni
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Singh A, Roychoudhury A. Gene regulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to combat salt stress in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1556-1572. [PMID: 34260753 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major challenge that will be faced more and more by human population in the near future. Higher salt concentrations in the soil limit the growth and production of crops, which poses serious threats to global food production. Various plant breeding approaches have been followed in the past which are reported to reduce the effect of salt stress by inducing the level of protective metabolites like osmolytes and antioxidants. Conventional breeding approaches are time-consuming and not cost-effective. In recent times, genetic engineering has been largely followed to confer salt tolerance through introgressions of single transgenes or stacking multiple transgenes. However, most of such works are limited only at the laboratory level and field trials are still awaited to prove the long-term efficacy of such transgenics. In this review, we attempt to present a broad overview of the current strategies undertaken to develop halophytic and salt-tolerant crops. The salt-induced damages in the plants are highlighted, followed by representing the novel traits, associated with salt stress, which can be used for engineering salt tolerance in glycophytic crops. Additionally, the role of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in plants for amelioration of salt-induced damages has been reviewed. The role of post-transcriptional mechanisms such as microRNA regulation, genome editing and alternative splicing, during salt stress, and their implications in the development of salt-tolerant crops are also discussed. Finally, we present a short overview about the role of ion transporters and rhizobacteria in the engineering of salt tolerance in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
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Abstract
Nowadays, crop insufficiency resulting from soil salinization is threatening the world. On the basis that soil salinization has become a worldwide problem, studying the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve crop yield, to cultivate new salt-tolerant varieties, and to make full use of saline land. Based on previous studies, this paper reviews the damage of salt stress to plants, including suppression of photosynthesis, disturbance of ion homeostasis, and membrane peroxidation. We have also summarized the physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and osmotic adjustment. Four main stress-related signaling pathways, salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathway, and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway, are included. We have also enumerated some salt stress-responsive genes that correspond to physiological mechanisms. In the end, we have outlined the present approaches and techniques to improve salt tolerance of plants. All in all, we reviewed those aspects above, in the hope of providing valuable background knowledge for the future cultivation of agricultural and forestry plants.
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Kotula L, Garcia Caparros P, Zörb C, Colmer TD, Flowers TJ. Improving crop salt tolerance using transgenic approaches: An update and physiological analysis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2932-2956. [PMID: 32744336 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of land is likely to increase due to climate change with impact on agricultural production. Since most species used as crops are sensitive to salinity, improvement of salt tolerance is needed to maintain global food production. This review summarises successes and failures of transgenic approaches in improving salt tolerance in crop species. A conceptual model of coordinated physiological mechanisms in roots and shoots required for salt tolerance is presented. Transgenic plants overexpressing genes of key proteins contributing to Na+ 'exclusion' (PM-ATPases with SOS1 antiporter, and HKT1 transporter) and Na+ compartmentation in vacuoles (V-H+ ATPase and V-H+ PPase with NHX antiporter), as well as two proteins potentially involved in alleviating water deficit during salt stress (aquaporins and dehydrins), were evaluated. Of the 51 transformations, with gene(s) involved in Na+ 'exclusion' or Na+ vacuolar compartmentation that contained quantitative data on growth and include a non-saline control, 48 showed improvements in salt tolerance (less impact on plant mass) of transgenic plants, but with only two tested in field conditions. Of these 51 transformations, 26 involved crop species. Tissue ion concentrations were altered, but not always in the same way. Although glasshouse data are promising, field studies are required to assess crop salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kotula
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Pedro Garcia Caparros
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almeria, CIAIMBITAL, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products 340e, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Timothy J Flowers
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
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Metabolomics integrated with transcriptomics: assessing the central metabolism of marine red yeast Sporobolomyces pararoseus under salinity stress. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:889-899. [PMID: 33074377 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most serious environmental issues in agricultural regions worldwide. Excess salinity inhibits root growth of various crops, and results in reductions of yield. It is of crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms mediating salinity stress responses for enhancing crops' salt tolerance. Marine red yeast Sporobolomyces pararoseus should have evolved some unique salt-tolerant mechanism, because they long-term live in high-salt ecosystems. However, little research has conducted so far by considering S. pararoseus as model microorganisms to study salt-tolerant mechanisms. Here, we successfully integrated metabolomics with transcriptomic profiles of S. pararoseus in response to salinity stress. Screening of metabolite features with untargeted metabolic profiling, we characterized 4862 compounds from the LC-MS/MS-based datasets. The integrated results showed that amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism is significantly enriched in response to salt stress. Co-expression network analysis showed that 28 genes and 8 metabolites play an important role in the response of S. pararoseus, which provides valuable clues for subsequent validation. Together, the results provide valuable information for assessing the central metabolism of mediating salt responses in S. pararoseus and offer inventories of target genes for salt tolerance improvement via genetic engineering.
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11
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He F, Niu MX, Feng CH, Li HG, Su Y, Su WL, Pang H, Yang Y, Yu X, Wang HL, Wang J, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X. PeSTZ1 confers salt stress tolerance by scavenging the accumulation of ROS through regulating the expression of PeZAT12 and PeAPX2 in Populus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1292-1311. [PMID: 32334430 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA12 (ZAT12) plays an important role in stress responses, but the transcriptional regulation of ZAT12 in response to abiotic stress remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed that a SALT TOLERANCE ZINC FINGER1 transcription factor from Populus euphratica (PeSTZ1) could regulate the expression of PeZAT12 by dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The expression of PeSTZ1 was rapidly induced by NaCl and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatments. Overexpressing PeSTZ1 in poplar 84K (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) plant was endowed with a strong tolerance to salt stress. Under salt stress, transgenic poplar exhibited higher expression levels of PeZAT12 and accumulated a larger amount of antioxidant than the wild-type plants. Meanwhile, ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (PeAPX2) can be activated by PeZAT12 and PeSTZ1, promoting the accumulation of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APX) to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress. This new regulatory model (PeSTZ1-PeZAT12-PeAPX2) was found in poplar, providing a new idea and insight for the interpretation of poplar resistance. Transgenic poplar reduced the accumulation of ROS, restrained the degradation of chlorophyll and guaranteed the photosynthesis and electron transport system. On the other hand, transgenic poplar slickly adjusted K+/Na+ homeostasis to alleviate salt toxicity in photosynthetic organs of plants under salt stress and then increased biomass accumulation. In summary, PeSTZ1 confers salt stress tolerance by scavenging the accumulation of ROS through regulating the expression of PeZAT12 and PeAPX2 in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng-Xue Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cong-Hua Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui-Guang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanyan Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wan-Long Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongguang Pang
- Horticulture Science, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Lianchi District, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Yanli Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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12
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Pérez-Castiñeira JR, Serrano A. The H +-Translocating Inorganic Pyrophosphatase From Arabidopsis thaliana Is More Sensitive to Sodium Than Its Na +-Translocating Counterpart From Methanosarcina mazei. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1240. [PMID: 32903538 PMCID: PMC7438732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of membrane-bound K+-dependent H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H+-PPases) from higher plants has been widely used to alleviate the sensitivity toward NaCl in these organisms, a strategy that had been previously tested in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On the other hand, H+-PPases have been reported to functionally complement the yeast cytosolic soluble pyrophosphatase (IPP1). Here, the efficiency of the K+-dependent Na+-PPase from the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei (MVP) to functionally complement IPP1 has been compared to that of its H+-pumping counterpart from Arabidopsis thaliana (AVP1). Both membrane-bound integral PPases (mPPases) supported yeast growth equally well under normal conditions, however, cells expressing MVP grew significantly better than those expressing AVP1 under salt stress. The subcellular distribution of the heterologously-expressed mPPases was crucial in order to observe the phenotypes associated with the complementation. In vitro studies showed that the PPase activity of MVP was less sensitive to Na+ than that of AVP1. Consistently, when yeast cells expressing MVP were grown in the presence of NaCl only a marginal increase in their internal PPi levels was observed with respect to control cells. By contrast, yeast cells that expressed AVP1 had significantly higher levels of this metabolite under the same conditions. The H+-pumping activity of AVP1 was also markedly inhibited by Na+. Our results suggest that mPPases primarily act by hydrolysing the PPi generated in the cytosol when expressed in yeast, and that AVP1 is more susceptible to Na+ inhibition than MVP both in vivo and in vitro. Based on this experimental evidence, we propose Na+-PPases as biotechnological tools to generate salt-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelio Serrano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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13
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Huang X, Soolanayakanahally RY, Guy RD, Shunmugam ASK, Mansfield SD. Differences in growth and physiological and metabolic responses among Canadian native and hybrid willows (Salix spp.) under salinity stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:652-666. [PMID: 32083671 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, soil salinization is becoming increasingly prevalent, due to local hydrogeologic phenomena, climate change and anthropogenic activities. This has significantly curtailed current world food production and limits future production potential. In the prairie region of North America, sulfate salts, rather than sodium chloride, are often the predominant cause of soil degradation. In order to amend soil quality, revegetate salt-affected sites and recover economic loss associated with soil salinization, the establishment of short-rotation coppice plantations with willows (Salix spp.) has been suggested as a possible solution. To screen for the best candidates for such an application, 20 hybrid and 16 native willow genotypes were treated with three different salt conditions for 3 months. The treatments were designed to reflect the salt composition and concentrations on North American prairies. Under moderate salinity treatment (7 dS m-1), hybrid willows had better growth, as they established quickly while managing salt transport and mineral nutrition balance. However, native willows showed higher potential for long-term survival under severe salinity treatment (14 dS m-1), showing a lower sodium:potassium ratio in roots and better photosynthetic performance. Two native willow genotypes with high osmotic and salinity tolerance indices, specifically LAR-10 and MJW-9, are expected to show superior potential for remediating salt-affected sites. In addition, we observed significantly higher sulfate/sulfur concentrations in both leaf and root tissues in response to the severe salinity treatment, shedding light on the effect of sulfate salinity on sulfate uptake, and potentially sulfur metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Arun S K Shunmugam
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria Research, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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14
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Zhang X, Gu C, Zhang T, Tong B, Zhang H, Wu Y, Yang C. Chloroplast (Cp) Transcriptome of P. davidiana Dode×P. bolleana Lauch provides insight into the Cp drought response and Populus Cp phylogeny. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:51. [PMID: 32375634 PMCID: PMC7201580 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Raw second-generation (2G) lignocellulosic biomass materials have the potential for development into a sustainable and renewable source of energy. Poplar is regarded as a promising 2G material (P. davidiana Dode×P. bolleana Lauch, P. bolleana, P. davidiana, P. euphratica, et al). However, their large-scale commercialization still faces many obstacles. For example, drought prevents sufficient irrigation or rainfall, which can reduce soil moisture and eventually destroy the chloroplast, the plant photosynthetic organelle. Heterosis is widely used in the production of drought-tolerant materials, such as the superior clone “Shanxinyang” selected from the offspring of Populus davidiana Dode×Populus bolleana Lauch. Because it produces good wood and is easily genetically transformed, “Shanxinyang” has become a promising material for use in tree genetics. It is also one of the most abundant biofuel plants in northern China. Understanding the genetic features of chloroplasts, the cp transcriptome and physiology is crucial to elucidating the chloroplast drought-response model. Results In this study, the whole genome of “Shanxinyang” was sequenced. The chloroplast genome was assembled, and chloroplast structure was analysed and compared with that of other popular plants. Chloroplast transcriptome analysis was performed under drought conditions. The total length of the “Shanxinyang” chloroplast genome was 156,190 bp, the GC content was 36.75%, and the genome was composed of four typical areas (LSC, IRa, IRb, and SSC). A total of 114 simple repeats were detected in the chloroplast genome of “Shanxinyang”. In cp transcriptome analysis, we found 161 up-regulated and 157 down-regulated genes under drought, and 9 cpDEGs was randomly selected to conduct reverse transcription (RT)–qPCR., in which the Log2 (fold change) was significantly consistent with the qPCR results. The analysis of chloroplast transcription under drought provided clues for understanding chloroplast function under drought. The phylogenetic position of “Shanxinyang” within Populus was analysed by using the chloroplast genome sequences of 23 Populus plants, showing that “Shanxinyang” belongs to Sect. Populus and is sister to Populus davidiana. Further, mVISTA analysis showed that the variation in non-coding (regulatory) regions was greater than that in coding regions, which suggests that further attention should be paid to the chloroplast in order to obtain new evolutionary or functional insights related to aspects of plant biology. Conclusions Our findings indicate that complex prokaryotic genome regulation occurs when processing transcripts under drought stress. The results not only offer clues for understanding the chloroplast genome and transcription features in woody plants but also serve as a basis for future molecular studies on poplar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.,School of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 10866, China
| | - Chenrui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Botong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yueliang Wu
- School of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 10866, China
| | - Chuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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15
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Wani SH, Kumar V, Khare T, Guddimalli R, Parveda M, Solymosi K, Suprasanna P, Kavi Kishor PB. Engineering salinity tolerance in plants: progress and prospects. PLANTA 2020; 251:76. [PMID: 32152761 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to integrate conceptual framework based on the current understanding of salt stress responses with different approaches for manipulating and improving salt tolerance in crop plants. Soil salinity exerts significant constraints on global crop production, posing a serious challenge for plant breeders and biotechnologists. The classical transgenic approach for enhancing salinity tolerance in plants revolves by boosting endogenous defence mechanisms, often via a single-gene approach, and usually involves the enhanced synthesis of compatible osmolytes, antioxidants, polyamines, maintenance of hormone homeostasis, modification of transporters and/or regulatory proteins, including transcription factors and alternative splicing events. Occasionally, genetic manipulation of regulatory proteins or phytohormone levels confers salinity tolerance, but all these may cause undesired reduction in plant growth and/or yields. In this review, we present and evaluate novel and cutting-edge approaches for engineering salt tolerance in crop plants. First, we cover recent findings regarding the importance of regulatory proteins and transporters, and how they can be used to enhance salt tolerance in crop plants. We also evaluate the importance of halobiomes as a reservoir of genes that can be used for engineering salt tolerance in glycophytic crops. Additionally, the role of microRNAs as critical post-transcriptional regulators in plant adaptive responses to salt stress is reviewed and their use for engineering salt-tolerant crop plants is critically assessed. The potentials of alternative splicing mechanisms and targeted gene-editing technologies in understanding plant salt stress responses and developing salt-tolerant crop plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, 192 101, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016, India
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016, India
| | | | | | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, ELTE-Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1053, Hungary
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522 213, India
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16
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Jiang YT, Tang RJ, Zhang YJ, Xue HW, Ferjani A, Luan S, Lin WH. Two tonoplast proton pumps function in Arabidopsis embryo development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1606-1617. [PMID: 31569267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two types of tonoplast proton pumps, H+ -pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) and the H+ -ATPase (V-ATPase), establish the proton gradient that powers molecular traffic across the tonoplast thereby facilitating turgor regulation and nutrient homeostasis. However, how proton pumps regulate development remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of two types of proton pumps in Arabidopsis embryo development and pattern formation. While disruption of either V-PPase or V-ATPase had no obvious effect on plant embryo development, knocking out both resulted in severe defects in embryo pattern formation from the early stage. While the first division in wild-type zygote was asymmetrical, a nearly symmetrical division occurred in the mutant, followed by abnormal pattern formation at all stages of embryo development. The embryonic defects were accompanied by dramatic differences in vacuole morphology and distribution, as well as disturbed localisation of PIN1. The development of mutant cotyledons and root, and the auxin response of mutant seedlings supported the hypothesis that mutants lacking tonoplast proton pumps were defective in auxin transport and distribution. Taking together, we proposed that two tonoplast proton pumps are required for vacuole morphology and PIN1 localisation, thereby controlling vacuole and auxin-related developmental processes in Arabidopsis embryos and seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yan-Jie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 184-8501, Koganei-shi, Japan
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Liu JG, Han X, Yang T, Cui WH, Wu AM, Fu CX, Wang BC, Liu LJ. Genome-wide transcriptional adaptation to salt stress in Populus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:367. [PMID: 31429697 PMCID: PMC6701017 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptation to abiotic stresses is crucial for the survival of perennial plants in a natural environment. However, very little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we adopted a liquid culture system to investigate plant adaptation to repeated salt stress in Populus trees. RESULTS We first evaluated phenotypic responses and found that plants exhibit better stress tolerance after pre-treatment of salt stress. Time-course RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was then performed to profile changes in gene expression over 12 h of salt treatments. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that significant transcriptional reprogramming and adaptation to repeated salt treatment occurred. Clustering analysis identified two modules of co-expressed genes that were potentially critical for repeated salt stress adaptation, and one key module for salt stress response in general. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified pathways including hormone signaling, cell wall biosynthesis and modification, negative regulation of growth, and epigenetic regulation to be highly enriched in these gene modules. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates phenotypic and transcriptional adaptation of Populus trees to salt stress, revealing novel gene modules which are potentially critical for responding and adapting to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gui Liu
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 China
| | - Tong Yang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Wen-Hui Cui
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Chun-Xiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong China
| | - Bai-Chen Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
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Wang H, Wang X, Song W, Bao Y, Jin Y, Jiang C, Wang C, Li B, Zhang H. PdMYB118, isolated from a red leaf mutant of Populus deltoids, is a new transcription factor regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in poplar. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:927-936. [PMID: 31147728 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A new anthocyanin biosynthesis transcription factor PdMYB118, which could be used for the genetic engineering of colorful tree species, was indentified from a red leaf mutant of Populus deltoids. In higher plants, the biosynthesis of anthocyanins is regulated by several classes of transcription factors (TFs), including R2R3-MYB, bHLH and WD-repeat proteins. In this work, we isolated an MYB gene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis from a red leaf mutant of Populus deltoids, which accumulated more anthocyanins in the leaves and showed higher expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes than did the wild type. Gene expression analyses of all TFs regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis demonstrated that only a MYB118 homologous gene, PdMYB118, was up-regulated in the mutant compared with the wide type. Subcellular localization analyses in poplar leaf mesophyll protoplasts showed that PdMYB118-YFP fusion protein was specifically located in nucleus. When transiently expressed in poplar leaf protoplasts, PdMYB118 specifically promoted the expression of anthocyanidin biosynthesis genes. Dual-luciferase assays revealed that PdMYB118 can directly activate the promoters of these genes. When overexpressed in Shanxin Yang (P. davidiana × P. bolleana), a hybrid clone commercially grown for landscaping in the northern part of China, transgenic plants overexpressing PdMYB118 produced more anthocyanins in the leaves and turned their color into redness when grown in both greenhouse and field. Consistently, transcripts of some important anthocyanidin biosynthesis genes were significantly increased in the leaves of transgenic plants. All these results indicate that PdMYB118 functions as an essential transcription factor regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in poplar and could be used for the genetic engineering of colorful tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimeng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Bao
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, China
| | - Yanli Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuiting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, China
- Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in the Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, China.
- Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in the Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Zhang Y, Li D, Zhou R, Wang X, Dossa K, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yu J, Gong H, Zhang X, You J. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of two contrasting sesame genotypes reveal the crucial biological pathways involved in rapid adaptive response to salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:66. [PMID: 30744558 PMCID: PMC6371534 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinity is one of the major serious factors that affect agricultural productivity of almost all crops worldwide, including the important oilseed crop sesame. In order to improve salinity resistance in sesame, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive response to salinity stress. RESULTS In the present study, two contrasting sesame genotypes differing in salt tolerance were used to decipher the adaptive responses to salt stress based on morphological, transcriptome and metabolome characterizations. Morphological results indicated that under salt stress, the salt-tolerant (ST) genotype has enhanced capacity to withstand salinity stress, higher seed germination rate and plant survival rate, as well as better growth rate than the salt-sensitive genotype. Transcriptome analysis revealed strongly induced salt-responsive genes in sesame mainly related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, and oxidation-reduction process. Especially, several pathways were preferably enriched with differentially expressed genes in ST genotype, including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Metabolome profiling under salt stress showed a higher accumulation degree of metabolites involved in stress tolerance in ST, and further highlighted that the amino acid metabolism, and sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides metabolism were enhanced in ST. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the candidate genes and metabolites involved in crucial biological pathways may regulate salt tolerance of sesame, and increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of sesame to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Donghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
- Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), Route de Khombole, 3320 Thiès, BP Senegal
| | - Linhai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jingyin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Huihui Gong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
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Polle A, Chen SL, Eckert C, Harfouche A. Engineering Drought Resistance in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1875. [PMID: 30671067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climatic stresses limit plant growth and productivity. In the past decade, tree improvement programs were mainly focused on yield but it is obvious that enhanced stress resistance is also required. In this review we highlight important drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in forest trees. Genomes of economically important trees species with divergent resistance mechanisms can now be exploited to uncover the mechanistic basis of long-term drought adaptation at the whole plant level. Molecular tree physiology indicates that osmotic adjustment, antioxidative defense and increased water use efficiency are important targets for enhanced drought tolerance at the cellular and tissue level. Recent biotechnological approaches focused on overexpression of genes involved in stress sensing and signaling, such as the abscisic acid core pathway, and down-stream transcription factors. By this strategy, a suite of defense systems was recruited, generally enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance under laboratory conditions. However, field studies are still scarce. Under field conditions trees are exposed to combinations of stresses that vary in duration and magnitude. Variable stresses may overrule the positive effect achieved by engineering an individual defense pathway. To assess the usability of distinct modifications, large-scale experimental field studies in different environments are necessary. To optimize the balance between growth and defense, the use of stress-inducible promoters may be useful. Future improvement programs for drought resistance will benefit from a better understanding of the intricate networks that ameliorate molecular and ecological traits of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polle
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shao Liang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Eckert
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antoine Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Polle A, Chen SL, Eckert C, Harfouche A. Engineering Drought Resistance in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1875. [PMID: 30671067 PMCID: PMC6331418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climatic stresses limit plant growth and productivity. In the past decade, tree improvement programs were mainly focused on yield but it is obvious that enhanced stress resistance is also required. In this review we highlight important drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in forest trees. Genomes of economically important trees species with divergent resistance mechanisms can now be exploited to uncover the mechanistic basis of long-term drought adaptation at the whole plant level. Molecular tree physiology indicates that osmotic adjustment, antioxidative defense and increased water use efficiency are important targets for enhanced drought tolerance at the cellular and tissue level. Recent biotechnological approaches focused on overexpression of genes involved in stress sensing and signaling, such as the abscisic acid core pathway, and down-stream transcription factors. By this strategy, a suite of defense systems was recruited, generally enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance under laboratory conditions. However, field studies are still scarce. Under field conditions trees are exposed to combinations of stresses that vary in duration and magnitude. Variable stresses may overrule the positive effect achieved by engineering an individual defense pathway. To assess the usability of distinct modifications, large-scale experimental field studies in different environments are necessary. To optimize the balance between growth and defense, the use of stress-inducible promoters may be useful. Future improvement programs for drought resistance will benefit from a better understanding of the intricate networks that ameliorate molecular and ecological traits of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polle
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shao Liang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Eckert
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antoine Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Graus D, Konrad KR, Bemm F, Patir Nebioglu MG, Lorey C, Duscha K, Güthoff T, Herrmann J, Ferjani A, Cuin TA, Roelfsema MRG, Schumacher K, Neuhaus HE, Marten I, Hedrich R. High V-PPase activity is beneficial under high salt loads, but detrimental without salinity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1421-1432. [PMID: 29938800 PMCID: PMC6099232 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-bound proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), together with the V-type H+ -ATPase, generates the proton motive force that drives vacuolar membrane solute transport. Transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing V-PPases were shown to have improved salinity tolerance, but the relative impact of increasing PPi hydrolysis and proton-pumping functions has yet to be dissected. For a better understanding of the molecular processes underlying V-PPase-dependent salt tolerance, we transiently overexpressed the pyrophosphate-driven proton pump (NbVHP) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and studied its functional properties in relation to salt treatment by primarily using patch-clamp, impalement electrodes and pH imaging. NbVHP overexpression led to higher vacuolar proton currents and vacuolar acidification. After 3 d in salt-untreated conditions, V-PPase-overexpressing leaves showed a drop in photosynthetic capacity, plasma membrane depolarization and eventual leaf necrosis. Salt, however, rescued NbVHP-hyperactive cells from cell death. Furthermore, a salt-induced rise in V-PPase but not of V-ATPase pump currents was detected in nontransformed plants. The results indicate that under normal growth conditions, plants need to regulate the V-PPase pump activity to avoid hyperactivity and its negative feedback on cell viability. Nonetheless, V-PPase proton pump function becomes increasingly important under salt stress for generating the pH gradient necessary for vacuolar proton-coupled Na+ sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Graus
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Kai R. Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Felix Bemm
- Institute of BioinformaticsCenter for Computational and Theoretical, BiologyUniversity of WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97218Germany
| | - Meliha Görkem Patir Nebioglu
- Centre for Organismal StudiesDevelopmental Biology of PlantsRuprecht‐Karls‐University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 230Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Christian Lorey
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Kerstin Duscha
- Plant PhysiologyUniversity KaiserslauternPostfach 3049KaiserslauternD‐67653Germany
| | - Tilman Güthoff
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Johannes Herrmann
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of BiologyTokyo Gakugei UniversityNukui Kitamachi 4‐1‐1Koganei‐shiTokyo184‐8501Japan
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS7001Australia
| | - M. Rob G. Roelfsema
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal StudiesDevelopmental Biology of PlantsRuprecht‐Karls‐University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 230Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - H. Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant PhysiologyUniversity KaiserslauternPostfach 3049KaiserslauternD‐67653Germany
| | - Irene Marten
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WürzburgJulius von‐Sachs Platz 2WürzburgD‐97082Germany
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Kang P, Bao AK, Kumar T, Pan YQ, Bao Z, Wang F, Wang SM. Assessment of Stress Tolerance, Productivity, and Forage Quality in T 1 Transgenic Alfalfa Co-overexpressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 from Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1598. [PMID: 27833624 PMCID: PMC5081344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinization, desertification, and soil nutrient deprivation are threatening the production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in northern China. We have previously generated T0 transgenic alfalfa co-overexpressing Zygophyllum xanthoxylum ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 genes with enhanced salt and drought tolerance. To further develop this excellent breeding material into the new forage cultivar, stress tolerance, productivity, and forage quality of T1 transgenic alfalfa (GM) were assessed in this study. The GM inherited the traits of salt and drought tolerance from T0 generation. Most importantly, co-overexpression of ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 enhanced the tolerance to Pi deficiency in GM, which was associated with more Pi accumulation in plants. Meanwhile, T1 transgenic alfalfa developed a larger root system with increased root size, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio, which may be one important reason for the improvement of phosphorus nutrition and high biomass accumulation in GM under various conditions. GM also accumulated more crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and crude ash than wild-type (WT) plants, especially under stress conditions and in the field. More interestingly, the crude fat contents sharply dropped in WT (by 66-74%), whereas showed no change or decreased less in GM, when subjected to salinity, drought or low-Pi. Our results indicate that T1 transgenic alfalfa co-overexpressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 shows stronger stress tolerance, higher productivity and better forage quality. This study provides a solid foundation for creating the alfalfa cultivars with high yield, good quality and wide adaptability on saline, dry, and nutrient-deprived marginal lands of northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- *Correspondence: Ai-Ke Bao, Suo-Min Wang,
| | | | | | | | | | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
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Regmi KC, Zhang S, Gaxiola RA. Apoplasmic loading in the rice phloem supported by the presence of sucrose synthase and plasma membrane-localized proton pyrophosphatase. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:257-68. [PMID: 26614751 PMCID: PMC4724047 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although Oryza sativa (rice) is one of the most important cereal crops, the mechanism by which sucrose, the major photosynthate, is loaded into its phloem is still a matter of debate. Current opinion holds that the phloem loading pathway in rice could involve either a symplasmic or an apoplasmic route. It was hypothesized, on the basis of a complementary body of evidence from arabidopsis, which is an apoplasmic loader, that the membrane specificity of proton pyrophosphatases (H(+)-PPases; OVPs) in the sieve element-companion cell (SE-CC) complexes of rice source leaves would support the existence of either of the aforementioned phloem loading mechanisms. Additionally, it was contended that the presence of sucrose synthase in the SE-CC complexes would be consistent with an apoplasmic sucrose loading route in rice. METHODS Conventional chemical fixation methods were used for immunohistochemical localization of H(+)-PPases and sucrose synthase in rice and arabidopsis at the light microscopy level, while ultrastructural immunogold labelling of H(+)-PPases and sucrose synthase was performed on high-pressure frozen source leaves of rice. KEY RESULTS Using immunogold labelling, it was found that OVPs predominantly localize at the plasma membrane (PM) of the SE-CC complexes in rice source leaf minor veins, while in the root meristematic cells, OVPs preferentially localize at the vacuoles. The PM specificity of OPVs in the SE-CC complexes was deemed to support apoplasmic loading in the rice phloem. Further backing for this interpretation came from the sucrose synthase-specific immunogold labelling at the SE-CC complexes of rice source leaves. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with the idea that, in the same way as in arabidopsis and a majority of grasses, sucrose is actively loaded into the SE-CC complexes of rice leaves using an apoplasmic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh C Regmi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Shangji Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Roberto A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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